1
|
Ding X, Liu L, Yang G, Liu H. Dissociation Phenomenon of Erythrocyte Agglutination and Its Application to Assay of Functional Activity of the Complement System in Clinical Laboratory. J Clin Lab Anal 2024; 38:e25028. [PMID: 38506373 PMCID: PMC10997817 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.25028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to validate the dissociation phenomenon of erythrocyte agglutination which is based on erythrocyte fragments and to apply it in the functional activity assay of the complement system. METHODS The dissociation-agglutination effect of erythrocyte fragments was validated by detecting the number of free erythrocytes after the action of erythrocyte fragments on agglutinated erythrocytes. The number of free erythrocytes produced after hemolysis of agglutinated erythrocytes caused by complements and complement activators(CAs) was detected by auto hematology analyzer and the results were indicated by mean hemoglobin concentration of erythrocytes (MCHC). We optimized the test conditions and validated the inter-batch stability, explored the resolution of the assay method, and assayed for the total complement activity (AC) and the CAs activated complement activity (ACA) in serum from patients and healthy individual groups. RESULTS Erythrocyte fragments have a dissociative effect on agglutinated erythrocytes. The auto hematology analyzer was able to detect AC and ACA, where AC showed an inverse correlation with MCHC, and ACA demonstrated a positive correlation with MCHC. The inter-batch CV of AC, ACA, and ACA/AC was found to be 5%, 9%, and 11.7%, respectively, with good stability. The study found that serum samples from acute phase reaction patients showed significant differences in ACA compared with healthy individuals, with a p value of 0.018; serum samples from patients with nephrotic syndrome showed significant differences in AC, ACA, and ACA/AC compared with healthy individuals, with p values of 0.014, 0.002, and 0.041, respectively. CONCLUSION Erythrocyte fragments have dissociation-agglutination effect. The complement system immunological functional detection method, based on this effect, has potential clinical application value due to its sensitivity and accuracy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Ding
- College of Medical LaboratoryDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Lina Liu
- Second Afliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Guang Yang
- College of Medical LaboratoryDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Hui Liu
- College of Medical LaboratoryDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mondal S, Singh MP, Kumar A, Chattopadhyay S, Nandy A, Sthanikam Y, Pandey U, Koner D, Marisiddappa L, Banerjee S. Rapid Molecular Evaluation of Human Kidney Tissue Sections by In Situ Mass Spectrometry and Machine Learning to Classify the Nephrotic Syndrome. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:967-976. [PMID: 36696358 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is classified based on morphological changes of glomeruli in biopsied kidney tissues evaluated by time-consuming microscopy methods. In contrast, we employed desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) directly on renal biopsy specimens obtained from 37 NS patients to rapidly differentiate lipid profiles of three prevalent forms of NS: IgA nephropathy (n = 9), membranous glomerulonephritis (n = 7), and lupus nephritis (n = 8), along with other types of glomerular diseases (n = 13). As we noted molecular heterogeneity in regularly spaced renal tissue regions, multiple sections from each biopsy specimen were collected, providing a total of 973 samples for investigation. Using multivariate analysis, we report differential expressions of glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, and glycerolipids among the above four classes of NS kidneys, which were otherwise overlooked in several past studies correlating lipid abnormalities with glomerular diseases. We developed machine learning (ML) models with the top 100 features using the support vector machine, which enabled us to discriminate the concerned glomerular diseases with 100% overall accuracy in the training, validation, and holdout test set. This DESI-MS/ML-based tissue analysis can be completed in a few minutes, in sharp contrast to a daylong procedure followed in the conventional histopathology of NS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Supratim Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - Mithlesh Prasad Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - Anubhav Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - Sutirtha Chattopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - Abhijit Nandy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - Yeswanth Sthanikam
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - Uddeshya Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - Debasish Koner
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - Limesh Marisiddappa
- Department of Nephrology, St. John's Medical College Hospital, Bangalore 560034, India
| | - Shibdas Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
da Silva CA, Monteiro MLGDR, Araújo LS, Urzedo MG, Rocha LB, dos Reis MA, Machado JR. In situ evaluation of podocytes in patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and minimal change disease. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241745. [PMID: 33147279 PMCID: PMC7641434 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocyte injury in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and minimal change disease (MCD) results from the imbalance between adaptive responses that maintain homeostasis and cellular dysfunction that can culminate in cell death. Therefore, an in situ analysis was performed to detect morphological changes related to cell death and autophagy in renal biopsies from adult patients with podocytopathies. Forty-nine renal biopsies from patients with FSGS (n = 22) and MCD (n = 27) were selected. In situ expression of Wilms Tumor 1 protein (WT1), light chain microtubule 1-associated protein (LC3) and caspase-3 protein were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The foot process effacement and morphological alterations related to podocyte cell death and autophagy were analyzed with transmission electronic microscopy. Reduction in the density of WT1-labeled podocytes was observed for FSGS and MCD cases as compared to controls. Foot process width (FPW) in control group was lower than in cases of podocytopathies. In FSGS group, FPW was significantly higher than in MCD group and correlated with proteinuria. A density of LC3-labeled podocytes and the number of autophagosomes in podocytes/ pedicels were higher in the MCD group than in the FSGS group. The number of autophagosomes correlated positively with the estimated glomerular filtration rate in cases of MCD. The density of caspase-3-labeled podocytes in FSGS and MCD was higher than control group, and a higher number of podocytes with an evidence of necrosis was detected in FSGS cases than in MCD and control cases. Podocytes from patients diagnosed with FSGS showed more morphological and functional alterations resulting from a larger number of lesions and reduced cell adaptation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Crislaine Aparecida da Silva
- Department of Pathology, Genetics and Evolution, Discipline of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria Luíza Gonçalves dos Reis Monteiro
- Department of Pathology, Genetics and Evolution, Discipline of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Liliane Silvano Araújo
- Department of Pathology, Genetics and Evolution, Discipline of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Monise Gini Urzedo
- Department of Pathology, Genetics and Evolution, Discipline of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lenaldo Branco Rocha
- Department of Pathology, Genetics and Evolution, Discipline of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marlene Antônia dos Reis
- Department of Pathology, Genetics and Evolution, Discipline of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Juliana Reis Machado
- Department of Pathology, Genetics and Evolution, Discipline of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hejazian SM, Zununi Vahed S, Moghaddas Sani H, Nariman-Saleh-Fam Z, Bastami M, Hosseiniyan Khatibi SM, Ardalan M, Samadi N. Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome: pharmacogenetics and epigenetic points and views. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2020; 13:147-156. [PMID: 31847609 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2020.1702877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Glucocorticoids (GCs) are the first-line therapy for patients with nephrotic syndrome (NS), a common glomerular disease, that cause complete remission in most of the cases. In response to the treatment, NS patients are divided into glucocorticoid-sensitive and -resistant. This variation is due to the differences in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of GCs in each patient that affect the response to the treatment modality. Since the genetic variations in drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporter proteins significantly impact the pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety of the applied medications, this review highlights the basic mechanisms of genetic variations involved in GCs metabolism in drug-resistant NS patients.Areas covered: This review explains the pharmacogenetic variations that influence the profile of GCs responses and their pharmacokinetics in NS patients. Moreover, the epigenetic variations including histone modifications and miRNA gene regulation that have an influence on GCs responses will review. A comprehensive literature search was performed using different keywords to the reviewed topics.Expert opinion: The accumulative data suggest the importance of pharmacogenetic studies to develop personalized therapies and increase the GCs responsiveness in these patients. It is imperative to know that genetic testing does not give absolute answers to all existing questions in steroid resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyede Mina Hejazian
- Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Hakimeh Moghaddas Sani
- Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ziba Nariman-Saleh-Fam
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Milad Bastami
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | | | - Nasser Samadi
- Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zheng J, Zhang S, Chen H, Cai X, Zhang C, Li S, Zhou Y, Shang J, Liang S, Yao F. Protosappanin-A and oleanolic acid protect injured podocytes from apoptosis through inhibition of AKT-mTOR signaling. Cell Biol Int 2020; 44:189-199. [PMID: 31441181 PMCID: PMC6973098 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Protosappanin-A (PrA) and oleanolic acid (OA), which are important effective ingredients isolated from Caesalpinia sappan L., exhibit therapeutic potential in multiple diseases. This study focused on exploring the mechanisms of PrA and OA function in podocyte injury. An in vitro model of podocyte injury was induced by the sC5b-9 complex and assays such as cell viability, apoptosis, immunofluorescence, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and western blot were performed to further investigate the effects and mechanisms of PrA and OA in podocyte injury. The models of podocyte injury were verified to be successful as seen through significantly decreased levels of nephrin, podocin, and CD2AP and increased level of desmin. The sC5b-9-induced podocyte apoptosis was inhibited in injured podocytes treated with PrA and OA, accompanied by increased protein levels of nephrin, podocin, CD2AP, and Bcl2 and decreased levels of desmin and Bax. The p-AKT/p-mTOR levels were also reduced by treatment of PrA and OA while AKT/mTOR was unaltered. Further, the effects of PrA and OA on injured podocytes were similar to that of LY294002 (a PI3K-AKT inhibitor). PrA and OA were also seen to inhibit podocyte apoptosis and p-AKT/p-mTOR levels induced by IGF-1 (a PI3K-AKT activator). Our data demonstrate that PrA and OA can protect podocytes from injury or apoptosis, which may occur through inhibition of the abnormal activation of AKT-mTOR signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Zheng
- Department of NephrologyHeilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese MedicineHarbinHeilongjiang150036PR China
| | - Shoulin Zhang
- Department of NephrologyThe Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese MedicineChangchunJilin130021PR China
| | - Huijun Chen
- Department of CardiologyThe Second Hospital Affiliated Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese MedicineHarbinHeilongjiang150009PR China
| | - Xiaojun Cai
- Department of NephrologyHeilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese MedicineHarbinHeilongjiang150036PR China
| | - Chunjian Zhang
- Department of NephrologyHeilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese MedicineHarbinHeilongjiang150036PR China
| | - Shuhua Li
- Department of NephrologyHeilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese MedicineHarbinHeilongjiang150036PR China
| | - Yabin Zhou
- Department of CardiologyThe First Hospital Affiliated Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese MedicineHarbinHeilongjiang150040PR China
| | - Jing Shang
- Department of NephrologyHeilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese MedicineHarbinHeilongjiang150036PR China
| | - Shunyu Liang
- Department of NephrologyHeilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese MedicineHarbinHeilongjiang150036PR China
| | - Fengzhen Yao
- Department of NephrologyHeilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese MedicineHarbinHeilongjiang150040PR China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Evaluation of the Diagnostic Potential of uPAR as a Biomarker in Renal Biopsies of Patients with FSGS. DISEASE MARKERS 2019; 2019:1070495. [PMID: 31191741 PMCID: PMC6525920 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1070495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Minimal change disease (MCD) and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) are primary glomerulopathies leading to proteinuria, known as podocytopathies, which share syndromic and morphological similarities. Morphological similarity occurs in cases of FSGS in which the sclerotic lesion was not sampled in renal biopsy, due to the focal nature of the disease. Differentiating these entities is very important, especially in cases of suspected FSGS but with sclerotic lesion not sampled, as they are diseases that apparently have different pathogenic mechanisms and prognosis. The difference in uPAR expression in situ among these two entities may be related to a distinct molecular mechanism involved in pathogenesis. Thus, finding biomarkers involved in the pathogenesis and that can also help in differential diagnosis is very relevant. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) as a biomarker in renal biopsies of patients with podocytopathies (n = 38). Immunohistochemistry showed that FSGS (n = 22) had increased uPAR expression in podocytes compared with both the MCD group (n = 16; p = 0.0368) and control group (n = 21; p = 0.0076). ROC curve (p = 0.008) showed that this biomarker has 80.95% of specificity in biopsies of patients with FSGS. Therefore, uPAR presented a high specificity in cases of podocytopathies associated with sclerosis and it can be considered a potential biomarker for FSGS.
Collapse
|
7
|
Song IH, Jung KJ, Lee TJ, Kim JY, Sung EG, Bae YC, Park YH. Mesenchymal stem cells attenuate adriamycin-induced nephropathy by diminishing oxidative stress and inflammation via downregulation of the NF-kB. Nephrology (Carlton) 2018; 23:483-492. [PMID: 28326639 DOI: 10.1111/nep.13047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to evaluate the molecular mechanism mitigating progress of chronic nephropathy by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). METHODS Rats were divided into normal control (Normal), adriamycin (ADR)+vehicle (CON), and ADR+MSC (MSC) groups. Nephropathy was induced by ADR (4 mg/kg) and MSCs (2 × 106 ) were injected. Rats were euthanized 1 or 6 weeks after ADR injection. NF-kB, MAPKs, inflammation, oxidative stress, profibrotic molecules, and nephrin expression were evaluated. Electron and light microscopy were used for structural analysis. MSCs were co-cultured with renal tubular epithelial cells or splenocytes to evaluate relation with oxidative stress and inflammatory molecules RESULTS: Adriamycin treatment upregulated inflammation, oxidative stress, and profibrotic molecules; this was mitigated by MSCs. Glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis were observed in ADR-treated groups, and were more prominent in the CON group than in the MSC group. Fusion of foot processes and loss of slit diaphragms were also more prominent in the CON group than in the MSC group. In vitro, MSCs reduced oxidative stress related molecules, inflammatory cytokines, and NF-kB transcription. MSC- or ADR-induced regulation of NF-kB transcriptional activity was confirmed by a luciferase reporter assay. CONCLUSIONS Mesenchymal stem cells attenuate ADR-induced nephropathy by diminishing oxidative stress and inflammation via downregulation of NF-kB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- In-Hwan Song
- Department of Anatomy, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Kyong-Jin Jung
- Department of Anatomy, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Tae-Jin Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Joo-Young Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Eon-Gi Sung
- Department of Anatomy, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Young Chul Bae
- Pediatrics, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Yong Hoon Park
- Department of Anatomy, Kyungpook National University School of Dentistry, Daegu, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jung YJ, Cho HY, Cho S, Kim YH, Jeon JD, Kim YJ, Lee S, Park J, Kim HY, Park YW, Kwon JY. The Level of Serum and Urinary Nephrin in Normal Pregnancy and Pregnancy with Subsequent Preeclampsia. Yonsei Med J 2017; 58:401-406. [PMID: 28120572 PMCID: PMC5290021 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2017.58.2.401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate serum and urinary nephrin levels of normal pregnancy to establish a standard reference value and to compare them with patients who subsequently developed preeclampsia (PE). MATERIALS AND METHODS In this prospective study, 117 healthy singleton pregnancies were enrolled between 6 to 20 weeks of gestation at 2 participating medical centers during October 2010 to March 2012. Urine and serum samples were collected at the time of enrollment, each trimester, and at 4 to 6 weeks postpartum. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for nephrin was performed and samples from patients who subsequently developed PE were compared to the normal patients. RESULTS Of 117 patients initially enrolled, 99 patients delivered at the study centers and of those patients, 12 (12.1%) developed PE at a median gestational age of 34⁺⁴ weeks (range 29⁺⁵-36⁺⁶). In the normal patients (n=68), serum nephrin level decreased and urinary nephrin level increased during the latter of pregnancy. In 12 patients who subsequently developed PE, a significant rise in the 3rd trimester serum and urinary nephrin levels, compared to the controls, was observed (p<0.001), and this increase occurred 9 days prior to the onset of clinical disease. CONCLUSION As the onset of PE was preceded by the rise in the serum and urinary nephrin in comparison to normal pregnancy, serum and urinary nephrin may be a useful predictive marker of PE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ji Jung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Young Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sihyun Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Han Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Dong Jeon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MizMedi Women's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Jin Kim
- Department of Bioanalysis, Seoul Medical Science Institute & Seoul Clinical Laboratories, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sanghoo Lee
- Department of Bioanalysis, Seoul Medical Science Institute & Seoul Clinical Laboratories, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jimyeong Park
- Department of Bioanalysis, Seoul Medical Science Institute & Seoul Clinical Laboratories, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ha Yan Kim
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Won Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ja Young Kwon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Stangou M, Spartalis Μ, Daikidou DV, Kouloukourgiotou T, Sampani E, Lambropoulou IT, Pantzaki A, Papagianni Α, Efstratiadis G. Impact of Τh1 and Τh2 cytokines in the progression of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome due to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and minimal change disease. J Nephropathol 2016; 6:187-195. [PMID: 28975100 PMCID: PMC5607982 DOI: 10.15171/jnp.2017.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differential diagnosis between primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and minimal change disease (MCD) is sometimes difficult as nephrotic syndrome is the main clinical symptom in both diseases. OBJECTIVES This study has attempted to evaluate the urinary excretion of Th1 and Th2 cytokines as potential biomarkers in distinguishing the two types of nephrotic syndrome, and predicting outcome of renal function. PATIENTS AND METHODS Thirty-six patients with FSGS (M/F 22/14, Age; 41.9 ± 17 years, SCr=1.7 ± 0.8 mg/dL, UProt=4.7 ± 5.5 g/24 h), and 21 with MCD (M/F 5/16, Age; 41.4 ± 15 years, SCr = 1 ± 0.4 mg/dL, UProt = 7.9 ± 9.3 g/24 h) were included in the study. Τh1 (IL-2, IL-12, GM-CSF, INF-γ, TNF-α) and Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13) were measured by multiple cytokine assay, Luminex technology, in first morning urinary samples collected at the day of renal biopsy. RESULTS No significant differences in urinary excretion of all cytokines were found between FSGS and MCD patients. In FSGS however, IL-12 urinary levels were independent factor correlated with both global sclerosis (R = 0.5, P = 0.009) and interstitial fibrosis (R = 0.5, P = 0.02). Th1 cytokines (IL-2 and GM-CSF) were significantly increased in FSGS patients who did not respond to treatment (P = 0.03 and P = 0.007, respectively). Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13) were significantly increased in MCD patients with frequent relapses (P = 0.05, P = 0.001, P = 0.01, P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Urinary excretion of Th1 and Th2 cytokines cannot discriminate FSGS from MCD. Th1 cytokines, especially IL-12, IL-2 and GM-CSF, may be involved in pathology and progression of FSGS, while Th2 cytokines are implicated in frequent relapses of nephrotic syndrome in MCD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Stangou
- Department of Nephrology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Μichael Spartalis
- Department of Nephrology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitra-Vasilia Daikidou
- Department of Nephrology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theodora Kouloukourgiotou
- Department of Nephrology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Erasmia Sampani
- Department of Nephrology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Afroditi Pantzaki
- Department of Pathology, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece Original Article
| | - Αikaterini Papagianni
- Department of Nephrology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George Efstratiadis
- Department of Nephrology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Minimal change nephrotic syndrome and prohibitin-2 gene polymorphism. Clin Exp Nephrol 2016; 21:665-670. [PMID: 27812762 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-016-1325-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) often also have allergic diseases. Abnormalities of Th2-derived cytokines and T-cell functions contribute to development of these diseases. On the other hand, imbalances between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants have been implicated in MCNS and progression of atopic dermatitis. ROS, produced mainly within mitochondria, subject cells to oxidative stress, while prohibitin 2 protects mitochondria by increasing tolerance to ROS. Additionally, podocin, a member of the slit diaphragm protein complex, contains PHB-like domain that serves as a signaling platform regulating podocyte function through associated transmembrane proteins. PATIENTS AND METHOD Then, we performed exome sequencing analysis in five patients with frequently relapsing their MCNS associated with allergic disease and serum IgE concentrations of 2000 IU/L or higher. RESULTS We detected a heterozygous prohibitin 2 polymorphism, c.873-3_873-2 delCA (rs111523336), in 1 patient. This mutation in exon 9 caused frameshifts in regions connected to splicing sites, where they could disrupt transcription of prohibitin 2. Frequency of this polymorphism in exon 9 is 7.3% among Japanese. Increase in peripheral blood ROS even MCNS remission state suggests the heterozygous prohibitin 2 variant may contribute to give more susceptibility towards the recurrence of MCNS as well as atopic skin disease. This increase may have progression of atopic dermatitis, which sometimes heralded. CONCLUSION The prohibitin-2 polymorphism may reduce ROS tolerance in glomerular epithelium and led to high local exposure to ROS, increasing permeability of the glomerular basement membrane to result in proteinuria. Imbalance between ROS and antioxidants together with failure of signal transduction in the glomerular slit membrane caused by prohibitin 2 abnormality could have contributed to nephrotic syndrome in our patients. Prohibitin 2 analysis is needed in additional MCNS patients with concomitant allergic disease.
Collapse
|
11
|
Min HS, Cha JJ, Kim K, Kim JE, Ghee JY, Kim H, Lee JE, Han JY, Jeong LS, Cha DR, Kang YS. Renoprotective Effects of a Highly Selective A3 Adenosine Receptor Antagonist in a Mouse Model of Adriamycin-induced Nephropathy. J Korean Med Sci 2016; 31:1403-12. [PMID: 27510383 PMCID: PMC4974181 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2016.31.9.1403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The concentration of adenosine in the normal kidney increases markedly during renal hypoxia, ischemia, and inflammation. A recent study reported that an A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR) antagonist attenuated the progression of renal fibrosis. The adriamycin (ADX)-induced nephropathy model induces podocyte injury, which results in severe proteinuria and progressive glomerulosclerosis. In this study, we investigated the preventive effect of a highly selective A3AR antagonist (LJ1888) in ADX-induced nephropathy. Three groups of six-week-old Balb/c mice were treated with ADX (11 mg/kg) for four weeks and LJ1888 (10 mg/kg) for two weeks as following: 1) control; 2) ADX; and 3) ADX + LJ1888. ADX treatment decreased body weight without a change in water and food intake, but this was ameliorated by LJ1888 treatment. Interestingly, LJ1888 lowered plasma creatinine level, proteinuria, and albuminuria, which had increased during ADX treatment. Furthermore, LJ1888 inhibited urinary nephrin excretion as a podocyte injury marker, and urine 8-isoprostane and kidney lipid peroxide concentration, which are markers of oxidative stress, increased after injection of ADX. ADX also induced the activation of proinflammatory and profibrotic molecules such as TGF-β1, MCP-1, PAI-1, type IV collagen, NF-κB, NOX4, TLR4, TNFα, IL-1β, and IFN-γ, but they were remarkably suppressed after LJ1888 treatment. In conclusion, our results suggest that LJ1888 has a renoprotective effect in ADX-induced nephropathy, which might be associated with podocyte injury through oxidative stress. Therefore, LJ1888, a selective A3AR antagonist, could be considered as a potential therapeutic agent in renal glomerular diseases which include podocyte injury and proteinuria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye Sook Min
- Department of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Jin Joo Cha
- Department of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Kitae Kim
- Department of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Jung Eun Kim
- Department of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Jung Yeon Ghee
- Department of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Hyunwook Kim
- Department of Nephrology, Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital, Gunpo, Korea
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- Department of Nephrology, Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital, Gunpo, Korea
| | - Jee Young Han
- Department of Pathology, Inha University Medical College, Incheon, Korea
| | - Lak Shin Jeong
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae Ryong Cha
- Department of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Young Sun Kang
- Department of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Szalay CI, Erdélyi K, Kökény G, Lajtár E, Godó M, Révész C, Kaucsár T, Kiss N, Sárközy M, Csont T, Krenács T, Szénási G, Pacher P, Hamar P. Oxidative/Nitrative Stress and Inflammation Drive Progression of Doxorubicin-Induced Renal Fibrosis in Rats as Revealed by Comparing a Normal and a Fibrosis-Resistant Rat Strain. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127090. [PMID: 26086199 PMCID: PMC4473269 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic renal fibrosis is the final common pathway of end stage renal disease caused by glomerular or tubular pathologies. Genetic background has a strong influence on the progression of chronic renal fibrosis. We recently found that Rowett black hooded rats were resistant to renal fibrosis. We aimed to investigate the role of sustained inflammation and oxidative/nitrative stress in renal fibrosis progression using this new model. Our previous data suggested the involvement of podocytes, thus we investigated renal fibrosis initiated by doxorubicin-induced (5 mg/kg) podocyte damage. Doxorubicin induced progressive glomerular sclerosis followed by increasing proteinuria and reduced bodyweight gain in fibrosis-sensitive, Charles Dawley rats during an 8-week long observation period. In comparison, the fibrosis-resistant, Rowett black hooded rats had longer survival, milder proteinuria and reduced tubular damage as assessed by neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) excretion, reduced loss of the slit diaphragm protein, nephrin, less glomerulosclerosis, tubulointerstitial fibrosis and matrix deposition assessed by periodic acid–Schiff, Picro-Sirius-red staining and fibronectin immunostaining. Less fibrosis was associated with reduced profibrotic transforming growth factor-beta, (TGF-β1) connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), and collagen type I alpha 1 (COL-1a1) mRNA levels. Milder inflammation demonstrated by histology was confirmed by less monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) mRNA. As a consequence of less inflammation, less oxidative and nitrative stress was obvious by less neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 (p47phox) and NADPH oxidase-2 (p91phox) mRNA. Reduced oxidative enzyme expression was accompanied by less lipid peroxidation as demonstrated by 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) and less protein nitrosylation demonstrated by nitrotyrosine (NT) immunohistochemistry and quantified by Western blot. Our results demonstrate that mediators of fibrosis, inflammation and oxidative/nitrative stress were suppressed in doxorubicin nephropathy in fibrosis-resistant Rowett black hooded rats underlying the importance of these pathomechanisms in the progression of renal fibrosis initiated by glomerular podocyte damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Imre Szalay
- Semmelweis University, Institute of Pathophysiology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Erdélyi
- National Institute of Health (NIH/NIAAA/DICBR), Laboratory of Physiological Studies, Section on Oxidative Stress and Tissue Injury, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Gábor Kökény
- Semmelweis University, Institute of Pathophysiology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Enikő Lajtár
- Semmelweis University, Institute of Pathophysiology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mária Godó
- Semmelweis University, Institute of Pathophysiology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Révész
- Semmelweis University, Institute of Pathophysiology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Kaucsár
- Semmelweis University, Institute of Pathophysiology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Norbert Kiss
- Semmelweis University, Institute of Pathophysiology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márta Sárközy
- University of Szeged, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás Csont
- University of Szeged, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tibor Krenács
- 1 Semmelweis University, Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research; MTA-SE Tumor Progression Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Szénási
- Semmelweis University, Institute of Pathophysiology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Pál Pacher
- National Institute of Health (NIH/NIAAA/DICBR), Laboratory of Physiological Studies, Section on Oxidative Stress and Tissue Injury, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Péter Hamar
- Semmelweis University, Institute of Pathophysiology, Budapest, Hungary
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gemigliptin improves renal function and attenuates podocyte injury in mice with diabetic nephropathy. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 761:116-24. [PMID: 25977232 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Podocytes participate in the formation and regulation of the glomerular filtration barrier. Loss of podocytes occurs during the early stages of diabetic nephropathy and impairs glomerular filtration. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are widely used as anti-diabetic agents in clinical practice. In this study, we showed that gemigliptin, a novel DPP-4 inhibitor, reduced podocyte apoptosis in type 2 diabetic db/db mice without reducing hyperglycemia. Gemigliptin (100mg/kg/day) was administered orally for 12 weeks in db/db mice. Blood glucose levels and albuminuria were measured. The renal cortex was collected for histological examination, and molecular assays were used to detect 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), and integrin-linked kinase (ILK). Type 2 diabetic db/db mice exhibited albuminuria, renal histopathological changes, and podocyte loss. Administration of gemigliptin to db/db mice suppressed albuminuria, enzyme activity and expression of DPP-4, and podocyte apoptosis. The effect of gemigliptin on diabetes-induced podocyte loss was associated with the suppression of oxidative damage, AOPP accumulation, RAGE expression, and ILK expression. These results indicate the possible benefits of using gemigliptin in diabetes patients to treat renal impairment without affecting glycemic control.
Collapse
|
14
|
An implication of relationship between tuberculosis and primary nephrotic syndrome. Int J Artif Organs 2015; 38:178-83. [PMID: 25952994 DOI: 10.5301/ijao.5000402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There have been few observations on the concurrence of tuberculosis (TB) and primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS). We try to define their relationship from multiple aspects. METHODS Patients with PNS (n = 386), secondary nephrotic syndrome (SNS, n = 60), pneumonia (n = 196), and TB (n = 156) were enrolled. Through a novel evaluation system, the evidence of TB infection (clinical, laboratory, and radiographic evidence) was classified into 5 levels: lack of evidence (level 0), mild-to-moderate evidence (level 1-2), strong evidence (level 3-4). Additionally, whether TB infection was primary or secondary to long-term steroid therapy for PNS was recorded. RESULTS Through the evaluation system, 42.24% (68/161) of PNS inpatients had evidence of TB level 1-4, more than those in SNS (23.33%, P = .788) or pneumonia (22.45%, P = .004); 9.32% (15/161) PNS inpatients had evidence of level 3-4, who should be considered as having TB; 13 of the 15 patients had TB before the onset of PNS; 61.75%(96/153) PNS inpatients were abnormal on chest imaging. In the TB group, 28.21% (44/156) patients had abnormal urinalysis, more than those in the pneumonia group (8.16%, 16/196, P<0.001). TB-related symptoms were seldom seen in PNS inpatients (cough 26.1%, fever 6.8%; night sweats, fatigue, and weight loss were negative). CONCLUSIONS Around 10% of PNS in children has an association with TB infection that preceded the onset of PNS.
Collapse
|
15
|
Glomerular endothelial cell injury and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis lesion in idiopathic membranous nephropathy. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116700. [PMID: 25875837 PMCID: PMC4398543 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) lesions have often been discussed as a negative predictor in idopathic membranous nephropathy (MN). The mechanism of the development of FSGS lesion in MN is still uncertain. Methods From 250 cases of MN, 26 cases contained FSGS lesion. We compared the clinicopathological characteristics between MN cases with FSGS lesion [MN-FSGS(+)] and MN without FSGS lesion [MN-FSGS(−)], matched for gender, age, stage of MN. Results The glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was significantly lower in MN-FSGS(+) cases compared to MN-FSGS(−), although nephrotic syndrome, hematuria, and systolic blood pressure levels were not significantly different between the two groups. Pathologically, glomeruli in MN-FSGS(+) cases showed narrowing and loss of glomerular capillaries with separating from GBM or disappearance of CD34+ endothelial cells, and accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) in capillary walls, indicating the development of glomerular capillary injury. These findings of endothelial injury were seen even in MN-FSGS(−) cases, but they were more prominent in MN-FSGS(+) than MN-FSGS(−) by computer assessed morphometric analysis. In MN-FSGS(+) cases, 44 out of 534 glomeruli (8.2%) contained FSGS lesions (n = 31, NOS lesion; n = 13, perihilar lesion). Significant thickness of GBM with ECM accumulation was evident in MN-FSGS(+) cases. Podocyte injury with effacement of foot processes was also noted, but the expression of VEGF on podocytes was not different between the two groups, which suggests that the significant thickness of capillary walls may influence the function of VEGF from podocyte resulting in the glomerular capillary injury that contribute to the development of FSGS lesion in MN. Conclusion Glomerular capillary injury was seen in all MN cases. Furthermore, the prominent injuries of glomerular capillaries may be associated with the deterioration of eGFR and the formation of FSGS lesions in MN.
Collapse
|
16
|
Chen XP, Lei FY, Qin YH, Zhou TB, Jiang L, Zhao YJ, Huang WF, Peng QL. The role of retinoic acid receptors in the signal pathway of all-trans retinoic acid-induced differentiation in adriamycin-induced podocyte injury. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2014; 34:484-92. [PMID: 24846581 DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2014.920394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
17
|
Mainini V, Pagni F, Ferrario F, Pieruzzi F, Grasso M, Stella A, Cattoretti G, Magni F. MALDI imaging mass spectrometry in glomerulonephritis: feasibility study. Histopathology 2014; 64:901-6. [DOI: 10.1111/his.12337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Mainini
- Proteomics Unit; Department of Health Sciences; University Milano-Bicocca; Monza Italy
| | - Fabio Pagni
- Department of Pathology; University Milano-Bicocca; San Gerardo Hospital; Monza Italy
| | - Franco Ferrario
- Department of Pathology; University Milano-Bicocca; San Gerardo Hospital; Monza Italy
| | - Federico Pieruzzi
- Department of Nephrology; University Milano-Bicocca; San Gerardo Hospital; Monza Italy
| | - Marco Grasso
- Department of Urology; San Gerardo Hospital; Monza Italy
| | - Andrea Stella
- Department of Nephrology; University Milano-Bicocca; San Gerardo Hospital; Monza Italy
| | - Giorgio Cattoretti
- Department of Pathology; University Milano-Bicocca; San Gerardo Hospital; Monza Italy
| | - Fulvio Magni
- Proteomics Unit; Department of Health Sciences; University Milano-Bicocca; Monza Italy
| |
Collapse
|