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Hernandez-Mixteco M, Bernal-Morales B, Valenzuela OL, Rodríguez-Landa JF, Cerna-Cortes JF, García-Montalvo EA. Effect of Cucurbita ficifolia Bouché on glutathione level and glycosylated hemoglobin percentage in a Mexican rural population with type 2 diabetes. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 326:117924. [PMID: 38369067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE Cucurbita ficifolia Bouché fruit is widely used in Mexican traditional medicine to treat type 2 diabetes (T2D) because it has been attributed with antioxidant and hypoglycemic properties in different experimental models and T2D patients. An imbalance in physiological glutathione (GSH) concentrations increases the susceptibility to developing complications associated with oxidative stress in T2D patients. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the effect of C. ficifolia on the antioxidant properties of GSH, general health measurements, and biochemical parameters in a Mexican rural population, and to evaluate the changes in socio-affective scores of patients due to improvement in T2D. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-seven women diagnosed with T2D with poor glycemic control volunteered and were divided into two groups: C. ficifolia (0.5 g/kg of fresh pulp weight) with hypoglycemic pharmacotherapy, and another group with only hypoglycemic pharmacotherapy, for 12 weeks. We evaluated the effect of the fresh pulp of C. ficifolia on body mass index, blood pressure, glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, cholesterol, triglycerides, and GSH. Expanding the study, we evaluated the quality of life, anxiety, and depression scores before and after the intervention. RESULTS Treatment with the fresh pulp of C. ficifolia for 12 weeks reduced glycosylated hemoglobin, similar to the hypoglycemic pharmacotherapy group, and significantly increased GSH concentrations. The patients' moods did not change despite increased GSH concentrations and improved T2D control. CONCLUSIONS The increased GSH concentrations due to the consumption of fresh pulp of C. ficifolia could help to protect against oxidative stress and extend therapeutic benefits in addition to the usual hypoglycemic drugs in patients with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Hernandez-Mixteco
- Programa de Doctorado en Neuroetología, Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.
| | - Blandina Bernal-Morales
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.
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Sharif A, Mamo J, Lam V, Al-Salami H, Mooranian A, Watts GF, Clarnette R, Luna G, Takechi R. The therapeutic potential of probucol and probucol analogues in neurodegenerative diseases. Transl Neurodegener 2024; 13:6. [PMID: 38247000 PMCID: PMC10802046 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-024-00398-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders present complex pathologies characterized by various interconnected factors, including the aggregation of misfolded proteins, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and compromised blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity. Addressing such multifaceted pathways necessitates the development of multi-target therapeutic strategies. Emerging research indicates that probucol, a historic lipid-lowering medication, offers substantial potential in the realm of neurodegenerative disease prevention and treatment. Preclinical investigations have unveiled multifaceted cellular effects of probucol, showcasing its remarkable antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, its ability to fortify the BBB and its direct influence on neural preservation and adaptability. These diverse effects collectively translate into enhancements in both motor and cognitive functions. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent findings highlighting the efficacy of probucol and probucol-related compounds in the context of various neurodegenerative conditions, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and cognitive impairment associated with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arazu Sharif
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Curtin Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - John Mamo
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Research, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Virginie Lam
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Hani Al-Salami
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Curtin Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Armin Mooranian
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Curtin Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Gerald F Watts
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Roger Clarnette
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Giuseppe Luna
- Curtin Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Ryu Takechi
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.
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3
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Ebrahimi M, Thompson P, Lauer AK, Sivaprasad S, Perry G. The retina-brain axis and diabetic retinopathy. Eur J Ophthalmol 2023; 33:2079-2095. [PMID: 37259525 DOI: 10.1177/11206721231172229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major contributor to permanent vision loss and blindness. Changes in retinal neurons, glia, and microvasculature have been the focus of intensive study in the quest to better understand DR. However, the impact of diabetes on the rest of the visual system has received less attention. There are reports of associations of changes in the visual system with preclinical and clinical manifestations of diabetes. Simultaneous investigation of the retina and the brain may shed light on the mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration in diabetics. Additionally, investigating the links between DR and other neurodegenerative disorders of the brain including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease may reveal shared mechanisms for neurodegeneration and potential therapy options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moein Ebrahimi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy, and Autoimmunity, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Paul Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andreas K Lauer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Sobha Sivaprasad
- National Institute of Health and Care Research Moorfields Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
| | - George Perry
- Department of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, University of Texas and San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Liu Y, Lin M, Mu X, Qin L, Deng J, Liu Y, Wu X, He W, Pang H, Han F, Sun C, Nie X. Protective effect of solanesol in glucose-induced hepatocyte injury: Mechanistic insights on oxidative stress and mitochondrial preservation. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 383:110676. [PMID: 37586544 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Solanesol is a tetra sesquiterpene enol with various biological activities. Modern medical studies have confirmed that solanesol has the function of lipid antioxidation and scavenges free radicals. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of solanesol against oxidative damage induced by high glucose on human normal hepatocytes (L-02 cells) and its possible mechanism. The results showed that solanesol could effectively improve the decrease of cell viability induced by high glucose, decrease the contents of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the extracellular medium, increased the enzyme activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), balanced the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells, inhibited lipid peroxidation of all kinds of biological membranes, and restored mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). In addition, Solanesol also inhibited the expression of Keap1, promoted the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 by hydrogen bonding with Nrf2, and activated the expression of downstream antioxidant factors NQO1 and HO-1. Altogether, these findings suggest that solanesol may be a potential protectant against diabetic liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiu Liu
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563006, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563006, China
| | - Musen Lin
- Zunyi Tobacco Monopoly Bureau, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Xingrui Mu
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563006, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563006, China
| | - Lin Qin
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563006, China
| | - Junyu Deng
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563006, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563006, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563006, China; College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563006, China
| | - Xingqian Wu
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563006, China; College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563006, China
| | - Wenjie He
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563006, China; College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563006, China
| | - Huiwen Pang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Felicity Han
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Chengxin Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563006, China
| | - Xuqiang Nie
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563006, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563006, China; College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563006, China; Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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Veselov IM, Vinogradova DV, Maltsev AV, Shevtsov PN, Spirkova EA, Bachurin SO, Shevtsova EF. Mitochondria and Oxidative Stress as a Link between Alzheimer's Disease and Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14450. [PMID: 37833898 PMCID: PMC10572926 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This review is devoted to the problems of the common features linking metabolic disorders and type 2 diabetes with the development of Alzheimer's disease. The pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease closely intersects with the mechanisms of type 2 diabetes development, and an important risk factor for both pathologies is aging. Common pathological mechanisms include both factors in the development of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, insulin resistance, and amyloidosis, as well as impaired mitochondrial dysfunctions and increasing cell death. The currently available drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer's disease have limited therapeutic efficacy. It is important to note that drugs used to treat Alzheimer's disease, in particular acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, show a positive therapeutic potential in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, while drugs used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes can also prevent a number of pathologies characteristic for Alzheimer's disease. A promising direction in the search for a strategy for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer's disease may be the creation of complex multi-target drugs that have neuroprotective potential and affect specific common targets for type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Elena F. Shevtsova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (IPAC RAS), Chernogolovka 142432, Russia; (I.M.V.); (A.V.M.); (P.N.S.); (E.A.S.); (S.O.B.)
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Baciu AM, Opris RV, Filip GA, Florea A. Effects of Phytochemicals from Fermented Food Sources in Alzheimer's Disease In Vivo Experimental Models: A Systematic Review. Foods 2023; 12:2102. [PMID: 37297345 PMCID: PMC10252349 DOI: 10.3390/foods12112102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The socioeconomic burden of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) stems from its characteristic multifactorial etiology and, implicitly, the difficulties associated with its treatment. With the increase in life expectancy and health awareness, nutraceuticals and functional foods are filling in the gaps left by the limitation of classical medical treatment in chronic conditions associated with lifestyle factors, such as neurological disorders. Processes, such as fermentation that enhance food phytochemical content are garnering increased attention due to their functional and health-related properties. This systematic review aims to provide an overview of the evidence of phytochemicals from fermented food sources inducing therapeutic outcomes and cognitive benefits from in vivo experimental models of Alzheimer's Disease. The present systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Searches were performed in the following databases: MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Science Citation Index Expanded (Web of Science) by two independent reviewers. Titles and abstracts yielded by the search were screened for eligibility against the inclusion criteria. The search strategy yielded 1899 titles, encompassing studies from 1948 to 2022. After the removal of duplicates, and screening of titles, abstracts, and full texts, thirty three studies obtained from the original search strategy and seven studies from references satisfied the inclusion criteria and were included in the present systematic review. Several studies have emphasized the potential of fermentation to yield small-molecule phytochemicals that are not present in raw products. When these phytochemicals are combined, their collective strength has demonstrated the ability to exceed the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective benefits of individual phytochemicals when given in their pure form. Among the various fermented foods that have been studied, soy isoflavones obtained through fermentation have shown the most substantial evidence of altering phytochemical content and improving outcomes in animal models of AD. While promising in initial results, other fermented foods and traditional medicines require more detailed research in order to establish their effectiveness and proper utilization. As is, many of the experimental designs lacked phytochemical analysis of the used fermented product or comparison with the non-fermented counterpart. This, coupled with proper reporting in animal studies, will significantly raise the quality of performed studies as well as the weight of obtained results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Mihaela Baciu
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine & Pharmacy, 6 Louis Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.M.B.); (A.F.)
- Department of Microbiology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine & Pharmacy, 6 Louis Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Razvan Vlad Opris
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine & Pharmacy, 6 Louis Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.M.B.); (A.F.)
- Department of Microbiology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine & Pharmacy, 6 Louis Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gabriela Adriana Filip
- Department of Physiology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine & Pharmacy, 1-3 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Adrian Florea
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine & Pharmacy, 6 Louis Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.M.B.); (A.F.)
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7
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Karami F, Jamaati H, Coleman-Fuller N, Zeini MS, Hayes AW, Gholami M, Salehirad M, Darabi M, Motaghinejad M. Is metformin neuroprotective against diabetes mellitus-induced neurodegeneration? An updated graphical review of molecular basis. Pharmacol Rep 2023; 75:511-543. [PMID: 37093496 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-023-00469-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease that activates several molecular pathways involved in neurodegenerative disorders. Metformin, an anti-hyperglycemic drug used for treating DM, has the potential to exert a significant neuroprotective role against the detrimental effects of DM. This review discusses recent clinical and laboratory studies investigating the neuroprotective properties of metformin against DM-induced neurodegeneration and the roles of various molecular pathways, including mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and its related cascades. A literature search was conducted from January 2000 to December 2022 using multiple databases including Web of Science, Wiley, Springer, PubMed, Elsevier Science Direct, Google Scholar, the Core Collection, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library to collect and evaluate peer-reviewed literature regarding the neuroprotective role of metformin against DM-induced neurodegenerative events. The literature search supports the conclusion that metformin is neuroprotective against DM-induced neuronal cell degeneration in both peripheral and central nervous systems, and this effect is likely mediated via modulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell death pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Karami
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Jamaati
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Natalie Coleman-Fuller
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Maryam Shokrian Zeini
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Wallace Hayes
- University of South Florida College of Public Health and Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
| | - Mina Gholami
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Salehirad
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Darabi
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Motaghinejad
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Li H, Ren J, Li Y, Wu Q, Wei J. Oxidative stress: The nexus of obesity and cognitive dysfunction in diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1134025. [PMID: 37077347 PMCID: PMC10107409 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1134025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has been associated with oxidative stress. Obese patients are at increased risk for diabetic cognitive dysfunction, indicating a pathological link between obesity, oxidative stress, and diabetic cognitive dysfunction. Obesity can induce the biological process of oxidative stress by disrupting the adipose microenvironment (adipocytes, macrophages), mediating low-grade chronic inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction (mitochondrial division, fusion). Furthermore, oxidative stress can be implicated in insulin resistance, inflammation in neural tissues, and lipid metabolism disorders, affecting cognitive dysfunction in diabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Li
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Ren
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yusi Li
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junping Wei
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Junping Wei,
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Naz S, Imran I, Farooq MA, Shah SAH, Ajmal I, Zahra Z, Aslam A, Sarwar MI, Shah J, Aleem A. Hyperglycemia-associated Alzheimer's-like symptoms and other behavioral effects attenuated by Plumeria obtusa L. Extract in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1077570. [PMID: 36588726 PMCID: PMC9800837 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1077570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic complaint with numerous short- and long-term complications that harm a person's physical and psychological health. Plumeria obtusa L. is a traditional medicine used in the treatment of diabetes to reduce complications related to behavior. Plumeria is a genus with antipsychotic activities. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of a methanolic extract of Plumeria obtusa L. in the attenuation of diabetes, on symptoms of Alzheimer disease, and on other associated behavioral aspects. A single dose of alloxan was administered to an experimental group of rats to induce development of diabetes (150 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) and the rats were then administered selected doses of methanolic extract of Plumeria obtusa L. (Po.Cr) or glibenclamide (0.6 mg/kg) for 45 consecutive days. Behavioral effects were evaluated using three validated assays of anxiety-related behavior: the open field test, the light and dark test, and the elevated plus maze. Anti-depressant effects of Plumeria obtusa L. were evaluated using the forced swim test (FST) and memory and learning were assessed using the Morris water maze (MWM) task. Po.Cr was also evaluated for phytochemicals using total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and high-performance liquid chromatography assays, and antioxidant capability was assessed through assays of DPPH radical scavenging, total oxidation capacity, and total reducing capacity. In the alloxan-induced model of diabetes, the administration of Po.Cr and glibenclamide for 45 days produced a marked decrease (p < 0.001) in hyperglycemia compared to control animals. Po.Cr treatment also resulted in improvement in indicators, such as body weight and lipid profile (p < 0.05), as well as restoration of normal levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) (p < 0.001), a biomarker of liver function. Diabetic rats presented more Alzheimer-like symptoms, with greater impairment of memory and learning, and increased anxiety and depression compared to non-diabetic normal rats, whereas treated diabetic rats showed significant improvements in memory and behavioral outcomes. These results demonstrate that Po.Cr reversed alloxan-induced hyperglycemia and ameliorated Alzheimer-related behavioral changes, which supports additional study and assessment of conventional use of the plant to treat diabetes and associated behavioral complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeera Naz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Imran Imran
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asad Farooq
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Muhammad Asad Farooq, ; Jaffer Shah, ; Ambreen Aleem, ,
| | - Syed Adil Hussain Shah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Ajmal
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zartash Zahra
- Gujrat Institute of Management Sciences, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Gujrat Campus, Gujrat, India
| | - Aqsa Aslam
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irfan Sarwar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Jaffer Shah
- Department of Health, New York, NY, United States,*Correspondence: Muhammad Asad Farooq, ; Jaffer Shah, ; Ambreen Aleem, ,
| | - Ambreen Aleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan,*Correspondence: Muhammad Asad Farooq, ; Jaffer Shah, ; Ambreen Aleem, ,
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Allicin Alleviates Diabetes Mellitus by Inhibiting the Formation of Advanced Glycation End Products. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248793. [PMID: 36557926 PMCID: PMC9787121 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) cause damage to pancreatic β-cells and trigger oxidative stress and inflammation, which promotes the development and progression of diabetes and its complications. Therefore, it is important to inhibit the formation of AGEs as part of the treatment of diabetes. Allicin is a natural antimicrobial agent with abundant pharmacological activities, and recent studies have reported its therapeutic effects in diabetes; however, the mechanism of these therapeutic effects is still unclear. Thus, the purpose of this study was to further investigate the association between allicin treatment of diabetes and AGEs. First, we established a streptozocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat model and treated the rats with allicin for six weeks. We measured glycolipid metabolism, AGE levels, receptor of advanced glycation end products (RAGE) levels, oxidative stress, and other related indicators. The results showed that allicin improved blood glucose and body weight, reduced lipid accumulation, and inhibited AGE formation in rats. Treatment with allicin also inhibited RAGEs and thereby prevented AGE activity, which, in turn, alleviated oxidative stress and promoted insulin secretion. To further verify the effect of allicin on AGEs, we also performed in vitro nonenzymatic glycation simulation experiments. These results showed that allicin inhibited the production of AGEs by suppressing the production of AGEs intermediates. Thus, our research suggests that allicin may alleviate diabetes by inhibiting the formation of AGEs and reducing RAGE levels to relieve oxidative stress and promote insulin secretion.
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Kumar V, Kim SH, Bishayee K. Dysfunctional Glucose Metabolism in Alzheimer’s Disease Onset and Potential Pharmacological Interventions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179540. [PMID: 36076944 PMCID: PMC9455726 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common age-related dementia. The alteration in metabolic characteristics determines the prognosis. Patients at risk show reduced glucose uptake in the brain. Additionally, type 2 diabetes mellitus increases the risk of AD with increasing age. Therefore, changes in glucose uptake in the cerebral cortex may predict the histopathological diagnosis of AD. The shifts in glucose uptake and metabolism, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and abnormal autophagy advance the pathogenesis of AD syndrome. Here, we summarize the role of altered glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetes for AD prognosis. Additionally, we discuss diagnosis and potential pharmacological interventions for glucose metabolism defects in AD to encourage the development of novel therapeutic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - So-Hyeon Kim
- Biomedical Science Core-Facility, Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
| | - Kausik Bishayee
- Biomedical Science Core-Facility, Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
- Correspondence: or
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12
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Meng X, Chen CL, Sun JY, Jing L, Zuo LL, Wu LJ. Alleviation of oxidative stress in pancreatic tissue of hyperglycemic mice by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SCS4. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14256. [PMID: 35642105 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SCS4 in alleviating oxidative stress in the pancreatic tissue of hyperglycemic mice. A total of 90 six-week-old specific pathogen-free male Kunming mice were randomly divided into six groups [normal group (NG), blank control group (MG), phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) control group (CG), SCS4 first control group (DT1), SCS4 second control group (DT2), and SCS4 third control group (DT3)]. Except the NG group, in the other five groups, streptozotocin (STZ) was intraperitoneally injected for five consecutive days to establish a hyperglycemia model; the concentration of STZ was 50 mg/kg (bw). After successful modeling, DT1, DT2, and DT3 mice were administered 0.2 ml of L. plantarum SCS4 bacterial solution (1010 colony forming unit/ml), the cellular content of L. plantarum SCS4, and the inactivated cellular content of L. plantarum SCS4, respectively. Furthermore, 0.2 ml of PBS was given to mice in the CG group for control. The levels of insulin (INS), reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the morphology of the pancreas was observed. The results showed that after 10 weeks of gavage treatment, the level of INS in the DT3 group significantly increased to 6.36 mIU/L compared with that in the MG group (p < .05). Meanwhile, the levels of ROS and MDA of DT3 returned to normal levels of 291.07 IU/ml and 4.29 mnol/L, respectively. The activities of various antioxidant enzymes increased. The levels of SOD, CAT, and GPx in DT3 were the closest to the levels in NG. In addition, the pathological sections showed that the degree of pancreatic tissue lesions was relatively more severe in the MG group than in the NG group. The degree of pancreatic tissue lesions was relatively less severe in the DT2 group than in the MG group, and no significant lesion was seen in the DT3 group. Our results indicated that the inactivated bacterial content of L. planetarium SCS4 was more effective in improving oxidative stress in the pancreas of hyperglycemic mice. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: L. plantarum SCS4 was separated from fermented sausage in Sichuan. This study indicated that inactivated bacterial content of L. planetarium SCS4 was more effective in improving oxidative stress in the pancreas of hyperglycemic mice. The results suggested that lactic acid bacteria from traditional foods with ability of improving oxidative damage, which can be applied in food nutrition and related fields to make people with good dietary habits and prevent the occurrence of chronic diseases such as type II diabetes effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Meng
- Institute of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chun-Lin Chen
- Institute of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia-Yi Sun
- Innovative institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Jing
- Institute of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei-Lei Zuo
- Institute of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Li-Juan Wu
- Institute of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Ameliorating Effect of Malva neglecta Wallr on Obesity and Diabetes in Wistar Rats: A Mechanistic Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:2614599. [PMID: 35757485 PMCID: PMC9225868 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2614599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A high caloric food causes deposition of fats that may progress to obesity. Obesity is a risk factor for various metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, including but limited to diabetes mellitus. This study is aimed at determining the ameliorating effect of Malva Neglecta wallr aqueous-methanolic extract (MNME) on obesity and diabetes in Wistar rats. The MNME was chemically characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The plant extract was evaluated by in vitro α-amylase inhibition and DPPH scavenging activities. Obesity was induced by administering high sugar and fat diet (HSFD) to rats for six weeks, followed by intraperitoneal injection of alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg) to induce diabetes. Oral treatments with MNME 250, 500, and 750 mg/kg/day were given to diabetic obese rats for 14 days. The HPLC analysis showed the presence of phenolic acids and flavonoids. The plant extract showed significant antioxidant (P < 0.001) and alpha-amylase (P < 0.0001) inhibition activities. The administration of MNME displayed a considerable decrease in fasting blood glucose, body weight, liver function tests, urea, cholesterol, leptin, and insulin levels in diabetic obese rats as compared to the disease control group and maximum effect were observed at 750 mg/kg/day of MNME. The MNME significantly increased (P < 0.05 − 0.001) the levels of GSH, SOD, and CAT in the liver, kidney, and pancreas while notably (P < 0.05 − 0.001) reduced the malondialdehyde level in kidney and pancreas of diabetic obese rats in contrast to disease control rats. This experimental study concludes that the MNME had exhibited antiobesity and antidiabetic activities through reduction of oxidative stress, leptin, α-amylase activity, and insulin resistance due to the presence of phenolic acid and flavonoid compounds.
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14
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Farhadi A, Totonchi M, Nabavi SM, Baharvand H, Pakdaman H, Hajizadeh-Saffar E, Mousavi SA, Hadi F, Al-Sinawi H, Li Q, Zhang JS, Tahamtani Y, Shahpasand K. P38 Initiates Degeneration of midbrain GABAergic and Glutamatergic Neurons in Diabetes Models. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 56:3755-3778. [PMID: 35513862 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus may cause tau protein hyperphosphorylation and neurodegeneration, but the exact mechanism by which diabetic conditions induce tau pathology remains unclear. Tau protein hyperphosphorylation is considered a major pathological hallmark of neurodegeneration and can be triggered by diabetes. Various tau-directed kinases, including P38, can be activated upon diabetic stress and induce tau hyperphosphorylation. Despite extensive research efforts the exact tau specie(s) and kinases driving neurodegeneration in diabetes mellitus have not been clearly elucidated. We herein employed different techniques to determine the exact molecular mechanism of tau pathology triggered by diabetes in in vivo and in vitro models. We showed that diabetes-related stresses and glucose metabolism deficiency could induce cis P-tau (an early driver of the tau pathology) accumulation in the midbrain and corpus callosum of the diabetic mice models and cells treated with 2-deoxy-D-glucose, respectively. We found that the active phosphorylated level of P38 was increased in the treated cells and diabetic mice models. We observed that oxidative stress activated P38, which directly and indirectly drove tau pathology in the GABAergic and Glutamatergic neurons of the midbrain of the diabetic mice after 96 hours, which accumulated in the other neighboring brain areas after two months. Notably, P38 inhibition suppressed tau pathogenicity and risk-taking behaviors in the animal models after 96 hours. The data establish P38 as a central mediator of diabetes mellitus induced tau pathology. Our findings provide mechanistic insight into the consequences of this metabolic disorder on the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisan Farhadi
- Department of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Totonchi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Masood Nabavi
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Pakdaman
- Brain Mapping Research Center, Department of Neurology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ensiyeh Hajizadeh-Saffar
- Department of Regenerative medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ahmad Mousavi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Hadi
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Al-Sinawi
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Quan Li
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jin-San Zhang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Yaser Tahamtani
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Reproductive Epidemiology Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Koorosh Shahpasand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Onikanni AS, Lawal B, Oyinloye BE, Mostafa-Hedeab G, Alorabi M, Cavalu S, Olusola AO, Wang CH, Batiha GES. Therapeutic efficacy of Clompanus pubescens leaves fractions via downregulation of neuronal cholinesterases/Na+-K+ATPase/IL-1 β, and improving the neurocognitive and antioxidants status of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 148:112730. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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16
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Alqudah MA, Al-Nosairy A, Alzoubi KH, Kahbour OF, Alazzam SI. Edaravone prevents memory impairment in diabetic rats: Role of oxidative stress. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2022.101096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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17
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Peng X, Luo Z, He S, Zhang L, Li Y. Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption by Lipopolysaccharide and Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:768108. [PMID: 34804998 PMCID: PMC8599158 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.768108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
As a complex multicellular structure of the vascular system at the central nervous system (CNS), the blood-brain barrier (BBB) separates the CNS from the system circulation and regulates the influx and efflux of substances to maintain the steady-state environment of the CNS. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the cell wall component of Gram-negative bacteria, can damage the barrier function of BBB and further promote the occurrence and development of sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE). Here, we conduct a literature review of the direct and indirect damage mechanisms of LPS to BBB and the relationship between these processes and SAE. We believe that after LPS destroys BBB, a large number of inflammatory factors and neurotoxins will enter and damage the brain tissue, which will activate brain immune cells to mediate inflammatory response and in turn further destroys BBB. This vicious circle will ultimately lead to the progression of SAE. Finally, we present a succinct overview of the treatment of SAE by restoring the BBB barrier function and summarize novel opportunities in controlling the progression of SAE by targeting the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyao Peng
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhixuan Luo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Shuang He
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Luhua Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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18
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Ribeiro ACAF, Batista TH, Ferrari MS, Giusti-Paiva A, Vilela FC. The accentuation in post-traumatic stress disorder-like symptoms induced by diabetes in rats is not associated with a further increase in astrocyte activation in the hippocampus. Neurosci Lett 2021; 762:136174. [PMID: 34400287 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) show increased rates of several serious metabolic diseases. However, little is known about pre-existing metabolic diseases and the development of PTSD. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the course of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) development in rats with preexisting diabetes. In addition, we quantified glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the hippocampus of the experimental animals. For this, we used male Wistar rats and divided them into two groups: saline and alloxan (150 mg/Kg, i.p.). The animals were weighed, and plasma glucose was measured after 48 h of diabetes induction by alloxan. The animals were either exposed to inescapable footshocks or not, followed by social isolation. After 14 days, the animals were re-exposed to the box, and the freezing time was evaluated for 10 min. Over the following days, the animals were tested on the open field, social interaction and forced swimming tests. In another group of animals, elevated plus maze and object recognition tests were performed. Our results demonstrated that animals with diabetes had more pronounced PTSD-like symptoms as a reduction in social interaction, an increase in immobility time in forced swimming, a reduction in permanence in the open arms of the elevated plus maze, and a deficit in the object recognition index more accentuated. However, this did not reflect astrocyte activation in the hippocampus. In conclusion, diabetes accentuates post-traumatic stress disorder-like symptoms but not astrocyte activation in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cláudia A F Ribeiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências Aplicadas à Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (Unifal-MG), Alfenas, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (Unifal-MG), Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Tatiane H Batista
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (Unifal-MG), Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Mariela S Ferrari
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (Unifal-MG), Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Giusti-Paiva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências Aplicadas à Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (Unifal-MG), Alfenas, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (Unifal-MG), Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Fabiana C Vilela
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências Aplicadas à Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (Unifal-MG), Alfenas, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (Unifal-MG), Alfenas, Brazil.
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19
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Diabetes and Alzheimer's Disease: Might Mitochondrial Dysfunction Help Deciphering the Common Path? Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081257. [PMID: 34439505 PMCID: PMC8389322 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing number of clinical and epidemiological studies support the hypothesis of a tight correlation between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the development risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Indeed, the proposed definition of Alzheimer's disease as type 3 diabetes (T3D) underlines the key role played by deranged insulin signaling to accumulation of aggregated amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides in the senile plaques of the brain. Metabolic disturbances such as hyperglycemia, peripheral hyperinsulinemia, dysregulated lipid metabolism, and chronic inflammation associated with T2DM are responsible for an inefficient transport of insulin to the brain, producing a neuronal insulin resistance that triggers an enhanced production and deposition of Aβ and concomitantly contributes to impairment in the micro-tubule-associated protein Tau, leading to neural degeneration and cognitive decline. Furthermore, the reduced antioxidant capacity observed in T2DM patients, together with the impairment of cerebral glucose metabolism and the decreased performance of mitochondrial activity, suggests the existence of a relationship between oxidative damage, mitochondrial impairment, and cognitive dysfunction that could further reinforce the common pathophysiology of T2DM and AD. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms by which insulin-signaling dysregulation in T2DM can contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of AD, deepening the analysis of complex mechanisms involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production under oxidative stress and their possible influence in AD and T2DM. In addition, the role of current therapies as tools for prevention or treatment of damage induced by oxidative stress in T2DM and AD will be debated.
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20
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Masood S, Rehman AU, Bashir S, El Shazly M, Imran M, Khalil P, Ifthikar F, Jaffar HM, Khursheed T. Investigation of the anti-hyperglycemic and antioxidant effects of wheat bread supplemented with onion peel extract and onion powder in diabetic rats. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021; 20:485-495. [PMID: 34222073 PMCID: PMC8212200 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-021-00770-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM Onion is one of the commonly cultivated and consumed vegetables rich in nutrients and phytochemicals. Various nutraceuticals are found in the outer fleshy layers and dry peel of onion which usually is treated as a common biowaste. Diabetes mellitus is a leading non communicable disease causing hyperglycemia and increased production of free radicals that potentially disrupts antioxidant enzymatic activity. Considering global consumption of wheat, the present study was designed to evaluate the anti-hyperglycemic and antioxidant effects of wheat bread supplemented with onion peel extract (OPE) or onion powder (OP) on diabetic rats. METHODS In this study, ethanolic extract of onion peel and onion bulb were prepared separately. Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups (n = 7). Different regimens of supplemented wheat bread (OPE (1% and 3%) and OP (5% and 7%)) were given to diabetic rats for eight weeks, plain bread was used as the control. Blood glucose level, body weight and activities of SOD, CAT, GPx, GR, GSH and MDA in the liver and kidney tissues were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Version (25) and Dunnett's multiple comparison test. RESULTS Bread supplemented with 1% and 3% onion peel extract and 7% onion powder significantly reduced blood glucose levels and MDA in the treated rats compared with the control group diabetic rats. Body weight of diabetic rats was reduced for control group, while onion supplemented diet improved the body weight of treated rats. Onion supplementation also brought significant improvement in antioxidant enzyme activities among the treated diabetic rats. CONCLUSION These findings suggested that onion supplementation is effective in lowering blood glucose and could potentially aid in protecting organs from oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Masood
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences (UIDNS), Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Attiq ur Rehman
- Horticulture Technologies, Production Systems Unit, Natural Resources Institute (Luke), Toivonlinnantie 518, FI-21500 Piikkiö, Finland
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Shahid Bashir
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences (UIDNS), Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mohamed El Shazly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, African Union Organization Street, Cairo, Abbassia 11566 Egypt
| | - Muhammad Imran
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences (UIDNS), Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Palwasha Khalil
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences (UIDNS), Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Faiza Ifthikar
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences (UIDNS), Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hafiza Madiha Jaffar
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences (UIDNS), Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tara Khursheed
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences (UIDNS), Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
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21
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Carvalho C, Cardoso S. Diabetes-Alzheimer's Disease Link: Targeting Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Redox Imbalance. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:631-649. [PMID: 32098477 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Significance: It is of common sense that the world population is aging and life expectancy is increasing. However, as the population ages, there is also an exponential risk to live into the ages where the brain-related frailties and neurodegenerative diseases develop. Hand in hand with those events, the world is witnessing a major upsurge in diabetes diagnostics. Remarkably, all of this seems to be narrowly related, and clinical and research communities highlight for the upcoming threat that it will represent for the present and future generations. Recent Advances: It is of utmost importance to clarify the influence of diabetes-related metabolic features on brain health and the mechanisms underlying the increased likelihood of developing neurodegenerative diseases, in particular Alzheimer's disease. Thereupon, a wealth of evidence suggests that mitochondria and associated oxidative stress are at the root of the link between diabetes and co-occurring disorders in the brain. Critical Issues: The scientific community has been challenged with constant failures of clinical trials raising major issues in the advance of the therapeutic field to fight chronic diseases epidemics. Thus, a change of paradigms is urgently needed. Future Directions: It has become urgent to identify new and solid candidates able to clinically reproduce the positive outcomes obtained in preclinical studies. On this basis, strategies settled to counteract diabetes-induced neurodegeneration encompassing mitochondrial dysfunction, redox status imbalance, and/or insulin dysregulation seem worth to follow. Hopefully, ongoing innovative research based on reliable experimental tools will soon bring the desired answers allowing pharmaceutical industry to apply such knowledge to human medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Carvalho
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,IIIUC-Interdisciplinarie Institute of Investigation, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Susana Cardoso
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,IIIUC-Interdisciplinarie Institute of Investigation, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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22
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Olagunju AI, Oluwajuyitan TD, Oyeleye SI. Effect of Plantain Bulb's Extract-Beverage Blend on Blood Glucose Levels, Antioxidant Status, and Carbohydrate Hydrolysing Enzymes in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2020; 25:362-374. [PMID: 33505930 PMCID: PMC7813600 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2020.25.4.362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmacological properties of various parts of plantain trees have directed its use in folkloric management of diabetes and other human ailments. However, little is known about plantain bulb extract (PBE) and their mechanisms of action. This study evaluated the effect of PBE-beverage blends (including 1% and 2 % cocoa powder) sweetened with honey on blood glucose levels, antioxidant status, and carbohydrate hydrolysing enzyme activities in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Animals were selected at random and distributed into 7 groups (n=7), as follows: normal control (NC), untreated diabetic rats, diabetic rats treated with acarbose (STZ-ACA), diabetic rats administered PBE (STZ- PBE), diabetic rats administered honey and PBE (STZ-HPBE), diabetic rats administered 1% cocoa powder-with HPBE blend (STZ-CHPBE-1), and diabetic rats administered 2% cocoa powder with HPBE blend (STZ-CHPBE-2). Compared with the controls, untreated diabetic rats exhibited increased blood glucose levels and hydrolysing enzyme activities, and significant decreases in the activities of antioxidant (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-transferase, and glutathione peroxidase) enzyme and non-enzymatic (glutathione) antioxidants. However, changes in activities were comparatively reversed in all rats administered plantain bulb formulations. CHPBE-2 was slightly more effective than CHPBE-1. Overall, both blends could serve as nutraceutical and/or functional drinks in the management of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sunday Idowu Oyeleye
- Department of Biomedical Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure 34002, Nigeria
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23
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Mbatha B, Khathi A, Sibiya N, Booysen I, Mangundu P, Ngubane P. Cardio-protective effects of a dioxidovanadium(V) complex in male sprague-dawley rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Biometals 2020; 34:161-173. [PMID: 33206308 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-020-00270-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular complications are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in diabetes mellitus (DM). Despite the anti-hyperglycemic effects of various anti-diabetic therapeutic agents like insulin, some of these drugs are implicated in precipitating cardiovascular dysfunction. There is therefore an imperative need to seek alternative drugs that may ameliorate these complications. Accordingly, the aim of the study was to investigate the effects of a dioxidovanadium (V) complex, cis-[VO2(obz)py]) on selected cardiovascular function markers in STZ-induced diabetic rats. The vanadium complex (40 mg kg) was administered orally twice every 3rd day 5 weeks, non-diabetic and diabetic control groups received distilled water whereas the insulin group received subcutaneous insulin injections twice daily for 5 weeks. Blood glucose concentrations, mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate, triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol concentrations were monitored weekly for 5 weeks. Rats were then euthanised and blood and hearts were collected for biochemical analysis. There was a significant decrease in blood glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol concentrations as well as blood pressure of vanadium treated rats compared to the untreated diabetic animals. Vanadium treatment also attenuated cardiac oxidative stress and decreased the expression of transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) and Smad7. Lastly, the administration of the vanadium complex significantly decreased C reactive protein (CRP) and cardiotropin 1(CT-1) concentrations in the plasma and heart tissues. The administration of the dioxidovanadium(V) complex to diabetic rats culminated into cardio-protective effects. Taken together, these observations suggest that this metal complex exhibit a significant potential as an alternative therapeutic drug for DM management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonisiwe Mbatha
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa. .,Department of Human Physiology, University of KwaZulu Natal, E-Block, Level 4, Room E4-402, University Road, Chiltern Hills, Westville Campus, 3629, Westville, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa.
| | - Andile Khathi
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Ntethelelo Sibiya
- Pharmacology Division, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Irvin Booysen
- School of Chemistry and Physics, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Patrick Mangundu
- School of Chemistry and Physics, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Phikelelani Ngubane
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Rababa'h AM, Alzoubi KH, Baydoun S, Khabour OF. Levosimendan Prevents Memory Impairment Induced by Diabetes in Rats: Role of Oxidative Stress. Curr Alzheimer Res 2020; 16:1300-1308. [PMID: 31894746 DOI: 10.2174/1567205017666200102153239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Levosimendan is a calcium sensitizer and phosphodiesterase inhibitor that has potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. OBJECTIVES The aim of the current study is to investigate the potential protective effect of levosimendan on learning and memory impairment induced by diabetes. METHODS Adult Wister rats were randomly divided into four groups (n=15 rats/group): control, levosimendan, streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes, and levosimendan-STZ diabetes. Upon confirmation of the success of the STZ diabetic model, intraperitoneal levosimendan (100µg/kg/week) was administrated to the assigned groups for 4 weeks. Then, the radial arm water maze was used to evaluate spatial learning and memory. Oxidative stress biomarkers and brain-derived neurotrophic factor were evaluated in hippocampal tissues. RESULTS The results showed that Diabetes Mellitus (DM) impaired both short- and long- term memory (P<0.01), while levosimendan protected the animals from memory impairment. In addition, levosimendan prevented DM-induced reduction in the hippocampal levels of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase (P<0.05). Moreover, the administration of levosimendan prevented DM-induced increases in hippocampal thiobarbituric acid reactive substances level (P<0.05). Furthermore, levosimendan restored the ratio of reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) in DM rats to that observed in the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS In summary, DM induced learning and memory impairment, and treatment with levosimendan impeded this impairment probably through preventing alterations in the antioxidant system in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer M Rababa'h
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Karem H Alzoubi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Sandy Baydoun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Omar F Khabour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
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Li T, Zheng LN, Han XH. Fenretinide attenuates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced blood-brain barrier (BBB) and depressive-like behavior in mice by targeting Nrf-2 signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 125:109680. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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DIONISIO AP, CARVALHO-SILVA LBD, VIEIRA NM, WURLITZER NJ, PEREIRA ACDS, BORGES MDF, GARRUTI DDS, ARAÚJO IDS. Antioxidant and prebiotic effects of a beverage composed by tropical fruits and yacon in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.34518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Sun Y, Ma C, Sun H, Wang H, Peng W, Zhou Z, Wang H, Pi C, Shi Y, He X. Metabolism: A Novel Shared Link between Diabetes Mellitus and Alzheimer's Disease. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:4981814. [PMID: 32083135 PMCID: PMC7011481 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4981814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As a chronic metabolic disease, diabetes mellitus (DM) is broadly characterized by elevated levels of blood glucose. Novel epidemiological studies demonstrate that some diabetic patients have an increased risk of developing dementia compared with healthy individuals. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most frequent cause of dementia and leads to major progressive deficits in memory and cognitive function. Multiple studies have identified an increased risk for AD in some diabetic populations, but it is still unclear which diabetic patients will develop dementia and which biological characteristics can predict cognitive decline. Although few mechanistic metabolic studies have shown clear pathophysiological links between DM and AD, there are several plausible ways this may occur. Since AD has many characteristics in common with impaired insulin signaling pathways, AD can be regarded as a metabolic disease. We conclude from the published literature that the body's diabetic status under certain circumstances such as metabolic abnormalities can increase the incidence of AD by affecting glucose transport to the brain and reducing glucose metabolism. Furthermore, due to its plentiful lipid content and high energy requirement, the brain's metabolism places great demands on mitochondria. Thus, the brain may be more susceptible to oxidative damage than the rest of the body. Emerging evidence suggests that both oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are related to amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology. Protein changes in the unfolded protein response or endoplasmic reticulum stress can regulate Aβ production and are closely associated with tau protein pathology. Altogether, metabolic disorders including glucose/lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and protein changes caused by DM are associated with an impaired insulin signal pathway. These metabolic factors could increase the prevalence of AD in diabetic patients via the promotion of Aβ pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Cao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Department of Pathology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Wei Peng
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zibo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Chenchen Pi
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Yingai Shi
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xu He
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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Rababa'h AM, Mardini AN, Alzoubi KH, Ababneh MA, Athamneh RY. The effect of cilostazol on hippocampal memory and oxidative stress biomarkers in rat model of diabetes mellitus. Brain Res 2019; 1715:182-187. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Yu M, Chen M, Gui J, Huang S, Liu Y, Shentu H, He J, Fang Z, Wang W, Zhang Y. Preparation of Chlorella vulgaris polysaccharides and their antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 137:139-150. [PMID: 31260772 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, six different polysaccharides (RFPs, MAPs, UWPs, AEPs, HWPs and CEPs) were extracted from Chlorella vulgaris using repeated freeze-thawing, microwave-assisted-, ultrasonic wave-, alkali-, hot water-, and cellulase-based methods; and antioxidant property assays were performed both in vitro and in vivo. Radical-scavenging capacity (using DPPH, superoxide and hydroxyl radicals) and metal chelating ability were assessed in vitro; Caenorhabditis elegans was used to assess antioxidant effects in vivo. Based on the in vitro screening tests, UWPs exhibited high antioxidant capacity. The UWP yield was 17.1% ± 2.2%; the DPPH-, superoxide-, and hydroxyl radical-scavenging rates were 65.1% ± 2.4%, 61.2% ± 2.7%, and 56.2% ± 2.2%, respectively, and the metal chelating ability was 63.6% ± 2.5% at a concentration of 0.4 mg/mL. UWPs also exhibited high antioxidant activity in vivo. UWPs significantly increased the lifespan of C. elegans under oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide compared with the control group, enhanced stress-resistance-related enzymes, including catalase and superoxide dismutase by 7.29% ± 1.8% and 24.41% ± 4.8%, respectively. The results of the present study indicate that the extraction methods of C. vulgaris polysaccharides were a key factor influencing antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Food Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China JiLiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Mengjiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Food Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China JiLiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Jiangli Gui
- Key Laboratory of Marine Food Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China JiLiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Shudan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Food Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China JiLiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Yumeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Food Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China JiLiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Huifei Shentu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Food Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China JiLiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Jian He
- Key Laboratory of Marine Food Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China JiLiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Zhiyu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Food Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China JiLiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Weimin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Food Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China JiLiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Food Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China JiLiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China.
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Effect of dehydroepiandrosterone on the immune function of mice in vivo and in vitro. Mol Immunol 2019; 112:283-290. [PMID: 31228660 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and immune-regulating properties, while the mechanism of DHEA actions remains unclear. The present study aims to investigate the effect and possible mechanism of DHEA on immune function of mice in vivo and in vitro. In vivo, a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced experimental inflammation model was constructed to analyze the regulation of DHEA on anti-oxidative and immune function in ICR mice; In vitro, the effects of DHEA on the biological functions of lymphocytes and macrophages were studied. The results showed that DHEA increased the activity of total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase, while it decreased the level of reactive oxygen species in LPS-induced mice. Meanwhile, DHEA increased the proportion of T lymphocytes and decreased that of B lymphocytes in primary cultured spleen lymphocytes, and markedly enhanced the Th1/Th2 ratio in spleen T lymphocytes. Furthermore, DHEA significantly increased the Th1 type cytokine (IL-2 and IFN-α) and decreased the Th2 type cytokine (IL-4 and IL-10) levels in LPS-induced mice or in primary cultured spleen T lymphocytes. In addition, DHEA improved the phagocytic ability, enhanced the NO production and increased the iNOS activity in peritoneal macrophages. Our data indicates that DHEA increases the macrophages function via improving NO content and up-regulating TNF-α expression levels; and it evoked a Th1 immuno-response and repressed a Th2 immuno-response through promoting a shift in Th1/Th2 balance toward Th1-dominant immunity in vivo and in vitro. These results provide substantial evidence on the mechanism of DHEA-mediated immune function and the efficient protection against infectious and inflammatory response in animals and humans.
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You S, Kim GH. Protective effect of Mori Cortex radicis extract against high glucose-induced oxidative stress in PC12 cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 83:1893-1900. [PMID: 31130105 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1621154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to investigate the neuroprotective effect of an ethanolic extract of Mori Cortex radicis (MCR) against high glucose (HG)-induced oxidative damage in PC12 cells. Cell cytotoxicity was examined using MTT and lactate dehydrogenase assays. To examine the antioxidative effects, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and the activities of antioxidant enzymes were measured. The expressions of apoptosis-associated proteins were assessed. MCR was found to increase the viabilities of HG-induced PC12 cells and to inhibit ROS and MDA production and to promote antioxidative enzyme activities. Furthermore, MCR reduced apoptosis by upregulating p-Akt and Bcl-2/Bax ratio and reducing cytochrome c level. The main flavonoids in MCR were identified by HPLC to be kuwanon G and morusin. These results suggest the antioxidative effects of MCR protect against HG-induced oxidative stress and that MCR has potential therapeutic use for the prevention and treatment of diabetic neuro-degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohyeon You
- Department of Health Functional Materials, Duksung Women's University , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Gun-Hee Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Duksung Women's University , Seoul , South Korea
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Icariin Inhibits AGE-Induced Injury in PC12 Cells by Directly Targeting Apoptosis Regulator Bax. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:7940808. [PMID: 31178973 PMCID: PMC6501163 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7940808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic encephalopathy (DE) is a serious complication caused by long-term cognitive impairment in diabetic patients. At present, there is no effective treatment for DE. Icariin (ICA) is a bioactive ingredient isolated from Epimedium. Previous research indicated that ICA was neuroprotective against Aβ-induced PC12 cell insult; however, the effect of ICA on an advanced glycosylation end product- (AGE-) induced neural injury model has not been studied. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of ICA on AGE-induced injury in PC12 cells. Our findings revealed that ICA could effectively protect PC12 cells from AGE-induced cell apoptosis by suppressing oxidative stress. Moreover, we observed that ICA could significantly protect against mitochondrial depolarization following AGE stimulation and inactivate the mitochondria-dependent caspase-9/3 apoptosis pathway. Most notably, we identified the direct target protein of ICA as apoptosis regulator Bax by a pulldown assay. We found that ICA could specifically target Bax protein and inhibit Bax dimer formation and migration to mitochondria. Furthermore, a siRNA knockdown experiment revealed that ICA could inhibit PC12 cell apoptosis and oxidative stress through targeting Bax. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that ICA could attenuate AGE-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial apoptosis by specifically targeting Bax and further regulating the biological function of Bax on mitochondria.
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Réus GZ, Carlessi AS, Silva RH, Ceretta LB, Quevedo J. Relationship of Oxidative Stress as a Link between Diabetes Mellitus and Major Depressive Disorder. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:8637970. [PMID: 30944699 PMCID: PMC6421821 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8637970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Both conditions, major depressive disorder (MDD) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are chronic and disabling diseases that affect a very significant percentage of the world's population. Studies have been shown that patients with DM are more susceptible to develop depression, when compared to the general population. The opposite also happens; MDD could be a risk factor for DM development. Some mechanisms have been proposed to explain the pathophysiological mechanisms involved with these conditions, such as excess of glucocorticoids, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and inflammation. These processes can lead to an increase in damage to biomolecules and a decrease in antioxidant defense capacity, leading to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gislaine Z. Réus
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Anelise S. Carlessi
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Ritele H. Silva
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Luciane B. Ceretta
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - João Quevedo
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
- Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
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Lee HR, Kong SY, Sung SH, Kim HJ. DA-9801 and its saponins, dioscin and protodioscin, protect primary cortical neurons from hyperglycemia-induced neurotoxicity. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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35
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Gurel-Gokmen B, Ipekci H, Oktay S, Alev B, Ustundag UV, Ak E, Akakın D, Sener G, Emekli-Alturfan E, Yarat A, Tunali-Akbay T. Melatonin improves hyperglycemia induced damages in rat brain. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2018; 34:e3060. [PMID: 30098300 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine disorder which is characterized by the development of resistance to the cellular activity of insulin or inadequate insulin production. It leads to hyperglycemia, prolonged inflammation, and oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is assumed to play an important role in the development of diabetic complications. Melatonin is the hormone that interacts with insulin in diabetes. Therefore, in this study, the effects of melatonin treatment with or without insulin were examined in diabetic rat brain. METHODS Rats were divided into five groups as control, diabetes, diabetes + insulin, diabetes + melatonin, and diabetes + melatonin + insulin. Experimental diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (60 mg/kg, i.p.). Twelve weeks after diabetes induction, rats were decapitated. Malondialdehyde, glutathione, sialic acid and nitric oxide levels, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, myeloperoxidase, and tissue factor activities were determined in brain tissue. RESULTS Melatonin alone showed its antioxidant effect by increasing brain glutathione level, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione-S-transferase activities and decreasing malondialdehyde level in experimental diabetes. Although insulin did not have a significant effect on glutathione and glutathione-S-transferase, its effects on lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, and catalase were similar to melatonin; insulin also decreased myolopeoxidase activity and increased tissue factor activity. Combined melatonin and insulin treatment mimicked the effects of insulin. CONCLUSION Addition of melatonin to the insulin treatment did not change the effects of insulin, but the detailed role of melatonin alone in the treatment of diabetes merits further experimental and clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begum Gurel-Gokmen
- Basic Medical Sciences, Biochemistry, Marmara University, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hazal Ipekci
- Basic Medical Sciences, Biochemistry, Marmara University, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sehkar Oktay
- Basic Medical Sciences, Biochemistry, Marmara University, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burcın Alev
- Basic Medical Sciences, Biochemistry, Marmara University, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Unsal Velı Ustundag
- Basic Medical Sciences, Biochemistry, Marmara University, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esın Ak
- Basic Medical Sciences, Histology and Embryology, Marmara University, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dılek Akakın
- Basic Medical Sciences, Histology and Embryology, Marmara University, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Goksel Sener
- Pharmacology, Marmara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Emekli-Alturfan
- Basic Medical Sciences, Biochemistry, Marmara University, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aysen Yarat
- Basic Medical Sciences, Biochemistry, Marmara University, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tugba Tunali-Akbay
- Basic Medical Sciences, Biochemistry, Marmara University, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey
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Poursalehi HR, Samareh Fekri M, Sharifi Far F, Mandegari A, Izadi A, Mahmoodi R, Nematollahi H, Porgholamhosein F, Ghorani V, Samareh Fekri M. Early and late preventive effect of Nigella sativa on the bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats: An experimental study. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF PHYTOMEDICINE 2018; 8:263-275. [PMID: 29881712 PMCID: PMC5987441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pulmonary fibhrosis is a disease of the connective tissues in the respiratory system. Nigella sativa has been used for the treatment of pulmonary diseases like asthma. This study investigated the early and late preventive effect of methanolic extract of N. sativa on a bleomycin- induced pulmonary fibrosis model. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was carried out using 52 rats. Pulmonary fibrosis was induced by a single endotracheal injection of bleomycin (5 mg/kg). Extract of N. sativa (500 mg/kg per day) or methylprednisolone succinate (4 mg/kg per day) was injected intraperitoneally in two periods (i.e. days 1-14 as early preventive group and days 15-28 days as late preventive group). The lung tissues were histologically examined at the end of each period and inspected for the amount of hydroxyproline and biomarkers of oxidative stress. RESULTS The pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis were significantly decreased in groups treated with methylprednisolone and N. sativa extract compared to bleomycin group in both early and late prevention groups (p<0.001). The hydroxyproline concentration in pulmonary tissue was significantly decreased in N. sativa and methylprednisolone groups compared to the bleomycin group in both prevention groups (p<0.001). Significant reductions in lipid peroxidation (p<0.001) and increases in catalase activity were also observed in N. sativa and methylprednisolone groups compared to bleomycin group. CONCLUSION This study suggested that N. Sativa extract is effective for early and late prevention of pulmonary fibrosis and inflammation. However, more studies are needed to identify its anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic mechanisms in the respiratory system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mitra Samareh Fekri
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran,Corresponding Author: Tel: +98 3433238818, Fax:+98 3433238818, ,
| | - Fariba Sharifi Far
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ali Mandegari
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran
| | - Atefe Izadi
- Department of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran
| | - Rahil Mahmoodi
- Department of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hadi Nematollahi
- Herbal & Traditional Medicines Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Vahideh Ghorani
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Early life experience contributes to the developmental programming of depressive-like behaviour, neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. J Psychiatr Res 2017; 95:196-207. [PMID: 28886447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This study used an animal model of depression induced by maternal care deprivation (MCD) to investigate whether depressive behaviour, neuroinflammation and oxidative stress were underlying factors in developmental programming after early life stress. At postnatal days (PND) 20, 30, 40, and 60, individual subsets of animals were evaluated in behavioural tests and then euthanized to assess cytokine levels and oxidative stress parameters in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus and serum. The results showed that MCD did not induce behavioural changes at PND 30 and 40. However, at PND 20 and 60, the rats displayed a depressive-like behaviour in the forced swimming test, without changes in locomotor spontaneous activity. In the brain and serum, the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)) were increased, and the anti-inflammatory cytokine (interleukin-10) level was reduced throughout developmental programming (PND 20, 30, 40 and 60). Protein carbonyl levels increased in the brain at PND 30, 40 and 60. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was decreased during all developmental programming phases evaluated in the brain. Catalase (CAT) activity was decreased at PND 20, 40 and 60 in the brain. Our results revealed that "critical episodes" in early life stressful events are able to induce behavioural alterations that persist into adulthood and can stimulate inflammation and oxidative damage in both central and peripheral systems, which are required for distinct patterns of resilience against psychiatric disorders later in life.
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Fouda MA, El-Sayed SS, Abdel-Rahman AA. Restoration of Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla Cystathionine- γ Lyase Activity Underlies Moxonidine-Evoked Neuroprotection and Sympathoinhibition in Diabetic Rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2017; 364:170-178. [PMID: 29133386 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.117.243865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently demonstrated a fundamental role for cystathionine-γ lyase (CSE)-derived hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in the cardioprotective effect of the centrally acting drug moxonidine in diabetic rats. Whether a downregulated CSE/H2S system in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) underlies neuronal oxidative stress and sympathoexcitation in diabetes has not been investigated. Along with addressing this question, we tested the hypothesis that moxonidine prevents the diabetes-evoked neurochemical effects by restoring CSE/H2S function within its major site of action, the RVLM. Ex vivo studies were performed on RVLM tissues of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg, i.p.) diabetic rats treated daily for 3 weeks with moxonidine (2 or 6 mg/kg; gavage), H2S donor sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) (3.4 mg/kg, i.p.), CSE inhibitor DL-propargylglycine (DLP) (37.5 mg/kg, i.p.), a combination of DLP with moxonidine, or their vehicle. Moxonidine alleviated RVLM oxidative stress, neuronal injury, and increased tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity (sympathoexcitation) by restoring CSE expression/activity as well as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression. A pivotal role for H2S in moxonidine-evoked neuroprotection is supported by the following: 1) NaHS replicated the moxonidine-evoked neuroprotection, and the restoration of RVLM HO-1 expression in diabetic rats; and 2) DLP abolished moxonidine-evoked neuroprotection in diabetic rats, and caused RVLM neurotoxicity, reminiscent of a diabetes-evoked neuronal phenotype, in healthy rats. These findings suggest a novel role for RVLM CSE/H2S/HO-1 in moxonidine-evoked neuroprotection and sympathoinhibition, and as a therapeutic target for developing new drugs for alleviating diabetes-evoked RVLM neurotoxicity and cardiovascular anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Fouda
- Department of Pharmacology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Shaimaa S El-Sayed
- Department of Pharmacology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Abdel A Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
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Uncoupling Protein 2 Inhibition Exacerbates Glucose Fluctuation-Mediated Neuronal Effects. Neurotox Res 2017; 33:388-401. [PMID: 28875237 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-017-9805-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Though glucose fluctuations have been considered as an adverse factor for the development of several diabetes-related complications, their impact in the central nervous system is still not fully elucidated. This study was conducted to evaluate the responses of neuronal cells to different glycemic exposures alongside to elucidate the role of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) in regulating such responses. To achieve our goals, primary cortical neurons were submitted to constant high (HG)/low (LG) or glucose level variations (GVs), and the pharmacological inhibition of UCP2 activity was performed using genipin. Results obtained show that GV decreased neuronal cells' viability, mitochondrial membrane potential, and manganese superoxide dismutase activity and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. GV also caused an increase in the glutathione/glutathione disulfide ratio and in the protein expression levels of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF2), UCP2, NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 1 (ND1), and mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I (MTCO1), both mitochondrial DNA encoded subunits of the electron transport chain. Contrariwise, genipin abrogated all those compensations and increased the levels of caspase 3-like activity, potentiated mitochondrial ROS levels, and the loss of neuronal synaptic integrity, decreased the protein expression levels of NRF1, and increased the protein expression levels of UCP5. Further, in the control and LG conditions, genipin increased mitochondrial ROS and the protein expression levels of UCP4, postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95), ND1, and MTCO1. Overall, these observations suggest that UCP2 is in the core of neuronal cell protection and/or adaptation against GV-mediated effects and that other isoforms of neuronal UCPs can be upregulated to compensate the inhibition of UCP2 activity.
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Shivavedi N, Kumar M, Tej GNVC, Nayak PK. Metformin and ascorbic acid combination therapy ameliorates type 2 diabetes mellitus and comorbid depression in rats. Brain Res 2017; 1674:1-9. [PMID: 28827076 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus and depression are the common comorbid disorders affecting humans worldwide. There is an unmet need to develop therapeutic strategies to treat both diabetes mellitus and comorbid depression. The present study evaluated the effectiveness of metformin and ascorbic acid against type 2 diabetes mellitus and comorbid depression in rats. Four groups of diabetic rats were orally administered with vehicle (1mL/kg), metformin (25mg/kg), ascorbic acid (25mg/kg), or combination of metformin (25mg/kg) and ascorbic acid (25mg/kg) for 11 consecutive days. Diabetes was induced by single-dose administration of streptozotocin (65mg/kg, i.p.) with nicotinamide (120mg/kg, i.p.). Comorbid depression was induced by five inescapable foot-shocks (2mA, 2ms duration) at 10s intervals on days 1, 5, 7, and 10. One group of healthy rats received only vehicles to serve as nondiabetic control group. On day 11, animals were sacrificed, and blood and brain samples were collected from each rat following forced swim test. Plasma glucose, insulin, and corticosterone levels were estimated in plasma. The levels of monoamines, proinflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress were measured in prefrontal cortex. The combination therapy significantly reduced immobility period, glucose, and corticosterone levels relative to diabetes with comorbid depression group. Furthermore, the combination therapy increased the levels of insulin and monoamines, and caused a significant reductions in oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines. In conclusion, the present study revealed that metformin and ascorbic acid combination therapy could be a potential strategy to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus and comorbid depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Shivavedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Gullanki Naga Venkata Charan Tej
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Prasanta Kumar Nayak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Romano S, Mitro N, Diviccaro S, Spezzano R, Audano M, Garcia-Segura LM, Caruso D, Melcangi RC. Short-term effects of diabetes on neurosteroidogenesis in the rat hippocampus. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 167:135-143. [PMID: 27890531 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes may induce neurophysiological and structural changes in the central nervous system (i.e., diabetic encephalopathy). We here explored whether the levels of neuroactive steroids (i.e., neuroprotective agents) in the hippocampus may be altered by short-term diabetes (i.e., one month). To this aim, by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry we observed that in the experimental model of the rat raised diabetic by streptozotocin injection, one month of pathology induced changes in the levels of several neuroactive steroids, such as pregnenolone, progesterone and its metabolites (i.e., tetrahydroprogesterone and isopregnanolone) and testosterone and its metabolites (i.e., dihydrotestosterone and 3α-diol). Interestingly these brain changes were not fully reflected by the plasma level changes, suggesting that early phase of diabetes directly affects steroidogenesis and/or steroid metabolism in the hippocampus. These concepts are also supported by the findings that crucial steps of steroidogenic machinery, such as the gene expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (i.e., molecule involved in the translocation of cholesterol into mitochondria) and cytochrome P450 side chain cleavage (i.e., enzyme converting cholesterol into pregnenolone) and 5α-reductase (enzyme converting progesterone and testosterone into their metabolites) are also affected in the hippocampus. In addition, cholesterol homeostasis as well as the functionality of mitochondria, a key organelle in which the limiting step of neuroactive steroid synthesis takes place, are also affected. Data obtained indicate that short-term diabetes alters hippocampal steroidogenic machinery and that these changes are associated with impaired cholesterol homeostasis and mitochondrial dysfunction in the hippocampus, suggesting them as relevant factors for the development of diabetic encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Romano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Nico Mitro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Diviccaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Spezzano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Audano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Donatella Caruso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Roberto Cosimo Melcangi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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Ibrahim DS. Neuroprotective effect of Cucumis melo Var. flexuosus leaf extract on the brains of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:69-75. [PMID: 27488111 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-016-9886-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The central nervous system is one of the most vulnerable organs affected by the oxidative stress associated with diabetes mellitus. Healthy food provides an important source for antioxidants. Therefore, the protective effect of Cucumis melo var. flexuosus (C. melo var. flexuosus) leaf extract on the brains of diabetic rats was investigated. Adult male albino rats divided into 5 groups of 6 rats each were assigned into a normal control group and four diabetic groups. Diabetes was induced in rats by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ; 60 mg/kg bw). One of the four diabetic groups was left untreated and was considered as a diabetic control group while the three other groups were treated with C. melo var. flexuosus leaf extract at the doses of 30, 60 and 120 mg/kg bw for a period of 30 days. After completion of experimental duration plasma and brains were used for evaluating biochemical changes. The obtained data showed that C. melo var. flexuosus leaf extract treatment lowered blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, brain tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin levels, brain malondialdehyde content and caspase-3 activity. Furthermore, the treatment resulted in a marked increase in plasma dopamine, melatonin, brain vascular endothelial growth factor-A levels, brain catalase and superoxide dismutase activities. From the present study, it can be concluded that the C. melo var. flexuosus leaf extract exerts a neuroprotective effect against oxidative damage associated with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa S Ibrahim
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Banha, Egypt.
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Farajpour R, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Ahmadian N, Farzipour M, Mahmoudi J, Majdi A. Chronic Administration of Rosa canina Hydro-Alcoholic Extract Attenuates Depressive-Like Behavior and Recognition Memory Impairment in Diabetic Mice: A Possible Role of Oxidative Stress. Med Princ Pract 2017; 26:245-250. [PMID: 28226322 PMCID: PMC5588410 DOI: 10.1159/000464364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was designed to evaluate whether chronic Rosa canina (RC) extract administration could improve recognition memory and depressive-like behavior in diabetic mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-five male albino mice (25-30 g) were randomly divided into 5 groups (15 in each group). A single intraperitoneal injection of 200 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) was administered to the mice to induce diabetes. The control group received normal saline, and the diabetic groups received normal saline or 50, 250, and 500 mg/kg of RC extract for 28 days. The mice were weighed each week. Recognition memory and depressive-like behavior were assessed using forced swimming and novel object recognition (NOR) tests, respectively. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured in the mouse brain homogenate to evaluate oxidative stress. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS, version 22. RESULTS The groups receiving 250 or 500 mg/kg RC had significantly lower immobility time (159.4 ± 4.7 and 150.1 ± 3.1 s) compared to the sham control group (192.1 ± 7.8 s) in the forced swimming test, and a higher discrimination index (0.39 ± 0.02 and 0.48 ± 0.03) was seen in diabetic animals in the NOR task compared to the sham control group (0.2 ± 0.01). Also, the groups receiving treatment with RC (250 and 500 mg/kg) had significantly higher TAC (0.92 ± 0.04 and 0.96 ± 0.05 mmol/L) and lower MDA (0.76 ± 0.02 and 0.67 ± 0.03 nmol/mg protein) levels in the brains in comparison to the model group. In the 3rd and 4th weeks of study, the RC-treated mice (250 and 500 mg/kg) gained more weight (31.2 ± 0.3 and 32.4 ± 0.3 g, and 31.3 ± 0.2 and 33.7 ± 0.3 g, respectively) than the diabetic group (30 ± 0.2 and 29.6 ± 0.3 g). CONCLUSION This study showed that RC attenuated impairment of recognition memory and depressive-like behavior probably through modulation of oxidative stress in an STZ model of diabetes in mouse brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Farajpour
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz, Iran
- Students' Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Nahid Ahmadian
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz, Iran
- Students' Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Farzipour
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz, Iran
- Students' Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Alireza Majdi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz, Iran
- *Alireza Majdi, Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Gholghasht Street, Azadi Avenue, Tabriz 5166614756 (Iran), E-Mail
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Sadi G, Konat D. Resveratrol regulates oxidative biomarkers and antioxidant enzymes in the brain of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:1156-1163. [PMID: 26079852 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1056311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Oxidative stress has been implicated in the progression of pathogenesis in diabetes mellitus and leads to a variety of deformations in the central nervous system. Recent studies have provided several insights on therapeutic uses of resveratrol in diabetic complications. OBJECTIVE The present study determines if resveratrol ameliorates oxidative stress and molecular changes in the brain frontal cortex of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were divided into four groups: control, diabetic, resveratrol-treated control, and resveratrol-treated diabetic. After diabetes induction, resveratrol (20 mg/kg) was given intraperitoneally once daily for 4 weeks. In addition to enzymatic activities, gene and protein expression of brain antioxidant enzymes were utilized by qRT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. RESULTS The results indicated a significant elevation in total oxidant species (1.22-fold) and malonedialdehyde (1.38-fold) contents in diabetic rat brain cortex tissues. In addition, significant augmentation in the activities of catalase (1.38-fold) and superoxide dismutase (3-fold) was witnessed with the gene and protein expression levels reflecting a transcriptional regulation. Resveratrol treatment significantly normalized diabetic malonedialdehyde and oxidized glutathione levels and strengthens the action of all antioxidant enzymes. Recovery of the diabetes-associated changes reflects the reduction of oxidative conditions by resveratrol and reveals the decrease in the requirement for the activation of antioxidant defense systems in the brain tissues of diabetic rats. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Potent antioxidant and neuroprotective properties of resveratrol against diabetes-induced oxidative damage were demonstrated and the results support the conduct of new studies searching for the molecular mechanism of diabetes-induced changes in brain tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökhan Sadi
- a Department of Biology , Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University , Karaman , Turkey
| | - Dilan Konat
- a Department of Biology , Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University , Karaman , Turkey
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Relationships between Mechanical Nociceptive Threshold and Activity of Antioxidant Enzymes in Male Rats with Experimental Type I Diabetes Mellitus. Bull Exp Biol Med 2016; 161:11-4. [DOI: 10.1007/s10517-016-3333-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Réus GZ, Dos Santos MAB, Abelaira HM, Titus SE, Carlessi AS, Matias BI, Bruchchen L, Florentino D, Vieira A, Petronilho F, Ceretta LB, Zugno AI, Quevedo J. Antioxidant treatment ameliorates experimental diabetes-induced depressive-like behaviour and reduces oxidative stress in brain and pancreas. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2016; 32:278-88. [PMID: 26432993 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Studies have shown a relationship between diabetes mellitus (DM) and the development of major depressive disorder. Alterations in oxidative stress are associated with the pathophysiology of both diabetes mellitus and major depressive disorder. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of antioxidants N-acetylcysteine and deferoxamine on behaviour and oxidative stress parameters in diabetic rats. To this aim, after induction of diabetes by a single dose of alloxan, Wistar rats were treated with N-acetylcysteine or deferoxamine for 14 days, and then depressive-like behaviour was evaluated. Oxidative stress parameters were assessed in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, nucleus accumbens and pancreas. Diabetic rats displayed depressive-like behaviour, and treatment with N-acetylcysteine reversed this alteration. Carbonyl protein levels were increased in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and pancreas of diabetic rats, and both N-acetylcysteine and deferoxamine reversed these alterations. Lipid damage was increased in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala and pancreas; however, treatment with N-acetylcysteine or deferoxamine reversed lipid damage only in the hippocampus and pancreas. Superoxide dismutase activity was decreased in the amygdala, nucleus accumbens and pancreas of diabetic rats. In diabetic rats, there was a decrease in catalase enzyme activity in the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, nucleus accumbens and pancreas, but an increase in the hippocampus. Treatment with antioxidants did not have an effect on the activity of antioxidant enzymes. In conclusion, animal model of diabetes produced depressive-like behaviour and oxidative stress in the brain and periphery. Treatment with antioxidants could be a viable alternative to treat behavioural and biochemical alterations induced by diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gislaine Z Réus
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
- Center for Translational Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maria Augusta B Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Helena M Abelaira
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Stephanie E Titus
- Center for Translational Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anelise S Carlessi
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Beatriz I Matias
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Livia Bruchchen
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Drielly Florentino
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Clínica e Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Andriele Vieira
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Clínica e Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Fabricia Petronilho
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Clínica e Experimental, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Luciane B Ceretta
- Laboratório de Saúde Coletiva, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Alexandra I Zugno
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - João Quevedo
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
- Center for Translational Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests an important contribution of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to pain and neuropsychiatric disorders, but their role in pain-related plasticity in the brain is largely unknown. Neuroplasticity in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) correlates positively with pain behaviors in different models. Little is known, however, about mechanisms of visceral pain-related amygdala changes. The electrophysiological and behavioral studies reported here addressed the role of ROS in the CeA in a visceral pain model induced by intracolonic zymosan. Vocalizations to colorectal distension and anxiety-like behavior increased after intracolonic zymosan and were inhibited by intra-CeA application of a ROS scavenger (tempol, a superoxide dismutase mimetic). Tempol also induced a place preference in zymosan-treated rats but not in controls. Single-unit recordings of CeA neurons in anesthetized rats showed increases of background activity and responses to visceral stimuli after intracolonic zymosan. Intra-CeA application of tempol inhibited the increased activity but had no effect under normal conditions. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings of CeA neurons in brain slices from zymosan-treated rats showed that tempol decreased neuronal excitability and excitatory synaptic transmission of presumed nociceptive inputs from the brainstem (parabrachial area) through a combination of presynaptic and postsynaptic actions. Tempol had no effect in brain slices from sham controls. The results suggest that ROS contribute to visceral pain-related hyperactivity of amygdala neurons and amygdala-dependent behaviors through a mechanism that involves increased excitatory transmission and excitability of CeA neurons.
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Ameer K. Avocado as a Major Dietary Source of Antioxidants and Its Preventive Role in Neurodegenerative Diseases. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2016; 12:337-54. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-28383-8_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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49
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Patel SN, Pandya K, Clark GJ, Parikh MC, Lau-Cam CA. Comparison of taurine and pantoyltaurine as antioxidants in vitro and in the central nervous system of diabetic rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 68:103-12. [PMID: 26616540 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study has comparatively evaluated the antiradical and antilipid peroxidizing actions of taurine (TAU) and its N-pantoyl analog pantoyltaurine (PTAU) in vitro, and has determined the extent to which these findings agree with the in vivo ability of these compounds to prevent changes in plasma glucose and in indices of oxidative stress in the plasma, brain and spinal cord induced by the diabetogen streptozotocin (STZ) in Sprague-Dawley rats. Using free radical-generating and oxidizing systems, PTAU was found more effective than TAU in scavenging DPPH, hydroxyl, peroxyl, and superoxide anion radicals and peroxynitrite, and in preventing lipid peroxidation of a brain homogenate by iron (III)-dopamine and the oxidation of dopamine by iron (III). On the other hand, when administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) at a 1.2mM/kg dose, 75min and 45min before a single i.p., 60mg/kg, dose of (STZ), TAU was about equipotent with PTAU in attenuating STZ-induced increases in glucose, malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO), and the loss of reduced glutathione (GSH) in plasma collected at 24h post STZ. Moreover, the analysis of concurrently collected brain and spinal cords samples revealed that both TAU and PTAU were able to equally reverse the increases in MDA and NO concentrations and to effectively counteract the decrease in the GSH/GSSG ratio caused by STZ. Likewise, both compounds were very effective in preventing the losses of tissue catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities. A comparison of the results for spinal cord and for brain parts such as the cerebellum, cortex and brain stem suggested the existence of regional differences in antioxidant potency between TAU and PTAU, especially in terms of antioxidant enzymes. In general, differences in antiradical and antioxidant potencies between TAU and PTAU derived from in vitro test are not reliable indicators of the antioxidant potencies these compounds may subsequently manifest in a living organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanket N Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Jamaica, NY 11439, United States.
| | - Kashyap Pandya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Jamaica, NY 11439, United States.
| | - George J Clark
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Jamaica, NY 11439, United States.
| | - Mitul C Parikh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Jamaica, NY 11439, United States.
| | - Cesar A Lau-Cam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Jamaica, NY 11439, United States.
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El Batsh MM, El Batch MM, Shafik NM, Younos IH. Favorable effects of vildagliptin on metabolic and cognitive dysfunctions in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 769:297-305. [PMID: 26607467 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Progression of diabetes mellitus is accompanied by metabolic disorders together with psychological deficits including cognitive dysfunctions. Herein, we used a murine streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes to investigate the beneficial effects of vildagliptin not only on metabolic abnormalities, but also on diabetes-induced cognitive decline. Sixty rats were divided randomly and equally into 2 groups; one remains normal and the other serves as STZ- induced diabetic. Both groups were further divided equally into 2 groups; one received vehicle and the other received oral vildagliptin for 8 weeks. Cognitive behavior was assessed using novel object recognition test. Blood samples were collected to measure metabolic parameters and dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-IV activity. Brains were removed and investigated for the levels of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), in addition to brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and relative expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)/p65. Treatment of STZ-induced diabetic rats with vildagliptin increased their body weight and corrected diabetes-induced memory and learning impairment. Moreover, vildagliptin significantly decreased serum levels of glucose and lipids (except high density lipoprotein) together with brain MDA, TNF-α, serum DPP-IV activities and NF-κB/p65 gene expression. On the other hand, vildagliptin significantly increased brain BDNF, SOD as well as serum insulin. Results suggested that vildagliptin has a protective role in counteracting both metabolic abnormalities and memory deficits in diabetic rats, possibly via its anti-hyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant effects, together with reduction of brain NF-κB/p65 over expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha M El Batsh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Manal M El Batch
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt
| | - Noha M Shafik
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt.
| | - Ibrahim H Younos
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman
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