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Cebrian-Silla A, Assis Nascimento M, Mancia W, Gonzalez-Granero S, Romero-Rodriguez R, Obernier K, Steffen DM, Lim DA, Garcia-Verdugo JM, Alvarez-Buylla A. Neural Stem Cell Relay from B1 to B2 cells in the adult mouse Ventricular-Subventricular Zone. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.28.600695. [PMID: 39005355 PMCID: PMC11244865 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.28.600695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Neurogenesis and gliogenesis continue in the Ventricular-Subventricular Zone (V-SVZ) of the adult rodent brain. B1 cells are astroglial cells derived from radial glia that function as primary progenitors or neural stem cells (NSCs) in the V-SVZ. B1 cells, which have a small apical contact with the ventricle, decline in numbers during early postnatal life, yet neurogenesis continues into adulthood. Here we found that a second population of V-SVZ astroglial cells (B2 cells), that do not contact the ventricle, function as NSCs in the adult brain. B2 cell numbers increase postnatally, remain constant in 12-month-old mice and decrease by 18 months. Transcriptomic analysis of ventricular-contacting and non-contacting B cells revealed key molecular differences to distinguish B1 from B2 cells. Transplantation and lineage tracing of B2 cells demonstrate their function as primary progenitors for adult neurogenesis. This study reveals how NSC function is relayed from B1 to B2 progenitors to maintain adult neurogenesis.
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2
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Boucher MJ, Madhani HD. Convergent evolution of innate immune-modulating effectors in invasive fungal pathogens. Trends Microbiol 2024; 32:435-447. [PMID: 37985333 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2023.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Invasive fungal infections pose a major threat to human health. Bacterial and protozoan pathogens secrete protein effectors that overcome innate immune barriers to promote microbial colonization, yet few such molecules have been identified in human fungal pathogens. Recent studies have begun to reveal these long-sought effectors and have illuminated how they subvert key cellular pathways, including apoptosis, myeloid cell polarization, Toll-like receptor signaling, and phagosome action. Thus, despite lacking the specialized secretion systems of bacteria and parasites, it is increasingly clear that fungi independently evolved effectors targeting pathways often subverted by other classes of pathogens. These findings demonstrate the remarkable power of convergent evolution to enable diverse microbes to infect humans while also setting the stage for detailed dissection of fungal disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Boucher
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Hiten D Madhani
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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3
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Quinn CJ, Cartwright EJ, Trafford AW, Dibb KM. On the role of dysferlin in striated muscle: membrane repair, t-tubules and Ca 2+ handling. J Physiol 2024; 602:1893-1910. [PMID: 38615232 DOI: 10.1113/jp285103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Dysferlin is a 237 kDa membrane-associated protein characterised by multiple C2 domains with a diverse role in skeletal and cardiac muscle physiology. Mutations in DYSF are known to cause various types of human muscular dystrophies, known collectively as dysferlinopathies, with some patients developing cardiomyopathy. A myriad of in vitro membrane repair studies suggest that dysferlin plays an integral role in the membrane repair complex in skeletal muscle. In comparison, less is known about dysferlin in the heart, but mounting evidence suggests that dysferlin's role is similar in both muscle types. Recent findings have shown that dysferlin regulates Ca2+ handling in striated muscle via multiple mechanisms and that this becomes more important in conditions of stress. Maintenance of the transverse (t)-tubule network and the tight coordination of excitation-contraction coupling are essential for muscle contractility. Dysferlin regulates the maintenance and repair of t-tubules, and it is suspected that dysferlin regulates t-tubules and sarcolemmal repair through a similar mechanism. This review focuses on the emerging complexity of dysferlin's activity in striated muscle. Such insights will progress our understanding of the proteins and pathways that regulate basic heart and skeletal muscle function and help guide research into striated muscle pathology, especially that which arises due to dysferlin dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Quinn
- Unit of Cardiac Physiology, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, 3.14 Core Technology Facility, Manchester, UK
| | - E J Cartwright
- Unit of Cardiac Physiology, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, 3.14 Core Technology Facility, Manchester, UK
| | - A W Trafford
- Unit of Cardiac Physiology, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, 3.14 Core Technology Facility, Manchester, UK
| | - K M Dibb
- Unit of Cardiac Physiology, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, 3.14 Core Technology Facility, Manchester, UK
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Siddiqui H, Deo N, Rutledge MT, Williams MJ, Redpath GM, McCormick SP. Plasminogen Receptors Promote Lipoprotein(a) Uptake by Enhancing Surface Binding and Facilitating Macropinocytosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:1851-1866. [PMID: 37589135 PMCID: PMC10521804 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.319344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High levels of Lp(a) (lipoprotein(a)) are associated with multiple forms of cardiovascular disease. Lp(a) consists of an apoB100-containing particle attached to the plasminogen homologue apo(a). The pathways for Lp(a) clearance are not well understood. We previously discovered that the plasminogen receptor PlgRKT (plasminogen receptor with a C-terminal lysine) promoted Lp(a) uptake in liver cells. Here, we aimed to further define the role of PlgRKT and to investigate the role of 2 other plasminogen receptors, annexin A2 and S100A10 (S100 calcium-binding protein A10) in the endocytosis of Lp(a). METHODS Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells and haploid human fibroblast-like (HAP1) cells were used for overexpression and knockout of plasminogen receptors. The uptake of Lp(a), LDL (low-density lipoprotein), apo(a), and endocytic cargos was visualized and quantified by confocal microscopy and Western blotting. RESULTS The uptake of both Lp(a) and apo(a), but not LDL, was significantly increased in HepG2 and HAP1 cells overexpressing PlgRKT, annexin A2, or S100A10. Conversely, Lp(a) and apo(a), but not LDL, uptake was significantly reduced in HAP1 cells in which PlgRKT and S100A10 were knocked out. Surface binding studies in HepG2 cells showed that overexpression of PlgRKT, but not annexin A2 or S100A10, increased Lp(a) and apo(a) plasma membrane binding. Annexin A2 and S100A10, on the other hand, appeared to regulate macropinocytosis with both proteins significantly increasing the uptake of the macropinocytosis marker dextran when overexpressed in HepG2 and HAP1 cells and knockout of S100A10 significantly reducing dextran uptake. Bringing these observations together, we tested the effect of a PI3K (phosphoinositide-3-kinase) inhibitor, known to inhibit macropinocytosis, on Lp(a) uptake. Results showed a concentration-dependent reduction confirming that Lp(a) uptake was indeed mediated by macropinocytosis. CONCLUSIONS These findings uncover a novel pathway for Lp(a) endocytosis involving multiple plasminogen receptors that enhance surface binding and stimulate macropinocytosis of Lp(a). Although the findings were produced in cell culture models that have limitations, they could have clinical relevance since drugs that inhibit macropinocytosis are in clinical use, that is, the PI3K inhibitors for cancer therapy and some antidepressant compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halima Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry (H.S., N.D., M.T.R., G.M.I.R., S.P.A.M.), Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, New Zealand
- School of Biomedical Sciences, HeartOtago (H.S., N.D., M.T.R., M.J.A.W., G.M.I.R., S.P.A.M.), Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | - Nikita Deo
- Department of Biochemistry (H.S., N.D., M.T.R., G.M.I.R., S.P.A.M.), Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, New Zealand
- School of Biomedical Sciences, HeartOtago (H.S., N.D., M.T.R., M.J.A.W., G.M.I.R., S.P.A.M.), Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | - Malcolm T. Rutledge
- Department of Biochemistry (H.S., N.D., M.T.R., G.M.I.R., S.P.A.M.), Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, New Zealand
- School of Biomedical Sciences, HeartOtago (H.S., N.D., M.T.R., M.J.A.W., G.M.I.R., S.P.A.M.), Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | - Michael J.A. Williams
- School of Biomedical Sciences, HeartOtago (H.S., N.D., M.T.R., M.J.A.W., G.M.I.R., S.P.A.M.), Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, New Zealand
- Department of Medicine (M.J.A.W.), Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | - Gregory M.I. Redpath
- Department of Biochemistry (H.S., N.D., M.T.R., G.M.I.R., S.P.A.M.), Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, New Zealand
- School of Biomedical Sciences, HeartOtago (H.S., N.D., M.T.R., M.J.A.W., G.M.I.R., S.P.A.M.), Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | - Sally P.A. McCormick
- Department of Biochemistry (H.S., N.D., M.T.R., G.M.I.R., S.P.A.M.), Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, New Zealand
- School of Biomedical Sciences, HeartOtago (H.S., N.D., M.T.R., M.J.A.W., G.M.I.R., S.P.A.M.), Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, New Zealand
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Lindsay S, Bartolotti L, Li Y. Ca 2+ ions facilitate the organization of the Annexin A2/S100A10 heterotetramer. Proteins 2023; 91:1042-1053. [PMID: 36965169 PMCID: PMC10518368 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
Annexin A2 (A2) is a member of the Annexin family, which contains Ca2+ -regulated phospholipid-binding proteins. Annexins associate with S100 proteins to form heterotetramers. The A2/S100A10 heterotetramer (A2t) is the most extensively studied of these heterotetramers. It induces membrane microdomain formation, causes membrane budding, and facilitates proliferation of some cancers. In this work, the first molecular dynamics (MD) study on the complete A2t of 868 amino acids was performed. MD trajectories of more than 600 ns each were generated for complete A2t complexes with and without Ca2+ ions. The outward extension of membrane-binding residues A2-K279 and A2-K281 was shown to be inhibited in the absence of Ca2+ as they were captured by Ca2+ -binding residue D322. F-actin binding residue A2-D339 was observed to occupy either an exposed or buried state in the absence of Ca2+ , while it only occupied the buried state in the presence of Ca2+ . The observed motions of the A2t subunits are highly organized with a strongly correlated central region which is negatively correlated with the periphery of the complex. The central region contains the S100A10 (p11) dimer, A2-N, and A2-I, while the periphery contains A2-II, A2-III, and A2-IV. Novel interactions between A2 and p11 were identified. A2 residues outside of A2-N (K80, R77, E82, and R145) had strong interactions with p11. Residue R145 of A2 may have a significant effect on the dynamics of the system, with its interaction resulting in asymmetric motions of A2. The presented results provide novel insights to inform future experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Lindsay
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858, USA
| | - Libero Bartolotti
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858, USA
| | - Yumin Li
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858, USA
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de Klerk E, Xiao Y, Emfinger CH, Keller MP, Berrios DI, Loconte V, Ekman AA, White KL, Cardone RL, Kibbey RG, Attie AD, Hebrok M. Loss of ZNF148 enhances insulin secretion in human pancreatic β cells. JCI Insight 2023; 8:157572. [PMID: 37288664 PMCID: PMC10393241 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.157572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells is essential to the maintenance of glucose homeostasis. Defects in this process result in diabetes. Identifying genetic regulators that impair insulin secretion is crucial for the identification of novel therapeutic targets. Here, we show that reduction of ZNF148 in human islets, and its deletion in stem cell-derived β cells (SC-β cells), enhances insulin secretion. Transcriptomics of ZNF148-deficient SC-β cells identifies increased expression of annexin and S100 genes whose proteins form tetrameric complexes involved in regulation of insulin vesicle trafficking and exocytosis. ZNF148 in SC-β cells prevents translocation of annexin A2 from the nucleus to its functional place at the cell membrane via direct repression of S100A16 expression. These findings point to ZNF148 as a regulator of annexin-S100 complexes in human β cells and suggest that suppression of ZNF148 may provide a novel therapeutic strategy to enhance insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yini Xiao
- UCSF Diabetes Center, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Christopher H Emfinger
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, DeLuca Biochemistry Laboratories, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Mark P Keller
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, DeLuca Biochemistry Laboratories, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Valentina Loconte
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
- National Center for X-ray Tomography, Advanced Light Source, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Axel A Ekman
- National Center for X-ray Tomography, Advanced Light Source, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Kate L White
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Bridge Institute, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rebecca L Cardone
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology), Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Richard G Kibbey
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology), Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Alan D Attie
- Departments of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, DeLuca Biochemistry Laboratories, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Grindheim AK, Patil SS, Nebigil CG, Désaubry L, Vedeler A. The flavagline FL3 interferes with the association of Annexin A2 with the eIF4F initiation complex and transiently stimulates the translation of annexin A2 mRNA. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1094941. [PMID: 37250892 PMCID: PMC10214161 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1094941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Annexin A2 (AnxA2) plays a critical role in cell transformation, immune response, and resistance to cancer therapy. Besides functioning as a calcium- and lipidbinding protein, AnxA2 also acts as an mRNA-binding protein, for instance, by interacting with regulatory regions of specific cytoskeleton-associated mRNAs. Methods and Results: Nanomolar concentrations of FL3, an inhibitor of the translation factor eIF4A, transiently increases the expression of AnxA2 in PC12 cells and stimulates shortterm transcription/translation of anxA2 mRNA in the rabbit reticulocyte lysate. AnxA2 regulates the translation of its cognate mRNA by a feed-back mechanism, which can partly be relieved by FL3. Results obtained using the holdup chromatographic retention assay results suggest that AnxA2 interacts transiently with eIF4E (possibly eIF4G) and PABP in an RNA-independent manner while cap pulldown experiments indicate a more stable RNA-dependent interaction. Short-term (2 h) treatment of PC12 cells with FL3 increases the amount of eIF4A in cap pulldown complexes of total lysates, but not of the cytoskeletal fraction. AnxA2 is only present in cap analogue-purified initiation complexes from the cytoskeletal fraction and not total lysates confirming that AnxA2 binds to a specific subpopulation of mRNAs. Discussion: Thus, AnxA2 interacts with PABP1 and subunits of the initiation complex eIF4F, explaining its inhibitory effect on translation by preventing the formation of the full eIF4F complex. This interaction appears to be modulated by FL3. These novel findings shed light on the regulation of translation by AnxA2 and contribute to a better understanding of the mechanism of action of eIF4A inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Kari Grindheim
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sudarshan S. Patil
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Canan G. Nebigil
- Regenerative Nanomedicine Laboratory (UMR1260), Faculty of Medicine, FMTS, INSERM-University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Laurent Désaubry
- Regenerative Nanomedicine Laboratory (UMR1260), Faculty of Medicine, FMTS, INSERM-University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Anni Vedeler
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Rashidi S, Mansouri R, Ali-Hassanzadeh M, Muro A, Nguewa P, Manzano-Román R. The most prominent modulated annexins during parasitic infections. Acta Trop 2023; 243:106942. [PMID: 37172709 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.106942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Annexins (ANXs) exert different functions in cell biological and pathological processes and are thus known as double or multi-faceted proteins. These sophisticated proteins might express on both parasite structure and secretion and in parasite-infected host cells. In addition to the characterization of these pivotal proteins, describing their mechanism of action can be also fruitful in recognizing their roles in the pathogenesis of parasitic infections. Accordingly, this study presents the most prominent ANXs thus far identified and their relevant functions in parasites and infected host cells during pathogenesis, especially in the most important intracellular protozoan parasitic infections including leishmaniasis, toxoplasmosis, malaria and trypanosomiasis. The data provided in this study demonstrate that the helminth parasites most probably express and secret ANXs to develop pathogenesis while the modulation of the host-ANXs could be employed as a crucial strategy by intracellular protozoan parasites. Moreover, such data highlight that the use of analogs of both parasite and host ANX peptides (which mimic or regulate ANXs physiological functions through various strategies) might suggest novel therapeutic insights into the treatment of parasitic infections. Furthermore, due to the prominent immunoregulatory activities of ANXs during most parasitic infections and the expression levels of these proteins in some parasitic infected tissues, such multifunctional proteins might be also potentially relevant as vaccine and diagnostic biomarkers. We also suggest some prospects and insights that could be useful and applicable to form the basis of future experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Rashidi
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | - Reza Mansouri
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali-Hassanzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Antonio Muro
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Group (e-INTRO), Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca-Research Center for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Paul Nguewa
- University of Navarra, ISTUN Institute of Tropical Health, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology. IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), c/ Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Raúl Manzano-Román
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Group (e-INTRO), Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca-Research Center for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain.
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9
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Rlip Protein: A Potential Target for COVID-19. J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect 2023; 12:89-94. [PMID: 36816155 PMCID: PMC9924642 DOI: 10.55729/2000-9666.1090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
On January 30, 2020, the COVID-19 epidemic was declared an international public health emergency by the World Health Organization. Given the growing impact of the pandemic, there is great interest in finding potential targets for treating infected or hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Therapeutic studies have been conducted on pre-existing drugs, which vary by country, including anti-malarial agents, antiviral agents, and convalescent plasma. However, many of these agents are ineffective at reducing mortality or only shorten the severity or duration of COVID-19 illness in hospitalized patients. As such, other alternatives for treating COVID-19 are being investigated. One such target of interest has been clathrin-dependent endocytosis (CDE). Clathrin-dependent endocytosis is the most commonly observed mechanism of viral entry into cells. However, there have been no published studies to date on CDE inhibition strategies against COVID-19. One such target is Rlip or RLIP76 (human gene RALBP1, 18p11.22). Among its many functions, Rlip is a stress-protective, Ral-regulated ATPase of the mercapturic acid pathway that transports glutathione-electrophile conjugates of electrophilic toxins, which are precursors of mercapturic acid that precedes de-glutamylation by gamma-glutamyl transferase. Rlip is also regulated by several G-proteins that coordinate movement of cells, organelles, membranes, cytoskeleton, macromolecules, and other small molecules. Previous studies have link Rlip in the pathogenesis of several viral illness. In this paper, we want to propose that RLIP76 (Rlip or RALBP1) may be a novel target for treating SARS-CoV-2 viral infections.
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10
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Wu CT, Lidsky PV, Xiao Y, Cheng R, Lee IT, Nakayama T, Jiang S, He W, Demeter J, Knight MG, Turn RE, Rojas-Hernandez LS, Ye C, Chiem K, Shon J, Martinez-Sobrido L, Bertozzi CR, Nolan GP, Nayak JV, Milla C, Andino R, Jackson PK. SARS-CoV-2 replication in airway epithelia requires motile cilia and microvillar reprogramming. Cell 2023; 186:112-130.e20. [PMID: 36580912 PMCID: PMC9715480 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
How SARS-CoV-2 penetrates the airway barrier of mucus and periciliary mucins to infect nasal epithelium remains unclear. Using primary nasal epithelial organoid cultures, we found that the virus attaches to motile cilia via the ACE2 receptor. SARS-CoV-2 traverses the mucus layer, using motile cilia as tracks to access the cell body. Depleting cilia blocks infection for SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses. SARS-CoV-2 progeny attach to airway microvilli 24 h post-infection and trigger formation of apically extended and highly branched microvilli that organize viral egress from the microvilli back into the mucus layer, supporting a model of virus dispersion throughout airway tissue via mucociliary transport. Phosphoproteomics and kinase inhibition reveal that microvillar remodeling is regulated by p21-activated kinases (PAK). Importantly, Omicron variants bind with higher affinity to motile cilia and show accelerated viral entry. Our work suggests that motile cilia, microvilli, and mucociliary-dependent mucus flow are critical for efficient virus replication in nasal epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ting Wu
- Baxter Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Center for Clinical Sciences Research, 269 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Peter V Lidsky
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, 600 16th Street, Room S572E, Box 2280, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yinghong Xiao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, 600 16th Street, Room S572E, Box 2280, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ran Cheng
- Baxter Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Center for Clinical Sciences Research, 269 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ivan T Lee
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tsuguhisa Nakayama
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sizun Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Wei He
- Baxter Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Center for Clinical Sciences Research, 269 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Janos Demeter
- Baxter Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Center for Clinical Sciences Research, 269 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Miguel G Knight
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, 600 16th Street, Room S572E, Box 2280, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rachel E Turn
- Baxter Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Center for Clinical Sciences Research, 269 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Laura S Rojas-Hernandez
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chengjin Ye
- Disease Intervention and Prevention and Population Health Programs, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Kevin Chiem
- Disease Intervention and Prevention and Population Health Programs, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Judy Shon
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Luis Martinez-Sobrido
- Disease Intervention and Prevention and Population Health Programs, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Garry P Nolan
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jayakar V Nayak
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Carlos Milla
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Raul Andino
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, 600 16th Street, Room S572E, Box 2280, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Peter K Jackson
- Baxter Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Center for Clinical Sciences Research, 269 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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11
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Jayaswamy PK, Vijaykrishnaraj M, Patil P, Alexander LM, Kellarai A, Shetty P. Implicative role of epidermal growth factor receptor and its associated signaling partners in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 83:101791. [PMID: 36403890 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays a pivotal role in early brain development, although its expression pattern declines in accordance with the maturation of the active nervous system. However, recurrence of EGFR expression in brain cells takes place during neural functioning decline and brain atrophy in order to maintain the homeostatic neuronal pool. As a consequence, neurotoxic lesions such as amyloid beta fragment (Aβ1-42) formed during the alternative splicing of amyloid precursor protein in Alzheimer's disease (AD) elevate the expression of EGFR. This inappropriate peptide deposition on EGFR results in the sustained phosphorylation of the downstream signaling axis, leading to extensive Aβ1-42 production and tau phosphorylation as subsequent pathogenesis. Recent reports convey that the pathophysiology of AD is correlated with EGFR and its associated membrane receptor complex molecules. One such family of molecules is the annexin superfamily, which has synergistic relationships with EGFR and is known for membrane-bound signaling that contributes to a variety of inflammatory responses. Besides, Galectin-3, tissue-type activated plasminogen activator, and many more, which lineate the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-18) result in severe neuronal loss. Altogether, we emphasized the perspectives of cellular senescence up-regulated by EGFR and its associated membrane receptor molecules in the pathogenesis of AD as a target for a therapeutical alternative to intervene in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan K Jayaswamy
- Central Research Laboratory, KS. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - M Vijaykrishnaraj
- Central Research Laboratory, KS. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Prakash Patil
- Central Research Laboratory, KS. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Lobo Manuel Alexander
- Department of Neurology, KS. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Adithi Kellarai
- Department of General Medicine, KS. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Praveenkumar Shetty
- Central Research Laboratory, KS. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India; Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India.
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12
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Guo C, Trivedi R, Tripathi AK, Nandy RR, Wagner DC, Narra K, Chaudhary P. Higher Expression of Annexin A2 in Metastatic Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma Promotes Migration and Invasion. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225664. [PMID: 36428758 PMCID: PMC9688257 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aim to evaluate the significance of AnxA2 in BLCA and establish its metastatic role in bladder cancer cells. Analysis of TCGA data showed that AnxA2 mRNA expression was significantly higher in BLCA tumors than in normal bladder tissues. High mRNA expression of AnxA2 in BLCA was significantly associated with high pathological grades and stages, non-papillary tumor histology, and poor overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and diseases specific survival (DSS). Similarly, we found that AnxA2 expression was higher in bladder cancer cells derived from high-grade metastatic carcinoma than in cells derived from low-grade urothelial carcinoma. AnxA2 expression significantly mobilized to the surface of highly metastatic bladder cancer cells compared to cells derived from low-grade tumors and associated with high plasmin generation and AnxA2 secretion. In addition, the downregulation of AnxA2 cells significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion in bladder cancer along with the reduction in proangiogenic factors and cytokines such as PDGF-BB, ANGPT1, ANGPT2, Tie-2, bFGF, GRO, IL-6, IL-8, and MMP-9. These findings suggest that AnxA2 could be a promising biomarker and therapeutic target for high-grade BLCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Guo
- Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Rucha Trivedi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Amit K. Tripathi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Rajesh R. Nandy
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Diana C. Wagner
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, JPS Health Network, Fort Worth, TX 76104, USA
| | - Kalyani Narra
- JPS Oncology and Infusion Center, JPS Health Network, Fort Worth, TX 76104, USA
| | - Pankaj Chaudhary
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-817-735-5178
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13
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Onofre TS, Loch L, Ferreira Rodrigues JP, Macedo S, Yoshida N. Gp35/50 mucin molecules of Trypanosoma cruzi metacyclic forms that mediate host cell invasion interact with annexin A2. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010788. [PMID: 36190932 PMCID: PMC9529151 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Host cell invasion is a critical step for infection by Trypanosoma cruzi, the agent of Chagas disease. In natural infection, T. cruzi metacyclic trypomastigote (MT) forms establish the first interaction with host cells. The gp35/50 mucin molecules expressed in MT have been implicated in cell invasion process, but the mechanisms involved are not well understood. We performed a series of experiments to elucidate the mode of gp35/50-mediated MT internalization. Comparing two parasite strains from genetically divergent groups, G strain (TcI) and CL strain (TcVI), expressing variant forms of mucins, we demonstrated that G strain mucins participate in MT invasion. Only G strain-derived mucins bound to HeLa cells in a receptor-dependent manner and significantly inhibited G strain MT invasion. CL strain MT internalization was not affected by mucins from either strain. HeLa cell invasion by G strain MT was associated with actin recruitment and did not rely on lysosome mobilization. To examine the involvement of annexin A2, which plays a role in actin dynamic, annexin A2-depleted HeLa cells were generated. Annexin A2-deficient cell lines were significantly more resistant than wild type controls to G strain MT invasion. In a co-immunoprecipitation assay, to check whether annexin A2 might be the receptor for mucins, protein A/G magnetic beads crosslinked with monoclonal antibody to G strain mucins were incubated with detergent extracts of MT and HeLa cells. Binding of gp35/50 mucins to annexin A2 was detected. Both G strain MT and purified mucins induced focal adhesion kinase activation in HeLa cells. By confocal immunofluorescence microscopy, colocalization of invading G strain MT with clathrin was visualized. Inhibition of clathrin-coated vesicle formation reduced parasite internalization. Taken together, our data indicate that gp35/50-mediated MT invasion is accomplished through interaction with host cell annexin A2 and clathrin-dependent endocytosis. Host cell invasion by Trypanosoma cruzi, the agent of Chagas disease, is critical for the establishment of infection. Metacyclic trypomastigote (MT) forms are responsible for the initial T. cruzi-host cell interaction. Mucin molecules expressed on MT surface have been implicated in target cell invasion process, but the underlying mechanism are not fully understood. In this study, we aimed at elucidating the mode of mucin-mediated MT internalization. We found that requirement of mucins for MT invasion is T. cruzi strain-dependent. Experiments with G strain MTs, which rely on mucins and on target cell actin for internalization, revealed that mucin molecules bind to annexin A2, a protein that plays a role in actin dynamic. Annexin A2-deficient cell lines were generated and found to be significantly more resistant than wild type controls to MT invasion. Both MT and purified mucins induced focal adhesion kinase activation in host cells. By confocal immunofluorescence microscopy, invading MT was found to colocalize with clathrin, a protein that plays a role in endocytosis. Inhibition of clathrin-coated vesicle formation reduced parasite internalization. From these data we infer that mucin-mediated MT invasion is accomplished through interaction with host cell annexin A2 and clathrin-dependent endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Souza Onofre
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Loch
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Ferreira Rodrigues
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silene Macedo
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nobuko Yoshida
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,* E-mail:
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14
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Zhang H, Lu D, Zhang Y, Zhao G, Raheem A, Chen Y, Chen X, Hu C, Chen H, Yang L, Guo A. Annexin A2 regulates Mycoplasma bovis adhesion and invasion to embryo bovine lung cells affecting molecular expression essential to inflammatory response. Front Immunol 2022; 13:974006. [PMID: 36159852 PMCID: PMC9493479 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.974006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis) is an important pathogen of the bovine respiratory disease complex, invading lower respiratory tracts and causing severe pneumonia. However, its molecular mechanism largely remains unknown. Host annexin A2 (ANXA2) is a calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding protein. The current study sought to determine whether ANXA2 could mediate M. bovis adhesion and invasion thereby affecting its induction of inflammatory response. ANXA2 expression was upregulated in M. bovis-infected bovine lung epithelial cells (EBL), and blocking ANXA2 with an anti-ANXA2 antibody reduced M. bovis adhesion to EBL. Compared with uninfected cells, more ANXA2 was translocated from the cytoplasm to the cell surface after M. bovis infection. Furthermore, RNA interference knockdown of ANXA2 expression in EBL cells resulted in a significant decrease in M. bovis invasion and F-actin polymerization. Next, the transcriptomic study of M. bovis-infected EBL cells with and without ANXA2 knockdown were performed. The data exhibited that ANXA2 knockdown EBL cells had 2487 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with 1175 upregulated and 1312 downregulated compared to control. According to GO and KEGG analyses, 50 genes potentially linked to inflammatory responses, 23 involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) receptor interaction, and 48 associated with PI3K-AKT signal pathways were upregulated, while 38 mRNA binding genes, 16 mRNA 3′-UTR binding genes, and 34 RNA transport genes were downregulated. Furthermore, 19 genes with various change-folds were selected for qPCR verification, and the results agreed with the RNA-seq findings. Above all, the transcription of two chemokines (IL-8 and CXCL5) and a key bovine β-defensin TAP in IL-17 signaling pathway were significantly increased in ANXA2 knockdown cells. Moreover, ANXA2 knockdown or knockout could increase NF-κB and MAPK phosphorylation activity in response to M. bovis infection. Additionally, ANXA2 knockdown also significantly decreased the CD44 transcripts via exon V3 and V7 skipping after M. bovis infection. We concluded that M. bovis borrowed host ANXA2 to mediate its adhesion and invasion thereby negatively regulating molecular expression essential to IL-17 signal pathway. Furthermore, CD44 V3 and V7 isoforms might contribute to this ANXA2 meditated processes in M. bovis infected EBL cells. These findings revealed a new understanding of pathogenesis for M. bovis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Doukun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiqiu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Abdul Raheem
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Changmin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liguo Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Aizhen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Bio-products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Aizhen Guo,
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15
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Pascal A, Gallaud E, Giet R, Benaud C. Annexin A2 and Ahnak control cortical NuMA-dynein localization and mitotic spindle orientation. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:274948. [PMID: 35362526 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper mitotic spindle orientation depends on the correct anchorage of astral microtubules to the cortex. It relies on the remodeling of the cell cortex, a process not fully understood. Annexin A2 (Anx2) is a protein known to be involved in cortical domain remodeling. Here, we report that in early mitosis, Anx2 recruits the scaffold protein Ahnak at the cell cortex facing spindle poles, and the distribution of both proteins is controlled by cell adhesion. Depletion of either protein or impaired cortical Ahnak localization result in delayed anaphase onset and unstable spindle anchoring, which leads to altered spindle orientation. We find that Ahnak is present in a complex with dynein-dynactin. Furthermore, Ahnak and Anx2 are required for dynein and NuMA proper cortical localization and dynamics. We propose that the Ahnak/Anx2 complex influences the cortical organization of the astral microtubule anchoring complex, and thereby mitotic spindle positioning in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Pascal
- University Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, ERL U1305, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Emmanuel Gallaud
- University Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, ERL U1305, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Regis Giet
- University Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, ERL U1305, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Christelle Benaud
- University Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, ERL U1305, F-35000 Rennes, France
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16
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Quantitative proteomic screen identifies annexin A2 as a host target for Salmonella pathogenicity island-2 effectors SopD2 and PipB2. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23630. [PMID: 34880286 PMCID: PMC8655068 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02795-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular pathogens need to establish an intracellular replicative niche to promote survival and replication within the hostile environment inside the host cell. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) initiates formation of the unique Salmonella-containing vacuole and an extensive network of Salmonella-induced tubules in order to survive and thrive within host cells. At least six effectors secreted by the type III secretion system encoded within Salmonella pathogenicity island-2 (SPI-2), namely SifA, SopD2, PipB2, SteA, SseJ, and SseF, purportedly manipulate host cell intracellular trafficking and establish the intracellular replicative niche for S. Typhimurium. The phenotypes of these effectors are both subtle and complex, complicating elucidation of the mechanism underpinning host cell manipulation by S. Typhimurium. In this work we used stable isotope labeling of amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) and a S. Typhimurium mutant that secretes increased amounts of effectors to identify cognate effector binding partners during infection. Using this method, we identified the host protein annexin A2 (AnxA2) as a binding partner for both SopD2 and PipB2 and were able to confirm its binding to SopD2 and PipB2 by reciprocal pull down, although there was a low level of non-specific binding of SopD2-2HA and PipB2-2HA to the Ni-Sepharose beads present. We further showed that knockdown of AnxA2 altered the intracellular positioning of the Salmonella containing vacuole (SCV). This suggests that AnxA2 plays a role in the subcellular positioning of the SCV which could potentially be mediated through protein–protein interactions with either SopD2 or PipB2. This demonstrates the value of studying effector interactions using proteomic techniques and natural effector delivery during infection rather than transfection.
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17
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Ying YT, Ren WJ, Tan X, Yang J, Liu R, Du AF. Annexin A2-Mediated Internalization of Staphylococcus aureus into Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells Requires Its Interaction with Clumping Factor B. Microorganisms 2021; 9:2090. [PMID: 34683411 PMCID: PMC8538401 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9102090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of contagious mastitis in dairy cattle. Internalization of S. aureus by bovine mammary gland epithelial cells is thought to be responsible for persistent and chronic intramammary infection, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. METHODS In the present study, we evaluated the role of Annexin A2 (AnxA2), a membrane-binding protein, in S. aureus invasion into bovine mammary epithelial cell line (MAC-T). In vitro binding assays were performed to co-immunoprecipitate the binding proteins of AnxA2 in the lysates of S. aureus. RESULTS AnxA2 mediated the internalization but not adherence of S. aureus. Engagement of AnxA2 stimulated an integrin-linked protein kinase (ILK)/p38 MAPK cascade to induce S. aureus invasion. One of the AnxA2-precipitated proteins was identified as S. aureus clumping factor B (ClfB) through use of mass spectrometry. Direct binding of ClfB to AnxA2 was further confirmed by using a pull-down assay. Pre-incubation with recombinant ClfB protein enhanced S. aureus internalization, an effect that was specially blocked by anti-AnxA2 antibody. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that binding of ClfB to AnxA2 has a function in promoting S. aureus internalization. Targeting the interaction of ClfB and AnxA2 may confer protection against S. aureus mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Tian Ying
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.-T.Y.); (W.-J.R.); (J.Y.); (R.L.); (A.-F.D.)
- Veterinary Medical Center, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wei-Jia Ren
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.-T.Y.); (W.-J.R.); (J.Y.); (R.L.); (A.-F.D.)
- Veterinary Medical Center, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xun Tan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.-T.Y.); (W.-J.R.); (J.Y.); (R.L.); (A.-F.D.)
- Veterinary Medical Center, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.-T.Y.); (W.-J.R.); (J.Y.); (R.L.); (A.-F.D.)
- Veterinary Medical Center, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.-T.Y.); (W.-J.R.); (J.Y.); (R.L.); (A.-F.D.)
| | - Ai-Fang Du
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.-T.Y.); (W.-J.R.); (J.Y.); (R.L.); (A.-F.D.)
- Veterinary Medical Center, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
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18
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Harel T, Griffin JN, Arbogast T, Monroe TO, Palombo F, Martinelli M, Seri M, Pippucci T, Elpeleg O, Katsanis N. Loss of function mutations in CCDC32 cause a congenital syndrome characterized by craniofacial, cardiac and neurodevelopmental anomalies. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:1489-1497. [PMID: 32307552 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the wide use of genomics to investigate the molecular basis of rare congenital malformations, a significant fraction of patients remains bereft of diagnosis. As part of our continuous effort to recruit and perform genomic and functional studies on such cohorts, we investigated the genetic and mechanistic cause of disease in two independent consanguineous families affected by overlapping craniofacial, cardiac, laterality and neurodevelopmental anomalies. Using whole exome sequencing, we identified homozygous frameshift CCDC32 variants in three affected individuals. Functional analysis in a zebrafish model revealed that ccdc32 depletion recapitulates the human phenotypes. Because some of the patient phenotypes overlap defects common to ciliopathies, we asked if loss of CCDC32 might contribute to the dysfunction of this organelle. Consistent with this hypothesis, we show that ccdc32 is required for normal cilia formation in zebrafish embryos and mammalian cell culture, arguing that ciliary defects are at least partially involved in the pathomechanism of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Harel
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Diseases, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - John N Griffin
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA.,School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Thomas Arbogast
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Tanner O Monroe
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.,Advanced Center for Translational and Genetic Medicine (ACT-GeM), Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Flavia Palombo
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC Clinica Neurologica, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marcella Martinelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Marco Seri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy.,U.O. Genetica Medica, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Tommaso Pippucci
- U.O. Genetica Medica, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Orly Elpeleg
- Monique and Jacques Roboh Department of Genetic Research, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Nicholas Katsanis
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.,Advanced Center for Translational and Genetic Medicine (ACT-GeM), Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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19
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Cheng C, Wang X, Jiang Y, Li Y, Liao Z, Li W, Yu Z, Whalen MJ, Lok J, Dumont AS, Liu N, Wang X. Recombinant Annexin A2 Administration Improves Neurological Outcomes After Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:708469. [PMID: 34400908 PMCID: PMC8363504 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.708469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microvascular failure is one of the key pathogenic factors in the dynamic pathological evolution after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Our laboratory and others previously reported that Annexin A2 functions in blood-brain barrier (BBB) development and cerebral angiogenesis, and recombinant human Annexin A2 (rA2) protected against hypoxia plus IL-1β-induced cerebral trans-endothelial permeability in vitro, and cerebral angiogenesis impairment of AXNA2 knock-out mice in vivo. We thereby hypothesized that ANXA2 might be a cerebrovascular therapy candidate that targets early BBB integrity disruption, and subacute/delayed cerebrovascular remodeling after TBI, ultimately improve neurological outcomes. In a controlled cortex impact (CCI) mice model, we found rA2 treatment (1 mg/kg) significantly reduced early BBB disruption at 24 h after TBI; and rA2 daily treatment for 7 days augmented TBI-induced mRNA levels of pro-angiogenic and endothelial-derived trophic factors in cerebral microvessels. In cultured human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC), through MAPKs array, we identified that rA2 significantly activated Akt, ERK, and CREB, and the activated CREB might be responsible for the rA2-induced VEGF and BDNF expression. Moreover, rA2 administration significantly increased cerebral angiogenesis examined at 14 days and vessel density at 28 days after TBI in mice. Consistently, our results validated that rA2 significantly induced angiogenesis in vitro, evidenced by tube formation and scratched migration assays in HBMEC. Lastly, we demonstrated that rA2 improved long-term sensorimotor and cognitive function, and reduced brain tissue loss at 28 days after TBI. Our findings suggest that rA2 might be a novel vascular targeting approach for treating TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongjie Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Xiaoshu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Yinghua Jiang
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Yadan Li
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Zhengbu Liao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Wenlu Li
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Zhanyang Yu
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Michael J Whalen
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Josephine Lok
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Aaron S Dumont
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Ning Liu
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
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20
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Bozycki L, Mroczek J, Bessueille L, Mebarek S, Buchet R, Pikula S, Strzelecka-Kiliszek A. Annexins A2, A6 and Fetuin-A Affect the Process of Mineralization in Vesicles Derived from Human Osteoblastic hFOB 1.19 and Osteosarcoma Saos-2 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083993. [PMID: 33924370 PMCID: PMC8069967 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The mineralization process is initiated by osteoblasts and chondrocytes during intramembranous and endochondral ossifications, respectively. Both types of cells release matrix vesicles (MVs), which accumulate Pi and Ca2+ and form apatites in their lumen. Tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), a mineralization marker, is highly enriched in MVs, in which it removes inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi), an inhibitor of apatite formation. MVs then bud from the microvilli of mature osteoblasts or hypertrophic chondrocytes and, thanks to the action of the acto-myosin cortex, become released to the extracellular matrix (ECM), where they bind to collagen fibers and propagate mineral growth. In this report, we compared the mineralization ability of human fetal osteoblastic cell line (hFOB 1.19 cells) with that of osteosarcoma cell line (Saos-2 cells). Both types of cells were able to mineralize in an osteogenic medium containing ascorbic acid and beta glycerophosphate. The composition of calcium and phosphate compounds in cytoplasmic vesicles was distinct from that in extracellular vesicles (mostly MVs) released after collagenase-digestion. Apatites were identified only in MVs derived from Saos-2 cells, while MVs from hFOB 1.19 cells contained amorphous calcium phosphate complexes. In addition, AnxA6 and AnxA2 (nucleators of mineralization) increased mineralization in the sub-membrane region in strongly mineralizing Saos-2 osteosarcoma, where they co-localized with TNAP, whereas in less mineralizing hFOB 1.19 osteoblasts, AnxA6, and AnxA2 co-localizations with TNAP were less visible in the membrane. We also observed a reduction in the level of fetuin-A (FetuA), an inhibitor of mineralization in ECM, following treatment with TNAP and Ca channels inhibitors, especially in osteosarcoma cells. Moreover, a fraction of FetuA was translocated from the cytoplasm towards the plasma membrane during the stimulation of Saos-2 cells, while this displacement was less pronounced in stimulated hFOB 19 cells. In summary, osteosarcoma Saos-2 cells had a better ability to mineralize than osteoblastic hFOB 1.19 cells. The formation of apatites was observed in Saos-2 cells, while only complexes of calcium and phosphate were identified in hFOB 1.19 cells. This was also evidenced by a more pronounced accumulation of AnxA2, AnxA6, FetuA in the plasma membrane, where they were partly co-localized with TNAP in Saos-2 cells, in comparison to hFOB 1.19 cells. This suggests that both activators (AnxA2, AnxA6) and inhibitors (FetuA) of mineralization were recruited to the membrane and co-localized with TNAP to take part in the process of mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Bozycki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Lipids, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (L.B.); (J.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Joanna Mroczek
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Lipids, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (L.B.); (J.M.); (S.P.)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, 1 Pasteur Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Laurence Bessueille
- Department of Biosciences, Université de Lyon, CEDEX 69622 Villeurbanne, France; (L.B.); (S.M.); (R.B.)
- Department of Biosciences, Université Lyon 1, CEDEX 69622 Villeurbanne, France
- INSA de Lyon, CEDEX 69621 Villeurbanne, France
- CPE Lyon, CEDEX 69616 Villeurbanne, France
- ICBMS CNRS UMR 5246, CEDEX 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Saida Mebarek
- Department of Biosciences, Université de Lyon, CEDEX 69622 Villeurbanne, France; (L.B.); (S.M.); (R.B.)
- Department of Biosciences, Université Lyon 1, CEDEX 69622 Villeurbanne, France
- INSA de Lyon, CEDEX 69621 Villeurbanne, France
- CPE Lyon, CEDEX 69616 Villeurbanne, France
- ICBMS CNRS UMR 5246, CEDEX 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - René Buchet
- Department of Biosciences, Université de Lyon, CEDEX 69622 Villeurbanne, France; (L.B.); (S.M.); (R.B.)
- Department of Biosciences, Université Lyon 1, CEDEX 69622 Villeurbanne, France
- INSA de Lyon, CEDEX 69621 Villeurbanne, France
- CPE Lyon, CEDEX 69616 Villeurbanne, France
- ICBMS CNRS UMR 5246, CEDEX 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Slawomir Pikula
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Lipids, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (L.B.); (J.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Agnieszka Strzelecka-Kiliszek
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Lipids, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (L.B.); (J.M.); (S.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-5892276; Fax: +48-22-8224352
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21
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Grewal T, Rentero C, Enrich C, Wahba M, Raabe CA, Rescher U. Annexin Animal Models-From Fundamental Principles to Translational Research. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073439. [PMID: 33810523 PMCID: PMC8037771 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Routine manipulation of the mouse genome has become a landmark in biomedical research. Traits that are only associated with advanced developmental stages can now be investigated within a living organism, and the in vivo analysis of corresponding phenotypes and functions advances the translation into the clinical setting. The annexins, a family of closely related calcium (Ca2+)- and lipid-binding proteins, are found at various intra- and extracellular locations, and interact with a broad range of membrane lipids and proteins. Their impacts on cellular functions has been extensively assessed in vitro, yet annexin-deficient mouse models generally develop normally and do not display obvious phenotypes. Only in recent years, studies examining genetically modified annexin mouse models which were exposed to stress conditions mimicking human disease often revealed striking phenotypes. This review is the first comprehensive overview of annexin-related research using animal models and their exciting future use for relevant issues in biology and experimental medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Grewal
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
- Correspondence: (T.G.); (U.R.); Tel.: +61-(0)2-9351-8496 (T.G.); +49-(0)251-83-52121 (U.R.)
| | - Carles Rentero
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (C.R.); (C.E.)
- Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Enrich
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (C.R.); (C.E.)
- Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mohamed Wahba
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Carsten A. Raabe
- Research Group Regulatory Mechanisms of Inflammation, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE) and Cells in Motion Interfaculty Center (CiM), Institute of Medical Biochemistry, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany;
| | - Ursula Rescher
- Research Group Regulatory Mechanisms of Inflammation, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE) and Cells in Motion Interfaculty Center (CiM), Institute of Medical Biochemistry, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany;
- Correspondence: (T.G.); (U.R.); Tel.: +61-(0)2-9351-8496 (T.G.); +49-(0)251-83-52121 (U.R.)
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22
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Streubel-Gallasch L, Giusti V, Sandre M, Tessari I, Plotegher N, Giusto E, Masato A, Iovino L, Battisti I, Arrigoni G, Shimshek D, Greggio E, Tremblay ME, Bubacco L, Erlandsson A, Civiero L. Parkinson's Disease-Associated LRRK2 Interferes with Astrocyte-Mediated Alpha-Synuclein Clearance. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:3119-3140. [PMID: 33629273 PMCID: PMC8257537 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02327-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative, progressive disease without a cure. To prevent PD onset or at least limit neurodegeneration, a better understanding of the underlying cellular and molecular disease mechanisms is crucial. Mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene represent one of the most common causes of familial PD. In addition, LRRK2 variants are risk factors for sporadic PD, making LRRK2 an attractive therapeutic target. Mutations in LRRK2 have been linked to impaired alpha-synuclein (α-syn) degradation in neurons. However, in which way pathogenic LRRK2 affects α-syn clearance by astrocytes, the major glial cell type of the brain, remains unclear. The impact of astrocytes on PD progression has received more attention and recent data indicate that astrocytes play a key role in α-syn-mediated pathology. In the present study, we aimed to compare the capacity of wild-type astrocytes and astrocytes carrying the PD-linked G2019S mutation in Lrrk2 to ingest and degrade fibrillary α-syn. For this purpose, we used two different astrocyte culture systems that were exposed to sonicated α-syn for 24 h and analyzed directly after the α-syn pulse or 6 days later. To elucidate the impact of LRRK2 on α-syn clearance, we performed various analyses, including complementary imaging, transmission electron microscopy, and proteomic approaches. Our results show that astrocytes carrying the G2019S mutation in Lrrk2 exhibit a decreased capacity to internalize and degrade fibrillar α-syn via the endo-lysosomal pathway. In addition, we demonstrate that the reduction of α-syn internalization in the Lrrk2 G2019S astrocytes is linked to annexin A2 (AnxA2) loss of function. Together, our findings reveal that astrocytic LRRK2 contributes to the clearance of extracellular α-syn aggregates through an AnxA2-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michele Sandre
- Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.,PNC, Padua Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Anna Masato
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Ilaria Battisti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Giorgio Arrigoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.,CRIBI Biotechnology Center, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Derya Shimshek
- Novartis Institutes of BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elisa Greggio
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Bubacco
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Anna Erlandsson
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Laura Civiero
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy. .,IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, Venice, Italy.
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23
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Sanchez DJD, Vasconcelos FR, Teles-Filho ACA, Viana AGA, Martins AMA, Sousa MV, Castro MS, Ricart CA, Fontes W, Bertolini M, Bustamante-Filho IC, Moura AA. Proteomic profile of pre-implantational ovine embryos produced in vivo. Reprod Domest Anim 2021; 56:586-603. [PMID: 33460477 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to decipher the proteome of in vivo-produced pre-implantation ovine embryos. Ten locally adapted Morana Nova ewes received hormonal treatment and were inseminated 12 hr after ovulation. Six days later, 54 embryos (morula and blastocyst developmental state) were recovered from eight ewes and pooled to obtain sufficient protein for proteomic analysis. Extracted embryo proteins were analysed by LC-MS/MS, followed by identification based on four database searches (PEAKS, Proteome Discoverer software, SearchGUI software, PepExplorer). Identified proteins were analysed for gene ontology terms, protein clusters and interactions. Genes associated with the ovine embryo proteome were screened for miRNA targets using data sets of TargetScan (http://www.targetscan.org) and mIRBase (http://www.mirbase.org) servers. There were 667 proteins identified in the ovine embryos. Biological processes of such proteins were mainly related to cellular process and regulation, and molecular functions, to binding and catalytic activity. Analysis of the embryo proteins revealed 49 enriched functional clusters, linked to energy metabolism (TCA cycle, pyruvate and glycolysis metabolism), zona pellucida (ZP), MAPK signalling pathway, tight junction, binding of sperm to ZP, translation, proteasome, cell cycle and calcium/phospholipid binding. Sixteen miRNAs were related to 25 pre-implantation ovine embryo genes, all conserved in human, bovine and ovine species. The interaction network generated by miRNet showed four key miRNAs (hsa-mir-106b-5p; hsa-mir-30-5p; hsa-mir-103a-5p and hsa-mir-106a-5p) with potential interactions with embryo-expressed genes. Functional analysis of the network indicated that miRNAs modulate genes related to cell cycle, regulation of stem cell and embryonic cell differentiation, among others. Retrieved miRNAs also modulate the expression of genes involved in cell signalling pathways, such as MAPK, Wnt, TGF-beta, p53 and Toll-like receptor. The current study describes the first major proteomic profile of 6-day-old ovine embryos produced in vivo, setting a comprehensive foundation for our understanding of embryo physiology in the ovine species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deisy J D Sanchez
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Fabio R Vasconcelos
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | - Arabela G A Viana
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Aline M A Martins
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Marcelo V Sousa
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Mariana S Castro
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Ricart
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Wagner Fontes
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Bertolini
- The School of Veterinay Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Arlindo A Moura
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
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24
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Su Z, Chang Q, Drelich A, Shelite T, Judy B, Liu Y, Xiao J, Zhou C, He X, Jin Y, Saito T, Tang S, Soong L, Wakamiya M, Fang X, Bukreyev A, Ksiazek T, Russell WK, Gong B. Annexin A2 depletion exacerbates the intracerebral microhemorrhage induced by acute rickettsia and Ebola virus infections. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0007960. [PMID: 32687500 PMCID: PMC7392349 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral microhemorrhages (CMHs) are small foci of hemorrhages in the cerebrum. Acute infections induced by some intracellular pathogens, including rickettsia, can result in CMHs. Annexin a2 (ANXA2) has been documented to play a functional role during intracellular bacterial adhesion. Here we report that ANXA2-knockout (KO) mice are more susceptible to CMHs in response to rickettsia and Ebola virus infections, suggesting an essential role of ANXA2 in protecting vascular integrity during these intracellular pathogen infections. Proteomic analysis via mass spectrometry of whole brain lysates and brain-derived endosomes from ANXA2-KO and wild-type (WT) mice post-infection with R. australis revealed that a variety of significant proteins were differentially expressed, and the follow-up function enrichment analysis had identified several relevant cell-cell junction functions. Immunohistology study confirmed that both infected WT and infected ANXA2-KO mice were subjected to adherens junctional protein (VE-cadherin) damages. However, key blood-brain barrier (BBB) components, tight junctional proteins ZO-1 and occludin, were disorganized in the brains from R. australis-infected ANXA2-KO mice, but not those of infected WT mice. Similar ANXA2-KO dependent CMHs and fragments of ZO-1 and occludin were also observed in Ebola virus-infected ANXA2-KO mice, but not found in infected WT mice. Overall, our study revealed a novel role of ANXA2 in the formation of CMHs during R. australis and Ebola virus infections; and the underlying mechanism is relevant to the role of ANXA2-regulated tight junctions and its role in stabilizing the BBB in these deadly infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengchen Su
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Qing Chang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Aleksandra Drelich
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Thomas Shelite
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Barbara Judy
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Yakun Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jie Xiao
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Changchen Zhou
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Xi He
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Yang Jin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Campus, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Tais Saito
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Shaojun Tang
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Lynn Soong
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Maki Wakamiya
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Xiang Fang
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Alexander Bukreyev
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Thomas Ksiazek
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - William K. Russell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Bin Gong
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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25
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Expression of Annexin A2 Promotes Cancer Progression in Estrogen Receptor Negative Breast Cancers. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071582. [PMID: 32629869 PMCID: PMC7407301 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
When breast cancer progresses to a metastatic stage, survival rates decline rapidly and it is considered incurable. Thus, deciphering the critical mechanisms of metastasis is of vital importance to develop new treatment options. We hypothesize that studying the proteins that are newly synthesized during the metastatic processes of migration and invasion will greatly enhance our understanding of breast cancer progression. We conducted a mass spectrometry screen following bioorthogonal noncanonical amino acid tagging to elucidate changes in the nascent proteome that occur during epidermal growth factor stimulation in migrating and invading cells. Annexin A2 was identified in this screen and subsequent examination of breast cancer cell lines revealed that Annexin A2 is specifically upregulated in estrogen receptor negative (ER-) cell lines. Furthermore, siRNA knockdown showed that Annexin A2 expression promotes the proliferation, wound healing and directional migration of breast cancer cells. In patients, Annexin A2 expression is increased in ER- breast cancer subtypes. Additionally, high Annexin A2 expression confers a higher probability of distant metastasis specifically for ER- patients. This work establishes a pivotal role of Annexin A2 in breast cancer progression and identifies Annexin A2 as a potential therapeutic target for the more aggressive and harder to treat ER- subtype.
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26
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Robinson J, Berselli GB, Ryadnov MG, Keyes TE. Annexin V Drives Stabilization of Damaged Asymmetric Phospholipid Bilayers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:5454-5465. [PMID: 32326703 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Annexins are soluble membrane-binding proteins that associate in a calcium dependent manner with anionic phospholipids. They play roles in membrane organization, signaling and vesicle transport and in several disease states including thrombosis and inflammation. Annexin V is believed to be involved in membrane repair. Mediated through binding to phosphatidylserine exposed at damaged plasma membrane, the protein forms crystalline networks that seal or stabilize small membrane tears. Herein, we model this biochemical mechanism to simulate membrane healing at microcavity array supported, transversally asymmetric, lipid bilayers (MSLBs) comprising 1,2-dioleoylsn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) and 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-l-serine (DOPS). Varying annexin V concentration, lipid composition, and DOPS presence at each leaflet, fluorescence imaging and correlation spectroscopy confirmed that when DOPS was present at the external, annexin V, contacting leaflet, the protein assembled rapidly at the membrane interface to form a layer. From electrochemical impedance studies, the annexin layer decreased membrane capacitance while reducing resistance. With DOPS incorporated only at the lower (proximal) leaflet, no appreciable annexin assembly was observed over the first 21 h. This suggests that membrane asymmetry is preserved over this window and transversal diffusion of DOPS is slow. Intense laser light applied to the membrane, in which DOPS is initially isolated at the lower leaflet, was found to simulate membrane damage, stimulating the rapid assembly of annexin V at the membrane interface confirmed by fluorescence imaging, correlation spectroscopy, and electrochemical impedance measurements. The damage induced by light increased impedance and decreased membrane resistance. The resulting bilayer annexin V patched bilayer showed better temporal stability toward impedance changes when compared with that of the parent membrane. In summary, this simple model of annexin V assembly in a fluidic lipid membrane provides new insights into the assembly of annexins as well as an empirical basis for building patch-repair mechanisms into interfacial bilayer membrane assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Robinson
- School of Chemical Sciences and National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Guilherme B Berselli
- School of Chemical Sciences and National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Maxim G Ryadnov
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW110LW, United Kingdom
| | - Tia E Keyes
- School of Chemical Sciences and National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
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27
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Chaudhary R, Scott RAH, Wallace G, Berry M, Logan A, Blanch RJ. Inflammatory and Fibrogenic Factors in Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy Development. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2020; 9:23. [PMID: 32742753 PMCID: PMC7357815 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.9.3.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) occurs in 5%-10% of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment cases and is the principle cause for failure of retinal reattachment surgery. Although there are a number of surgical adjunctive agents available for preventing the development of PVR, all have limited efficacy. Discovering predictive molecular biomarkers to determine the probability of PVR development after retinal reattachment surgery will allow better patient stratification for more targeted drug evaluations. Methods Narrative literature review. Results We provide a summary of the inflammatory and fibrogenic factors found in ocular fluid samples during the development of retinal detachment and PVR and discuss their possible use as molecular PVR predictive biomarkers. Conclusions Studies monitoring the levels of the above factors have found that few if any have predictive biomarker value, suggesting that widening the phenotype of potential factors and a combinatorial approach are required to determine predictive biomarkers for PVR. Translational Relevance The identification of relevant biomarkers relies on an understanding of disease signaling pathways derived from basic science research. We discuss the extent to which those molecules identified as biomarkers and predictors of PVR relate to disease pathogenesis and could function as useful disease predictors. (http://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/ number, UMIN000005604).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishika Chaudhary
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre, Birmingham, UK.,Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Graham Wallace
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Martin Berry
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ann Logan
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Richard J Blanch
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.,Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.,Academic Unit of Military Surgery and Trauma, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Birmingham, UK
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28
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Xia WX, Zhang LH, Liu YW. Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis Reveals Six Hub Genes Involved in and Tight Junction Function in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma and their Potential Use in Prognosis. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2019; 23:829-836. [PMID: 31821092 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2019.0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) is an aggressive and invasive tumor with poor prognosis. Identifying prognostic biomarkers of PAAD will provide crucial information for developing treatment plans. Methods: In this analysis, a gene-expression dataset, containing RNA-sequencing data recalculated into transcripts per million, was obtained from the UCSC Xena platform. Three thousand nine hundred and seventy six differentially expressed genes were obtained with analysis of variance. Using these data a co-expression network was constructed using weighted gene co-expression network analysis, from which we obtained eight modules. Results: The blue module included 497 genes and demonstrated significant negative correlation with overall survival. Furthermore, pathway analyses demonstrated the involvement of many of these genes in the tight junction pathway, which plays a critical role in PAAD. In addition, we identified six genes in common (i.e., ANXA2 [annexin A2], EPHA2 [erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular class A2], ITGB4 [integrin beta 4], KRT19 [keratin type I cytoskeletal 19], LGALS3 [galectin-3], and S100A14 [S100 calcium binding protein A14]) between the protein-protein interaction and gene co-expression networks that may have critical functions in PAAD. These hub genes were not only highly expressed at the RNA level but also exhibited high expression in the immunohistological data in the Human Protein Atlas Database. Conclusion: Thus, this research clarified the framework of co-expressed gene modules in PAAD and highlighted potential prognostic biomarkers for the clinical diagnosis of PAAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Xiao Xia
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Institute of Basic Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin-Heng Zhang
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yao-Wen Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Institute of Basic Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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29
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Leow CY, Willis C, Leow CH, Hofmann A, Jones M. Molecular characterization of Schistosoma mansoni tegument annexins and comparative analysis of antibody responses following parasite infection. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2019; 234:111231. [PMID: 31628972 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2019.111231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Schistosomes are parasitic blood flukes that infect approximately 250 million people worldwide. The disease known as schistosomiasis, is the second most significant tropical parasitic disease after malaria. Praziquantel is the only effective drug currently licensed for schistosomiasis and there are concerns about resistance to the drug. There has been much effort to develop vaccines against schistosomiasis to produce long-term protection in endemic regions. Surface-associated proteins, and in particular, those expressed in the body wall, or tegument, have been proposed as potential vaccine targets. Of these, annexins are thought to be of integral importance for the stability of this apical membrane system. Here, we present the structural and immunobiochemical characterization of four homologous annexins namely annexin B30, annexin B5a, annexin B7a and annexin B5b from S. mansoni. Bioinformatics analysis showed that there was no signal peptide predicted for any annexin in this study. Further analysis showed that each of all four annexin protein possesses a primary structure consisting of a short but variable N-terminal region and a long C-terminal core containing four homologous annexin repeats (I-IV), which contain five alpha-helices. The life cycle expression profile of each annexin was assessed using quantitative PCR. The results showed that the overall transcript levels of the each of four homologous annexins were relatively low in the egg stage, but increased gradually after the transition of cercariae (the invasive schistosome larvae) to schistosomula (the post-invasive larvae). Circular dichroism (CD) demonstrated that rAnnexin B30, rAnnexin B5a and rAnnexin 7a were folded, showing a secondary structure content rich in alpha-helices. The membrane binding affinity was enhanced when rAnnexin B30, rAnnexin B5a and rAnnexin 7a was incubated in the presence of Ca2+. All annexin members evaluated in this study were immunolocalized to the tegument, with immunoreactivity also occurring in cells and in muscle of adult parasites. All four recombinant annexins were immunoreactive and they were recognized by the sera of mice infected with S. mansoni. In conclusion, the overall results present the molecular characterization of annexin B30, annexin B5a, annexin B7a and annexin B5b from S. mansoni in host-parasite interactions and strongly suggest that the molecules could be useful candidates for vaccine or diagnostic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiuan Yee Leow
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Charlene Willis
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Chiuan Herng Leow
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Andreas Hofmann
- Structural Chemistry Program, Eskitis Institute for Cell and Molecular Therapies, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Malcolm Jones
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton, Australia
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30
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Li W, Chen Z, Yuan J, Yu Z, Cheng C, Zhao Q, Huang L, Hajjar KA, Chen Z, Lo EH, Dai H, Wang X. Annexin A2 is a Robo4 ligand that modulates ARF6 activation-associated cerebral trans-endothelial permeability. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2019; 39:2048-2060. [PMID: 29786451 PMCID: PMC6775579 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x18777916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption in neurological disorders remains an intractable problem with limited therapeutic options. Here, we investigate whether the endothelial cell membrane protein annexin A2 (ANXA2) may play a role in reducing trans-endothelial permeability and maintaining cerebrovascular integrity after injury. Compared with wild-type mice, the expression of cerebral endothelial junctional proteins was reduced in E15.5 and adult ANXA2 knockout mice, along with increased leakage of small molecule tracers. In human brain endothelial cells that were damaged by hypoxia plus IL-1β, treatment with recombinant ANXA2 (rA2) rescued the expression of junctional proteins and decreased trans-endothelial permeability. These protective effects were mediated in part by interactions with F-actin and VE-cadherin, and the ability of rA2 to modulate signaling via the roundabout guidance receptor 4 (Robo4)-paxillin-ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (ARF6) pathway. Taken together, these observations suggest that ANXA2 may be associated with the maintenance of endothelial tightness after cerebrovascular injury. ANXA2-mediated pathways should be further explored as potential therapeutic targets for protecting the BBB in neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlu Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Zhigang Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Zhanyang Yu
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Chongjie Cheng
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Qiuchen Zhao
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Lena Huang
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Katherine A Hajjar
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhong Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Eng H Lo
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Haibin Dai
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
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31
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Zibouche M, Illien F, Ayala-Sanmartin J. Annexin A2 expression and partners during epithelial cell differentiation. Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 97:612-620. [DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2018-0393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The members of the annexin family of calcium- and phospholipid-binding proteins participate in different cellular processes. Annexin A2 binds to S100A10, forming a functional heterotetrameric protein that has been involved in many cellular functions, such as exocytosis, endocytosis, cell junction formation, and actin cytoskeleton dynamics. Herein, we studied annexin A2 cellular movements and looked for its partners during epithelial cell differentiation. By using immunofluorescence, mass spectrometry (MS), and western blot analyses after S100A10 affinity column separation, we identified several annexin A2–S100A10 partner candidates. The association of putative annexin A2–S100A10 partner candidates obtained by MS after column affinity was validated by immunofluorescence and sucrose density gradient separation. The results show that three proteins are clearly associated with annexin A2: E-cadherin, actin, and caveolin 1. Overall, the data show that annexin A2 can associate with molecular complexes containing actin, caveolin 1, and flotillin 2 before epithelial differentiation and with complexes containing E-cadherin, actin, and caveolin 1, but not flotillin 2 after cell differentiation. The results indicate that actin, caveolin 1, and E-cadherin are the principal protein partners of annexin A2 in epithelial cells and that the serine phosphorylation of the N-terminal domain does not play an essential role during epithelial cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malik Zibouche
- CNRS, Université Sorbonne, École normale supérieure, Université PSL, Laboratoire des biomolécules, Paris 75005, France
- CNRS, Université Sorbonne, École normale supérieure, Université PSL, Laboratoire des biomolécules, Paris 75005, France
| | - Françoise Illien
- CNRS, Université Sorbonne, École normale supérieure, Université PSL, Laboratoire des biomolécules, Paris 75005, France
- CNRS, Université Sorbonne, École normale supérieure, Université PSL, Laboratoire des biomolécules, Paris 75005, France
| | - Jesus Ayala-Sanmartin
- CNRS, Université Sorbonne, École normale supérieure, Université PSL, Laboratoire des biomolécules, Paris 75005, France
- CNRS, Université Sorbonne, École normale supérieure, Université PSL, Laboratoire des biomolécules, Paris 75005, France
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32
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Annexin A2 Expression in Aerogenous Metastasis of Pulmonary Invasive Mucinous Adenocarcinoma: A Case Report including Immunohistochemical Analysis. Case Rep Oncol Med 2019; 2019:5064852. [PMID: 31485361 PMCID: PMC6702807 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5064852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerogenous metastasis (AM) is a form of lung cancer that spreads in a unique fashion, but its mechanisms are still unclear. Annexin A2 (ANX A2), a membrane-binding protein, promotes cancer invasion and is involved in cell adhesion and polarity. The relationship between ANX A2 and cancers with poor stromal invasion capacity has not been studied. We immunohistochemically analyzed ANX A2 expression in AM observed in a patient with pulmonary invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma. In the primary site, ANX A2 immunopositivity on the cell-cell borders weakened as tumor cells projected and separated into alveolar spaces. In AM, tumor cell aggregates with ANX A2 immunopositivity near the surface and within the cytoplasm attached to alveolar epithelial cells, then engulfed them and formed a protrusion. As tumor cell aggregates adhered to the alveolar wall and formed a single layer, cytoplasmic ANX A2-positive products accumulated in the lateral sides of the tumor cells and exhibited distinct membranous positivity. These results indicated that ANX A2 near the tumor cell surface was related to alveolar wall attachment. Furthermore, the translocation of cytoplasmic ANX A2 to cell-cell borders changed cell morphology, adhesion, and polarity restoration.
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33
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Aareskjold E, Grindheim AK, Hollås H, Goris M, Lillehaug JR, Vedeler A. Two tales of Annexin A2 knock-down: One of compensatory effects by antisense RNA and another of a highly active hairpin ribozyme. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 166:253-263. [PMID: 31158338 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Besides altering its own expression during cell transformation, Annexin A2 is upregulated during the progression of many cancer types and also plays key roles during viral infection and multiplication. Consequently, there has been great interest in Annexin A2 as a potential drug target. The successful design of efficient in vivo delivery systems constitutes an obstacle in full exploitation of antisense and RNA-cleaving technologies for the knock-down of specific targets. Efficiency is dependent on the method of delivery and accessibility of the target. Here, hairpin ribozymes and an antisense RNA against rat annexin A2 mRNA were tested for their efficiencies in a T7-driven coupled transcription/translation system. The most efficient ribozyme and antisense RNA were subsequently inserted into a retroviral vector under the control of a tRNA promoter, in a cassette inserted between retroviral Long Terminal Repeats for stable insertion into host DNA. The Phoenix package system based on defective retroviruses was used for virus-mediated gene transfer into PC12 cells. Cells infected with the ribozyme-containing particles died shortly after infection. However, the same ribozyme showed a very high catalytic effect in vitro in cell lysates, explained by its loose hinge helix 2 region. This principle can be transferred to other ribozymes, such as those designed to cleave the guide RNA in the CRISPR/Cas9 technology, as well as to target specific viral RNAs. Interestingly, efficient down-regulation of the expression of Annexin A2 by the antisense RNA resulted in up-regulation of Annexin A7 as a compensatory effect after several cell passages. Indeed, compensatory effects have previously been observed during gene knock-out, but not during knock-down of protein expression. This highlights the problems in interpreting the phenotypic effects of knocking down the expression of a protein. In addition, these data are highly relevant when considering the effects of the CRISPR/Cas9 approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Aareskjold
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, N-5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Ann Kari Grindheim
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, N-5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Hanne Hollås
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, N-5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Marianne Goris
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, N-5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Johan R Lillehaug
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgate 55, N-5008 Bergen, Norway
| | - Anni Vedeler
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, N-5009 Bergen, Norway.
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34
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Aliyu IA, Ling KH, Md Hashim N, Chee HY. Annexin A2 extracellular translocation and virus interaction: A potential target for antivirus-drug discovery. Rev Med Virol 2019; 29:e2038. [PMID: 30746844 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Annexin A2 is a membrane scaffolding and binding protein, which mediated various cellular events. Its functions are generally affected by cellular localization. In the cytoplasm, they interacted with different phospholipid membranes in Ca2+ -dependent manner and play vital roles including actin binding, remodeling and dynamics, cytoskeletal rearrangement, and lipid-raft microdomain formation. However, upon cell exposure to certain stimuli, annexin A2 translocates to the external leaflets of the plasma membrane where annexin A2 was recently reported to serve as a virus receptor, play an important role in the formation of virus replication complex, or implicated in virus assembly and budding. Here, we review some of annexin A2 roles in virus infections and the potentiality of targeting annexin A2 in the design of novel and promising antivirus agent that may have a broader consequence in virus therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isah Abubakar Aliyu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Health Science, College of Health Science, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - King-Hwa Ling
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Nurfariesha Md Hashim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Hui-Yee Chee
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
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35
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Role of Annexin A2 isoform 2 on the aggregative growth of dermal papillae cells. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180971. [PMID: 30341243 PMCID: PMC6435533 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The dermal papilla is a major component of hair, which signals the follicular epithelial cells to prolong the hair growth process. Human Annexin A2 was preliminarily identified by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE), MALDI-TOF-MS and database searching. The aim of the present study was to explore the role of Annexin A2 in the aggregative growth of dermal papillae cells (DPC). Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot were adopted to detect the expression of Annexin A2. And siRNA technique was used to suppress the expression of Annexin A2. Construction of over-expression vector was used to up-regulate the expression of Annexin A2. Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK-8) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were taken to detect the proliferation of DPC. The expression of Annexin A2 mRNA was up-regulated in passage 3 DPC compared with passage 10 DPC by RT-PCR. In line with the results at the mRNA level, Western blot analysis revealed that Annexin A2 isoform 2 was up-regulated significantly in passage 3 DPC compared with passage 10 DPC. The Annexin A2 isoform 2 siRNA was synthesized and transfected into passage 3 DPC. RT-PCR data showed the mRNA expression of Annexin A2 isoform 2 was suppressed in passage 3 DPC. Western blot results showed the expression level of Annexin A2 isoform 2 and PCNA were suppressed in passage 3 DPC. CCK-8 results showed that the proliferation of passage 3 DPC was suppressed (P < 0.05). Recombinant plasmid PLJM-Annexin A2 isoform 2-expression vector were constructed and were transfected into passage 10 DPC. RT-PCR data showed the mRNA expression of Annexin A2 isoform 2 was up-regulated in passage 10 DPC. Western blot results showed the expression level of annexin A2 isoform 2 and PCNA were up-regulated in passage 10 DPC. CCK-8 assay showed the proliferation of DPC was stimulated compared with control group (*P < 0.05). Our study proved that Annexin A2 isoform 2 may participate in regulating the proliferation of DPC and may be related to aggregative growth of dermal papilla cells. Therefore, our study suggests that Annexin A2 may be linked to hair follicle growth cycle.
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36
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Gibbs LD, Chaudhary P, Mansheim K, Hare RJ, Mantsch RA, Vishwanatha JK. ANXA2 expression in African American triple-negative breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2018; 174:113-120. [PMID: 30478786 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-018-5030-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Our aim was to determine the role of Annexin A2 (AnxA2), which we have previously found to contribute to the aggressiveness of TNBC, with AA TNBC patients and clinical outcome. METHODS We analyzed TCGA breast cancer database (n = 1098) to observe AnxA2 expression within breast cancer subtypes and is correlation with overall survival. Further, we examined breast tissue specimens (n = 119) through chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) and specimen were scored independently by two pathologists in a blinded study. RESULTS In our TCGA analysis, high expression of AnxA2 was correlated with poor survival in patients with TNBC. AnxA2 gene expression was not correlated with poor survival in other breast cancer subtypes. AnxA2 average CISH intensity score (CISH score = 0, null expression to 3, high expression) for TNBC was significantly higher in comparison to estrogen receptor and/or progesterone receptor positive, human epidermal growth factor positive, and non-malignant tissues. Furthermore, AnxA2 average score was significantly higher in AA TNBC patients (CISH average score = 2.45 ± 0.3266) in comparison to Caucasian TNBC patients (CISH average score = 1.1 ± 0.4069). CONCLUSION AnxA2 is overexpressed in TNBC, implicating AnxA2 as a contributor to the aggressive biology of TNBC in AA women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee D Gibbs
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Texas Center for Health Disparities, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX, 76017, USA. .,Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, 1450 Biggy Street, NRT 2516, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-9601, USA.
| | - Pankaj Chaudhary
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Texas Center for Health Disparities, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX, 76017, USA
| | - Kelsey Mansheim
- Department of Pathology, Brookwood Baptist Health, 1130 22nd St S #1000, Birmingham, AL, 35205, USA
| | - Richard J Hare
- Department of Pathology, Medical City Fort Worth, 900 Eighth Avenue, Fort Worth, TX, 76104, USA
| | - Rebecca A Mantsch
- Department of Pathology, Medical City Fort Worth, 900 Eighth Avenue, Fort Worth, TX, 76104, USA
| | - Jamboor K Vishwanatha
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Texas Center for Health Disparities, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX, 76017, USA
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Yu DS, Weng TH, Hu CY, Wu ZG, Li YH, Cheng LF, Wu NP, Li LJ, Yao HP. Chaperones, Membrane Trafficking and Signal Transduction Proteins Regulate Zaire Ebola Virus trVLPs and Interact With trVLP Elements. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2724. [PMID: 30483236 PMCID: PMC6240689 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ebolavirus (EBOV) life cycle involves interactions with numerous host factors, but it remains poorly understood, as does pathogenesis. Herein, we synthesized 65 siRNAs targeting host genes mostly connected with aspects of the negative-sense RNA virus life cycle (including viral entry, uncoating, fusion, replication, assembly, and budding). We produced EBOV transcription- and replication-competent virus-like particles (trVLPs) to mimic the EBOV life cycle. After screening host factors associated with the trVLP life cycle, we assessed interactions of host proteins with trVLP glycoprotein (GP), VP40, and RNA by co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). The results demonstrate that RNAi silencing with 11 siRNAs (ANXA5, ARFGAP1, FLT4, GRP78, HSPA1A, HSP90AB1, HSPA8, MAPK11, MEK2, NTRK1, and YWHAZ) decreased the replication efficiency of trVLPs. Co-IP revealed nine candidate host proteins (FLT4, GRP78, HSPA1A, HSP90AB1, HSPA8, MAPK11, MEK2, NTRK1, and YWHAZ) potentially interacting with trVLP GP, and four (ANXA5, GRP78, HSPA1A, and HSP90AB1) potentially interacting with trVLP VP40. Ch-IP identified nine candidate host proteins (ANXA5, ARFGAP1, FLT4, GRP78, HSPA1A, HSP90AB1, MAPK11, MEK2, and NTRK1) interacting with trVLP RNA. This study was based on trVLP and could not replace live ebolavirus entirely; in particular, the interaction between trVLP RNA and host proteins cannot be assumed to be identical in live virus. However, the results provide valuable information for further studies and deepen our understanding of essential host factors involved in the EBOV life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Shan Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tian-Hao Weng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen-Yu Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Hua Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin-Fang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nan-Ping Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lan-Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hang-Ping Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Abstract
Phosphoinositides (PIs) play pivotal roles in the regulation of many biological processes. The quality and quantity of PIs is regulated in time and space by the activity of PI kinases and PI phosphatases. The number of PI-metabolizing enzymes exceeds the number of PIs with, in many cases, more than one enzyme controlling the same biochemical step. This would suggest that the PI system has an intrinsic ability to buffer and compensate for the absence of a specific enzymatic activity. However, there are several examples of severe inherited human diseases caused by mutations in one of the PI enzymes, although other enzymes with the same activity are fully functional. The kidney depends strictly on PIs for physiological processes, such as cell polarization, filtration, solute reabsorption, and signal transduction. Indeed, alteration of the PI system in the kidney very often results in pathological conditions, both inherited and acquired. Most of the knowledge of the roles that PIs play in the kidney comes from the study of KO animal models for genes encoding PI enzymes and from the study of human genetic diseases, such as Lowe syndrome/Dent disease 2 and Joubert syndrome, caused by mutations in the genes encoding the PI phosphatases, OCRL and INPP5E, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leopoldo Staiano
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta De Matteis
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy .,University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Lin CH, Lin YW, Chen YC, Liao CC, Jou YS, Hsu MT, Chen CF. FNDC3B promotes cell migration and tumor metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:49498-49508. [PMID: 27385217 PMCID: PMC5226524 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrence and metastasis are common in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and correlate with poor prognosis. We investigated the role of fibronectin type III domain containing 3B (FNDC3B) in HCC metastasis. Overexpression of FNDC3B in HCC cell lines enhanced cell migration and invasion. On the other hand, knockdown of FNDC3B using short-hairpin RNA reduced tumor nodule formation in both intra- and extra-hepatic metastasis. High levels of FNDC3B were observed in metastatic HCCs and correlated with poor patient survival and shorter recurrence time. Mutagenesis and LC-MS/MS analyses showed that FNDC3B promotes cell migration by cooperating with annexin A2 (ANXA2). Furthermore, FNDC3B and ANXA2 expression correlated negatively with patient survival. Our results indicate that FNDC3B behaves like an oncogene by promoting cell migration. This suggests FNDC3B could serve as a biomarker and therapeutic target for HCC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Hui Lin
- VYM Genome Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Wen Lin
- VYM Genome Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chun Chen
- VYM Genome Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chung Liao
- Proteomics Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Shan Jou
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ta Hsu
- VYM Genome Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chian-Feng Chen
- VYM Genome Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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40
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Amhimmid Badr S, Waheeb Fahmi M, Mahmoud Nomir M, Mohammad El-Shishtawy M. Calcium channel α2δ1 subunit as a novel biomarker for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Biol Med 2018; 15:52-60. [PMID: 29545968 PMCID: PMC5842334 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2017.0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common malignancy worldwide. The identification of new simple, inexpensive and highly accurate markers for HCC diagnosis and screening is needed. This case-control study evaluates the role of annexin A2 and voltage-gated calcium channels α2δ1 subunit as serum biomarkers for HCC diagnosis. Methods: The study comprised three groups: group 1, 50 patients with an initial diagnosis of HCC associated with chronic hepatitis C virus infection; group 2, 25 patients diagnosed with chronic hepatitis C virus infection and cirrhosis without any evidence of HCC; and group 3, 15 healthy controls. All participants were subjected to clinical and laboratory investigations, and radiological scanning. The serum levels of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), annexin A2, and the α2δ1 subunit were evaluated by using ELISA technique. Results: The serum levels of annexin A2 significantly increased in patients with HCC (10.4±2.5 ng/mL; P<0.001) or with cirrhosis (9.31±1.8 ng/mL;P<0.001) comparing to that of healthy controls (0.296±0.09 ng/mL). However, there was no significant difference in serum annexin A2 levels in patients with HCC comparing to those with cirrhosis. Serum α2δ1 subunit significantly increased in patients with HCC (20.12±3.7 ng/mL) comparing to that in patients with cirrhosis (10.41±3.4 ng/mL,P<0.001) and healthy controls (10.2±2.9 ng/mL,P<0.001).
Conclusions: The serum α2δ1 subunit may function as a new biomarker for HCC diagnosis. Conversely, serum annexin A2 has low diagnostic value as an HCC marker, especially in patients with underlying cirrhosis.
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41
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Duran CL, Howell DW, Dave JM, Smith RL, Torrie ME, Essner JJ, Bayless KJ. Molecular Regulation of Sprouting Angiogenesis. Compr Physiol 2017; 8:153-235. [PMID: 29357127 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c160048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The term angiogenesis arose in the 18th century. Several studies over the next 100 years laid the groundwork for initial studies performed by the Folkman laboratory, which were at first met with some opposition. Once overcome, the angiogenesis field has flourished due to studies on tumor angiogenesis and various developmental models that can be genetically manipulated, including mice and zebrafish. In addition, new discoveries have been aided by the ability to isolate primary endothelial cells, which has allowed dissection of various steps within angiogenesis. This review will summarize the molecular events that control angiogenesis downstream of biochemical factors such as growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), and lipids. These and other stimuli have been linked to regulation of junctional molecules and cell surface receptors. In addition, the contribution of cytoskeletal elements and regulatory proteins has revealed an intricate role for mobilization of actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments in response to cues that activate the endothelium. Activating stimuli also affect various focal adhesion proteins, scaffold proteins, intracellular kinases, and second messengers. Finally, metalloproteinases, which facilitate matrix degradation and the formation of new blood vessels, are discussed, along with our knowledge of crosstalk between the various subclasses of these molecules throughout the text. Compr Physiol 8:153-235, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille L Duran
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - David W Howell
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Jui M Dave
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Rebecca L Smith
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Melanie E Torrie
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Essner
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Kayla J Bayless
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
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Protein phosphorylation and its role in the regulation of Annexin A2 function. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:2515-2529. [PMID: 28867585 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Annexin A2 (AnxA2) is a multifunctional protein involved in endocytosis, exocytosis, membrane domain organisation, actin remodelling, signal transduction, protein assembly, transcription and mRNA transport, as well as DNA replication and repair. SCOPE OF REVIEW The current knowledge of the role of phosphorylation in the functional regulation of AnxA2 is reviewed. To provide a more comprehensive treatment of this topic, we also address in depth the phosphorylation process in general and discuss its possible conformational effects. Furthermore, we discuss the apparent limitations of the methods used to investigate phosphoproteins, as exemplified by the study of AnxA2. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS AnxA2 is subjected to complex regulation by post-translational modifications affecting its cellular functions, with Ser11, Ser25 and Tyr23 representing important phosphorylation sites. Thus, Ser phosphorylation of AnxA2 is involved in the recruitment and docking of secretory granules, the regulation of its association with S100A10, and sequestration of perinuclear, translationally inactive mRNP complexes. By contrast, Tyr phosphorylation of AnxA2 regulates its role in actin dynamics and increases its association with endosomal compartments. Modification of its three main phosphorylation sites is not sufficient to discriminate between its numerous functions. Thus, fine-tuning of AnxA2 function is mediated by the joint action of several post-translational modifications. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE AnxA2 participates in malignant cell transformation, and its overexpression and/or phosphorylation is associated with cancer progression and metastasis. Thus, tight regulation of AnxA2 function is an integral aspect of cellular homeostasis. The presence of AnxA2 in cancer cell-derived exosomes, as well as the potential regulation of exosomal AnxA2 by phosphorylation or other PTMs, are topics of great interest.
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Huntingtin-associated protein-1 (HAP1) regulates endocytosis and interacts with multiple trafficking-related proteins. Cell Signal 2017; 35:176-187. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Na Pombejra S, Salemi M, Phinney BS, Gelli A. The Metalloprotease, Mpr1, Engages AnnexinA2 to Promote the Transcytosis of Fungal Cells across the Blood-Brain Barrier. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:296. [PMID: 28713781 PMCID: PMC5492700 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic pathogens display multiple mechanisms for breaching the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and invading the central nervous system (CNS). Of the fungal spp., that cause disease in mammals, only some cross brain microvascular endothelial cells which constitute the BBB, and invade the brain. Cryptococcus neoformans, the leading cause of fungal meningoencephalitis, crosses the BBB directly by transcytosis or by co-opting monocytes. We previously determined that Mpr1, a secreted fungal metalloprotease, facilitates association of fungal cells to brain microvascular endothelial cells and we confirmed that the sole expression of CnMPR1 endowed S. cerevisiae with an ability to cross the BBB. Here, the gain of function conferred onto S. cerevisiae by CnMPR1 (i.e., Sc<CnMPR1> strain) was used to identify targets of Mpr1 that might reside on the surface of the BBB. Following biotin-labeling of BBB surface proteins, Sc<CnMPR1>-associated proteins were identified by LC-MS/MS. Of the 62 proteins identified several were cytoskeleton-endocytosis-associated including AnnexinA2 (AnxA2). Using an in vitro model of the human BBB where AnxA2 activity was blocked, we found that the lack of AnxA2 activity prevented the movement of S. cerevisiae across the BBB (i.e., transcytosis of Sc<CnMPR1> strain) but unexpectedly, TEM analysis revealed that AnxA2 was not required for the association or the internalization of Sc<CnMPR1>. Additionally, the co-localization of AnxA2 and Sc<CnMPR1> suggest that successful crossing of the BBB is dependent on an AxnA2-Mpr1-mediated interaction. Collectively the data suggest that AnxA2 plays a central role in fungal transcytosis in human brain microvascular endothelial cells. The movement and exocytosis of Sc<CnMPR1> is dependent on membrane trafficking events that involve AnxA2 but these events appear to be independent from the actions of AnxA2 at the host cell surface. We propose that Mpr1 activity promotes cytoskeleton remodeling in brain microvascular endothelial cells and thereby engages AnxA2 in order to facilitate fungal transcytosis of the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarisa Na Pombejra
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Genome and Biomedical Sciences Facility, University of California, DavisDavis, CA, United States
| | - Michelle Salemi
- Proteomics Core Facility, Genome and Biomedical Sciences Facility, University of California, DavisDavis, CA, United States
| | - Brett S Phinney
- Proteomics Core Facility, Genome and Biomedical Sciences Facility, University of California, DavisDavis, CA, United States
| | - Angie Gelli
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Genome and Biomedical Sciences Facility, University of California, DavisDavis, CA, United States
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Intracellular targeting of annexin A2 inhibits tumor cell adhesion, migration, and in vivo grafting. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4243. [PMID: 28652618 PMCID: PMC5484684 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03470-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoskeletal-associated proteins play an active role in coordinating the adhesion and migration machinery in cancer progression. To identify functional protein networks and potential inhibitors, we screened an internalizing phage (iPhage) display library in tumor cells, and selected LGRFYAASG as a cytosol-targeting peptide. By affinity purification and mass spectrometry, intracellular annexin A2 was identified as the corresponding binding protein. Consistently, annexin A2 and a cell-internalizing, penetratin-fused version of the selected peptide (LGRFYAASG-pen) co-localized and specifically accumulated in the cytoplasm at the cell edges and cell-cell contacts. Functionally, tumor cells incubated with LGRFYAASG-pen showed disruption of filamentous actin, focal adhesions and caveolae-mediated membrane trafficking, resulting in impaired cell adhesion and migration in vitro. These effects were paralleled by a decrease in the phosphorylation of both focal adhesion kinase (Fak) and protein kinase B (Akt). Likewise, tumor cells pretreated with LGRFYAASG-pen exhibited an impaired capacity to colonize the lungs in vivo in several mouse models. Together, our findings demonstrate an unrecognized functional link between intracellular annexin A2 and tumor cell adhesion, migration and in vivo grafting. Moreover, this work uncovers a new peptide motif that binds to and inhibits intracellular annexin A2 as a candidate therapeutic lead for potential translation into clinical applications.
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Rihan K, Antoine E, Maurin T, Bardoni B, Bordonné R, Soret J, Rage F. A new cis-acting motif is required for the axonal SMN-dependent Anxa2 mRNA localization. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 23:899-909. [PMID: 28258160 PMCID: PMC5435863 DOI: 10.1261/rna.056788.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is caused by mutations and/or deletions of the survival motor neuron gene (SMN1). Besides its function in the biogenesis of spliceosomal snRNPs, SMN might possess a motor neuron specific role and could function in the transport of axonal mRNAs and in the modulation of local protein translation. Accordingly, SMN colocalizes with axonal mRNAs of differentiated NSC-34 motor neuron-like cells. We recently showed that SMN depletion gives rise to a decrease in the axonal transport of the mRNAs encoding Annexin A2 (Anxa2). In this work, we have characterized the structural features of the Anxa2 mRNA required for its axonal targeting by SMN. We found that a G-rich motif located near the 3'UTR is essential for axonal localization of the Anxa2 transcript. We also show that mutations in the motif sequence abolish targeting of Anxa2 reporter mRNAs in axon-like structures of differentiated NSC-34 cells. Finally, localization of both wild-type and mutated Anxa2 reporters is restricted to the cell body in SMN-depleted cells. Altogether, our studies show that this G-motif represents a novel and essential determinant for axonal localization of the Anxa2 mRNA mediated by the SMN complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalil Rihan
- IGMM, CNRS, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Thomas Maurin
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Physiopathologie du Retard Mental, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Barbara Bardoni
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Physiopathologie du Retard Mental, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Rémy Bordonné
- IGMM, CNRS, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Johann Soret
- IGMM, CNRS, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Florence Rage
- IGMM, CNRS, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Konopka-Postupolska D, Clark G. Annexins as Overlooked Regulators of Membrane Trafficking in Plant Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E863. [PMID: 28422051 PMCID: PMC5412444 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Annexins are an evolutionary conserved superfamily of proteins able to bind membrane phospholipids in a calcium-dependent manner. Their physiological roles are still being intensively examined and it seems that, despite their general structural similarity, individual proteins are specialized toward specific functions. However, due to their general ability to coordinate membranes in a calcium-sensitive fashion they are thought to participate in membrane flow. In this review, we present a summary of the current understanding of cellular transport in plant cells and consider the possible roles of annexins in different stages of vesicular transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Konopka-Postupolska
- Plant Biochemistry Department, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 02-106, Poland.
| | - Greg Clark
- Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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48
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Annexin A2 is critical for blood-testis barrier integrity and spermatid disengagement in the mammalian testis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1864:527-545. [PMID: 27974247 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Throughout spermatogenesis, two important processes occur at late stage VIII of the seminiferous epithelial cycle in the rat testis: preleptotene spermatocytes commence entry into the adluminal compartment and step 19 spermatids release from the seminiferous epithelium. Presently, it is not clear how these processes, which involve extensive restructuring of unique Sertoli-Sertoli and Sertoli-germ cell junctions, are mediated. We aimed to determine whether annexin A2 (ANXA2), a Ca2+-dependent and phospholipid-binding protein, participates in cell junction dynamics. To address this, in vitro and in vivo RNA interference studies were performed on prepubertal Sertoli cells and adult rat testes. The endpoints of Anxa2 knockdown were determined by immunoblotting, morphological analyses, fluorescent immunostaining, and barrier integrity assays. In the testis, ANXA2 localized to the Sertoli cell stalk, with specific staining at the blood-testis barrier and the concave (ventral) surface of elongated spermatids. ANXA2 also bound actin when testis lysates were used for immunoprecipitation. Anxa2 knockdown was found to disrupt the Sertoli cell/blood-testis barrier in vitro and in vivo. The disruption in barrier function was substantiated by changes in the localization of claudin-11, zona occludens-1, N-cadherin, and β-catenin. Furthermore, Anxa2 knockdown resulted in spermiation defects caused by a dysfunction of tubulobulbar complexes, testis-specific actin-rich ultrastructures that internalize remnant cell junction components prior to spermiation. Additionally, there were changes in the localization of several tubulobulbar complex component proteins, including actin-related protein 3, cortactin, and dynamin I/II. Our results indicate that ANXA2 is critical for the integrity of the blood-testis barrier and the timely release of spermatids.
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49
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Benaud
- a Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique , UMR 6290, Equipe Labellisée Ligue 2014 , Rennes , France.,b Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1 , Rennes , France
| | - Claude Prigent
- a Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique , UMR 6290, Equipe Labellisée Ligue 2014 , Rennes , France.,b Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1 , Rennes , France
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50
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Van Blerkom J, Zimmermann S. Ganglioside-enriched microdomains define an oolemma that is functionally polarized with respect to fertilizability in the mouse. Reprod Biomed Online 2016; 33:458-475. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2016.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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