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Chen M, Lv A, Zhang S, Zheng J, Zhang M, Chen L, He Q, Zhuang J, Lin N, Xu L, Huang H. First Report of Filipino β 0-Thalassemia/β-Thalassemia in a Chinese Family. Hemoglobin 2024; 48:34-38. [PMID: 38192212 DOI: 10.1080/03630269.2023.2301487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
A pregnant woman living in Fujian Province, southeastern China, presented due to a risk of having a baby with β-thalassemia major, during her second pregnancy, since she and her husband were suspected as β-thalassemia carriers and their affected daughter was a transfusion-dependent patient. Using the common α-thalassemia and β-thalassemia genotypes test, the pregnant woman was diagnosed as a β-thalassemia carrier with βIVS-2 - 654 (C→T)/βN genotype and her daughter had a homozygosity for IVS - 2 - 654 (C→T) mutation, however, no abnormalities were detected in her husband. SMRT identified a Filipino β0-deletion in her husband, and MLPA also revealed an unknown deletion in the HBB gene. Electrophoresis showed approximately 350 bp of the PCR product, and the β-Filipino genotype presented novel fracture fragments ranging from 5,112,884 to 5,231,358 bp, and lacked a 118,475 bp fragment relative to the wild-type sequence. The daughter was therefore diagnosed with the βIVS-2 - 654 (C→T)/βFilipino genotype. Prenatal diagnosis with umbilical cord blood at 27th week of gestation showed heteroztgosity for IVS - 2 - 654 (C→T) mutation in the fetus and continued pregnancy was recommended. In conclusion, we identified the Filipino β0-deletion in a Chinese family, from Fujian area, for the first time, during prenatal screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihuan Chen
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou, China
| | - Aixiang Lv
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou, China
| | - Siwen Zhang
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou, China
- The School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Junhao Zheng
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou, China
- The School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lingji Chen
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qianqian He
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianlong Zhuang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Quanzhou Women's and Children's Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Na Lin
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liangpu Xu
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hailong Huang
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou, China
- The School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Zulkeflee RH, Bahar R, Abdullah M, Mohd Radzi MAR, Md Fauzi A, Hassan R. Application of Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing for the Investigation of Thalassemia in a Developing Country: A Single Center Experience. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13081379. [PMID: 37189480 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13081379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Thalassemia is identified as a prevalent disease in Malaysia, known to be one of the developing countries. Fourteen patients with confirmed cases of thalassemia were recruited from the Hematology Laboratory. The molecular genotypes of these patients were tested using the multiplex-ARMS and GAP-PCR methods. The samples were repeatedly investigated using the Devyser Thalassemia kit (Devyser, Sweden), a targeted NGS panel targeting the coding regions of hemoglobin genes, namely the HBA1, HBA2, and HBB genes, which were used in this study. There were many different genetic variants found in 14 unrelated cases. Out of all fourteen cases, NGS was able to determine an additional -50 G>A (HBB:c.-100G>A) that were not identified by the multiplex-ARMS method, including HBA2 mutations, namely CD 79 (HBA2:c.239C>G). Other than that, CD 142 (HBA2:c.427T>C) and another non-deletional alpha thalassemia and alpha triplication were also not picked up by the GAP-PCR methods. We illustrated a broad, targeted NGS-based test that proposes benefits rather than using traditional screening or basic molecular methods. The results of this study should be heeded, as this is the first report on the practicality of targeted NGS concerning the biological and phenotypic features of thalassemia, especially in a developing population. Discovering rare pathogenic thalassemia variants and additional secondary modifiers may facilitate precise diagnosis and better disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razan Hayati Zulkeflee
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia
- Department of Hematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia
| | - Rosnah Bahar
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia
- Department of Hematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia
| | - Marne Abdullah
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia
- Department of Hematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Amiro Rasheeq Mohd Radzi
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia
| | - Alina Md Fauzi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Bandar Baru Nilai, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
| | - Rosline Hassan
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia
- Department of Hematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia
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3
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Yousuf R, Akter S, Wasek SM, Sinha S, Ahmad R, Haque M. Thalassemia: A Review of the Challenges to the Families and Caregivers. Cureus 2022; 14:e32491. [PMCID: PMC9747324 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.32491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Murray MH, Byers KA, Buckley J, Lehrer EW, Kay C, Fidino M, Magle SB, German D. Public perception of urban wildlife during a COVID-19 stay-at-home quarantine order in Chicago. Urban Ecosyst 2022; 26:127-140. [PMID: 36196074 PMCID: PMC9523173 DOI: 10.1007/s11252-022-01284-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Reduced human activity to mitigate the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic was accompanied by reports of unusual wildlife sightings in highly developed areas. Such experiences with urban nature may have helped residents cope with the stress of the pandemic and increased public interest in urban wildlife; however, this may depend on the species residents encountered. In this study, we surveyed Chicago, Illinois, USA residents during a stay-at-home order to understand if residents in more affluent or greener neighborhoods saw more wildlife species. We also evaluated whether encounters with pest and non-pest species were associated with residents' values about wildlife. Of 593 responses included in our analyses, respondents in higher-income and greener neighborhoods were more likely to perceive increased wildlife sightings and respondents in higher-income areas reported observing a higher number common birds and mammals. Support for seeing wildlife in residential areas was associated with seeing passerine birds and not seeing rats during the stay-at-home order. Our results suggest that perceived increases in wildlife sightings were common during a stay-at-home order, especially for affluent residents, and that residents' perceptions depended on the species encountered. Understanding how changes in human behavior modifies human-wildlife interactions can help mitigate human-wildlife conflict and foster positive engagement with local wildlife. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11252-022-01284-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen H. Murray
- Dept. of Conservation and Science, Urban Wildlife Institute, Lincoln Park Zoo, 2001 N Clark St, 60614 Chicago, IL USA
| | - Kaylee A. Byers
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Department of Interdisciplinary Studies, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
- Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative, Animal Health Centre, Abbotsford, BC Canada
| | - Jacqueline Buckley
- Dept. of Conservation and Science, Urban Wildlife Institute, Lincoln Park Zoo, 2001 N Clark St, 60614 Chicago, IL USA
| | - Elizabeth W. Lehrer
- Dept. of Conservation and Science, Urban Wildlife Institute, Lincoln Park Zoo, 2001 N Clark St, 60614 Chicago, IL USA
| | - Cria Kay
- Dept. of Conservation and Science, Urban Wildlife Institute, Lincoln Park Zoo, 2001 N Clark St, 60614 Chicago, IL USA
| | - Mason Fidino
- Dept. of Conservation and Science, Urban Wildlife Institute, Lincoln Park Zoo, 2001 N Clark St, 60614 Chicago, IL USA
| | - Seth B. Magle
- Dept. of Conservation and Science, Urban Wildlife Institute, Lincoln Park Zoo, 2001 N Clark St, 60614 Chicago, IL USA
| | - Danielle German
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
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da Silva LR, Duarte FJ, dos Santos FV. Evaluation of the tribological behaviour of UHMWPE filled with industrial machining waste. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03796-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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6
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Chong ETJ, Goh LPW, Yap HJ, Yong EWC, Lee PC. Risk Association, Linkage Disequilibrium, and Haplotype Analyses of β-Like Globin Gene Polymorphisms with Malaria Risk in the Sabah Population of Malaysian Borneo. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13071229. [PMID: 35886012 PMCID: PMC9319382 DOI: 10.3390/genes13071229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the β-like globin gene of the human hosts to the risk of malaria are unclear. Therefore, this study investigates these associations in the Sabah population, with a high incidence of malaria cases. In brief, DNA was extracted from 188 post-diagnostic blood samples infected with Plasmodium parasites and 170 healthy controls without a history of malaria. Genotyping of the β-like globin C-158T, G79A, C16G, and C-551T SNPs was performed using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism approach. Risk association, linkage disequilibrium (LD), and haplotype analyses of these SNPs were assessed. This study found that the variant allele in the C-158T and C16G SNPs were protective against malaria infections by 0.5-fold, while the variant allele in the G79A SNP had a 6-fold increased risk of malaria infection. No SNP combination was in perfect LD, but several haplotypes (CGCC, CGCT, and CGGC) were identified to link with different correlation levels of malaria risk in the population. In conclusion, the C-158T, G79A, and C16G SNPs in the β-like globin gene are associated with the risk of malaria. The haplotypes (CGCC, CGCT, and CGGC) identified in this study could serve as biomarkers to estimate malaria risk in the population. This study provides essential data for the design of malaria control and management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Tzyy Jiann Chong
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia;
| | - Lucky Poh Wah Goh
- Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia; (L.P.W.G.); (H.J.Y.); (E.W.C.Y.)
| | - Ho Jin Yap
- Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia; (L.P.W.G.); (H.J.Y.); (E.W.C.Y.)
| | - Eric Wei Choong Yong
- Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia; (L.P.W.G.); (H.J.Y.); (E.W.C.Y.)
| | - Ping-Chin Lee
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia;
- Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia; (L.P.W.G.); (H.J.Y.); (E.W.C.Y.)
- Correspondence:
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Worldwide Prevalence of mcr-mediated Colistin-Resistance Escherichia coli in Isolates of Clinical Samples, Healthy Humans, and Livestock-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11060659. [PMID: 35745513 PMCID: PMC9230117 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11060659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Antimicrobial resistance is a serious public-health problem throughout the world. Escherichia coli, the most common Gram-negative microorganism, has developed different resistance mechanisms, making treating infections difficult. Colistin is considered a last-resort drug in the treatment of infections caused by E. coli. Plasmid-mediated mobile-colistin-resistant (mcr) genes in E. coli, now disseminated globally, are considered a major public-health threat. Humans, chickens, and pigs are the main reservoirs for E. coli and the sources of antibiotic resistance. Hence, an up-to-date and precise estimate of the global prevalence of mcr resistance genes in these reservoirs is necessary to understand more precisely the worldwide spread and to more effectively implement control and prevention strategies. Methodology: Publications were identified in the PubMed database on the basis of the PRISMA guidelines. English full-text articles were selected from December 2014 to March 2021. Descriptive statistics and a meta-analysis were performed in Excel and R software, respectively. Colistin resistance was defined as the molecular-genetic detection of the mcr genes. The crude and estimated prevalence were calculated for each host and continent. The studies were divided into two groups; community-based when they involved isolates from healthy humans, chickens, or pigs, and clinical studies when they involved only hospital, outpatient, or laboratory isolates. Results: A total of 1278 studies were identified and 218 were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis, divided into community studies (159 studies) and clinical studies (59 studies). The general prevalence of mcr-mediated colistin-resistant E. coli (mcrMCRE) was 6.51% (n = 11,583/177,720), reported in 54 countries and on five continents; Asia with 119 studies followed by Europe with 61 studies registered the most articles. Asia reported the major diversity of mcr-variants (eight of nine, except mcr-2). Worldwide, chickens and pigs proved to be the principal reservoir of mcr with an estimated prevalence of 15.8% and 14.9%, respectively. Healthy humans and clinical isolates showed a lower prevalence with 7.4% and 4.2% respectively. Conclusions: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the worldwide prevalence of mcr in E. coli isolated from healthy humans, chickens, and pigs was investigated. A wide prevalence and distribution of mcr genes was demonstrated on all continents in E. coli isolates from the selected reservoirs. Understanding the epidemiology and occurrence in the reservoirs of mcr in E. coli on different continents of the world facilitates tracing how mcr genes are transmitted and determining the infection risks for humans. This knowledge can be used to reduce the incidence of zoonotic transmission by implementing the appropriate control programs.
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Vijian D, Wan Ab Rahman WS, Ponnuraj KT, Zulkafli Z, Mohd Noor NH. Molecular Detection of Alpha Thalassemia: A Review of Prevalent Techniques. Medeni Med J 2021; 36:257-269. [PMID: 34915685 PMCID: PMC8565582 DOI: 10.5222/mmj.2021.14603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha thalassemia (α-thalassemia) is an autosomal recessive disorder due to the reduction or absence of α globin chain production. Laboratory diagnosis of α-thalassemia requires molecular analysis for the confirmatory diagnosis. A screening test, comprising complete blood count, blood smear and hemoglobin quantification by high performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis, may not possibly detect all the thalassemia diseases. This review focused on the molecular techniques used to detect α-thalassemia, and the advantages and disadvantages of each technique were highlighted. Multiplex gap-polymerase chain reaction, single-tube multiplex polymerase chain reaction, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification, and loop-mediated isothermal amplification were used to detect common deletion of α-thalassemia. Furthermore, the reverse dot blot analysis and a single tube multiplex polymerase chain reaction could detect non-deletion mutation of the α-globin gene. Sanger sequencing is widely used to detect non-deletion mutations of α-thalassemia. Recently, next-generation sequencing was introduced in the diagnosis of both deletion and point mutations of α-thalassemia. Despite the advantages and disadvantages of different techniques, the routine method employed in the laboratory should be based on the facility, expertise, available equipment, and economic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divashini Vijian
- Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Dental Sciences, Kubang Kerian Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Wan Suriana Wan Ab Rahman
- Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health campus, School of Dental Sciences, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | | | - Zefarina Zulkafli
- Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Medical Sciences, Department of Hematology, Kubang Kerian Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Noor Haslina Mohd Noor
- Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Medical Sciences, Department of Hematology, Kubang Kerian Kelantan, Malaysia
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Brook CE, Northrup GR, Ehrenberg AJ, Doudna JA, Boots M. Optimizing COVID-19 control with asymptomatic surveillance testing in a university environment. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2021:2020.11.12.20230870. [PMID: 33442708 PMCID: PMC7805470 DOI: 10.1101/2020.11.12.20230870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The high proportion of transmission events derived from asymptomatic or presymptomatic infections make SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent in COVID-19, difficult to control through the traditional non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) of symptom-based isolation and contact tracing. As a consequence, many US universities developed asymptomatic surveillance testing labs, to augment NPIs and control outbreaks on campus throughout the 2020-2021 academic year (AY); several of those labs continue to support asymptomatic surveillance efforts on campus in AY2021-2022. At the height of the pandemic, we built a stochastic branching process model of COVID-19 dynamics at UC Berkeley to advise optimal control strategies in a university environment. Our model combines behavioral interventions in the form of group size limits to deter superspreading, symptom-based isolation, and contact tracing, with asymptomatic surveillance testing. We found that behavioral interventions offer a cost-effective means of epidemic control: group size limits of six or fewer greatly reduce superspreading, and rapid isolation of symptomatic infections can halt rising epidemics, depending on the frequency of asymptomatic transmission in the population. Surveillance testing can overcome uncertainty surrounding asymptomatic infections, with the most effective approaches prioritizing frequent testing with rapid turnaround time to isolation over test sensitivity. Importantly, contact tracing amplifies population-level impacts of all infection isolations, making even delayed interventions effective. Combination of behavior-based NPIs and asymptomatic surveillance also reduces variation in daily case counts to produce more predictable epidemics. Furthermore, targeted, intensive testing of a minority of high transmission risk individuals can effectively control the COVID-19 epidemic for the surrounding population. Even in some highly vaccinated university settings in AY2021-2022, asymptomatic surveillance testing offers an effective means of identifying breakthrough infections, halting onward transmission, and reducing total caseload. We offer this blueprint and easy-to-implement modeling tool to other academic or professional communities navigating optimal return-to-work strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara E. Brook
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California,
Berkeley
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago
| | - Graham R. Northrup
- Center for Computational Biology, College of Engineering,
University of California, Berkeley
| | - Alexander J. Ehrenberg
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California,
Berkeley
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California,
Berkeley
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California,
Berkeley
- Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences,
University of California, San Francisco
| | | | - Jennifer A. Doudna
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California,
Berkeley
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of
California, Berkeley
- College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California,
Berkeley
| | - Mike Boots
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California,
Berkeley
- Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn,
UK
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Liu Y, Wu Y, Liu B, Zhang Y, San D, Chen Y, Zhou Y, Yu L, Zeng H, Zhou Y, Zhou F, Yang H, Yin L, Huang Y. Biomarkers and Immune Repertoire Metrics Identified by Peripheral Blood Transcriptomic Sequencing Reveal the Pathogenesis of COVID-19. Front Immunol 2021; 12:677025. [PMID: 34504487 PMCID: PMC8421539 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.677025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is a global crisis; however, our current understanding of the host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection remains limited. Herein, we performed RNA sequencing using peripheral blood from acute and convalescent patients and interrogated the dynamic changes of adaptive immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection over time. Our results revealed numerous alterations in these cohorts in terms of gene expression profiles and the features of immune repertoire. Moreover, a machine learning method was developed and resulted in the identification of five independent biomarkers and a collection of biomarkers that could accurately differentiate and predict the development of COVID-19. Interestingly, the increased expression of one of these biomarkers, UCHL1, a molecule related to nervous system damage, was associated with the clustering of severe symptoms. Importantly, analyses on immune repertoire metrics revealed the distinct kinetics of T-cell and B-cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection, with B-cell response plateaued in the acute phase and declined thereafter, whereas T-cell response can be maintained for up to 6 months post-infection onset and T-cell clonality was positively correlated with the serum level of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG. Together, the significantly altered genes or biomarkers, as well as the abnormally high levels of B-cell response in acute infection, may contribute to the pathogenesis of COVID-19 through mediating inflammation and immune responses, whereas prolonged T-cell response in the convalescents might help these patients in preventing reinfection. Thus, our findings could provide insight into the underlying molecular mechanism of host immune response to COVID-19 and facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies and effective vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yankang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Youpeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan San
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Long Yu
- Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haihong Zeng
- Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fuxiang Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Heng Yang
- Center for Systems Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yafei Huang
- Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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11
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Aziz NA, Taib WRW, Kharolazaman NK, Ismail I, Al-Jamal HAN, Jamil NWAWA, Esa E, Ibrahim H. Evidence of new intragenic HBB haplotypes model for the prediction of beta-thalassemia in the Malaysian population. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16772. [PMID: 34408192 PMCID: PMC8373976 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96018-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study sought to determine the potential role of HBB haplotypes to predict beta-thalassemia in the Malaysian population. A total of 543 archived samples were selected for this study. Five tagging SNPs in the beta-globin gene (HBB; NG_000007.3) were analyzed for SNP-based and haplotype association using SHEsis online software. Single-SNP-based association analysis showed three SNPs have a statistically significant association with beta-thalassemia. When Bonferroni correction was applied, four SNPs were found statistically significant with beta-thalassemia; IVS2-74T>G (padj = 0.047), IVS2-16G>C (padj = 0.017), IVS2-666C>T (padj = 0.017) and 3'UTR + 314G>A (padj = 0.002). However, 3'UTR + 233G>C did not yield a significant association with padj value = 0.076. Further investigation using combined five SNPs for haplotype association analysis revealed three susceptible haplotypes with significant p values of which, haplotypes 1-2-2-1-1 (p = 6.49 × 10-7, OR = 10.371 [3.345-32.148]), 1-2-1-1-1 (p = 0.009, OR = 1.423 [1.095-1.850] and 1-1-1-1-1 (p = 1.39 × 10-4, OR = 10.221 [2.345-44.555]). Three haplotypes showed protective effect with significant p value of which, 2-2-1-1-1 (p = 0.006, OR = 0.668 [0.500-0.893]), 1-1-2-2-1 (p = 0.013, OR = 0.357 [0.153-0.830]) and 1-1-2-1-1 (p = 0.033, OR = 0.745 [0.567-0.977]). This study has identified the potential use of intragenic polymorphic markers in the HBB gene, which were significantly associated with beta-thalassemia. Combining these five SNPs defined a new haplotype model for beta-thalassemia and further evaluation for predicting severity in beta-thalassemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur-Aisyah Aziz
- School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Gong Badak Campus, Terengganu, Malaysia
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Haematology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research (IMR), National Institute of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Wan-Rohani Wan Taib
- School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Gong Badak Campus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Nur-Khairunnisa Kharolazaman
- School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Gong Badak Campus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Imilia Ismail
- School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Gong Badak Campus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Hamid Ali Nagi Al-Jamal
- School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Gong Badak Campus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | | | - Ezalia Esa
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Haematology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research (IMR), National Institute of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Hishamshah Ibrahim
- Malaysian Thalassemia Registry, Medical Development Division, Ministry of Health (MOH), Putrajaya, Malaysia
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Rosa RB, Dantas WM, do Nascimento JCF, da Silva MV, de Oliveira RN, Pena LJ. In Vitro and In Vivo Models for Studying SARS-CoV-2, the Etiological Agent Responsible for COVID-19 Pandemic. Viruses 2021; 13:379. [PMID: 33673614 PMCID: PMC7997194 DOI: 10.3390/v13030379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence and rapid worldwide spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has prompted the scientific community to rapidly develop in vitro and in vivo models that could be applied in COVID-19 research. In vitro models include two-dimensional (2D) cultures of immortalized cell lines or primary cells and three-dimensional (3D) cultures derived from lung, alveoli, bronchi, and other organs. Although cell-based systems are economic and allow strict control of experimental variables, they do not always resemble physiological conditions. Thus, several in vivo models are being developed, including different strains of mice, hamsters, ferrets, dogs, cats, and non-human primates. In this review, we summarize the main models of SARS-CoV-2 infection developed so far and discuss their advantages, drawbacks and main uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael B. Rosa
- Department of Virology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife 50740-465, Brazil; (R.B.R.); (J.C.F.d.N.)
- Rodents Animal Facilities Complex, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38400-902, Brazil;
| | - Willyenne M. Dantas
- Department of Chemistry, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife 52171-900, Brazil; (W.M.D.); (R.N.d.O.)
| | - Jessica C. F. do Nascimento
- Department of Virology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife 50740-465, Brazil; (R.B.R.); (J.C.F.d.N.)
| | - Murilo V. da Silva
- Rodents Animal Facilities Complex, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38400-902, Brazil;
| | - Ronaldo N. de Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife 52171-900, Brazil; (W.M.D.); (R.N.d.O.)
| | - Lindomar J. Pena
- Department of Virology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife 50740-465, Brazil; (R.B.R.); (J.C.F.d.N.)
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Lim LN, Teh LK, Yu KS, Chua SM, George E, Lai MI, Wong L. Genetic variants of HBS1L-MYB with Hb subtypes level among Filipino β°-deletion carriers co-inherited with −α3.7 deletion thalassaemia. Meta Gene 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2020.100769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Goh LPW, Chong ETJ, Lee PC. Prevalence of Alpha(α)-Thalassemia in Southeast Asia (2010-2020): A Meta-Analysis Involving 83,674 Subjects. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E7354. [PMID: 33050119 PMCID: PMC7600098 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17207354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Alpha(α)-thalassemia is a blood disorder caused by many types of inheritable α-globin gene mutations which causes no-to-severe clinical symptoms, such as Hb Bart's hydrops fetalis that leads to early foetal death. Therefore, the aim of this meta-analysis was to provide an update from year 2010 to 2020 on the prevalence of α-thalassemia in Southeast Asia. A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed and SCOPUS databases for related studies published from 2010 to 2020, based on specified inclusion and exclusion criteria. Heterogeneity of included studies was examined with the I2 index and Q-test. Funnel plots and Egger's tests were performed in order to determine publication bias in this meta-analysis. Twenty-nine studies with 83,674 subjects were included and pooled prevalence rates in this meta-analysis were calculated using random effect models based on high observed heterogeneity (I2 > 99.5, p-value < 0.1). Overall, the prevalence of α-thalassemia is 22.6%. The highest α-thalassemia prevalence was observed in Vietnam (51.5%) followed by Cambodia (39.5%), Laos (26.8%), Thailand (20.1%), and Malaysia (17.3%). No publication bias was detected. Conclusions: This meta-analysis suggested that a high prevalence of α-thalassemia occurred in selected Southeast Asia countries. This meta-analysis data are useful for designing thalassemia screening programs and improve the disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ping-Chin Lee
- Biotechnology Programme, Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia; (L.P.W.G.); (E.T.J.C.)
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Abdullah N, Ismail N, Abd Jalal N, Mohd Radin F, Othman R, Kamalul Arifin AS, Kamaruddin MA, Jamal R. Prevalence of anaemia and associated risk factors amongst The Malaysian Cohort participants. Ann Hematol 2020; 99:2521-2527. [PMID: 32975589 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-020-04279-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed at determining the prevalence of anaemia amongst the Malaysian Cohort participants and the associated risk factors. This was a cross-sectional study that involved 102,388 participants from The Malaysian Cohort (TMC) aged between 35 and 70 years old recruited from April 2006 to September 2012. Venous blood was taken for the full blood count. The prevalence of anaemia was 13.8% with majority having the microcytic-hypochromic type (59.7%). Comparison between the ethnic groups showed that Indians have the highest prevalence of anaemia (19.9%), followed by Malays (13.1%), and Chinese (12.0%). The prevalence of anaemia was substantially higher in females (20.1%) compared to males (4.9%). Amongst the female participants, the prevalence of anaemia was highest amongst those who were younger than 49 years old and decreased as the age increased. In contrast, the prevalence of anaemia in males increased with age. Gender, ethnicity, age, marital status, presence of platelet disorders and kidney disease were significant risk factors associated with anaemia and contributed to 14.9% of the risk of developing anaemia in this population. The prevalence of anaemia amongst the Malaysian Cohort participants is 13.8% with the majority having the microcytic and hypochromic type implying iron deficiency as the main cause. It is important that those who have anaemia be further investigated and treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noraidatulakma Abdullah
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norliza Ismail
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nazihah Abd Jalal
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Farazela Mohd Radin
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Raihannah Othman
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azwa Shazwani Kamalul Arifin
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Arman Kamaruddin
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rahman Jamal
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Kattamis A, Forni GL, Aydinok Y, Viprakasit V. Changing patterns in the epidemiology of β-thalassemia. Eur J Haematol 2020; 105:692-703. [PMID: 32886826 PMCID: PMC7692954 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.13512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
β‐thalassemia major is an inherited hemoglobinopathy that requires lifelong red blood cell transfusions and iron chelation therapy to prevent complications due to iron overload. Traditionally, β‐thalassemia has been more common in certain regions of the world such as the Mediterranean, Middle East, and Southeast Asia. However, the prevalence of β‐thalassemia is increasing in other regions, including Northern Europe and North America, primarily due to migration. This review summarizes the available data on the changing incidence and prevalence of β‐thalassemia as well as factors influencing disease frequency. The data suggest that the epidemiology of β‐thalassemia is changing: Migration has increased the prevalence of the disease in regions traditionally believed to have a low prevalence, while, at the same time, prevention and screening programs in endemic regions have reduced the number of affected individuals. Various approaches to prevention and screening have been used. Region‐specific prevention and treatment programs, customized to align with local healthcare resources and cultural values, have been effective in identifying patients and carriers and providing information and care. Significant challenges remain in universally implementing these programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonis Kattamis
- First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Gian Luca Forni
- Centro della Microcitemia e Anemie Congenite e del Dismetabolismo del Ferro, Ospedale Galliera, Genoa, Italy
| | - Yesim Aydinok
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Ege University Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Vip Viprakasit
- Department of Pediatrics & Thalassemia Center, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Mohd Ibrahim H, Muda Z, Othman IS, Mohamed Unni MN, Teh KH, Thevarajah A, Gunasagaran K, Ong GB, Yeoh SL, Muhammad Rivai A, Che Mohd Razali CH, Din ND, Abdul Latiff Z, Jamal R, Mohamad N, Mohd Ariffin H, Alias H. Observational study on the current status of thalassaemia in Malaysia: a report from the Malaysian Thalassaemia Registry. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e037974. [PMID: 32601117 PMCID: PMC7328811 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Thalassaemia is the most common inherited blood disorder in Malaysia. This study aims to report the current status of thalassaemia in Malaysia and provide a comprehensive understanding of the disease through data obtained from the Malaysian Thalassaemia Registry. DESIGN Data were extracted from the Malaysian Thalassaemia Registry, a web-based system accessible to enrolled users through www.mytalasemia.net.my. SETTING The Malaysian Thalassaemia Registry data was recorded from reports obtained from 110 participating government and university hospitals in Malaysia. PARTICIPANTS The patients were those attending the 110 participating hospitals for thalassaemia treatment. INTERVENTION Data were collected from the Malaysian Thalassaemia Registry from 2007 until the fourth quarter of 2018. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE 7984 out of 8681 patients with thalassaemia registered in the Malaysian Thalassaemia Registry were reported alive. RESULTS Majority of the patients were reported in the state of Sabah (22.72%); the largest age group affected was 5.0-24.9 years old (64.45%); the largest ethnic group involved was Malay (63.95%); and the major diagnosis was haemoglobin E/β-thalassaemia (34.37%). From the 7984 patients, 56.73% were on regular blood transfusions and 61.72% were on chelation therapy. A small fraction (14.23%) has undergone splenectomy, while the percentage of patients with severe iron overload (serum ferritin ≥5000 µg/L) reduced over time. However, cardiac complications are still the main cause of death in patients with thalassaemia. CONCLUSION Data gathered into the registry can be used to understand the progression of the disorder, to monitor iron overload management and to improve the outcomes of treatment, to enhance preventive strategies, reduce healthcare burden and improve the quality of life. Sustainability of the Malaysian Thalassaemia Registry is important for surveillance of thalassaemia management in the country and help the national health authorities to develop more effective policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hishamshah Mohd Ibrahim
- Division for Research and Technical Support, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya, Wilayah Persekutuan Putrajaya, Malaysia
- Department of Paediatrics, Hospital Tunku Azizah, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zulaiha Muda
- Department of Paediatrics, Hospital Tunku Azizah, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ida Shahnaz Othman
- Department of Paediatrics, Hospital Tunku Azizah, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohamed Najib Mohamed Unni
- Department of Paediatrics, Hospital Tunku Azizah, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kok Hoi Teh
- Department of Paediatrics, Hospital Tunku Azizah, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Asohan Thevarajah
- Department of Paediatrics, Sabah Women & Children Hospital, Likas, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Kogilavani Gunasagaran
- Department of Paediatrics, Sabah Women & Children Hospital, Likas, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Gek Bee Ong
- Department of Paediatrics, Hospital Umum Sarawak, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Seoh Leng Yeoh
- Department of Paediatrics, Hospital Pulau Pinang, Georgetown, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Nazzlin Dizana Din
- Department of Paediatrics, Hospital Sultanah Nur Zahirah Kuala Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Zarina Abdul Latiff
- Department of Paediatrics, UKM Medical Centre, The National University of Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rahman Jamal
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norsarwany Mohamad
- Department of Paediatrics, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bahru, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Hany Mohd Ariffin
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hamidah Alias
- Department of Paediatrics, UKM Medical Centre, The National University of Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Fadda C, Mengistu DK, Kidane YG, Dell’Acqua M, Pè ME, Van Etten J. Integrating Conventional and Participatory Crop Improvement for Smallholder Agriculture Using the Seeds for Needs Approach: A Review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:559515. [PMID: 33042183 PMCID: PMC7522193 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.559515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In response to the climate change, it is essential to provide smallholder farmers with improved field crop genotypes that may increase the resilience of their farming system. This requires a fast turnover of varieties in a system capable of injecting significant amounts of genetic diversity into productive landscapes. Crop improvement is a pivotal strategy to cope with and adapt to climate change. Modern breeding may rely on the genomics revolution to speed up the development of new varieties with adaptive potential. However, centralized breeding may not adequately address smallholder farmers' needs for more locally acclimatized varieties or groups of varieties. This, in turn, constrains adoption of new varieties that reduces the effectiveness of a resource-intensive breeding process, an issue that may be overcome with participatory, decentralized approaches. Whether high-tech centralized breeding or decentralized participatory approaches are better suited for smallholder farmers in the global South is hotly debated. Sidestepping any false dichotomies and ideological issues in these debates, this review provides a perspective on relevant advances in a breeding approach that combines the two approaches and uses genomics for trait mining from ex situ collections of genetic materials, participatory multilocation trials and crowdsourced citizen science. It argues that this new combination of high-tech centralized and participatory decentralized methods can provide a coherent and effective approach to breeding for climate adaptation and the present review advocates on a different way forward for the future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Fadda
- Biodiversity for Food and Agriculture, African Hub, Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT, Nairobi, Kenya
- *Correspondence: Carlo Fadda,
| | - Dejene K. Mengistu
- Biodiversity for Food and Agriculture, Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Dryland Crop and Horticultural Science, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Yosef G. Kidane
- Biodiversity for Food and Agriculture, Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Sirinka Agricultural Research Centre, Amhara Region Agricultural Research Institute (ARARI), Bahar Dar, Ethiopia
| | | | - Mario Enrico Pè
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Jacob Van Etten
- Digital Inclusion, Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT, Rome, Italy
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Hockham C, Ekwattanakit S, Bhatt S, Penman BS, Gupta S, Viprakasit V, Piel FB. Estimating the burden of α-thalassaemia in Thailand using a comprehensive prevalence database for Southeast Asia. eLife 2019; 8:40580. [PMID: 31120421 PMCID: PMC6533055 DOI: 10.7554/elife.40580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe forms of α-thalassaemia, haemoglobin H disease and haemoglobin Bart’s hydrops fetalis, are an important public health concern in Southeast Asia. Yet information on the prevalence, genetic diversity and health burden of α-thalassaemia in the region remains limited. We compiled a geodatabase of α-thalassaemia prevalence and genetic diversity surveys and, using geostatistical modelling methods, generated the first continuous maps of α-thalassaemia mutations in Thailand and sub-national estimates of the number of newborns with severe forms in 2020. We also summarised the current evidence-base for α-thalassaemia prevalence and diversity for the region. We estimate that 3595 (95% credible interval 1,717–6,199) newborns will be born with severe α-thalassaemia in Thailand in 2020, which is considerably higher than previous estimates. Accurate, fine-scale epidemiological data are necessary to guide sustainable national and regional health policies for α-thalassaemia management. Our maps and newborn estimates are an important first step towards this aim. Editorial note: This article has been through an editorial process in which the authors decide how to respond to the issues raised during peer review. The Reviewing Editor's assessment is that all the issues have been addressed (see decision letter).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carinna Hockham
- The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, Australia.,Evolutionary Ecology of Infectious Disease Group, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Supachai Ekwattanakit
- Thalassaemia Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Samir Bhatt
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bridget S Penman
- Warwick Infectious Disease Epidemiology Research, School of Life Sciences, Warwick University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Sunetra Gupta
- Evolutionary Ecology of Infectious Disease Group, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Vip Viprakasit
- Thalassaemia Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Frédéric B Piel
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Prevalence of Anaemia and Iron Deficiency among Primary Schoolchildren in Malaysia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15112332. [PMID: 30360488 PMCID: PMC6266561 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15112332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to report the prevalence of anaemia and iron deficiency (ID) and to explore the associations among socio-demographic characteristics, nutritional status and inflammation status in the occurrence of anaemia and ID in a nationally representative sample of Malaysian primary schoolchildren. Using data from the South East Asian Nutrition Surveys (SEANUTS), 544 Malaysian children aged 7 to 12 years were included in this secondary analysis. Blood samples were drawn for haemoglobin and serum ferritin analysis while C-reactive protein (CRP) and α-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) were measured to detect inflammation. Prevalence of anaemia and ID were 4.0% and 5.2%, respectively. There were significantly more anaemic indigenous bumiputra children (9.9%) than Chinese children (0.6%). Correction for inflammation did not change the prevalence of ID. More overweight/obese children than thin/normal weight children were found to have elevated acute phase protein (APP). Children with elevated inflammatory markers had significantly higher ferritin level than children without inflammation. Periodic health assessments of anaemia and ID at the population level to monitor and clarify the epidemiology of health problems are required to inform public health policies and strategies.
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21
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Teh LK, Elizabeth G, Lai MI, Wong L, Ismail P. Haplotype Analysis of β-Thalassaemia Major and Carriers with Filipino β°-Deletion in Sabah, Malaysia. Malays J Med Sci 2018; 25:63-71. [PMID: 30914848 PMCID: PMC6422544 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2018.25.4.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Filipino β°-deletion has been reported as a unique mutation in East Malaysia with a severe phenotype due to the complete absence of β-globin chain synthesis. In this study, the haplotype patterns of the β-globin gene cluster were used to relate the human genetic variation to this specific β-thalassaemia mutation. METHODS The 376 study subjects included 219 β-thalassaemia major (β-TM) patients with homozygous Filipino β°-deletion and 157 carriers with heterozygous Filipino β°-deletion from 10 government hospitals in different regions of Sabah. Genomic DNA was isolated from whole blood using silica membrane based DNA purification protocol. Polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (PCR-RFLP) was conducted on five markers within the β-globin gene cluster to construct the haplotype patterns. RESULTS Four haplotypes (Haplotype I-IV) were identified with Haplotype I as the predominant haplotype with the highest frequency of 0.98, followed by Haplotype II, III and Haplotype IV with 0.02. Haplotype I was strongly linked with the Filipino β°-deletion among the indigenous population. CONCLUSION Haplotype I as the predominant haplotype suggests the patients with the Filipino β°-deletion in Sabah have a similar origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Kuan Teh
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 39100 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - George Elizabeth
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Assunta Hospital, Jalan Templer, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mei I Lai
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Lily Wong
- Department of Medicine, Hospital Queen Elizabeth, 88586 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Patimah Ismail
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Prevalence of Anaemia among the Elderly in Malaysia and Its Associated Factors: Does Ethnicity Matter? JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 2018:1803025. [PMID: 29853924 PMCID: PMC5949179 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1803025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Anaemia is common among the elderly, yet it remains an underresearched clinical condition. This study investigates ethnic differences in prevalence of anaemia and identifies potential factors associated with anaemia in the elderly. Methods Data from the National Health & Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2015 conducted by Ministry of Health was analyzed. Haemoglobin levels were measured using point-of-care testing, HemoCue® Hb 201+ System©, from consenting individuals. Demographic information and other clinical information were obtained through a structured questionnaire. Descriptive and multivariate analyses were conducted and significant results were presented as adjusted odds ratio. Results A total of 3794 participants aged 60 years and older responded to the anaemia module with a response rate of 93.7%. 64.0% of respondents were of Malay ethnicity, 21.6% were Chinese, 6.1% were Indians, and 8.3% were of other ethnicities. The overall prevalence of anaemia among older people was 35.3%. The highest prevalence of anaemia was found among respondents of Indian ethnicity (45.5%). The Indian (aOR: 1.72; 95% CI 1.26–2.34) and Malay (aOR: 1.25; 95% CI 1.04–1.49) ethnic groups were more likely to be anaemic in comparison to those of Chinese ethnicity. Anaemia in older people was also associated with increasing age, history of hospital admission, and the presence of diabetes mellitus. Conclusion Anaemia in the elderly is associated with Indian and Malay ethnicities, increasing age, hospitalization, and diabetes. Our study has identified important information on a common condition which will guide and assist future studies in reducing the burden of anaemia.
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Pediatric melioidosis in Sarawak, Malaysia: Epidemiological, clinical and microbiological characteristics. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005650. [PMID: 28599008 PMCID: PMC5479590 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Melioidosis is a serious, and potentially fatal community-acquired infection endemic to northern Australia and Southeast Asia, including Sarawak, Malaysia. The disease, caused by the usually intrinsically aminoglycoside-resistant Burkholderia pseudomallei, most commonly affects adults with predisposing risk factors. There are limited data on pediatric melioidosis in Sarawak. Methods A part prospective, part retrospective study of children aged <15 years with culture-confirmed melioidosis was conducted in the 3 major public hospitals in Central Sarawak between 2009 and 2014. We examined epidemiological, clinical and microbiological characteristics. Findings Forty-two patients were recruited during the 6-year study period. The overall annual incidence was estimated to be 4.1 per 100,000 children <15 years, with marked variation between districts. No children had pre-existing medical conditions. Twenty-three (55%) had disseminated disease, 10 (43%) of whom died. The commonest site of infection was the lungs, which occurred in 21 (50%) children. Other important sites of infection included lymph nodes, spleen, joints and lacrimal glands. Seven (17%) children had bacteremia with no overt focus of infection. Delays in diagnosis and in melioidosis-appropriate antibiotic treatment were observed in nearly 90% of children. Of the clinical isolates tested, 35/36 (97%) were susceptible to gentamicin. Of these, all 11 isolates that were genotyped were of a single multi-locus sequence type, ST881, and possessed the putative B. pseudomallei virulence determinants bimABp, fhaB3, and the YLF gene cluster. Conclusions Central Sarawak has a very high incidence of pediatric melioidosis, caused predominantly by gentamicin-susceptible B. pseudomallei strains. Children frequently presented with disseminated disease and had an alarmingly high death rate, despite the absence of any apparent predisposing risk factor. Melioidosis is a serious, and often fatal community-acquired infection endemic to Southeast Asia and northern Australia. It is caused by the environmental saprophyte Burkholderia pseudomallei, a bacterium that is intrinsically resistant to many commonly used antibiotics. Its presence in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, has been documented, and recently, a novel gentamicin-susceptible strain discovered. However, there are limited data on the burden and clinical characteristics of melioidosis in Sarawak, both in adults and in children. In this study, we comprehensively investigated all pediatric melioidosis cases in Central Sarawak over a 6-year period. We found that this region has a very high incidence of pediatric melioidosis, and that children frequently presented with disseminated disease and had high fatality rates, despite the absence of any predisposing risk factor. We confirmed that these infections were caused predominantly by gentamicin-susceptible B. pseudomallei strains. We also highlighted other undescribed epidemiological, clinical and microbiological features, which may help in the overall understanding of B. pseudomallei infections. We emphasized the importance of improving the awareness and recognition of melioidosis in children, both in Sarawak and in other endemic regions.
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Lee WS, Teo KM, Ng RT, Chong SY, Kee BP, Chua KH. Novel mutations in SKIV2L and TTC37 genes in Malaysian children with trichohepatoenteric syndrome. Gene 2016; 586:1-6. [PMID: 27050310 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Trichohepatoenteric syndrome (THES) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that is classically associated with intractable diarrhea with an onset within the first few months of life. Herein, we investigated and reported novel mutations in two causal genes in 3 Malaysian cases. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood obtained from patients in two Malaysian Chinese families. The exons of SKIV2L and TTC37 genes were amplified and sequenced by bi-directional sequencing to identify the point mutations within the coding sequence. Three Chinese boys from two families with characteristic features and clinical course were diagnosed with THES. In family-1, two point mutations were identified in the SKIV2L gene (c.1891G>A and c.3187C>T). In family-2, a single-nucleotide duplication (c.3426dupA) was found in the TTC37 gene. These mutations cause the production of abnormal non-functional gene product leading to the clinical manifestations in the patients. We reported three point mutations, which have not been previously described in other patients with THES in SKIV2L and TTC37 genes, including one nonsense, one frameshift, and one missense mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Way Seah Lee
- Department of Paediatrics, University Malaya Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; University Malaya Paediatric and Child Health Research Group, University Malaya Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kai Ming Teo
- Department of Paediatrics, University Malaya Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ruey Terng Ng
- Department of Paediatrics, University Malaya Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sze Yee Chong
- Department of Paediatrics, University Malaya Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Boon Pin Kee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kek Heng Chua
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Kho SL, Chua KH, George E, Tan JAMA. A novel gap-PCR with high resolution melting analysis for the detection of α-thalassaemia Southeast Asian and Filipino β°-thalassaemia deletion. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13937. [PMID: 26365497 PMCID: PMC4568469 DOI: 10.1038/srep13937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Homozygosity for the α-thalassaemia Southeast Asian (α-SEA) and Filipino β0-thalassaemia (β-FIL) deletions can cause serious complications leading to foetal death or life-long blood transfusions. A rapid and accurate molecular detection assay is essential in populations where the deletions are common. In this study, gap-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with high resolution melting (HRM) analysis was developed to detect both the large deletions. Melting curves at 86.9 ± 0.1 °C were generated by normal individuals without the α-SEA deletion, 84.7 ± 0.1 °C by homozygous α-SEA deletion individuals and two melting curves at 84.7 ± 0.1 °C and 86.9 ± 0.1 °C by α-SEA deletion carriers. Normal individuals without the β-FIL deletion produce amplicons with a melting temperature (Tm) at 74.6 ± 0.1 °C, homozygous β-FIL individuals produce amplicons with Tm at 73.6 ± 0.1 °C and heterozygous β-FIL individuals generate two amplicons with Tm at 73.6 ± 0.1 °C and 74.6 ± 0.1 °C. Evaluation using blinded tests on 220 DNA samples showed 100% sensitivity and specificity. The developed assays are sensitive and specific for rapid molecular and prenatal diagnosis for the α-SEA and β-FIL deletions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siew Leng Kho
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kek Heng Chua
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Jin Ai Mary Anne Tan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Association between PDCD1 Gene Polymorphisms and Risk of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Three Main Ethnic Groups of the Malaysian Population. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:9794-803. [PMID: 25938972 PMCID: PMC4463618 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16059794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The programmed cell death 1 (PDCD1) gene encodes for the PD-1 (programmed death 1) molecule, which negatively regulates self-reactive T- and B-cells in the maintenance of peripheral tolerance. A previous report had shown the development of lupus-like phenotypes in PD-1-deficient C57BL/6 mice, was suggestive to the role of PDCD1 in predisposing to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Hence, we aimed to investigate the association between PDCD1 and SLE susceptibility in the Malaysian population. A TaqMan-based real-time PCR was employed to screen for PD1.1, PD1.3, PD1.5 and PD1.6 in both SLE and healthy control groups of 200 samples each. The observed frequency for PD1.5C/C genotype was significantly higher in Indian SLE patients and Malay controls (p < 0.01). On the other hand, the PD1.5C/T genotype might predispose the Malays to SLE, but confer a protective effect among the Indians (p < 0.01). The PD1.1, PD1.3 and PD1.6 were, however, not correlated to genetic predisposition of SLE in our Malaysian population. In conclusion, PD1.5 variant was significantly associated to SLE susceptibility in our Malaysian cohort. Our failure in replicating the association between other investigated PDCD1 variants and risk of getting SLE might due to ethnic and geographic variations in the distribution of these genetic variants.
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Sumera A, Radhakrishnan A, Baba AA, George E. Review: Beta-thalassemia and molecular chaperones. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2015; 54:348-52. [PMID: 25648458 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Thalassemia is known as a diverse single gene disorder, which is prevalent worldwide. The molecular chaperones are set of proteins that help in two important processes while protein synthesis and degradation include folding or unfolding and assembly or disassembly, thereby helping in cell homeostasis. This review recaps current knowledge regarding the role of molecular chaperones in thalassemia, with a focus on beta thalassemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshan Sumera
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Ammu Radhakrishnan
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Aziz Baba
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Elizabeth George
- Department of Pathology, University Putra Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Tan JAMA, Chin SS, Ong GB, Mohamed Unni MN, Soosay AER, Gudum HR, Kho SL, Chua KH, Chen JJ, George E. Transfusion-dependent thalassemia in Northern Sarawak: a molecular study to identify different genotypes in the multi-ethnic groups and the importance of genomic sequencing in unstudied populations. Public Health Genomics 2014; 18:60-4. [PMID: 25412720 DOI: 10.1159/000368342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although thalassemia is a genetic hemoglobinopathy in Malaysia, there is limited data on thalassemia mutations in the indigenous groups. This study aims to identify the types of globin gene mutations in transfusion-dependent patients in Northern Sarawak. METHODS Blood was collected from 32 patients from the Malay, Chinese, Kedayan, Bisayah, Kadazandusun, Tagal, and Bugis populations. The α- and β-globin gene mutations were characterized using DNA amplification and genomic sequencing. RESULTS Ten β- and 2 previously reported α-globin defects were identified. The Filipino β-deletion represented the majority of the β-thalassemia alleles in the indigenous patients. Homozygosity for the deletion was observed in all Bisayah, Kadazandusun and Tagal patients. The β-globin gene mutations in the Chinese patients were similar to the Chinese in West Malaysia. Hb Adana (HBA2:c.179G>A) and the -α(3.7)/αα deletion were detected in 5 patients. A novel 24-bp deletion in the α2-globin gene (HBA2:c.95 + 5_95 + 28delGGCTCCCTCCCCTGCTCCGACCCG) was identified by sequencing. Co-inheritance of α-thalassemia with β-thalassemia did not ameliorate the severity of thalassemia major in the patients. CONCLUSION The Filipino β-deletion was the most common gene defect observed. Homozygosity for the Filipino β-deletion appears to be unique to the Malays in Sarawak. Genomic sequencing is an essential tool to detect rare genetic variants in the study of new populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ai M A Tan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Splenectomy improves anaemia but does not reduce iron burden in patients with haemoglobin H Constant Spring disease. BLOOD TRANSFUSION = TRASFUSIONE DEL SANGUE 2014; 12:471-8. [PMID: 24960653 DOI: 10.2450/2014.0247-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Splenectomy is reported to increase the haemoglobin level in patients with haemoglobin H Constant Spring (HbH CS) disease; however, its impact on iron burden and the underlying mechanism remains unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS From March through to May 2013, a total of 50 adults with HbH CS disease (25 cases splenectomised and 25 cases non-splenectomised) were enrolled. The patients' general conditions, history of blood transfusion and iron chelator treatment were investigated. Levels of haemoglobin, nucleated red blood cell counts, and serum ferritin were measured. The percentage of apoptotic erythroid precursor cells in bone marrow, an index representing ineffective erythropoiesis, was determined in some cases. RESULTS There were no significant differences in age, blood transfusion volume, and use of iron chelator drugs between the splenectomised group and the non-splenectomised group. Significantly higher haemoglobin levels, serum ferritin levels and nucleated red blood cell counts as well as a higher percentage of apoptotic erythroid progenitor cells were detected in the splenectomised group. Regression analysis revealed that age and nucleated red blood cell counts were independent risk factors affecting the serum ferritin level. DISCUSSION Despite improving the haemoglobin level, splenectomy is associated with greater iron burden in HbH CS disease. A high nucleated red blood cell count is predictive of the risk of severe iron overload.
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Teh LK, Lee TY, Tan JAMA, Lai MI, George E. The use of Taqman genotyping assays for rapid confirmation of β-thalassaemia mutations in the Malays: accurate diagnosis with low DNA concentrations. Int J Lab Hematol 2014; 37:79-89. [PMID: 24725998 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In Malaysia, β-thalassaemia is a common inherited blood disorder in haemoglobin synthesis with a carrier rate of 4.5%. Currently, PCR-incorporating techniques such as amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) or reverse dot blot hybridization (RDBH) are used in β-thalassaemia mutation detection. ARMS allows single-mutation identification using two reactions, one for wild type and another for mutant alleles. RDBH requires probe immobilization and optimization of hybridization and washing temperatures which is time consuming. The aim of our study was to investigate whether β-thalassaemia mutations can be identified in samples with low DNA concentrations. METHODS Genotype identification of common β-thalassaemia mutations in Malays was carried out using Taqman genotyping assays. RESULTS Results show that the Taqman assays allow mutation detection with DNA template concentrations as low as 2-100 ng. In addition, consistent reproducibility was observed in the Taqman assays when repeated eight times and at different time intervals. CONCLUSION The developed sensitive Taqman assays allow molecular characterization of β-thalassaemia mutations in samples with low DNA concentrations. The Taqman genotyping assays have potential as a diagnostic tool for foetal blood, chorionic villi or pre-implantation genetic diagnosis where DNA is limited and precious.
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Affiliation(s)
- L-K Teh
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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Molecular basis of transfusion dependent beta-thalassemia major patients in Sabah. J Hum Genet 2013; 59:119-23. [PMID: 24369358 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2013.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Beta-thalassemia is one of the most prevalent inherited diseases and a public health problem in Malaysia. Malaysia is geographically divided into West and East Malaysia. In Sabah, a state in East Malaysia, there are over 1000 estimated cases of β-thalassemia major patients. Accurate population frequency data of the molecular basis of β-thalassemia major are needed for planning its control in the high-risk population of Sabah. Characterization of β-globin gene defects was done in 252 transfusion dependent β-thalassemia patients incorporating few PCR techniques. The study demonstrates that β-thalassemia mutations inherited are ethnically dependent. It is important to note that 86.9% of transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia major patients in Sabah were of the indigenous population and homozygous for a single mutation. The Filipino β(0)-deletion was a unique mutation found in the indigenous population of Sabah. Mutations common in West Malaysia were found in 11 (4.3%) patients. Four rare mutations (Hb Monroe, CD 8/9, CD 123/124/125 and IVS I-2) were also found. This study is informative on the population genetics of β-thalassemia major in Sabah.
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Ahmad R, Saleem M, Aloysious NS, Yelumalai P, Mohamed N, Hassan S. Distribution of alpha thalassaemia gene variants in diverse ethnic populations in malaysia: data from the institute for medical research. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:18599-614. [PMID: 24025420 PMCID: PMC3794797 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140918599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha thalassaemia is highly prevalent in the plural society of Malaysia and is a public health problem. Haematological and molecular data from 5016 unrelated patients referred from various hospitals to the Institute for Medical Research for α thalassaemia screening from 2007 to 2010 were retrieved. The aims of this retrospective analysis were to describe the distribution of various alpha thalassaemia alleles in different ethnic groups, along with their genotypic interactions, and to illustrate the haematological changes associated with each phenotype. Amongst the patients, 51.2% (n = 2567) were diagnosed with α thalassaemia. Of the 13 α thalassaemia determinants screened, eight different deletions and mutations were demonstrated: three double gene deletions, --(SEA), --(THAI), --(FIL); two single-gene deletions, α-³·⁷ and -α⁴·²; and three non-deletion mutations, Cd59G > A (haemoglobin [Hb] Adana), Cd125T > C (Hb Quong Sze) and Cd142 (Hb Constant Spring). A high incidence of α-³·⁷ deletion was observed in Malays, Indians, Sabahans, Sarawakians and Orang Asli people. However, the --SEA deletion was the most common cause of alpha thalassaemia in Chinese, followed by the α-³·⁷ deletion. As many as 27 genotypic interactions showed 1023 α thalassaemia silent carriers, 196 homozygous α⁺ thalassaemia traits, 973 heterozygous α⁰ thalassaemia carriers and 375 patients with Hb H disease. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference in the distribution of α thalassaemia determinants amongst the various ethnic groups. Hence, the heterogeneous distribution of common determinants indicated that the introduction of an ethnicity-targeted hierarchical α thalassaemia screening approach in this multi-ethnic Malaysian population would be effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahimah Ahmad
- Haematology Unit, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; E-Mails: (N.S.A.); (P.Y.); (N.M.); (S.H.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +603-2616-2666; Fax: +603-2693-9335
| | - Mohamed Saleem
- Genetic Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; E-Mail:
| | - Nisha Sabrina Aloysious
- Haematology Unit, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; E-Mails: (N.S.A.); (P.Y.); (N.M.); (S.H.)
| | - Punithawathy Yelumalai
- Haematology Unit, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; E-Mails: (N.S.A.); (P.Y.); (N.M.); (S.H.)
| | - Nurul Mohamed
- Haematology Unit, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; E-Mails: (N.S.A.); (P.Y.); (N.M.); (S.H.)
| | - Syahzuwan Hassan
- Haematology Unit, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; E-Mails: (N.S.A.); (P.Y.); (N.M.); (S.H.)
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Yin XL, Zhang XH, Wu ZK, Zhao DH, Zhou YL, Yu YH, Liu TN, Fang SP, Zhou TH, Wang L, Huang J. Pulmonary hypertension risk in patients with hemoglobin h disease: low incidence and absence of correlation with splenectomy. Acta Haematol 2013; 130:153-9. [PMID: 23711936 DOI: 10.1159/000347177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PHT) is a common complication for patients with β thalassemia intermediate (TI), especially splenectomized patients. However, the frequency and risk factors of PHT in patients with hemoglobin H (HbH) disease is unknown. The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of PHT risk manifested as tricuspid regurgitant jet velocity (TRV) ≥2.5 m/s in patients with HbH disease and its correlation with splenectomy. One hundred and ninety-eight patients with HbH disease who visited the 303rd Hospital of the People's Liberation Army (Nanning, China) were investigated. Thirteen subjects (6.5%) were diagnosed as having a risk of PHT. Regression analyses showed that the prevalence of PHT risk was correlated only with age (r = 0.195, p = 0.006) and not with splenectomy. The risk of PHT in patients older than 35 years was 5.7 times (range 1.8-18.6) greater than that for patients younger than 35 years. For splenectomized patients compared to those with HbH disease, patients with TI had a higher frequency of PHT risk, higher nucleated red blood cell counts (46.03 ± 41.11 × 10(9)/l vs. 0.18 ± 1.19 × 10(9)/l, p < 0.001) and a higher platelet counts (837.6 ± 178.9 × 10(9)/l vs. 506.7 ± 146.2 × 10(9)/l, p < 0.001). PHT risk is low in patients with HbH disease and does not correlate with splenectomy. Patients older than 35 years should be monitored regularly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lin Yin
- Department of Hematology, 303rd Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Nanning, PR China
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Kho SL, Chua KH, George E, Tan JAMA. High throughput molecular confirmation of β-thalassemia mutations using novel TaqMan probes. SENSORS 2013; 13:2506-14. [PMID: 23429513 PMCID: PMC3649372 DOI: 10.3390/s130202506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Revised: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
β-Thalassemia is a public health problem where 4.5% of Malaysians are β-thalassemia carriers. The genetic disorder is caused by defects in the β-globin gene complex which lead to reduced or complete absence of β-globin chain synthesis. Five TaqMan genotyping assays were designed and developed to detect the common β-thalassemia mutations in Malaysian Malays. The assays were evaluated with 219 “blinded” DNA samples and the results showed 100% sensitivity and specificity. The in-house designed TaqMan genotyping assays were found to be cost- and time-effective for characterization of β-thalassemia mutations in the Malaysian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siew Leng Kho
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; E-Mails: (S.L.K.); (K.H.C.)
| | - Kek Heng Chua
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; E-Mails: (S.L.K.); (K.H.C.)
| | - Elizabeth George
- Department of Pathology-Hematology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; E-Mail:
| | - Jin Ai Mary Anne Tan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; E-Mails: (S.L.K.); (K.H.C.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +603-7967-4903; Fax: +603-7967-6600
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Lian LH, Lau TP, Lee VL, Lee WS, Hilmi I, Goh KL, Chua KH. Lack of association between TYK2 and STAT3 genes and Crohn's disease in the Malaysian population. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2013; 12:167-74. [PMID: 23408403 DOI: 10.4238/2013.january.24.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the potential association of TYK2 and STAT3 genes with the susceptibility to Crohn's disease (CD) among Malaysians. DNA samples were obtained from 80 CD patients and 100 healthy controls. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism methods were employed for genotyping, followed by statistical analysis. In our current study, none of the single nucleotide polymorphisms of either TYK2 or STAT3 was statistically associated with the susceptibility to CD in our local population (P > 0.05). In contrast, there was a statistically significant association between the G/G homozygotes of the STAT3 rs2293152 and the healthy control group (χ(2) = 6.229, P < 0.05). In conclusion, our study does not support the role of the TYK2 and STAT3 genes influencing CD susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Lian
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Ngim CF, Lai NM, Ibrahim H, Ratnasingam V. Attitudes towards prenatal diagnosis and abortion in a multi-ethnic country: a survey among parents of children with thalassaemia major in Malaysia. J Community Genet 2013; 4:215-21. [PMID: 23296641 DOI: 10.1007/s12687-012-0133-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Thalassaemia is a public health problem in multi-ethnic Malaysia which mainly affects the Malays, Kadazan-Dusuns and Chinese. This study, the first in Malaysia, aims to evaluate the acceptability of prenatal diagnosis and abortion among Malaysian parents who have a child or children with thalassaemia major and the socio-demographic factors affecting their decision-making. A pre-structured questionnaire was distributed to parents of children with thalassaemia major. Response rate for completed surveys was 99.1 %. Out of 116 respondents, the majority (83/71.6 %) were agreeable for prenatal diagnosis, but only 33 (28.4 %) agreed to both prenatal diagnosis followed by termination of affected foetuses. Of parents who declined abortion, 77.6 % cited religious restriction as the main reason, and their religious background was a significant factor (p = 0.001), with 73.4 % of Muslim participants against termination compared to 25 % of Christians and 13.3 % of Buddhists. Gender, age, highest education level and number of children affected with thalassaemia were non-significant predictors in decision-making regarding abortion. The acceptance rate for termination of foetuses with thalassaemia major in Malaysia is low especially among the Muslims due to religious non-permissibility. Therefore, scholarly deliberations among the Malaysian Muslim religious authorities that result in a supportive stance in this issue may contribute to a more successful prevention programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Fang Ngim
- Department of Paediatrics, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Sunway Campus, Johor Bahru, Malaysia,
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Ng ZX, Kuppusamy UR, Tajunisah I, Fong KCS, Chua KH. Investigation of SLC2A1 26177A/G gene polymorphism via high resolution melting curve analysis in Malaysian patients with diabetic retinopathy. J Diabetes Complications 2012; 26:388-92. [PMID: 22795339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2012.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In this study, we aimed to investigate the possible association between SLC2A1 26177A/G polymorphism and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in Malaysian patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS Genomic DNA was extracted from 211 Malaysian type 2 diabetic patients (100 without retinopathy [DNR], 111 with retinopathy) and 165 healthy controls. A high resolution melting assay developed in this study was used to detect SLC2A1 26177A/G polymorphism followed by statistical analysis. RESULTS A statistically significant difference in 26177G minor allele frequency between healthy controls (19.7 %) and total patient group (26.1 %) (p<0.05, Odd ratio = 1.437, 95% Confidence interval = 1.015-2.035) as well as between healthy controls (19.7 %) and DNR patients (27.5%) (p<0.05, Odd ratio = 1.546, 95% Confidence interval = 1.024-2.336) was shown in this study. However, when compared between DR and DNR patients, there was no significant difference (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS This is the first study which shows that SLC2A1 26177G allele is associated with type 2 diabetes in Malaysian population but not with DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Xiang Ng
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Ng ZX, Kuppusamy UR, Tajunisah I, Fong KCS, Chua KH. Association analysis of -429T/C and -374T/A polymorphisms of receptor of advanced glycation end products (RAGE) gene in Malaysian with type 2 diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2012; 95:372-7. [PMID: 22154374 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2011.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2011] [Revised: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Conflicting results have been reported in different populations on the association between two particular RAGE gene polymorphisms (-429T/C and -374T/A) and retinopathy in diabetic patients. Therefore this study was designed to assess the association between both gene polymorphisms with retinopathy in Malaysian diabetic patients. A total of 342 type 2 diabetic patients [171 without retinopathy (DNR) and 171 with retinopathy (DR)] and 235 healthy controls were included in this study. Genomic DNA was obtained from blood samples and the screening for the gene polymorphisms was done using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism approach. Overall, the genotype distribution for both polymorphisms was not statistically different (p>0.05) among the control, DNR and DR groups. The -429C minor allele frequency of DR group (12.0%) was not significantly different (p>0.05) when compared to DNR group (16.1%) and healthy controls (11.3%). The -374A allele frequency also did not differ significantly between the control and DNR (p>0.05), control and DR (p>0.05) as well as DNR and DR groups (p>0.05). This is the first study report on RAGE gene polymorphism in Malaysian DR patients. In conclusion, -429T/C and -374T/A polymorphisms in the promoter region of RAGE gene were not associated with Malaysian type 2 DR patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Xiang Ng
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Ng ZX, Kuppusamy UR, Tajunisah I, Fong KCS, Koay ACA, Chua KH. 2245G/A polymorphism of the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) gene is associated with diabetic retinopathy in the Malaysian population. Br J Ophthalmol 2011; 96:289-92. [PMID: 22116960 PMCID: PMC3261748 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2011-300658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background/aims The receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic microvascular complications. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between 2245G/A gene polymorphism of the RAGE gene and retinopathy in Malaysian type 2 diabetic patients. Methods 342 unrelated type 2 diabetic patients (171 with retinopathy (DR), 171 without retinopathy (DNR)) and 235 unrelated healthy subjects from all over Malaysia were recruited for this study. Genomic DNA was isolated from 3 ml samples of whole blood using a modified conventional DNA extraction method. The genotype and allele frequencies of 2245G/A were studied using the polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Results A statistically significant difference in 2245A minor allele frequency was found between control (5.5%) and DR groups (15.2%) (p<0.001, OR=3.06, 95% CI 1.87 to 5.02) as well as between DNR (8.2%) and DR (15.2%) groups (p<0.01, OR=2.01, 95% CI 1.24 to 3.27). However, when the frequency was compared between control and DNR groups, there was no significant difference (p>0.05). Conclusions This is the first study that shows an association between the 2245A allele of the RAGE gene and development of diabetic retinopathy in the Malaysian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Xiang Ng
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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