1
|
Cote SE, Wagshul M, Foley FW, Picone MA, Lipton M, Lee JS, Holtzer R. Frontal-striatal tract integrity and depression in older adults with and without multiple sclerosis. Neurol Sci 2024; 45:3359-3368. [PMID: 38289560 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-024-07316-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lower white matter integrity of frontal-subcortical circuitry has been associated with late-life depression in normally aging older adults and with the presence of multiple sclerosis (MS). Frontal-striatal white matter tracts involved in executive, cognitive, emotion, and motor function may underlie depression in older adults with MS. The present study examined the association between depression score and frontal-striatal white matter integrity in older adults with MS and controls. METHODS Older adults with MS (OAMS) (n = 67, mean age = 64.55 ± 3.89) and controls (n = 74, mean age = 69.04 ± 6.32) underwent brain MRI, cognitive assessment, psychological, and motoric testing. Depression was assessed through the 30-item Geriatric Depression Scale. Fractional anisotropy (FA) was extracted from two bilateral tracts: dorsolateral prefrontal cortex to putamen nucleus (DLPFC-pn) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex to caudate nucleus (DLPFC-cn). RESULTS OAMS reported significantly worse (i.e., higher) depression symptoms (β = .357, p < .001) compared to healthy controls. Adjusted moderation analyses revealed, via group by FA interactions, significantly stronger associations between FA of the left DLPFC-pn tract and total depression (B = - 61.70, p = .011) among OAMS compared to controls. Conditional effects revealed that lower FA of the left DLPFC-pn was significantly associated with worse (i.e., higher) depression symptoms (b = - 38.0, p = .028) only among OAMS. The other three tracts were not significant in moderation models. CONCLUSIONS We provided first evidence that lower white matter integrity of the left DLPFC-pn tract was related to worse depression in older adults with MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Cote
- Department of Psychology, Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - Mark Wagshul
- Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Gruss Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Frederick W Foley
- Department of Psychology, Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Mary Anne Picone
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Holy Name Medical Center, Teaneck, NJ, USA
| | - Michael Lipton
- Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Gruss Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jimmy S Lee
- Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Gruss Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Roee Holtzer
- Department of Psychology, Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Vuković M, Nosek I, Boban J, Kozić D. Pineal gland volume loss in females with multiple sclerosis. Front Neuroanat 2024; 18:1386295. [PMID: 38813079 PMCID: PMC11133707 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2024.1386295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Multiple sclerosis has a complex pathophysiology, and numerous risk factors can contribute to its development, like exposure to sunlight that is associated with serum levels of melatonin. The aim of this study was to determine whether the volume of the pineal gland, assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), correlated with the presence of multiple sclerosis. Methods This retrospective study included a total of 394 patients. Subjects were divided into two groups: the first group consisted of 188 patients with a definite diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (based on revised McDonald criteria) and the second group consisted of 206 healthy controls. To examine the influence of age on pineal gland volume, we stratified the whole sample into three age groups: first involved patients under 20 years, second patients between 20 and 40 years, and third group included patients over 40 years. The maximum length (L) and height (H) of the pineal gland were measured on the T1-weighted sagittal images, and the width (W) was measured on the T2-weighted coronal or axial images. The volume of the gland was calculated as an approximation to an ellipse, according to the formula V = (L × H × W)/2. Results Pineal gland volume of female multiple sclerosis (MS) patients (N = 129) was significantly lower than in healthy females (N = 123) (p = 0.013; p < 0.05), unlike in males where there is not such difference. Also, pineal gland volume is not age-dependent, and the observed smaller pineal gland in MS patients can reliably be attributed to the disease itself. Additionally, large pineal gland size, especially over 62.83 mm3 when compared to pineal gland volume below 31.85 mm3 is associated with more than double reduced risk of multiple sclerosis (OR 0.42; p = 0.003). Discussion Our results suggest that women with multiple sclerosis have smaller pineal glands that can theoretically be explained by a lack of input stimuli and the resultant decrease in gland volume. Additionally, the risk of multiple sclerosis is reduced in larger pineal gland volumes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miloš Vuković
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
- Department for Radiology Diagnostics, Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, Sremska Kamenica, Serbia
| | - Igor Nosek
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
- Department for Radiology Diagnostics, Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, Sremska Kamenica, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Boban
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
- Department for Radiology Diagnostics, Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, Sremska Kamenica, Serbia
| | - Duško Kozić
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
- Department for Radiology Diagnostics, Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, Sremska Kamenica, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rook J, Llufriu S, de Kok D, Rofes A. Language impairments in people with autoimmune neurological diseases: A scoping review. JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION DISORDERS 2023; 106:106368. [PMID: 37717472 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2023.106368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Autoimmune neurological diseases (ANDs) are a specific type of autoimmune disease that affect cells within the central and peripheral nervous system. ANDs trigger various physical/neuropsychiatric symptoms. However, language impairments in people with ANDs are not well characterized. Here we aimed to determine the kinds of language impairment that most commonly emerge in 10 ANDs, the characteristics of the patients (demographic, neurological damage), and the assessment methods used. METHODS We followed the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). PubMed and Google Scholar were searched. We used a list of search terms containing 10 types of ANDs (e.g., multiple sclerosis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis) in combination with the terms aphasia, dysphasia, fluency, language, listening, morphology, phonology, pragmatics, reading, semantics, speaking, syntax, writing. The reference lists and citations of the relevant papers were also investigated. The type of AND, patient characteristics, neurological damage and examination technique, language tests administered, and main findings were noted for each study meeting the inclusion criteria. RESULTS We found 171 studies meeting our inclusion criteria. These comprised group studies and case studies. Language impairments differed largely among types of ANDs. Neurological findings were mentioned in most of the papers, but specific language tests were rarely used. CONCLUSIONS Language symptoms in people with ANDs are commonly reported. These are often not full descriptions or only focus on specific time points in the course of the disease. Future research needs to assess specific language functions in people with ANDs and relate their language impairments to brain damage at different stages of disease evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janine Rook
- Center for Language and Cognition, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Research School of Behavioural and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sara Llufriu
- Center of Neuroimmunology, Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dörte de Kok
- Center for Language and Cognition, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Adrià Rofes
- Center for Language and Cognition, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Farrel A, Li P, Veenbergen S, Patel K, Maris JM, Leonard WJ. ROGUE: an R Shiny app for RNA sequencing analysis and biomarker discovery. BMC Bioinformatics 2023; 24:303. [PMID: 37516886 PMCID: PMC10386769 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-023-05420-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The growing power and ever decreasing cost of RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) technologies have resulted in an explosion of RNA-Seq data production. Comparing gene expression values within RNA-Seq datasets is relatively easy for many interdisciplinary biomedical researchers; however, user-friendly software applications increase the ability of biologists to efficiently explore available datasets. RESULTS Here, we describe ROGUE (RNA-Seq Ontology Graphic User Environment, https://marisshiny. RESEARCH chop.edu/ROGUE/ ), a user-friendly R Shiny application that allows a biologist to perform differentially expressed gene analysis, gene ontology and pathway enrichment analysis, potential biomarker identification, and advanced statistical analyses. We use ROGUE to identify potential biomarkers and show unique enriched pathways between various immune cells. CONCLUSIONS User-friendly tools for the analysis of next generation sequencing data, such as ROGUE, will allow biologists to efficiently explore their datasets, discover expression patterns, and advance their research by allowing them to develop and test hypotheses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alvin Farrel
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Peng Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sharon Veenbergen
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Khushbu Patel
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John M Maris
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Warren J Leonard
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Intrathecal B cell-related markers for an optimized biological investigation of multiple sclerosis patients. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16425. [PMID: 36180495 PMCID: PMC9525661 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19811-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In multiple sclerosis (MS) disease, the importance of the intrathecal B cell response classically revealed as IgG oligoclonal bands (OCB) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was reaffirmed again in the recently revised diagnostic criteria. We aimed to optimize Laboratory investigation by testing the performance of new B cell-related molecules in CSF (Ig free light chains (FLCκ and λ) and CXCL13 (B-Cell Attracting chemokine1)) for MS diagnosis. 320 paired (CSF-serum) samples were collected from 160 patients with MS (n = 82) and non-MS diseases (n = 78). All patients benefited from IgG index determination, OCB detection, CSF CXCL13 and FLC (κ and λ) measurement in CSF and serum for metrics calculation (κ/λ ratio, FLC-related indexes, and κFLC-intrathecal fraction (IF)). CXCL13 and FLC metrics in CSF were higher in patients with MS and positive OCB. As expected, κFLC metrics—in particular, κFLC index and κFLC IF—had the highest accuracy for MS diagnosis. κ index showed the best performance (sensitivity 83% and specificity 91.7%) at a cut-off of 14.9. Most of the FLC-related parameters were positively correlated with IgG index and the level of CXCL13. In conclusion, the quantitative, standardizable, and technically simple CSF FLCκ metrics seem to be reliable for MS diagnosis, but could not replace OCB detection. CXCL13 appears to be an effective parameter reflecting the intrathecal B cell response. An optimized way for CSF testing combining the conventional and the new B cell-related parameters is proposed in this study.
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Progress in neuroimmunology established that the nervous and the immune systems are two functionally related physiological systems. Unique sensory and immune receptors enable them to control interactions of the organism with the inner and the outer worlds. Both systems undergo an experience-driven selection process during their ontogeny. They share the same mediators/neurotransmitters and use synapses for intercellular communication. They keep a memory of previous experiences. Immune cells can affect nervous cells, nervous cells can affect immune cells, and they regulate each other. I however argue that the two systems differ by three major points: 1) Unlike the nervous system, the immune system has a loose anatomical structure, in which molecular and cellular events mostly occur at random; 2) The immune system can respond to molecules of the living world whereas the nervous system can respond to phenomena of the physical world; 3) Responses of the immune system act both on the organism and on the stimulus that triggered the response, whereas responses of the nervous system act on the organism only. The nervous and the immune systems therefore appear as two complementary systems of relations that closely work together, and whose reactivities are well-suited to deal with physical and biological stimuli, respectively. Its ability both to adapt the organism to the living world and to adapt the living world to the organism endows the immune system with powerful adaptive properties that enable the organism to live in peace with itself and with other living beings, whether pathogens or commensals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Daëron
- Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université-CNRS-Inserm, Marseille, France
- Institut Pasteur-Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Institut d’histoire et de philosophie des sciences et des techniques, Université Paris 1 Panthéon Sorbonne-CNRS, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Marc Daëron,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kapoor T, Mehan S, Suri M, Sharma N, Kumar N, Narula AS, Alshammari A, Alasmari AF, Alharbi M, Assiri MA, Kalfin R. Forskolin, an Adenylcyclase/cAMP/CREB Signaling Activator Restoring Myelin-Associated Oligodendrocyte Destruction in Experimental Ethidium Bromide Model of Multiple Sclerosis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182771. [PMID: 36139346 PMCID: PMC9497421 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease marked by oligodendrocyte loss, which results in central neuronal demyelination. AC/cAMP/CREB signaling dysregulation is involved in the progression of MS, including mitochondrial dysfunctions, reduction in nerve growth factors, neuronal inflammation, apoptosis, and white matter degeneration. Our previous research has shown that Forskolin (FSK), a naturally occurring direct adenylyl cyclase (AC)/cAMP/CREB activator, has neuroprotective potential to alleviate pathogenic factors linked with numerous neurological abnormalities. The current study intends to explore the neuroprotective potential of FSK at doses of 40 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg alone, as well as in combination with conventional medicines, such as Fingolimod (FNG), Donepezil (DON), Memantine (MEM), and Simvastatin (SIM) in EB-induced demyelinated experimental MS rats. Adult Wistar rats were divided into nine groups, and EB was infused stereotaxically in the rat brain’s intracerebropeduncle (ICP) area. Chronic gliotoxin EB treatment results in demyelination as well as motor and cognitive dysfunctions. FSK, combined with standard medications, improves behavioral dysfunctions, such as neuromuscular and motor deficits and memory and cognitive abnormalities. Following pharmacological treatments improved remyelination by enhancing myelin basic protein and increasing AC, cAMP, and CREB levels in brain homogenates. Furthermore, FSK therapy restored brain mitochondrial-ETC complex enzymes and neurotransmitter levels while decreasing inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers. The Luxol fast blue (LFB) stain results further indicate FSK’s neuroprotective potential in preventing oligodendrocyte death. Therefore, the results of these studies contribute to a better understanding of the possible role that natural phytochemicals FSK could have in preventing motor neuron diseases, such as multiple sclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Kapoor
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy (An Autonomous College), Moga 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy (An Autonomous College), Moga 142001, Punjab, India
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +1-91-8059889909
| | - Manisha Suri
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy (An Autonomous College), Moga 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Nidhi Sharma
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy (An Autonomous College), Moga 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Nitish Kumar
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy (An Autonomous College), Moga 142001, Punjab, India
| | | | - Abdulrahman Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah F. Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Metab Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Assiri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reni Kalfin
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev St., Block 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of Healthcare, South-West University “NeofitRilski”, Ivan Mihailov St. 66, 2700 Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Impacts of Gut Microbiota on the Immune System and Fecal Microbiota Transplantation as a Re-Emerging Therapy for Autoimmune Diseases. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11081093. [PMID: 36009962 PMCID: PMC9404867 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11081093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The enormous and diverse population of microorganisms residing in the digestive tracts of humans and animals influence the development, regulation, and function of the immune system. Recently, the understanding of the association between autoimmune diseases and gut microbiota has been improved due to the innovation of high-throughput sequencing technologies with high resolutions. Several studies have reported perturbation of gut microbiota as one of the factors playing a role in the pathogenesis of many diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, recurrent diarrhea due to Clostridioides difficile infections. Restoration of healthy gut microbiota by transferring fecal material from a healthy donor to a sick recipient, called fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), has resolved or improved symptoms of autoimmune diseases. This (re)emerging therapy was approved for the treatment of drug-resistant recurrent C. difficile infections in 2013 by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Numerous human and animal studies have demonstrated FMT has the potential as the next generation therapy to control autoimmune and other health problems. Alas, this new therapeutic method has limitations, including the risk of transferring antibiotic-resistant pathogens or transmission of genes from donors to recipients and/or exacerbating the conditions in some patients. Therefore, continued research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms by which gut microbiota is involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and to improve the efficacy and optimize the preparation of FMT for different disease conditions, and to tailor FMT to meet the needs in both humans and animals. The prospect of FMT therapy includes shifting from the current practice of using the whole fecal materials to the more aesthetic transfer of selective microbial consortia assembled in vitro or using their metabolic products.
Collapse
|
9
|
Makowiecki K, Stevens N, Cullen CL, Zarghami A, Nguyen PT, Johnson L, Rodger J, Hinder MR, Barnett M, Young KM, Taylor BV. Safety of low-intensity repetitive transcranial magneTic brAin stimUlation foR people living with mUltiple Sclerosis (TAURUS): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials 2022; 23:626. [PMID: 35922816 PMCID: PMC9347125 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06526-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease, characterised by oligodendrocyte death and demyelination. Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells can differentiate into new replacement oligodendrocytes; however, remyelination is insufficient to protect neurons from degeneration in people with MS. We previously reported that 4 weeks of daily low-intensity repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in an intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) pattern increased the number of new myelinating oligodendrocytes in healthy adult mice. This study translates this rTMS protocol and aims to determine its safety and tolerability for people living with MS. We will also perform magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and symptom assessments as preliminary indicators of myelin addition following rTMS. Methods Participants (N = 30, aged 18–65 years) will have a diagnosis of relapsing-remitting or secondary progressive MS. ≤2 weeks before the intervention, eligible, consenting participants will complete a physical exam, baseline brain MRI scan and participant-reported MS symptom assessments [questionnaires: Fatigue Severity Scale, Quality of Life (AQoL-8D), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; and smartphone-based measures of cognition (electronic symbol digit modalities test), manual dexterity (pinching test, draw a shape test) and gait (U-Turn test)]. Participants will be pseudo-randomly allocated to rTMS (n=20) or sham (placebo; n=10), stratified by sex. rTMS or sham will be delivered 5 days per week for 4 consecutive weeks (20 sessions, 6 min per day). rTMS will be applied using a 90-mm circular coil at low-intensity (25% maximum stimulator output) in an iTBS pattern. For sham, the coil will be oriented 90° to the scalp, preventing the magnetic field from stimulating the brain. Adverse events will be recorded daily. We will evaluate participant blinding after the first, 10th and final session. After the final session, participants will repeat symptom assessments and brain MRI, for comparison with baseline. Participant-reported assessments will be repeated at 4-month post-allocation follow-up. Discussion This study will determine whether this rTMS protocol is safe and tolerable for people with MS. MRI and participant-reported symptom assessments will serve as preliminary indications of rTMS efficacy for myelin addition to inform further studies. Trial registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12619001196134. Registered on 27 August 2019
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kalina Makowiecki
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.
| | - Natasha Stevens
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Carlie L Cullen
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Amin Zarghami
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Phuong Tram Nguyen
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Lewis Johnson
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Jennifer Rodger
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Mark R Hinder
- Sensorimotor Neuroscience and Ageing Research Lab, School of Psychological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Michael Barnett
- Sydney Neuroimaging Analysis Centre (SNAC), Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Brain & Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kaylene M Young
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Bruce V Taylor
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Eshaghzadeh S, Abbaspour S, Sarboozi-hoseinabadi T, Eshaghzadeh M, Tatari M, Ramezani Nezhad M, Saravani H, Hamidi R, Aghabeigi A, Rahimi S, Sarmadi M. Quality of Life and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies in Multiple Sclerosis Patients. JOURNAL OF RATIONAL-EMOTIVE AND COGNITIVE-BEHAVIOR THERAPY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10942-022-00474-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
|
11
|
Maghrebi O, Belghith M, Jeridi C, Rachdi A, Fatnassi FN, Saied Z, Belal S, Ben Sassi S, Barbouche MR. B Cells Specific CpG Induces High IL-10 and IL-6 Expression In Vitro in Neuro-Behçet's Disease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081306. [PMID: 35455984 PMCID: PMC9025002 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Remitting-RelapsingMultiple Sclerosis (RRMS) and Neuro-Behçet Disease (NBD) are two chronic neuroinflammatory disorders leading to neurological damage. Herein, we investigated in these patients the IL-10-producing cells during the early stages of these disorders. Cellular and molecular investigations were carried out on treatment naive patients suffering from RRMS and NBD recruited at the first episode of clinical relapse. Our findings demonstrate that CSF-B cells from NBD patients, but not RRMS, are the major source of intrathecal IL-10 as compared to T-CD4 cells. Moreover, we showed a lower expression of TGF-β and IL35, in the CSF cells of NBD patients as compared to the control group. Specific in vitro CpG stimulation of peripheral blood B cells from NBD patients resulted in a concomitant early mRNA expression of IL6 and IL10 but was limited to IL10 for RRMS patients. Furthermore, mRNA expression of IL-6 and IL-10 receptors was assessed and intriguingly IL6ST receptor subunit was significantly lower in NBD CSF, but not RRMS while IL10RB was increased in both. Deciphering the role of increased IL-10-producing B cells and IL10RB despite relapsing disease as well as the discordant expression of IL6 and IL6ST may pave the way for a better understanding of the pathophysiology of these neuro-inflammatory disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olfa Maghrebi
- Department of Biology, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis 1068, Tunisia;
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia;
- Faculty of Medicine, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis 1007, Tunisia; (S.B.); (S.B.S.)
| | - Meriam Belghith
- Department of Biology, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis 1068, Tunisia;
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +216-718-43-755
| | - Cyrine Jeridi
- Neurology Department, Mongi Ben Hamida National Institute of Neurology, Tunis 1007, Tunisia; (C.J.); (A.R.); (F.N.F.); (Z.S.)
| | - Amine Rachdi
- Neurology Department, Mongi Ben Hamida National Institute of Neurology, Tunis 1007, Tunisia; (C.J.); (A.R.); (F.N.F.); (Z.S.)
| | - Fatma Nabli Fatnassi
- Neurology Department, Mongi Ben Hamida National Institute of Neurology, Tunis 1007, Tunisia; (C.J.); (A.R.); (F.N.F.); (Z.S.)
| | - Zakaria Saied
- Neurology Department, Mongi Ben Hamida National Institute of Neurology, Tunis 1007, Tunisia; (C.J.); (A.R.); (F.N.F.); (Z.S.)
| | - Samir Belal
- Faculty of Medicine, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis 1007, Tunisia; (S.B.); (S.B.S.)
- Neurology Department, Mongi Ben Hamida National Institute of Neurology, Tunis 1007, Tunisia; (C.J.); (A.R.); (F.N.F.); (Z.S.)
| | - Samia Ben Sassi
- Faculty of Medicine, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis 1007, Tunisia; (S.B.); (S.B.S.)
- Neurology Department, Mongi Ben Hamida National Institute of Neurology, Tunis 1007, Tunisia; (C.J.); (A.R.); (F.N.F.); (Z.S.)
| | - Mohamed-Ridha Barbouche
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia;
- Faculty of Medicine, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis 1007, Tunisia; (S.B.); (S.B.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fraga-Silva TFDC, Munhoz-Alves N, Mimura LAN, de Oliveira LRC, Figueiredo-Godoi LMA, Garcia MT, Oliveira ES, Ishikawa LLW, Zorzella-Pezavento SFG, Bonato VLD, Junqueira JC, Bagagli E, Sartori A. Systemic Infection by Non-albicans Candida Species Affects the Development of a Murine Model of Multiple Sclerosis. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8040386. [PMID: 35448617 PMCID: PMC9032036 DOI: 10.3390/jof8040386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Candidiasis may affect the central nervous system (CNS), and although Candida albicans is predominant, non-albicans Candida species can also be associated with CNS infections. Some studies have suggested that Candida infections could increase the odds of multiple sclerosis (MS) development. In this context, we investigated whether systemic infection by non-albicans Candida species would affect, clinically or immunologically, the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), which is an animal model used to study MS. For this, a strain of C. glabrata, C. krusei, and C. parapsilosis was selected and characterized using different in vitro and in vivo models. In these analysis, all the strains exhibited the ability to form biofilms, produce proteolytic enzymes, and cause systemic infections in Galleria mellonella, with C. glabrata being the most virulent species. Next, C57BL/6 mice were infected with strains of C. glabrata, C. krusei, or C. parapsilosis, and 3 days later were immunized with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein to develop EAE. Mice from EAE groups previously infected with C. glabrata and C. krusei developed more severe and more prevalent paralysis, while mice from the EAE group infected with C. parapsilosis developed a disease comparable to non-infected EAE mice. Disease aggravation by C. glabrata and C. krusei strains was concomitant to increased IL-17 and IFN-γ production by splenic cells stimulated with fungi-derived antigens and with increased percentage of T lymphocytes and myeloid cells in the CNS. Analysis of interaction with BV-2 microglial cell line also revealed differences among these strains, in which C. krusei was the strongest activator of microglia concerning the expression of MHC II and CD40 and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Altogether, these results indicated that the three non-albicans Candida strains were similarly able to reach the CNS but distinct in terms of their effect over EAE development. Whereas C. glabrata and C. Krusei aggravated the development of EAE, C. parapsilosis did not affect its severity. Disease worsening was partially associated to virulence factors in C. glabrata and to a strong activation of microglia in C. krusei infection. In conclusion, systemic infections by non-albicans Candida strains exerted influence on the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in both immunological and clinical aspects, emphasizing their possible relevance in MS development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thais Fernanda de Campos Fraga-Silva
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil; (N.M.-A.); (L.A.N.M.); (E.S.O.); (L.L.W.I.); (S.F.G.Z.-P.); (E.B.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Natália Munhoz-Alves
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil; (N.M.-A.); (L.A.N.M.); (E.S.O.); (L.L.W.I.); (S.F.G.Z.-P.); (E.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Luiza Ayumi Nishiyama Mimura
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil; (N.M.-A.); (L.A.N.M.); (E.S.O.); (L.L.W.I.); (S.F.G.Z.-P.); (E.B.); (A.S.)
| | | | - Lívia Mara Alves Figueiredo-Godoi
- Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Sao Jose dos Campos 12245-000, Brazil; (L.M.A.F.-G.); (M.T.G.); (J.C.J.)
| | - Maíra Terra Garcia
- Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Sao Jose dos Campos 12245-000, Brazil; (L.M.A.F.-G.); (M.T.G.); (J.C.J.)
| | - Evelyn Silva Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil; (N.M.-A.); (L.A.N.M.); (E.S.O.); (L.L.W.I.); (S.F.G.Z.-P.); (E.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Larissa Lumi Watanabe Ishikawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil; (N.M.-A.); (L.A.N.M.); (E.S.O.); (L.L.W.I.); (S.F.G.Z.-P.); (E.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Sofia Fernanda Gonçalves Zorzella-Pezavento
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil; (N.M.-A.); (L.A.N.M.); (E.S.O.); (L.L.W.I.); (S.F.G.Z.-P.); (E.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Vânia Luiza Deperon Bonato
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Brazil;
| | - Juliana Campos Junqueira
- Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Sao Jose dos Campos 12245-000, Brazil; (L.M.A.F.-G.); (M.T.G.); (J.C.J.)
| | - Eduardo Bagagli
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil; (N.M.-A.); (L.A.N.M.); (E.S.O.); (L.L.W.I.); (S.F.G.Z.-P.); (E.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Alexandrina Sartori
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil; (N.M.-A.); (L.A.N.M.); (E.S.O.); (L.L.W.I.); (S.F.G.Z.-P.); (E.B.); (A.S.)
- Postgraduate Program in Tropical Disease, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil;
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Modulating the Ubiquitin–Proteasome System: A Therapeutic Strategy for Autoimmune Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071093. [PMID: 35406655 PMCID: PMC8997991 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune, neurodegenerative disease associated with the central nervous system (CNS). Autoimmunity is caused by an abnormal immune response to self-antigens, which results in chronic inflammation and tissue death. Ubiquitination is a post-translational modification in which ubiquitin molecules are attached to proteins by ubiquitinating enzymes, and then the modified proteins are degraded by the proteasome system. In addition to regulating proteasomal degradation of proteins, ubiquitination also regulates other cellular functions that are independent of proteasomal degradation. It plays a vital role in intracellular protein turnover and immune signaling and responses. The ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) is primarily responsible for the nonlysosomal proteolysis of intracellular proteins. The 26S proteasome is a multicatalytic adenosine-triphosphate-dependent protease that recognizes ubiquitin covalently attached to particular proteins and targets them for degradation. Damaged, oxidized, or misfolded proteins, as well as regulatory proteins that govern many essential cellular functions, are removed by this degradation pathway. When this system is affected, cellular homeostasis is altered, resulting in the induction of a range of diseases. This review discusses the biochemistry and molecular biology of the UPS, including its role in the development of MS and proteinopathies. Potential therapies and targets involving the UPS are also addressed.
Collapse
|
14
|
Exercise training improves memory and produces changes in the adrenal gland morphology in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Endocr Regul 2022; 56:31-37. [PMID: 35180820 DOI: 10.2478/enr-2022-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. The present study sought to verify the effects of an exercise training on the memory along with the morphological assessment of the adrenal gland tissue in the rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Methods. Female Lewis rats were randomly divided into three groups: EAE group, EAE group with exercise (EAE+Ex), and control group (CO). Each group contained 10 rats. To evaluate the memory, all rats were subjected to the Morris water maze learning test for four consecutive days and one day for a prop test. EAE was induced by guinea pig spinal cord homogenate emulsified in incomplete Freund's adjuvant and heat-mycobacterium. The exercise training on a motorized treadmill was initiated 3 weeks before EAE induction and disconnected 2 weeks post-induction. Results. We found that exercise training for five weeks produced an improved swimming velocity related to memory improvement in EAE+Ex group in comparison with EAE group, but not an incurable adrenal gland tissue after EAE induction. Conclusions. The experimental design selected for this study appears to be an effective treatment for memory in rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
Collapse
|
15
|
Mohammedsaleh ZM. The use of patient-specific stem cells in different autoimmune diseases. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:3338-3346. [PMID: 35844404 PMCID: PMC9280249 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are developed when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s cells. These inflammatory disorders can be inherited or triggered by external forces, such as type 1 diabetes, which is caused by the immune system's destruction of pancreatic beta cells. So far, stem cells such as hESC and iPSC have been used to treat autoimmune disorders such as type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), multiple sclerosis (MS), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), although these procedures have certain ethical concerns. On the other hand, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC) are thought to be the best source of stem cells. Later, it was shown that mesenchymal stem cells produced from autologous adipose tissues have a great potential for producing huge volumes of stem cells. In-vitro and in-vivo investigations using autologous hematopoietic stem cells and autologous mesenchymal stem cells have been carried out on various rodent and human models, while clinical trials for inflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis and diabetes mellitus have yielded promising results. We attempted to summarise the usage of diverse stem cells in the therapy of various autoimmune disorders in this review. Shortly, we expect that the use of autologous stem cells will provide a new perspective on the treatment of autoimmune disorders.
Collapse
|
16
|
BARATI M, JABBARI M, FATHOLLAHI M, FATHOLLAHI A, KHAKI V, JAVANMARDI F, JAZAYERI SMHM, SHABANI M, DAVOODI SH, HUSEYN E, HADIAN Z, LORENZO JM, KHANEGHAH AM. Evaluation of different types of milk proteins-derived epitopes using in-silico tools: a primarily study to propose a new definition for bioactive peptides. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.102821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Meisam BARATI
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Vahid KHAKI
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | | | | | - Mehdi SHABANI
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Sayed Hossein DAVOODI
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Elcin HUSEYN
- Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University, Azerbaijan
| | - Zahra HADIAN
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sharma S, Jeyaraman M, Muthu S. Role of stem cell therapy in neurosciences. ESSENTIALS OF EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE OF NEUROANESTHESIA AND NEUROCRITICAL CARE 2022:163-179. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-821776-4.00012-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
|
18
|
Paediatric Multiple Sclerosis: A Scoping Review of Patients’ and Parents’ Perspectives. CHILDREN 2021; 9:children9010011. [PMID: 35053636 PMCID: PMC8773986 DOI: 10.3390/children9010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dealing with paediatric-onset multiple sclerosis is particularly challenging for the young patients and their families, due to its unpredictable symptoms and uncertain outcome. This review aimed at synthesising the qualitative evidence regarding the perspectives about paediatric-onset multiple sclerosis, as expressed by the patients and/or their parents. A literature search was conducted on PubMed and CINAHL. The advanced multi-field search allowed to perform an abstract/title search in both databases, using keywords, combined through Boolean operators. Additional search strategies were adopted: searching the reference list of the selected papers; searching for key authors in the field. All the relevant papers were thoroughly revised using The Joanna Briggs Institute’s data extraction form for qualitative evidence as a guidance. Eight papers were selected. The analysis of these papers allowed to identify some common issues pertaining paediatric-onset multiple sclerosis: (1) onset of symptoms, (2) diagnostic process, (3) reaction to the diagnosis, (4) management and acceptance of multiple sclerosis. The burden of multiple sclerosis was confirmed. However, the young patients and their parents can adjust to the disease. Both the community and the health care professionals must strive to prevent the families dealing with multiple sclerosis from experiencing solitude and rejection.
Collapse
|
19
|
Głąbska D, Kołota A, Lachowicz K, Skolmowska D, Stachoń M, Guzek D. Vitamin D Supplementation and Mental Health in Multiple Sclerosis Patients: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124207. [PMID: 34959758 PMCID: PMC8705844 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D has a promising role in multiple sclerosis (MS) management, and it has been found to be beneficial for patients' mental health, which is reduced in MS patients. The aim of the present study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature to assess the influence of vitamin D supplementation on mental health in MS patients. The systematic review was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42020155779) and it was conducted on the basis of the PRISMA guidelines. The search procedure was conducted using PubMed and Web of Science databases and it included studies published up until September 2021. Six studies were included in the systematic review. The risk of bias was analyzed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Within the included studies, there were two studies randomized against placebo and four other prospective studies. The studies presented vitamin D interventions randomized against placebo or not randomized, while supplementation was applied for various durations-from 4 weeks to 12 months, or the studies compared patients who applied vitamin D supplementation and those who did not apply it and verified the effect of the supplementation after a number of years. The mental health outcomes that were assessed included quality of life, depression/depressive symptoms, and fatigue as an additional element. The majority of studies supported the positive influence of vitamin D on the mental health of MS patients, including the study characterized as having the highest quality (randomized against placebo with the highest NOS score). All the studies that assessed the quality of life indicated the positive influence of vitamin D while the studies that did not find a positive influence of vitamin D were conducted for depression/depressive symptoms. In spite of the fact that only a small number of studies have been conducted so far, and only two studies were randomized against a placebo, some conclusions may be formulated. The systematic review allowed us to conclude that there may be a positive effect of vitamin D supplementation in MS patients, which was stated in all of the studies analyzing quality of life, as well as in one study analyzing depressive symptoms. Considering that vitamin D deficiency is common in MS patients, and the potential positive influence of supplementation on the quality of life, supplementation should be applied at least in doses that cover the recommended intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Głąbska
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (A.K.); (K.L.); (D.S.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-593-71-26
| | - Aleksandra Kołota
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (A.K.); (K.L.); (D.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Katarzyna Lachowicz
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (A.K.); (K.L.); (D.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Dominika Skolmowska
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (A.K.); (K.L.); (D.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Małgorzata Stachoń
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (A.K.); (K.L.); (D.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Dominika Guzek
- Department of Food Market and Consumer Research, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
The Role of Nutritional Lifestyle and Physical Activity in Multiple Sclerosis Pathogenesis and Management: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113774. [PMID: 34836032 PMCID: PMC8620342 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on the role of nutritional factors and physical activity (PA) in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) go back a long time. Despite the intrinsic difficulty of studying their positive or negative role in MS, the interest of researchers on these topics increased during the last few decades, since the role of diet has been investigated with the perspective of the association with disease-modifying drugs (DMD). The association of DMD, diets, and PA might have an additive effect in modifying disease severity. Among the various diets investigated (low-carbohydrate, gluten-free, Mediterranean, low-fat, fasting-mimicking, and Western diets) only low-carbohydrate, Mediterranean, and fast-mimicking diets have shown both in animal models and in humans a positive effect on MS course and in patient-reported outcomes (PROs). However, the Mediterranean diet is easier to be maintained compared to fast-mimicking and low-carbohydrate diets, which may lead to detrimental side effects requiring careful clinical monitoring. Conversely, the Western diet, which is characterized by a high intake of highly saturated fats and carbohydrates, may lead to the activation of pro-inflammatory immune pathways and is therefore not recommended. PA showed a positive effect both in animal models as well as on disease course and PROs in humans. Training with combined exercises is considered the more effective approach.
Collapse
|
21
|
Abdallah F, Coindre S, Gardet M, Meurisse F, Naji A, Suganuma N, Abi-Rached L, Lambotte O, Favier B. Leukocyte Immunoglobulin-Like Receptors in Regulating the Immune Response in Infectious Diseases: A Window of Opportunity to Pathogen Persistence and a Sound Target in Therapeutics. Front Immunol 2021; 12:717998. [PMID: 34594332 PMCID: PMC8478328 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.717998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoregulatory receptors are essential for orchestrating an immune response as well as appropriate inflammation in infectious and non-communicable diseases. Among them, leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors (LILRs) consist of activating and inhibitory receptors that play an important role in regulating immune responses modulating the course of disease progression. On the one hand, inhibitory LILRs constitute a safe-guard system that mitigates the inflammatory response, allowing a prompt return to immune homeostasis. On the other hand, because of their unique capacity to attenuate immune responses, pathogens use inhibitory LILRs to evade immune recognition, thus facilitating their persistence within the host. Conversely, the engagement of activating LILRs triggers immune responses and the production of inflammatory mediators to fight microbes. However, their heightened activation could lead to an exacerbated immune response and persistent inflammation with major consequences on disease outcome and autoimmune disorders. Here, we review the genetic organisation, structure and ligands of LILRs as well as their role in regulating the immune response and inflammation. We also discuss the LILR-based strategies that pathogens use to evade immune responses. A better understanding of the contribution of LILRs to host-pathogen interactions is essential to define appropriate treatments to counteract the severity and/or persistence of pathogens in acute and chronic infectious diseases lacking efficient treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florence Abdallah
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Sixtine Coindre
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Margaux Gardet
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Florian Meurisse
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Abderrahim Naji
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Cooperative Medicine Unit, Research and Education Faculty, Medicine Science Cluster, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku-City, Japan
| | - Narufumi Suganuma
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Cooperative Medicine Unit, Research and Education Faculty, Medicine Science Cluster, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku-City, Japan
| | - Laurent Abi-Rached
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU Mediterranean Infection, SNC5039 CNRS, Marseille, France.,SNC5039 CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Lambotte
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,Public-Hospital Assistance of Paris, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Paris-Saclay University Hospital Group, Bicêtre Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Benoit Favier
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Propper RE, Wylie GR, Villafana M. An internet-based survey of synesthesia in multiple sclerosis: Incidence, characteristics and implications. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2021; 54:103121. [PMID: 34246021 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2021.103121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective Prior work raises the interesting possibility that both multiple sclerosis and synesthesia share a common etiology, that being immune system dysfunction, as well as neuroanatomical and neurochemical abnormalities, including those involving white matter and serotonergic pathways, respectively. Given these links between these two syndromes, we examined the possibility that prevalence of synesthesia would be elevated in a population of individuals with MS, relative to what is thought to be the prevalence in the neurotypical population. It was not known whether synesthesia might be a marker for subsequent development of MS, or if synesthesia might reflect neurological damage resulting from MS disease progression. Method Individuals with self- reported clinically definite MS were recruited online via the internet and social media using sites specifically relevant to the MS community. Data from 147 individuals who completed several questionnaires related to synesthesia were analyzed. Results Depending on criteria, between approximately 7 and 16% of individuals with MS reported synesthesia here. This is an estimated 1.57 to 3.55 times increased incidence of synesthesia here relative to previous findings in neurotypical samples. Limitations of the study include that this was an internet survey, and that synesthesia was not directly assessed in this sample. Conclusions Results suggest a link between the syndromes, primarily indicating that synesthesia may be a marker for subsequent MS development, and the implications and directions for future study are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth E Propper
- Department of Psychology, Montclair State University, 1 Normal Avenue, Montclair, NJ, USA.
| | - Glenn R Wylie
- Kessler Foundation, Department of Veterans' Affairs, Rutgers University, USA
| | - Melissa Villafana
- Department of Psychology, Montclair State University, 1 Normal Avenue, Montclair, NJ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Having an Old Friend for Dinner: The Interplay between Apoptotic Cells and Efferocytes. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051265. [PMID: 34065321 PMCID: PMC8161178 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis, the programmed and intentional death of senescent, damaged, or otherwise superfluous cells, is the natural end-point for most cells within multicellular organisms. Apoptotic cells are not inherently damaging, but if left unattended, they can lyse through secondary necrosis. The resulting release of intracellular contents drives inflammation in the surrounding tissue and can lead to autoimmunity. These negative consequences of secondary necrosis are avoided by efferocytosis—the phagocytic clearance of apoptotic cells. Efferocytosis is a product of both apoptotic cells and efferocyte mechanisms, which cooperate to ensure the rapid and complete removal of apoptotic cells. Herein, we review the processes used by apoptotic cells to ensure their timely removal, and the receptors, signaling, and cellular processes used by efferocytes for efferocytosis, with a focus on the receptors and signaling driving this process.
Collapse
|
24
|
Maghrebi O, Hanachi M, Bahrini K, Kchaou M, Jeridi C, Belal S, Ben Sassi S, Barbouche MR, Souiai O, Belghith M. Differential Gene Expression Patterns in Blood and Cerebrospinal Fluid of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuro-Behçet Disease. Front Genet 2021; 12:638236. [PMID: 33719347 PMCID: PMC7954360 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.638236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory demyelinating disorders of the central nervous system are debilitating conditions of the young adult, here we focus on multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuro-Behçet disease (NBD). MS is an autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system. NBD, a neurological manifestation of an idiopathic chronic relapsing multisystem inflammatory disease, the behçet disease. The diagnosis of MS and NBD relies on clinical symptoms, magnetic resonance imaging and laboratory tests. At first onset, clinical and imaging similarities between the two disorders may occur, making differential diagnosis challenging and delaying appropriate management. Aiming to identify additional discriminating biomarker patterns, we measured and compared gene expression of a broad panel of selected genes in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cells of patients suffering from NBD, MS and non inflammatory neurological disorders (NIND). To reach this aim, bivariate and multivariate analysis were applied. The Principal Analysis Component (PCA) highlighted distinct profiles between NBD, MS, and controls. Transcription factors foxp3 in the blood along with IL-4, IL-10, and IL-17 expressions were the parameters that are the main contributor to the segregation between MS and NBD clustering. Moreover, parameters related to cellular activation and inflammatory cytokines within the CSF clearly differentiate between the two inflammatory diseases and the controls. We proceeded to ROC analysis in order to identify the most distinctive parameters between both inflammatory neurological disorders. The latter analysis suggested that IL-17, CD73 in the blood as well as IL-1β and IL-10 in the CSF were the most discriminating parameters between MS and NBD. We conclude that combined multi-dimensional analysis in blood and CSF suggests distinct mechanisms governing the pathophysiology of these two neuro-inflammatory disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olfa Maghrebi
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia.,Faculty of Medicine, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia.,Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mariem Hanachi
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Biomathematics and Biostatistics-LR16IPT09, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia.,Faculty of Science of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Jarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Khadija Bahrini
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia.,Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mariem Kchaou
- Faculty of Medicine, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia.,Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Cyrine Jeridi
- Faculty of Medicine, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia.,Department of Neurology, Mongi Ben Hmida National Institute of Neurology, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Samir Belal
- Faculty of Medicine, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia.,Department of Neurology, Mongi Ben Hmida National Institute of Neurology, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Samia Ben Sassi
- Faculty of Medicine, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia.,Department of Neurology, Mongi Ben Hmida National Institute of Neurology, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed-Ridha Barbouche
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia.,Faculty of Medicine, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Oussama Souiai
- Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Biomathematics and Biostatistics-LR16IPT09, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Meriam Belghith
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia.,Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
The Expanding Regulatory Mechanisms and Cellular Functions of Long Non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in Neuroinflammation. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:2916-2939. [PMID: 33555549 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02268-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
LncRNAs have emerged as important regulatory molecules in biological processes. They serve as regulators of gene expression pathways through interactions with proteins, RNA, and DNA. LncRNA expression is altered in several diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), such as neurodegenerative disorders, stroke, trauma, and infection. More recently, it has become clear that lncRNAs contribute to regulating both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory pathways in the CNS. In this review, we discuss the molecular pathways involved in the expression of lncRNAs, their role and mechanism of action during gene regulation, cellular functions, and use of lncRNAs as therapeutic targets during neuroinflammation in CNS disorders.
Collapse
|
26
|
de Campos Fraga-Silva TF, Mimura LAN, de Oliveira LRC, Dos Santos Toledo JH, Borim PA, Zorzella-Pezavento SFG, Alonso DP, Ribolla PEM, de Oliveira CAF, da Fonseca DM, Villablanca EJ, Sartori A. Selenization of S. cerevisiae increases its protective potential in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by triggering an intestinal immunomodulatory loop. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22190. [PMID: 33335128 PMCID: PMC7746691 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79102-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease that affects the myelinated central nervous system (CNS) neurons and triggers physical and cognitive disabilities. Conventional therapy is based on disease-modifying drugs that control disease severity but can also be deleterious. Complementary medicines have been adopted and evidence indicates that yeast supplements can improve symptoms mainly by modulating the immune response. In this investigation, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its selenized derivative (Selemax) in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Female C57BL/6 mice submitted to EAE induction were orally supplemented with these yeasts by gavage from day 0 to day 14 after EAE induction. Both supplements determined significant reduction in clinical signs concomitantly with diminished Th1 immune response in CNS, increased proportion of Foxp3+ lymphocytes in inguinal and mesenteric lymph nodes and increased microbiota diversity. However, Selemax was more effective clinically and immunologically; it reduced disease prevalence more sharply, increased the proportion of CD103+ dendritic cells expressing high levels of PD-L1 in mesenteric lymph nodes and reduced the intestinal inflammatory process more strongly than S. cerevisiae. These results suggest a clear gut-brain axis modulation by selenized S. cerevisiae and suggest their inclusion in clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Diego Peres Alonso
- Institute of Biotechnology (IBTEC), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Eduardo J Villablanca
- Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexandrina Sartori
- Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Effectiveness of Dimethyl Fumarate in Patients With Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis Switching After Suboptimal Response to Glatiramer Acetate, Including Patients With Early Multiple Sclerosis: Subgroup Analysis of RESPOND. Neurol Ther 2020; 10:169-182. [PMID: 33225410 PMCID: PMC8140000 DOI: 10.1007/s40120-020-00223-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This post hoc subset analysis of RESPOND evaluated the effectiveness of dimethyl fumarate (DMF) 240 mg twice daily in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS) after suboptimal response to glatiramer acetate (GA; “first switch” patients), including patients with early MS (“early MS switch” patients). Methods Patients had discontinued GA due to suboptimal response and initiated DMF treatment within 60 days after enrollment. Relapse data were collected from medical records. First switch patients had had one prior approved MS therapy (GA) before initiating DMF treatment. Early MS switch patients were first switch patients with baseline Patient-Reported Expanded Disability Status Scale (PR-EDSS) score ≤ 3.5, ≤ 1 relapses in the past 1 year, or both. Results Among first switch patients (n = 231), the annualized relapse rate (ARR) was 0.48 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.40–0.58) for 12 months before DMF initiation and 0.11 (95% CI 0.06–0.18) for 12 months after DMF initiation, a 78% decrease in ARR. Among early MS switch patients with baseline PR-EDSS score ≤ 3.5 (n = 120), ≤ 1 relapses in the prior year (n = 219), or both (n = 114), the ARRs (95% CIs) for 12 months before DMF initiation were 0.47 (0.37–0.59), 0.37 (0.32–0.44), and 0.39 (0.31–0.49), respectively; values for 12 months after DMF initiation were 0.06 (0.02–0.19), 0.09 (0.05–0.17), and 0.06 (0.02–0.20), respectively, an 87, 75, and 83% decrease in ARR. The proportion of patients relapse-free 12 months after DMF initiation versus 12 months before were 94 versus 59% in first switch patients, and 97 versus 58%, 94 versus 63%, and 97 versus 61% in early MS switch patients in the PR-EDSS score ≤ 3.5, ≤ 1 relapses in the prior year, or PR-EDSS score ≤ 3.5 and ≤ 1 relapses subgroups, respectively. After 12 months of DMF treatment, most patient-reported outcomes scores showed significant improvement. Conclusions DMF may be an effective treatment option in first switch and early MS switch patients with RMS who experience a suboptimal response to GA. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01903291. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s40120-020-00223-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|
28
|
Labib DA, Ashmawy I, Elmazny A, Helmy H, Ismail RS. Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 expression on peripheral blood lymphocytes and neutrophils of Egyptian multiple sclerosis patients. Int J Neurosci 2020; 132:323-327. [PMID: 32842834 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1812601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have just started delineating the role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). OBJECTIVES To investigate the expression of TLR-2 and TLR-4 on peripheral blood neutrophils and lymphocytes in Egyptian patients with MS, and to examine the role of TLR-2 and TLR-4 expression as a candidate biomarker for MS diagnosis. METHODS A total of 84 patients with newly diagnosed MS and 68 healthy controls were included in this study. The expression levels of TLR-2 and TLR-4 were assessed by flow cytometry technique using appropriate monoclonal antibodies. RESULTS TLR-2 demonstrated a significantly higher expression on the lymphocytes and neutrophils of patients, whereas that of TLR-4 was significantly higher only on lymphocytes than those in the control group. However, there was no significant difference between patients with relapsing remitting MS and those with secondary progressive MS in terms of TLR-2 and TLR-4 expression. The expression of TLR-2 and TLR-4 on the lymphocytes and neutrophils of patients showed no significant correlation with either the duration of the disease or disability. The sensitivity and specificity of TLR-2 expression on lymphocytes and neutrophils to diagnose MS were 73.81%, 70.59%, 69.05%, and 52.94%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of TLR-4 expression on lymphocytes and neutrophils were 88.10%, 79.41%, 78.57%, and 76.47%, respectively. CONCLUSION The expression of TLR-2 and TLR-4 on peripheral blood neutrophils and lymphocytes has a potential role in the pathogenesis of MS. TLR-4 expression on lymphocytes and neutrophils could be used as a potential biomarker to diagnose MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Ahmed Labib
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ingy Ashmawy
- Medical Research Division, Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alaa Elmazny
- Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanan Helmy
- Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chen D, Zhang T, Lee TH. Cellular Mechanisms of Melatonin: Insight from Neurodegenerative Diseases. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10081158. [PMID: 32784556 PMCID: PMC7464852 DOI: 10.3390/biom10081158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are the second most common cause of death and characterized by progressive impairments in movement or mental functioning in the central or peripheral nervous system. The prevention of neurodegenerative disorders has become an emerging public health challenge for our society. Melatonin, a pineal hormone, has various physiological functions in the brain, including regulating circadian rhythms, clearing free radicals, inhibiting biomolecular oxidation, and suppressing neuroinflammation. Cumulative evidence indicates that melatonin has a wide range of neuroprotective roles by regulating pathophysiological mechanisms and signaling pathways. Moreover, melatonin levels are decreased in patients with neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the regulation, molecular mechanisms and biological functions of melatonin in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, vascular dementia and multiple sclerosis. We also discuss the clinical application of melatonin in neurodegenerative disorders. This information will lead to a better understanding of the regulation of melatonin in the brain and provide therapeutic options for the treatment of various neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Chen
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (T.H.L.); Tel.: +86-591-2286-2498 (D.C.); +86-591-2286-2498 (T.H.L.)
| | | | - Tae Ho Lee
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (T.H.L.); Tel.: +86-591-2286-2498 (D.C.); +86-591-2286-2498 (T.H.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Yeh WZ, Gresle M, Jokubaitis V, Stankovich J, van der Walt A, Butzkueven H. Immunoregulatory effects and therapeutic potential of vitamin D in multiple sclerosis. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:4113-4133. [PMID: 32668009 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Initially recognised as an important factor for bone health, vitamin D is now known to have a range of effects on the immune system. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increased risk of multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic immune-mediated demyelinating disease of the CNS. In this review, we explore the links between vitamin D deficiency, MS risk, and disease activity. We also discuss the known immune effects of vitamin D supplementation and the relevance of these observations to the immunopathology of MS. Finally, we review the existing evidence for vitamin D supplementation as an MS therapy, highlighting several recent clinical studies and trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhen Yeh
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melissa Gresle
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vilija Jokubaitis
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jim Stankovich
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anneke van der Walt
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helmut Butzkueven
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
A Journey to the Conformational Analysis of T-Cell Epitope Peptides Involved in Multiple Sclerosis. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10060356. [PMID: 32521758 PMCID: PMC7349157 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10060356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a serious central nervous system (CNS) disease responsible for disability problems and deterioration of the quality of life. Several approaches have been applied to medications entering the market to treat this disease. However, no effective therapy currently exists, and the available drugs simply ameliorate the destructive disability effects of the disease. In this review article, we report on the efforts that have been conducted towards establishing the conformational properties of wild-type myelin basic protein (MBP), myelin proteolipid protein (PLP), myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) epitopes or altered peptide ligands (ALPs). These efforts have led to the aim of discovering some non-peptide mimetics possessing considerable activity against the disease. These efforts have contributed also to unveiling the molecular basis of the molecular interactions implicated in the trimolecular complex, T-cell receptor (TCR)–peptide–major histocompatibility complex (MHC) or human leucocyte antigen (HLA).
Collapse
|
32
|
Kappa Free Light Chains and IgG Combined in a Novel Algorithm for the Detection of Multiple Sclerosis. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10060324. [PMID: 32471086 PMCID: PMC7349504 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10060324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: It is well known that the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of free light chains (FLC) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) are elevated in multiple sclerosis patients (MS). Therefore, in this study we aimed to develop a model based on the concentrations of free light chains and IgG to predict multiple sclerosis. We tried to evaluate the diagnostic usefulness of the novel κIgG index and λIgG index, here presented for the first time, and compare them with the κFLC index and the λFLC index in multiple sclerosis patients. Methods: CSF and serum samples were obtained from 76 subjects who underwent lumbar puncture for diagnostic purposes and, as a result, were divided into two groups: patients with multiple sclerosis (n = 34) and patients with other neurological disorders (control group; n = 42). The samples were analyzed using turbidimetry and isoelectric focusing. The κIgG index, λIgG index, κFLC index, and λFLC index were calculated using specific formulas. Results: The concentrations of CSF κFLC, CSF λFLC, and serum κFLC and the values of κFLC index, λFLC index, and κIgG index were significantly higher in patients with multiple sclerosis compared to controls. CSF κFLC concentration and the values of κFLC index, λFLC index, and κIgG index differed in patients depending on their pattern type of oligoclonal bands. κFLC concentration was significantly higher in patients with pattern type 2 and type 3 in comparison to those with pattern type 1 and type 4. The κFLC index, λFLC index, and κIgG index were significantly higher in patients with pattern type 2 in comparison to those with pattern type 4. The κFLC index and κIgG index were significantly higher in patients with pattern type 2 in comparison to those with pattern type 1, and in patients with pattern type 3 compared to those with pattern type 4. The κIgG index was markedly elevated in patients with pattern type 3 compared to those with pattern type 1. In the total study group, κFLC, λFLC, κFLC index, λFLC index, κIgG index, and λIgG index correlated with each other. The κIgG index showed the highest diagnostic power (area under the curve, AUC) in the detection of multiple sclerosis. The κFLC index and κIgG index showed the highest diagnostic sensitivity, and the κIgG index presented the highest ability to exclude multiple sclerosis. Conclusion: This study provides novel information about the diagnostic significance of four markers combined in the κIgG index. More investigations in larger study groups are needed to confirm that the κIgG index can reflect the intrathecal synthesis of immunoglobulins and may improve the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis.
Collapse
|
33
|
Unraveling the T-B tangle in anti-CD20 multiple sclerosis therapy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:25376-25377. [PMID: 31792182 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1919044116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
|
34
|
Human intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of autologous, non-engineered, adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (ADSVF) for neurodegenerative disorders: results of a 3-year phase 1 study of 113 injections in 31 patients. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:5257-5272. [PMID: 31327120 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04983-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We have chosen to test the safety of human intracerebroventricular (ICV) brain injections of autologous non-genetically-modified adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (ADSVF). In this IRB-approved trial, 24 patients received ICV ADSVF via an implanted reservoir between 5/22/14 and 5/22/17. Seven others were injected via their ventriculo-peritoneal shunts. Ten patients had Alzheimer's disease (AD), 6 had amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), 6 had progressive multiple sclerosis (MS-P), 6 had Parkinson's "Plus" (PD+), 1 had spinal cord injury, 1 had traumatic brain injury, and 1 had stroke. Median age was 74 (range 41-83). Injections were planned every 2-3 months. Thirty-one patients had 113 injections. Patients received SVF injection volumes of 3.5-20 cc (median:4 cc) containing 4.05 × 105 to 6.2 × 107 cells/cc, which contained an average of 8% hematopoietic and 7.5% adipose stem cells. Follow-up ranged from 0 to 36 months (median: 9.2 months). MRIs post injection(s) were unchanged, except for one AD patient whose hippocampal volume increased from < 5th percentile to 48th percentile (NeuroQuant® volumetric MRI). Of the 10 AD patients, 8 were stable or improved in tests of cognition. Two showed improvement in P-tau and ß-amyloid levels. Of the 6 MS-P patients all are stable or improved. Four of 6 ALS patients died of disease progression. Twelve of 111 injections (11%) led to 1-4 days of transient meningismus, and mild temperature elevation, which resolved with acetaminophen and/or dexamethasone. Two (1.8% of injections) required hospitalization for these symptoms. One patient (0.9% of injections) had his reservoir removed and later replaced for presumed infection. In this Phase 1 safety trial, ADSVF was safely injected into the human brain ventricular system in patients with no other treatment options. Secondary endpoints of clinical improvement or stability were particularly promising in the AD and MS-P groups. These results will be submitted for a Phase 2 FDA-approved trial.
Collapse
|
35
|
Ogasawara D, Ichu TA, Vartabedian VF, Benthuysen J, Jing H, Reed A, Ulanovskaya OA, Hulce JJ, Roberts A, Brown S, Rosen H, Teijaro JR, Cravatt BF. Selective blockade of the lyso-PS lipase ABHD12 stimulates immune responses in vivo. Nat Chem Biol 2018; 14:1099-1108. [PMID: 30420694 PMCID: PMC6263940 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-018-0155-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
ABHD12 metabolizes bioactive lysophospholipids, including lysophosphatidylserine (lyso-PS). Deleterious mutations in human ABHD12 cause the neurological disease PHARC, and ABHD12-/- mice display PHARC-like phenotypes, including hearing loss, along with elevated brain lyso-PS and features of stimulated innate immune cell function. Here, we develop a selective and in vivo-active inhibitor of ABHD12 termed DO264 and show that this compound elevates lyso-PS in mouse brain and primary human macrophages. Unlike ABHD12-/- mice, adult mice treated with DO264 exhibited minimal perturbations in auditory function. On the other hand, both DO264-treated and ABHD12-/- mice displayed heightened immunological responses to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) clone 13 infection that manifested as severe lung pathology with elevated proinflammatory chemokines. These results reveal similarities and differences in the phenotypic impact of pharmacological versus genetic blockade of ABHD12 and point to a key role for this enzyme in regulating immunostimulatory lipid pathways in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Ogasawara
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Taka-Aki Ichu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Vincent F Vartabedian
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Hui Jing
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alex Reed
- Abide Therapeutics, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Jonathan J Hulce
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Amanda Roberts
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Steven Brown
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hugh Rosen
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - John R Teijaro
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Benjamin F Cravatt
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
De Riccardis L, Ferramosca A, Danieli A, Trianni G, Zara V, De Robertis F, Maffia M. Metabolic response to glatiramer acetate therapy in multiple sclerosis patients. BBA CLINICAL 2016; 6:131-137. [PMID: 27785417 PMCID: PMC5079236 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbacli.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glatiramer acetate (GA; Copaxone) is a random copolymer of glutamic acid, lysine, alanine, and tyrosine used for the treatment of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Its mechanism of action has not been already fully elucidated, but it seems that GA has an immune-modulatory effect and neuro-protective properties. Lymphocyte mitochondrial dysfunction underlines the onset of several autoimmune disorders. In MS first diagnosis patients, CD4+, the main T cell subset involved in the pathogenesis of MS, undergo a metabolic reprogramming that consist in the up-regulation of glycolysis and in the down-regulation of oxidative phosphorylation. Currently, no works exist about CD4+ T cell metabolism in response to GA treatment. In order to provide novel insight into the potential use of GA in MS treatment, blood samples were collected from 20 healthy controls (HCs) and from 20 RR MS patients prior and every 6 months during the 12 months of GA administration. GA treated patients' CD4+ T cells were compared with those from HCs analysing their mitochondrial activity through polarographic and enzymatic methods in association with their antioxidant status, through the analysis of SOD, GPx and CAT activities. Altogether, our findings suggest that GA is able to reduce CD4+ T lymphocytes' dysfunctions by increasing mitochondrial activity and their response to oxidative stress. GA is able to reduce CD4 + T cell's dysfunctions in MS patients; A CD4 + T cell metabolic response in GA treated patients is proposed; Metabolic response relies on changes in mitochondrial activity and in antioxidative status.
Collapse
Key Words
- CAT, catalase
- CD4+ T cells
- CNS, central nervous system
- CS, citrate synthase
- EAE, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
- GPX, glutathione peroxidase
- GR, glutathione reductase
- Glycolysis
- HK, hexokinase
- MCT, mono-carboxylate transporters
- MS, Multiple Sclerosis
- Multiple sclerosis
- OXPHOS
- OXPHOS, oxidative phosphorylation
- Oxidative stress
- PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cell
- PFK, phosphofructokinase
- RCR, respiratory control ratio
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- RRMS, Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- Th, T helper
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lidia De Riccardis
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, Lecce, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ferramosca
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, Lecce, Italy
| | - Antonio Danieli
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, Lecce, Italy
| | - Giorgio Trianni
- Department of Neurology, "Vito Fazzi" Hospital, ASL-Lecce, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Zara
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, Lecce, Italy
| | | | - Michele Maffia
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, Lecce, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Zhang Y, Huang R, Zhang Y, Yi H, Bai Y, Chao J, Yao H. IL-17 induces MIP-1α expression in primary mouse astrocytes via TRPC channel. Inflammopharmacology 2016; 24:33-42. [PMID: 26782821 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-015-0256-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated IL-17-mediated induction of MIP-1α through its binding to the cognate IL-17RA and MIP-1α was involved in astrocyte activation. Transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channel was involved in astrocyte activation, however, whether TRPC channel regulates MIP-1α expression in the context of multiple sclerosis (MS) remains largely unknown. In this study we identify the essential role of TRPC channel in IL-17-mediated MIP-1α expression and astrocyte activation. Moreover, treatment of astrocytes with IL-17 activated MAPKs and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways with downstream NF-κB pathways. Interestingly, the TRPC blocker-SKF96365 (10 μM) and Norgestimate (10 μM) significantly inhibited the increased expression of MIP-1α via suppression of IL-17-mediated ERK, p38 and JNK MAPKs and PI3K/Akt pathway activation, thereby underscoring the role of TRPC channel in this process. Together these data underpin the role of TRPC channel as a novel target that regulates MIP-1α expression and cell activation-mediated by IL-17 with implications for therapeutic intervention for reversal of neuroinflammation inflicted by IL-17. Understanding the regulation of MIP-1α expression may provide insights into the development of potential therapeutic targets for neuroinflammation associated with MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rongrong Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanhong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongwei Yi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Bai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Chao
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Honghong Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China. .,Institute of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Partridge MA, Myers SJ, Gopinath S, Coorssen JR. Proteomics of a conundrum: Thoughts on addressing the aetiology versus progression of multiple sclerosis. Proteomics Clin Appl 2015; 9:838-43. [PMID: 25580822 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201400141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Currently in the field of multiple sclerosis (MS) research there is an ongoing debate concerning the cause of the disease. MS is widely considered to begin with an autoimmune dysregulation. The disease does have a prominent autoimmune component however this may be representative of a secondary effect. There is growing evidence that the disease may be initiated by an underlying degeneration of oligodendrocytes. In our viewpoint, we discuss the potential differences between the aetiology and progression of MS. For the most part, proteomic analysis has focused on the autoimmune component of the disease. We suggest that proteomic analysis should be applied to investigating oligodendrocyte degeneration. We discuss the potential of the cuprizone animal model of demyelination and its usefulness in understanding oligodendrocyte degeneration. Immune suppressive therapies are effective at reducing clinical symptoms and improving quality of life. However, a cure is still lacking and as such the disease does still progress. We suggest that if the initiating cause is poorly understood, then curing MS is unlikely.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Partridge
- Department of Molecular Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, NSW, Australia.,Molecular Medicine Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon J Myers
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, NSW, Australia.,Neuro-Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Sumana Gopinath
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, NSW, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Campbelltown Hospital, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Jens R Coorssen
- Department of Molecular Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, NSW, Australia.,Molecular Medicine Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review will explore two new aspects of the involvement of viruses in multiple sclerosis pathogenesis. The first aspect is the complex interactions between viruses. The second aspect is the proposal of a mechanism by which autoreactive T cells are able to escape thymic selection and potentially recognize self and a pathogen. RECENT FINDINGS With regard to viruses, recent work has demonstrated that one virus may enhance the replication of another virus, potentially leading to an increase in inflammation and disease progression. Also, interactions between human endogenous retroviruses, which likely do not replicate, and certain herpes viruses, may also play a role in disease pathogenesis. Mechanistically, T cells expressing dual T-cell receptors would be able to recognize self and a foreign antigen specifically. Therefore, human endogenous retroviruses potentially play a role in multiple sclerosis pathogenesis, and both interactions between multiple viruses and autoreactive CD8(+) T cells with dual T-cell receptors may play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease. SUMMARY The complex interactions between multiple viral infections, either within the central nervous system or in the periphery, and the host immune response to viral infection may be such that a variety of viral specificities result in the activation of T cells that recognize self and induce multiple sclerosis. Therefore, it is unlikely that any one microbe will be determined to be the causative agent of multiple sclerosis as reflected by the number of potential triggering mechanisms of the disease.
Collapse
|
40
|
Newland PK, Flick LH, Thomas FP, Shannon WD. Identifying symptom co-occurrence in persons with multiple sclerosis. Clin Nurs Res 2013; 23:529-43. [PMID: 24045652 DOI: 10.1177/1054773813497221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) experience a myriad of symptoms. There is some evidence that symptoms may co-occur, or happen in particular combinations. Yet most existing studies focus on single symptoms and practitioners make a priori care decisions based on individual symptoms alone. We examined symptom co-occurrences in patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), collecting qualitative and quantitative data (mixed methods; N = 140). Content analysis revealed fatigue, heat intolerance, numbness, balance problems, and leg weakness as the most common symptoms. Factor analysis revealed the following factors: urinary, problems with balance, vision, heat, depression, and sleep. These preliminary findings indicate co-occurrence of several disabling symptoms from the overall self-report MS-Related Symptom Scale and 3-month recall. This information will guide health care professionals in developing targeted interventions and improve outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pamela K Newland
- Southern Illinois University School of Nursing, Edwardsville, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Schneider R. Autoantibodies to Potassium Channel KIR4.1 in Multiple Sclerosis. Front Neurol 2013; 4:125. [PMID: 24032025 PMCID: PMC3759297 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2013.00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Schneider
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Stys PK. Pathoetiology of multiple sclerosis: are we barking up the wrong tree? F1000PRIME REPORTS 2013; 5:20. [PMID: 23755367 PMCID: PMC3673225 DOI: 10.12703/p5-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite a century of intensive investigation, the underlying cause of multiple sclerosis has eluded us. It is clear that there exists a prominent progressive degenerative phenotype together with an important autoimmune inflammatory component, and careful histopathological examination always shows, to a greater or lesser degree, concomitant degeneration/demyelination and adaptive T cell-dependent immune responses. Given this picture, it is difficult, if not impossible, to definitively say whether degeneration or autoimmunity is the initiator of the disease. In this review, I put forward the evidence for and against both models and speculate that, in contrast to the accepted view, it is equally likely that multiple sclerosis may be a degenerative disease that secondarily elicits an autoimmune response, and suggest how this might influence therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
|
43
|
Gharagozli K, Poorsaadat L, Harandi AA, Pakdaman H, Kalanie H. Frequency distribution of the first clinical symptoms in the Iranian population with multiple sclerosis. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY 2012; 11:118-20. [PMID: 24250877 PMCID: PMC3829256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Initial symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS) may be varied and nonspecific. We tried to find the frequency distribution of the first clinical symptoms in Iranian patients with MS. METHODS In a case series study, 1130 patients with definite diagnosis of MS who had been referred to three referral university hospitals of Tehran, Iran, were enrolled. The patients' medical records were reviewed for neurological history to find the first symptom at presentation. RESULTS 884 (78.2%) patients were female and 246 (21.8%) were male. The mean ± SD age of patients was 31.4 ± 9.1 years. The most common initial symptoms were motor in 492 (43.5%), ocular in 366 (32.4%), cerebellar in 91 (8.1%), sensory in 76 (6.7%), cranial nerve involvement in 51 (4.5%), and fatigue in 23 (2%) patients. There was no difference between female and male patients in first clinical symptoms (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION The motor symptoms were the most common finding at presentation in the Iranian population with MS. Complementary studies with larger sample sizes are needed to increase the external validity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kurosh Gharagozli
- Department of Neurology, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|