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Holthaus E, O'Neill M, Jeske W, DeChristopher P, Goodman J, Glynn L, Levin S, Muraskas J. Endocan: A biomarker for endothelial dysfunction and inflammation, linking maternal obesity and pediatric obesity in a cohort of preterm neonates. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2024; 297:132-137. [PMID: 38626514 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2024.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Numerous animal and epidemiologic studies have demonstrated a positive association between maternal obesity in pregnancy and obesity in offspring. The biologic mechanisms of this association remain under investigation. One proposed mechanism includes fetoplacental endothelial dysfunction secondary to inflammation. Endocan is a relatively new biomarker for endothelial dysfunction and inflammation. Our objectives were to examine (1) the association between maternal obesity and neonatal serum endocan at birth, and (2) the association between neonatal serum endocan at birth and pediatric obesity at 24-36 months of age. STUDY DESIGN This was a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort of neonates born < 33 weeks gestation. Serum endocan was collected within 48 hours of birth. Serum endocan levels were compared in neonates born to obese mothers vs. those born to non-obese mothers. BMI data were retrospectively collected from cohort neonates between 24 and 36 months of age. RESULTS The analysis included 120 mother/neonate dyads. Neonates born to obese mothers had higher median serum endocan at birth compared to neonates born to non-obese mothers (299 ng/L [205-586] vs. 251 ng/L [164-339], p = 0.045). In a linear regression modeled on neonatal serum endocan level, maternal obesity had a statistically significant positive association (p = 0.021). Higher mean serum endocan level at birth was associated with pediatric obesity between 24 and 36 months (obese vs. non-obese offspring; 574 ng/L (222) vs. 321 ng/L (166), p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS In our cohort of preterm neonates, elevated serum endocan at birth was associated with both maternal obesity and downstream pediatric obesity. More research is needed to understand intergenerational transmission of obesity. A large focus has been on epigenetic modification. Endothelial dysfunction and inflammation may play important roles in these pathways. Effective biomarkers, including endocan, may also serve as intermediate outcomes in future pregnancy research.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Holthaus
- Maternal Fetal Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, 2160 S. 1(st) Ave, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
| | - M O'Neill
- Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, 2160 S. 1(st) Ave, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - W Jeske
- Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. 1(st) Ave, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - P DeChristopher
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Transfusion Medicine. Loyola University Medical Center, 2160 S. 1(st) Ave, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - J Goodman
- Maternal Fetal Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, MU Women's Hospital, 404 N Keene St, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - L Glynn
- Pediatric Surgery, NYU Langone Hospital, 120 Mineola Blvd, Suite 210, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
| | - S Levin
- Neonatal Perinatal. University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, 1200 North Everett Drive, ETNP 7504, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - J Muraskas
- Neonatal-Perinatal Research, Neonatology, Loyola University Medical Center, 2160 S. 1(st) Ave, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
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Grossini E, Aquino CI, Venkatesan S, Troìa L, Tizzoni E, Fumagalli F, Ferrante D, Vaschetto R, Remorgida V, Surico D. Plasma Redox Balance in Advanced-Maternal-Age Pregnant Women and Effects of Plasma on Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4869. [PMID: 38732088 PMCID: PMC11084157 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy at advanced maternal age (AMA) is a condition of potential risk for the development of maternal-fetal complications with possible repercussions even in the long term. Here, we analyzed the changes in plasma redox balance and the effects of plasma on human umbilical cord mesenchymal cells (hUMSCs) in AMA pregnant women (patients) at various timings of pregnancy. One hundred patients and twenty pregnant women younger than 40 years (controls) were recruited and evaluated at various timings during pregnancy until after delivery. Plasma samples were used to measure the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), glutathione and nitric oxide (NO). In addition, plasma was used to stimulate the hUMSCs, which were tested for cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NO release. The obtained results showed that, throughout pregnancy until after delivery in patients, the levels of plasma glutathione and NO were lower than those of controls, while those of TBARS were higher. Moreover, plasma of patients reduced cell viability and NO release, and increased ROS release in hUMSCs. Our results highlighted alterations in the redox balance and the presence of potentially harmful circulating factors in plasma of patients. They could have clinical relevance for the prevention of complications related to AMA pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Grossini
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Carmen Imma Aquino
- Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, “Maggiore della Carità” Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy; (C.I.A.); (E.T.); (F.F.); (V.R.); (D.S.)
| | - Sakthipriyan Venkatesan
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Libera Troìa
- Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, “Maggiore della Carità” Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy; (C.I.A.); (E.T.); (F.F.); (V.R.); (D.S.)
| | - Eleonora Tizzoni
- Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, “Maggiore della Carità” Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy; (C.I.A.); (E.T.); (F.F.); (V.R.); (D.S.)
| | - Federica Fumagalli
- Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, “Maggiore della Carità” Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy; (C.I.A.); (E.T.); (F.F.); (V.R.); (D.S.)
| | - Daniela Ferrante
- Medical Statistics, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Rosanna Vaschetto
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Valentino Remorgida
- Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, “Maggiore della Carità” Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy; (C.I.A.); (E.T.); (F.F.); (V.R.); (D.S.)
| | - Daniela Surico
- Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, “Maggiore della Carità” Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy; (C.I.A.); (E.T.); (F.F.); (V.R.); (D.S.)
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Moura KF, Silva DGD, Vidigal CB, Silva GSSE, Pinto IC, Simão ANC, Marques BVD, Andrade FGD, Casagrande R, Gerardin DCC, Akamine EH, Franco MDCP, Ceravolo GS. Vascular dysfunction programmed in male rats by topiramate during peripubertal period. Life Sci 2024; 343:122488. [PMID: 38428573 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
AIM The present study evaluated whether topiramate (TPM) treatment during the peripubertal period affects vascular parameters of male rats and whether oxidative stress plays a role in these changes. MAIN METHODS Rats were treated with TPM (41 mg/kg/day, gavage) or vehicle (CTR group) from the postnatal day (PND) 28 to 50. At PND 51 and 120 the rats were evaluated for: thoracic aorta reactivity to phenylephrine, in the presence (Endo+) or absence of endothelium (Endo-), to acetylcholine and to sodium nitroprusside (SNP), aortic thickness and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression. In serum were analyzed: the antioxidant capacity by ferric reducing antioxidant power assay; endogenous antioxidant reduced glutathione, and superoxide anion. Results were expressed as mean ± s.e.m., differences when p < 0.05. STATISTICS Two-way ANOVA (and Tukey's) or Student t-test. KEY FINDINGS At PND 51, the contraction induced by phenylephrine in Endo+ ring was higher in TPM when compared to CTR. At PND 120, the aortic sensitivity to acetylcholine in TPM rats was reduced in comparison with CTR. The aortic eNOs expression and the aortic thickness were similar between the groups. At PND 51 and 120, TPM group presented a decrease in antioxidants when compared to CTR groups and at PND 120, in TPM group the superoxide anion was increased. SIGNIFICANCE Taken together, the treatment of rats with TPM during peripubertal period promoted permanent impairment of endothelial function probably mediated by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kawane F Moura
- Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Brazil
| | - Deborah Gomes da Silva
- Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Brazil
| | - Camila Borecki Vidigal
- Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Smolak Sobieski E Silva
- Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Brazil; Department of Histology, State University of Londrina, Brazil
| | | | | | - Bruno V D Marques
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fábio Goulart de Andrade
- Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Brazil; Department of Histology, State University of Londrina, Brazil
| | - Rúbia Casagrande
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Londrina State University, Brazil
| | - Daniela C C Gerardin
- Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Brazil
| | - Eliana H Akamine
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Graziela S Ceravolo
- Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Brazil.
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Giacometti C, Ludwig K, Guidi M, Colantuono E, Coracina A, Rigano M, Cassaro M, Ambrosi A. Gestational Diabetes-Placental Expression of Human Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 1 (hENT1): Is Delayed Villous Maturation an Adaptive Pattern? Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2034. [PMID: 37370929 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13122034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a metabolic disease that can affect placental villous maturation and villous vascularity. The main effects of GDM on placental growth are a delay of villous maturation (DVM) and decreased formation of vasculo-syncytial membranes (VSM). Human equilibrative nucleoside transporter-1 (hENT1) is an adenosine transporter expressed in the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and human placental microvascular endothelium cells (hPMEC). Its role is crucial in maintaining physiological fetal adenosine levels during pregnancy, and its reduction has been described in GDM. Twenty-four placentas from pregnancies with a confirmed diagnosis of GDMd and twenty-four matched non-GDM placentas (controls) were retrospectively analyzed to investigate the immunohistochemical expression of hENT1 in HUVEC and hPMEC. The study included the quantitative evaluation of VSM/mm2 in placental tissue and the immunohistochemical quantitative evaluation of Ki-67, PHH3, and p57 in villous trophoblast. hENT1 expression was higher in all the vascular districts of the control cases compared to the GDMd placentas (p < 0.0001). The VSM/mm2 were lower in the GDMd cases, while the Ki-67, PHH3, and p57 were higher when compared to the control cases. To our knowledge, this is the first report of hENT1 expression in the human placentas of GDM patients. The absence/low expression of hENT1 in all the GDMd patients may indicate a potential role in microvascular adaptative mechanisms. The trophoblasts' proliferative/antiapoptotic pattern (high Ki-67, high PHH3, and high p57 count) may explain the statistically significant lower number of VSM/mm2 found in the GDMd cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Giacometti
- Pathology Unit, Department of Diagnostic Services, ULSS 6 "Euganea", 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Kathrin Ludwig
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Monica Guidi
- Gynecology & Obstretics Unit, Department of Women's Health, Cittadella Hospital, ULSS 6 "Euganea", 35013 Padova, Italy
| | - Elvira Colantuono
- Gynecology & Obstretics Unit, Department of Women's Health, Camposampiero Hospital, ULSS 6 "Euganea", 35012 Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Coracina
- Diabetology Unit, Department of Medicine, Camposampiero Hospital, ULSS 6 "Euganea", 35012 Padova, Italy
| | - Marcello Rigano
- Gynecology & Obstretics Unit, Department of Women's Health, Camposampiero Hospital, ULSS 6 "Euganea", 35012 Padova, Italy
| | - Mauro Cassaro
- Pathology Unit, Department of Diagnostic Services, ULSS 6 "Euganea", 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ambrosi
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milano, Italy
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Martín-Estal I, Castorena-Torres F. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Energy-Dense Diet: What Is the Role of the Insulin/IGF Axis? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:916042. [PMID: 35813659 PMCID: PMC9259869 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.916042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), is one of the most important pregnancy complications affecting approximately 15% of pregnant women. It is related to several gestational adverse outcomes in the fetus, e.g., macrosomia, shoulder dystocia, stillbirth, neonatal hypoglycemia, and respiratory distress. Women with GDM have a high risk of developing type 2 diabetes in the future. The pathogenesis of GDM is not completely understood; nevertheless, two factors could contribute to its development: β-cell dysfunction and failure in insulin secretion in response to insulin resistance induced by gestation. Both processes, together with the physiological activities of the insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), play a crucial role in glucose transport to the fetus and hence, fetal growth and development. IGFs (both IGF-1 and IGF-2) and their binding proteins (IGFBPs) regulate glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Maternal nutritional status determines the health of the newborn, as it has substantial effects on fetal growth and development. Maternal obesity and an energy-dense diet can cause an increase in insulin and IGF-1 serum levels, producing metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance, GDM, and high birth weight (> 4,000 g) due to a higher level of body fat. In this way, in GDM pregnancies there is an increase in IGF-1 and IGF-2 serum levels, and a decrease in IGFBP-1 and 4 serum levels, suggesting the crucial role of the insulin/IGF system in this gestational outcome. Here, the present review tries to elucidate the role that energy-dense diets and the insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway perform in GDM pregnancies.
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Nkeh-Chungag BN, Engwa GA, Businge C, Kutllovci-Hasani K, Kengne AP, Goswami N. Assessment of the Cardiovascular Risk Profile of Infants Exposed to Pre-eclampsia in-utero: A Prospective Case-Control Study in South African Children of African Ancestry. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:773841. [PMID: 34888368 PMCID: PMC8650009 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.773841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: It has been reported that maternal gestational environment may be programmed to have a significant impact on foetal and offspring health later in life. Studies have shown that children born to pre-eclamptic mothers are prone to obesity, hypertension, and diabetes in their adult life. However, such findings are yet to be established in an African population. This protocol is for a study aiming to investigate the relationship between pre-eclampsia (PE) and cardiovascular risk in children born to pre-eclamptic mothers in a South African population of African descents. Methods: A prospective case-control design will be employed to recruit pre-eclamptic and normotensive pregnant women and their offspring after birth. Pregnant women will be assessed for cardiovascular risk factors including PE, obesity, haemodynamics, lipids, glycaemic indices, oxidative stress, and vascular function at 30 weeks of gestation. The cardiovascular risk profile of their offspring will be assessed at birth and 6 weeks later. The difference in cardiovascular risk profile between children born to the pre-eclamptic and normotensive mothers will be compared and the correlation between maternal and offspring cardiovascular risks will be investigated. Discussion: This will be the first prospective study to assess the in-utero effect of cardiovascular risk in offspring born to pre-eclamptic women of African ancestry. It is expected that findings from this study will provide information on the cardiovascular effect of in-utero exposure to PE in a population of African ancestry. This knowledge will advise policy on the management of women with PE with a view of protecting cardiovascular health in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedicta Ngwenchi Nkeh-Chungag
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Walter Sisulu University PBX1, Mthatha, South Africa
| | - Godwill Azeh Engwa
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Walter Sisulu University PBX1, Mthatha, South Africa
| | - Charles Businge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nelson Mandela Academic Hospital, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South Africa
| | | | - Andre P Kengne
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nandu Goswami
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Walter Sisulu University PBX1, Mthatha, South Africa.,Physiology Division, Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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Sultan S, Ahmed F, Bajouh O, Schulten HJ, Bagatian N, Al-Dayini R, Subhi O, Karim S, Almalki S. Alterations of transcriptome expression, cell cycle, and mitochondrial superoxide reveal foetal endothelial dysfunction in Saudi women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Endocr J 2021; 68:1067-1079. [PMID: 33867398 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej21-0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects one in four Saudi women and is associated with high risks of cardiovascular diseases in both the mother and foetus. It is believed that endothelial cells (ECs) dysfunction initiates these diabetic complications. In this study, differences in the transcriptome profiles, cell cycle distribution, and mitochondrial superoxide (MTS) between human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) from GDM patients and those from healthy (control) subjects were analysed. Transcriptome profiles were generated using high-density expression microarray. The selected four altered genes were validated using qRT-PCR. MTS and cell cycle were analysed by flow cytometry. A total of 84 altered genes were identified, comprising 52 upregulated and 32 downregulated genes in GDM.HUVECs. Our selection of the four interested altered genes (TGFB2, KITLG, NEK7, and IGFBP5) was based on the functional network analysis, which revealed that these altered genes are belonging to the highest enrichment score associated with cellular function and proliferation; all of which may contribute to ECs dysfunction. The cell cycle revealed an increased percentage of cells in the G2/M phase in GDM.HUVECs, indicating cell cycle arrest. In addition, we found that GDM.HUVECs had increased MTS generation. In conclusion, GDM induces persistent impairment of the biological functions of foetal ECs, as evidenced by analyses of transcriptome profiles, cell cycle, and MTS even after ECs culture in vitro for several passages under normal glucose conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Sultan
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farid Ahmed
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama Bajouh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hans-Juergen Schulten
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadia Bagatian
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roaa Al-Dayini
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ohoud Subhi
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sajjad Karim
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultanah Almalki
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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The role of endothelial dysfunction and subclinical inflammation in the development of obstetric and perinatal complications in diabetes mellitus patients. ACTA BIOMEDICA SCIENTIFICA 2021. [DOI: 10.29413/abs.2021-6.3.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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9
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Contreras-Duarte S, Claudette C, Farias M, Leiva A. High total cholesterol and triglycerides levels increase arginases metabolism, impairing nitric oxide signaling and worsening fetoplacental endothelial dysfunction in gestational diabetes mellitus pregnancies. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166216. [PMID: 34314821 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
During human pregnancy, maternal physiological dyslipidemia (MPD) supports fetal development. However, some women develop maternal supraphysiological dyslipidemia (MSPD: increased total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) levels). MSPD is present in normal and pregnancies with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Both pathologies associate with fetoplacental endothelial dysfunction, producing alterations in nitric oxide (NO)-L-arginine/arginase metabolism. Nevertheless, the effect of MSPD on GDM, and how this synergy alters fetoplacental endothelial function is unknown, which is the aim of this study. 123 women at term of pregnancy were classified as MPD (n=40), MSPD (n=35), GDM with normal lipids (GDM- MPD, n=23) and with increased lipids (GDM-MSPD, n=25). TC ≥291 mg/dL and TG ≥275 mg/dL were considered as MSPD. Endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), human cationic amino acid transporter 1 (hCat1), and arginase II protein abundance and activity, were assayed in umbilical vein endothelial cells. In MSPD and MSPD-GDM, TC and TG increased respect to MPD and MPD-GDM. eNOS activity was reduced in MSPD and MSPD-GDM, but increased in MPD-GDM compared with MPD. No changes were observed in eNOS protein. However, decreased tetrahydrobiopterin levels were observed in all groups compared with MPD. Increased hCat1 protein and L-arginine transport were observed in both GDM groups compared with MPD. However, the transport was higher in GDM-MSPD compared to GDM-MPD. Higher Arginase II protein and activity were observed in MSPD-GDM compared with MPD. Thus, MSPD in GDM pregnancies alters fetal endothelial function associated with NO metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Contreras-Duarte
- School of Medical Technology, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad San Sebastian, Santiago 7510156, Chile.
| | - C Claudette
- School of Medical Technology, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad San Sebastian, Santiago 7510156, Chile
| | - M Farias
- School of Medical Technology, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad San Sebastian, Santiago 7510156, Chile
| | - A Leiva
- Department of Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile.
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Nkeh-Chungag BN, Engwa GA, Businge C, Mdondolo M, Pajaro Medina M, Goswami N. Assessment of the impact of HIV infection and anti-retroviral treatment on the cardiometabolic health of pregnant mothers and their offspring (ARTMOMSBABES). BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2021; 21:322. [PMID: 34193034 PMCID: PMC8247111 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-021-02130-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is becoming more prevalent in pregnant women though not much data is available for pregnant women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Foetoplacental vascular endothelial dysfunction is thought to be at the origin of chronic diseases such as diabetes and obesity later on in life. Because HIV and anti-retroviral treatment (ARTs) are associated with endothelial dysfunction, children exposed in utero to these conditions may be at greater risk of developing CVDs. Despite the high prevalence of HIV in pregnant South African women, little is known about the effects of ART on the cardiovascular health of the mother and offspring. Hence, the proposed study intends to investigate how HIV/ARTs may affect the cardiovascular health of the mother and offspring at different time points during the pregnancy and up to 2 years after birth. METHODS A longitudinal case-control study in HIV positive pregnant women on ART and HIV negative pregnant women will be conducted. All pregnant women will be assessed for cardio-metabolic risk factors and markers (lipids, anthropometric and glycaemic indies, oxidative stress), hemodynamic status (blood pressure parameters) and vascular function (arterial compliance, retinal microvasculature, uterine artery mean pulsatility index). Child health will be monitored in utero and postnatally via routine foetal health screening, placental integrity, anthropometry, blood pressure parameters, markers of oxidative stress and endothelial function in cord blood and cardiovascular epigenetic markers in urine. DISCUSSION There is a paucity of studies in South Africa and sub-Sahara Africa as a whole that utilised a longitudinal study model to assess the effects of ARTs on vascular endothelial changes in pregnant women living with HIV and the cardiometabolic health of their offspring. This study will therefore help to monitor changes in cardiometabolic risk during pregnancy and in children exposed in utero to HIV-infection and ART use. Findings from this study will provide useful information for developing guidelines on the use of ARTs in pregnancy and management of cardiometabolic health of the offspring of HIV positive mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedicta Ngwenchi Nkeh-Chungag
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Walter Sisulu University PBX1, Mthatha, 5117 South Africa
| | - Godwill Azeh Engwa
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Walter Sisulu University PBX1, Mthatha, 5117 South Africa
| | - Charles Businge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Walter Sisulu University, Nelson Mandela Academic Hospital, Mthatha, 5117 South Africa
| | - Mziwohlanga Mdondolo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mthatha Regional Hospital, Private Bag x 5014, Mthatha, 5099 South Africa
| | - Magdevy Pajaro Medina
- Department of Peadiatrics, Mthatha Regional Hospital, Private Bag x 5014, Mthatha, 5099 South Africa
| | - Nandu Goswami
- Physiology Division, Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6, 8036 Graz, Austria
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11
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Yang C, Jing W, Ge S, Sun W. Vitamin D status and vitamin D deficiency risk factors among pregnancy of Shanghai in China. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021; 21:431. [PMID: 34144704 PMCID: PMC8214247 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-021-03889-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is increasing awareness that vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women may be associated with several adverse effects for the mother and newborn. The risks for vitamin D deficiency are unclear. This study was to assess vitamin D nutritional status and vitamin D deficiency risk factors among pregnant women in Shanghai in China. Methods This study is a cross-sectional study conducted in the Sixth Affiliated People’s Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University. A total of 953 healthy pregnant women participated, serological examinations and other variables included serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], total blood cholesterol (TCh), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol, triglycerides at the first antenatal visit (12–14 weeks) pregnancy parity and age, body mass index (BMI) before pregnancy, and completed OGTTs test. Associations between vitamin D deficiency and possible predictors (age group, pre-pregnancy BMI, parity, and gestational hyperlipemia) were assessed with a multinomial logistic regression analysis. And also used to investigate the effects of 25(OH)D and the other variables on the occurrence of gestational diabetes mellitus. Results The mean vitamin D level of pregnancy was 16 (a range from 11 to 21) ng/ml, and severe vitamin D deficiency was 31.8% (303); vitamin D deficiency was 40.7% (388); vitamin D insufficiency was 25.1% (239); normal vitamin D was 2.4%(23). Vitamin D deficiency risk factors were age over 30, parity over 2, overweight, obese, and hyperlipemia. The increasing level of vitamin D nutritional status in pregnancy is significantly related to reducing gestational diabetes mellitus. Vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for gestational diabetes mellitus. Conclusions It is a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Chinese pregnancy in Shanghai. Aging more than 30 years, the parity of more than 2, overweight and obesity, and hyperlipemia are risk factors for vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for gestational diabetes mellitus. Public health strategies to prevent vitamin D deficiency should focus on those risks to promote health pregnancy of Shanghai in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Wu Jing
- Clinical Nutrition Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Sheng Ge
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wenguang Sun
- School of Medicine, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China.
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12
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Biagioni EM, May LE, Broskey NT. The impact of advanced maternal age on pregnancy and offspring health: A mechanistic role for placental angiogenic growth mediators. Placenta 2021; 106:15-21. [PMID: 33601220 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The birth rates among women of advanced maternal age (AMA) have risen over the last two decades; yet, pregnancies with AMA are considered high-risk and are associated with a significant increase in pregnancy complications. Although the mechanisms leading to pregnancy complications in women with AMA are not fully understood, it has been well established in the literature that offspring exposed to unfavorable environmental conditions in utero, such as gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and/or intrauterine growth restriction during the early stages of development are subject to long-term health consequences. Additionally, angiogenic growth mediators, which drive vascular development of the placenta, are imbalanced in pregnancies with AMA. These same imbalances also occur in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and obesity. This review discusses the impact of AMA on pregnancy and offspring health, and the potential mechanistic role of placental angiogenic growth mediators in the development of pregnancy complications at AMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ericka M Biagioni
- College of Health and Human Performance, Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA; East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Linda E May
- College of Health and Human Performance, Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA; School of Dental Medicine, Department of Foundational Sciences and Research, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Nicholas T Broskey
- College of Health and Human Performance, Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA; East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.
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13
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Asrani P, Pinto NM, Puchalski MD, Ou Z, Silver RM, Zinkhan EK, Heuser CC, Nance A, Miller TA. Maternal Predictors of Disparate Outcomes in Children With Single Ventricle Congenital Heart Disease. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e014363. [PMID: 32515252 PMCID: PMC7429050 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.014363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Significant variability in morbidity and mortality persists for children with functionally single ventricle congenital heart disease (SV‐CHD) despite standardization in medical and surgical care. We hypothesized that maternal health factors may be associated with an increased risk of poor outcomes in children with SV‐CHD. Methods and Results This retrospective, observational, cohort study included term maternal‐infant pairs with a diagnosis of SV‐CHD who underwent surgical palliation from 2006 to 2015 at Primary Children's Hospital. Pairs lacking maternal variables of interest or infant follow‐up data were excluded. The association of maternal risk factors of abnormal pre‐pregnancy body mass index, abnormal gestational weight gain (<7 or >20 kg), hypertensive disorders, and gestational diabetes mellitus with death/transplant and hemodynamics were analyzed using regression models. Of 190 infants, 135 (71%) maternal‐infant dyads had complete data for inclusion. Death or transplant occurred in 48 infants (36%) during an average follow‐up of 2.2 years (0.1–11.7 years). Abnormal gestational weight gain was associated with an increased risk of death and/or transplant in logistic regression (odds ratio, 3.22; 95% CI, 1.32–7.86; P=0.01), but not Cox regression (hazard ratio, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.0–3.7; P=0.055). Mean pulmonary artery pressures were higher in the setting of abnormal gestational weight gain (16.5±2.9 versus 14.7±3.0 mm Hg; P<0.001), and abnormal pre‐pregnancy body mass index (15.7±3.5 versus 14.2±2.1 mm Hg; P<0.001) in the systemic right ventricle group. Conclusions Abnormal gestational weight gain (excessive or inadequate) is a novel risk factor for worse outcomes in SV‐CHD. The fetoplacental environment may alter the trajectory of vascular development to impact outcomes in infants with SV‐CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Asrani
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology Department of Pediatrics University of Utah Salt Lake City UT
| | - Nelangi M Pinto
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology Department of Pediatrics University of Utah Salt Lake City UT
| | - Michael D Puchalski
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology Department of Pediatrics University of Utah Salt Lake City UT
| | - Zhining Ou
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science Study Design and Biostatistics Center University of Utah Salt Lake City UT
| | - Robert M Silver
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Utah Salt Lake City UT
| | - Erin K Zinkhan
- Division of Neonatology Department of Pediatrics University of Utah Salt Lake City UT
| | - Cara C Heuser
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Utah Salt Lake City UT
| | - Amy Nance
- Utah Birth Defects Network Utah Department of Health Salt Lake City UT
| | - Thomas A Miller
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology Department of Pediatrics University of Utah Salt Lake City UT
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14
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Snyder BM, Baer RJ, Oltman SP, Robinson JG, Breheny PJ, Saftlas AF, Bao W, Greiner AL, Carter KD, Rand L, Jelliffe-Pawlowski LL, Ryckman KK. Early pregnancy prediction of gestational diabetes mellitus risk using prenatal screening biomarkers in nulliparous women. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2020; 163:108139. [PMID: 32272192 PMCID: PMC7269799 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the clinical utility of first and second trimester prenatal screening biomarkers for early pregnancy prediction of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk in nulliparous women. METHODS We conducted a population-based cohort study of nulliparous women participating in the California Prenatal Screening Program from 2009 to 2011 (n = 105,379). GDM was ascertained from hospital discharge records or birth certificates. Models including maternal characteristics and prenatal screening biomarkers were developed and validated. Risk stratification and reclassification were performed to assess clinical utility of the biomarkers. RESULTS Decreased levels of first trimester pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) and increased levels of second trimester unconjugated estriol (uE3) and dimeric inhibin A (INH) were associated with GDM. The addition of PAPP-A only and PAPP-A, uE3, and INH to maternal characteristics resulted in small, yet significant, increases in area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) (maternal characteristics only: AUC 0.714 (95% CI 0.703-0.724), maternal characteristics + PAPP-A: AUC 0.718 (95% CI 0.707-0.728), maternal characteristics + PAPP-A, uE3, and INH: AUC 0.722 (0.712-0.733)); however, no net improvement in classification was observed. CONCLUSIONS PAPP-A, uE3, and INH have limited clinical utility for prediction of GDM risk in nulliparous women. Utility of other readily accessible clinical biomarkers in predicting GDM risk warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney M Snyder
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Rebecca J Baer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States; California Preterm Birth Initiative, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Scott P Oltman
- California Preterm Birth Initiative, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jennifer G Robinson
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Patrick J Breheny
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Audrey F Saftlas
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Wei Bao
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Andrea L Greiner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Knute D Carter
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Larry Rand
- California Preterm Birth Initiative, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Laura L Jelliffe-Pawlowski
- California Preterm Birth Initiative, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Kelli K Ryckman
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States.
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15
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Del Gaudio I, Sreckovic I, Zardoya-Laguardia P, Bernhart E, Christoffersen C, Frank S, Marsche G, Illanes SE, Wadsack C. Circulating cord blood HDL-S1P complex preserves the integrity of the feto-placental vasculature. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158632. [PMID: 31954174 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Perinatal and long-term offspring morbidities are strongly dependent on the preservation of placental vascular homeostasis during pregnancy. In adults, the HDL-apoM-S1P complex protects the endothelium and maintains vascular integrity. However, the metabolism and biology of cord blood-derived HDLs (referred to as neonatal HDL, nHDL) strikingly differ from those in adults. Here, we investigate the role of neonatal HDLs in the regulation of placental vascular function. We show that nHDL is a major carrier of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), which is anchored to the particle through apoM (rs = 0.90, p < 0.0001) in the fetal circulation. Furthermore, this complex interacts with S1P receptors on the feto-placental endothelium and activates specifically extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (ERK) and phospholipase C (PLC) downstream signaling, promotes endothelial cell proliferation and calcium flux. Notably, the nHDL-S1P complex triggers actin filaments reorganization, leading to an enhancement of placental endothelial barrier function. Additionally, nHDL induces vasorelaxation of isolated placental chorionic arteries. Taken together, these results suggest that circulating nHDL exerts vasoprotective effects on the feto-placental endothelial barrier mainly via S1P signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Del Gaudio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ivana Sreckovic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Eva Bernhart
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christina Christoffersen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Saša Frank
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gunther Marsche
- Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sebastian E Illanes
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Center for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinica Davila, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christian Wadsack
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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16
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McElwain CJ, Tuboly E, McCarthy FP, McCarthy CM. Mechanisms of Endothelial Dysfunction in Pre-eclampsia and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Windows Into Future Cardiometabolic Health? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:655. [PMID: 33042016 PMCID: PMC7516342 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Placental insufficiency and adipose tissue dysregulation are postulated to play key roles in the pathophysiology of both pre-eclampsia (PE) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). A dysfunctional release of deleterious signaling motifs can offset an increase in circulating oxidative stressors, pro-inflammatory factors and various cytokines. It has been previously postulated that endothelial dysfunction, instigated by signaling from endocrine organs such as the placenta and adipose tissue, may be a key mediator of the vasculopathy that is evident in both adverse obstetric complications. These signaling pathways also have significant effects on long term maternal cardiometabolic health outcomes, specifically cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and type II diabetes. Recent studies have noted that both PE and GDM are strongly associated with lower maternal flow-mediated dilation, however the exact pathways which link endothelial dysfunction to clinical outcomes in these complications remains in question. The current diagnostic regimen for both PE and GDM lacks specificity and consistency in relation to clinical guidelines. Furthermore, current therapeutic options rely largely on clinical symptom control such as antihypertensives and insulin therapy, rather than that of early intervention or prophylaxis. A better understanding of the pathogenic origin of these obstetric complications will allow for more targeted therapeutic interventions. In this review we will explore the complex signaling relationship between the placenta and adipose tissue in PE and GDM and investigate how these intricate pathways affect maternal endothelial function and, hence, play a role in acute pathophysiology and the development of future chronic maternal health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colm J. McElwain
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- *Correspondence: Colm J. McElwain
| | - Eszter Tuboly
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Fergus P. McCarthy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Cathal M. McCarthy
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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17
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Cooke CLM, Davidge ST. Advanced maternal age and the impact on maternal and offspring cardiovascular health. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 317:H387-H394. [PMID: 31199185 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00045.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Delaying pregnancy, which is on the rise, may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease in both women and their children. The physiological mechanisms that lead to these effects are not fully understood but may involve inadequate adaptations of the maternal cardiovascular system to pregnancy. Indeed, there is abundant evidence in the literature that a fetus developing in a suboptimal in utero environment (such as in pregnancies complicated by fetal growth restriction, preterm birth, and/or preeclampsia) is at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in adulthood, the developmental origins of health and disease theory. Although women of advanced age are at a significantly increased risk of pregnancy complications, there is limited information as to whether advanced maternal age constitutes an added stressor on the prenatal environment of the fetus, and whether or not this is secondary to impaired cardiovascular function during pregnancy. This review summarizes the current literature available on the impact of advanced maternal age on cardiovascular adaptations to pregnancy and the role of maternal age on long-term health risks for both the mother and offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy-Lynn M Cooke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Women and Children's Health Research Institute and the Cardiovascular Research Centre, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sandra T Davidge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Women and Children's Health Research Institute and the Cardiovascular Research Centre, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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18
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Hyperglycaemia cause vascular inflammation through advanced glycation end products/early growth response-1 axis in gestational diabetes mellitus. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 456:179-190. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03503-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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19
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Silva L, Plösch T, Toledo F, Faas MM, Sobrevia L. Adenosine kinase and cardiovascular fetal programming in gestational diabetes mellitus. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1866:165397. [PMID: 30699363 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a detrimental condition for human pregnancy associated with endothelial dysfunction and endothelial inflammation in the fetoplacental vasculature and leads to increased cardio-metabolic risk in the offspring. In the fetoplacental vasculature, GDM is associated with altered adenosine metabolism. Adenosine is an important vasoactive molecule and is an intermediary and final product of transmethylation reactions in the cell. Adenosine kinase is the major regulator of adenosine levels. Disruption of this enzyme is associated with alterations in methylation-dependent gene expression regulation mechanisms, which are associated with the fetal programming phenomenon. Here we propose that cellular and molecular alterations associated with GDM can dysregulate adenosine kinase leading to fetal programming in the fetoplacental vasculature. This can contribute to the cardio-metabolic long-term consequences observed in offspring after exposure to GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Silva
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen 9700 RB, the Netherlands.
| | - Torsten Plösch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Fernando Toledo
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán 3780000, Chile
| | - Marijke M Faas
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen 9700 RB, the Netherlands; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Luis Sobrevia
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville E-41012, Spain; University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, 4029, Queensland, Australia.
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20
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D'Errico JN, Stapleton PA. Developmental onset of cardiovascular disease-Could the proof be in the placenta? Microcirculation 2019; 26:e12526. [PMID: 30597690 PMCID: PMC6599488 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The Barker Hypothesis states change to the maternal environment may have significant impacts on fetal development, setting the stage for adult disease to occur. The development of the maternofetal vasculature during implantation and maintenance during pregnancy is extremely precise, yet dynamic. Delays or dysfunction in the orchestration of anatomical remodeling, maintenance of blood pressure, or responsiveness to metabolic demand may have severe consequences to the developing fetus. While these intermissions may not be fatal to the developing fetus, an interruption, reduction, or an inability to meet fetal demand of blood flow during crucial stages of development may predispose young to disease later in life. Maternal inability to meet fetal demand can be attributed to improper placental development and vascular support through morphological change or physiological function will significantly limit nutrient delivery and waste exchange to the developing fetus. Therefore, we present an overview of the uteroplacental vascular network, maternal cardiovascular adaptations that occur during pregnancy, placental blood flow, and common maternal comorbidities and/or exposures that may perturb maternal homeostasis and affect fetal development. Overall, we examine uterine microvasculature pathophysiology contributing to a hostile gestational environment and fetal predisposition to disease as it relates to the Barker Hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanine N D'Errico
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Phoebe A Stapleton
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey.,Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Piscataway, New Jersey
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21
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Aris IM, Rifas-Shiman SL, Li LJ, Kleinman K, Coull BA, Gold DR, Hivert MF, Kramer MS, Oken E. Pre-, Perinatal, and Parental Predictors of Body Mass Index Trajectory Milestones. J Pediatr 2018; 201:69-77.e8. [PMID: 29960766 PMCID: PMC6153023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess associations of pre-, perinatal, and parental factors with age and magnitude at body mass index (BMI) peak and rebound. STUDY DESIGN Among 1681 children with BMI data from birth to mid-childhood in Project Viva, we fitted individual BMI trajectories using mixed-effect models with natural cubic spline functions and estimated age and magnitude at peak in infancy and rebound in early childhood. We used stepwise multivariable regression to identify predictors of peak and rebound in the 1354 (63.6%) children with estimable trajectory milestones. RESULTS The mean (SD) of age at BMI peak was 8.4 (2.7) months and at rebound was 59.8 (19.6) months, and the mean (SD) of magnitude at peak was 18.0 (1.4) kg/m2 and at rebound was 15.9 (1.2) kg/m2. Girls had a later age at peak, earlier age at rebound, and lower magnitudes at peak and rebound than boys. Maternal isolated hyperglycemia (vs normoglycemia: β 0.7 months [95% CI 0.2-1.2]) and pre-eclampsia (vs normal blood pressure: 1.6 months [0.8-2.4]) were associated with a later peak, and impaired glucose tolerance (vs normoglycemia: -0.5 kg/m2 [-0.9, -0.1]) was associated with a lower magnitude at peak. Greater maternal first-trimester weight gain, smoking during pregnancy, no breastfeeding, parental obesity, and no university education were associated with greater BMI at rebound. CONCLUSIONS We have identified modifiable prenatal and parental predictors of BMI peak in infancy and rebound in childhood. Early-life interventions that address these factors may be effective in changing BMI peak and rebound and potentially preventing later obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izzuddin M Aris
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Sheryl L. Rifas-Shiman
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ling-Jun Li
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore, Singapore,Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ken Kleinman
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Human Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brent A Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Diane R Gold
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Department of Environmental Medicine, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marie-France Hivert
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael S Kramer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Departments of Pediatrics and of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, Canada
| | - Emily Oken
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
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22
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Liu G, Chen L, Cai Q, Wu H, Chen Z, Zhang X, Lu P. Streptozotocin‑induced diabetic mice exhibit reduced experimental choroidal neovascularization but not corneal neovascularization. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:4388-4398. [PMID: 30221697 PMCID: PMC6172380 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of diabetes mellitus (DM) on the generation of experimental corneal neovascularization (CrNV) and choroidal neovascularization (ChNV). Diabetes was induced in mice by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Experimental CrNV and ChNV were induced by alkali injury and laser photocoagulation, respectively. CrNV and ChNV were compared between the STZ‑induced diabetic mice and control mice two weeks after injury. Relative expression of angiogenic factors was quantified by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and progenitor cell or macrophage accumulation in the early phase following injury was examined by flow cytometric analysis. Compared with the alkali‑injured normal mice, the alkali‑injured diabetic mice (STZ‑induced) exhibited no significant difference in CrNV occurrence, whereas the laser‑injured diabetic mice exhibited significantly reduced levels of ChNV compared with those of the laser‑injured control animals. The laser‑induced intrachoroidal mRNA expression levels of angiogenic factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor, hypoxia‑induced factor‑1α, chemokine (C‑C motif) ligand 3, and stromal cell‑derived factor‑1α, were reduced in the laser‑injured diabetic mice when compared with laser‑injured control mice. Furthermore, the laser‑induced intrachoroidal infiltration of c‑Kit+ progenitor cells was impaired in the laser‑injured diabetic mice compared with the laser‑injured control mice. Overall, diabetes did not exert a significant effect on the generation of experimental CrNV. However, diabetes reduced laser‑induced ChNV through downregulation of intrachoroidal progenitor cell infiltration and angiogenic factor expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoqin Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Qinhua Cai
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Hongya Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Zhigang Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Xueguang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Peirong Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
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23
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Metformin Exposure During Pregnancy and Lactation Did Not Cause Vascular Reactivity Alteration in Adult Male Offsprings. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2018; 70:300-304. [PMID: 28731890 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Metformin has been used for the treatment of some metabolic diseases during gestation and the beneficial effects of metformin to the vascular system have been described in diabetic and obese animal models. Nevertheless, the long-term consequences to the vascular system of offsprings maternally exposed to metformin have not yet been characterized. Therefore, we want to test the hypothesis that gestational and lactational exposure to metformin would be safe for the vascular reactivity of male adult offsprings. Wistar female rats were treated with metformin 293 mg·kg·d, by gavage, from gestational day (GD) 0 to GD 21 (METG) or GD 0 until postnatal day 21 (METGL). Control dams received water by gavage in the same periods (CTRG and CTRGL). In male offsprings (75 days), the aortic reactivity to phenylephrine, acetylcholine, and sodium nitroprusside in the presence or absence of endothelium were evaluated. The results demonstrated that aortic contraction and relaxation were similar between groups. These data showed that metformin exposure during pregnancy and lactation did not interfere with aortic reactivity, suggesting that metformin exposure during gestational and lactation are safe for the offsprings' vascular system.
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24
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Sun Y, Kopp S, Strutz J, Gali CC, Zandl-Lang M, Fanaee-Danesh E, Kirsch A, Cvitic S, Frank S, Saffery R, Björkhem I, Desoye G, Wadsack C, Panzenboeck U. Gestational diabetes mellitus modulates cholesterol homeostasis in human fetoplacental endothelium. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1863:968-979. [PMID: 29778664 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with excessive oxidative stress which may affect placental vascular function. Cholesterol homeostasis is crucial for maintaining fetoplacental endothelial function. We aimed to investigate whether and how GDM affects cholesterol metabolism in human fetoplacental endothelial cells (HPEC). HPEC were isolated from fetal term placental arterial vessels of GDM or control subjects. Cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected by H2DCFDA fluorescent dye. Oxysterols were quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Genes and proteins involved in cholesterol homeostasis were detected by real-time PCR and immunoblotting, respectively. Cholesterol efflux was determined from [3H]-cholesterol labeled HPEC and [14C]-acetate was used as cholesterol precursor to measure cholesterol biosynthesis and esterification. We detected enhanced formation of ROS and of specific, ROS-derived oxysterols in HPEC isolated from GDM versus control pregnancies. ROS-generated oxysterols were simultaneously elevated in cord blood of GDM neonates. Liver-X receptor activation in control HPEC by synthetic agonist TO901319, 7-ketocholesterol, or 7β-hydroxycholesterol upregulated ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABC)A1 and ABCG1 expression, accompanied by increased cellular cholesterol efflux. Upregulation of ABCA1 and ABCG1 and increased cholesterol release to apoA-I and HDL3 (78 ± 17%, 40 ± 9%, respectively) were also observed in GDM versus control HPEC. The LXR antagonist GGPP reversed ABCA1 and ABCG1 upregulation and reduced the increased cholesterol efflux in GDM HPEC. Similar total cellular cholesterol levels were detected in control and GDM HPEC, while GDM enhanced cholesterol biosynthesis along with upregulated 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR) and sterol O-acyltransferase 1 (SOAT1) mRNA and protein levels. Our results suggest that in GDM cellular cholesterol homeostasis in the fetoplacental endothelium is modulated via LXR activation and helps to maintain its proper functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidan Sun
- Immunology and Pathophysiology, Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Susanne Kopp
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Jasmin Strutz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Chaitanya Chakravarthi Gali
- Immunology and Pathophysiology, Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Martina Zandl-Lang
- Immunology and Pathophysiology, Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Elham Fanaee-Danesh
- Immunology and Pathophysiology, Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Andrijana Kirsch
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Silvija Cvitic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Saša Frank
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Richard Saffery
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Pediatrics, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ingemar Björkhem
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge University Hospital, Sweden
| | - Gernot Desoye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Christian Wadsack
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Ute Panzenboeck
- Immunology and Pathophysiology, Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz, Austria.
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25
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Leirós L, Dáu JBT, Pinheiro D, Stumbo Machado AC, Thole AA, Cortez EAC, de Carvalho L, de Carvalho SN. Hematopoietic changes in the offspring induced by maternal overweight: Effect on placenta and fetal liver populations. Placenta 2018; 64:7-16. [PMID: 29626983 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bone marrow cells (BMC) from obese adult mice display an increased apoptosis rate over proliferation. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) form all blood cells and are important BMC used in cell therapy. Because it is known that prenatal development can be affected by adverse metabolic epigenetic programming from the maternal organism, this work aimed to investigate the effects of maternal overweight on placenta and fetal liver hematopoietic niches. METHODS Overweight was induced in female mice by overfeeding during lactation. After Swiss females were mated with healthy males, fetuses at 19 dpc (day post conception) and placentas were analyzed. Maternal biometric parameters were compared, and hematopoiesis in the dissociated placenta and fetal liver cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. Placenta morphology and protein content were also studied. RESULTS The model induced accumulation of adipose tissue, weight gain, and maternal hyperglycemia. Placentas from the overfed group (OG) displayed altered morphology, higher carbohydrate and lipid deposition, and increased protein content of fibronectin and PGC-1α. Cytometric analysis showed that placentas from OG presented a higher percentage of circulating macrophages, endothelial progenitor cells, HSC, and progenitor cells. No difference was detected in the percentage of neutrophil granulocytes and total leukocytes or in the proliferation of total cells, HSC, or total leukocytes. With regard to liver analysis of the OG group, there was a significant increase in circulating macrophages, primitive HSC, and oval cells but no difference in hematopoietic progenitor cells, total leukocytes, or leukocyte or total cell proliferation. CONCLUSION Unregulated maternal metabolism can affect hematopoietic populations within the placenta and fetal liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Leirós
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcântara Gomes, State University of Rio de Janeiro, UERJ, Brazil
| | - Juliana Barbosa Torreão Dáu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcântara Gomes, State University of Rio de Janeiro, UERJ, Brazil
| | - Daphne Pinheiro
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcântara Gomes, State University of Rio de Janeiro, UERJ, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Stumbo Machado
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcântara Gomes, State University of Rio de Janeiro, UERJ, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Alves Thole
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcântara Gomes, State University of Rio de Janeiro, UERJ, Brazil
| | - Erika Afonso Costa Cortez
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcântara Gomes, State University of Rio de Janeiro, UERJ, Brazil
| | - Laís de Carvalho
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcântara Gomes, State University of Rio de Janeiro, UERJ, Brazil
| | - Simone Nunes de Carvalho
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcântara Gomes, State University of Rio de Janeiro, UERJ, Brazil.
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26
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Zein S, Sitti F, Osman M, Arnaud J, Batandier C, Gauchez AS, Rachidi S, Couturier K, Hininger-Favier I. Middle Iron-Enriched Fructose Diet on Gestational Diabetes Risk and on Oxidative Stress in Offspring Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 175:405-413. [PMID: 27357939 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0791-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with increased insulin resistance and a heightened level of oxidative stress (OS). Additionally, high iron consumption could also increase insulin resistance and OS, which could aggravate GDM risk. The aim of this study is to evaluate a high fructose diet (F) as an alternative experimental model of GDM on rats. We also have evaluated the worst effect of a fructose iron-enriched diet (FI) on glucose tolerance and OS status during pregnancy. Anthropometric parameters, plasma glucose levels, insulin, and lipid profile were assessed after delivery in rats fed an F diet. The effects observed in mothers (hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia) and on pups (macrosomia and hypoglycemia) are similar to those observed in women with GDM. Therefore, the fructose diet could be proposed as an experimental model of GDM. In this way, we can compare the effect of an iron-enriched diet on the metabolic and redox status of mother rats and their pups. The mothers' glycemic was similar in the F and FI groups, whereas the glycemic was significantly different in the newborn. In rat pups born to mothers fed on an FI diet, the activities of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione-S-transferase in livers and GPx in brains were altered and the gender analysis showed significant differences. Thus, alterations in the glycemic and redox status in newborns suggest that fetuses are more sensitive than their mothers to the effect of an iron-enriched diet in the case of GDM pregnancy. This study proposed a novel experimental model for GDM and provided insights on the effect of a moderate iron intake in adding to the risk of glucose disorder and oxidative damage on newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salam Zein
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadath, Beirut, Lebanon
- Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Fondamentale et Appliquée_U1050, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38041, Grenoble, France
| | - Farida Sitti
- Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Fondamentale et Appliquée_U1050, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38041, Grenoble, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Mireille Osman
- Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Fondamentale et Appliquée_U1050, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38041, Grenoble, France
- INSERM U1055, 38041, Grenoble, France
| | - Josiane Arnaud
- Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Fondamentale et Appliquée_U1050, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38041, Grenoble, France
- Grenoble University Hospital, 38043, Grenoble, France
| | - Cécile Batandier
- Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Fondamentale et Appliquée_U1050, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38041, Grenoble, France
- INSERM U1055, 38041, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Samar Rachidi
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadath, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Karine Couturier
- Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Fondamentale et Appliquée_U1050, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38041, Grenoble, France
- INSERM U1055, 38041, Grenoble, France
| | - Isabelle Hininger-Favier
- Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Fondamentale et Appliquée_U1050, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38041, Grenoble, France.
- INSERM U1055, 38041, Grenoble, France.
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Cheng D, Zhao J, Jian L, Ding T, Liu S. Relationship between red cell distribution width and early renal injury in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus. Ren Fail 2016; 38:1218-23. [PMID: 27402291 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2016.1207050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies found that red cell distribution width was related to adverse cardiovascular events. However, few studies reported the relationship between red cell distribution width and early-stage renal injury in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Using a cross-sectional design, 334 pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus were enrolled according to the criterion of inclusion and exclusion. Demographic and clinical examination data were collected. Depended on the urine albumin, study population were divided into case group (n = 118) and control group (n = 216). Compared with control group, the case group tend to be higher red cell distribution width level (13.6 ± 0.9 vs.12.5 ± 0.6, p < 0.001). The red cell distribution width was positively associated with albuminuria creatinine ratio (r = 0.567, p < 0.001). Multiple logistic regressions showed that red cell distribution width was still associated with early-stage renal injury after adjusting for many other potential cofounders. Compared with the first quartile, the risk ratio of the second, the third and the fourth quartile were 1.38 (95%CI: 1.06-1.80), 1.57 (95%CI: 1.21-2.97), 2.71 (95%CI: 2.08-3.54), respectively. Besides, systolic blood pressure, estimated glomerular filtration rate, uric acid and blood urea nitrogen were also significantly associated with renal injury in gestational diabetes mellitus patients. The elevated red cell distribution width level might be a predictor of early-stage renal injury in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus. As an easy and routine examination index, red cell distribution width may provide better clinical guidance when combined with other important indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Cheng
- a Department of Cardiology , the Second Affiliated of Hospital, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan Province , China
| | - Jiangtao Zhao
- a Department of Cardiology , the Second Affiliated of Hospital, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan Province , China
| | - Liguo Jian
- a Department of Cardiology , the Second Affiliated of Hospital, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan Province , China
| | - Tongbin Ding
- a Department of Cardiology , the Second Affiliated of Hospital, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan Province , China
| | - Shichao Liu
- a Department of Cardiology , the Second Affiliated of Hospital, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan Province , China
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Leiva A, Fuenzalida B, Westermeier F, Toledo F, Salomón C, Gutiérrez J, Sanhueza C, Pardo F, Sobrevia L. Role for Tetrahydrobiopterin in the Fetoplacental Endothelial Dysfunction in Maternal Supraphysiological Hypercholesterolemia. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:5346327. [PMID: 26697136 PMCID: PMC4677232 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5346327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Maternal physiological hypercholesterolemia occurs during pregnancy, ensuring normal fetal development. In some cases, the maternal plasma cholesterol level increases to above this physiological range, leading to maternal supraphysiological hypercholesterolemia (MSPH). This condition results in endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis in the fetal and placental vasculature. The fetal and placental endothelial dysfunction is related to alterations in the L-arginine/nitric oxide (NO) pathway and the arginase/urea pathway and results in reduced NO production. The level of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), a cofactor for endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), is reduced in nonpregnant women who have hypercholesterolemia, which favors the generation of the superoxide anion rather than NO (from eNOS), causing endothelial dysfunction. However, it is unknown whether MSPH is associated with changes in the level or metabolism of BH4; as a result, eNOS function is not well understood. This review summarizes the available information on the potential link between MSPH and BH4 in causing human fetoplacental vascular endothelial dysfunction, which may be crucial for understanding the deleterious effects of MSPH on fetal growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Leiva
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8330024 Santiago, Chile
| | - Bárbara Fuenzalida
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8330024 Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Westermeier
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, 8380492 Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Science, Universidad San Sebastián, 7510157 Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando Toledo
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío, 3780000 Chillán, Chile
| | - Carlos Salomón
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Jaime Gutiérrez
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8330024 Santiago, Chile
- Cellular Signaling and Differentiation Laboratory (CSDL), Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad San Sebastian, 7510157 Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Sanhueza
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8330024 Santiago, Chile
| | - Fabián Pardo
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8330024 Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Sobrevia
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8330024 Santiago, Chile
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
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Koskinen A, Lehtoranta L, Laiho A, Laine J, Kääpä P, Soukka H. Maternal diabetes induces changes in the umbilical cord gene expression. Placenta 2015; 36:767-74. [PMID: 25935091 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Since maternal diabetes may affect fetal development and the umbilical cord provides an extension of the fetal vasculature, we decided to investigate cords' biological responses to maternal diabetic milieu. METHODS Using microarray analysis, we determined the gene expression profiles in the umbilical cords of six neonates born to type 1 diabetic mothers and in six control cords. Umbilical cord tissue was collected immediately after elective cesarean section. Expression data were confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (11 genes). Additionally, the same umbilical cords were analyzed histologically. RESULTS Two hundred eighty six genes were differentially expressed in the umbilical cords from diabetic pregnancies compared to the controls (fold change ±1.5 and P < 0.01). Maternal diabetes had a major effect on the expression of genes involved in vascular development (Bone morphogenetic protein 4, Delta-like 1, and Notch homolog 4), vessel wall integrity (Collagen type VIII alpha 1, Myocyte enhancer factor 2C, and Matrix metalloproteinase 2), and vascular function (Natriuretic peptide precursor B, Endothelin 1, Endothelin receptor B, Cyclooxygenase 1, and Phosphodiesterase 5A). Maternal diabetes was associated with thicker umbilical vein intima-media layers and larger umbilical vein and artery intima-media areas compared to the controls. DISCUSSION Maternal diabetic environment seems to alter umbilical cord expression of genes involved in the regulation of vascular development and function with simultaneous umbilical vessel muscle layer thickening. These alterations suggest vascular phenotypic modifications, which in turn may lead to long-term vascular consequences in various tissues in infants of diabetic mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Koskinen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (CAPC), University of Turku, Finland; Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Finland.
| | - L Lehtoranta
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (CAPC), University of Turku, Finland; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - A Laiho
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Finland
| | - J Laine
- Department of Pathology, Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - P Kääpä
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (CAPC), University of Turku, Finland; Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - H Soukka
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (CAPC), University of Turku, Finland; Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Finland
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Peng S, Zhang J, Liu L, Zhang X, Huang Q, Alamdar A, Tian M, Shen H. Newborn Meconium and Urinary Metabolome Response to Maternal Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Preliminary Case–Control Study. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:1799-809. [DOI: 10.1021/pr5011857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Peng
- Key
Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key
Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, P.R. China
| | - Liangpo Liu
- Key
Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, P.R. China
| | - Xueqin Zhang
- Xiamen Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Xiamen 361003, P.R. China
| | - Qingyu Huang
- Key
Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, P.R. China
| | - Ambreen Alamdar
- Key
Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, P.R. China
| | - Meiping Tian
- Key
Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, P.R. China
| | - Heqing Shen
- Key
Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, P.R. China
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31
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Sobrevia L, Salsoso R, Sáez T, Sanhueza C, Pardo F, Leiva A. Insulin therapy and fetoplacental vascular function in gestational diabetes mellitus. Exp Physiol 2015; 100:231-8. [PMID: 25581778 DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2014.082743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the topic of this review? This review focuses on the effects of insulin therapy on fetoplacental vasculature in gestational diabetes mellitus and the potentiating effects of adenosine on this therapy. What advances does it highlight? This review highlights recent studies exploring a potential functional link between insulin receptors and their dependence on adenosine receptor activation (insulin-adenosine axis) to restore placental endothelial function in gestational diabetes mellitus. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a disease that occurs during pregnancy and is associated with maternal and fetal hyperglycaemia. Women with GDM are treated via diet to control their glycaemia; however, a proportion of these patients do not achieve the recommended values of glycaemia and are subjected to insulin therapy until delivery. Even if a diet-treated GDM pregnancy leads to normal maternal and newborn glucose levels, fetoplacental vascular dysfunction remains evident. Thus, control of glycaemia via diet does not prevent GDM-associated fetoplacental vascular and metabolic alterations. We review the available information regarding insulin therapy in the context of its potential consequences for fetoplacental vascular function in GDM. We propose the possibility that insulin therapy to produce normoglycaemia in the mother and newborn may require additional therapeutic measures to restore the normal metabolic condition of the vascular network in GDM. A role for A1 and A2A adenosine receptors and insulin receptors A and B as well as a potential functional link in the cell signalling associated with the activation of these receptors is proposed. This possibility could be helpful for the planning of strategies, including adenosine receptor-improved insulin therapy, for the treatment of GDM patients, thereby promoting the wellbeing of the growing fetus, newborn and mother.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Sobrevia
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
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Diseases of pregnancy and fetal programming: cell and molecular mechanisms. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:937050. [PMID: 25431769 PMCID: PMC4241736 DOI: 10.1155/2014/937050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sáez PJ, Villalobos-Labra R, Westermeier F, Sobrevia L, Farías-Jofré M. Modulation of endothelial cell migration by ER stress and insulin resistance: a role during maternal obesity? Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:189. [PMID: 25191269 PMCID: PMC4137259 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adverse microenvironmental stimuli can trigger the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway, which initiates the unfolded protein response (UPR), to restore protein-folding homeostasis. Several studies show induction of ER stress during obesity. Chronic UPR has been linked to different mechanisms of disease in obese and diabetic individuals, including insulin resistance (IR) and impaired angiogenesis. Endothelial cell (EC) migration is an initial step for angiogenesis, which is associated with remodeling of existing blood vessels. EC migration occurs according to the leader–follower model, involving coordinated processes of chemotaxis, haptotaxis, and mechanotaxis. Thus, a fine-tuning of EC migration is necessary to provide the right timing to form the required vessels during angiogenesis. ER stress modulates EC migration at different levels, usually impairing migration and angiogenesis, although different effects may be observed depending on the tissue and/or microenvironment. In the context of pregnancy, maternal obesity (MO) induces IR in the offspring. Interestingly, several proteins associated with obesity-induced IR are also involved in EC migration, providing a potential link with the ER stress-dependent alterations observed in obese individuals. Different signaling cascades that converge on cytoskeleton regulation directly impact EC migration, including the Akt and/or RhoA pathways. In addition, ER is the main intracellular reservoir for Ca2+, which plays a pivotal role during EC migration. Therefore, ER stress-related alterations in Ca2+ signaling or Ca2+ levels might also produce distorted EC migration. However, the above findings have been studied in the context of adult obesity, and no information has been reported regarding the effect of MO on fetal EC migration. Here we summarize the state of knowledge about the possible mechanisms by which ER stress and IR might impact EC migration and angiogenesis in fetal endothelium exposed to MO during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo J Sáez
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto Villalobos-Labra
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Westermeier
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile ; Facultad de Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián Santiago, Chile ; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Sobrevia
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile ; University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland Herston, QL, Australia ; Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla Sevilla, Spain
| | - Marcelo Farías-Jofré
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
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Correa PJ, Vargas JF, Sen S, Illanes SE. Prediction of gestational diabetes early in pregnancy: targeting the long-term complications. Gynecol Obstet Invest 2014; 77:145-9. [PMID: 24401480 DOI: 10.1159/000357616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes (GD), defined as carbohydrate intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy, has a prevalence of 7% and is a growing problem worldwide. Infants born to mothers with GD are more likely to be large for gestational age, incur traumatic birth injury, require a stay in the intensive care unit and develop postnatal metabolic disturbances. As the worldwide epidemic of obesity worsens, more women are entering pregnancy with metabolic alterations and preexisting insulin resistance, which is heightened by the hormonal milieu of pregnancy. The Hyperglycemia Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) study has clearly shown that GD-related complications correlate with glycemic control. We will review the current understanding of the physiology of GD and the screening and treatment guidelines that are commonly utilized in clinical care. In addition, we will discuss the need for development of multiparametric models combining maternal clinical risk factors and biomarkers early in pregnancy to better stratify and predict risk of GD-related complications and offer targeted intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula J Correa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
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Guzmán-Gutiérrez E, Arroyo P, Salsoso R, Fuenzalida B, Sáez T, Leiva A, Pardo F, Sobrevia L. Role of Insulin and Adenosine in the Human Placenta Microvascular and Macrovascular Endothelial Cell Dysfunction in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Microcirculation 2014; 21:26-37. [DOI: 10.1111/micc.12077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Guzmán-Gutiérrez
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL); Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Medical Research Centre (CIM); School of Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Pablo Arroyo
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL); Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Medical Research Centre (CIM); School of Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Rocío Salsoso
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL); Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Medical Research Centre (CIM); School of Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Bárbara Fuenzalida
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL); Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Medical Research Centre (CIM); School of Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
- Biomedical Department; Faculty of Health Sciences; Universidad de Antofagasta; Antofagasta Chile
| | - Tamara Sáez
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL); Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Medical Research Centre (CIM); School of Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Andrea Leiva
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL); Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Medical Research Centre (CIM); School of Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Fabián Pardo
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL); Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Medical Research Centre (CIM); School of Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Luis Sobrevia
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL); Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Medical Research Centre (CIM); School of Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research; Herston Queensland Australia
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Giri H, Chandel S, Dwarakanath LS, Sreekumar S, Dixit M. Increased endothelial inflammation, sTie-2 and arginase activity in umbilical cords obtained from gestational diabetic mothers. PLoS One 2013; 8:e84546. [PMID: 24376824 PMCID: PMC3869849 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to determine subclinical inflammation in umbilical vein derived endothelial cells (HUVECs) obtained from Asian Indian subjects with gestational diabetes (GDM) and to determine levels of angiogenic factors and arginase activity in their cord blood. Methods This case-control study included 38 control and 30 GDM subjects. Subjects were confirmed as GDM based on 75g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) conducted in the second trimester of pregnancy. Angiogenic markers and arginase activity were measured in cord blood by ELISA and colorimetric methods respectively. Endothelial inflammation was assessed through adhesion of PKH26-labelled leukocytes onto HUVEC monolayer obtained from the study groups. Gene and surface expression of adhesion molecules were confirmed via reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and flow cytometry respectively. Results The study revealed increased adhesion of leukocytes to HUVECs isolated from GDM subjects compared to controls. HUVECs of babies born to GDM mothers had increased surface and mRNA expression of E-selectin. sTie2 levels were significantly higher in the cord blood for GDM subjects (3869 ± 370 ng/L) compared to controls (3045 ± 296 ng/L). Furthermore, arginase activity was higher in cord blood of GDM mothers as opposed to the control group (7.75 ± 2.4 µmoles of urea/ml/hour vs 2.88 ±0.49 µmoles of urea/ml/hour; p-value= 0.019). Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed positive correlation of cord blood arginase activity with glucose intolerance (ρ=0.596, p=0.004) and post load glucose values (ρ=0.472, p=0.031) of mothers observed during the second trimester of pregnancy. Conclusions HUVECs derived from Asian Indian GDM mothers, exhibit signs of sub-clinical endothelial inflammation along with increased levels of sTie2 and arginase activity in their cord blood serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Giri
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Shivam Chandel
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | | | | | - Madhulika Dixit
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
- * E-mail:
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Leiva A, de Medina CD, Salsoso R, Sáez T, San Martín S, Abarzúa F, Farías M, Guzmán-Gutiérrez E, Pardo F, Sobrevia L. Maternal Hypercholesterolemia in Pregnancy Associates With Umbilical Vein Endothelial Dysfunction. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 33:2444-53. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.113.301987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
Human pregnancy that courses with maternal supraphysiological hypercholesterolemia (MSPH) correlates with atherosclerotic lesions in fetal arteries. It is known that hypercholesterolemia associates with endothelial dysfunction in adults, a phenomenon where nitric oxide (NO) and arginase are involved. However, nothing is reported on potential alterations in the fetoplacental endothelial function in MSPH. The aim of this study was to determine whether MSPH alters fetal vascular reactivity via endothelial arginase/urea and
l
-arginine transport/NO signaling pathways.
Approach and Results—
Total cholesterol <280 mg/dL was considered as maternal physiological hypercholesterolemia (n=46 women) and ≥280 mg/dL as MSPH (n=28 women). Maternal but not fetal total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels were elevated in MSPH. Umbilical veins were used for vascular reactivity assays (wire myography), and primary cultures of umbilical vein endothelial cells to determine arginase, endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), and human cationic amino acid transporter 1 and human cationic amino acid transporter 2A/B expression and activity. MSPH reduced calcitonine gene–related peptide-umbilical vein relaxation and increased intima/media ratio (histochemistry), as well as reduced eNOS activity (
l
-citrulline synthesis from
l
-arginine, eNOS phosphorylation/dephosphorylation), but increased arginase activity and arginase II protein abundance. Arginase inhibition increased eNOS activity and
l
-arginine transport capacity without altering human cationic amino acid transporter 1 or human cationic amino acid transporter 2A/B protein abundance in maternal physiological hypercholesterolemia and MSPH.
Conclusions—
MSPH is a pathophysiological condition altering umbilical vein reactivity because of fetal endothelial dysfunction associated with arginase and eNOS signaling imbalance. We speculate that elevated maternal circulating cholesterol is a factor leading to fetal endothelial dysfunction, which could have serious consequences to the growing fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Leiva
- From the Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (A.L., C.D.d.M., R.S., T.S., F.A., M.F., E.G.-G., F.P., L.S.); Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile (S.S.M.); Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Clínica Alemana, Temuco, Chile (F.A.); and the University of Queensland
| | - Camila Diez de Medina
- From the Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (A.L., C.D.d.M., R.S., T.S., F.A., M.F., E.G.-G., F.P., L.S.); Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile (S.S.M.); Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Clínica Alemana, Temuco, Chile (F.A.); and the University of Queensland
| | - Rocío Salsoso
- From the Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (A.L., C.D.d.M., R.S., T.S., F.A., M.F., E.G.-G., F.P., L.S.); Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile (S.S.M.); Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Clínica Alemana, Temuco, Chile (F.A.); and the University of Queensland
| | - Tamara Sáez
- From the Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (A.L., C.D.d.M., R.S., T.S., F.A., M.F., E.G.-G., F.P., L.S.); Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile (S.S.M.); Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Clínica Alemana, Temuco, Chile (F.A.); and the University of Queensland
| | - Sebastián San Martín
- From the Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (A.L., C.D.d.M., R.S., T.S., F.A., M.F., E.G.-G., F.P., L.S.); Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile (S.S.M.); Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Clínica Alemana, Temuco, Chile (F.A.); and the University of Queensland
| | - Fernando Abarzúa
- From the Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (A.L., C.D.d.M., R.S., T.S., F.A., M.F., E.G.-G., F.P., L.S.); Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile (S.S.M.); Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Clínica Alemana, Temuco, Chile (F.A.); and the University of Queensland
| | - Marcelo Farías
- From the Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (A.L., C.D.d.M., R.S., T.S., F.A., M.F., E.G.-G., F.P., L.S.); Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile (S.S.M.); Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Clínica Alemana, Temuco, Chile (F.A.); and the University of Queensland
| | - Enrique Guzmán-Gutiérrez
- From the Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (A.L., C.D.d.M., R.S., T.S., F.A., M.F., E.G.-G., F.P., L.S.); Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile (S.S.M.); Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Clínica Alemana, Temuco, Chile (F.A.); and the University of Queensland
| | - Fabián Pardo
- From the Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (A.L., C.D.d.M., R.S., T.S., F.A., M.F., E.G.-G., F.P., L.S.); Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile (S.S.M.); Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Clínica Alemana, Temuco, Chile (F.A.); and the University of Queensland
| | - Luis Sobrevia
- From the Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (A.L., C.D.d.M., R.S., T.S., F.A., M.F., E.G.-G., F.P., L.S.); Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile (S.S.M.); Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Clínica Alemana, Temuco, Chile (F.A.); and the University of Queensland
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Pardo F, Arroyo P, Salomón C, Westermeier F, Salsoso R, Sáez T, Guzmán-Gutiérrez E, Leiva A, Sobrevia L. Role of equilibrative adenosine transporters and adenosine receptors as modulators of the human placental endothelium in gestational diabetes mellitus. Placenta 2013; 34:1121-7. [PMID: 24119573 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2013.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a diseases that alters human placenta macro and microvascular reactivity as a result of endothelial dysfunction. The human placenta is a highly vascularized organ which lacks innervation, so blood flux is governed by locally released vasoactive molecules, including the endogenous nucleoside adenosine and the free radical nitric oxide (NO). Altered adenosine metabolism and uptake by the endothelium leads to increased NO synthesis which then turns-off the expression of genes coding for a family of nucleoside membrane transporters belonging to equilibrative nucleoside transporters, particularly isoforms 1 (hENT1) and 2 (hENT2). This mechanism leads to increased extracellular adenosine and, as a consequence, activation of adenosine receptors to further sustain a tonic activation of NO synthesis. This is a phenomenon that seems operative in the placental macro and microvascular endothelium in GDM. We here summarize the findings available in the literature regarding these mechanisms in the human feto-placental circulation. This phenomenon is altered in the feto-placental vasculature, which could be crucial for understanding GDM deleterious effects in fetal growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Pardo
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, P.O. Box 114-D, Santiago, Chile.
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Mrizak I, Arfa A, Fekih M, Debbabi H, Bouslema A, Boumaiza I, Zaouali M, Khan NA, Tabka Z. Inflammation and impaired endothelium-dependant vasodilatation in non obese women with gestational diabetes mellitus: preliminary results. Lipids Health Dis 2013; 12:93. [PMID: 23805905 PMCID: PMC3706389 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-12-93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate whether abnormal endothelial function, a common finding in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) pregnancies, can be explained by inflammatory cytokines. METHODS Forearm skin blood flow (FSBF), into response to acetylcholine (Ach) (endothelium-dependent vasodilatation), were measured in 24 pregnant control subjects and 28 gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) women, in the third trimester of gestation. A fasting glycemic and lipidic panel was obtained, and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) and adiponectin were also determined. RESULTS FSBF is significantly reduced in GDM group compared with control subjects (344.59 ± 57.791 vs.176.38 ± 108.52, P < 0.05). Among all subjects, FSBF showed a strong negative correlation with TNF-α and IL-6 (r = -0.426, P < 0.0001 and r = -0.564, P < 0.0001, respectively) and positive correlation with adiponectin (r = 0.468, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Endothelial function, an early marker of macrovascular disease, is present in non-obese pregnancies complicated by GDM. This alteration seems to be directly related to inflammatory status, which may represent a patho-physiological link between GDM and type 2 diabetes and, later on, metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Mrizak
- Department of Physiology and Functional Exploration, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Amel Arfa
- Department of Physiology and Functional Exploration, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Mariem Fekih
- Department of Gynecology, Farhat Hached University Hospital Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Haythem Debbabi
- Department of Physiology and Functional Exploration, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Ali Bouslema
- Department of Biochemistry, Sahloul University Hospital Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Imen Boumaiza
- Department of Biochemistry, Sahloul University Hospital Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Monia Zaouali
- Department of Physiology and Functional Exploration, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Naim A Khan
- INSERM U866, Physiology of Nutrition & Toxicology, University of Burgundy, Faculty of Life Sciences, Dijon, France
| | - Zouhair Tabka
- Department of Physiology and Functional Exploration, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
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New therapeutic approaches to treating hypertension in pregnancy. Drug Discov Today 2012; 17:1307-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2012.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Insulin-increased L-arginine transport requires A(2A) adenosine receptors activation in human umbilical vein endothelium. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41705. [PMID: 22844517 PMCID: PMC3402464 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine causes vasodilation of human placenta vasculature by increasing the transport of arginine via cationic amino acid transporters 1 (hCAT-1). This process involves the activation of A2A adenosine receptors (A2AAR) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Insulin increases hCAT-1 activity and expression in HUVECs, and A2AAR stimulation increases insulin sensitivity in subjects with insulin resistance. However, whether A2AAR plays a role in insulin-mediated increase in L-arginine transport in HUVECs is unknown. To determine this, we first assayed the kinetics of saturable L-arginine transport (1 minute, 37°C) in the absence or presence of nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBTI, 10 µmol/L, adenosine transport inhibitor) and/or adenosine receptors agonist/antagonists. We also determined hCAT-1 protein and mRNA expression levels (Western blots and quantitative PCR), and SLC7A1 (for hCAT-1) reporter promoter activity. Insulin and NBTI increased the extracellular adenosine concentration, the maximal velocity for L-arginine transport without altering the apparent Km for L-arginine transport, hCAT-1 protein and mRNA expression levels, and SLC7A1 transcriptional activity. An A2AAR antagonist ZM-241385 blocked these effects. ZM241385 inhibited SLC7A1 reporter transcriptional activity to the same extent in cells transfected with pGL3-hCAT-1−1606 or pGL3-hCAT-1−650 constructs in the presence of NBTI + insulin. However, SLC7A1 reporter activity was increased by NBTI only in cells transfected with pGL3-hCAT-1−1606, and the ZM-241385 sensitive fraction of the NBTI response was similar in the absence or in the presence of insulin. Thus, insulin modulation of hCAT-1 expression and activity requires functional A2AAR in HUVECs, a mechanism that may be applicable to diseases associated with fetal insulin resistance, such as gestational diabetes.
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