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Hoch CC, Shoykhet M, Weiser T, Griesbaum L, Petry J, Hachani K, Multhoff G, Bashiri Dezfouli A, Wollenberg B. Isothiocyanates in medicine: A comprehensive review on phenylethyl-, allyl-, and benzyl-isothiocyanates. Pharmacol Res 2024; 201:107107. [PMID: 38354869 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, isothiocyanates (ITCs), bioactive compounds primarily derived from Brassicaceae vegetables and herbs, have gained significant attention within the biomedical field due to their versatile biological effects. This comprehensive review provides an in-depth exploration of the therapeutic potential and individual biological mechanisms of the three specific ITCs phenylethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), and benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC), as well as their collective impact within the formulation of ANGOCIN® Anti-Infekt N (Angocin). Angocin comprises horseradish root (Armoracia rusticanae radix, 80 mg) and nasturtium (Tropaeoli majoris herba, 200 mg) and is authorized for treating inflammatory diseases affecting the respiratory and urinary tract. The antimicrobial efficacy of this substance has been confirmed both in vitro and in various clinical trials, with its primary effectiveness attributed to ITCs. PEITC, AITC, and BITC exhibit a wide array of health benefits, including potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties, along with noteworthy anticancer potentials. Moreover, we highlight their ability to modulate critical biochemical pathways, such as the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathways, shedding light on their involvement in cellular apoptosis and their intricate role to guide immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosima C Hoch
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Maria Shoykhet
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Weiser
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Lena Griesbaum
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Julie Petry
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Khouloud Hachani
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany; Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University of Munich (TranslaTUM), Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Gabriele Multhoff
- Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University of Munich (TranslaTUM), Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Ali Bashiri Dezfouli
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany; Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University of Munich (TranslaTUM), Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Wollenberg
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany.
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Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antihypertensive, and antiarrhythmic effect of indole-3-carbinol, a phytochemical derived from cruciferous vegetables. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08989. [PMID: 35243102 PMCID: PMC8866897 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular inflammation and oxidative stress are determining factors in high blood pressure and arrhythmias. Indole-3-carbinol is a cruciferous-derived phytochemical with potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. However, its implications on the modulation of cardiovascular inflammatory-oxidative markers are unknown. Objectives To establish the effects of indole-3-carbinol on the oxidative-inflammatory-proarrhythmic conditions associated with hypertension. Materials Histological, biochemical, molecular, and functional aspects were evaluated in 1) Culture of mouse BV-2 glial cells subjected to oxidative-inflammatory damage by lipopolysaccharides (100 ng/mL) in the presence or absence of 40 μM indole-3-carbinol (n = 5); 2) Male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar Kyoto rats receiving indole-3-carbinol (2000 ppm/day, orally) during the first 8 weeks of life (n = 15); 3) Isolated rat hearts were submitted to 10 min regional ischemia and 10 min reperfusion. Results 1) lipopolysaccharides induced oxidative stress and increased inflammatory markers; indole-3-carbinol reversed both conditions (interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor α, the activity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, nitric oxide, inducible nitric oxide synthase, heat shock protein 70, all p < 0.01 vs lipopolysaccharides). 2) SHR rats showed histological, structural, and functional changes with increasing systolic blood pressure (154 ± 8 mmHg vs. 122 ± 7 mmHg in Wistar Kyoto rats, p < 0.01); Inflammatory-oxidative markers also increased, and nitric oxide and heat shock protein 70 decreased. Conversely, indole-3-carbinol reduced oxidative-inflammatory markers and systolic blood pressure (133 ± 8 mmHg, p < 0.01 vs. SHR). 3) indole-3-carbinol reduced reperfusion arrhythmias from 8/10 in SHR to 0/10 (p = 0.0007 by Fisher's exact test). Conclusions Indole-3-carbinol reduces the inflammatory-oxidative-proarrhythmic process of hypertension. The nitric oxide and heat shock protein 70 are relevant mechanisms of indole-3-carbinol protective actions. Further studies with this pleiotropic phytochemical as a promising cardioprotective are guaranteed. Indole-3-carbinol, a cruciferous-derived compound, has cardioprotective potential. We confirmed its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in vitro and in vivo. Oral administration reduced blood pressure and cardiac remodeling. In isolated hearts from hypertensive rats prevented ischemia-reperfusion arrhythmias. Heat shock protein 70 and NO contribute to indole-3-carbinol protective actions.
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Physiological Effects of Green-Colored Food-Derived Bioactive Compounds on Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12041879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular and metabolic diseases are a leading cause of death worldwide. Epidemiological studies strongly highlight various benefits of consuming colorful fruits and vegetables in everyday life. In this review, we aimed to revisit previous studies conducted in the last few decades regarding green-colored foods and their bioactive compounds in consideration of treating and/or preventing cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. This review draws a comprehensive summary and assessment of research on the physiological effects of various bioactive compounds, mainly polyphenols, derived from green-colored fruits and vegetables. In particular, their health-beneficial effects, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, cardioprotective, and lipid-lowering properties, will be discussed. Furthermore, the bioavailability and significance of action of these bioactive compounds on cardiovascular and metabolic diseases will be discussed in detail.
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Kamal RM, Abdull Razis AF, Mohd Sukri NS, Perimal EK, Ahmad H, Patrick R, Djedaini-Pilard F, Mazzon E, Rigaud S. Beneficial Health Effects of Glucosinolates-Derived Isothiocyanates on Cardiovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030624. [PMID: 35163897 PMCID: PMC8838317 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are illnesses that affect the nervous system and heart, all of which are vital to the human body. To maintain health of the human body, vegetable diets serve as a preventive approach and particularly Brassica vegetables have been associated with lower risks of chronic diseases, especially NDDs and CVDs. Interestingly, glucosinolates (GLs) and isothiocyanates (ITCs) are phytochemicals that are mostly found in the Cruciferae family and they have been largely documented as antioxidants contributing to both cardio- and neuroprotective effects. The hydrolytic breakdown of GLs into ITCs such as sulforaphane (SFN), phenylethyl ITC (PEITC), moringin (MG), erucin (ER), and allyl ITC (AITC) has been recognized to exert significant effects with regards to cardio- and neuroprotection. From past in vivo and/or in vitro studies, those phytochemicals have displayed the ability to mitigate the adverse effects of reactive oxidation species (ROS), inflammation, and apoptosis, which are the primary causes of CVDs and NDDs. This review focuses on the protective effects of those GL-derived ITCs, featuring their beneficial effects and the mechanisms behind those effects in CVDs and NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramla Muhammad Kamal
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University Dutse, Dutse 720101, Jigawa State, Nigeria
| | - Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
| | - Nurul Syafuhah Mohd Sukri
- Faculty of Applied Science and Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Batu Pahat 86400, Johor, Malaysia;
| | - Enoch Kumar Perimal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Hafandi Ahmad
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Rollin Patrick
- Université d’Orléans et CNRS, ICOA, UMR 7311, BP 6759, CEDEX 02, F-45067 Orléans, France;
| | - Florence Djedaini-Pilard
- LG2A UMR 7378, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint Leu—UFR des Sciences, F-80000 Amiens, France; (F.D.-P.); (S.R.)
| | - Emanuela Mazzon
- Laboratorio di Neurologia Sperimentale, IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino Pulejo", 98124 Messina, Italy;
| | - Sébastien Rigaud
- LG2A UMR 7378, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint Leu—UFR des Sciences, F-80000 Amiens, France; (F.D.-P.); (S.R.)
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Schulze H, Hornbacher J, Wasserfurth P, Reichel T, Günther T, Krings U, Krüger K, Hahn A, Papenbrock J, Schuchardt JP. Immunomodulating Effect of the Consumption of Watercress (Nasturtium officinale) on Exercise-Induced Inflammation in Humans. Foods 2021; 10:foods10081774. [PMID: 34441551 PMCID: PMC8391159 DOI: 10.3390/foods10081774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The vegetable watercress (Nasturtium officinale R.Br.) is, besides being a generally nutritious food, a rich source of glucosinolates. Gluconasturtiin, the predominant glucosinolate in watercress, has been shown to have several health beneficial properties through its bioactive breakdown product phenethyl isothiocyanate. Little is known about the immunoregulatory effects of watercress. Moreover, anti-inflammatory effects have mostly been shown in in vitro or in animal models. Hence, we conducted a proof-of-concept study to investigate the effects of watercress on the human immune system. In a cross-over intervention study, 19 healthy subjects (26.5 ± 4.3 years; 14 males, 5 females) were given a single dose (85 g) of fresh self-grown watercress or a control meal. Two hours later, a 30 min high-intensity workout was conducted to promote exercise-induced inflammation. Blood samples were drawn before, 5 min after, and 3 h after the exercise unit. Inflammatory blood markers (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, MCP-1, MMP-9) were analyzed in whole blood cultures after ex vivo immune cell stimulation via lipopolysaccharides. A mild pro-inflammatory reaction was observed after watercress consumption indicated by an increase in IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, whereas the immune response was more pronounced for both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory markers (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α) after the exercise unit compared to the control meal. During the recovery phase, watercress consumption led to a stronger anti-inflammatory downregulation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α. In conclusion, we propose that watercress causes a stronger pro-inflammatory response and anti-inflammatory counter-regulation during and after exercise. The clinical relevance of these changes should be verified in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Schulze
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany; (H.S.); (P.W.); (A.H.)
| | - Johann Hornbacher
- Institute of Botany, Leibniz University Hannover, D-30419 Hannover, Germany; (J.H.); (J.P.)
| | - Paulina Wasserfurth
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany; (H.S.); (P.W.); (A.H.)
| | - Thomas Reichel
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sport Science, Justus Liebig University Giessen, D-35394 Giessen, Germany; (T.R.); (K.K.)
| | - Thorben Günther
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany; (T.G.); (U.K.)
| | - Ulrich Krings
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany; (T.G.); (U.K.)
| | - Karsten Krüger
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sport Science, Justus Liebig University Giessen, D-35394 Giessen, Germany; (T.R.); (K.K.)
| | - Andreas Hahn
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany; (H.S.); (P.W.); (A.H.)
| | - Jutta Papenbrock
- Institute of Botany, Leibniz University Hannover, D-30419 Hannover, Germany; (J.H.); (J.P.)
| | - Jan P. Schuchardt
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany; (H.S.); (P.W.); (A.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-511-7622987
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Riemschneider S, Hoffmann M, Slanina U, Weber K, Hauschildt S, Lehmann J. Indol-3-Carbinol and Quercetin Ameliorate Chronic DSS-Induced Colitis in C57BL/6 Mice by AhR-Mediated Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18052262. [PMID: 33668818 PMCID: PMC7956562 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, are multifactorial inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, characterised by abdominal cramps, bloody diarrhoea, and anaemia. Standard therapies, including corticosteroids or biologicals, often induce severe side effects, or patients may develop resistance to those therapies. Thus, new therapeutic options for IBD are urgently needed. This study investigates the therapeutic efficacy and safety of two plant-derived ligands of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), quercetin (Q), and indol-3-carbinol (I3C), using a translationally relevant mouse model of IBD. Q and I3C are administered by gavage to C57BL/6 wild-type or C57BL/6 Ahr-/- mice suffering from chronic colitis, induced by dextran sulphate sodium (DSS). The course of the disease, intestinal histopathological changes, and in-situ immunological phenotype are scored over 25 days. Our results show that both Q and I3C improved significantly clinical symptoms in moderate DSS colitis, which coincides with a significantly reduced histopathological score. Even in severe DSS colitis I3C, neither Q nor the therapy control 6-thioguanine (6-TG) can prevent a fatal outcome. Moreover, treatment with Q or I3C restored in part DSS-induced loss of epithelial integrity by induction of tight-junction proteins and reduced significantly gut inflammation, as demonstrated by colonoscopy, as well as by immunohistochemistry revealing lower numbers of neutrophils and macrophages. Moreover, the number of Th17 cells is significantly reduced, while the number of Treg cells is significantly increased by treatment with Q or I3C, as well as 6-TG. Q- or I3C-induced amelioration of colitis is not observed in Ahr-/- mice suggesting the requirement of AhR ligation and signalling. Based on the results of this study, plant-derived non-toxic AhR agonists can be considered promising therapeutics in IBD therapy in humans. However, they may differ in terms of efficacy; therefore, it is indispensable to study the dose-response relationship of each individual AhR agonist also with regard to potential adverse effects, since they may also exert AhR-independent effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Riemschneider
- Department of Therapy Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.R.); (M.H.); (U.S.)
| | - Maximilian Hoffmann
- Department of Therapy Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.R.); (M.H.); (U.S.)
| | - Ulla Slanina
- Department of Therapy Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.R.); (M.H.); (U.S.)
| | | | - Sunna Hauschildt
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Jörg Lehmann
- Department of Therapy Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.R.); (M.H.); (U.S.)
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases CIMD, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Correspondence:
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[Uncomplicated urinary tract infections : Use of mustard oils]. Urologe A 2021; 60:52-58. [PMID: 32789672 DOI: 10.1007/s00120-020-01289-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing rates of multidrug resistant bacteria demand a change in managing infectious diseases. New ways of antibiotic-free treatment in uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTI) saving antibiotics for severe infections should be chosen. OBJECTIVES Beside analgesics for purely symptomatic treatment, herbal medicine can be used for uncomplicated UTI instead of antibiotics. MATERIALS AND METHODS Anti-infectious phytodrugs like isothiocyanates (ITC) from horseradish and cress (nasturtium) have been thoroughly examined scientifically. RESULTS ITC showed multitarget effects in many pharmacological studies. Beside anti-inflammatory effects, a broad spectrum of species, including multiresistant bacteria were covered. Positive results and good compatibility are documented in several studies for therapy of uncomplicated UTI and respiratory infections with horseradish and cress as well as for prophylaxis in recurrent UTI (recommendation in the German S3 guideline for uncomplicated urinary tract infections, AWMF registry 043/044, statement 8.1.d.4 on prophylaxis). CONCLUSION Using isothiocyanates (ITC) for therapy and prophylaxis in uncomplicated urinary tract infections is a rational approach and helps to save antibiotics. Even after long-term use, development of resistance has not yet been observed and is not probable due to the multimodal mechanism of action of ITC.
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Eghbalpour F, Aghaei M, Ebrahimi M, Tahsili MR, Golalipour M, Mohammadi S, Yazdani Y. Effect of indole-3-carbinol on transcriptional profiling of wound-healing genes in macrophages of systemic lupus erythematosus patients: an RNA sequencing assay. Lupus 2020; 29:954-963. [PMID: 32517571 DOI: 10.1177/0961203320929746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relapses and flares with delayed wound healing are among the main symptoms of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a rheumatic autoimmune disease. The orientation of immune responses in SLE disease depends on the function of the population of macrophages. This study investigated the effect of indole-3-carbinol (I3C) on transcriptional profiling of macrophage-derived monocytes (MDMs) in four stages of the wound-healing process. METHODS In the first phase of study, MDMs were generated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of three new SLE cases (unmedicated) and two healthy controls. The cases and controls were then divided into I3C treated and untreated groups after 24 hours of exposure to I3C. Single-end RNA sequencing was performed using an Illumina NextSeq 500 platform. After comprehensive analysis among differentially expressed genes, CDKN1A, FN1 and MMP15 were validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction as upregulated ranked genes involved in wound-healing stages. RESULTS The RNA sequencing analysis of treated cases and treated controls versus untreated cases and untreated controls (group 3 vs. group 4) revealed upregulation of various genes, for example: C1S, C1R, IGKV1-5, IGKV4-1, SERPING1, IGLC1 and IGLC2 in coagulation; ADAM19, CEACAM1 and CEACAM8 in M2 reprogramming; IRS1, FN1, THBS1 and LIMS2 in extracellular matrix organization; and STAT1, THBS1 and ATP2A3 in the proliferation stage of wound healing. CONCLUSIONS The results showed that treatment with I3C could modulate the gene expression involved in wound healing in SLE cases and healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Eghbalpour
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Aghaei
- Golestan Rheumatology Research Centre, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Mansour Ebrahimi
- School of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Australia
- School of Basic Sciences, University of Qom, Iran
| | | | - Masoud Golalipour
- Medical Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Saeed Mohammadi
- Stem Cell Research Centre, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Yaghoub Yazdani
- Stem Cell Research Centre, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
- Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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Pham DC, Shibu MA, Mahalakshmi B, Velmurugan BK. Effects of phytochemicals on cellular signaling: reviewing their recent usage approaches. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:3522-3546. [PMID: 31822111 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1699014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Most of the previous studies in last three decades report evidence of interactions between the different phytochemicals and the proteins involved in signal transduction pathways using in silico, in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo analyses. However, extrapolation of these findings for clinical purposes has not been that fruitful. The efficacy of the phytochemicals in vivo studies is limited by parameters such as solubility, metabolic degradation, excretion, etc. Various approaches have now been devised to circumvent these limitations. Recently, chemical modification of the phytochemicals are demonstrated to reduce some of the limitations and improve their efficacy. Similar to traditional medicines several combinatorial phytochemical formulations have shown to be more efficient. Further, phytochemicals have been reported to be even more efficient in the form of nanoparticles. However, systematic evaluation of their efficacy, mode of action in pathway modulation, usage and associated challenges is required to be done. The present review begins with basic understanding of how signaling cascades regulate cellular response and the consequences of their dysregulation further summarizing the developments and problems associated with the dietary phytochemicals and also discuss recent approaches in strengthening these compounds in pharmacological applications. Only context relevant studies have been reviewed. Considering the limitations and scope of the article, authors do not claim inclusion of all the early and recent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinh-Chuong Pham
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - M A Shibu
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondria Related Diseases Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - B Mahalakshmi
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Bharath Kumar Velmurugan
- Toxicology and Biomedicine Research Group, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Abstract
Isothiocyanates (ICTs) are a group of molecules that can be used for many different purposes, they exhibit anticancer, antimicrobial, antibiotic, and anti-inflammatory properties. The synthesis of isothiocyanates has been a focus of many researchers for nearly the past 100 years. One of the most common synthetic methods is to form a dithiocarbamate salt, either as the first step or in situ, and then treat the salt with a desulfurization agent to reach the isothiocyanate. There are many different desulfurization agents available. Among these, there are eleven in particular that will be discussed in this short review, namely thiophosgene, lead nitrate, ethyl chloroformate, hydrogen peroxide, triphosgene, iodine, cobalt, copper, sodium persulfate, claycop, and tosyl chloride. There are four additional particular methodologies that stand out from the literature available on this topic that will be covered, namely the production of isothiocyanates from hydroximoyl chlorides, via elemental sulfur, microwave-assisted synthesis, and through the tandem Staudinger/aza-Wittig reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla Eschliman
- Kansas State University, Department of Chemistry, Manhattan, KS 66506-0401, USA
| | - Stefan H Bossmann
- Kansas State University, Department of Chemistry, Manhattan, KS 66506-0401, USA
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Hasan H, Ismail H, El-Orfali Y, Khawaja G. Therapeutic benefits of Indole-3-Carbinol in adjuvant-induced arthritis and its protective effect against methotrexate induced-hepatic toxicity. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 18:337. [PMID: 30567538 PMCID: PMC6299996 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2408-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) being an incapacitating disease requires early effective intervention. Considering Methotrexate (MTX)- the first line of treatment for RA- intoxicates the liver; therefore, alternative therapies with similar efficacy yet lower cytotoxicity are desired. Indole-3-Carbinol (I3C) which is found in cruciferous vegetables was examined for its possible therapeutic potentials in comparison with MTX by investigating its anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, anti-oxidant, and hepatoprotective potentials in adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) rat model. METHODS Arthritis was induced in Sprague Dawley rats by injection of Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA). Arthritic rats were treated with I3C and/or MTX. To examine the anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic effect, the following parameters were assessed: body weight, macroscopic scoring of the hind paw, the level of the pivotal cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6) heavily involved in the pathogenesis, spleen index, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. At a histological level, the tibiotarsal joint was stained with several specific stains. To assess the hepatoprotective and anti-oxidant effects, several oxidative stress parameters were monitored, and the liver histology was examined. RESULTS Both I3C and MTX attenuated the inflammation that was aggravated by arthritis by downregulating the inflammatory markers and mediators and alleviating the histopathological changes affecting the tibiotarsal joint. I3C attenuated the liver impairment that was initiated by arthritis and MTX treatment. It did so by downregulating the pro-oxidants and up-regulating the anti-oxidant defenses and by reducing the pathological changes affecting the liver. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that I3C is as potent as MTX as an anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic agent. In addition, I3C does so while protecting the liver from damage as opposed to MTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba Hasan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Debbieh, Lebanon
| | - Hanan Ismail
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Debbieh, Lebanon
| | - Youmna El-Orfali
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Debbieh, Lebanon
| | - Ghada Khawaja
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Debbieh, Lebanon
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Lopez-Vazquez A, Garcia-Banuelos JJ, Gonzalez-Garibay AS, Urzua-Lozano PE, Del Toro-Arreola S, Bueno-Topete MR, Sanchez-Enriquez S, Munoz-Valle JF, Jave-Suarez LF, Armendariz-Borunda J, Bastidas-Ramirez BE. IRS-1 pY612 and Akt-1/PKB pT308 Phosphorylation and Antiinflammatory Effect of Diindolylmethane in Adipocytes Cocultured with Macrophages. Med Chem 2017; 13:727-733. [PMID: 28934926 PMCID: PMC5744426 DOI: 10.2174/1573406413666170922095011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Lopez-Vazquez
- Instituto de Investigacion en Enfermedades Cronico Degenerativas, Departamento de Biologia Molecular y Genomica, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco. Mexico
| | - Jesus J Garcia-Banuelos
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular en Medicina y Terapia Genica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, puerta 7, 3er. piso, Calle Sierra Mojada # 950, Col. Independencia, Guadalajara, Jalisco, C.P. 44340. Mexico
| | - Angelica S Gonzalez-Garibay
- Instituto de Investigacion en Enfermedades Cronico Degenerativas, Departamento de Biologia Molecular y Genomica, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco. Mexico
| | - Pedro E Urzua-Lozano
- Instituto de Investigacion en Enfermedades Cronico Degenerativas, Departamento de Biologia Molecular y Genomica, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco. Mexico
| | - Susana Del Toro-Arreola
- Instituto de Investigacion en Enfermedades Cronico Degenerativas, Departamento de Biologia Molecular y Genomica, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco. Mexico
| | - Miriam R Bueno-Topete
- Instituto de Investigacion en Enfermedades Cronico Degenerativas, Departamento de Biologia Molecular y Genomica, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco. Mexico
| | - Sergio Sanchez-Enriquez
- Laboratorio de Bioquimica, Departamento de Biologia Molecular y Genomica, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco. Mexico
| | - Jose F Munoz-Valle
- Instituto de Investigacion en Ciencias Biomedicas, Departamento de Biologia Molecular y Genomica, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco. Mexico
| | - Luis F Jave-Suarez
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco. Mexico
| | - Juan Armendariz-Borunda
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular en Medicina y Terapia Genica, Departamento de Biologia Molecular y Genomica, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco. Mexico
| | - Blanca E Bastidas-Ramirez
- Instituto de Investigacion en Enfermedades Cronico Degenerativas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, puerta 7, 2do. piso., Calle Sierra Mojada # 950, Col. Independencia, Guadalajara, Jalisco, C.P. 44340. Mexico
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Gupta P, Wright SE, Kim SH, Srivastava SK. Phenethyl isothiocyanate: a comprehensive review of anti-cancer mechanisms. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2014; 1846:405-24. [PMID: 25152445 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The epidemiological evidence suggests a strong inverse relationship between dietary intake of cruciferous vegetables and the incidence of cancer. Among other constituents of cruciferous vegetables, isothiocyanates (ITC) are the main bioactive chemicals present. Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) is present as gluconasturtiin in many cruciferous vegetables with remarkable anti-cancer effects. PEITC is known to not only prevent the initiation phase of carcinogenesis process but also to inhibit the progression of tumorigenesis. PEITC targets multiple proteins to suppress various cancer-promoting mechanisms such as cell proliferation, progression and metastasis. Pre-clinical evidence suggests that combination of PEITC with conventional anti-cancer agents is also highly effective in improving overall efficacy. Based on accumulating evidence, PEITC appears to be a promising agent for cancer therapy and is already under clinical trials for leukemia and lung cancer. This is the first review which provides a comprehensive analysis of known targets and mechanisms along with a critical evaluation of PEITC as a future anti-cancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Gupta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Cancer Biology Center, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Stephen E Wright
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Cancer Biology Center, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Department of Pathology, Kyunghee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-ku, Seoul 131-701, South Korea.
| | - Sanjay K Srivastava
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Cancer Biology Center, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA; Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Department of Pathology, Kyunghee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-ku, Seoul 131-701, South Korea.
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14
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Islam MS, Akhtar MM, Ciavattini A, Giannubilo SR, Protic O, Janjusevic M, Procopio AD, Segars JH, Castellucci M, Ciarmela P. Use of dietary phytochemicals to target inflammation, fibrosis, proliferation, and angiogenesis in uterine tissues: promising options for prevention and treatment of uterine fibroids? Mol Nutr Food Res 2014; 58:1667-84. [PMID: 24976593 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Uterine leiomyomas (fibroids, myomas) are the most common benign tumors of female reproductive tract. They are highly prevalent, with 70-80% of women burdened by the end of their reproductive years. Fibroids are a leading cause of pelvic pain, abnormal vaginal bleeding, pressure on the bladder, miscarriage, and infertility. They are the leading indication for hysterectomy, and costs exceed 6 billion dollars annually in the United States. Unfortunately, no long-term medical treatments are available. Dysregulation of inflammatory processes are thought to be involved in the initiation of leiomyoma and extracellular matrix deposition, cell proliferation, and angiogenesis are the key cellular events implicated in leiomyoma growth. In modern pharmaceutical industries, dietary phytochemicals are used as source of new potential drugs for many kinds of tumors. Dietary phytochemicals may exert therapeutic effects by interfering with key cellular events of the tumorigenesis process. At present, a negligible number of phytochemicals have been tested as therapeutic agents against fibroids. In this context, our aim was to introduce some of the potential dietary phytochemicals that have shown anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, antifibrotic, and antiangiogenic activities in different biological systems. This review could be useful to stimulate the evaluation of these phytochemicals as possible therapies for uterine fibroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Soriful Islam
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy; Biotechnology and Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
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15
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Jiang Y, Wu SH, Shu XO, Xiang YB, Ji BT, Milne GL, Cai Q, Zhang X, Gao YT, Zheng W, Yang G. Cruciferous vegetable intake is inversely correlated with circulating levels of proinflammatory markers in women. J Acad Nutr Diet 2014; 114:700-8.e2. [PMID: 24630682 PMCID: PMC4063312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2013.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher intakes of cruciferous vegetables or their constituents have been shown to lower inflammation in animal studies. However, evidence for this anti-inflammatory effect of cruciferous vegetable consumption in humans is scarce. OBJECTIVE/DESIGN In this cross-sectional analysis, we evaluated associations of vegetable intake with a panel of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers among 1,005 middle-aged Chinese women. Dietary intake of foods was assessed by a food frequency questionnaire. RESULTS Multivariable-adjusted circulating concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interlukin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-6 were lower among women with higher intakes of cruciferous vegetables. The differences in concentrations of inflammatory biomarkers between extreme quintiles of cruciferous vegetable intake were 12.66% for TNF-α (Ptrend=0.01), 18.18% for IL-1β (Ptrend=0.02), and 24.68% for IL-6 (Ptrend=0.02). A similar, but less apparent, inverse association was found for intakes of all vegetables combined but not for noncruciferous vegetables. Levels of the urinary oxidative stress markers F2-isoprostanes and their major metabolite, 2,3-dinor-5,6-dihydro-15-F2t-IsoP, were not associated with intakes of cruciferous vegetables or all vegetables combined. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that the previously observed health benefits of cruciferous vegetable consumption may be partly associated with the anti-inflammatory effects of these vegetables.
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Kim HW, Kim J, Kim J, Lee S, Choi BR, Han JS, Lee KW, Lee HJ. 3,3'-Diindolylmethane inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced microglial hyperactivation and attenuates brain inflammation. Toxicol Sci 2013; 137:158-67. [PMID: 24162184 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kft240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that microglial hyperactivation and neuroinflammation are implicated in development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we examined the beneficial effects of 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM) and indole-3-carbinol (I3C), dietary components found in cruciferous vegetables, on brain inflammation. DIM, a major metabolite of I3C, suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in BV-2 microglia, but I3C did not. DIM, but not I3C, attenuated DNA-binding activity of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and phosphorylation of inhibitor of κB, suggesting that DIM might inhibit microglial hyperactivation by attenuating inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB. In addition, DIM, but not I3C, protected primary cortical neurons from inflammatory toxicity induced by the conditioned media from LPS-stimulated BV-2 microglia, indicating that DIM might attenuate microglial hyperactivation-mediated neuronal death. In an in vivo model of neuroinflammation, DIM suppressed LPS-induced brain inflammation in mouse hippocampus, as determined by the number of Iba-1-positive cells and the mRNA expression of F4/80. Taken together, these results suggest that DIM may have beneficial potential against brain inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases through the negative regulation of the NF-κB signal pathway in microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Won Kim
- * WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
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Kaushik NK, Kaushik N, Attri P, Kumar N, Kim CH, Verma AK, Choi EH. Biomedical importance of indoles. Molecules 2013; 18:6620-62. [PMID: 23743888 PMCID: PMC6270133 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18066620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 831] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The indole nucleus is an important element of many natural and synthetic molecules with significant biological activity. This review covers some of the relevant and recent achievements in the biological, chemical and pharmacological activity of important indole derivatives in the areas of drug discovery and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagendra Kumar Kaushik
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 139701, Korea; E-Mails: (P.A.); (N.K.); (C.H.K.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (N.K.K); (N.K.); (A.K.V.); (E.H.C.); Tel.: +82-10-4187-8618 (N.K.K.) Fax: +82-940-5664 (N.K.K)
| | - Neha Kaushik
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 139701, Korea; E-Mails: (P.A.); (N.K.); (C.H.K.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (N.K.K); (N.K.); (A.K.V.); (E.H.C.); Tel.: +82-10-4187-8618 (N.K.K.) Fax: +82-940-5664 (N.K.K)
| | - Pankaj Attri
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 139701, Korea; E-Mails: (P.A.); (N.K.); (C.H.K.)
| | - Naresh Kumar
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 139701, Korea; E-Mails: (P.A.); (N.K.); (C.H.K.)
| | - Chung Hyeok Kim
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 139701, Korea; E-Mails: (P.A.); (N.K.); (C.H.K.)
| | - Akhilesh Kumar Verma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (N.K.K); (N.K.); (A.K.V.); (E.H.C.); Tel.: +82-10-4187-8618 (N.K.K.) Fax: +82-940-5664 (N.K.K)
| | - Eun Ha Choi
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 139701, Korea; E-Mails: (P.A.); (N.K.); (C.H.K.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (N.K.K); (N.K.); (A.K.V.); (E.H.C.); Tel.: +82-10-4187-8618 (N.K.K.) Fax: +82-940-5664 (N.K.K)
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Indirubin-3'-(2,3 dihydroxypropyl)-oximether (E804) is a potent modulator of LPS-stimulated macrophage functions. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2012; 266:157-66. [PMID: 23107598 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Revised: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Indirubin is a deep-red bis-indole isomer of indigo blue, both of which are biologically active ingredients in Danggui Longhui Wan, an ancient Chinese herbal tea mixture used to treat neoplasia and chronic inflammation and to enhance detoxification of xenobiotics. Multiple indirubin derivatives have been synthesized and shown to inhibit cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and glycogen-synthase kinase (GSK-3β) with varying degrees of potency. Several indirubins are also aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists, with AhR-associated activities covering a wide range of potencies, depending on molecular structure. This study examined the effects of indirubin-3'-(2,3 dihydroxypropyl)-oximether (E804), a novel indirubin with potent STAT3 inhibitory properties, on basal and LPS-inducible activities in murine RAW264.7 macrophages. Using a focused commercial qRT-PCR array platform (SuperArray®), the effects of E804 on expression of a suite of genes associated with stress and toxicity were determined. Most genes up-regulated by LPS treatment were suppressed by E804; including LPS-induced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and receptors, apoptosis control genes, and oxidative stress response genes. Using qRT-PCR as a follow up to the commercial arrays, E804 treatment suppressed LPS-induced COX-2, iNOS, IL-6 and IL-10 gene expression, though the effects on iNOS and COX-2 protein expression were less dramatic. E804 also inhibited LPS-induced secretion of IL-6 and IL-10. Functional endpoints, including iNOS and lysozyme enzymatic activity, phagocytosis of fluorescent latex beads, and intracellular killing of bacteria, were also examined, and in each experimental condition E804 suppressed activities. Collectively, these results indicate that E804 is a potent modulator of pro-inflammatory profiles in LPS-treated macrophages.
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Benson JM, Beamer CA, Seaver BP, Shepherd DM. INDOLE-3-CARBINOL EXERTS SEX-SPECIFIC EFFECTS IN MURINE COLITIS. EUR J INFLAMM 2012; 10:335-346. [PMID: 33024444 DOI: 10.1177/1721727x1201000309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the severe adverse effects that can accompany conventional therapies for Crohn's disease, the search for natural complementary therapies has increased dramatically in recent years. Indole-3-carbinol (I3C), a constituent of cruciferous vegetables, possesses anti-inflammatory properties; however, its effects on intestinal inflammation have yet to be evaluated. To test the hypothesis that I3C dampens intestinal inflammation, C57Bl/6 mice were treated with I3C and exposed to 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) to induce colitis. Several parameters of disease severity and inflammation were subsequently evaluated. I3C dampened the disease severity, as indicated by decreased body weight loss and decreased severity of clinical signs. Interestingly, this effect was observed in female but not male mice, which displayed a trend towards exacerbated colitis. Differential effects were observed in the profiles of cytokine production, as the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines was increased in males. The sex-specific effect of I3C in TNBS-induced colitis is a novel finding and warrants further investigation since this is a common dietary compound and is also available commercially.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Benson
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Environmental Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - C A Beamer
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Environmental Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - B P Seaver
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Environmental Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - D M Shepherd
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Environmental Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
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Wang ML, Shih CK, Chang HP, Chen YH. Antiangiogenic activity of indole-3-carbinol in endothelial cells stimulated with activated macrophages. Food Chem 2012; 134:811-20. [PMID: 23107695 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.02.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Revised: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The effect of indole-3-carbinol (I3C), a major indolic metabolite in cruciferous vegetables, on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophage-induced tube formation and its associated factors in endothelial EA hy926 cells was investigated. LPS significantly enhanced the capillary-like structure of endothelial cells (ECs) co-cultured with macrophages, but no such effect was observed in single-cultured ECs. I3C, on the other hand, suppressed such enhancement in concert with decreased secretions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). The results obtained from cultivating ECs with conditioned medium (CM) collected from macrophages suggested that both ECs and macrophages were inactivated by I3C. These results indicate that I3C from cruciferous vegetables may possess potential roles in preventing inflammation-associated angiogenic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Lin Wang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan, ROC
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21
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Choi EA, Yoon JW, Choi HJ, Kim DH, Yoo HS. Effect of Egg White Combined with Chalcanthite on Lipopolysaccharide induced Inflammatory Cytokine Expression in RAW 264.7 cells. J Pharmacopuncture 2012; 15:7-11. [PMID: 25780629 PMCID: PMC4331931 DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2012.15.1.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Historically, mineral compound herbal medicines have long been used in treatments of immune-related diseases in Korea, China and other Asian countries. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of egg white combined with chalcanthite (IS4) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. METHODS RAW 264.7 cells cultured with LPS and various concentrations of IS4 were analyzed to determine the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators by using enzyme-linked immune sorbent assays (ELISAs). RESULTS IS4 concentration inhibited the production of interleukin-1beta (IL-1 β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and granulocyte -macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) induced by LPS. IS4 at high concentrations (25 and 50㎍/ml) inhibited, in concentration-dependent manner, the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- α) stimulated by LPS. CONCLUSION IS4 has shown an anti-inflammatory effect in RAW 264.7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-A Choi
- East-West Cancer Center, Dunsan Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jeung-Won Yoon
- East-West Cancer Center, Dunsan Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hak-Joo Choi
- Traditional and Biomedical Research Center, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Dong-Hee Kim
- Traditional and Biomedical Research Center, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hwa-Seung Yoo
- East-West Cancer Center, Dunsan Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea
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Chen G, Chen Z, Hu Y, Huang P. Inhibition of mitochondrial respiration and rapid depletion of mitochondrial glutathione by β-phenethyl isothiocyanate: mechanisms for anti-leukemia activity. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 15:2911-21. [PMID: 21827296 PMCID: PMC3201634 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AIMS β-Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) is a natural product with potent anticancer activity against human leukemia cells including drug-resistant primary leukemia cells from patients. This study aimed at investigating the key mechanisms that contribute to the potent anti-leukemia activity of PEITC and at evaluating its therapeutic potential. RESULTS Our study showed that PEITC caused a rapid depletion of mitochondrial glutathione (GSH) and a significant elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide, and induced a disruption of the mitochondrial electron transport complex I manifested by an early degradation of NADH dehydrogenase Fe-S protein-3 and a significant suppression of mitochondrial respiration. Using biochemical and pharmacological approaches, we further showed that inhibition of mitochondrial respiration alone by rotenone caused only a moderate cytotoxicity in leukemia cells, whereas a combination of respiratory inhibition and an ROS-generating agent exhibited a synergistic effect against leukemia and lymphoma cells. INNOVATION AND CONCLUSION Although PEITC is a reactive compound and might have multiple mechanisms of action, we showed that a rapid depletion of GSH and inhibition of mitochondrial respiration are two important early events that induced synergistic cytotoxicity in leukemia cells. These findings not only suggest that PEITC is a promising compound for potential use in leukemia treatment, but also provide a basis for developing new therapeutic strategies to effectively kill leukemia cells by using a novel combination to modulate ROS and inhibit mitochondrial respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chen
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Benson JM, Shepherd DM. Dietary ligands of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor induce anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory effects on murine dendritic cells. Toxicol Sci 2011; 124:327-38. [PMID: 21948866 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfr249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in immune cells, such as dendritic cells (DCs), can lead to suppressed immune responses. Although AhR activation is most recognized for mediating the effects of its prototypical ligand 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), many compounds existing in dietary sources can also bind the AhR. Because the immunomodulatory effects of indole-3-carbinol (I3C) and indirubin-3'-oxime (IO) have yet to be investigated in DCs, we evaluated the potential immunomodulatory effects of these compounds on murine DCs. We hypothesized that I3C and IO suppress immune and inflammatory responses in DCs. We found that both I3C and IO decreased the expression of CD11c, CD40, and CD54 while they increased expression of MHC2 and CD80. Following lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activation, I3C and IO suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory mediators including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-12, and nitric oxide but increased IL-10 levels. These effects of I3C and IO were partially mediated by the AhR. Additionally, immunoregulatory genes, such as ALDH1A, IDO and TGFB, were upregulated following treatment with I3C or IO. Both I3C and IO decreased basal levels of nuclear factor-kappa B p65, but only I3C suppressed the LPS-induced activity of RelB. Finally, when cultured with naïve T cells, bone marrow-derived dendritic cells treated with the dietary AhR ligands increased the frequency of Foxp3+ Tregs in an antigen-specific manner. Taken together, these results indicate that I3C and IO exhibit immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects on DCs. Because I3C and IO are significantly less toxic than TCDD, these natural products may ultimately become useful therapeutics for the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna M Benson
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, USA
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Ping J, Gao AM, Qin HQ, Wei XN, Bai J, Liu L, Li XH, Li RW, Ao Y, Wang H. Indole-3-carbinol enhances the resolution of rat liver fibrosis and stimulates hepatic stellate cell apoptosis by blocking the inhibitor of κB kinase α/inhibitor of κB-α/nuclear factor-κB pathway. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2011; 339:694-703. [PMID: 21862660 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.111.179820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells (HSC) play a pivotal role in liver fibrosis, and the clearance of activated HSC by apoptosis is associated with the resolution of liver fibrosis. The development of strategies that promote this process in a selective way is therefore important. We evaluated the effects of indole-3-carbinol (I3C), a nutritional component derived from vegetables from the Brassica family, on liver fibrosis and HSC apoptosis. The in vivo therapeutic effects of I3C were monitored in three rat models of liver fibrosis induced by porcine serum, bile duct ligation, or multiple hepatotoxic factors, and its proapoptotic effect and molecular mechanism were studied in vitro in HSC-T6, a rat HSC line. The results showed that I3C treatment significantly reduced the number of activated HSC in the livers of rats with liver fibrosis. In histopathology, I3C reduced hepatocyte degeneration and necrosis, accelerated collagen degradation, and promoted the reversal of liver fibrosis. I3C prescribed to HSC-T6 resulted in morphologic alterations typical of apoptosis and DNA cleavage to a nucleosomal ladder. Moreover, I3C significantly increased the HSC-T6 apoptosis rate and the expression ratio of Bax to Bcl-2. High-throughput protein array analysis indicated that the tumor necrosis factor-α/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signal pathway participated in I3C-induced HSC-T6 apoptosis. Western blot and electrophoretic mobility-shift assay confirmed that I3C inhibited the phosphorylation of inhibitor of κB kinase α and inhibitor of κB-α and NF-κB DNA binding activity. In conclusion, I3C could promote the reverse process of liver fibrosis in vivo and induce apoptosis of activated HSC in vitro, which indicates the use of I3C as a potential therapeutic agent in liver fibrosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ping
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Lee YM, Cho HJ, Ponnuraj SP, Kim J, Kim JS, Kim SG, Park JHY. Phenethyl isothiocyanate inhibits 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced inflammatory responses in mouse skin. J Med Food 2011; 14:377-85. [PMID: 21303260 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2010.1296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PITC) is the hydrolysis product of the glucosinolate gluconasturtiin in cruciferous vegetables. This study was conducted to determine whether PITC inhibits 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced inflammation in the mouse ear. Topical application of 5 nmol of TPA to mouse ears markedly increased the ear weight, expression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 protein, and phosphorylation of the inhibitor of κB (IκB) α, AKT, and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) 1/2 and reduced IκBα protein levels. Pretreatment with PITC (150-450 nmol) significantly suppressed these TPA-induced inflammatory responses. We also determined whether low concentrations of PITC (0.5-5 μmol/L) inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated inflammatory responses in Raw264.7 cells. PITC dose-dependently reduced the LPS-induced secretion of nitric oxide, prostaglandin E(2), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, as well as COX-2 and iNOS protein expression. PITC also attenuated LPS-induced increases in iNOS, COX-2, IL- 6, IL-1β, and TNF-α mRNA levels, as well as the promoter-dependent transcriptional activation of the genes for iNOS and COX-2. PITC inhibited LPS-induced IκBα phosphorylation and degradation and subsequently reduced LPS-induced p65 nuclear translocation and the transcriptional activity of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), which was accompanied by a reduction in ERK1/2 and AKT phosphorylation. The results of this study demonstrated that PITC effectively inhibits inflammatory responses in vivo and in vitro, which may be mediated via the inhibition of AKT and ERK1/2 activation, leading to subsequent inhibition of the transcriptional activity of NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeo Myeong Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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