1
|
Kantasrila R, Pandith H, Balslev H, Wangpakapattanawong P, Panyadee P, Inta A. Ethnobotany and phytochemistry of plants used to treat musculoskeletal disorders among Skaw Karen, Thailand. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2024; 62:62-104. [PMID: 38131672 PMCID: PMC10763916 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2023.2292261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Musculoskeletal system disorders (MSD) are prevalent around the world affecting the health of people, especially farmers who work hard in the field. Karen farmers use many medicinal plants to treat MSD. OBJECTIVE This study collects traditional plant-based remedies used by the Skaw Karen to treat MSD and evaluates their active phytochemical compounds. MATERIALS AND METHODS The ethnobotanical study was conducted in six Karen villages in Chiang Mai province using semi-structured interviews were of 120 informants. The data were analyzed using ethnobotanical indices including use values (UV), choice value (CV), and informant consensus factor (ICF). Consequently, the 20 most important species, according to the indices, were selected for phytochemical analysis using LC-MS/MS. RESULTS A total of 3731 use reports were obtained for 139 species used in MSD treatment. The most common ailments treated with those plants were muscular pain. A total of 172 high-potential active compounds for MSD treatment were identified. Most of them were flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, and steroids. The prevalent phytochemical compounds related to treat MSD were 9-hydroxycalabaxanthone, dihydrovaltrate, morroniside, isoacteoside, lithocholic acid, pomiferin, cucurbitacin E, leonuriside A, liriodendrin, and physalin E. Sambucus javanica Reinw. ex Blume (Adoxaceae), Betula alnoides Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don (Betulaceae), Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC. (Asteraceae), Plantago major L. (Plantaginaceae) and Flacourtia jangomas (Lour.) Raeusch. (Salicaceae) all had high ethnobotanical index values and many active compounds. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS This study provides valuable information, demonstrating low-cost medicine plants that are locally available. It is a choice of treatment for people living in remote areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rapeeporn Kantasrila
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
- The Botanical Garden Organization, Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | - Henrik Balslev
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - Prateep Panyadee
- The Botanical Garden Organization, Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Angkhana Inta
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lokman M, Kassab R, Salem F, Elshopakey G, Hussein A, Aldarmahi A, Theyab A, Alzahrani K, Hassan K, Alsharif K, Albrakati A, Tayyeb J, El-khadragy M, Alkhateeb M, Al-Ghamdy A, Althagafi H, Abdel Moneim A, El-Hennamy R. Asiatic acid rescues intestinal tissue by suppressing molecular, biochemical, and histopathological changes associated with the development of ulcerative colitis. Biosci Rep 2024; 44:BSR20232004. [PMID: 38699907 PMCID: PMC11130539 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20232004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Asiatic acid (AA) is a polyphenolic compound with potent antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities that make it a potential choice to attenuate inflammation and oxidative insults associated with ulcerative colitis (UC). Hence, the present study aimed to evaluate if AA can attenuate molecular, biochemical, and histological alterations in the acetic acid-induced UC model in rats. To perform the study, five groups were applied, including the control, acetic acid-induced UC, UC-treated with 40 mg/kg aminosalicylate (5-ASA), UC-treated with 20 mg/kg AA, and UC-treated with 40 mg/kg AA. Levels of different markers of inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis were studied along with histological approaches. The induction of UC increased the levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and nitric oxide (NO). Additionally, the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its downstream antioxidant proteins [catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR)] were down-regulated in the colon tissue. Moreover, the inflammatory mediators [myeloperoxidase (MPO), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP1), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β)] were increased in the colon tissue after the induction of UC. Notably, an apoptotic response was developed, as demonstrated by the increased caspase-3 and Bax and decreased Bcl2. Interestingly, AA administration at both doses lessened the molecular, biochemical, and histopathological changes following the induction in the colon tissue of UC. In conclusion, AA could improve the antioxidative status and attenuate the inflammatory and apoptotic challenges associated with UC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maha S. Lokman
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam bin Abdul Aziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, 11795, Egypt
| | - Rami B. Kassab
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, 11795, Egypt
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Al-Baha University, Almakhwah, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatma A.M. Salem
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan 11795, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gehad E. Elshopakey
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Akram Hussein
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Al-Baha University, Almakhwah, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. Aldarmahi
- Department of Basic Science, College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, National Guard-Health Affairs, P.O. Box 3660 Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Theyab
- College of Medicine, Al-Faisal University, P.O. Box 50927, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Laboratory & Blood Bank, Security Forces Hospital, P.O. Box 14799, Mecca 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid J. Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid E. Hassan
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalaf F. Alsharif
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf Albrakati
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jehad Z. Tayyeb
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 23890, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal El-khadragy
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 84428, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariam A. Alkhateeb
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 84428, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali O. Al-Ghamdy
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Al-Baha University, Almakhwah, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussam A. Althagafi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Al-Baha University, Almakhwah, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed E. Abdel Moneim
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, 11795, Egypt
| | - Rehab E. El-Hennamy
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, 11795, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Huang LF, Ye QR, Chen XC, Huang XR, Zhang QF, Wu CY, Liu HF, Yang C. Research Progress of Drug Delivery Systems Targeting the Kidneys. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:625. [PMID: 38794195 PMCID: PMC11124227 DOI: 10.3390/ph17050625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects more than 10% of the global population, and its incidence is increasing, partially due to an increase in the prevalence of disease risk factors. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an independent risk factor for CKD and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The pathogenic mechanisms of CKD provide several potential targets for its treatment. However, due to off-target effects, conventional drugs for CKD typically require high doses to achieve adequate therapeutic effects, leading to long-term organ toxicity. Therefore, ideal treatments that completely cure the different types of kidney disease are rarely available. Several approaches for the drug targeting of the kidneys have been explored in drug delivery system research. Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems have multiple merits, including good biocompatibility, suitable degradability, the ability to target lesion sites, and fewer non-specific systemic effects. In this review, the development, potential, and limitations of low-molecular-weight protein-lysozymes, polymer nanomaterials, and lipid-based nanocarriers as drug delivery platforms for treating AKI and CKD are summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hua-Feng Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China; (L.-F.H.); (Q.-R.Y.); (X.-C.C.); (X.-R.H.); (Q.-F.Z.); (C.-Y.W.)
| | - Chen Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China; (L.-F.H.); (Q.-R.Y.); (X.-C.C.); (X.-R.H.); (Q.-F.Z.); (C.-Y.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chutoprapat R, Witarat J, Jongpanyangarm P, Mang Sung Thluai L, Khankaew P, Wah Chan L. Development of solid lipid microparticles (SLMs) containing asiatic acid for topical treatment of acne: Characterization, stability, in vitro and in vivo anti-acne assessment. Int J Pharm 2024; 654:123980. [PMID: 38460769 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Solid lipid microparticles (SLMs) represent a promising approach for drug delivery in anti-acne applications. In this study, asiatic acid-loaded SLMs (AASLMs) were prepared by melt emulsification method in conjunction with freeze-drying. Comprehensive evaluations comprised particle size, %entrapment efficiency (%EE), %labeled amount (%LA), surface morphology, stability, %release, %skin permeation, and anti-acne activity. The AASLMs exhibited an average particle size ranging from 7.46 to 38.86 µm, with %EE and %LA falling within the range of 31.56 to 100.00 and 90.43 to 95.38, respectively. The AASLMs demonstrated a spherical shape under scanning electron microscopy, and maintained stability over a 3-month period. Notably, formulations with 10 % and 15 % cetyl alcohol stabilized with poloxamer-188 (specifically F6 and F12) displayed a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 75 mg/ml against Cutibacterium acnes. Furthermore, F12 exhibited a higher %release and %skin permeation compared to F6 over 24 h. In a single-blind clinical trial involving fifteen participants with mild-to-moderate acne, F12 showcased its potential not only in reducing porphyrin intensity and enhancing skin barriers but also in significantly improving skin hydration and brightness. However, further investigations with larger subject cohorts encompassing diverse age groups and genders are necessary to thoroughly establish the performance of the developed AASLMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romchat Chutoprapat
- Cosmetic Science Program, Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Jatuporn Witarat
- Cosmetic Science Program, Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Panalee Jongpanyangarm
- Cosmetic Science Program, Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Lucy Mang Sung Thluai
- Cosmetic Science Program, Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Pichanon Khankaew
- Cosmetic Science Program, Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Lai Wah Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xue JC, Yuan S, Hou XT, Meng H, Liu BH, Cheng WW, Zhao M, Li HB, Guo XF, Di C, Li MJ, Zhang QG. Natural products modulate NLRP3 in ulcerative colitis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1265825. [PMID: 37849728 PMCID: PMC10577194 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1265825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a clinically common, progressive, devastating, chronic inflammatory disease of the intestine that is recurrent and difficult to treat. Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) is a protein complex composed of multiple proteins whose formation activates cysteine aspartate protease-1 (caspase-1) to induce the maturation and secretion of inflammatory mediators such as interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18, promoting the development of inflammatory responses. Recent studies have shown that NLRP3 is associated with UC susceptibility, and that it maintains a stable intestinal environment by responding to a wide range of pathogenic microorganisms. The mainstay of treatment for UC is to control inflammation and relieve symptoms. Despite a certain curative effect, there are problems such as easy recurrence after drug withdrawal and many side effects associated with long-term medication. NLRP3 serves as a core link in the inflammatory response. If the relationship between NLRP3 and gut microbes and inflammation-associated factors can be analyzed concerning its related inflammatory signaling pathways, its expression status as well as specific mechanism in the course of IBD can be elucidated and further considered for clinical diagnosis and treatment of IBD, it is expected that the development of lead compounds targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome can be developed for the treatment of IBD. Research into the prevention and treatment of UC, which has become a hotbed of research in recent years, has shown that natural products are rich in therapeutic means, and multi-targets, with fewer adverse effects. Natural products have shown promise in treating UC in numerous basic and clinical trials over the past few years. This paper describes the regulatory role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in UC and the mechanism of recent natural products targeting NLRP3 against UC, which provides a reference for the clinical treatment of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Chen Xue
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, Yanbian University College of Basic Medicine, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Shuo Yuan
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Hou
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Huan Meng
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Bao-Hong Liu
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Wen-Wen Cheng
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Hong-Ben Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xue-Fen Guo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Chang Di
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Min-Jie Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Qing-Gao Zhang
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, Yanbian University College of Basic Medicine, Yanji, Jilin, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Musfiroh I, Kartasasmita RE, Ibrahim S, Muchtaridi M, Hidayat S, Ikram NKK. Stability Analysis of the Asiatic Acid-COX-2 Complex Using 100 ns Molecular Dynamic Simulations and Its Selectivity against COX-2 as a Potential Anti-Inflammatory Candidate. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093762. [PMID: 37175172 PMCID: PMC10180211 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Asiatic acid, a triterpenoid compound, has been shown to have anti-inflammatory activity through the inhibition of the formation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in vitro and in vivo. This study was conducted to determine the binding stability and the inhibitory potential of asiatic acid as an anti-inflammatory candidate. The study involved in vitro testing utilizing a colorimetric kit as well as in silico testing for the pharmacophore modeling and molecular dynamic (MD) simulation of asiatic acid against COX-2 (PDB ID: 3NT1). The MD simulations showed a stable binding of asiatic acid to COX-2 and an RMSD range of 1-1.5 Å with fluctuations at the residues of Phe41, Leu42, Ile45, Arg44, Asp367, Val550, Glu366, His246, and Gly227. The total binding energy of the asiatic acid-COX-2 complex is -7.371 kcal/mol. The anti-inflammatory activity of the asiatic acid inhibition of COX-2 was detected at IC50 values of 120.17 µM. Based on pharmacophore modeling, we discovered that carboxylate and hydroxyl are the two main functional groups that act as hydrogen bond donors and acceptors interacting with the COX-2 enzyme. From the results, it is evident that asiatic acid is a potential anti-inflammatory candidate with high inhibitory activity in relation to the COX-2 enzyme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ida Musfiroh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia
| | - Rahmana E Kartasasmita
- Department of Pharmacochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Institute Technology Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Slamet Ibrahim
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Jenderal Ahmad Yani, Bandung 40285, Indonesia
| | - Muchtaridi Muchtaridi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia
| | - Syahrul Hidayat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia
| | - Nur Kusaira Khairul Ikram
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nattapon R, Aree W, Sompol T, Anchalee V, Chit C, Wongsathit C, Kanokwan T, Mayuree TH, Narawut P. Standardized Centella asiatica (ECa 233) extract decreased pain hypersensitivity development in a male mouse model of chronic inflammatory temporomandibular disorder. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6642. [PMID: 37095163 PMCID: PMC10126003 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33769-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory temporomandibular disorder (TMD) pain has a high prevalence, and available nonspecific treatments have adverse side effects. ECa 233, a standardized Centella asiatica extract, is highly anti-inflammatory and safe. We investigated its therapeutic effects by injecting complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) into right temporomandibular joint of mice and administering either ibuprofen or ECa 233 (30, 100, and 300 mg/kg) for 28 days. Inflammatory and nociceptive markers, bone density, and pain hypersensitivity were examined. CFA decreased ipsilateral bone density, suggesting inflammation localization, which ipsilaterally caused immediate calcitonin gene-related peptide elevation in the trigeminal ganglia (TG) and trigeminal subnucleus caudalis (TNC), followed by late increase of NaV1.7 in TG and of p-CREB and activation of microglia in TNC. Contralaterally, only p-CREB and activated microglia in TNC showed delayed increase. Pain hypersensitivity, which developed early ipsilaterally, but late contralaterally, was reduced by ibuprofen and ECa 233 (30 or 100 mg/kg). However, ibuprofen and only 100-mg/kg ECa 233 effectively mitigated marker elevation. This suggests 30-mg/kg ECa 233 was antinociceptive, whereas 100-mg/kg ECa 233 was both anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive. ECa 233 may be alternatively and safely used for treating chronic inflammatory TMD pain, showing an inverted U-shaped dose-response relationship with maximal effect at 100 mg/kg.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rotpenpian Nattapon
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Srisavarindhira Bldg., 13Th Floor, Wanglang Road, Siriraj Subdistrict, Bangkoknoi District, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
- Department of Oral Biology and Occlusion, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Wanasuntronwong Aree
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tapechum Sompol
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Srisavarindhira Bldg., 13Th Floor, Wanglang Road, Siriraj Subdistrict, Bangkoknoi District, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Vattarakorn Anchalee
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Srisavarindhira Bldg., 13Th Floor, Wanglang Road, Siriraj Subdistrict, Bangkoknoi District, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Care Chit
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Srisavarindhira Bldg., 13Th Floor, Wanglang Road, Siriraj Subdistrict, Bangkoknoi District, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Chindasri Wongsathit
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Srisavarindhira Bldg., 13Th Floor, Wanglang Road, Siriraj Subdistrict, Bangkoknoi District, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Tilokskulchai Kanokwan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Srisavarindhira Bldg., 13Th Floor, Wanglang Road, Siriraj Subdistrict, Bangkoknoi District, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | | | - Pakaprot Narawut
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Srisavarindhira Bldg., 13Th Floor, Wanglang Road, Siriraj Subdistrict, Bangkoknoi District, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Haller OJ, Semendric I, George RP, Collins-Praino LE, Whittaker AL. The effectiveness of anti-inflammatory agents in reducing chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment in preclinical models - A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 148:105120. [PMID: 36906244 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment (CICI) is a debilitating condition resulting from chemotherapy administration for cancer treatment. CICI is characterised by various cognitive impairments, including issues with learning, memory, and concentration, impacting quality of life. Several neural mechanisms are proposed to drive CICI, including inflammation, therefore, anti-inflammatory agents could ameliorate such impairments. Research is still in the preclinical stage; however, the efficacy of anti-inflammatories to reduce CICI in animal models is unknown. Therefore, a systematic review was conducted, with searches performed in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, PsycInfo and Cochrane Library. A total of 64 studies were included, and of the 50 agents identified, 41 (82%) reduced CICI. Interestingly, while non-traditional anti-inflammatory agents and natural compounds reduced impairment, the traditional agents were unsuccessful. Such results must be taken with caution due to the heterogeneity observed in terms of methods employed. Nevertheless, preliminary evidence suggests anti-inflammatory agents could be beneficial for treating CICI, although it may be critical to think beyond the use of traditional anti-inflammatories when considering which specific compounds to prioritise in development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia J Haller
- School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.
| | - Ines Semendric
- School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Rebecca P George
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, South Australia 5371, Australia
| | | | - Alexandra L Whittaker
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, South Australia 5371, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mani A, Kushwaha K, Khurana N, Gupta J. p-Coumaric acid attenuates high-fat diet-induced oxidative stress and nephropathy in diabetic rats. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2022; 106:872-880. [PMID: 34596925 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of persistent hyperglycaemia during diabetes, impair antioxidant defence system and generate reactive oxygen species, which majorly contribute to its progression and associated complications. Phytochemicals were suggested to scavenge-free radicals and exert antioxidant effects required to improve insulin sensitivity and reduce the occurrence of diabetes-associated complications. We hypothesise that a phenolic phytochemical p-coumaric can reduce diabetes-induced oxidative stress and improve diabetes-associated nephropathy in rats. The aim of this study is to analyse the protective effects of p-coumaric acid against diabetes-induced oxidative stress and nephropathy in high-fat diet-induced diabetic rats. The oral feeding of p-coumaric acid (20 mg/kg for 12 weeks) was found to significantly decrease the elevated levels of blood glucose in high-fat diet-induced type 2 diabetic rats. p-Coumaric acid treatment also decreases the kidney weight whilst increasing the total body weight of diabetic rats. Furthermore whilst evaluation of the different renal functioning tests, p-coumaric acid significantly improves histopathological changes and the levels of urea, creatinine and uric acid in serum of diabetic rats, which was otherwise elevated under diabetic conditions. Our results also highlight that p-coumaric acid is an efficient compound with antioxidant properties and improves the diabetes-induced change in lipid peroxidation and activities of antioxidant enzymes: catalase, glutathione-S-transferase and superoxide dismutase. p-Coumaric acid thus possesses the potential to prevent diabetic nephropathy by reducing oxidative stress and can thus serve as a potential drug target for pharmaceutical companies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akhand Mani
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Kriti Kushwaha
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Navneet Khurana
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Jeena Gupta
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Preparation and Safety Evaluation of Centella asiatica Total Glycosides Nitric Oxide Gel and Its Therapeutic Effect on Diabetic Cutaneous Ulcers. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:1419146. [PMID: 35368764 PMCID: PMC8975668 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1419146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cutaneous ulcers (DCU) are a chronic and refractory complication of diabetes mellitus, which can lead to amputation or even death in extreme cases. Promoting the early healing of DCU and reducing the disability rate and treatment cost are important research topics in treating with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine. Centella asiatica total glycosides are extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine Centella asiatica and have angiogenic, anticancer, antioxidant, and wound healing effects. Nitric oxide (NO) is a critical component of wound healing. During the development of DCU, endogenous NO secretion is insufficient. It has been reported that exogenous nitric oxide can promote wound healing, but it is difficult to adhere to the skin because of its short half-life. Therefore, in this study, we used the polymer excipient hydroxyethyl cellulose as the matrix, combined with Centella asiatica total glycosides and NO, and developed a new type of topical gel that can promote wound healing. At the same time, we made a comprehensive research and evaluation on the preparation technology, quality standard, skin toxicity, reproductive toxicity, and pharmacodynamics against diabetic skin ulcers of the gel. According to our research results, the combination of Centella asiatica total glycosides and nitric oxide can accelerate the healing speed of DCU wounds, and 8% Centella asiatica total glycosides nitric oxide gel (CATGNOG) has the best effect in ulcer wound healing. CATGNOG has the advantages of feasible preparation method, controllable quality, good stability at low temperature, and no apparent skin toxicity and reproductive toxicity. It can effectively inhibit the growth of bacteria on the wound surface, relieve the inflammatory reaction of the wound surface, and promote the healing of ulcer wound, which provides a basis for further research of the preparation in the future.
Collapse
|
11
|
Kukula O, Kırmızıkan S, Tiryaki ES, Çiçekli MN, Günaydın C. Asiatic acid exerts an anti-psoriatic effect in the imiquimod-induced psoriasis model in mice. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2022; 44:367-372. [PMID: 35253588 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2022.2048849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Background: Psoriasis is a common skin disorder related to inflammation and immune response. However, many treatment modalities are present in the clinics, and drug conformity halts chronic treatment. Therefore, novel treatment options are still needed. In this study, the possible protective effect of asiatic acid is one of the active compounds present in Centella Asiatica, was investigated in the imiquimod-induced psoriasis murine model.Methods:Imiquimod (62.5 mg) was administered dorsal skin of the mice for 6 days. Animals were co-treated with low-dose (25 mg/kg, p.o.) and high-dose (100 mg/kg, p.o.) asiatic acid. The dorsal skin of the animals was daily scored for erythema, thickness, and scaling. At the end of the treatments, serum levels of IL-17A and IL-23 were determined by ELISA. Additionally, the dorsal skins of animals were histopathologically evaluated.Results: Asiatic acid (high-dose) prevented imiquimod-induced skin lesions and protected dermal integrity in addition decreasing mast cell infiltration due to the imiquimod. Furthermore, asiatic acid (high-dose) suppressed the imiquimod-induced increase in serum levels of IL-17A and IL-23.Conclusion: These results indicate that asiatic acid showed an anti-psoriatic effect in the imiquimod-induced psoriasis model via mediating IL-17A and IL-23 pathways. Because wound healing properties of asiatic acid are described, further investigations should be carried out to understand deeper mechanisms and possible use in dermatological pathologies such as psoriasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Osman Kukula
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Seda Kırmızıkan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hamidiye School of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Emre Soner Tiryaki
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | | | - Caner Günaydın
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Samsun University, Samsun, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Oboh M, Govender L, Siwela M, Mkhwanazi BN. Anti-Diabetic Potential of Plant-Based Pentacyclic Triterpene Derivatives: Progress Made to Improve Efficacy and Bioavailability. Molecules 2021; 26:7243. [PMID: 34885816 PMCID: PMC8659003 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) results from the inability of the pancreas to produce sufficient insulin or weakened cellular response to the insulin produced, which leads to hyperglycemia. Current treatments of DM focus on the use of oral hypoglycemic drugs such as acarbose, alpha-glucose inhibitors, sulphonylureas, thiazolidinediones, and biguanides to control blood glucose levels. However, these medications are known to have various side effects in addition to their bioavailability, efficacy, and safety concerns. These drawbacks have increased interest in the anti-diabetic potential of plant-derived bioactive compounds such as oleanolic and maslinic acids. Although their efficacy in ameliorating blood glucose levels has been reported in several studies, their bioavailability and efficacy remain of concern. The current review examines the anti-diabetic effects of oleanolic, maslinic, asiatic, ursolic, and corosolic acids and their derivatives, as well as the progress made thus far to enhance their bioavailability and efficacy. The literature for the current review was gathered from leading academic databases-including Google Scholar and PubMed-the key words listed below were used. The literature was searched as widely and comprehensively as possible without a defined range of dates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Blessing Nkazimulo Mkhwanazi
- Dietetics and Human Nutrition, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg 3201, South Africa; (M.O.); (L.G.); (M.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sohn SH, Sul HJ, Kim B, Kim BJ, Kim HS, Zang DY. TRK inhibitors block NFKB and induce NRF2 in TRK fusion-positive colon cancer. J Cancer 2021; 12:6356-6362. [PMID: 34659525 PMCID: PMC8489125 DOI: 10.7150/jca.60845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropomyosin receptor kinase (TRK) fusion is one of the oncogenic driver causes of colon cancer, and tropomyosin 3-neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1 (TPM3-NTRK1) fusion has been detected in the KM12SM cell line. In the present study, we investigated anticancer mechanisms in the KM12SM cell line using three different form of dovitinib (dovitinib (free base), dovitinib lactate (mono acid), and dovitinib dilactic acid (diacid)) and four TRK inhibitors (LOXO-101, entrectinib, regorafenib, and crizotinib). Exposure of TRK inhibitors at concentrations of 10 nM resulted in the apoptosis of KM12SM cells, whereas regorafenib had no effect. Treatment with all inhibitors except regorafenib also significantly increased the expression levels of the genes nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and glutamyl cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) in KM12SM. These drugs significantly reduced expression of the phosphorylated proteins NFκB and COX-2 in the KM12SM cell line, and significantly attenuated KM12SM cell migration, according to a Transwell migration assay. Together, these results suggest that TRK inhibitors block products of carcinogenesis by negatively regulating the NFκB signaling pathway and positively regulating the antioxidant NRF2 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hwa Sohn
- Hallym Translational Research Institute, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, 14066, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jung Sul
- Hallym Translational Research Institute, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, 14066, Republic of Korea
| | - Bohyun Kim
- Hallym Translational Research Institute, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, 14066, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum Jun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 14068, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Su Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 14068, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Young Zang
- Hallym Translational Research Institute, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, 14066, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 14068, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Qian XP, Zhang XH, Sun LN, Xing WF, Wang Y, Sun SY, Ma MY, Cheng ZP, Wu ZD, Xing C, Chen BN, Wang YQ. Corosolic acid and its structural analogs: A systematic review of their biological activities and underlying mechanism of action. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 91:153696. [PMID: 34456116 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The corosolic acid (CA), also known as plant insulin, is a pentacyclic triterpenoid extracted from plants such as Lagerstroemia speciosa. It has been shown to have anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects. Its structural analogs ursolic acid (UA), oleanolic acid (OA), maslinic acid (MA), asiatic acid (AA) and betulinic acid (BA) display similar individual pharmacological activities to those of CA. However, there is no systematic review documenting pharmacological activities of CA and its structural analogues. This study aims to fill this gap in literature. PURPOSE This systematic review aims to summarize the medical applications of CA and its analogues. METHODS A systematic review summarizes and compares the extraction techniques, pharmacokinetic parameters, and pharmacological effects of CA and its structural analogs. Hypoglycemic effect is one of the key inclusion criteria for searching Web of Science, PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases up to October 2020 without language restrictions. 'corosolic acid', 'ursolic acid', 'oleanolic acid', 'maslinic acid', 'asiatic acid', 'betulinic acid', 'extraction', 'pharmacokinetic', 'pharmacological' were used to extract relevant literature. The PRISMA guidelines were followed. RESULTS At the end of the searching process, 140 articles were selected for the systematic review. Information of CA and five of its structural analogs including UA, OA, MA, AA and BA were included in this review. CA and its structural analogs are pentacyclic triterpenes extracted from plants and they have low solubilities in water due to their rigid scaffold and hydrophobic properties. The introduction of water-soluble groups such as sugar or amino groups could increase the solubility of CA and its structural analogs. Their biological activities and underlying mechanism of action are reviewed and compared. CONCLUSION CA and its structural analogs UA, OA, MA, AA and BA are demonstrated to show activities in lowering blood sugar, anti-inflammation and anti-tumor. Their oral absorption and bioavailability can be improved through structural modification and formulation design. CA and its structural analogs are promising natural product-based lead compounds for further development and mechanistic studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Ping Qian
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China; Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xue-Hui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Shengze Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lu-Ning Sun
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei-Fan Xing
- Nanjing Chenxiang Pharmaceutical Research Co. Ltd
| | - Yu Wang
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Shi-Yu Sun
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng-Yuan Ma
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China; Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zi-Ping Cheng
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Zu-Dong Wu
- Nanjing Chenxiang Pharmaceutical Research Co. Ltd
| | - Chen Xing
- Nanjing Chenxiang Pharmaceutical Research Co. Ltd
| | - Bei-Ning Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brookhill, Sheffield S3 7HF, United Kingdom.
| | - Yong-Qing Wang
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China; Department of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Shengze Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Immunomodulatory and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Asiatic Acid in a DNCB-Induced Atopic Dermatitis Animal Model. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072448. [PMID: 34371956 PMCID: PMC8308735 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of asiatic acid (AA) in atopic dermatitis (AD). AA treatment (5–20 µg/mL) dose-dependently suppressed the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α level and interleukin (IL)-6 protein expression in interferon (IFN)-γ + TNF-α-treated HaCaT cells. The 2,4-dinitrocholrlbenzene (DNCB)-induced AD animal model was developed by administering two AA concentrations (30 and 75 mg/kg/d: AD + AA-L and AD + AA-H groups, respectively) for 18 days. Interestingly, AA treatment decreased AD skin lesions formation and affected other AD characteristics, such as increased ear thickness, lymph node and spleen size, dermal and epidermal thickness, collagen deposition, and mast cell infiltration in dorsal skin. In addition, in the DNCB-induced AD animal model, AA treatment downregulated the mRNA expression level of AD-related cytokines, such as Th1- (TNF-α and IL-1β and -12) and Th2 (IL-4, -5, -6, -13, and -31)-related cytokines as well as that of cyclooxygenase-2 and CXCL9. Moreover, in the AA treatment group, the protein level of inflammatory cytokines, including COX-2, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-8, as well as the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways, were decreased. Overall, our study confirmed that AA administration inhibited AD skin lesion formation via enhancing immunomodulation and inhibiting inflammation. Thus, AA can be used as palliative medication for regulating AD symptoms.
Collapse
|
16
|
Li J, Chen K, Huang J, Chu D, Tian M, Huang K, Ma C. Asiatic Acid Induces Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Activates the Grp78/IRE1α/JNK and Calpain Pathways to Inhibit Tongue Cancer Growth. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:690612. [PMID: 34122116 PMCID: PMC8187906 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.690612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Asiatic acid (AA) has been shown to induce apoptotic death in a range of cancers, but the mechanisms whereby it can inhibit tongue cancer growth have yet to be clarified. Herein, we explored the effects of AA on tongue cancer cells and found that it induced their apoptotic death in vitro and in vivo, while additionally impairing xenograft tumor growth in vivo. From a mechanistic perspective, AA treatment was associated with increases in levels of calcium and the calcium- dependent protease calpain, and it further induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and consequent Grp78-related IRE1α and JNK phosphorylation, ultimately driving caspase-3 activation and apoptotic death. Together, these results highlight AA as a promising tool for the therapeutic treatment of tongue cancer in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Li
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China.,Graduated School of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Kan Chen
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Huang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China.,Life Science Institute of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Dongqing Chu
- Graduated School of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Miaomiao Tian
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China.,Graduated School of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Keqiang Huang
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Chunyu Ma
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Balakrishnan R, Azam S, Cho DY, Su-Kim I, Choi DK. Natural Phytochemicals as Novel Therapeutic Strategies to Prevent and Treat Parkinson's Disease: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6680935. [PMID: 34122727 PMCID: PMC8169248 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6680935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second-most common neurodegenerative chronic disease affecting both cognitive performance and motor functions in aged people. Yet despite the prevalence of this disease, the current therapeutic options for the management of PD can only alleviate motor symptoms. Research has explored novel substances for naturally derived antioxidant phytochemicals with potential therapeutic benefits for PD patients through their neuroprotective mechanism, targeting oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, abnormal protein accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, neurotrophic factor deficit, and apoptosis. The aim of the present study is to perform a comprehensive evaluation of naturally derived antioxidant phytochemicals with neuroprotective or therapeutic activities in PD, focusing on their neuropharmacological mechanisms, including modulation of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, growth factor induction, neurotransmitter activity, direct regulation of mitochondrial apoptotic machinery, prevention of protein aggregation via modulation of protein folding, modification of cell signaling pathways, enhanced systemic immunity, autophagy, and proteasome activity. In addition, we provide data showing the relationship between nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and PD is supported by studies demonstrating that antiparkinsonian phytochemicals can activate the Nrf2/antioxidant response element (ARE) signaling pathway and Nrf2-dependent protein expression, preventing cellular oxidative damage and PD. Furthermore, we explore several experimental models that evaluated the potential neuroprotective efficacy of antioxidant phytochemical derivatives for their inhibitory effects on oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in the brain. Finally, we highlight recent developments in the nanodelivery of antioxidant phytochemicals and its neuroprotective application against pathological conditions associated with oxidative stress. In conclusion, naturally derived antioxidant phytochemicals can be considered as future pharmaceutical drug candidates to potentially alleviate symptoms or slow the progression of PD. However, further well-designed clinical studies are required to evaluate the protective and therapeutic benefits of phytochemicals as promising drugs in the management of PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rengasamy Balakrishnan
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Research Institute of Inflammatory Disease (RID), Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Shofiul Azam
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Duk-Yeon Cho
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - In Su-Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Research Institute of Inflammatory Disease (RID), Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Kug Choi
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Research Institute of Inflammatory Disease (RID), Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Uddandrao VVS, Rameshreddy P, Brahmanaidu P, Ponnusamy P, Balakrishnan S, Ramavat RN, Swapna K, Pothani S, Nemani H, Meriga B, Vadivukkarasi S, P R N, Ganapathy S. Antiobesity efficacy of asiatic acid: down-regulation of adipogenic and inflammatory processes in high fat diet induced obese rats. Arch Physiol Biochem 2020; 126:453-462. [PMID: 30739501 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2018.1555668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, we evaluated the effects of Asiatic acid (AA) on lipid metabolic markers in HFD-induced obese Sprague-Dawley rat model. AA (20 mg/kg BW) was administered orally to HFD-fed rats for 42 days. Changes in body composition, glucose, insulin resistance (IR) and lipid profiles of tissues, plasma and the pattern of gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) and its target genes fatty-acid synthase (FAS), adipocyte protein-2 (aP2) and uncoupling protein-2 (UCP-2) and pro-inflammatory factor tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were observed in experimental rats. Oral administration of AA exerts therapeutic effects similar to orlistat in attenuating body weight gain, glucose, IR, plasma and tissue lipids and mRNA levels of PPAR-γ, FAS, aP2 and inflammatory factor TNF-α and increasing UCP-2 expression in HFD-fed rats. Hence, these findings concluded that AA attenuate HFD-induced obesity by modulating PPAR-γ and its target genes and regulate lipid metabolism, suggesting their possible antiobesity effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V V Sathibabu Uddandrao
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, India
| | - P Rameshreddy
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, India
| | - P Brahmanaidu
- Animal Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, ICMR-National Animal Resource Facility for Biomedical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Santhanaraj Balakrishnan
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Bio-Medical Engineering, Velalar College of Engineering and Technology, Thindal, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ravindar Naik Ramavat
- Animal Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, ICMR-National Animal Resource Facility for Biomedical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - K Swapna
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, India
| | - Suresh Pothani
- Animal Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, ICMR-National Animal Resource Facility for Biomedical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Harishankar Nemani
- Animal Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, ICMR-National Animal Resource Facility for Biomedical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Balaji Meriga
- Department of Biochemistry, Animal Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
| | - S Vadivukkarasi
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, India
| | - Nivedha P R
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, India
| | - Saravanan Ganapathy
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, India
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ghiulai R, Roşca OJ, Antal DS, Mioc M, Mioc A, Racoviceanu R, Macaşoi I, Olariu T, Dehelean C, Creţu OM, Voicu M, Şoica C. Tetracyclic and Pentacyclic Triterpenes with High Therapeutic Efficiency in Wound Healing Approaches. Molecules 2020; 25:E5557. [PMID: 33256207 PMCID: PMC7730621 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Wounds are among the most common skin conditions, displaying a large etiological diversity and being characterized by different degrees of severity. Wound healing is a complex process that involves multiple steps such as inflammation, proliferation and maturation and ends with scar formation. Since ancient times, a widely used option for treating skin wounds are plant- based treatments which currently have become the subject of modern pharmaceutical formulations. Triterpenes with tetracyclic and pentacyclic structure are extensively studied for their implication in wound healing as well as to determine their molecular mechanisms of action. The current review aims to summarize the main results of in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies conducted on lupane, ursane, oleanane, dammarane, lanostane and cycloartane type triterpenes as potential wound healing treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Ghiulai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timişoara, Romania; (R.G.); (O.J.R.); (M.M.); (R.R.); (C.Ş.)
| | - Oana Janina Roşca
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timişoara, Romania; (R.G.); (O.J.R.); (M.M.); (R.R.); (C.Ş.)
| | - Diana Simona Antal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timişoara, Romania
| | - Marius Mioc
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timişoara, Romania; (R.G.); (O.J.R.); (M.M.); (R.R.); (C.Ş.)
| | - Alexandra Mioc
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timişoara, Romania;
| | - Roxana Racoviceanu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timişoara, Romania; (R.G.); (O.J.R.); (M.M.); (R.R.); (C.Ş.)
| | - Ioana Macaşoi
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd EftimieMurgu Sq., 300041 Timişoara, Romania; (I.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Tudor Olariu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd EftimieMurgu Sq., 300041 Timişoara, Romania;
| | - Cristina Dehelean
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd EftimieMurgu Sq., 300041 Timişoara, Romania; (I.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Octavian Marius Creţu
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd EftimieMurgu Sq., 300041 Timişoara, Romania;
| | - Mirela Voicu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd EftimieMurgu Sq., 300041 Timişoara, Romania
| | - Codruţa Şoica
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timişoara, Romania; (R.G.); (O.J.R.); (M.M.); (R.R.); (C.Ş.)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yi C, Si L, Xu J, Yang J, Wang Q, Wang X. Effect and mechanism of asiatic acid on autophagy in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in vivo and in vitro. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:54. [PMID: 32952644 PMCID: PMC7485304 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) is a major cause of heart failure in patients with coronary heart disease. The excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during MIRI induces the overactivation of an autophagic response, which aggravates myocardial cell damage. Asiatic acid (AA) is a triterpenoid compound, which is extracted from Centella asiatica and exhibits a variety of pharmacological effects such as hepatoprotective, neuroprotective and antioxidant. However, the association of AA with autophagy in MIRI is not fully understood. In the present study, the positive effects of AA in MIRI injury were determined via establishing a MIRI mouse model. Pre-treatment with AA was indicated to improve cardiac function and decrease cardiomyocyte autophagy in mice subjected to MIRI. To examine the protective effects of AA and the underlying mechanisms in MIRI, a cardiomyocyte glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD) model was established. The administration of AA decreased the levels of ROS and malondialdehyde and increased the levels of superoxide dismutase activity in OGD-treated cells. Using western blotting, it was demonstrated that treatment with AA decreased the phosphorylation of p38 and increased the expression of Bcl-2 in OGD-treated cells. Additionally, the expression of autophagy markers, including beclin-1 and the microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B II/I ratio, were also decreased in AA treated cells compared with OGD-treated cells. These results demonstrated that AA pretreatment protected cardiomyocytes from ROS-mediated autophagy via a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase/Bcl-2/beclin-1 signaling pathway in MIRI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenlong Yi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
| | - Linjie Si
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Junyi Yang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Physalin A attenuates inflammation through down-regulating c-Jun NH2 kinase phosphorylation/Activator Protein 1 activation and up-regulating the antioxidant activity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 402:115115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
22
|
Lu YH, Chen MC, Liu F, Xu Z, Tian XT, Xie Y, Huang CG. Synthesis and Cytotoxic Activity of Novel C-23-Modified Asiatic Acid Derivatives. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25163709. [PMID: 32823913 PMCID: PMC7464201 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We selectively oxidized the C-23 hydroxyl group in an asiatic acid (AA) derivative and then, for the first time with AA, modification of the C-23 carboxyl group was conducted to synthesize a series of new AA derivatives. The evaluation of their cytotoxic activities against two human cancer cell lines (SKOV-3 and HCT116) using the MTT assay in vitro revealed a distinctive structure activity relationship (SAR) associated with the intramolecular hydrogen bonding of the amide moiety at C-23. According to the established SAR, the cytotoxic activities of four promising compounds were then evaluated against MCF-7, A549, A2780, HepG2 and HL-60 cancer cell lines. Compound 10 had the best cytotoxic activity among all tested derivatives in the HL-60 cell line, giving IC50 = 0.47 μM, while showing no cytotoxic effect against human normal cells (HUVEC).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-hong Lu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China; (Y.-h.L.); (M.-c.C.); (F.L.); (Z.X.); (X.-t.T.)
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ming-cang Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China; (Y.-h.L.); (M.-c.C.); (F.L.); (Z.X.); (X.-t.T.)
| | - Fang Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China; (Y.-h.L.); (M.-c.C.); (F.L.); (Z.X.); (X.-t.T.)
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhou Xu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China; (Y.-h.L.); (M.-c.C.); (F.L.); (Z.X.); (X.-t.T.)
| | - Xiao-ting Tian
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China; (Y.-h.L.); (M.-c.C.); (F.L.); (Z.X.); (X.-t.T.)
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yang Xie
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China; (Y.-h.L.); (M.-c.C.); (F.L.); (Z.X.); (X.-t.T.)
- Correspondence: (Y.X.); (C.-g.H.); Tel./Fax: +86-21-2023-1963 (C.-g.H.)
| | - Cheng-gang Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China; (Y.-h.L.); (M.-c.C.); (F.L.); (Z.X.); (X.-t.T.)
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: (Y.X.); (C.-g.H.); Tel./Fax: +86-21-2023-1963 (C.-g.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Cho YC, Vuong HL, Ha J, Lee S, Park J, Wibow AE, Cho S. Inhibition of Inflammatory Responses by Centella asiatica via Suppression of IRAK1-TAK1 in Mouse Macrophages. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2020; 48:1103-1120. [PMID: 32668965 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x20500548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. (C. asiatica) has been widely treated for inflammation-related diseases in China for thousands of years. While C. asiatica showed relevant effects as traditional medicine, the mechanism of C. asiatica suppressing inflammation has not been thoroughly investigated. Therefore, this study was conducted to reveal the anti-inflammatory mechanism of methanol fraction from C. asiatica (MCA) at the molecular level in murine macrophages. Levels of inflammation-related mediators were observed with treatment of MCA. MCA significantly suppressed nitric oxide production and iNOS expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Prostaglandin E2 production was alleviated by MCA via the downregulation of cyclooxygenase-2. MCA treatment also reduced pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor-[Formula: see text] and interleukin (IL)-6 levels. LPS/D-GalN-induced acute hepatitis in mouse was alleviated by MCA treatment. In addition, MCA decreased the phosphorylation of inhibitory [Formula: see text]B[Formula: see text] (I[Formula: see text]B[Formula: see text]) at Ser32/36 and thereby blocked I[Formula: see text]B[Formula: see text] degradation. TXY motif phosphorylation in the activation loops of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) was also suppressed by MCA treatment. Further investigation revealed that MCA inhibited transforming growth factor-[Formula: see text]-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) phosphorylation and IL-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK1) degradation, the upstream kinases activating nuclear factor [Formula: see text]B and MAPKs. Taken together, MCA exhibited anti-inflammatory properties via the downregulation of IRAK1-TAK1 signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Chang Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Huong Lan Vuong
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Jain Ha
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Sewoong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Park
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Agung Eru Wibow
- Center for Pharmaceutical and Medical Technology, Deputy for Agroindustrial Technology and Biotechnology, The Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT), Jakarta 10340, Indonesia
| | - Sayeon Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Garanti T, Alhnan MA, Wan KW. RGD-decorated solid lipid nanoparticles enhance tumor targeting, penetration and anticancer effect of asiatic acid. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2020; 15:1567-1583. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2020-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Asiatic acid (AA) is a promising anticancer agent, however, its delivery to glioblastoma is a major challenge. This work investigates the beneficial therapeutic efficacy of RGD-conjugated solid lipid nanoparticles (RGD-SLNs) for the selective targeting of AA to gliblastoma. Materials & methods: AA-containing RGD-SLNs were prepared using two different PEG-linker size. Targetability and efficacy were tested using monolayer cells and spheroid tumor models. Results: RGD-SLNs significantly improved cytotoxicity of AA against U87-MG monolayer cells and enhanced cellular uptake compared with non-RGD-containing SLNs. In spheroid models, AA-containing RGD-SLNs showed superior control in tumor growth, improved cytotoxicity and enhanced spheroid penetration when compared with AA alone or non-RGD-containing SLNs. Conclusion: This study illustrates the potential of AA-loaded RGD-SLNs as efficacious target-specific treatment for glioblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanem Garanti
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Cyprus International University, Haspolat, Nicosia, 99258, Cyprus via Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Mohamed A Alhnan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Ka-Wai Wan
- School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, PR1 2HE, UK
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
He J, Chen H, Zhou W, Chen M, Yao Y, Zhang Z, Tan N. Kidney targeted delivery of asiatic acid using a FITC labeled renal tubular-targeting peptide modified PLGA-PEG system. Int J Pharm 2020; 584:119455. [PMID: 32464235 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the leading public health problems worldwide and finally progresses to end-stage renal disease. The therapeutic options of CKD are very limited. Thus, development of drug delivery systems specific-targeting to kidney may offer more options. Here we developed an efficient kidney-targeted drug delivery system using a FITC labeled renal tubular-targeting peptide modified PLGA-PEG nanoparticles and investigated the intrarenal distribution and cell-type binding. We found that the modified nanoparticles with an approximate diameter of 200 nm exhibited the highest binding capacity with HK-2 cells and fluorescence and immunohistochemical analysis showed they mainly localized in renal proximal tubules by passing through the basolateral side. Furthermore, these kidney-specific nanoparticles could significantly enhance the therapeutic effects of asiatic acid, an insoluble triterpenoid compound as drug delivery carriers. In conclusion, these results suggest the potential of the peptide modified PLGA-PEG nanoparticles as kidneytargeted drug delivery system to proximal tubular cells in treatment of CKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junqiu He
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Huachao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Minmin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yongrong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Zhihao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Ninghua Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Liu N, Fu D, Yang J, Liu P, Song X, Wang X, Li R, Fu Z, Chen J, Gong X, Chen C, Yang L. Asiatic acid attenuates hypertrophic and fibrotic differentiation of articular chondrocytes via AMPK/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Arthritis Res Ther 2020; 22:112. [PMID: 32398124 PMCID: PMC7218496 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-020-02193-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoarthritis (OA), the most common joint disorder, is characterized by a progressive degradation of articular cartilage. Increasing evidence suggests that OA is closely associated with cartilage pathologies including chondrocyte hypertrophy and fibrosis. Methods In this study, we showed that asiatic acid (AA) treatment reduced chondrocyte hypertrophy and fibrosis. First, the cytotoxicity of AA (0, 5, 10, and 20 μM) to chondrocytes was evaluated, and 5 μM was selected for subsequent experiments. Then, we detected the gene and protein level of chondrocyte hypertrophic markers including type X collagen (COL-X), matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2); chondrocyte fibrosis markers including type I collagen (COL-Ι) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA); and chondrogenic markers including SRY-related HMG box 9 (SOX9), type II collagen (COL-II), and aggrecan (ACAN). Further, we tested the mechanism of AA on inhibiting chondrocyte hypertrophy and fibrosis. Finally, we verified the results in an anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) rat OA model. Results We found that AA treatment inhibited the hypertrophic and fibrotic phenotype of chondrocytes, without affecting the chondrogenic phenotype. Moreover, we found that AA treatment activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and inhibited phosphoinositide-3 kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway in vitro. The results in an ACLT rat OA model also indicated that AA significantly attenuated chondrocyte hypertrophy and fibrosis. Conclusion AA treatment could reduce hypertrophic and fibrotic differentiation and maintain the chondrogenic phenotype of articular chondrocytes by targeting the AMPK/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Our study suggested that AA might be a prospective drug component that targets hypertrophic and fibrotic chondrocytes for OA treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Dejie Fu
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Junjun Yang
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Pingju Liu
- Zunyi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Zunyi, China
| | - Xiongbo Song
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Li
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Zhenlan Fu
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jiajia Chen
- Biomedical Analysis Center, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Gong
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- College of Medical Informatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Liu Yang
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Inhibitory Effects of Raw-Extract Centella asiatica (RECA) on Acetylcholinesterase, Inflammations, and Oxidative Stress Activities via In Vitro and In Vivo. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25040892. [PMID: 32079355 PMCID: PMC7070982 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Centella asiatica (C. asiatica) is one of the medicinal plants that has been reported to exert comprehensive neuroprotection in vitro and in vivo. In view of this, the present study was performed to investigate the effect of ethanolic extract of C. asiatica, designated as raw-extract of C. asiatica (RECA) in reducing the acetylcholinesterase (AChE), inflammations, and oxidative stress activities via both in vitro (SH-SY5Y and RAW 264.7 cells) and in vivo (Sprague Dawley rats). Quantitative high-performance liquid chromatography analysis reveals that RECA contains a significantly high proportion of glycosides than the aglycones with madecassoside as the highest component, followed by asiaticoside. Treatment of SH-SY5Y cells with RECA significantly reduced the AChE activity in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 31.09 ± 10.07 µg/mL. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of RECA were evaluated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Our results elucidated that treatment with RECA significantly suppressed the level of pro-inflammatory cytokine/mediators and oxidative stress released in a concentration-dependent manner. Interestingly, these patterns of inhibition were consistent as observed in the LPS-induced neuroinflammation Sprague Dawley rats’ model. The highest concentration used in the two models presented the most significant results. Herein, our findings strongly suggest that RECA may offer therapeutic potential for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease through inhibiting the AChE, inflammation, and oxidative stress activities.
Collapse
|
28
|
Nie X, Zhang H, Shi X, Zhao J, Chen Y, Wu F, Yang J, Li X. Asiaticoside nitric oxide gel accelerates diabetic cutaneous ulcers healing by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 79:106109. [PMID: 31865242 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.106109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic ulcers, gangrene, local infections and other traumatic symptoms of wound healing are all directly related. Promoting the early healing of diabetic cutaneous ulcers (DCU) and reducing the disability and treatment costs is an important research project integrating traditional Chinese and Western medicine. Nitric oxide (NO) is a key component of wound healing, and endogenous NO secretion is insufficient during the development of DCU. It has been reported that exogenous NO can promote wound healing, but exogenous NO has a short half-life and is difficult to adhere to the skin. Asiaticoside (AC) is extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine Centella asiatica, and has angiogenic, anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing effects. Therefore, our study is based on the hypothesis that the combination of AC and NO to treat DCU is possible. In this study we considered gels of AC and NO, and evaluated the effects of the gel on DCU healing. Based on our study, it was found that the combined effect of asiaticoside and NO could accelerate the healing rate of DCU wounds. The asiaticoside NO gel can inhibit the growth of bacteria in the wound surface, alleviate the inflammatory reaction of wound, and increase the expression of VEGF, iNOS, eNOS and CD34. Our research shows that asiaticoside NO gel may promote DCU wound healing by regulating Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway. It will provide new targets and strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of DCU.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuqiang Nie
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China.
| | - Han Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Xiujun Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Jiufeng Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Yu Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Faming Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Jianwen Yang
- Pharmacy Department, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Qi JJ, Li XX, Diao YF, Liu PL, Wang DL, Bai CY, Yuan B, Liang S, Sun BX. Asiatic acid supplementation during the in vitro culture period improves early embryonic development of porcine embryos produced by parthenogenetic activation, somatic cell nuclear transfer and in vitro fertilization. Theriogenology 2019; 142:26-33. [PMID: 31574397 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Asiatic acid is a pentacyclic triterpene enriched in the medicinal herb Centella asiatica, and it has been suggested to possess free radical scavenging and anti-apoptotic properties. The purpose of the current study was to explore the effects of asiatic acid on porcine early-stage embryonic development and the potential mechanisms for any observed effects. The results showed that 10 μM asiatic acid supplementation during the in vitro culture period dramatically improved developmental competence in porcine embryos derived from parthenogenetic activation (PA), somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) and in vitro fertilization (IVF). Further analysis revealed that asiatic acid attenuated H2O2-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Notably, asiatic acid not only enhanced intracellular GSH levels but also attenuated mitochondrial dysfunction. Gene expression analysis revealed that asiatic acid upregulated expression of the antioxidant-related gene Sod-1 and the blastocyst formation related gene Cox-2, while downregulating expression of the apoptosis-related gene Caspase-9 in SCNT blastocysts. These results suggest that asiatic acid exerts beneficial effects on early embryonic development in porcine embryos and that asiatic acid may be useful for improving the in vitro production of porcine embryos.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jia Qi
- Department of Animals Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiao Xia Li
- Institute of Special Animal & Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yun Fei Diao
- Institute of Special Animal & Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Peng-Lei Liu
- Department of Animals Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Da-Li Wang
- Department of Animals Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chun-Yan Bai
- Department of Animals Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bao Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Animals Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Bo-Xing Sun
- Department of Animals Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Leaf Oil from Cinnamomum subavenium In Vitro and In Vivo. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:1823149. [PMID: 30915347 PMCID: PMC6402240 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1823149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The study determined the chemical constituents and anti-inflammatory effects of leaf oil from Cinnamomum subavenium (CS-LO) that has been used in folk medicine to treat various symptoms including inflammation. The anti-inflammatory effects of the oil were evaluated by LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and the Carr-induced hind mouse paw edema model, respectively. In vitro, nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β were significantly decreased by CS-LO, and the expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) protein was blocked as well. In in vivo, the malondialdehyde (MDA) and paw edema levels were decreased by CS-LO, and the same result came up on the NO and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-a) of serum at the 5th h after Carr injection. In addition, iNOS and COX-2 immunoreactive cells of the paw tissue were decreased significantly by CS-LO (200 mg/kg) in histological examination. The present findings indicated that CS-LO have anti-inflammatory properties, and the effects might be caused through inhibiting iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 expression via affecting NF-κB pathway, which will provide a power scientific basis for CS-LO to be used as the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
|
31
|
Centella asiatica Prevents Increase of Hippocampal Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Independently of Its Effect on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Rat Model of Chronic Stress. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:2649281. [PMID: 30956976 PMCID: PMC6431365 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2649281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Centella asiatica ameliorates memory impairment and induces expression of hippocampal brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) in chronically stressed rats. The relationship between the anti-inflammatory effect of Centella asiatica on hippocampal BDNF and the involvement of sirtuin-1, a BDNF expression regulator, in neuroprotective mechanisms of Centella asiatica warrants an investigation. We investigated the effect of Centella asiatica ethanolic extracts (CA) on TNF-α, IL-10, and SIRT1 levels and whether these predicted BDNF expression in rat hippocampus after chronic stress. For the experiments, thirty male rats (Sprague Dawley) were divided into six groups: nonstressed-control, stressed-control, nonstressed +CA 300mg/kg/d, stressed +CA 150 mg/kg/d, stressed +CA 300 mg/kg/d, and stressed +CA 600 mg/kg/d. On day 28, rats were sacrificed and hippocampus was dissected out. Hippocampal TNF-α, IL-10, SIRT1, and BDNF were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Hippocampal TNF-α level was significantly higher in the stressed-control compared to nonstressed-control groups. Across all stress conditions, rats receiving the highest dose of CA had the lowest mean TNF-α and highest mean BDNF. There were no significant differences in IL-10 and SIRT1 levels between groups. Hippocampal TNF-α did not predict hippocampal BDNF in a regression analysis. In conclusion, lower TNF-α and higher BDNF in the hippocampus support the hypothesis that these factors independently contribute to Centella asiatica's neuroprotective effect in chronically stressed rats.
Collapse
|
32
|
Harnvoravongchai P, Chankhamhaengdecha S, Ounjai P, Singhakaew S, Boonthaworn K, Janvilisri T. Antimicrobial Effect of Asiatic Acid Against Clostridium difficile Is Associated With Disruption of Membrane Permeability. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2125. [PMID: 30245677 PMCID: PMC6137100 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a major concern in Clostridium difficile, the causative agent of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Reduced susceptibility to first- and second-line agents is widespread, therefore various attempts have been made to seek alternative preventive and therapeutic strategies against this pathogen. In this work, the antimicrobial properties of asiatic acid were evaluated against C. difficile. Asiatic acid displayed substantial inhibitory effects on 19 C. difficile isolates collected from different sources with minimal inhibitory concentrations ranging from 10 to 20 μg/ml. Time kill analysis and minimal bactericidal concentration revealed potential bactericidal activity of this compound. Asiatic acid induced membrane damages and alterations in morphological ultrastructure in C. difficile, thereby causing the leakage of intracellular substances. Moreover, asiatic acid also displayed an inhibitory effect on cell motility, but did not interfere with biofilm formation and spore germination. Analysis of drug combination showed no synergistic effect between asiatic acid and vancomycin/metronidazole. Altogether, asiatic acid exhibited strong antimicrobial activity against vegetative cells and could serve as an alternative resource for tackling C. difficile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Puey Ounjai
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sombat Singhakaew
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kanpong Boonthaworn
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tavan Janvilisri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Nagoor Meeran MF, Goyal SN, Suchal K, Sharma C, Patil CR, Ojha SK. Pharmacological Properties, Molecular Mechanisms, and Pharmaceutical Development of Asiatic Acid: A Pentacyclic Triterpenoid of Therapeutic Promise. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:892. [PMID: 30233358 PMCID: PMC6131672 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Asiatic acid (AA) is a naturally occurring aglycone of ursane type pentacyclic triterpenoids. It is abundantly present in many edible and medicinal plants including Centella asiatica that is a reputed herb in many traditional medicine formulations for wound healing and neuropsychiatric diseases. AA possesses numerous pharmacological activities such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory and regulates apoptosis that attributes its therapeutic effects in numerous diseases. AA showed potent antihypertensive, nootropic, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, antimicrobial, and antitumor activities in preclinical studies. In various in vitro and in vivo studies, AA found to affect many enzymes, receptors, growth factors, transcription factors, apoptotic proteins, and cell signaling cascades. This review aims to represent the available reports on therapeutic potential and the underlying pharmacological and molecular mechanisms of AA. The review also also discusses the challenges and prospects on the pharmaceutical development of AA such as pharmacokinetics, physicochemical properties, analysis and structural modifications, and drug delivery. AA showed favorable pharmacokinetics and found bioavailable following oral or interaperitoneal administration. The studies demonstrate the polypharmacological properties, therapeutic potential and molecular mechanisms of AA in numerous diseases. Taken together the evidences from available studies, AA appears one of the important multitargeted polypharmacological agents of natural origin for further pharmaceutical development and clinical application. Provided the favorable pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy, AA can be a promising agent or adjuvant along with currently used modern medicines with a pharmacological basis of its use in therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Fizur Nagoor Meeran
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Kapil Suchal
- Department of Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, India
| | - Charu Sharma
- Department of Internal Meicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Chandragouda R. Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, India
| | - Shreesh K. Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Fong LY, Ng CT, Yong YK, Hakim MN, Ahmad Z. Asiatic acid stabilizes cytoskeletal proteins and prevents TNF-α-induced disorganization of cell-cell junctions in human aortic endothelial cells. Vascul Pharmacol 2018; 117:15-26. [PMID: 30114509 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial hyperpermeability represents an initiating step in early atherosclerosis and it often occurs as a result of endothelial barrier dysfunction. Asiatic acid, a major triterpene isolated from Centella asiatica (L.) Urban, has previously been demonstrated to protect against tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction. The present study aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the barrier protective effect of asiatic acid in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). The localization of F-actin, diphosphorylated myosin light chain (diphospho-MLC), adherens junctions (AJs) and tight junctions (TJs) was studied using immunocytochemistry techniques and confocal microscopy. Their total protein expressions were examined using western blot analysis. The endothelial permeability was assessed using In Vitro Vascular Permeability Assay kits. In addition, intracellular redistribution of the junctional proteins was evaluated using subcellular fractionation kits. We show that asiatic acid stabilized F-actin and diphospho-MLC at the cell periphery and prevented their rearrangement stimulated by TNF-α. However, asiatic acid failed to attenuate cytochalasin D-induced increased permeability. Besides, asiatic acid abrogated TNF-α-induced structural reorganization of vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin and β-catenin by preserving their reticulum structures at cell-cell contact areas. In addition, asiatic acid also inhibited TNF-α-induced redistribution of occludin and zona occludens (ZO)-1 in different subcellular fractions. In conclusion, the barrier-stabilizing effect of asiatic acid might be associated with preservation of AJs and prevention of TJ redistribution caused by TNF-α. This study provides evidence to support the potential use of asiatic acid in the prevention of early atherosclerosis, which is initiated by endothelial barrier dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lai Yen Fong
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Pre-clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Chin Theng Ng
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Physiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, AIMST University, 08100 Bedong, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Yoke Keong Yong
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Nazrul Hakim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zuraini Ahmad
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Welbat JU, Chaisawang P, Pannangrong W, Wigmore P. Neuroprotective Properties of Asiatic Acid against 5-Fluorouracil Chemotherapy in the Hippocampus in an Adult Rat Model. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1053. [PMID: 30096914 PMCID: PMC6115773 DOI: 10.3390/nu10081053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
5-fluorouracil or 5-FU (a chemotherapeutic medication) has been revealed to induce memory deficits in many cancer patients. Asiatic acid (AA) is a triterpenoid extract from Centella asiatica. This compound can ameliorate intracellular oxidative stress caused by chemotherapy drugs. Recent studies have shown that AA is capable of inhibiting neuronal generation and memory deficit produced by 5-FU chemotherapy. This study aimed to assess the molecular mechanisms of AA related to hippocampal neurogenesis and memory in rats receiving 5-FU. Male Sprague Dawley rats were given AA (30 mg/kg) orally and given 5-FU (25 mg/kg) by i.v. injection 5 times. Some rats were given AA for 20 days before and during 15-FU treatment (preventive), some received AA for 20 days after 5-FU treatment (recovery), and some underwent treatment with AA throughout the time of the experiment (throughout) for 40 days. Treatment with 5-FU caused significant reductions in Notch1, sex determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2), nestin, doublecortin (DCX), and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) levels within the hippocampus. In addition, 5-FU significantly increased p21 positive cell number in the subgranular zone (SGZ) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the hippocampus. Administration with both AA and 5-FU in prevention and throughout was able to prevent decreases in Notch1 SOX2, nestin, DCX, and Nrf2 caused by 5-FU. Treatment with AA also led to decreases in p21 positive cells and MDA levels in the hippocampus. These findings exhibit that AA has the ability to counteract the down-regulation of neurogenesis within the hippocampus and memory deficits caused by 5-FU via inhibiting oxidative stress and increasing neuroprotective properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jariya Umka Welbat
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
- Neuroscience Research and Development Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Pornthip Chaisawang
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Wanassanun Pannangrong
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Peter Wigmore
- School of Life Sciences, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham University, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Chemical Composition and Antioxidant, Analgesic, and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Methanolic Extract of Euphorbia retusa in Mice. Pain Res Manag 2018; 2018:4838413. [PMID: 30073041 PMCID: PMC6057281 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4838413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Plants provide an alternative source to manage different human disorders due to various metabolites. The aim of this study is to investigate the phytochemical constituents of the methanolic extracts of Euphorbia retusa and to evaluate their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activities. The phytochemical results obtained by HPLC and by chemical assay reactions have revealed the richness of the methanolic extract of E. retusa in active compounds, in particular polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins. The methanolic extract shows significant antioxidant activities in vitro, in the DPPH and the FRAP assays. The antinociceptive activity was evaluated using acetic acid and hot-plate models of pain in mice. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by carrageenan-induced paw edema. Oral pretreatment with the methanolic extract of E. retusa (200 mg/kg) exhibited a significant inhibition of pain induced either by acetic acid or by the heating plate and in a manner comparable to the standard drug paracetamol. E. retusa significantly reduced paw edema starting from the 3rd hour after carrageenan administration by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and GPx) in liver and paw tissues and decreasing the levels of MDA. These results may confirm the interesting potential of this plant as a treatment of various inflammatory and pain diseases.
Collapse
|
37
|
Asiatic acid attenuates CCl 4 -induced liver fibrosis in rats by regulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Bcl-2/Bax signaling pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 60:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
38
|
Lv J, Sharma A, Zhang T, Wu Y, Ding X. Pharmacological Review on Asiatic Acid and Its Derivatives: A Potential Compound. SLAS Technol 2018; 23:111-127. [PMID: 29361877 DOI: 10.1177/2472630317751840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Natural triterpenes represent a group of pharmacologically active and structurally diverse organic compounds. The focus on these phytochemicals has been enormous in the past few years, worldwide. Asiatic acid (AA), a naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpenoid, is found mainly in the traditional medicinal herb Centella asiatica. Triterpenoid saponins, which are the primary constituents of C. asiatica, are commonly believed to be responsible for their extensive therapeutic actions. Published research work has described the molecular mechanisms underlying the various biological activities of AA and its derivatives, which vary for each chronic disease. However, a compilation of the various pharmacological properties of AA has not yet been done. Herein, we describe in detail the pharmacological properties of AA and its derivatives that inhibit multiple pathways of intracellular signaling molecules and transcription factors that are involved in the various stages of chronic diseases. Furthermore, the pharmacological activities of AA were compared with two natural compounds: curcumin and resveratrol. This review summarizes the research on AA and its derivatives and helps to provide future directions in the area of drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Lv
- 1 School of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Alok Sharma
- 1 School of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- 1 School of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuchen Wu
- 1 School of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianting Ding
- 1 School of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Siddique AI, Mani V, Renganathan S, Ayyanar R, Nagappan A, Namasivayam N. Asiatic acid abridges pre-neoplastic lesions, inflammation, cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in a rat model of colon carcinogenesis. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 278:197-211. [PMID: 29108773 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The utmost aim of this present study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative and proapoptotic potential of Asiatic acid (AA) on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colon carcinogenesis in experimental rats. Rats were divided into six groups and received modified pellet diet for 32 weeks. Group 1 served as control rats. Group 2 received AA (4 mg/kg b.w. p.o.). Group 3-6 rats received 15 DMH (20 mg/kg b.w., s.c.) injections once a week starting from the 4th week. Besides DMH, rats received AA (4 mg/kg b.w. p.o.) in group 4 starting 2 weeks before carcinogen treatment till the end of the last DMH; group 5 starting 2 days after last DMH till the end of the experiment; and group 6 throughout the experiment. Pre-neoplastic lesions, xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes, inflammation, cell proliferation and apoptotic markers were analysed in our study. Our results ascertained AA supplementation to DMH-exposed rats significantly decreased the incidence of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and phase I xenobiotic enzymes; and increased the phase II xenobiotic enzymes and mucin content as compared to DMH-alone-exposed rats. Moreover the increased expressions of mast cells, argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and cyclin D1 observed in the DMH-alone-exposed rats were reverted and were comparable with those of the control rats, when treated with AA. Concordantly AA also induced apoptosis by downregulating the expression of Bcl-2 and upregulating Bax, cytochrome c, caspase-3 and -9 in the DMH-alone-exposed rats. Thus AA was able to inhibit DMH-induced colon carcinogenesis by detoxifying the carcinogen, decreasing the preneoplastic lesions by virtue of its anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects. Therefore our findings suggest that AA could be used as an effective chemopreventive agent against DMH induced colon carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aktarul Islam Siddique
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, 608002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vijay Mani
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, 608002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Senbagarani Renganathan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, 608002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajagopal Ayyanar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, 608002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ananthi Nagappan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, 608002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nalini Namasivayam
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, 608002, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Rameshreddy P, Uddandrao VVS, Brahmanaidu P, Vadivukkarasi S, Ravindarnaik R, Suresh P, Swapna K, Kalaivani A, Parvathi P, Tamilmani P, Saravanan G. Obesity-alleviating potential of asiatic acid and its effects on ACC1, UCP2, and CPT1 mRNA expression in high fat diet-induced obese Sprague-Dawley rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 442:143-154. [PMID: 28993954 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3199-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the effects of asiatic acid (AA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid from Centella asiatica on lipid metabolism parameters in a rat model of obesity induced using a high fat diet (HFD) for 42 days. AA (20 mg/kg body weight [BW]) was administered orally once daily for 42 days, and an orlistat-treated group of rats (10 mg/kg BW) was included for comparison. Changes in BW, blood glucose levels, insulin resistance and leptin, adiponectin, amylase, and lipase levels in the blood; lipid profiles of plasma; liver antioxidants levels; and acetyl CoA carboxylase(ACC), uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2), and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT1) mRNA expression were observed in the experimental rats. Our results revealed that AA (20 mg/kg BW), similar to orlistat, reduced the increase in BW; increased bone mineral contents and bone mineral densities; reduced blood glucose levels, insulin resistance, leptin, plasma lipid levels; increased adiponectin, amylase, lipase levels in the blood; showed antioxidant activity; and altered mRNA expression of lipid metabolism-related genes, including ACC, UCP 2, and CPT 1, in the HFD-fed rats. From these results, we concluded that AA possesses significant anti-obesity potential through the suppression of BW gain, lipid lowering action, development of insulin and leptin sensitivity, antioxidant activity, and increased mRNA expression of lipid metabolism-related genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Rameshreddy
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Biological Sciences, K. S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Namakkal Dt, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, 637215, India
| | - V V Sathibabu Uddandrao
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Biological Sciences, K. S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Namakkal Dt, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, 637215, India
| | - Parim Brahmanaidu
- Department of Biotechnology, Vikrama Simhapuri University, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, 524003, India
| | - S Vadivukkarasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Biological Sciences, K. S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Namakkal Dt, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, 637215, India
| | - Ramavat Ravindarnaik
- National Centre for Laboratory Animal Sciences, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Pothani Suresh
- National Centre for Laboratory Animal Sciences, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - K Swapna
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Biological Sciences, K. S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Namakkal Dt, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, 637215, India
| | - A Kalaivani
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Biological Sciences, K. S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Namakkal Dt, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, 637215, India.,Department of Biochemistry, PGP College of Art and Science, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, 637207, India
| | - Parimi Parvathi
- Department of Biotechnology, Vikrama Simhapuri University, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, 524003, India
| | - P Tamilmani
- Department of Biochemistry, PGP College of Art and Science, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, 637207, India
| | - Ganapathy Saravanan
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Biological Sciences, K. S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Namakkal Dt, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, 637215, India.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Xiao W, Jiang W, Li K, Hu Y, Li S, Zhou L, Wan R. Protective effect of asiatic acid in an experimental cerulein-induced model of acute pancreatitis in mice. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:3842-3852. [PMID: 28861174 PMCID: PMC5575197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Asiatic acid (AA), a triterpenoid derived from the medicinal plant Centella asiatica, is considered to have anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic and anti-tumor effects, but its effects in acute pancreatitis (AP) are unknown. Our purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of AA in a mouse model of cerulein-induced pancreatitis. We evaluated AA in an experimental model of AP induced in mice by six hourly intraperitoneal injections of cerulein 50 µg/kg. Mice were pretreated with vehicle or AA 50 mg/kg 2 h before the first cerulein injection. The severity of AP was evaluated histologically and by biochemistry, myeloperoxidase activity, proinflammatory cytokine production, and nuclear factor (NF)-κB activity. Administration of AA significantly reduced the severity of AP, and was associated with reduction of serum amylase and lipase levels, decreased pancreatic histological damage, and decreased myeloperoxidase activity. The serum levels and mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and NF-κB activity were reduced. AA also significantly improved the in vitro viability of pancreatic acinar cells induced by cholecystokinin (CCK) and suppressed NF-κB activity. AA protected against experimental AP, possibly by reducing production of proinflammatory cytokines via suppression NF-κB activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqin Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University301 Yanchang Road, Jingan District, Shanghai 200072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiliang Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University100 Haining Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai 200080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University100 Haining Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai 200080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University100 Haining Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai 200080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sisi Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University100 Haining Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai 200080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University100 Haining Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai 200080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University301 Yanchang Road, Jingan District, Shanghai 200072, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University100 Haining Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai 200080, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Hao C, Wu B, Hou Z, Xie Q, Liao T, Wang T, Ma D. Asiatic acid inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory response in human gingival fibroblasts. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 50:313-318. [PMID: 28738247 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Asiatic acid, a triterpenoid component isolated from Centella asiatica (L.) Urban, possesses antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, we aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of asiatic acid both in vivo and in vitro. HGFs or RAW264.7 cells were treated with asiatic acid 1h before LPS treatment. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay. The levels of PGE2, NO, IL-6, and IL-8 were detected by ELISA. Protein expression levels were detected by western blot analysis. In vivo, asiatic acid significantly inhibited LPS-induced IL-6 and IL-8 expression levels in gingival tissues. In vitro, LPS-induced PGE2, NO, IL-6, and IL-8 production was significantly attenuated by asiatic acid. Asiatic acid also inhibited p65 NF-κB phosphorylation induced by LPS in HGFs. The expression of PPAR-γ was up-regulated by asiatic acid. Furthermore, GW9662, a PPAR-γ inhibitor, attenuated the inhibitory effect of asiatic acid on PGE2, NO, IL-6, and IL-8 production. Our results suggest that asiatic acid activates PPAR-γ, which subsequently inhibits LPS-induced NF-κB activation and inflammatory mediators production. Asiatic acid may offer therapeutic potential for the treatment of periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunbo Hao
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital and College of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China; Department of Stomatology, Hainan Province People's Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, PR China
| | - Buling Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital and College of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Zhiming Hou
- School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Qi Xie
- Department of Stomatology, Hainan Province People's Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, PR China
| | - Tianan Liao
- School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Hainan Province People's Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, PR China
| | - Dandan Ma
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital and College of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Maneesai P, Bunbupha S, Kukongviriyapan U, Senggunprai L, Kukongviriyapan V, Prachaney P, Pakdeechote P. Effect of asiatic acid on the Ang II-AT 1R-NADPH oxidase-NF-κB pathway in renovascular hypertensive rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2017; 390:1073-1083. [PMID: 28733880 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-017-1408-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Asiatic acid, a triterpenoid compound derived from Centella asiatica, has been demonstrated to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The present study evaluated the effects of asiatic acid on hemodynamic alterations, renin-angiotensin system (RAS), oxidative stress, and inflammation in 2K-1C hypertensive rats. Renovascular hypertension was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats and treated with vehicle, asiatic acid (30 mg/kg/day), or captopril (5 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks. We observed that 2K-1C hypertensive rats exhibited hemodynamic alterations such as high blood pressure, heart rate, hindlimb vascular resistance, and low hindlimb blood flow. Signs of RAS activation, such as increased plasma angiotensin II and serum angiotensin-converting enzyme activity, enhanced AT1R protein expression, and suppressed AT2R expression was observed in 2K-1C hypertensive rats. Overproduction of vascular superoxide, high levels of plasma MDA, low levels of plasma nitric oxide metabolites (NOx), and upregulation of gp91phox protein expression were observed in hypertensive rats. Furthermore, inflammation was observed in hypertensive rats, as evidenced by increased plasma TNF-α, NF-κB, and phospho-NF-κB protein expression. Asiatic acid or captopril alleviated hemodynamic alterations, RAS activation, oxidative stress, and inflammation in 2K-1C hypertensive rats. These findings indicate that asiatic acid is an antihypertensive agent that ameliorates hemodynamic alterations in 2K-1C hypertensive rats. This effect may involve one or both of the following mechanisms: the direct effect of asiatic acid on RAS activation, oxidative stress and inflammation, and/or asiatic acid acting as an ACE inhibitor agent to inhibit the Ang II-AT1R-NADPH oxidase-NF-κB pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Putcharawipa Maneesai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.,Cardiovascular Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Sarawoot Bunbupha
- Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, 44000, Thailand
| | - Upa Kukongviriyapan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.,Cardiovascular Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Laddawan Senggunprai
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Veerapol Kukongviriyapan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Parichat Prachaney
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Poungrat Pakdeechote
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand. .,Cardiovascular Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Chaisawang P, Sirichoat A, Chaijaroonkhanarak W, Pannangrong W, Sripanidkulchai B, Wigmore P, Welbat JU. Asiatic acid protects against cognitive deficits and reductions in cell proliferation and survival in the rat hippocampus caused by 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180650. [PMID: 28700628 PMCID: PMC5503269 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemotherapy drug, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), has been reported to cause cognitive impairments in cancer patients. The drug also reduces cell proliferation and survival in the brain. Asiatic acid (AA) is a triterpene compound found in Centella asiatica that can protect against reduction of neurogenesis in the hippocampus and memory deficits induced by valproic acid (VPA). In the present study, we investigated the preventive effects of AA on the deficits in spatial working memory and cell proliferation and survival caused by 5-FU chemotherapy in a rat model. Male Sprague Dawley rats received 5-FU (5 i.v. injections, 25 mg/kg) on day 8, 11, 14, 17 and 20 of the study. This was co-administered with AA (30 mg/kg, oral gavage tube) either 20 days before receiving 5-FU (preventive), after receiving 5-FU (recovery), or for the entire period of the experiment (throughout). Spatial working memory was determined using the novel object location (NOL) test and hippocampal cell proliferation and survival of dividing cells were quantified using immunohistochemistry. Rats in the 5-FU alone and recovery groups showed memory deficits in the NOL test and reductions in cell proliferation and cell survival in the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Rats in the control, AA alone, and both preventive and throughout co-administration groups, however, did not exhibit these characteristics. The results showed that 5-FU chemotherapy impaired memory and reduced cell proliferation and cell survival in the SGZ of the hippocampal dentate gyrus. However, these impairments in the animals receiving 5-FU chemotherapy were restored to control levels when AA was co-administered before and during 5-FU treatment. These data demonstrate that AA can prevent the spatial working memory and hippocampal neurogenesis impairments caused by 5-FU chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pornthip Chaisawang
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Apiwat Sirichoat
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | | | - Wanassanun Pannangrong
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Center for Research and Development of Herbal Health Products, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Bungorn Sripanidkulchai
- Center for Research and Development of Herbal Health Products, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Peter Wigmore
- School of Life Sciences, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jariya Umka Welbat
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Center for Research and Development of Herbal Health Products, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Neuroscience Research and Development Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Qi Z, Ci X, Huang J, Liu Q, Yu Q, Zhou J, Deng X. Asiatic acid enhances Nrf2 signaling to protect HepG2 cells from oxidative damage through Akt and ERK activation. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 88:252-259. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.01.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
|
46
|
Chen H, Hua XM, Ze BC, Wang B, Wei L. The anti-inflammatory effects of asiatic acid in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human corneal epithelial cells. Int J Ophthalmol 2017; 10:179-185. [PMID: 28251074 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2017.02.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of asiatic acid (AA) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response in human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs). METHODS Cell viability was measured using a cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to determine the mRNA expression of interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in HCECs. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured using the ROS assay kit. Glutathione (GSH) concentration was measured using the total GSH assay kit. Akt1 and Akt phosphorylation (p-Akt1) levels were measured by Western blotting and immunofluorescence. RESULTS AA induced toxicity at high concentrations and significantly stimulated the proliferation of HCECs at concentrations of 20 µmol/L for 1h. LPS at concentrations of 300 ng/mL for 1h significantly stimulated the mRNA expression of IL-8, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and TGF-β in HCECs, while the stimulation effects were significantly inhibited by AA (20 µmol/L). In addition, AA was found to decrease the content of ROS, increase GSH generation, and also inhibit LPS-induced p-Akt in HCECs. CONCLUSION AA decreases the generation of inflammatory factors IL-8, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and TGF-β in LPS-stimulated HCECs. AA significantly inhibites the intracellular concentrations of ROS and increases GSH generation. AA also inhibites LPS-induced p-Akt in HCECs. These findings reveal that AA has anti-inflammation effects in LPS-stimulated HCECs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Special Medicine Department of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Min Hua
- Special Medicine Department of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Bai-Chen Ze
- Special Medicine Department of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Special Medicine Department of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Li Wei
- Special Medicine Department of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Sandhiutami NMD, Moordiani M, Laksmitawati DR, Fauziah N, Maesaroh M, Widowati W. In vitro assesment of anti-inflammatory activities of coumarin and Indonesian cassia extract in RAW264.7 murine macrophage cell line. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2017; 20:99-106. [PMID: 28133531 PMCID: PMC5243982 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2017.8102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Inflammation is an immune response toward injuries. Although inflammation is healing response, but in some condition it will lead to chronic disease such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's and various cancer. Indonesian cassia (Cinnamomum burmannil C. Nees & T. Ness) known to contain coumarin, is widely used for alternative medicine especially as an anti-inflammatory. This study was conducted to determine the anti-inflammatory properties of coumarin and Indonesian cassia extract (ICE) in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cell line. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cytotoxic assay of coumarin and ICE against RAW264.7 cells was conducted using MTS (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium). The anti-inflammatory potential was determined using LPS-induced RAW 267.4 macrophages cells to measure inhibitory activity of compound and ISEon production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and also cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and TNF-α. RESULTS Coumarin 10 µM and ICE 10 µg/ml were nontoxic to the RAW264.7 cells. Both of coumarin and ICE were capable to reduce the PGE2, TNF-α, NO, IL-6, and IL-β level in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. Coumarin had higher activity to decrease PGE2 and TNF-α, whilst ICE had higher activity to inhibit NO, IL-6, and IL-β levels. CONCLUSION Coumarin and ICE possess anti-inflammatory properties through inhibition of PGE2 and NO along with pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ni Made Dwi Sandhiutami
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pancasila, Jl. Srenseng Sawah, Jagakarsa, Jakarta 12640, Indonesia
| | - Moordiani Moordiani
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pancasila, Jl. Srenseng Sawah, Jagakarsa, Jakarta 12640, Indonesia
| | - Dian Ratih Laksmitawati
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pancasila, Jl. Srenseng Sawah, Jagakarsa, Jakarta 12640, Indonesia
| | - Nurul Fauziah
- Bimolecular and Biomedical Research Center, Aretha Medika Utama, Jl. Babakan Jeruk 2 no 9, Bandung 40163, Indonesia
| | - Maesaroh Maesaroh
- Bimolecular and Biomedical Research Center, Aretha Medika Utama, Jl. Babakan Jeruk 2 no 9, Bandung 40163, Indonesia
| | - Wahyu Widowati
- Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Maranatha Christian University, Jl. Prof. drg. Suria Sumantri no 65 Bandung 40164, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Alfrd Mavondo GA, Tagumirwa MC. Asiatic acid-pectin hydrogel matrix patch transdermal delivery system influences parasitaemia suppression and inflammation reduction in P. berghei murine malaria infected Sprague-Dawley rats. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2016; 9:1172-1180. [PMID: 27955745 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report the influence of transdermal delivery of asiatic acid (AA) in Plasmodium berghei-infected Sprague Dawley rats on physicochemical changes, %parasitaemia and associated pathophysiology. METHODS A topical once-off AA (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg)- or chloroquine (CHQ)-pectin patch was applied on the shaven dorsal neck region of Plasmodium berghei-infected Sprague Dawley rats (90-120 g) on day 7 after infection. Eating and drinking habits, weight changes, malaria effects and %parasitaemia were compared among animal groups over 21 d. RESULTS AA-pectin patch application preserved food and water intake together with %weight gain. All animals developed stable parasitaemia (15-20%) by day 7. AA doses suppressed parasitaemia significantly. AA 5 mg/kg patch was most effective. AA and CHQ displayed bimodal time-spaced peaks. CHQ patch had a longer time course to clear parasitaemia. CONCLUSIONS AA influences bio-physicochemical changes and parasitaemia suppression in dose dependent manner. In comparison by dose administered, AA has much better efficacy than CHQ. AA may be a useful antimalarial. AA and CHQ displays bimodal peaks suggesting possible synergism if used in combination therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Greanious Alfred Alfrd Mavondo
- Discipline of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4000, South Africa; Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Science and Technology, Mpilo Hospital NUST Complex, Vera Road, P.O. AC939, Ascot, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe.
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Mavondo GA, Mkhwananzi BN, Mabandla MV, Musabayane CT. Asiatic acid influences parasitaemia reduction and ameliorates malaria anaemia in P. berghei infected Sprague-Dawley male rats. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:357. [PMID: 27618936 PMCID: PMC5020548 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1338-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current malaria treatment is either "anti-parasitic", "anti-infectivity" or both without addressing the pathophysiological derangement (anti-disease aspect) associated with the disease. Asiatic acid is a natural phytochemical with oxidant, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties whose effect on malarial and accompanying pathophysiology are yet to be investigated. Asiatic acid influence in P. berghei-infected Sprague Dawley rats on %parasitaemia and malarial anaemia were investigated. METHODS Plasmodium berghei-infected rats (90-120 g) were orally administered with Asiatic acid (5, 10, 20 mg/kg) and 30 mg/kg chloroquine as a positive control. Changes in %parasitaemia and haematological parameters in Asiatic acid administered rats were monitored in a 21 day study and compared to controls. RESULTS All animals developed stable parasitaemia (15-20 %) by day 7. Asiatic acid doses suppressed parasitaemia, normalised haematological measurements and influenced biophysical characteristics changes. Most positive changes were associated with intragastric administration of 10 mg/kg Asiatic acid dose. Peak %parasitaemia in Asiatic acid administration occurred at days 12 with a shorter time course compared to day 9 for chloroquine (30 mg/kg) treatment with a longer time course. CONCLUSIONS Oral Asiatic acid administration influenced %parasitaemia suppression, ameliorated malarial anaemia and increased biophysical properties on infected animals. Asiatic acid may be a replacement alternative for chloroquine treatment with concomitant amelioration of malaria pathophysiology. Due to different action time courses, Asiatic acid and chloroquine may be possible candidates in combination therapy.
Collapse
|
50
|
Alfred MG, Nkazimulo MB, Vuyisile MM, Tagumirwa MC. ASIATIC ACID INFLUENCES GLUCOSE HOMEOSTASIS IN P. BERGHEI MURINE MALARIA INFECTED SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES : AJTCAM 2016; 13:91-101. [PMID: 28487899 PMCID: PMC5416651 DOI: 10.21010/ajtcam.v13i5.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: Glucose homeostasis derangement is a common pathophysiology of malaria whose aetiology is still controversial. The Plasmodium parasite, immunological and inflammatory responses, as well as chemotherapeutics currently used cause hypoglycaemia in malaria. Anti-parasitic and anti-disease drugs are required to combat malaria while ameliorating the pathophysiology of the infection. Asiatic acid has anti-hyperglycaemic, antioxidant, pro-oxidant properties useful in glucose homeostasis but its influence in malaria is yet to be reported. Here we present findings on the influence of asiatic acid on glucose metabolism in vivo using P. berghei-infected Sprague Dawley rats. Materials and Methods: Acute as well as sub-chronic studies were carried out in vivo where physicochemical properties and glucose homeostasis were monitored after administration of asiatic acid (10mg/kg) in both non-infected and infected animals. Glucose metabolism associated biochemical changes in malaria were also investigated. Results: In acute studies, asiatic acid improved oral glucose response while in the sub-chronic state it maintained food and water intake and suppressed parasitaemia. Normoglycaemic control was maintained in infected animals through insulin suppression and increasing glucagon secretion, in both acute and chronic studies. Asiatic acid administration curtailed lactate concentration towards normal. Conclusion: Per oral post-infection asiatic acid administration preserved drinking and eating habits, inhibited sickness behaviour while suppressing parasitaemia. Reciprocal relationship between insulin and glucagon concentrations was maintained influencing glucose homeostasis positively and inhibition of hyperlactaemia in malaria. Abbreviations: ip -intraperitoneal, po -per oral, ig -intragastric, AA-Asciatic acid, OGTT-oral glucose tolerance test, OS-oxidative stress, ROS-reactive oxygen species, NO-nitric oxide, ONOO- - peroxynitrite, BRU-Biomedical Research Unit, SD-Sprague Dawley,
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mavondo Greanious Alfred
- Discipline of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Mkhwananzi Blessing Nkazimulo
- Discipline of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Mabandla Musa Vuyisile
- Discipline of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Musabayane Cephas Tagumirwa
- Discipline of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|