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Ngule C, Shi R, Ren X, Jia H, Oyelami F, Li D, Park Y, Kim J, Hemati H, Zhang Y, Xiong X, Shinkle A, Vanderford NL, Bachert S, Zhou BP, Wang J, Song J, Liu X, Yang JM. NAC1 promotes stemness and regulates myeloid-derived cell status in triple-negative breast cancer. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:188. [PMID: 39243032 PMCID: PMC11378519 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-02102-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a particularly lethal breast cancer (BC) subtype driven by cancer stem cells (CSCs) and an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Our study reveals that nucleus accumbens associated protein 1 (NAC1), a member of the BTB/POZ gene family, plays a crucial role in TNBC by maintaining tumor stemness and influencing myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). High NAC1 expression correlates with worse TNBC prognosis. NAC1 knockdown reduced CSC markers and tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Additionally, NAC1 affects oncogenic pathways such as the CD44-JAK1-STAT3 axis and immunosuppressive signals (TGFβ, IL-6). Intriguingly, the impact of NAC1 on tumor growth varies with the host immune status, showing diminished tumorigenicity in natural killer (NK) cell-competent mice but increased tumorigenicity in NK cell-deficient ones. This highlights the important role of the host immune system in TNBC progression. In addition, high NAC1 level in MDSCs also supports TNBC stemness. Together, this study implies NAC1 as a promising therapeutic target able to simultaneously eradicate CSCs and mitigate immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrispus Ngule
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Science, and Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Ruyi Shi
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Science, and Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
- Present Address: Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xingcong Ren
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Science, and Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Hongyan Jia
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Science, and Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
- Present Address: Department of Breast Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Felix Oyelami
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Science, and Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Science, and Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Younhee Park
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Science, and Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Jinhwan Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, and Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Hami Hemati
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Science, and Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Science, and Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
- Present Address: Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaofang Xiong
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA
| | - Andrew Shinkle
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Science, and Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Nathan L Vanderford
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Science, and Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Sara Bachert
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Binhua P Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, and Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Jianlong Wang
- Department of Medicine, Columbia Center for Human Development and Stem Cell Therapies, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Jianxun Song
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA.
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Science, and Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
| | - Jin-Ming Yang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Science, and Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
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Alicea GM, Patel P, Portuallo ME, Fane ME, Wei M, Chhabra Y, Dixit A, Carey AE, Wang V, Rocha MR, Behera R, Speicher DW, Tang HY, Kossenkov AV, Rebecca VW, Wirtz D, Weeraratna AT. Age-Related Increases in IGFBP2 Increase Melanoma Cell Invasion and Lipid Synthesis. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 4:1908-1918. [PMID: 39007351 PMCID: PMC11295880 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Aged patients with melanoma (>65 years old) have more aggressive disease relative to young patients (<55 years old) for reasons that are not completely understood. Analysis of the young and aged secretome from human dermal fibroblasts identified >5-fold levels of IGF-binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) in the aged fibroblast secretome. IGFBP2 functionally triggers upregulation of the PI3K-dependent fatty acid biosynthesis program in melanoma cells. Melanoma cells co-cultured with aged dermal fibroblasts have higher levels of lipids relative to those co-cultured with young dermal fibroblasts, which can be lowered by silencing IGFBP2 expression in fibroblasts prior to treating with conditioned media. Conversely, ectopically treating melanoma cells with recombinant IGFBP2 in the presence of conditioned media from young fibroblasts or overexpressing IGFBP2 in melanoma cells promoted lipid synthesis and accumulation in melanoma cells. Treatment of young mice with rIGFBP2 increases tumor growth. Neutralizing IGFBP2 in vitro reduces migration and invasion in melanoma cells, and in vivo studies demonstrate that neutralizing IGFBP2 in syngeneic aged mice reduces tumor growth and metastasis. Our results suggest that aged dermal fibroblasts increase melanoma cell aggressiveness through increased secretion of IGFBP2, stressing the importance of considering age when designing studies and treatment. SIGNIFICANCE The aged microenvironment drives metastasis in melanoma cells. This study reports that IGFBP2 secretion by aged fibroblasts induces lipid accumulation in melanoma cells, driving an increase in tumor invasiveness. Neutralizing IGFBP2 decreases melanoma tumor growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretchen M. Alicea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Payal Patel
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Marie E. Portuallo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Mitchell E. Fane
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
- The Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Meihan Wei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Yash Chhabra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
- The Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Agrani Dixit
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Alexis E. Carey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Vania Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Murilo R. Rocha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Reeti Behera
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | | | | | | | - Vito W. Rebecca
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Denis Wirtz
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Ashani T. Weeraratna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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Ahmad N, Moton S, Kuttikrishnan S, Prabhu KS, Masoodi T, Ahmad S, Uddin S. Fatty acid synthase: A key driver of ovarian cancer metastasis and a promising therapeutic target. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 260:155465. [PMID: 39018927 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is a critical enzyme essential for the production of fats in the body. The abnormal expression of FASN is associated with different types of malignancies, including ovarian cancer. FASN plays a crucial role in cell growth and survival as a metabolic oncogene, although the specific processes that cause its dysregulation are still unknown. FASN interacts with signaling pathways linked to the progression of cancer. Pharmacologically inhibiting or inactivating the FASN gene has shown potential in causing the death of cancer cells, offering a possible treatment approach. This review examines the function of FASN in ovarian cancer, namely its level of expression, influence on the advancement of the disease, and its potential as a target for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuha Ahmad
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Shilpa Kuttikrishnan
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Kirti S Prabhu
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Tariq Masoodi
- Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sarfraz Ahmad
- Gynecologic Oncology Program, AdventHealth Cancer Institute, Orlando, FL 32804, USA; Florida State University, College of Medicine, Orlando, FL 32801, USA; University of Central Florida, College of Medicine, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Laboratory of Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226026, India.
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Xie Q, Tong C, Xiong X. An overview of the co-transcription factor NACC1: Beyond its pro-tumor effects. Life Sci 2024; 336:122314. [PMID: 38030057 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Nucleus accumbens-associated protein 1 (NACC1) is a member of the broad complex, tramtrack, bric-a-brac/poxvirus and zinc finger (BTB/POZ) protein families, mainly exerting its biological functions as a transcription co-regulator. NACC1 forms homo- or hetero-dimers through the BTB/POZ or BANP, E5R, and NACC1 (BEN) domain with other transcriptional regulators to regulate downstream signals. Recently, the overexpression of NACC1 has been observed in various tumors and is positively associated with tumor progression, high recurrence rate, indicating poor prognosis. NACC1 also regulates biological processes such as embryonic development, stem cell pluripotency, innate immunity, and related diseases. Our review combines recent research to summarize advancements in the structure, biological functions, and relative molecular mechanisms of NACC1. The future development of NACC1 clinical appliances is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Chang Tong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Xiangyang Xiong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China; Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogens and Molecular Pathology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.
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Alicea GM, Portuallo ME, Patel P, Fane ME, Carey AE, Speicher D, Tang HY, Kossenkov AV, Rebecca VW, Wirtz DG, Weeraratna AT. Age-related increases in IGFBP2 increase melanoma cell invasion and lipid synthesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.02.539059. [PMID: 37205503 PMCID: PMC10187234 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.02.539059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Aged melanoma patients (>65 years old) have more aggressive disease relative to young patients (<55 years old) for reasons that are not completely understood. Analysis of the young and aged secretome from human dermal fibroblasts identified >5-fold levels of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) in the aged fibroblast secretome. IGFBP2 functionally triggers upregulation of the PI3K-dependent fatty acid biosynthesis program in melanoma cells through increases in FASN. Melanoma cells co-cultured with aged dermal fibroblasts have higher levels of lipids relative to young dermal fibroblasts, which can be lowered by silencing IGFBP2 expression in fibroblasts, prior to treating with conditioned media. Conversely, ectopically treating melanoma cells with recombinant IGFBP2 in the presence of conditioned media from young fibroblasts, promoted lipid synthesis and accumulation in the melanoma cells. Neutralizing IGFBP2 in vitro reduces migration and invasion in melanoma cells, and in vivo studies demonstrate that neutralizing IGFBP2 in syngeneic aged mice, ablates tumor growth as well as metastasis. Conversely, ectopic treatment of young mice with IGFBP2 in young mice increases tumor growth and metastasis. Our data reveal that aged dermal fibroblasts increase melanoma cell aggressiveness through increased secretion of IGFBP2, stressing the importance of considering age when designing studies and treatment. Significance The aged microenvironment drives metastasis in melanoma cells. This study reports that IGFBP2 secretion by aged fibroblasts induces FASN in melanoma cells and drives metastasis. Neutralizing IGFBP2 decreases melanoma tumor growth and metastasis.
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6
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Dong S, Wang X, Yang S, Guo F, Zhang J, Ji C, Shi L, Cheng Y, Hu Y, Li Z, Peng L, Guo L, Zhu W, Ren X, Yang JM, Zhang Y. Mechanistic Insights of NAC1 Nuclear Export and Its Role in Ovarian Cancer Resistance to Docetaxel. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 211:115533. [PMID: 37019189 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we uncovered the nuclear export of nucleus accumbens-associated protein-1 (NAC1) as a novel mechanism involved in ovarian cancer resistance to taxanes, the chemotherapeutic drugs commonly used in treatment of this malignancy. We showed that NAC1, a nuclear factor of the BTB/POZ gene family, has a nuclear export signal (NES) at the N terminus (aa 17-28), and this NES critically contributes to the NAC1 nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling when tumor cells were treated with docetaxel. Mechanistically, the nuclear-exported NAC1 bound to cullin3 (Cul3) and Cyclin B1 via its BTB and BOZ domains respectively, and the cyto-NAC1-Cul3 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex promotes the ubiquitination and degradation of Cyclin B1, thereby facilitating mitotic exit and leading to cellular resistance to docetaxel. We also showed in in vitro and in vivo experiments that TP-CH-1178, a membrane-permeable polypeptide against the NAC1 NES motif, blocked the nuclear export of NAC1, interfered with the degradation of Cyclin B1 and sensitized ovarian cancer cells to docetaxel. This study not only reveals a novel mechanism by which the NAC1 nuclear export is regulated and Cyclin B1 degradation and mitotic exit are impacted by the NAC1-Cul3 complex, but also provides the nuclear-export pathway of NAC1 as a potential target for modulating taxanes resistance in ovarian cancer and other malignancies.
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Ren Y, Kumar A, Das JK, Peng HY, Wang L, Balllard D, Xiong X, Ren X, Zhang Y, Yang JM, Song J. Tumorous expression of NAC1 restrains antitumor immunity through the LDHA-mediated immune evasion. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:e004856. [PMID: 36150745 PMCID: PMC9511653 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-004856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND T cell-mediated antitumor immunity has a vital role in cancer prevention and treatment; however, the immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) constitutes a significant contributor to immune evasion that weakens antitumor immunity. Here, we explore the relationship between nucleus accumbens-associated protein-1 (NAC1), a nuclear factor of the BTB (broad-complex, Tramtrack, bric a brac)/POZ (Poxvirus, and Zinc finger) gene family, and the TME. METHODS Adoptive cell transfer (ACT) of mouse or human tumor antigen (Ag)-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) was tested in an immunocompetent or immunodeficient mouse model of melanoma with or without expression of NAC1. The effects of NAC1 expression on immune evasion in tumor cells were assessed in vitro and in vivo. CRISPR/Cas9, glycolysis analysis, retroviral transduction, quantitative real-time PCR, flow cytometric analysis, immunoblotting, database analyses were used to screen the downstream target and underlying mechanism of NAC1 in tumor cells. RESULTS Tumorous expression of NAC1 negatively impacts the CTL-mediated antitumor immunity via lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA)-mediated suppressive TME. NAC1 positively regulated the expression of LDHA at the transcriptional level, which led to higher accumulation of lactic acid in the TME. This inhibited the cytokine production and induced exhaustion and apoptosis of CTLs, impairing their cell-killing ability. In the immunocompetent and immunodeficient mice, NAC1 depleted melanoma tumors grew significantly slower and had an elevated infiltration of tumor Ag-specific CTLs following ACT, compared with the control groups. CONCLUSIONS Tumor expression of NAC1 contributes substantially to immune evasion through its regulatory role in LDHA expression and lactic acid production. Thus, therapeutic targeting of NAC1 warrants further exploration as a potential strategy to reinforce cancer immunotherapy, such as the ACT of CTLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Ren
- Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Sciences Center, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Anil Kumar
- Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Sciences Center, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Jugal K Das
- Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Sciences Center, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Hao-Yun Peng
- Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Sciences Center, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Liqing Wang
- Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Sciences Center, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Darby Balllard
- Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Sciences Center, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Xiaofang Xiong
- Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Sciences Center, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Xingcong Ren
- Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jin-Ming Yang
- Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jianxun Song
- Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Sciences Center, Bryan, Texas, USA
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8
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Targeting lipid metabolism in the treatment of ovarian cancer. Oncotarget 2022; 13:768-783. [PMID: 35634242 PMCID: PMC9132258 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells undergo alterations in lipid metabolism to support their high energy needs, tumorigenesis and evade an anti-tumor immune response. Alterations in fatty acid production are controlled by multiple enzymes, chiefly Acetyl CoA Carboxylase, ATP-Citrate Lyase, Fatty Acid Synthase, and Stearoyl CoA Desaturase 1. Ovarian cancer (OC) is a common gynecological malignancy with a high rate of aggressive carcinoma progression and drug resistance. The accumulation of unsaturated fatty acids in ovarian cancer supports cell growth, increased cancer cell migration, and worse patient outcomes. Ovarian cancer cells also expand their lipid stores via increased uptake of lipids using fatty acid translocases, fatty acid-binding proteins, and low-density lipoprotein receptors. Furthermore, increased lipogenesis and lipid uptake promote chemotherapy resistance and dampen the adaptive immune response needed to eliminate tumors. In this review, we discuss the role of lipid synthesis and metabolism in driving tumorigenesis and drug resistance in ovarian cancer conferring poor prognosis and outcomes in patients. We also cover some aspects of how lipids fuel ovarian cancer stem cells, and how these metabolic alterations in intracellular lipid content could potentially serve as biomarkers of ovarian cancer.
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Yang R, Yi M, Xiang B. Novel Insights on Lipid Metabolism Alterations in Drug Resistance in Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:875318. [PMID: 35646898 PMCID: PMC9136290 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.875318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is one of the primary treatments for most human cancers. Despite great progress in cancer therapeutics, chemotherapy continues to be important for improving the survival of cancer patients, especially for those who has unresectable metastatic tumors or fail to respond to immunotherapy. However, intrinsic or acquired chemoresistance results in tumor recurrence, which remains a major obstacle in anti-cancer treatment. The high prevalence of chemoresistant cancer makes it urgent to deepen our understanding on chemoresistance mechanisms and to develop novel therapeutic strategies. Multiple mechanisms, including drug efflux, enhanced DNA damage reparability, increased detoxifying enzymes levels, presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs), epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), autophagy, ferroptosis and resistance to apoptosis, underlie the development of chemoresistance. Recently, accumulating evidence suggests that lipid metabolism alteration is closely related to drug resistance in tumor. Targeting lipid metabolism in combination with traditional chemotherapeutic drugs is a promising strategy to overcome drug resistance. Therefore, this review compiles the current knowledge about aberrant lipid metabolism in chemoresistant cancer, mainly focusing on aberrant fatty acid metabolism, and presents novel therapeutic strategies targeting altered lipid metabolism to overcome chemoresistance in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Yang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hypertension Center, FuWai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Yi
- Department of Dermatology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bo Xiang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
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10
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Fatty Acid Metabolism in Ovarian Cancer: Therapeutic Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042170. [PMID: 35216285 PMCID: PMC8874779 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most malignant gynecological tumor. Previous studies have reported that metabolic alterations resulting from deregulated lipid metabolism promote ovarian cancer aggressiveness. Lipid metabolism involves the oxidation of fatty acids, which leads to energy generation or new lipid metabolite synthesis. The upregulation of fatty acid synthesis and related signaling promote tumor cell proliferation and migration, and, consequently, lead to poor prognosis. Fatty acid-mediated lipid metabolism in the tumor microenvironment (TME) modulates tumor cell immunity by regulating immune cells, including T cells, B cells, macrophages, and natural killer cells, which play essential roles in ovarian cancer cell survival. Here, the types and sources of fatty acids and their interactions with the TME of ovarian cancer have been reviewed. Additionally, this review focuses on the role of fatty acid metabolism in tumor immunity and suggests that fatty acid and related lipid metabolic pathways are potential therapeutic targets for ovarian cancer.
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11
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Complex Alterations of Fatty Acid Metabolism and Phospholipidome Uncovered in Isolated Colon Cancer Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136650. [PMID: 34206240 PMCID: PMC8268957 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of colon cancer, one of the most common malignancies, is accompanied with numerous lipid alterations. However, analyses of whole tumor samples may not always provide an accurate description of specific changes occurring directly in tumor epithelial cells. Here, we analyzed in detail the phospholipid (PL), lysophospholipid (lysoPL), and fatty acid (FA) profiles of purified EpCAM+ cells, isolated from tumor and adjacent non-tumor tissues of colon cancer patients. We found that a number of FAs increased significantly in isolated tumor cells, which also included a number of long polyunsaturated FAs. Higher levels of FAs were associated with increased expression of FA synthesis genes, as well as with altered expression of enzymes involved in FA elongation and desaturation, including particularly fatty acid synthase, stearoyl-CoA desaturase, fatty acid desaturase 2 and ELOVL5 fatty acid elongase 5 We identified significant changes in ratios of specific lysoPLs and corresponding PLs. A number of lysophosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylethanolamine species, containing long-chain and very-long chain FAs, often with high numbers of double bonds, were significantly upregulated in tumor cells. Increased de novo synthesis of very long-chain FAs, or, altered uptake or incorporation of these FAs into specific lysoPLs in tumor cells, may thus contribute to reprogramming of cellular phospholipidome and membrane alterations observed in colon cancer.
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Asiry S, Kim G, Filippou PS, Sanchez LR, Entenberg D, Marks DK, Oktay MH, Karagiannis GS. The Cancer Cell Dissemination Machinery as an Immunosuppressive Niche: A New Obstacle Towards the Era of Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:654877. [PMID: 33927723 PMCID: PMC8076861 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.654877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although cancer immunotherapy has resulted in unpreceded survival benefits to subsets of oncology patients, accumulating evidence from preclinical animal models suggests that the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment remains a detrimental factor limiting benefit for many patient subgroups. Recent efforts on lymphocyte-mediated immunotherapies are primarily focused on eliminating cancer foci at primary and metastatic sites, but few studies have investigated the impact of these therapies on the highly complex process of cancer cell dissemination. The metastatic cascade involves the directional streaming of invasive/migratory tumor cells toward specialized blood vessel intravasation gateways, called TMEM doorways, to the peripheral circulation. Importantly, this process occurs under the auspices of a specialized tumor microenvironment, herewith referred to as "Dissemination Trajectory", which is supported by an ample array of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), skewed towards an M2-like polarization spectrum, and which is also vital for providing microenvironmental cues for cancer cell invasion, migration and stemness. Based on pre-existing evidence from preclinical animal models, this article outlines the hypothesis that dissemination trajectories do not only support the metastatic cascade, but also embody immunosuppressive niches, capable of providing transient and localized immunosubversion cues to the migratory/invasive cancer cell subpopulation while in the act of departing from a primary tumor. So long as these dissemination trajectories function as "immune deserts", the migratory tumor cell subpopulation remains efficient in evading immunological destruction and seeding metastatic sites, despite administration of cancer immunotherapy and/or other cytotoxic treatments. A deeper understanding of the molecular and cellular composition, as well as the signaling circuitries governing the function of these dissemination trajectories will further our overall understanding on TAM-mediated immunosuppression and will be paramount for the development of new therapeutic strategies for the advancement of optimal cancer chemotherapies, immunotherapies, and targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Asiry
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Gina Kim
- Department of Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Panagiota S. Filippou
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
- National Horizons Centre, Teesside University, Darlington, United Kingdom
| | - Luis Rivera Sanchez
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, United States
| | - David Entenberg
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, United States
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, United States
- Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Douglas K. Marks
- Department of Medicine, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, United States
| | - Maja H. Oktay
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, United States
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, United States
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, United States
- Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, United States
| | - George S. Karagiannis
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, United States
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, United States
- Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, United States
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13
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Ji Z, Shen Y, Feng X, Kong Y, Shao Y, Meng J, Zhang X, Yang G. Deregulation of Lipid Metabolism: The Critical Factors in Ovarian Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:593017. [PMID: 33194756 PMCID: PMC7604390 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.593017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the most malignant gynecological cancers around the world. In spite of multiple treatment options, the five-year survival rate is still very low. Several metabolism alterations are described as a hallmark in cancers, but alterations of lipid metabolism in ovarian cancer have been paid less attention. To explore new markers/targets for accurate diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic treatments based on metabolic enzyme inhibitors, here, we reviewed available literature and summarized several key metabolic enzymes in lipid metabolism of ovarian cancer. In this review, the rate limiting enzymes associated with fatty acid synthesis (FASN, ACC, ACLY, SCD), the lipid degradation related enzymes (MAGL, CPT, 5-LO, COX2), and the receptors related to lipid uptake (FABP4, CD36, LDLR), which promote the development of ovarian cancer, were analyzed and evaluated. We also focused on the review of application of current metabolic enzyme inhibitors for the treatment of ovarian cancer through which the potential therapeutic agents may be developed for ovarian cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaodong Ji
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, Nantong Health College of Jiangsu Province, Nantong, China
| | - Xu Feng
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Kong
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Shao
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiao Meng
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gong Yang
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Central Laboratory, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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14
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Winarno GNA, Hidayat Y, Soetopo S, Krisnadi SR, Tobing MDL, Rauf S. Higher Level of Fatty Acid Synthase Enzyme Predicts Lower Rate of Completing Debulking Surgery in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:2859-2863. [PMID: 33112541 PMCID: PMC7798157 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.10.2859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The most dominant histopathologic type of ovarian cancer is epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Primary debulking surgery determines the treatment success and prognosis of advanced stage EOC. To maintain survival and progression, cancer cells need fatty acid synthase enzyme (FASN). The aim of this study was to evaluate preoperative serum FASN and CA 125 as predictors of primary debulking surgery results in patients with EOC. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was performed on consecutive patients who underwent debulking surgery for suspected ovarian cancer at Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung from 2017 to 2019. Before debulking surgery, blood samples were examined for the serum levels of FASN and CA 125 using ELISA. Results: There were 53 patients enrolled in this study. Compared with the optimal debulking surgery group, the significant suboptimal debulking surgery group had significantly lower mean serum levels of FASN (0.46 ± 0.144 vs. 0.36 ± 0.128, p = 0.012) and CA 125 (964.22 ± 1722.5 vs. 264.98 ± 251.8, p = 0.002). The cutoff value was highest for the combination of FASN and CA 125 [410.06, area under the curve (AUC) = 77.5% (95% CI 65.5% to 81.9%, p = 0.001)] than for FASN alone [0.375, AUC = 71.3% (95% CI 56.8% to 85.8%, p = 0.009)] and CA 125 alone [222.5, AUC = 75.3% (95% CI 62.5% to 88.1%, p =0.002)]. Conclusion: The serum levelof FASN was correlated with suboptimal debulking surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yudi Hidayat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Setiawan Soetopo
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Sofie Rifayani Krisnadi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia
| | | | - Syahrul Rauf
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makasar, Indonesia
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15
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Nallanthighal S, Rada M, Heiserman JP, Cha J, Sage J, Zhou B, Yang W, Hu Y, Korgaonkar C, Hanos CT, Ashkavand Z, Norman K, Orsulic S, Cheon DJ. Inhibition of collagen XI alpha 1-induced fatty acid oxidation triggers apoptotic cell death in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:258. [PMID: 32312965 PMCID: PMC7171147 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2442-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Collagen type XI alpha 1 (COL11A1) is a novel biomarker associated with cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer. However, the mechanisms underlying how COL11A1 confers cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer are poorly understood. We identified that fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) is upregulated by COL11A1 in ovarian cancer cells and that COL11A1-driven cisplatin resistance can be abrogated by inhibition of FAO. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that COL11A1 also enhances the expression of proteins involved in fatty acid synthesis. Interestingly, COL11A1-induced upregulation of fatty acid synthesis and FAO is modulated by the same signaling molecules. We identified that binding of COL11A1 to its receptors, α1β1 integrin and discoidin domain receptor 2 (DDR2), activates Src-Akt-AMPK signaling to increase the expression of both fatty acid synthesis and oxidation enzymes, although DDR2 seems to be the predominant receptor. Inhibition of fatty acid synthesis downregulates FAO despite the presence of COL11A1, suggesting that fatty acid synthesis might be a driver of FAO in ovarian cancer cells. Taken together, our results suggest that COL11A1 upregulates fatty acid metabolism in ovarian cancer cells in a DDR2-Src-Akt-AMPK dependent manner. Therefore, we propose that blocking FAO might serve as a promising therapeutic target to treat ovarian cancer, particularly cisplatin-resistant recurrent ovarian cancers which typically express high levels of COL11A1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameera Nallanthighal
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Miran Rada
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - James Patrick Heiserman
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Jennifer Cha
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Jessica Sage
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Bo Zhou
- Cancer Biology Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Wei Yang
- Cancer Biology Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Ye Hu
- Women's Cancer Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedar-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Chaitali Korgaonkar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | | | - Zahra Ashkavand
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Kenneth Norman
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Sandra Orsulic
- Women's Cancer Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedar-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Dong-Joo Cheon
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA.
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16
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Zhao J, Zhang X, Gao T, Wang S, Hou Y, Yuan P, Yang Y, Yang T, Xing J, Li J, Liu S. SIK2 enhances synthesis of fatty acid and cholesterol in ovarian cancer cells and tumor growth through PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:25. [PMID: 31932581 PMCID: PMC6957524 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2221-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Salt-inducible kinase 2 (SIK2) has been established as a regulator of diverse biological processes including cell metabolism. A recent study has reported that SIK2 is required for adipocyte-induced ovarian cancer (OC) survival through facilitating fatty acid oxidation. However, whether SIK2 also plays a role in the lipid synthesis in OC cells remains elusive. Here, we showed that SIK2 significantly promoted the lipid synthesis in OC cells. On the one hand, SIK2 enhanced fatty acid synthesis through upregulating the expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP1c) and thus the transcription of major lipogenic enzyme FASN. On the other hand, SIK2 promoted cholesterol synthesis through upregulating the expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein 2 (SREBP2) and thus the transcription of major cholesterol synthesis enzymes HMGCR. Moreover, PI3K/Akt signaling pathway was found to be involved in the upregulation of SREBP1c and SREBP2 in OC cells. Moreover, in vitro and in vivo assays indicated that the SIK2-regulated fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis played a critical role in the growth of OC cells. Our findings demonstrate that SIK2 is a critical regulator of lipid synthesis in OC cells and thus promotes OC growth, which provides a strong line of evidence for this molecule to be used as a therapeutic target in the treatment of this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Tian Gao
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Shanci Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastorenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiran Hou
- Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, 716000, China
| | - Peng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
- Department of Pain Treatment, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Pain Treatment, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Pain Treatment, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, China
| | - Jinliang Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Jibin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
| | - Shujuan Liu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
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17
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Kouba S, Ouldamer L, Garcia C, Fontaine D, Chantome A, Vandier C, Goupille C, Potier-Cartereau M. Lipid metabolism and Calcium signaling in epithelial ovarian cancer. Cell Calcium 2019; 81:38-50. [PMID: 31200184 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial Ovarian cancer (EOC) is the deadliest gynecologic malignancy and represents the fifth leading cause of all cancer-related deaths in women. The majority of patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage of the disease that has spread beyond the ovaries to the peritoneum or to distant organs (stage FIGO III-IV) with a 5-year overall survival of about 29%. Consequently, it is necessary to understand the pathogenesis of this disease. Among the factors that contribute to cancer development, lipids and ion channels have been described to be associated to cancerous diseases particularly in breast, colorectal and prostate cancers. Here, we reviewed the literature data to determine how lipids or lipid metabolites may influence EOC risk or progression. We also highlighted the role and the expression of the calcium (Ca2+) and calcium-activated potassium (KCa) channels in EOC and how lipids might regulate them. Although lipids and some subclasses of nutritional lipids may be associated to EOC risk, lipid metabolism of LPA (lysophosphatidic acid) and AA (arachidonic acid) emerges as an important signaling network in EOC. Clinical data showed that they are found at high concentrations in EOC patients and in vitro and in vivo studies referred to them as triggers of the Ca2+entry in the cancer cells inducing their proliferation, migration or drug resistance. The cross-talk between lipid mediators and Ca2+ and/or KCa channels needs to be elucidated in EOC in order to facilitate the understanding of its outcomes and potentially suggest novel therapeutic strategies including treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Kouba
- Université de Tours, INSERM, N2C UMR 1069, Faculté de Médecine, Tours, France; Réseau Molécules Marines, Métabolisme et Cancer du Cancéropôle Grand Ouest, France
| | - Lobna Ouldamer
- Université de Tours, INSERM, N2C UMR 1069, Faculté de Médecine, Tours, France; Université de Tours, INSERM, N2C UMR 1069, CHRU de Tours, Service de gynécologie et d'obstétrique, Tours, France
| | - Céline Garcia
- Université de Tours, INSERM, N2C UMR 1069, Faculté de Médecine, Tours, France; Réseau Molécules Marines, Métabolisme et Cancer du Cancéropôle Grand Ouest, France
| | - Delphine Fontaine
- Université de Tours, INSERM, N2C UMR 1069, Faculté de Médecine, Tours, France; Réseau Molécules Marines, Métabolisme et Cancer du Cancéropôle Grand Ouest, France
| | - Aurélie Chantome
- Réseau Molécules Marines, Métabolisme et Cancer du Cancéropôle Grand Ouest, France; Université de Tours, INSERM, N2C UMR 1069, Faculté de Pharmacie, Tours, France
| | - Christophe Vandier
- Université de Tours, INSERM, N2C UMR 1069, Faculté de Médecine, Tours, France; Réseau Molécules Marines, Métabolisme et Cancer du Cancéropôle Grand Ouest, France
| | - Caroline Goupille
- Réseau CASTOR du Cancéropôle Grand Ouest, France; Université de Tours, INSERM, N2C UMR 1069, CHRU de Tours, Faculté de Médecine, Tours, France
| | - Marie Potier-Cartereau
- Université de Tours, INSERM, N2C UMR 1069, Faculté de Médecine, Tours, France; Réseau Molécules Marines, Métabolisme et Cancer du Cancéropôle Grand Ouest, France.
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18
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Wang X, Ji C, Zhang H, Shan Y, Ren Y, Hu Y, Shi L, Guo L, Zhu W, Xia Y, Liu B, Rong Z, Wu B, Ming Z, Ren X, Song J, Yang J, Zhang Y. Identification of a small-molecule compound that inhibits homodimerization of oncogenic NAC1 protein and sensitizes cancer cells to anticancer agents. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:10006-10017. [PMID: 31101655 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.007664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleus accumbens-associated protein-1 (NAC1) is a transcriptional repressor encoded by the NACC1 gene, which is amplified and overexpressed in various human cancers and plays critical roles in tumor development, progression, and drug resistance. NAC1 has therefore been explored as a potential therapeutic target for managing malignant tumors. However, effective approaches for effective targeting of this nuclear protein remain elusive. In this study, we identified a core unit consisting of Met7 and Leu90 in NAC1's N-terminal domain (amino acids 1-130), which is critical for its homodimerization and stability. Furthermore, using a combination of computational analysis of the NAC1 dimerization interface and high-throughput screening (HTS) for small molecules that inhibit NAC1 homodimerization, we identified a compound (NIC3) that selectively binds to the conserved Leu-90 of NAC1 and prevents its homodimerization, leading to proteasomal NAC1 degradation. Moreover, we demonstrate that NIC3-mediated down-regulation of NAC1 protein sensitizes drug-resistant tumor cells to conventional chemotherapy and enhances the antimetastatic effect of the antiangiogenic agent bevacizumab both in vitro and in vivo These results suggest that small-molecule inhibitors of NAC1 homodimerization may effectively sensitize cancer cells to some anticancer agents and that NAC1 homodimerization could be further explored as a potential therapeutic target in the development of antineoplastic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiaoHui Wang
- From the Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 215123 Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cheng Ji
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, 215000 Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - HongHan Zhang
- From the Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 215123 Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Shan
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Science, 210014 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - YiJie Ren
- From the Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 215123 Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - YanWei Hu
- From the Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 215123 Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - LiangRong Shi
- Radiological Intervention Center, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410013 Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - LingChuan Guo
- From the Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 215123 Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - WeiDong Zhu
- From the Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 215123 Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - YuJuan Xia
- From the Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 215123 Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - BeiJia Liu
- From the Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 215123 Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - ZiYun Rong
- From the Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 215123 Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - BiLian Wu
- From the Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 215123 Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - ZhiJun Ming
- From the Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 215123 Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - XingCong Ren
- Department of Cancer Biology and Toxicology, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky 40506
| | - JianXun Song
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, Texas 77843, and
| | - JinMing Yang
- Department of Cancer Biology and Toxicology, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky 40506
| | - Yi Zhang
- From the Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 215123 Suzhou, Jiangsu, China,
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19
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Zhou X, Chang TL, Chen S, Liu T, Wang H, Liang JF. Polydopamine-Decorated Orlistat-Loaded Hollow Capsules with an Enhanced Cytotoxicity against Cancer Cell Lines. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:2511-2521. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaqing Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Charles V. Schaefer School of Engineering and Sciences, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States
| | - Tzu-Lan Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Charles V. Schaefer School of Engineering and Sciences, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States
| | - Shuang Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Charles V. Schaefer School of Engineering and Sciences, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States
| | - Tianchi Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Charles V. Schaefer School of Engineering and Sciences, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States
| | - Haoyu Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Charles V. Schaefer School of Engineering and Sciences, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States
| | - Jun F. Liang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Charles V. Schaefer School of Engineering and Sciences, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States
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20
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Jiang L, Fang X, Wang H, Li D, Wang X. Ovarian Cancer-Intrinsic Fatty Acid Synthase Prevents Anti-tumor Immunity by Disrupting Tumor-Infiltrating Dendritic Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2927. [PMID: 30619288 PMCID: PMC6302125 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid synthase (FASN), the key metabolic enzyme of de novo lipogenesis, provides proliferative and metastatic capacity directly to cancer cells have been described. However, the impact of aberrant activation of this lipogenic enzyme on host anti-tumor immune milieu remains unknown. In this study, we depicted that elevated FASN expression presented in ovarian cancer with more advanced clinical phenotype and correlated with the immunosuppressive status, which characterized by the lower number and dysfunction of infiltrating T cells. Notably, in a mouse model, we showed that tumor cell-intrinsic FASN drove ovarian cancer (OvCa) progression by blunting anti-tumor immunity. Dendritic cells (DCs) are required to initiate and sustain T cell-dependent anti-tumor immunity. Here, our data showed that constitutive activation of FASN in ovarian cancer cell lead to abnormal lipid accumulation and subsequent inhibition of tumor-infiltrating DCs (TIDCs) capacity to support anti-tumor T cells. Mechanistically, FASN activation in ovarian cancer cell-induced the resulting increase of lipids present at high concentrations in the tumor microenvironment. Dendritic cells educated by FASNhigh OvCa ascites are defective in their ability to present antigens and prime T cells. Accordingly, inhibiting FASN by FASN inhibitor can partly restore the immunostimulatory activity of TIDCs and extended tumor control by evoking protective anti-tumor immune responses. Therefore, our data provide a mechanism by which ovarian cancer-intrinsic FASN oncogenic pathway induce the impaired anti-tumor immune response through lipid accumulation in TIDCs and subsequently T-cells exclusion and dysfunction. These results could further indicate that targeting the FASN oncogenic pathway concomitantly enhance anti-tumor immunity, thus offering a unique approach to ovarian cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jiang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuhong Fang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Diyou Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xipeng Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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One-Carbon Metabolism: Biological Players in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19072092. [PMID: 30029471 PMCID: PMC6073728 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolism is deeply involved in cell behavior and homeostasis maintenance, with metabolites acting as molecular intermediates to modulate cellular functions. In particular, one-carbon metabolism is a key biochemical pathway necessary to provide carbon units required for critical processes, including nucleotide biosynthesis, epigenetic methylation, and cell redox-status regulation. It is, therefore, not surprising that alterations in this pathway may acquire fundamental importance in cancer onset and progression. Two of the major actors in one-carbon metabolism, folate and choline, play a key role in the pathobiology of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), the deadliest gynecological malignancy. EOC is characterized by a cholinic phenotype sustained via increased activity of choline kinase alpha, and via membrane overexpression of the alpha isoform of the folate receptor (FRα), both of which are known to contribute to generating regulatory signals that support EOC cell aggressiveness and proliferation. Here, we describe in detail the main biological processes associated with one-carbon metabolism, and the current knowledge about its role in EOC. Moreover, since the cholinic phenotype and FRα overexpression are unique properties of tumor cells, but not of normal cells, they can be considered attractive targets for the development of therapeutic approaches.
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22
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Schcolnik-Cabrera A, Chávez-Blanco A, Domínguez-Gómez G, Taja-Chayeb L, Morales-Barcenas R, Trejo-Becerril C, Perez-Cardenas E, Gonzalez-Fierro A, Dueñas-González A. Orlistat as a FASN inhibitor and multitargeted agent for cancer therapy. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2018; 27:475-489. [PMID: 29723075 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2018.1471132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer cells have increased glycolysis and glutaminolysis. Their third feature is increased de novo lipogenesis. As such, fatty acid (FA) synthesis enzymes are over-expressed in cancer and their depletion causes antitumor effects. As fatty acid synthase (FASN) plays a pivotal role in this process, it is an attractive target for cancer therapy. AREAS COVERED This is a review of the lipogenic phenotype of cancer and how this phenomenon can be exploited for cancer therapy using inhibitors of FASN, with particular emphasis on orlistat as a repurposing drug. EXPERT OPINION Disease stabilization only has been observed with a highly selective FASN inhibitor used as a single agent in clinical trials. It is too early to say whether the absence of tumor responses other than stabilization results because even full inhibition of FASN is not enough to elicit antitumor responses. The FASN inhibitor orlistat is a 'dirty' drug with target-off actions upon at least seven targets with a proven role in tumor biology. The development of orlistat formulations suited for its intravenous administration is a step ahead to shed light on the concept that drug promiscuity can or not be a virtue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alma Chávez-Blanco
- a Division of Basic Research , Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia , Mexico City , Mexico
| | | | - Lucia Taja-Chayeb
- a Division of Basic Research , Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Rocio Morales-Barcenas
- a Division of Basic Research , Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia , Mexico City , Mexico
| | | | - Enrique Perez-Cardenas
- a Division of Basic Research , Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Aurora Gonzalez-Fierro
- a Division of Basic Research , Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Alfonso Dueñas-González
- b Unit of Biomedical Research in Cancer , Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas, UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia , Mexico City , Mexico
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23
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Medina FE, Neves RPP, Ramos MJ, Fernandes PA. A QM/MM study of the reaction mechanism of human β-ketoacyl reductase. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:347-355. [PMID: 27905606 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp07014k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Human fatty acid synthase (hFAS) is a multifunctional enzyme involved in a wide diversity of biological functions. For instance, it is a precursor of phospholipids and other complex processes such as the de novo synthesis of long chain fatty acid. Human FAS is also a component of biological membranes and it is implicated in the overexpression of several types of cancers. In this work, we describe the catalytic mechanism of β-ketoreductase (KR), which is a catalytic domain of the hFAS enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of β-ketoacyl to β-hydroxyacyl with the concomitant oxidation of the NADPH cofactor. The catalysis by KR is an intermediate step in the cycle of reactions that elongate the substrate's carbon chain until the final product is obtained. We study and propose the catalytic mechanism of the KR domain determined using the hybrid QM/MM methodology, at the ONIOM(B3LYP/6-311+G(2d,2p):AMBER) level of theory. The results indicate that the reaction mechanism occurs in two stages: (i) nucleophilic attack by a NADPH hydride to the β-carbon of the substrate, together with an asynchronous deprotonation of the Tyr2034 by the oxygen of the β-alkoxide to hold the final alcohol product; and (ii) an asynchronous deprotonation of the hydroxyl in the NADP+'s ribose by Tyr2034, and of the Lys1995 by the resulting alkoxide in the former ribose to restore the protonation state of Tyr2034. The reduction step occurs with a Gibbs energy barrier of 11.7 kcal mol-1 and a Gibbs reaction energy of -10.6 kcal mol-1. These results have provided an understanding of the catalytic mechanism of the KR hFAS domain, a piece of the heavy hFAS biosynthetic machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola E Medina
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rui P P Neves
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Maria J Ramos
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Pedro A Fernandes
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
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24
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Ren YJ, Wang XH, Ji C, Guan YD, Lu XJ, Liu XR, Zhang HH, Guo LC, Xu QH, Zhu WD, Ming ZJ, Yang JM, Cheng Y, Zhang Y. Silencing of NAC1 Expression Induces Cancer Cells Oxidative Stress in Hypoxia and Potentiates the Therapeutic Activity of Elesclomol. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:804. [PMID: 29163184 PMCID: PMC5681923 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to survive under conditions of low oxygen, cancer cells can undergo a metabolic switch to glycolysis and suppress mitochondrial respiration in order to reduce oxygen consumption and prevent excessive amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Nucleus accumbens-1 (NAC1), a nuclear protein of the BTB/POZ gene family, has pivotal roles in cancer development. Here, we identified that NAC1-PDK3 axis as necessary for suppression of mitochondrial function, oxygen consumption, and more harmful ROS generation and protects cancer cells from apoptosis in hypoxia. We show that NAC1 mediates suppression of mitochondrial function in hypoxia through inducing expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 3 (PDK3) by HIF-1α at the transcriptional level, thereby inactivating pyruvate dehydrogenase and attenuating mitochondrial respiration. Re-expression of PDK3 in NAC1 absent cells rescued cells from hypoxia-induced metabolic stress and restored the activity of glycolysis in a xenograft mouse model, and demonstrated that silencing of NAC1 expression can enhance the antitumor efficacy of elesclomol, a pro-oxidative agent. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism by which NAC1 facilitates oxidative stress resistance during cancer progression, and chemo-resistance in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jie Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Cheng Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yi-Di Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xian-Jiu Lu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xian-Rong Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Hong-Han Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ling-Chuan Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qiong-Hua Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei-Dong Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Ming
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jin-Ming Yang
- Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Yan Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Menendez JA, Lupu R. Fatty acid synthase (FASN) as a therapeutic target in breast cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2017; 21:1001-1016. [PMID: 28922023 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2017.1381087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ten years ago, we put forward the metabolo-oncogenic nature of fatty acid synthase (FASN) in breast cancer. Since the conception of this hypothesis, which provided a model to explain how FASN is intertwined with various signaling networks to cell-autonomously regulate breast cancer initiation and progression, FASN has received considerable attention as a therapeutic target. However, despite the ever-growing evidence demonstrating the involvement of FASN as part of the cancer-associated metabolic reprogramming, translation of the basic science-discovery aspects of FASN blockade to the clinical arena remains a challenge. Areas covered: Ten years later, we herein review the preclinical lessons learned from the pharmaceutical liabilities of the first generation of FASN inhibitors. We provide an updated view of the current development and clinical testing of next generation FASN-targeted drugs. We also discuss new clinico-molecular approaches that should help us to convert roadblocks into roadways that will propel forward our therapeutic understanding of FASN. Expert opinion: With the recent demonstration of target engagement and early signs of clinical activity with the first orally available, selective, potent and reversible FASN inhibitor, we can expect Big pharma to revitalize their interest in lipogenic enzymes as well-credentialed targets for oncology drug development in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier A Menendez
- a ProCURE (Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance) , Metabolism & Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology , Girona , Spain.,b Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI) , Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià , Girona , Spain
| | - Ruth Lupu
- c Department of Medicine and Experimental Pathology , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA.,d Mayo Clinic Cancer Center , Rochester , MN , USA
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Buckley D, Duke G, Heuer TS, O'Farrell M, Wagman AS, McCulloch W, Kemble G. Fatty acid synthase – Modern tumor cell biology insights into a classical oncology target. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 177:23-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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27
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Lu C, Ma J, Cai D. Increased HAGLR expression promotes non-small cell lung cancer proliferation and invasion via enhanced de novo lipogenesis. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317697574. [PMID: 28443464 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317697574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancers are broadly classified into small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer, with non-small cell lung cancer one of the leading causes of cancer-associated deaths worldwide. Presently, the mechanisms underlying lung tumorigenesis remain incompletely understood. Accumulating evidence indicates that abnormal expression of long non-coding RNAs is associated with tumorigenesis in multiple cancers, including lung cancer. HAGLR messenger RNA of non-small cell lung cancer tissues was significantly higher. Moreover, high levels of HAGLR expression were associated with non-small cell lung cancer tumor lymph node metastasis status, stage, and poor overall survival. Inhibition of HAGLR in non-small cell lung cancer cells suppressed cell proliferation and invasion. RNA interference-mediated downregulation of HAGLR also decreased levels of fatty acid synthase, with fatty acid synthase levels positively correlated with HAGLR expression in non-small cell lung cancer specimens. In addition, the cellular free fatty acid content of cancer cells was decreased following HAGLR knockdown. HAGLR depletion significantly inhibited the growth of non-small cell lung cancer cells in vivo. Furthermore, the expression levels of p21 and matrix metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9) were dysregulated when HAGLR expression was suppressed. Our results suggest that HAGLR is an important regulator of non-small cell lung cancer cell proliferation and invasion, perhaps by regulating fatty acid synthase. Therefore, targeting HAGLR may be a possible therapeutic strategy for non-small cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunwei Lu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dingfang Cai
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Zhang Y, Ren YJ, Guo LC, Ji C, Hu J, Zhang HH, Xu QH, Zhu WD, Ming ZJ, Yuan YS, Ren X, Song J, Yang JM. Nucleus accumbens-associated protein-1 promotes glycolysis and survival of hypoxic tumor cells via the HDAC4-HIF-1α axis. Oncogene 2017; 36:4171-4181. [PMID: 28319066 PMCID: PMC5537617 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Nucleus accumbens-associated protein-1 (NAC1), a nuclear factor of the BTB/POZ gene family, has emerging roles in cancer. In this study, we identified the NAC1-HDAC4-HIF-1α axis as an important pathway in regulating glycolysis and hypoxic adaptation in tumor cells. We show that nuclear NAC1 binds to histone deacetylase type 4 (HDAC4), hindering phosphorylation of HDAC4 at Ser246 and preventing its nuclear export that leads to cytoplasmic degradation of the deacetylase. Accumulation of HDAC4 in the nuclei results in an attenuation of HIF-1α acetylation, enhancing the stabilization and transcriptional activity of HIF-1α and strengthening adaptive response of cells to hypoxia. We also show the role of NAC1 in promoting glycolysis in a mouse xenograft model, and demonstrate that knockdown of NAC1 expression can reinforce the antitumor efficacy of bevacizumab, an inhibitor of angiogenesis. Clinical implication of the NAC1-HDAC4-HIF-1α pathway is suggested by the results showing that expression levels of these proteins are significantly correlative in human tumor specimens and associated with the disease progression. This study not only reveals an important function of NAC1 in regulating glycolysis, but also identifies the NAC1-HDAC4-HIF-1α axis as a novel molecular pathway that promotes survival of hypoxic tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Y-J Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - L-C Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - C Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - J Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - H-H Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Q-H Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - W-D Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Z-J Ming
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Y-S Yuan
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - X Ren
- Department of Pharmacology and Microbiology and Immunology, The Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - J Song
- Department of Pharmacology and Microbiology and Immunology, The Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - J-M Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Microbiology and Immunology, The Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
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Anderson KG, Stromnes IM, Greenberg PD. Obstacles Posed by the Tumor Microenvironment to T cell Activity: A Case for Synergistic Therapies. Cancer Cell 2017; 31:311-325. [PMID: 28292435 PMCID: PMC5423788 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 467] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
T cell dysfunction in solid tumors results from multiple mechanisms. Altered signaling pathways in tumor cells help produce a suppressive tumor microenvironment enriched for inhibitory cells, posing a major obstacle for cancer immunity. Metabolic constraints to cell function and survival shape tumor progression and immune cell function. In the face of persistent antigen, chronic T cell receptor signaling drives T lymphocytes to a functionally exhausted state. Here we discuss how the tumor and its microenvironment influences T cell trafficking and function with a focus on melanoma, and pancreatic and ovarian cancer, and discuss how scientific advances may help overcome these hurdles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin G Anderson
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Mail Stop D3-100, P.O. Box 19024, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Departments of Medicine/Oncology and Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Ingunn M Stromnes
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Mail Stop D3-100, P.O. Box 19024, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | - Philip D Greenberg
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Mail Stop D3-100, P.O. Box 19024, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Departments of Medicine/Oncology and Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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30
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Heuer TS, Ventura R, Mordec K, Lai J, Fridlib M, Buckley D, Kemble G. FASN Inhibition and Taxane Treatment Combine to Enhance Anti-tumor Efficacy in Diverse Xenograft Tumor Models through Disruption of Tubulin Palmitoylation and Microtubule Organization and FASN Inhibition-Mediated Effects on Oncogenic Signaling and Gene Expression. EBioMedicine 2016; 16:51-62. [PMID: 28159572 PMCID: PMC5474427 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Palmitate, the enzymatic product of FASN, and palmitate-derived lipids support cell metabolism, membrane architecture, protein localization, and intracellular signaling. Tubulins are among many proteins that are modified post-translationally by acylation with palmitate. We show that FASN inhibition with TVB-3166 or TVB-3664 significantly reduces tubulin palmitoylation and mRNA expression. Disrupted microtubule organization in tumor cells is an additional consequence of FASN inhibition. FASN inhibition combined with taxane treatment enhances inhibition of in vitro tumor cell growth compared to treatment with either agent alone. In lung, ovarian, prostate, and pancreatic tumor xenograft studies, FASN inhibition and paclitaxel or docetaxel combine to inhibit xenograft tumor growth with significantly enhanced anti-tumor activity. Tumor regression was observed in 3 of 6 tumor xenograft models. FASN inhibition does not affect cellular taxane concentration in vitro. Our data suggest a mechanism of enhanced anti-tumor activity of the FASN and taxane drug combination that includes inhibition of tubulin palmitoylation and disruption of microtubule organization in tumor cells, as well as a sensitization of tumor cells to FASN inhibition-mediated effects that include gene expression changes and inhibition of β-catenin. Together, the results strongly support investigation of combined FASN inhibition and taxane treatment as a therapy for a variety of human cancers. FASN inhibition decreases tubulin palmitoylation and disrupts microtubules in tumor cells but not non-tumor cells Combined FASN inhibition and taxane treatment increases inhibition of in vitro tumor cell colony growth FASN inhibition does not affect intracellular paclitaxel concentrations Combined FASN inhibition and taxane treatment significantly increases inhibition of tumor growth or causes regression of diverse xenograft tumors Taxane treatment sensitizes xenograft tumors to FASN inhibition-mediated beta-catenin blockade and gene expression changes
Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is a vital enzyme in tumor cell biology; the over-expression of FASN is associated with diminished patient prognosis and resistance to many cancer therapies. Our data demonstrate that selective and potent FASN inhibition combines with taxane treatment to enhance tumor growth inhibition and induce tumor regression in varied preclinical tumor models. Mechanism-of-action studies indicate that the increased activity of the combination results from the effects of both drugs. The results support clinical investigation of combined FASN inhibition and taxane treatment as an anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Julie Lai
- 3-V Biosciences, Menlo Park, CA, USA
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31
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Matsuura K, Canfield K, Feng W, Kurokawa M. Metabolic Regulation of Apoptosis in Cancer. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 327:43-87. [PMID: 27692180 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a cellular suicide program that plays a critical role in development and human diseases, including cancer. Cancer cells evade apoptosis, thereby enabling excessive proliferation, survival under hypoxic conditions, and acquired resistance to therapeutic agents. Among various mechanisms that contribute to the evasion of apoptosis in cancer, metabolism is emerging as one of the key factors. Cellular metabolites can regulate functions of pro- and antiapoptotic proteins. In turn, p53, a regulator of apoptosis, also controls metabolism by limiting glycolysis and facilitating mitochondrial respiration. Consequently, with dysregulated metabolism and p53 inactivation, cancer cells are well-equipped to disable the apoptotic machinery. In this article, we review how cellular apoptosis is regulated and how metabolism can influence the signaling pathways leading to apoptosis, especially focusing on how glucose and lipid metabolism are altered in cancer cells and how these alterations can impact the apoptotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Matsuura
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - K Canfield
- Department of Molecular & Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - W Feng
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - M Kurokawa
- Department of Molecular & Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States; Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH, United States.
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Zhao M, Li H, Bu X, Lei C, Fang Q, Hu Z. Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Cellular Resistance to the Nanoparticle Abraxane. ACS NANO 2015; 9:10099-10112. [PMID: 26324059 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b03677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Abraxane, an FDA-approved albumin-bound nanoparticle (NP) form of paclitaxel (PTX) to treat breast cancer and nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), has been demonstrated to be more effective than the original Taxol, the single molecule form. We have established a cell line from NSCLC A549 cells to be resistant to Abraxane. To further understand the molecular mechanisms involved in the NP drug resistance, global protein expression profiles of Abraxane sensitive (A549) and resistant cells (A549/Abr), along with the treatment of Abraxane, have been obtained by a quantitative proteomic approach. The most significantly differentially expressed proteins are associated with lipid metabolism, cell cycle, cytoskeleton, apoptosis pathways and processes, suggesting several mechanisms are working synergistically in A549 Abraxane-resistant cells. Overexpression of proteins in the lipid metabolism processes, such as E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF139 (RNF139) and Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase (HMGCS1), have not been reported previously in the study of paclitaxel resistance, suggesting possibly different mechanism between nanoparticle and single molecular drug resistance. In particular, RNF139 is one of the most up-regulated proteins in A549 Abraxane-resistant cell line, but remains no change when the resistant cells were further treated with Abraxane and down-regulated in the sensitive cells after 4 h treatment of Abraxane. This study shows the use of a proteomic strategy to understand the unique response of drug resistant cells to a nanoparticle therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minzhi Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Haiyun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiangli Bu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chunni Lei
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qiaojun Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhiyuan Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
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Ventura R, Mordec K, Waszczuk J, Wang Z, Lai J, Fridlib M, Buckley D, Kemble G, Heuer TS. Inhibition of de novo Palmitate Synthesis by Fatty Acid Synthase Induces Apoptosis in Tumor Cells by Remodeling Cell Membranes, Inhibiting Signaling Pathways, and Reprogramming Gene Expression. EBioMedicine 2015; 2:808-24. [PMID: 26425687 PMCID: PMC4563160 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of de novo palmitate synthesis via fatty acid synthase (FASN) inhibition provides an unproven approach to cancer therapy with a strong biological rationale. FASN expression increases with tumor progression and associates with chemoresistance, tumor metastasis, and diminished patient survival in numerous tumor types. TVB-3166, an orally-available, reversible, potent, and selective FASN inhibitor induces apoptosis, inhibits anchorage-independent cell growth under lipid-rich conditions, and inhibits in-vivo xenograft tumor growth. Dose-dependent effects are observed between 20–200 nM TVB-3166, which agrees with the IC50 in biochemical FASN and cellular palmitate synthesis assays. Mechanistic studies show that FASN inhibition disrupts lipid raft architecture, inhibits biological pathways such as lipid biosynthesis, PI3K–AKT–mTOR and β-catenin signal transduction, and inhibits expression of oncogenic effectors such as c-Myc; effects that are tumor-cell specific. Our results demonstrate that FASN inhibition has anti-tumor activities in biologically diverse preclinical tumor models and provide mechanistic and pharmacologic evidence that FASN inhibition presents a promising therapeutic strategy for treating a variety of cancers, including those expressing mutant K-Ras, ErbB2, c-Met, and PTEN. The reported findings inform ongoing studies to link mechanisms of action with defined tumor types and advance the discovery of biomarkers supporting development of FASN inhibitors as cancer therapeutics. Research in context Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is a vital enzyme in tumor cell biology; the over-expression of FASN is associated with diminished patient prognosis and resistance to many cancer therapies. Our data demonstrate that selective and potent FASN inhibition with TVB-3166 leads to selective death of tumor cells, without significant effect on normal cells, and inhibits in vivo xenograft tumor growth at well-tolerated doses. Candidate biomarkers for selecting tumors highly sensitive to FASN inhibition are identified. These preclinical data provide mechanistic and pharmacologic evidence that FASN inhibition presents a promising therapeutic strategy for treating a variety of cancers. TVB-3166 is an orally available, reversible, potent, and selective FASN inhibitor. TVB-3166 inhibition of FASN induces apoptosis in tumor cells but not normal cells. TVB-3166 inhibits in vivo xenograft tumor growth. Candidate biomarkers to select tumors sensitive to FASN inhibition are identified.
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Key Words
- Beta-catenin
- CRC, colorectal cancer
- DMEM, Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- FITC, fluorescein isothiocyanate
- Fatty acid synthase
- HUVEC, human umbilical vein endothelial cells
- Inhibitor
- KRAS
- LC–MS, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
- Lipid raft
- MEM, minimal essential media
- MYC
- NADPH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
- NSCLC, non-small-cell lung cancer
- PBS, phosphate buffered saline
- TGI, tumor growth inhibition
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Bauerschlag DO, Maass N, Leonhardt P, Verburg FA, Pecks U, Zeppernick F, Morgenroth A, Mottaghy FM, Tolba R, Meinhold-Heerlein I, Bräutigam K. Fatty acid synthase overexpression: target for therapy and reversal of chemoresistance in ovarian cancer. J Transl Med 2015; 13:146. [PMID: 25947066 PMCID: PMC4504229 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0511-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is crucial to de novo long-chain fatty acid synthesis, needed to meet cancer cells’ increased demands for membrane, energy, and protein production. Methods We investigated FASN overexpression as a therapeutic and chemosensitization target in ovarian cancer tissue, cell lines, and primary cell cultures. FASN expression at mRNA and protein levels was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry, respectively. FASN inhibition’s impact on cell viability, apoptosis, and fatty acid metabolism was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium-bromide assay, cell death detection enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunoblotting, and 18 F-fluoromethylcholine uptake measurement, respectively. Results Relative to that in healthy fallopian tube tissue, tumor tissues had 1.8-fold average FASN protein overexpression; cell lines and primary cultures had 11-fold–100-fold mRNA and protein overexpression. In most samples, the FASN inhibitor cerulenin markedly decreased FASN expression and cell viability and induced apoptosis. Unlike concomitant administration, sequential cerulenin/cisplatin treatment reduced cisplatin’s half maximal inhibitory concentration profoundly (up to 54%) in a cisplatin-resistant cell line, suggesting platinum (re)sensitization. Cisplatin-resistant cells displayed lower 18 F-fluoro-methylcholine uptake than did cisplatin-sensitive cells, suggesting that metabolic imaging might help guide therapy. Conclusions FASN inhibition induced apoptosis in chemosensitive and platinum-resistant ovarian cancer cells and may reverse cisplatin resistance. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-015-0511-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk O Bauerschlag
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Nicolai Maass
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Peter Leonhardt
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Frederik A Verburg
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Pecks
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Felix Zeppernick
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Agnieszka Morgenroth
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Felix M Mottaghy
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Rene Tolba
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, University Medical Center RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Ivo Meinhold-Heerlein
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Karen Bräutigam
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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Jiang L, Wang H, Li J, Fang X, Pan H, Yuan X, Zhang P. Up-regulated FASN expression promotes transcoelomic metastasis of ovarian cancer cell through epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:11539-54. [PMID: 24979135 PMCID: PMC4139798 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150711539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid synthase (FASN), responsible for the de novo synthesis of fatty acids, has been shown to act as an oncogene in various human cancers. However, the mechanisms by which FASN favors the progression of ovarian carcinoma remain unknown. In this study, we evaluated FASN expression in ovarian cancer and investigated how FASN regulates the aggressiveness of ovarian cancer cells. Our results show that increased FASN is associated with the peritoneal metastasis of ovarian cancers. Over-expression of FASN results in a significant increase of tumor burden in peritoneal dissemination, accompanied by augment in cellular colony formation and metastatic ability. Correspondingly, FASN knockdown using RNA interference in ovarian cancer cells inhibits the migration in vitro and experimental peritoneal dissemination in vivo. Mechanistic studies reveal that FASN promotes Epithelial-mesenchymal Transition (EMT) via a transcriptional regulation of E-cadherin and N-cadherin, which is also confirmed by luciferase promoter activity analysis. Taken together, our work demonstrates that FASN promotes the peritoneal dissemination of ovarian cancer cells, at least in part through the induction of EMT. These findings suggest that FASN plays a critical role in the peritoneal metastasis of ovarian cancer. Targeting de novo lipogenesis may have a therapeutic potential for advanced ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jiang
- Department of Gynecology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Jiarui Li
- Department of Gynecology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Xuhong Fang
- Department of Gynecology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Hong Pan
- Department of Gynecology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Xiangliang Yuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Rossato FA, Zecchin KG, La Guardia PG, Ortega RM, Alberici LC, Costa RAP, Catharino RR, Graner E, Castilho RF, Vercesi AE. Fatty acid synthase inhibitors induce apoptosis in non-tumorigenic melan-a cells associated with inhibition of mitochondrial respiration. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101060. [PMID: 24964211 PMCID: PMC4071076 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic enzyme fatty acid synthase (FASN) is responsible for the endogenous synthesis of palmitate, a saturated long-chain fatty acid. In contrast to most normal tissues, a variety of human cancers overexpress FASN. One such cancer is cutaneous melanoma, in which the level of FASN expression is associated with tumor invasion and poor prognosis. We previously reported that two FASN inhibitors, cerulenin and orlistat, induce apoptosis in B16-F10 mouse melanoma cells via the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. Here, we investigated the effects of these inhibitors on non-tumorigenic melan-a cells. Cerulenin and orlistat treatments were found to induce apoptosis and decrease cell proliferation, in addition to inducing the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c and activating caspases-9 and -3. Transfection with FASN siRNA did not result in apoptosis. Mass spectrometry analysis demonstrated that treatment with the FASN inhibitors did not alter either the mitochondrial free fatty acid content or composition. This result suggests that cerulenin- and orlistat-induced apoptosis events are independent of FASN inhibition. Analysis of the energy-linked functions of melan-a mitochondria demonstrated the inhibition of respiration, followed by a significant decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and the stimulation of superoxide anion generation. The inhibition of NADH-linked substrate oxidation was approximately 40% and 61% for cerulenin and orlistat treatments, respectively, and the inhibition of succinate oxidation was approximately 46% and 52%, respectively. In contrast, no significant inhibition occurred when respiration was supported by the complex IV substrate N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine (TMPD). The protection conferred by the free radical scavenger N-acetyl-cysteine indicates that the FASN inhibitors induced apoptosis through an oxidative stress-associated mechanism. In combination, the present results demonstrate that cerulenin and orlistat induce apoptosis in non-tumorigenic cells via mitochondrial dysfunction, independent of FASN inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco A. Rossato
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Karina G. Zecchin
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Departamento de Diagnóstico Oral, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Paolo G. La Guardia
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Rose M. Ortega
- Departamento de Diagnóstico Oral, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciane C. Alberici
- Departamento de Química e Física, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rute A. P. Costa
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo R. Catharino
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Edgard Graner
- Departamento de Diagnóstico Oral, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Roger F. Castilho
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Aníbal E. Vercesi
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Defining a prognostic marker panel for patients with ovarian serous carcinoma effusion. Hum Pathol 2013; 44:2449-60. [PMID: 24011953 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Advanced-stage ovarian carcinoma is a highly lethal malignancy, yet no widely accepted prognostic panels exist to date in this disease. The objective of this study was to define such panel for patients with ovarian serous carcinoma effusions. The expression by immunohistochemistry and clinical role of 41 previously studied cancer-associated proteins was analyzed in 143 effusions from patients diagnosed as having advanced-stage (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stages III-IV) ovarian serous carcinoma treated with platinum-based chemotherapy at diagnosis. Survival analyses were performed separately for patients with prechemotherapy and postchemotherapy effusions. In univariate analysis of patients with primary diagnosis prechemotherapy effusions, survivin was associated with longer progression-free survival (P = .03), whereas survivin (P = .009), signal transducer and activator of transcription 5B (P = .011), and p21-activated kinase-1 (P = .04) were markers of longer overall survival. In univariate analysis of patients with disease recurrence postchemotherapy effusions, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (P = .004), human leukocyte antigen-G (P = .013), mammalian target of rapamycin (P = .04), and nucleus accumbens 1 (NAC-1) (P = .046) were associated with poor progression-free survival, whereas peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (P = .013), claudin-3 (P = .019), activator protein-2γ (P = .04), insulin-like growth factor-2 (P = .04), claudin-7 (P = .042), and fatty acid synthase (P = .048) were markers of poor overall survival. In Cox multivariate analysis for prechemotherapy cases, survivin and fatty acid synthase were independent predictors of better progression-free survival (P = .006 and P = .048, respectively), and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5B and heat shock protein 90 were independently associated with better overall survival (P = .033 and P = .006, respectively). None of the biological markers was an independent prognostic factor in recurrent disease. The present study represents the first attempt at prognostic stratification of multiple tumor markers in one cohort of patients with ovarian serous carcinoma effusions.
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38
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Vettukattil R, Hetland TE, Flørenes VA, Kærn J, Davidson B, Bathen TF. Proton magnetic resonance metabolomic characterization of ovarian serous carcinoma effusions: chemotherapy-related effects and comparison with malignant mesothelioma and breast carcinoma. Hum Pathol 2013; 44:1859-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2013.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 02/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Aberrant lipid metabolism: an emerging diagnostic and therapeutic target in ovarian cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:7742-56. [PMID: 23574936 PMCID: PMC3645713 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14047742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer remains the most lethal gynaecological cancer. A better understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of ovarian cancer is of critical importance to develop early detection tests and identify new therapeutic targets that would increase survival. Cancer cells depend on de novo lipid synthesis for the generation of fatty acids to meet the energy requirements for increased tumour growth. There is increasing evidence that lipid metabolism is deregulated in cancers, including ovarian cancer. The increased expression and activity of lipogenic enzymes is largely responsible for increased lipid synthesis, which is regulated by metabolic and oncogenic signalling pathways. This article reviews the latest knowledge on lipid metabolism and the alterations in the expression of lipogenic enzymes and downstream signalling pathways in ovarian cancer. Current developments for exploiting lipids as biomarkers for the detection of early stage ovarian cancer and therapeutic targets are discussed. Current research targeting lipogenic enzymes and lipids to increase the cytotoxicity of chemotherapy drugs is also highlighted.
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40
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Rahman MT, Nakayama K, Ishikawa M, Rahman M, Katagiri H, Katagiri A, Ishibashi T, Iida K, Miyazaki K. Fatty acid synthase is a potential therapeutic target in estrogen receptor-/progesterone receptor-positive endometrioid endometrial cancer. Oncology 2013; 84:166-73. [PMID: 23306391 DOI: 10.1159/000342967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the current study we investigated the clinicopathological significance of fatty acid synthase (FASN) expression and its relationship with estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) in endometrioid endometrial cancer. METHODS FASN expression in endometrioid endometrial cancer was assessed by immunohistochemistry using 108 paraffin-embedded tissue specimens and clinical data collected from a retrospective chart review. The specific FASN inhibitor C75 was used to analyze the relationship between FASN expression and cell growth as well as ER/PR expression in endometrioid endometrial cancer cell lines. RESULTS Positive FASN immunostaining was observed in 77.8% (84/108) of the tumors analyzed. Deep myometrial invasion was significantly and inversely correlated with positive FASN expression (p = 0.024). Positive ER (p = 0.018) and PR status (p = 0.012) was significantly correlated with positive FASN expression. Patients with positive FASN expression in endometrioid endometrial cancer tissues tended to have a favorable progression-free/overall survival (p = 0.127 and p = 0.087, respectively). Ishikawa cells with high FASN expression also showed high expression of ER/PR, while HEC1B cells had low expression levels of both FASN and ER/PR. FASN inhibition by C75 (10 µM) significantly reduced ER/PR expression compared with control dimethyl sulfoxide treatment of Ishikawa cells. The growth of Ishikawa cells having positive FASN and ER/PR expression was significantly inhibited in the presence of C75 or FASN small-interfering RNA compared to HEC1B cells that lacked FASN and ER/PR expression. CONCLUSION The current findings suggest that there may be cross talk between the ER/PR and FASN signaling pathways that modulate ER/PR activation and could play a role in endometrioid endometrial cancer pathogenesis.
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Seguin F, Carvalho MA, Bastos DC, Agostini M, Zecchin KG, Alvarez-Flores MP, Chudzinski-Tavassi AM, Coletta RD, Graner E. The fatty acid synthase inhibitor orlistat reduces experimental metastases and angiogenesis in B16-F10 melanomas. Br J Cancer 2012; 107:977-87. [PMID: 22892389 PMCID: PMC3464771 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Revised: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is overexpressed and associated with poor prognosis in several human cancers. Here, we investigate the effect of FASN inhibitors on the metastatic spread and angiogenesis in experimental melanomas and cultured melanoma cells. METHODS The lung colonisation assay and cutaneous melanomas were performed by the inoculation of mouse melanoma B16-F10 cells in C57BL6 mice. Blood vessel endothelial cells (RAEC and HUVEC) were applied to determine cell proliferation, apoptosis, and the formation of capillary-like structures. Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) expression was evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR and ELISA in B16-F10, human melanoma (SK-MEL-25), and human oral squamous carcinoma (SCC-9) cells. Conditioned media from these cancer cell lines were used to study the effects of FASN inhibitors on endothelial cells. RESULTS B16-F10 melanoma-induced metastases and angiogenesis were significantly reduced in orlistat-treated mice. Fatty acid synthase inhibitors reduced the viability, proliferation, and the formation of capillary-like structures by RAEC cells, as well as the tumour cell-mediated formation of HUVEC capillary-like structures. Cerulenin and orlistat stimulated the production of total VEGFA in B16-F10, SK-MEL-25, and SCC-9 cells. Both drugs also enhanced VEGFA(121), (165), (189,) and (165b) in SK-MEL-25 and SCC-9 cells. CONCLUSION FASN inhibitors reduce metastasis and tumour-induced angiogenesis in experimental melanomas, and differentially modulate VEGFA expression in B16-F10 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Seguin
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry of Piracicaba, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Avenida Limeira 901, CP 52, Areão, Piracicaba, CEP 13414-018, SP, Brazil
| | - M A Carvalho
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry of Piracicaba, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Avenida Limeira 901, CP 52, Areão, Piracicaba, CEP 13414-018, SP, Brazil
| | - D C Bastos
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry of Piracicaba, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Avenida Limeira 901, CP 52, Areão, Piracicaba, CEP 13414-018, SP, Brazil
| | - M Agostini
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry of Piracicaba, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Avenida Limeira 901, CP 52, Areão, Piracicaba, CEP 13414-018, SP, Brazil
| | - K G Zecchin
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry of Piracicaba, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Avenida Limeira 901, CP 52, Areão, Piracicaba, CEP 13414-018, SP, Brazil
| | - M P Alvarez-Flores
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Butantan Institute, Avenida Vital Brasil 1500, Butantã, São Paulo, CEP 05503-900, SP, Brazil
| | - A M Chudzinski-Tavassi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Butantan Institute, Avenida Vital Brasil 1500, Butantã, São Paulo, CEP 05503-900, SP, Brazil
| | - R D Coletta
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry of Piracicaba, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Avenida Limeira 901, CP 52, Areão, Piracicaba, CEP 13414-018, SP, Brazil
| | - E Graner
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry of Piracicaba, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Avenida Limeira 901, CP 52, Areão, Piracicaba, CEP 13414-018, SP, Brazil
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Nakayama K, Nakayama N, Miyazaki K. Development of a novel ovarian cancer molecular target therapy against cancer-related transcriptional factor, NAC1. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2012; 39:18-25. [PMID: 22845777 DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0756.2012.01946.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Nakayama
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology Biocehmistory, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Japan.
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Yap KL, Fraley SI, Thiaville MM, Jinawath N, Nakayama K, Wang J, Wang TL, Wirtz D, Shih IM. NAC1 is an actin-binding protein that is essential for effective cytokinesis in cancer cells. Cancer Res 2012; 72:4085-96. [PMID: 22761335 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-0302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
NAC1 is a transcriptional corepressor protein that is essential to sustain cancer cell proliferation and migration. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of NAC1 function in cancer cells remain unknown. In this study, we show that NAC1 functions as an actin monomer-binding protein. The conserved BTB protein interaction domain in NAC1 is the minimal region for actin binding. Disrupting NAC1 complex function by dominant-negative or siRNA strategies reduced cell retraction and abscission during late-stage cytokinesis, causing multinucleation in cancer cells. In Nac1-deficient murine fibroblasts, restoring NAC1 expression was sufficient to partially avert multinucleation. We found that siRNA-mediated silencing of the actin-binding protein profilin-1 in cancer cells caused a similar multinucleation phenotype and that NAC1 modulated the binding of actin to profillin-1. Taken together, our results indicate that the NAC1/actin/profilin-1 complex is crucial for cancer cell cytokinesis, with a variety of important biologic and clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Lee Yap
- Department of Pathology, Pathobiology Graduate Program, Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
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Fatty acid synthase expression associated with NAC1 is a potential therapeutic target in ovarian clear cell carcinomas. Br J Cancer 2012; 107:300-7. [PMID: 22653145 PMCID: PMC3394978 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined the clinical significance of NAC1 and the expression level of its potential downstream target fatty acid synthase (FASN) in ovarian clear cell carcinomas (OCCCs), and evaluated the NAC1/FASN pathway as a potential therapeutic target. METHODS NAC1 and FASN expression and NACC1 gene amplification were assessed in ovarian cancers by immunohistochemistry, fluorescence in situ hybridisation, and clinical data collected by a retrospective chart review. C75, a FASN inhibitor, was used to assess whether this pathway represented a therapeutic target in OCCC. RESULTS High NAC1 expression was most frequent in clear cell tumours (40.0%:24/60). NACC1 gene amplification was identified in none of the 58 OCCCs. The frequency of NACC1 gene amplification was significantly higher in the high-grade serous histology than in the clear cell histology (P<0.01). NAC1 expression was significantly correlated with FASN expression in both OCCC samples and OCCC cell lines. Either high NAC1 expression or high FASN expression significantly correlated with shorter progression-free and overall survival (P=0.002 and 0.0048). NAC1 overexpression stimulated FASN expression, and NAC1 silencing using siRNA decreased FASN expression in OCCC cell lines. Profound growth inhibition was observed in C75-treated carcinoma cells with FASN overexpression when compared with the response in carcinoma cells without FASN expression. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that NAC1/FASN overexpression is critical to the growth and survival of a subset of OCCC. The FASN silencing by the C75-induced phenotypes depends on the expression status of the targeted cell line. Therefore, NAC1/FASN pathway-targeted therapy may benefit selected OCCC patients.
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Moore RG, Lange TS, Robinson K, Kim KK, Uzun A, Horan TC, Kawar N, Yano N, Chu SR, Mao Q, Brard L, DePaepe ME, Padbury JF, Arnold LA, Brodsky A, Shen TL, Singh RK. Efficacy of a non-hypercalcemic vitamin-D2 derived anti-cancer agent (MT19c) and inhibition of fatty acid synthesis in an ovarian cancer xenograft model. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34443. [PMID: 22509304 PMCID: PMC3317945 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous vitamin-D analogs exhibited poor response rates, high systemic toxicities and hypercalcemia in human trials to treat cancer. We identified the first non-hypercalcemic anti-cancer vitamin D analog MT19c by altering the A-ring of ergocalciferol. This study describes the therapeutic efficacy and mechanism of action of MT19c in both in vitro and in vivo models. Methodology/Principal Finding Antitumor efficacy of MT19c was evaluated in ovarian cancer cell (SKOV-3) xenografts in nude mice and a syngenic rat ovarian cancer model. Serum calcium levels of MT19c or calcitriol treated animals were measured. In-silico molecular docking simulation and a cell based VDR reporter assay revealed MT19c–VDR interaction. Genomewide mRNA analysis of MT19c treated tumors identified drug targets which were verified by immunoblotting and microscopy. Quantification of cellular malonyl CoA was carried out by HPLC-MS. A binding study with PPAR-Y receptor was performed. MT19c reduced ovarian cancer growth in xenograft and syngeneic animal models without causing hypercalcemia or acute toxicity. MT19c is a weak vitamin-D receptor (VDR) antagonist that disrupted the interaction between VDR and coactivator SRC2-3. Genome-wide mRNA analysis and western blot and microscopy of MT19c treated xenograft tumors showed inhibition of fatty acid synthase (FASN) activity. MT19c reduced cellular levels of malonyl CoA in SKOV-3 cells and inhibited EGFR/phosphoinositol-3kinase (PI-3K) activity independently of PPAR-gamma protein. Significance Antitumor effects of non-hypercalcemic agent MT19c provide a new approach to the design of vitamin-D based anticancer molecules and a rationale for developing MT19c as a therapeutic agent for malignant ovarian tumors by targeting oncogenic de novo lipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard G. Moore
- Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, Program in Women's Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Infants' Hospital of Rhode Island, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Thilo S. Lange
- Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, Program in Women's Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Infants' Hospital of Rhode Island, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Katina Robinson
- Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, Program in Women's Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Infants' Hospital of Rhode Island, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Kyu K. Kim
- Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, Program in Women's Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Infants' Hospital of Rhode Island, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Alper Uzun
- Center for Computational Molecular Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants' Hospital of Rhode Island, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Timothy C. Horan
- Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, Program in Women's Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Infants' Hospital of Rhode Island, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Nada Kawar
- Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, Program in Women's Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Infants' Hospital of Rhode Island, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Naohiro Yano
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants' Hospital of Rhode Island, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Sharon R. Chu
- Developmental Pathology, Women and Infants' Hospital of Rhode Island, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Quanfu Mao
- Developmental Pathology, Women and Infants' Hospital of Rhode Island, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Laurent Brard
- Gynecology Oncology, Southern Illinois Medical School, Springfield, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Monique E. DePaepe
- Developmental Pathology, Women and Infants' Hospital of Rhode Island, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - James F. Padbury
- Center for Computational Molecular Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants' Hospital of Rhode Island, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Leggy A. Arnold
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Alexander Brodsky
- Department of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Tun-Li Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Rakesh K. Singh
- Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, Program in Women's Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Infants' Hospital of Rhode Island, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Diagnosis of serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma based on morphologic and immunohistochemical features: a reproducibility study. Am J Surg Pathol 2012; 35:1766-75. [PMID: 21989347 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0b013e31822f58bc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
There is compelling evidence that serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC) is a precursor of high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma. Large-scale studies are now required to determine its biological significance and clinical implication. Before conducting these studies, a reproducible classification for STIC is needed, and that is the goal of this study. This study involved 6 gynecologic pathologists from 4 academic institutions and 3 independent rounds of review. In round 1, sixty-seven lesions ranging from normal, atypical, to STICs were classified by 5 pathologists on the basis of predetermined morphologic criteria. Interobserver agreement for the diagnosis of STIC versus not STIC was fair [κ = 0.39; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.26, 0.52], and intraobserver reproducibility ranged from fair to moderate on the basis of percentage agreement and κ. Round 2 involved testing revised criteria that incorporated morphology and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for p53 protein expression and Ki-67 labeling in 10 sets by 3 of the pathologists. The result was an improvement in interobserver agreement for the classification of STIC (κ = 0.62; 95% CI 0.18, 1.00). An algorithm was then created combining morphology and IHC for p53 and Ki-67, and reproducibility was assessed as part of round 3. In 37 lesions reviewed by 6 pathologists, substantial agreement for STIC versus no STIC was observed (κ = 0.73; 95% CI 0.58, 0.86). In conclusion, we have developed reproducible criteria for the diagnosis of STIC that incorporate morphologic and IHC markers for p53 and Ki-67. The algorithm we propose is expected to help standardize the classification of STIC for future studies.
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Romero-Garcia S, Lopez-Gonzalez JS, Báez-Viveros JL, Aguilar-Cazares D, Prado-Garcia H. Tumor cell metabolism: an integral view. Cancer Biol Ther 2011; 12:939-48. [PMID: 22057267 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.12.11.18140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a genetic disease that is caused by mutations in oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes and stability genes. The fact that the metabolism of tumor cells is altered has been known for many years. However, the mechanisms and consequences of metabolic reprogramming have just begun to be understood. In this review, an integral view of tumor cell metabolism is presented, showing how metabolic pathways are reprogrammed to satisfy tumor cell proliferation and survival requirements. In tumor cells, glycolysis is strongly enhanced to fulfill the high ATP demands of these cells; glucose carbons are the main building blocks in fatty acid and nucleotide biosynthesis. Glutaminolysis is also increased to satisfy NADPH regeneration, whereas glutamine carbons replenish the Krebs cycle, which produces metabolites that are constantly used for macromolecular biosynthesis. A characteristic feature of the tumor microenvironment is acidosis, which results from the local increase in lactic acid production by tumor cells. This phenomenon is attributed to the carbons from glutamine and glucose, which are also used for lactic acid production. Lactic acidosis also directs the metabolic reprogramming of tumor cells and serves as an additional selective pressure. Finally, we also discuss the role of mitochondria in supporting tumor cell metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Romero-Garcia
- Departamento de Enfermedades Crónico-Degenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
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Shih IM, Nakayama K, Wu G, Nakayama N, Zhang J, Wang TL. Amplification of the ch19p13.2 NACC1 locus in ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma. Mod Pathol 2011; 24:638-45. [PMID: 21240255 PMCID: PMC3085564 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2010.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of digital karyotyping, we have identified a new, discrete amplified region at ch19p13.2 in a high-grade ovarian serous carcinoma. To further characterize this region, we determined the frequency and biological significance of ch19p13.2 amplification by analyzing 341 high-grade serous carcinomas from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and found an increased DNA copy number at this locus in 18% of cases. We correlated the DNA and RNA copy number by analyzing the TCGA data set for all amplified genes and detected seven genes within ch19p13.2 that were significantly correlated (R≥0.54) and were, in fact, listed as the top 100 potential 'driver' genes at a genome-wide scale. Interestingly, one of the seven genes, NACC1, encoding NAC1 was previously reported to be involved in the development of tumor recurrence in ovarian serous carcinoma and to have a causal role in the development of paclitaxel resistance. Therefore, we selected NACC1 for validation in an independent cohort. On the basis of fluorescence in situ hybridization, we found that 35 (20%) of 175 high-grade serous carcinomas had an increased DNA copy number at the NACC1 locus, and those amplified cases were associated with early disease recurrence within 6 months (P=0.013). A significantly high level of NAC1 protein expression based on immunohistochemistry was detected in amplified tumors as compared with non-amplified tumors (P<0.005). In summary, our data suggest that amplification at the ch19p13.2 NACC1 locus, leading to NAC1 overexpression, is one of the molecular genetic alterations associated with early tumor recurrence in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ie-Ming Shih
- Departments of Pathology, Oncology and Gynecology/Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
| | - Kentaro Nakayama
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Gang Wu
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
| | - Naomi Nakayama
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Jinghui Zhang
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
| | - Tian-Li Wang
- Departments of Pathology, Oncology and Gynecology/Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21231,Correspondence to: Dr. Ie-Ming Shih () or Dr. Tian-Li Wang () 1550 Orleans Street, CRB-2, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
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Uddin S, Jehan Z, Ahmed M, Alyan A, Al-Dayel F, Hussain A, Bavi P, Al-Kuraya KS. Overexpression of fatty acid synthase in Middle Eastern epithelial ovarian carcinoma activates AKT and Its inhibition potentiates cisplatin-induced apoptosis. Mol Med 2011; 17:635-45. [PMID: 21442130 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2011.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid synthase (FASN), the enzyme responsible for de novo synthesis of fatty acids, has been shown to be deregulated in several cancers, including epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC). In this study, we investigated the function of the FASN signaling pathway in a large series of Middle Eastern EOC patient samples, a panel of cell lines and nude mouse model. Using immunohistochemistry, we detected overexpression of FASN in 75.5% (114/151) of the tumor samples. Overexpression of FASN was associated significantly with tumor proliferative marker Ki-67 (P = 0.0009), activated AKT (P = 0.0117) and XIAP (P = 0.0046). Treatment of EOC cell lines with C-75, a selective inhibitor of FASN, caused inhibition of EOC cell viability via induction of apoptosis. Inhibition of FASN by C-75 led apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway. FASN inhibition caused downregulation of activated AKT and its downstream targets. In addition, inhibition by FASN siRNA caused downregulation of FASN and activation of caspases, suggesting the role of FASN in C-75 mediated apoptosis. Furthermore, treatment of EOC cells with subtoxic doses of C-75 augmented the effect of cisplatin-mediated induction of apoptosis. Finally, treatment of EOC cell line xenografts with a combination of C-75 and cisplatin resulted in growth inhibition of tumors in nude mice through downregulation of FASN and activation of caspases. Altogether, our results show overexpression of FASN in Middle Eastern EOC, suggesting that FASN may be a potential therapeutic target in a subset of EOC, alone or in combination with other conventional chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahab Uddin
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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