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Xie T, Wu D, Zhang J, Qiao P, Chen X, Liu D, Xiang M, Li H, Cai X, Lin Z, Yang W, Chen X, Chen H, Liu C. A new perspective: Fat tissue and adipokines in rheumatic heart valves. J Card Surg 2022; 37:4991-4998. [PMID: 36423241 DOI: 10.1111/jocs.17216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe fat tissue and the expression of adipokines in rheumatic heart valves and explore the possible role of fat tissue and adipokines in the pathology of rheumatic heart disease (RHD). METHODS In this retrospective study, a total of 29 patients who received mitral valve replacement surgery were included. The study group consisted of 25 patients with RHD while the control group consisted of 4 patients with secondary mitral insufficiency caused by coronary heart disease (CAD). The clinical data of the patients including medical history, age, body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose (FBG), total triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)], apolipoprotein(b) [apo(b)] were collected and compared. Cardiac ultrasonography was used to assess valve conditions before surgery. The removed valves were collected. The hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, oil-red O staining, and Masson's trichrome staining were adopted to evaluate the histological changes in the mitral valve. Immunohistochemical (IMC) staining was performed to evaluate the expression of adiponectin, leptin, and chemerin. RESULTS There was no significant difference in general information and blood lipid levels between the two groups (all p > .05). Preoperative ultrasonography showed adipose tissue in the mitral valve of RHD patients. In the study group, rheumatic mitral valve samples showed thickening, adherence at the junction of the leaflets, calcification, and yellowish or fat mass by naked observation. The HE staining showed that there was calcification, inflammatory cell infiltration, fibrous tissue arranged disorder, and neovascularization. The oil-red O staining suggested fatty infiltration. Masson's trichrome staining suggested disorderly arrangement of collagen fiber and elastic fiber in rheumatic lesions, and the lesions were dominated by collagen fiber hyperplasia and less elastic fiber hyperplasia. The results of IMC indicated that chemerin was not expressed in valves of the control group. Most of the valve samples from the study group also did not show leptin and the leptin was seen in only a few rheumatic mitral valves with vascular hyperplasia. Adiponectin was not found in the valves of the study group and the control group. CONCLUSION Adipose tissue in the rheumatic mitral valve could be observed by ultrasound. The fat mass and adipokines existed in rheumatic mitral valves, the adipocytokine chemerin is involved in the progression of the pathology in RHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xie
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Danna Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Ping Qiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- International College of Nusing, Hainan Vacationnal Universitiy of Science and Technology, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Debin Liu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Mei Xiang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Haitao Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Xingjiu Cai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Zhichuan Lin
- Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Wenkai Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Central People's Hosipital of Zhanjiang, Guangdong, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xinzhong Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Banait T, Wanjari A, Danade V, Banait S, Jain J. Role of High-Sensitivity C-reactive Protein (Hs-CRP) in Non-communicable Diseases: A Review. Cureus 2022; 14:e30225. [PMID: 36381804 PMCID: PMC9650935 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.30225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases like cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and cancer are very common causes of death worldwide. Therefore, the need to search for novel, affordable, and easily accessible biomarkers and risk factors for non-communicable diseases continues, which can predict the future risk of having these diseases with greater accuracy and precision. In this context, among available biomarkers, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP) is considered to be the best-suited marker. Various drug intervention trials demonstrated positive results in reducing Hs-CRP in individuals with raised levels. Numerous pharmacological and non-pharmacologic interventions in the form of lifestyle modifications, exercise, and cessation of smoking are being investigated to study their effect on reducing serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. This review article discusses the role of Hs-CRP and its isoforms in the pathogenesis of various disease conditions, factors affecting its serum concentration, its prognostic value, and its comparison with other risk factors. Further, its clinical significance in chronic inflammatory and degenerative diseases of the nervous system and other common non-communicable diseases, including recent advances in the management of various diseases, has also been discussed.
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Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by tumor-like hyperplasia and inflammation of the synovium, which causes synovial cell invasion into the bone and cartilage. In RA pathogenesis, various molecules in effector cells (i.e., immune cells and mesenchymal cells) are dysregulated by genetic and environmental factors. Consistent with the early stages of RA, these pathogenic cells cooperate and activate each other directly by cell-to-cell contact or indirectly via humoral factors. Recently, growing evidence has revealed essential role of adipokines, which are multifunctional signal transduction molecules, in the immune system. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the cross-talk between leptin, one of the most well-known and best-characterized adipokines, and osteoimmunology. Furthermore, we discuss the contribution of leptin to the pathogenesis of RA and its potential mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Tsuchiya
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keishi Fujio
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Cici D, Corrado A, Rotondo C, Colia R, Cantatore FP. Adipokines and Chronic Rheumatic Diseases: from Inflammation to Bone Involvement. Clin Rev Bone Miner Metab 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12018-021-09275-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBesides its well-known role as energy storage tissue, adipose tissue is a biologically active tissue that can also be considered as an endocrine organ, as it is able to secrete adipokines. These bioactive factors, similar in structure to cytokines, are involved in several physiological and pathological conditions, such as glucose homeostasis, angiogenesis, blood pressure regulation, control of food intake, and also inflammation and bone homeostasis via endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine mechanisms. Given their pleiotropic functions, the role of adipokines has been evaluated in chronic rheumatic osteoarticular inflammatory diseases, particularly focusing on their effects on inflammatory and immune response and on bone alterations. Indeed, these diseases are characterized by different bone complications, such as local and systemic bone loss and new bone formation. The aim of this review is to summarize the role of adipokines in rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, osteoarthritis, and osteoporosis, especially considering their role in the pathogenesis of bone complications typical of these conditions.
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Thomsen RS, Nilsen TIL, Haugeberg G, Gulati AM, Kavanaugh A, Hoff M. Adiposity and Physical Activity as Risk Factors for Developing Psoriatic Arthritis: Longitudinal Data From a Population-Based Study in Norway. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2021; 73:432-441. [PMID: 31811695 DOI: 10.1002/acr.24121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adiposity is prevalent among patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA). However, the temporal relation is unclear. The present study was undertaken to investigate whether adiposity and body fat distribution are related to the risk of developing PsA, and whether physical activity could modify the possible risk. METHODS We included 36,626 women and men from the Norwegian Nord-Trøndelag Health Study without diagnosed PsA at baseline from 1995 to 1997. Cox regression analysis was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) of incident PsA at follow-up from 2006 to 2008. RESULTS During follow-up, 185 new cases of PsA were reported. Increases of 1 SD in body mass index (BMI) (4.2 and 3.5 kg/m2 for women and men, respectively) and waist circumference (10.8 and 8.6 cm, respectively) were associated with HRs of 1.40 (95% CI 1.24, 1.58) and 1.48 (95% CI 1.31, 1.68), respectively. Compared to individuals of normal weight, obese individuals had an HR of 2.46 (95% CI 1.65, 3.68), and overweight individuals had an HR of 1.41 (95% CI 1.00, 1.99). Comparing extreme quartiles of waist circumference yielded an HR of 2.63 (95% CI 1.73, 3.99). In analyses of combined effects using a BMI of <25 kg/m2 and high physical activity as reference, a BMI of ≥25 kg/m2 was associated with HRs of 2.06 (95% CI 1.18, 3.58) and 1.53 (95% CI 0.80, 2.91) among those with low and high physical activity levels, respectively. Corresponding HRs for high waist circumference and physical activity were 2.25 (95% CI 1.40, 1.63) and 1.85 (95% CI 0.95, 3.50). CONCLUSION The results suggest that adiposity, particularly central obesity, is associated with increased risk of incident PsA. Although there was no clear modifying effect of physical activity, high levels of physical activity reduced the risk of PsA, regardless of BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth S Thomsen
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology and St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tom I L Nilsen
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology and St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Glenn Haugeberg
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway, and Hospital of Southern Norway Trust, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Agnete M Gulati
- St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Mari Hoff
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology and St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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Fatel ECS, Rosa FT, Alfieri DF, Flauzino T, Scavuzzi BM, Lozovoy MAB, Iriyoda TMV, Simão ANC, Dichi I. Beneficial effects of fish oil and cranberry juice on disease activity and inflammatory biomarkers in people with rheumatoid arthritis. Nutrition 2021; 86:111183. [PMID: 33636418 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to determine whether cranberry juice consumption would ameliorate laboratory and clinical measurements of disease activity in people with rheumatoid arthritis receiving fish oil supplementation. METHODS A prospective study was performed with 62 people with rheumatoid arthritis. We analyzed C-reactive protein modification of the Disease Activity Score-28 (DAS28-CRP) and inflammatory markers. The first group was assigned to eat their typical diet, a second group was asked to consume 3 g of fish oil ω-3 fatty acids daily, and a third group received both 3 g of fish oil n-3 fatty acids and 500 mL of reduced-calorie cranberry juice daily. RESULTS Compared with baseline values, the group receiving both fish oil and cranberry juice showed reductions in erythrocyte sedimentation rate (P = 0.033), C-reactive protein (P = 0.002), DAS28-CRP (P = 0.001), adiponectin (P = 0.021), and interleukin-6 levels (P = 0.045), whereas the fish oil group showed decreased DAS28-CRP (P = 0.0261) and adiponectin (P = 0.0239). Differences across treatments showed that the group receiving both fish oil and cranberry experienced reductions (P < 0.05) in erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein compared to the control group and the group treated with fish oil alone, and a reduction in DAS28-CRP was verified when the fish oil and cranberry group was compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS The ingestion of cranberry juice adds beneficial effects to fish oil supplementation, decreasing disease activity and inflammatory biomarkers in people with rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elis C S Fatel
- Health Science Graduate Program, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Flávia T Rosa
- Department of Nutrition, Centro Universitário Filadélfia Londrina (UNIFIL), Londrina, Brazil
| | - Daniela F Alfieri
- Health Science Graduate Program, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Tamires Flauzino
- Health Science Graduate Program, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Bruna M Scavuzzi
- Health Science Graduate Program, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Marcell A B Lozovoy
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | | | - Andréa N C Simão
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Isaias Dichi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil.
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Dos Santos AM, Misse RG, Borges IBP, Gualano B, de Souza AWS, Takayama L, Pereira RMR, Shinjo SK. Increased modifiable cardiovascular risk factors in patients with Takayasu arteritis: a multicenter cross-sectional study. Adv Rheumatol 2021; 61:1. [PMID: 33419482 DOI: 10.1186/s42358-020-00157-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modifiable cardiovascular risk factors (MCRFs), such as those related to aerobic capacity, muscle strength, physical activity, and body composition, have been poorly studied in Takayasu arteritis (TAK). Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate MCRFs and their relationships with disease status and comorbidities among patients with TAK. METHODS A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted between 2019 and 2020, in which 20 adult women with TAK were compared with 16 healthy controls matched by gender, age, and body mass index. The following parameters were analyzed: aerobic capacity by cardiopulmonary test; muscle function by timed-stands test, timed up-and-go test, and handgrip test; muscle strength by one-repetition maximum test and handgrip test; body composition by densitometry; physical activity and metabolic equivalent by IPAQ, quality of life by HAQ and SF-36; disease activity by ITAS2010 and NIH score; and presence of comorbidities. RESULTS Patients with TAK had a mean age of 41.5 (38.0-46.3) years, disease duration of 16.0 (9.5-20.0) years, and a mean BMI of 27.7±4.5 kg/m2. Three out of the 20 patients with TAK had active disease. Regarding comorbidities, 16 patients had systemic arterial hypertension, 11 had dyslipidemia, and two had type 2 diabetes mellitus, while the control group had no comorbidities. TAK had a significant reduction in aerobic capacity (absolute and relative VO2 peak), muscle strength in the lower limbs, increased visceral adipose tissue, waist-to-hip ratio, reduced walking capacity, decreased weekly metabolic equivalent, and quality of life (P< 0.05) as compared to controls. However, there were no correlations between these MCRFs parameters and disease activity. CONCLUSIONS TAK show impairment in MCRFs; therefore, strategies able to improve MCRF should be considered in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafael Giovani Misse
- Division of Rheumatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Gualano
- Division of Rheumatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Liliam Takayama
- Division of Rheumatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosa Maria R Pereira
- Division of Rheumatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Samuel Katsuyuki Shinjo
- Division of Rheumatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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Sabry MM, Dawood AF, Rashed LA, Sayed SM, Hassan S, Younes SF. Relation between resistin, PPAR-γ, obesity and atherosclerosis in male albino rats. Arch Physiol Biochem 2020; 126:389-398. [PMID: 30612469 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2018.1550094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and atherosclerosis are inflammatory states involving variable metabolic signals. The adipokine resistin is implicated in adipose tissue dysfunction and is modulated by PPARγ. In this study, resistin and PPARγ role is investigated in the development of CVS disease. Forty-eight Adult male albino rats were divided into control, obesity and atherosclerotic groups; each group is divided into two subgroups; with and without PPARγ agonist administration for 8 weeks. To assess pathological changes; lipid profile, inflammatory mediator, serum resistin level and resistin expression in adipose tissue were measured. Aorta is histopathologically evaluated. It was found that resistin expression is significantly correlated with lipid profile and inflammatory status in obesity and atherosclerotic groups, and PPARγ agonist administration significantly improves inflammatory status and dyslipidemic profile across studied groups (p < .05). Aortic wall shows histopathological evidence of atherosclerosis in obesity group which is more evident in atherosclerotic group, and milder changes upon receiving PPARγ agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha M Sabry
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amal F Dawood
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, KSA
| | - Laila A Rashed
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Seham M Sayed
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sherif Hassan
- Department of Medical Education, California University of Sciences and Medicine, School of Medicine (CalMed-SOM), Irvine, USA
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sheren F Younes
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, KSA
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Cairo, Egypt
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Role of Adiponectin in the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218265. [PMID: 33158216 PMCID: PMC7662687 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic chronic inflammatory autoimmune joint disease, characterized by progressive articular damage and joint dysfunction. One of the symptoms of this disease is persistent inflammatory infiltration of the synovial membrane, the principle site of inflammation in RA. In the affected conditions, the cells of the synovial membrane, fibroblast-like synoviocytes and macrophage-like synovial cells, produce enzymes degrading cartilage and underlining bone tissue, as well as cytokines increasing the infiltration of immune cells. In patients with RA, higher levels of adiponectin are measured in the serum and synovial fluid. Adiponectin, a secretory product that is mainly white adipose tissue, is a multifunctional protein with dual anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory properties. Several studies underline the fact that adiponectin can play an important pro-inflammatory role in the pathophysiology of RA via stimulating the secretion of inflammatory mediators. This narrative review is devoted to the presentation of recent knowledge on the role played by one of the adipokines produced by adipose tissue—adiponectin—in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Francisco V, Ruiz-Fernández C, Pino J, Mera A, González-Gay MA, Gómez R, Lago F, Mobasheri A, Gualillo O. Adipokines: Linking metabolic syndrome, the immune system, and arthritic diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 165:196-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Adipocytokines in Rheumatoid Arthritis: The Hidden Link between Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Comorbidities. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:8410182. [PMID: 30584543 PMCID: PMC6280248 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8410182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting typically synovial joints and leading to progressive articular damage, disability, and reduced quality of life. Despite better recent therapeutic strategies improving long-term outcomes, RA is associated with a high rate of comorbidities, infections, malignancies, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Remarkably, some well-known pathogenic proinflammatory mediators in RA, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), may play a pivotal role in the development of CVD. Interestingly, different preclinical and clinical studies have suggested that biologic agents commonly used to treat RA patients may be effective in improving CVD. In this context, the contribution of adipocytokines has been suggested. Adipocytokines are pleiotropic molecules, mainly released by white adipose tissue and immune cells. Adipocytokines modulate the function of different tissues and cells, and in addition to energy homeostasis and metabolism, amplify inflammation, immune response, and tissue damage. Adipocytokines may contribute to the proinflammatory state in RA patients and development of bone damage. Furthermore, they could be associated with the occurrence of CVD. In this study, we reviewed available evidence about adipocytokines in RA, because of their involvement in disease activity, associated CVD, and possible biomarkers of prognosis and treatment outcome and because of their potential as a possible new therapeutic target.
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Thomsen RS, Nilsen TIL, Haugeberg G, Bye A, Kavanaugh A, Hoff M. Effect of high-intensity interval training on cardiovascular disease risk factors and body composition in psoriatic arthritis: a randomised controlled trial. RMD Open 2018; 4:e000729. [PMID: 30402265 PMCID: PMC6203095 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2018-000729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is associated with an accumulation of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on CVD risk factors in patients with PsA. Methods We randomly assigned 61 patients with PsA (41 women and 20 men) to an intervention group performing HIIT for 11 weeks or a control group who were instructed to not change their physical exercise habits. Outcomes were assessed at 3 and 9 months with measures on maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), fat percentage and Body Mass Index (BMI). We used linear mixed models to calculate mean difference with 95% CI between the groups according to the intention-to-treat principle. Results At 3 months, the HIIT group had a 3.72 mL/kg/min (95% CI 2.38 to 5.06) higher VO2max and a 1.28 (95% CI −2.51 to −0.05) lower truncal fat percentage than controls. There was also some evidence that the HIIT group had lower total fat percentage (−0.80; 95% CI −1.71 to 0.10) and slightly lower BMI (−0.31; 95% CI −0.78 to 0.17) than the control group. At 9 months, the HIIT group had still a higher VO2max (3.08; 95% CI 1.63 to 4.53) than the control group, whereas the difference in other factors were small. Conclusion In patients with PsA, 3 months with HIIT was associated with a substantial increase in VO2max and a reduction in truncal fat percentage compared with controls. The beneficial effect on VO2max was also sustained through 9 months. Trial registration number NCT02995460.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Stoklund Thomsen
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Rheumatology, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tom Ivar Lund Nilsen
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Glenn Haugeberg
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Hospital of Southern Norway Trust, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Anja Bye
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Arthur Kavanaugh
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Mari Hoff
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Rheumatology, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Fatel ECDS, Rosa FT, Simão ANC, Dichi I. Adipokines in rheumatoid arthritis. Adv Rheumatol 2018; 58:25. [DOI: 10.1186/s42358-018-0026-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Li HM, Zhang TP, Leng RX, Li XP, Li XM, Liu HR, Ye DQ, Pan HF. Emerging role of adipokines in systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunol Res 2017; 64:820-30. [PMID: 27314594 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-016-8808-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by multisystem organ involvement and unclear pathogenesis. Several adipokines synthesized in the adipose tissue, including leptin, adiponectin, resistin, and chemerin, have been explored in autoimmune rheumatic diseases, especially SLE, and results suggest that these mediators may be implicated in the pathogenesis of SLE. However, the current results are controversial. In this review, we will briefly discuss the expression and possible pathogenic role of several important adipokines, including leptin, adiponectin, resistin, and chemerin in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Miao Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China.,Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Population Health and Major Disease Screening and Diagnosis, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Ping Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China.,Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Population Health and Major Disease Screening and Diagnosis, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Xue Leng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China.,Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Population Health and Major Disease Screening and Diagnosis, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Pei Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Mei Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Rong Liu
- Graduate School, Wannan Medical College, West of Wenchang Road, University Park, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Qing Ye
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China.,Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Population Health and Major Disease Screening and Diagnosis, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Feng Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China. .,Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Population Health and Major Disease Screening and Diagnosis, Hefei, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Gielis WP, Welsing PMJ, van Spil WE, Runhaar J, Weinans H, de Jong PA. A sex-specific association between incident radiographic osteoarthritis of hip or knee and incident peripheral arterial calcifications: 8-year prospective data from Cohort Hip and Cohort Knee (CHECK). Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2017; 25:1814-1821. [PMID: 28757188 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is sparse evidence for a relationship between cardiovascular disease (CVD) and osteoarthritis (OA). We investigated the association between incidence of arterial calcifications and incidence of radiographic knee and/or hip OA. DESIGN We used baseline and 8-year follow-up data of Cohort Hip and Cohort Knee (CHECK). Knees and hips were either Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grade 0 or 1 at baseline. Arterial calcifications were scored on hip and knee radiographs using a four-grade scale. Scores were summed for patient-level analyses. To investigate incidence, participants with arterial calcifications at baseline or missing follow-up were excluded. Incident OA was defined per joint as KL ≥ 2 or prosthesis at year eight. The association between incidenct of arterial calcifications and incident OA was studied using mixed-effects logistic regression. RESULTS Of 763 participants included, 623 (82%) were women. Mean (sd) age was 56 (5.1) years, mean (sd) body mass index (BMI) 26.2 (4.1) kg/m2. Arterial calcifications developed in 174 participants (283 joints). OA developed in 456 participants (778 joints). Sex modified the association between arterial calcification and OA. In women, incident arterial calcification around a joint was positively associated with incident OA in that joint (adjusted OR 2.51 (95% CI 1.57-4.03)). In men, no association was observed on joint-level, but at patient-level the arterial calcification sum score was negatively associated with incident OA (adjusted OR per point increase 0.70 (95% CI 0.54-0.90)) indicating a systemic effect. CONCLUSIONS We observed sex-dependent associations between incident arterial calcification and incident radiographic knee and/or hip OA, which differs between joint- and patient-level.
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Affiliation(s)
- W P Gielis
- UMC Utrecht, Department of Orthopedics, Utrecht, The Netherlands; UMC Utrecht, Department of Radiology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - P M J Welsing
- UMC Utrecht, Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - W E van Spil
- UMC Utrecht, Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - J Runhaar
- Erasmus, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of General Practice, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - H Weinans
- UMC Utrecht, Department of Orthopedics, Utrecht, The Netherlands; UMC Utrecht, Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - P A de Jong
- UMC Utrecht, Department of Radiology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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17
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Psoriasis and Cardiovascular Risk-Do Promising New Biomarkers Have Clinical Impact? Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:7279818. [PMID: 28947858 PMCID: PMC5602647 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7279818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest an increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with psoriasis (PS). Therefore, emphasis has lately been laid on the necessity for clinical evaluation of the risk of CVD in these patients. The systemic inflammatory markers C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin- (IL-) 6, which have long been used to predict future CVD in the general population, are increased manyfold in patients with PS. Lipid abnormalities characterized by elevated triglycerides, low HDL cholesterol, and higher concentrations of LDL cholesterol and its oxidized form are also prevalent in patients. There is a need for additional laboratory markers for the assessment of cardiovascular status of patients with PS. Due to frequent comorbid overweight and obesity, biologically active compounds produced by adipocytes may have an impact on monitoring the status of the cardiovascular system of patients with PS. For this purpose, two adipokines, adiponectin and leptin, have been most extensively studied. The review focuses on some inflammatory and oxidative stress aspects in patients with PS through the analysis of the impact of prominent adipokines and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) to assess their eligibility for clinical practice as markers of CVD risk in patients with PS.
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18
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Hrycek E, Banasiewicz‐Szkróbka I, Żurakowski A, Buszman P, Hrycek A. Accelerated Atherosclerosis in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and the Role of Selected Adipocytokines in This Process. Lupus 2017. [DOI: 10.5772/68016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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19
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Luo H, Liu J, Ouyang Q, Xuan C, Wang L, Li T, Liu J. The effects of oleanolic acid on atherosclerosis in different animal models. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2017; 49:349-354. [PMID: 28338883 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmx013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, three animal models, including C57BL/6J mice, low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout (LDLR-/-) mice, and rabbit that mimicked atherosclerosis, were established to investigate the inhibitory effect of oleanolic acid (OA) on atherosclerosis. In rabbit model, serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured. Carotid artery lesions were isolated for histological analysis. The red oil O and hematoxylin-eosin staining in liver were examined. The messenger ribonucleicacid (mRNA) levels of PPARγ, AdipoR1, and AdipoR2 related to lipid metabolism were determined. Compared with model group, OA and atorvastatin significantly lowered the levels of TC and LDL-C. The result of red oil O staining showed that OA and atorvastatin had similar effect on reducing the accumulation of lipid. Histological result demonstrated that OA reduced the thickness of intima. AdipoR1 was markedly increased, while AdipoR2 was remarkably decreased in OA group compared with that in the control group of the rabbit model. In LDLR-/- mouse model, lipid parameters in blood and mRNA levels of PPARγ, AdipoR1, and AdipoR2 were measured. It was found that OA exhibited similar effects as atorvastatin including reduced TG, LDL-C, and enhanced HDL-C. Notably, OA elevated the levels of AdipoR1 and PPARγ. At the same time, OA decreased TC and LDL-C in C57BL/6J mice model. Our results in three different animal models all revealed that OA retarded the development of atherosclerosis by influencing serum lipid levels, lipid accumulation in liver and intimal thickening of artery. And the underlying mechanism of OA on atherosclerosis may involve in lipid metabolism genes: PPARγ, AdipoR1, and AdipoR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqiong Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jine Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qiong Ouyang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chunxiao Xuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lanlan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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20
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Smekal A, Vaclavik J. Adipokines and cardiovascular disease: A comprehensive review. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2017; 161:31-40. [PMID: 28228651 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2017.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipokines are peptides that signal the functional status of adipose tissue to the brain and other target organs. In adipose tissue dysfunction, adipokine secretion is altered, and this can contribute to a spectrum of obesity-associated conditions including cardiovascular disease. Some adipokines have anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective effects (omentin, apelin, adiponectin). Others are pro-inflammatory with negative impact on cardiovascular function (leptin, visfatin, resistin, adipocyte fatty-acid-binding protein). In the first part, this article reviews the endocrine functions of adipose tissue in general, effects of the distribution and composition of fat tissue, and the roles of cortisol and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in the development of the inflammatory state of addipose tissue. In the second part, the known cardiovascular effects of different adipokines and their clinical potential are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ales Smekal
- Department of Internal Medicine I - Cardiology, University Hospital Olomouc and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Vaclavik
- Department of Internal Medicine I - Cardiology, University Hospital Olomouc and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic
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21
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Huang IC, Chang CC, Hsu BG, Lee CJ, Wang JH. Association of hyperleptinemia with peripheral arterial disease in hypertensive patients. Tzu Chi Med J 2017; 29:148-153. [PMID: 28974908 PMCID: PMC5615994 DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_56_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Hypertension is a risk factor for peripheral artery disease (PAD). Serum leptin plays an important role in promoting endothelial dysfunction. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the leptin level is associated with PAD in hypertensive patients. Materials and Methods: Ninety-eight hypertensive patients were enrolled in this study. Ankle-brachial index (ABI) values were measured using an automated oscillometric device. Patients with an ABI value <0.9 were considered the low ABI group. C-reactive protein (CRP) was measured using standard enzymatic automated methods. Serum levels of human leptin were determined using a commercially available enzyme immunoassay. Results: Eighteen (18.4%) hypertensive patients were included in the low ABI group. Hypertensive patients in the low ABI group had higher serum creatinine (P < 0.001), CRP (P = 0.003), and leptin (P < 0.001) levels, higher prevalence of diabetes (P = 0.036), and current smoking (P = 0.034) than patients in the normal ABI group. Univariate linear regression analyses revealed that body weight (P = 0.014), waist circumference (P = 0.010), body mass index (P = 0.002), and logarithmically transformed CRP (log-CRP, P = 0.001) were positively correlated with serum log-leptin levels in hypertensive patients. Multivariate stepwise linear regression analysis showed that log-leptin (β = 0.439, adjusted R2 change = 0.224, P < 0.001) was also an associated factor of PAD in hypertensive patients. Conclusion: A higher log-leptin value is an independent predictor of PAD in hypertensive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Ching Huang
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | | | - Bang-Gee Hsu
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.,Department of Nephrology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Jen Lee
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Hung Wang
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.,Department of Cardiology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
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22
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Cardiovascular risk assessment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: The relevance of clinical, genetic and serological markers. Autoimmun Rev 2016; 15:1013-1030. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2016.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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23
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Severity of Osteoarthritis Is Associated with Increased Arterial Stiffness. Int J Rheumatol 2016; 2016:6402963. [PMID: 27493667 PMCID: PMC4967435 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6402963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. Osteoarthritis (OA) is associated with increased cardiovascular comorbidity and mortality. Evidence is lacking about whether arterial stiffness is involved in OA. The objective of our study was to find out associations between OA, arterial stiffness, and adipokines. Design. Seventy end-stage knee and hip OA patients (age 62 ± 7 years) and 70 asymptomatic controls (age 60 ± 7 years) were investigated using the applanation tonometry to determine their parameters of arterial stiffness. Serum adiponectin, leptin, and matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP-3) levels were determined using the ELISA method. Correlation between variables was determined using Spearman's rho. Multiple regression analysis with a stepwise selection procedure was employed. Results. Radiographic OA grade was positively associated with increased carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV) (r = 0.272, p = 0.023). We found that OA grade was also associated with leptin and MMP-3 levels (rho = −0.246, p = 0.040 and rho = 0.235, p = 0.050, resp.). In addition, serum adiponectin level was positively associated with augmentation index and inversely with large artery elasticity index (rho = 0.293, p = 0.006 and rho = −0.249, p = 0.003, resp.). Conclusions. Our results suggest that OA severity is independently associated with increased arterial stiffness and is correlated with expression of adipokines. Thus, increased arterial stiffness and adipokines might play an important role in elevated cardiovascular risk in end-stage OA.
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24
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Maijer KI, Neumann E, Müller-Ladner U, Drop DACAD, Ramwadhdoebe TH, Choi IYK, Gerlag DM, de Hair MJH, Tak PP. Serum Vaspin Levels Are Associated with the Development of Clinically Manifest Arthritis in Autoantibody-Positive Individuals. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144932. [PMID: 26670468 PMCID: PMC4682927 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives We have previously shown that overweight may increase the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in autoantibody positive individuals. Adipose tissue could contribute to the development of RA by production of various bioactive peptides. Therefore, we examined levels of adipokines in serum and synovial tissue of subjects at risk of RA. Methods Fifty-one individuals positive for immunoglobulin M rheumatoid factor (IgM-RF) and/or anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA), without arthritis, were included in this prospective study. Levels of adiponectin, vaspin, resistin, leptin, chemerin and omentin were determined in baseline fasting serum samples (n = 27). Synovial tissue was obtained by arthroscopy at baseline and we examined the expression of adiponectin, resistin and visfatin by immunohistochemistry. Results The development of clinically manifest arthritis after follow-up was associated with baseline serum vaspin levels (HR1.5 (95% CI 1.1 to 2.2); p = 0.020), also after adjustment for overweight (HR1.7 (95% CI 1.1 to 2.5); p = 0.016). This association was not seen for other adipokines. Various serum adipokine levels correlated with BMI (adiponectin r = -0.538, leptin r = 0.664; chemerin r = 0.529) and systemic markers of inflammation such as CRP levels at baseline (adiponectin r = -0.449, omentin r = -0.557, leptin r = 0.635, chemerin r = 0.619, resistin r = 0.520) and ESR (leptin r = 0.512, chemerin r = 0.708), p-value<0.05. Synovial expression of adiponectin, resistin and visfatin was not associated with development of clinically manifest arthritis. Conclusions In this exploratory study, serum adipokines were associated with an increased inflammatory state in autoantibody-positive individuals at risk of developing RA. Furthermore, serum vaspin levels may assist in predicting the development of arthritis in these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen I. Maijer
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Elena Neumann
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, University of Giessen, Kerckhoff-Klinik, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Ulf Müller-Ladner
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, University of Giessen, Kerckhoff-Klinik, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Daniël A. C. A. D. Drop
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tamara H. Ramwadhdoebe
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ivy Y. K. Choi
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Daniëlle M. Gerlag
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maria J. H. de Hair
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Paul P. Tak
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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25
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Freitas Lima LC, Braga VDA, do Socorro de França Silva M, Cruz JDC, Sousa Santos SH, de Oliveira Monteiro MM, Balarini CDM. Adipokines, diabetes and atherosclerosis: an inflammatory association. Front Physiol 2015; 6:304. [PMID: 26578976 PMCID: PMC4630286 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases can be considered the most important cause of death in diabetic population and diabetes can in turn increase the risk of cardiovascular events. Inflammation process is currently recognized as responsible for the development and maintenance of diverse chronic diseases, including diabetes and atherosclerosis. Considering that adipose tissue is an important source of adipokines, which may present anti and proinflammatory effects, the aim of this review is to explore the role of the main adipokines in the pathophysiology of diabetes and atherosclerosis, highlighting the therapeutic options that could arise from the manipulation of these signaling pathways both in humans and in translational models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valdir de Andrade Braga
- Biotechnology Center, Federal University of Paraiba (Universidade Federal da Paraíba)Joao Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | - Josiane de Campos Cruz
- Biotechnology Center, Federal University of Paraiba (Universidade Federal da Paraíba)Joao Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Sérgio H. Sousa Santos
- Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil
- Health Science Post-Graduate Program, State University of Montes ClarosMontes Claros, Brazil
| | | | - Camille de Moura Balarini
- Biotechnology Center, Federal University of Paraiba (Universidade Federal da Paraíba)Joao Pessoa, Brazil
- Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba (Universidade Federal da Paraíba)Joao Pessoa, Brazil
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26
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Metabolic stress-induced joint inflammation and osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2015; 23:1955-65. [PMID: 26033164 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2015.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a heterogeneous disorder with several risk factors. Among them, obesity has a major impact on both loading and non-loading joints. Mechanical overload and activity of systemic inflammatory mediators derived from adipose tissue (adipokines, free fatty acids (FFA), reactive oxygen species (ROS)) provide clues to the increased incidence and prevalence of OA in obesity. Recently, research found greater OA prevalence and incidence in obese patients with cardiometabolic disturbances than "healthy" obese patients, which led to the description of a new OA phenotype - metabolic syndrome (MetS)-associated OA. Indeed, individual metabolic factors (diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension) may increase the risk of obesity-induced OA. This review discusses hypotheses based on pathways specific to a metabolic factor in MetS-associated OA, such as the role of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and glucose toxicity. A better understanding of these phenotypes based on risk factors will be critical for designing trials of this specific subset of OA.
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27
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Bubnov RV, Spivak MY, Lazarenko LM, Bomba A, Boyko NV. Probiotics and immunity: provisional role for personalized diets and disease prevention. EPMA J 2015. [PMID: 26221192 PMCID: PMC4517425 DOI: 10.1186/s13167-015-0036-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is great interest in the interaction between diet and immune system and concomitantly in the potential of probiotic bacteria, especially given recent advances in understanding of gut microbiota effects on health in the context of microbiome research. Following our recent study on bacterial wall elasticity as a predictive measure of phagocytic cellular reactions and related outcomes, a question was raised regarding the scope of the application of these findings in various medical conditions in the context of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM). This summarizing review of the data describes the contributions, both observed and potential, of probiotics to the gut-brain axis and various medical conditions, including immune and atopic states, metabolic and inflammatory diseases—including liver disease and diabetes mellitus—cancer, and more. It also suggests novel insights for a number of beneficial applications of probiotics and advances in development of novel probiotic-based treatments and personalized diets, as well as application of sophisticated imaging techniques and nanobiotechnologies that can be adopted in the near future by innovative medical experts, warranting further research and practical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rostyslav V Bubnov
- Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 154, Zabolotny St., Kyiv, 03680 Ukraine ; Clinical Hospital "Pheophania" of State Affairs Department, Zabolotny Str., 21, Kyiv, 03680 Ukraine
| | - Mykola Ya Spivak
- Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 154, Zabolotny St., Kyiv, 03680 Ukraine ; LCL "Diaprof", Svitlycky Str., 35, Kyiv, 04123 Ukraine
| | - Liudmyla M Lazarenko
- Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 154, Zabolotny St., Kyiv, 03680 Ukraine
| | - Alojz Bomba
- Cassovia Life Sciences, Palárikova 4, 04011 Košice, Slovak Republiс ; Institute of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, 04011 Košice, Slovak Republiс
| | - Nadiya V Boyko
- Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 154, Zabolotny St., Kyiv, 03680 Ukraine ; Cassovia Life Sciences, Palárikova 4, 04011 Košice, Slovak Republiс
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28
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Olazagasti JM, Hein M, Crowson CS, de Padilla CL, Peterson E, Baechler EC, Reed AM. Adipokine gene expression in peripheral blood of adult and juvenile dermatomyositis patients and their relation to clinical parameters and disease activity measures. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2015; 12:29. [PMID: 25918482 PMCID: PMC4410479 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-015-0075-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective Recently adipokines have been implicated in the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses in autoimmune disease. To investigate the role of adipokines in adult and pediatric patients with newly diagnosed dermatomyositis (DM), we analyzed peripheral blood and skeletal muscle gene expression of four adipokines: visfatin, leptin, adiponectin and resistin. Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected for 21 adult DM, 26 juvenile DM, 5 non-disease adult controls, and 6 non-disease pediatric controls at two time points: baseline and 6 months. Muscle biopsies from 5 adult DM patients and 5 non-disease adult controls were collected at baseline. Similarly, muscle biopsies from 7 juvenile DM patients and 5 non-disease pediatric controls were collected at baseline. The gene expression levels of leptin, adiponectin, resistin, visfatin and related inflammatory cytokines, IL-6, TNF- α, and housekeeping genes GAPDH, B2M, and ACTB were generated using a custom RT2 Profiler PCR Array. Results Visfatin gene expression levels in peripheral blood were significantly higher in newly diagnosed adult DM cases compared to non-disease controls (P = 0.004) and these levels correlated with baseline clinical parameters such as age (r = 0.34, P = 0.020), male sex (r = −0.35, P = 0.017), prednisone use (r = −0.42, P = 0.006), and DMARD use (r = 0.35, P = 0.025). No significant association was found between change in visfatin gene expression levels and change in disease activity measures. While visfatin gene expression was significantly up-regulated in muscle tissue of juvenile DM patients (P = 0.028), in adult DM patients only a trend towards significance was observed (P = 0.08). Also, muscle gene expression levels of resistin were significantly elevated in both adult and juvenile DM patients compared respectively to non-disease adult and pediatric controls. Furthermore, an association between peripheral blood resistin gene expression and DM disease activity, including global, muscle, and extra-skeletal disease activity was also observed. Conclusion Peripheral blood visfatin gene expression and muscle resistin gene expression are significantly increased in newly diagnosed adult DM patients. Further longitudinal studies should explore the possibility of using gene expression levels of adipokines such as visfatin and resistin as novel clinical diagnostic biomarkers in DM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Molly Hein
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Cynthia S Crowson
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA ; Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | | | - Erik Peterson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases, and Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Emily C Baechler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases, and Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Ann M Reed
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, 201 Trent Drive, Durham, NC 27710 USA
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Berg IJ, van der Heijde D, Dagfinrud H, Seljeflot I, Olsen IC, Kvien TK, Semb AG, Provan SA. Disease activity in ankylosing spondylitis and associations to markers of vascular pathology and traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors: a cross-sectional study. J Rheumatol 2015; 42:645-53. [PMID: 25641897 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.141018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and population controls, and to examine the associations between disease activity and CVD risk. METHODS A cross-sectional study was done of patients with AS grouped according to Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) into ASDAS-high and ASDAS-low. Markers of vascular pathology, impaired endothelial function [asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA)], and arterial stiffness [augmentation index (AIx) and pulse wave velocity (PWV)], and traditional CVD risk factors [blood pressure, lipids, body mass index (BMI), CVD risk scores] were compared between AS and controls as well as across ASDAS-high versus ASDAS-low versus controls using ANCOVA analyses. RESULTS Altogether, 151 patients with AS and 134 controls participated. Patients had elevated ADMA (µmol/l) and AIx (%) compared to controls: mean difference (95% CI): 0.05 (0.03, 0.07), p < 0.001 and 2.6 (0.8, 4.3), p = 0.01, respectively. AIx increased with higher ASDAS level, p(trend) < 0.04. There were no significant group differences of PWV. BMI was higher in ASDAS-high compared to ASDAS-low (p = 0.02). Total cholesterol was lower in AS compared to controls, and lower with higher ASDAS, p(trend) = 0.02. CVD risk scores were similar across groups except for Reynolds Risk Score, where the ASDAS-high group had a significantly higher score, compared to both ASDAS-low and controls. CONCLUSION Elevated ADMA and AIx in AS support a higher CVD risk in AS. Elevated AIx and BMI in AS with high ASDAS indicate an association between disease activity and CVD risk. Lower total cholesterol in AS may contribute to underestimation of CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inger Jorid Berg
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, and Department of Cardiology, Center for Clinical Heart Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.I.J. Berg, MD; H. Dagfinrud, PhD; I.C. Olsen, PhD; T.K. Kvien, MD, PhD; A.G. Semb, MD, PhD; S.A. Provan, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital; D. van der Heijde, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center; I. Seljeflot, PhD, Department of Cardiology, Center for Clinical Heart Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo.
| | - Désirée van der Heijde
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, and Department of Cardiology, Center for Clinical Heart Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.I.J. Berg, MD; H. Dagfinrud, PhD; I.C. Olsen, PhD; T.K. Kvien, MD, PhD; A.G. Semb, MD, PhD; S.A. Provan, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital; D. van der Heijde, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center; I. Seljeflot, PhD, Department of Cardiology, Center for Clinical Heart Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo
| | - Hanne Dagfinrud
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, and Department of Cardiology, Center for Clinical Heart Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.I.J. Berg, MD; H. Dagfinrud, PhD; I.C. Olsen, PhD; T.K. Kvien, MD, PhD; A.G. Semb, MD, PhD; S.A. Provan, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital; D. van der Heijde, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center; I. Seljeflot, PhD, Department of Cardiology, Center for Clinical Heart Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo
| | - Ingebjørg Seljeflot
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, and Department of Cardiology, Center for Clinical Heart Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.I.J. Berg, MD; H. Dagfinrud, PhD; I.C. Olsen, PhD; T.K. Kvien, MD, PhD; A.G. Semb, MD, PhD; S.A. Provan, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital; D. van der Heijde, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center; I. Seljeflot, PhD, Department of Cardiology, Center for Clinical Heart Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo
| | - Inge Christoffer Olsen
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, and Department of Cardiology, Center for Clinical Heart Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.I.J. Berg, MD; H. Dagfinrud, PhD; I.C. Olsen, PhD; T.K. Kvien, MD, PhD; A.G. Semb, MD, PhD; S.A. Provan, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital; D. van der Heijde, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center; I. Seljeflot, PhD, Department of Cardiology, Center for Clinical Heart Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo
| | - Tore K Kvien
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, and Department of Cardiology, Center for Clinical Heart Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.I.J. Berg, MD; H. Dagfinrud, PhD; I.C. Olsen, PhD; T.K. Kvien, MD, PhD; A.G. Semb, MD, PhD; S.A. Provan, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital; D. van der Heijde, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center; I. Seljeflot, PhD, Department of Cardiology, Center for Clinical Heart Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo
| | - Anne Grete Semb
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, and Department of Cardiology, Center for Clinical Heart Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.I.J. Berg, MD; H. Dagfinrud, PhD; I.C. Olsen, PhD; T.K. Kvien, MD, PhD; A.G. Semb, MD, PhD; S.A. Provan, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital; D. van der Heijde, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center; I. Seljeflot, PhD, Department of Cardiology, Center for Clinical Heart Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo
| | - Sella A Provan
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, and Department of Cardiology, Center for Clinical Heart Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.I.J. Berg, MD; H. Dagfinrud, PhD; I.C. Olsen, PhD; T.K. Kvien, MD, PhD; A.G. Semb, MD, PhD; S.A. Provan, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital; D. van der Heijde, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital and Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center; I. Seljeflot, PhD, Department of Cardiology, Center for Clinical Heart Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo
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Wang Y, Novera D, Wluka AE, Fairley J, Giles GG, O'Sullivan R, Cicuttini FM. Association Between Popliteal Artery Wall Thickness and Knee Structure in Adults Without Clinical Disease of the Knee: A Prospective Cohort Study. Arthritis Rheumatol 2015; 67:414-22. [DOI: 10.1002/art.38922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- Monash University and Alfred Hospital, MelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Diaz Novera
- Monash University and Alfred Hospital, MelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Anita E. Wluka
- Monash University and Alfred Hospital, MelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Jessica Fairley
- Monash University and Alfred Hospital, MelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Graham G. Giles
- Monash University, Alfred Hospital, and Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, and University of Melbourne, CarltonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Richard O'Sullivan
- Epworth Hospital, Richmond, Victoria, Australia, and Monash University, MelbourneVictoriaAustralia
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C-Reactive Protein: An In-Depth Look into Structure, Function, and Regulation. INTERNATIONAL SCHOLARLY RESEARCH NOTICES 2014; 2014:653045. [PMID: 27433484 PMCID: PMC4897210 DOI: 10.1155/2014/653045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the adult population worldwide, with atherosclerosis being its key pathophysiologic component. Atherosclerosis possesses a fundamental chronic inflammatory aspect, and the involvement of numerous inflammatory molecules has been studied in this scenario, particularly C-reactive protein (CRP). CRP is a plasma protein with strong phylogenetic conservation and high resistance to proteolysis, predominantly synthesized in the liver in response to proinflammatory cytokines, especially IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF. CRP may intervene in atherosclerosis by directly activating the complement system and inducing apoptosis, vascular cell activation, monocyte recruitment, lipid accumulation, and thrombosis, among other actions. Moreover, CRP can dissociate in peripheral tissue—including atheromatous plaques—from its native pentameric form into a monomeric form, which may also be synthesized de novo in extrahepatic sites. Each form exhibits distinct affinities for ligands and receptors, and exerts different effects in the progression of atherosclerosis. In view of epidemiologic evidence associating high CRP levels with cardiovascular risk—reflecting the biologic impact it bears on atherosclerosis—measurement of serum levels of high-sensitivity CRP has been proposed as a tool for assessment of cardiovascular risk.
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Meyer M, Sellam J, Fellahi S, Kotti S, Bastard JP, Meyer O, Lioté F, Simon T, Capeau J, Berenbaum F. Serum level of adiponectin is a surrogate independent biomarker of radiographic disease progression in early rheumatoid arthritis: results from the ESPOIR cohort. Arthritis Res Ther 2014; 15:R210. [PMID: 24314299 PMCID: PMC3978925 DOI: 10.1186/ar4404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Adipokines such as adiponectin, leptin, and visfatin/nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) have recently emerged as pro-inflammatory mediators involved in the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We aimed to determine whether serum adipokine levels independently predicted early radiographic disease progression in early RA. Methods In total, 791 patients were included from the prospective Etude et Suivi des POlyarthrites Indifférenciées Récentes (ESPOIR) cohort who met the American College of Rheumatology-European League Against Rheumatism criteria for RA (n = 632) or had undifferentiated arthritis (UA) (n = 159). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to assess baseline serum levels of adiponectin, leptin, and visfatin/NAMPT. In the RA group, we tested the association of serum adipokine levels and (a) baseline radiographic damage and (b) radiographic disease progression, defined as a change >0 or ≥5 in total Sharp-van der Heijde Score (∆SHS) between inclusion and 1 year (∆SHS ≥1 or rapid radiographic progression: ∆SHS ≥5), adjusting for confounders (age, sex, body-mass index, insulin resistance, C-reactive protein level, Disease Activity Score in 28 joints, Health Assessment Questionnaire score, autoantibody status, steroid use, and radiographic evidence of RA damage at inclusion). Results Adiponectin level was independently associated with baseline total SHS (adjusted β = 0.12; P = 0.006). It was also associated with ∆SHS ≥1 (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.84 (1.25 to 2.72)) involving erosive as well as narrowing disease progression (aOR = 1.73 (1.17 to 2.55) and 1.93 (1.04 to 3.57), respectively). Serum adiponectin level predicted ∆SHS ≥5 (aOR = 2.0 (1.14 to 3.52)). Serum leptin level was independently associated only with ∆SHS >0 (aOR = 1.59 (1.05 to 2.42)). Conversely, serum visfatin/NAMPT level and radiographic disease progression were unrelated. Considering the receiver-operated characteristic curves, the best adiponectin cut-offs were 4.14 μg/ml for ∆SHS ≥1 and 6.04 μg/ml for ∆SHS ≥5, with a good specificity (58% and 75% for ∆SHS ≥1 and ∆SHS ≥5, respectively) and high negative predictive values (75% and 92% for ∆SHS ≥1 or ∆SHS ≥5, respectively). Conclusion Serum adiponectin level is a simple useful biomarker associated with early radiographic disease progression in early RA, independent of RA-confounding factors and metabolic status.
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Sanches PL, de Mello MT, Elias N, Fonseca FAH, Campos RMS, Carnier J, de Piano A, Masquio DCL, Silva PL, Oyama LM, Corgosinho FC, Nascimento CMO, Tock L, D'Elia CA, Tufik S, Dâmaso AR. Hyperleptinemia: implications on the inflammatory state and vascular protection in obese adolescents submitted to an interdisciplinary therapy. Inflammation 2014; 37:35-43. [PMID: 23928876 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-013-9709-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The low-grade systemic inflammation seen in obesity may affect the actions of some adipose tissue-derived adipokines that are involved in the regulation of vascular function. We sought to verify whether hyperleptinemia may influence the inflammatory and atherogenic responses in obese adolescents undergoing interdisciplinary therapy. Thirty-four obese adolescents underwent interdisciplinary therapy for 1 year. Subjects were considered hyperleptinemic if they had baseline values of leptin above 20 ng/mL for boys and 24 ng/mL for girls. Both groups showed an improvement in body composition and a reduction in carotid intima-media thickness. However, only subjects in the non-hyperleptinemic group showed an increase in adiponectin concentration after therapy. Moreover, leptin concentration was positively correlated with adiponectin and inversely correlated with PAI-1 in this group. Hyperleptinemic state may impair the attenuation of inflammation in obese adolescents undergoing interdisciplinary therapy, particularly by impeding the increase in adiponectin concentration, which is directly involved in vascular protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila L Sanches
- Post-graduate Program of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Sveaas SH, Berg IJ, Provan SA, Semb AG, Hagen KB, Vøllestad N, Fongen C, Olsen IC, Michelsen A, Ueland T, Aukrust P, Kvien TK, Dagfinrud H. Efficacy of high intensity exercise on disease activity and cardiovascular risk in active axial spondyloarthritis: a randomized controlled pilot study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108688. [PMID: 25268365 PMCID: PMC4182541 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical therapy is recommended for the management of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) and flexibility exercises have traditionally been the main focus. Cardiovascular (CV) diseases are considered as a major health concern in axSpA and there is strong evidence that endurance and strength exercise protects against CV diseases. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of high intensity endurance and strength exercise on disease activity and CV health in patients with active axSpA. METHODS In a single blinded randomized controlled pilot study the exercise group (EG) performed 12 weeks of endurance and strength exercise while the control group (CG) received treatment as usual. The primary outcome was the Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) Disease Activity Score (ASDAS). Secondary outcomes included patient reported disease activity (Bath AS Disease Activity Index [BASDAI]), physical function (Bath AS Functional Index [BASFI]), and CV risk factors measured by arterial stiffness (Augmentation Index [Alx]) and Pulse Wave Velocity [PWV]), cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2 peak) and body composition. ANCOVA on the post intervention values with baseline values as covariates was used to assess group differences, and Mann Whitney U-test was used for outcomes with skewed residuals. RESULTS Twenty-eight patients were included and 24 (EG, n = 10, CG, n = 14) completed the study. A mean treatment effect of -0.7 (95%CI: -1.4, 0.1) was seen in ASDAS score. Treatment effects were also observed in secondary outcomes (mean group difference [95%CI]): BASDAI: -2.0 (-3.6, -0.4), BASFI: -1.4 (-2.6, -0.3), arterial stiffness (estimated median group differences [95% CI]): AIx (%): -5.3 (-11.0, -0.5), and for PVW (m/s): -0.3 (-0.7, 0.0), VO2 peak (ml/kg/min) (mean group difference [95%CI]: 3.7 (2.1, 5.2) and trunk fat (%): -1.8 (-3.0, -0.6). No adverse events occurred. CONCLUSION High intensity exercise improved disease activity and reduced CV risk factors in patients with active axSpA. These effects will be further explored in a larger trial. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01436942.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silje Halvorsen Sveaas
- National Advisory Unit on Rehabilitation in Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger Jorid Berg
- Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Anne Grete Semb
- Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kåre Birger Hagen
- National Advisory Unit on Rehabilitation in Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nina Vøllestad
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Camilla Fongen
- National Advisory Unit on Rehabilitation in Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inge C. Olsen
- Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Annika Michelsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thor Ueland
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Inflammatory Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tore K. Kvien
- Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hanne Dagfinrud
- National Advisory Unit on Rehabilitation in Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Amaya-Amaya J, Montoya-Sánchez L, Rojas-Villarraga A. Cardiovascular involvement in autoimmune diseases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:367359. [PMID: 25177690 PMCID: PMC4142566 DOI: 10.1155/2014/367359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases (AD) represent a broad spectrum of chronic conditions that may afflict specific target organs or multiple systems with a significant burden on quality of life. These conditions have common mechanisms including genetic and epigenetics factors, gender disparity, environmental triggers, pathophysiological abnormalities, and certain subphenotypes. Atherosclerosis (AT) was once considered to be a degenerative disease that was an inevitable consequence of aging. However, research in the last three decades has shown that AT is not degenerative or inevitable. It is an autoimmune-inflammatory disease associated with infectious and inflammatory factors characterized by lipoprotein metabolism alteration that leads to immune system activation with the consequent proliferation of smooth muscle cells, narrowing arteries, and atheroma formation. Both humoral and cellular immune mechanisms have been proposed to participate in the onset and progression of AT. Several risk factors, known as classic risk factors, have been described. Interestingly, the excessive cardiovascular events observed in patients with ADs are not fully explained by these factors. Several novel risk factors contribute to the development of premature vascular damage. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of how traditional and nontraditional risk factors contribute to pathogenesis of CVD in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Amaya-Amaya
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Carrera 24 No. 63C-69, 11001000 Bogotá, Colombia
- Mederi, Hospital Universitario Mayor, Calle 24 No. 29-45, 11001000 Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Laura Montoya-Sánchez
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Carrera 24 No. 63C-69, 11001000 Bogotá, Colombia
- Mederi, Hospital Universitario Mayor, Calle 24 No. 29-45, 11001000 Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Adriana Rojas-Villarraga
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Carrera 24 No. 63C-69, 11001000 Bogotá, Colombia
- Mederi, Hospital Universitario Mayor, Calle 24 No. 29-45, 11001000 Bogotá, Colombia
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Sarvottam K, Yadav RK. Obesity-related inflammation & cardiovascular disease: efficacy of a yoga-based lifestyle intervention. Indian J Med Res 2014; 139:822-34. [PMID: 25109716 PMCID: PMC4164994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global health burden and its prevalence is increasing substantially due to changing lifestyle. Chronic adiposity is associated with metabolic imbalance leading to dyslipidaemia, diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Adipose tissue acts as an endocrine organ releasing several adipocytokines, and is associated with increased levels of tissue and circulating inflammatory biomolecules causing vascular inflammation and atherogenesis. Further, inflammation is also associated independently with obesity as well as CVD. Keeping this in view, it is possible that a reduction in weight may lead to a decrease in inflammation, resulting in CVD risk reduction, and better management of patients with CVD. Lifestyle intervention has been endorsed by several health authorities in prevention and management of chronic diseases. A yoga-based lifestyle intervention appears to be a promising option in reducing the risk for CVD as well as management of patients with CVD as it is simple to follow and cost-effective with high compliance. The efficacy of such lifestyle intervention programmes is multifaceted, and is achieved via reduction in weight, obesity-related inflammation and stress, thereby culminating into risk reduction towards several chronic diseases including CVD. In this review, the association between obesity-related inflammation and CVD, and the role of yoga-based lifestyle intervention in prevention and management of CVD are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Sarvottam
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Raj Kumar Yadav
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India,Reprint requests: Dr Raj Kumar Yadav, Additional Professor, Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi 110 029, India e-mail:
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Abella V, Scotece M, Conde J, López V, Lazzaro V, Pino J, Gómez-Reino JJ, Gualillo O. Adipokines, metabolic syndrome and rheumatic diseases. J Immunol Res 2014; 2014:343746. [PMID: 24741591 PMCID: PMC3987880 DOI: 10.1155/2014/343746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of cardiometabolic disorders that result from the increasing prevalence of obesity. The major components of MetS include insulin resistance, central obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. MetS identifies the central obesity with increased risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Patients with rheumatic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and ankylosing spondylitis, have increased prevalence of CVDs. Moreover, CVD risk is increased when obesity is present in these patients. However, traditional cardiovascular risk factors do not completely explain the enhanced cardiovascular risk in this population. Thus, MetS and the altered secretion patterns of proinflammatory adipokines present in obesity could be the link between CVDs and rheumatic diseases. Furthermore, adipokines have been linked to the pathogenesis of MetS and its comorbidities through their effects on vascular function and inflammation. In the present paper, we review recent evidence of the role played by adipokines in the modulation of MetS in the general population, and in patients with rheumatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Abella
- SERGAS, Research Laboratory 9, NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Institute of Medical Research (IDIS), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain ; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Coruña (UDC), 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Morena Scotece
- SERGAS, Research Laboratory 9, NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Institute of Medical Research (IDIS), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Javier Conde
- SERGAS, Research Laboratory 9, NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Institute of Medical Research (IDIS), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Verónica López
- SERGAS, Research Laboratory 9, NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Institute of Medical Research (IDIS), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Verónica Lazzaro
- SERGAS, Research Laboratory 9, NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Institute of Medical Research (IDIS), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain ; University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Jesús Pino
- SERGAS, Division of Orthopaedics Surgery and Traumatology, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Juan J Gómez-Reino
- SERGAS, Research Laboratory 9, NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Institute of Medical Research (IDIS), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Oreste Gualillo
- SERGAS, Research Laboratory 9, NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Institute of Medical Research (IDIS), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Age impacts on the independent relationships of leptin with cardiometabolic risk and surrogate markers of enhanced early atherogenesis in black and white patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a cross-sectional study. Rheumatol Int 2014; 34:329-39. [DOI: 10.1007/s00296-013-2933-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Increased serum levels and chondrocyte expression of nesfatin-1 in patients with osteoarthritis and its relation with BMI, hsCRP, and IL-18. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:631251. [PMID: 24259949 PMCID: PMC3821943 DOI: 10.1155/2013/631251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Adipokines have been proved to relate with osteoarthritis (OA). As a recently discovered adipokine, nesfatin-1 relationship with OA has not been reported. Aim. To determine the levels of nesfatin-1 in serum and synovial fluid (SF) from patients with and without OA; to examine the correlation between nesfatin-1 levels and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), Type IIA Collagen N Propeptide (PIIANP), and IL-18 (interleukin-18) levels in serum or synovial fluid. Methods. Serum and SF were collected from knee OA patients and healthy persons, respectively. Five articular tissues were obtained during TKR for immunohistochemistry (IHC). Nesfatin-1 levels, hsCRP, PIIANP, and IL-18 in serum and SF were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results. Nesfatin-1 gene was expressed in OA-affected articular cartilage. OA serum contained significantly higher levels of nesfatin-1, as compared to serum from healthy controls (P < 0.05), and nesfatin-1 levels in OA serum exceeded those in paired SF samples (P < 0.001). Significant correlation was found between serum nesfatin-1 and hsCRP levels in OA patients (r = 0.593, P = 0.00005) and also synovial nesfatin-1 and IL-18 levels (r = 0.560, P = 0.0017). Conclusion. Nesfatin-1 is present in articular tissues and may contribute to the physiopathologic changes in OA. Nesfatin-1, accompanied with hsCRP and IL-18, could be new molecular makers to speculate OA progression.
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Dessein PH, Woodiwiss AJ, Norton GR, Tsang L, Solomon A. Independent associations of total and high molecular weight adiponectin with cardiometabolic risk and surrogate markers of enhanced early atherogenesis in black and white patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a cross-sectional study. Arthritis Res Ther 2013; 15:R128. [PMID: 24286214 PMCID: PMC3978563 DOI: 10.1186/ar4308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Whether adiponectin levels associate with atherogenesis in RA is uncertain. We examined the independent relationships of total and high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin concentrations with cardiometabolic risk and surrogate markers of enhanced early atherogenesis in black and white patients with RA. METHODS We determined total and HMW adiponectin concentrations and those of endothelial activation molecules including soluble E-selectin, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), in 210 (119 black and 91 white) RA patients. Associations were determined in potential confounder and mediator adjusted mixed regression models. RESULTS Total and HMW adiponectin concentrations related similarly to metabolic risk factors and endothelial activation. In all patients, total and HMW adiponectin concentrations associated paradoxically with high systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure (partial R = 0.155 to 0.241, P ≤ 0.03). Ethnic origin did not impact on these relationships (interaction P ≥ 0.09). Total and HMW adiponectin concentrations associated with those of glucose in white and black patients respectively (partial R = -0.304, P = 0.006 and -0.246, P = 0.01). In black but not white participants, total and HMW adiponectin concentrations also related favorably to lipid profiles (partial R = 0.292 to 0.360, P ≤ 0.003 for HDL cholesterol concentrations, -0.269 to -0.299, P ≤ 0.006 for triglyceride concentrations and -0.302 to -0.390, P ≤ 0.002 for total-HDL cholesterol ratio) and the number of metabolic risk factors (partial R = -0.210 to -0.238, P ≤ 0.03). In white but not black patients, total and HMW adiponectin concentrations associated paradoxically with overall endothelial activation as estimated by a standard z-score of endothelial activation molecule concentrations (partial R = 0.262, P = 0.01 and 0.252, P = 0.02); in the respective models, the extent of effect of total and HMW adiponectin concentrations on endothelial activation was larger in white compared to black participants (standardized β (SE) = 0.260 (0.107) versus -0.106 (0.107), P = 0.01 and 0.260 (0.120) versus -0.100 (0.111), P = 0.02). The HMW-total adiponectin ratio related inconsistently to metabolic risk factors and not to endothelial activation. CONCLUSION In this study, total and HMW adiponectin concentrations associated with increased blood pressure parameters, and in white patients additionally with endothelial activation. The potential mechanism(s) underlying these paradoxical relationships between adiponectin concentrations and cardiovascular risk in RA merit further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick H Dessein
- Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Angela J Woodiwiss
- Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Gavin R Norton
- Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Linda Tsang
- Milpark Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ahmed Solomon
- Department of Rheumatology, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Adiponectin is associated with dynamic hyperinflation and a favourable response to inhaled glucocorticoids in patients with COPD. Respir Med 2013; 108:122-8. [PMID: 24135487 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2013.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Adipokines are protein mediators first described as products of adipose tissue regulating energy metabolism and appetite. Recently, adipokines have also been found to modulate inflammation and smooth muscle cell responses. Therefore we investigated the association of two adipokines, adiponectin and leptin, with the degree of emphysema, pulmonary function, symptoms and glucocorticoid responsiveness in patients with COPD. METHODS Plasma adiponectin and leptin levels, spirometry, body plethysmography and symptoms were measured in 43 male COPD patients with smoking history ≥ 20 pack-years, post bronchodilator FEV1/FVC < 0.7 and pulmonary emphysema on HRCT. The measurements were repeated in a subgroup of patients after 4 weeks' treatment with inhaled fluticasone. RESULTS In patients with COPD, plasma adiponectin levels correlated positively with airway resistance (Raw) (r = 0.362, p = 0.019) and functional residual capacity (FRC) (r = 0.355, p = 0.046). Furthermore, the baseline adiponectin concentration correlated negatively with the fluticasone induced changes in St George's Respiratory questionnaire (SGRQ) symptom score (r = -0.413, p = 0.040) and in FRC % pred (r = -0.428, p = 0.003), i.e. a higher baseline plasma adiponectin level was associated with more pronounced alleviation of symptoms and dynamic hyperinflation. Plasma leptin levels were not related to the measures of lung function, symptoms or glucocorticoid responsiveness. CONCLUSIONS Plasma adiponectin levels were associated with peripheral airway obstruction and dynamic hyperinflation in patients with COPD. A higher adiponectin level predicted more favourable relief of symptoms and hyperinflation during glucocorticoid treatment. Adiponectin may have a role in the COPD pathogenesis; it may also be a biomarker of disease severity and treatment responses in this disease.
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Prieto-Potín I, Roman-Blas JA, Martínez-Calatrava MJ, Gómez R, Largo R, Herrero-Beaumont G. Hypercholesterolemia boosts joint destruction in chronic arthritis. An experimental model aggravated by foam macrophage infiltration. Arthritis Res Ther 2013; 15:R81. [PMID: 23941259 PMCID: PMC3978700 DOI: 10.1186/ar4261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to determine whether hypercholesterolemia increases articular damage in a rabbit model of chronic arthritis. Methods Hypercholesterolemia was induced in 18 rabbits by administrating a high-fat diet (HFD). Fifteen rabbits were fed normal chow as controls. Chronic antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) was induced in half of the HFD and control rabbits, previously immunized, by intra-articular injections of ovalbumin. After sacrifice, lipid and systemic inflammation markers were analyzed in blood serum. Synovium was analyzed by Krenn score, multinucleated cell counting, immunohistochemistry of RAM11 and CD31, and TNF-α and macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) gene expression. Active bone resorption was assessed by protein expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG) and quantification of cathepsin K, contact surface and the invasive area of pannus into bone. Results Rabbits receiving the HFD showed higher total serum cholesterol, HDL, triglycerides and CRP levels than rabbits fed a normal diet. Synovitis score was increased in HFD, and particularly in AIA and AIA + HFD groups. AIA + HFD synovium was characterized by a massive infiltration of RAM11+ cells, higher presence of multinucleated foam cells and bigger vascularization than AIA. Cathepsin K+ osteoclasts and the contact surface of bone resorbing pannus were also increased in rabbits with AIA + HFD compared with AIA alone. Synovial TNF-α and MCP-1 gene expression was increased in AIA and HFD rabbits compared with healthy animals. RANKL protein expression in AIA and AIA + HFD groups was higher compared with either HFD or normal groups. Conclusions This experimental model demonstrates that hypercholesterolemia increments joint tissue damage in chronic arthritis, with foam macrophages being key players in this process.
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Yeoh N, Burton JP, Suppiah P, Reid G, Stebbings S. The role of the microbiome in rheumatic diseases. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2013; 15:314. [PMID: 23378145 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-012-0314-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing understanding of the mechanisms by which the influence of the microbiota projects beyond sites of primary mucosal occupation to other human body systems. Bacteria present in the intestinal tract exert a profound effect on the host immune system, both locally and at distant sites. The oral cavity has its own characteristic microbiota, which concentrates in periodontal tissues and is in close association with a permeable epithelium. In this review we examine evidence which supports a role for the microbiome in the aetiology of rheumatic disease. We also discuss how changes in the composition of the microbiota, particularly within the gastrointestinal tract, may be affected by genetics, diet, and use of antimicrobial agents. Evidence is presented to support the theory that an altered microbiota is a factor in the initiation and perpetuation of inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), spondyloarthritis (SpA), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Mechanisms through which the microbiota may be involved in the pathogenesis of these diseases include altered epithelial and mucosal permeability, loss of immune tolerance to components of the indigenous microbiota, and trafficking of both activated immune cells and antigenic material to the joints. The potential to manipulate the microbiome, by application of probiotics and faecal microbial transplant (FMT), is now being investigated. Both approaches are in their infancy with regard to management of rheumatic disease but their potential is worthy of consideration, given the need for novel therapeutic approaches, and the emerging recognition of the importance of microbial interactions with human hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel Yeoh
- Department of Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Visfatin/Nampt: an adipokine with cardiovascular impact. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:946427. [PMID: 23843684 PMCID: PMC3697395 DOI: 10.1155/2013/946427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is acknowledged as an endocrine organ that releases bioactive factors termed adipokines. Visfatin was initially identified as a novel adipokine with insulin-mimetic properties in mice. This adipokine was identical to two previously described molecules, namely, pre-B cell colony-enhancing factor (PBEF) and the enzyme nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt). Enhanced circulating visfatin/Nampt levels have been reported in metabolic diseases, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Moreover, visfatin/Nampt circulating levels correlate with markers of systemic inflammation. In cardiovascular diseases, visfatin/Nampt was initially proposed as a clinical marker of atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction, and vascular damage, with a potential prognostic value. Nevertheless, beyond being a surrogate clinical marker, visfatin/Nampt is an active player promoting vascular inflammation, and atherosclerosis. Visfatin/Nampt effects on cytokine and chemokine secretion, macrophage survival, leukocyte recruitment by endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle inflammation and plaque destabilization make of this adipokine an active factor in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Further research is required to fully understand the mechanisms mediating the cellular actions of this adipokine and to better characterize the factors regulating visfatin/Nampt expression and release in all these pathologic scenarios. Only then, we will be able to conclude whether visfatin/Nampt is a therapeutical target in cardiometabolic diseases.
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Somerset S, Graham L, Markwell K. Isoenergetic replacement of dietary saturated with monounsaturated fat via macadamia nuts enhances endothelial function in overweight subjects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnme.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Rheumatoid arthritis impacts on the independent relationships between circulating adiponectin concentrations and cardiovascular metabolic risk. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:461849. [PMID: 23690663 PMCID: PMC3649499 DOI: 10.1155/2013/461849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin and leptin are likely involved in the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and therefore potential new therapeutic targets. Adiponectin inhibition could be expected to enhance cardiovascular metabolic risk. However, it is unknown whether RA changes the influence of adipokines on cardiovascular metabolic risk. We determined whether RA impacts on the independent relationships of circulating leptin and adiponectin concentrations with cardiovascular risk factors and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) in 277 black African subjects from a developing population; 119 had RA. RA impacted on the relationships of adiponectin concentrations with lipid concentrations and blood pressure, independent of confounders including adiposity (interaction P < 0.05). This translated into an association of adiponectin concentrations with more favorable lipid variables including HDL cholesterol (P = 0.0005), non-HDL cholesterol (P = 0.007), and triglyceride (P = 0.005) concentrations, total cholesterol-HDL cholesterol (P = 0.0002) and triglycerides-HDL cholesterol (P = 0.0003) ratios, and higher systolic (P = 0.0006), diastolic (P = 0.0004), and mean blood pressure (P = 0.0007) in RA but not non-RA subjects. Leptin was not associated with metabolic risk after adjustment for adiposity. The cIMT did not differ by RA status, and adipokine concentrations were unrelated to atherosclerosis. This study suggests that leptin and adiponectin inhibition may not alter overall cardiovascular risk and disease in RA.
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Głowińska-Olszewska B, Bossowski A, Dobreńko E, Hryniewicz A, Konstantynowicz J, Milewski R, Łuczyński W, Piotrowska-Jastrzębska J, Kowal-Bielecka O. Subclinical cardiovascular system changes in obese patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:436702. [PMID: 23554546 PMCID: PMC3608356 DOI: 10.1155/2013/436702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine the prevalence of excess body mass in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) children and to investigate the influence of obesity into the early, subclinical changes in cardiovascular system in these patients. METHODS Fifty-eight JIA patients, aged median 13 years, were compared to 36 healthy controls. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors and inflammatory markers (hsCRP, IL-6, TNF α, adiponectin) were studied together with IMT (intima-media thickness), FMD (flow mediated dilation), and LVMi (left ventricle mass index) as surrogate markers of subclinical atherosclerosis. RESULTS Thirteen JIA children (22%) were obese and had increased systolic blood pressure, cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin, HOMA, hsCRP, and IL-6 compared to nonobese JIA and controls. FMD was decreased compared to nonobese JIA and controls, whereas IMT and LVMi were increased. In multivariate regression analysis, TNF α, SDS-BMI, and systolic blood pressure were independent predictors of early CV changes in JIA. CONCLUSIONS Coincident obesity is common in JIA children and is associated with insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and increased levels of inflammatory markers leading to early changes in cardiovascular system. Thus, medical care of children with JIA should include strategies preventing cardiovascular disease by maintenance of adequate body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Głowińska-Olszewska
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology with Cardiology Division, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 17 Street, 15-274 Białystok, Poland.
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Metabolic syndrome in rheumatoid arthritis. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:710928. [PMID: 23431244 PMCID: PMC3572644 DOI: 10.1155/2013/710928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance is an essential feature of the metabolic syndrome that has been linked to rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Understanding how inflammation arising in one tissue affects the physiology and pathology of other organs remains an unanswered question with therapeutic implications for chronic conditions including obesity, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, and RA. Adipokines may play a role in the development of atherogenesis in patients with RA. Biologic therapies, such as TNF-α antagonists, that block proinflammatory cytokines have beneficial effects on the insulin resistance that is often observed in patients with RA.
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