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Díaz M, Fabelo N, Martín MV, Santos G, Ferrer I. Evidence for alterations in lipid profiles and biophysical properties of lipid rafts from spinal cord in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Mol Med (Berl) 2024; 102:391-402. [PMID: 38285093 PMCID: PMC10879240 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-024-02419-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an age-dependent neurodegenerative disease affecting motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem whose etiopathogenesis remains unclear. Recent studies have linked major neurodegenerative diseases with altered function of multimolecular lipid-protein complexes named lipid rafts. In the present study, we have isolated lipid rafts from the anterior horn of the spinal cords of controls and ALS individuals and analysed their lipid composition. We found that ALS affects levels of different fatty acids, lipid classes and related ratios and indexes. The most significant changes affected the contents of n-9/n-7 monounsaturated fatty acids and arachidonic acid, the main n-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA), which were higher in ALS lipid rafts. Paralleling these findings, ALS lipid rafts lower saturates-to-unsaturates ratio compared to controls. Further, levels of cholesteryl ester (SE) and anionic-to-zwitterionic phospholipids ratio were augmented in ALS lipid rafts, while sulfatide contents were reduced. Further, regression analyses revealed augmented SE esterification to (mono)unsaturated fatty acids in ALS, but to saturates in controls. Overall, these changes indicate that lipid rafts from ALS spinal cord undergo destabilization of the lipid structure, which might impact their biophysical properties, likely leading to more fluid membranes. Indeed, estimations of membrane microviscosity confirmed less viscous membranes in ALS, as well as more mobile yet smaller lipid rafts compared to surrounding membranes. Overall, these results demonstrate that the changes in ALS lipid rafts are unrelated to oxidative stress, but to anomalies in lipid metabolism and/or lipid raft membrane biogenesis in motor neurons. KEY MESSAGES: The lipid matrix of multimolecular membrane complexes named lipid rafts are altered in human spinal cord in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Lipid rafts from ALS spinal cord contain higher levels of n-6 LCPUFA (but not n-3 LCPUFA), n-7/n-9 monounsaturates and lower saturates-to-unsaturates ratio. ALS lipid rafts display increased contents of cholesteryl esters, anomalous anionic-to-zwitterionic phospholipids and phospholipid remodelling and reduced sulphated and total sphingolipid levels, compared to control lipid rafts. Destabilization of the lipid structure of lipid raft affects their biophysical properties and leads to more fluid, less viscous membrane microdomains. The changes in ALS lipid rafts are unlikely related to increased oxidative stress, but to anomalies in lipid metabolism and/or raft membrane biogenesis in motor neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Díaz
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
- Instituto Universitario de Neurociencias (IUNE), University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
| | - Noemí Fabelo
- Laboratory of Membrane Physiology and Biophysics, School of Sciences, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - M Virginia Martín
- Centro Oceanográfico de Canarias (COC-IEO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 38180, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Guido Santos
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Cellular Biology and Genetics. School of Sciences, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Isidre Ferrer
- University of Barcelona, 08907, Hospitalet de LLobregatBarcelona, Spain
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Curieses Andrés CM, Pérez de la Lastra JM, Andrés Juan C, Plou FJ, Pérez-Lebeña E. From reactive species to disease development: Effect of oxidants and antioxidants on the cellular biomarkers. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23455. [PMID: 37437103 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
The influence of modern lifestyle, diet, exposure to chemicals such as phytosanitary substances, together with sedentary lifestyles and lack of exercise play an important role in inducing reactive stress (RS) and disease. The imbalance in the production and scavenging of free radicals and the induction of RS (oxidative, nitrosative, and halogenative) plays an essential role in the etiology of various chronic pathologies, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. The implication of free radicals and reactive species injury in metabolic disturbances and the onset of many diseases have been accumulating for several decades, and are now accepted as a major cause of many chronic diseases. Exposure to elevated levels of free radicals can cause molecular structural impact on proteins, lipids, and DNA, as well as functional alteration of enzyme homeostasis, leading to aberrations in gene expression. Endogenous depletion of antioxidant enzymes can be mitigated using exogenous antioxidants. The current interest in the use of exogenous antioxidants as adjunctive agents for the treatment of human diseases allows a better understanding of these diseases, facilitating the development of new therapeutic agents with antioxidant activity to improve the treatment of various diseases. Here we examine the role that RS play in the initiation of disease and in the reactivity of free radicals and RS in organic and inorganic cellular components.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Celia Andrés Juan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Cinquima Institute, Faculty of Sciences, Valladolid University, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Plou
- Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry, CSIC-Spanish Research Council, Madrid, Spain
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Nango H, Tsuruta K, Miyagishi H, Aono Y, Saigusa T, Kosuge Y. Update on the pathological roles of prostaglandin E 2 in neurodegeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Transl Neurodegener 2023; 12:32. [PMID: 37337289 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-023-00366-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by selective degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons. The pathogenesis of ALS remains largely unknown; however, inflammation of the spinal cord is a focus of ALS research and an important pathogenic process in ALS. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a major lipid mediator generated by the arachidonic-acid cascade and is abundant at inflammatory sites. PGE2 levels are increased in the postmortem spinal cords of ALS patients and in ALS model mice. Beneficial therapeutic effects have been obtained in ALS model mice using cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors to inhibit the biosynthesis of PGE2, but the usefulness of this inhibitor has not yet been proven in clinical trials. In this review, we present current evidence on the involvement of PGE2 in the progression of ALS and discuss the potential of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase (mPGES) and the prostaglandin receptor E-prostanoid (EP) 2 as therapeutic targets for ALS. Signaling pathways involving prostaglandin receptors mediate toxic effects in the central nervous system. In some situations, however, the receptors mediate neuroprotective effects. Our recent studies demonstrated that levels of mPGES-1, which catalyzes the final step of PGE2 biosynthesis, are increased at the early-symptomatic stage in the spinal cords of transgenic ALS model mice carrying the G93A variant of superoxide dismutase-1. In addition, in an experimental motor-neuron model used in studies of ALS, PGE2 induces the production of reactive oxygen species and subsequent caspase-3-dependent cytotoxicity through activation of the EP2 receptor. Moreover, this PGE2-induced EP2 up-regulation in motor neurons plays a role in the death of motor neurons in ALS model mice. Further understanding of the pathophysiological role of PGE2 in neurodegeneration may provide new insights to guide the development of novel therapies for ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Nango
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi-Shi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan
| | - Komugi Tsuruta
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi-Shi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroko Miyagishi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi-Shi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan
| | - Yuri Aono
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Nihon University, 2-870-1 Sakaechonishi, Matsudo-Shi, Chiba, 271-8587, Japan
| | - Tadashi Saigusa
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Nihon University, 2-870-1 Sakaechonishi, Matsudo-Shi, Chiba, 271-8587, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kosuge
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi-Shi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan.
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Shadfar S, Parakh S, Jamali MS, Atkin JD. Redox dysregulation as a driver for DNA damage and its relationship to neurodegenerative diseases. Transl Neurodegener 2023; 12:18. [PMID: 37055865 PMCID: PMC10103468 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-023-00350-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Redox homeostasis refers to the balance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and their elimination by antioxidants. It is linked to all important cellular activities and oxidative stress is a result of imbalance between pro-oxidants and antioxidant species. Oxidative stress perturbs many cellular activities, including processes that maintain the integrity of DNA. Nucleic acids are highly reactive and therefore particularly susceptible to damage. The DNA damage response detects and repairs these DNA lesions. Efficient DNA repair processes are therefore essential for maintaining cellular viability, but they decline considerably during aging. DNA damage and deficiencies in DNA repair are increasingly described in age-related neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Huntington's disease. Furthermore, oxidative stress has long been associated with these conditions. Moreover, both redox dysregulation and DNA damage increase significantly during aging, which is the biggest risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases. However, the links between redox dysfunction and DNA damage, and their joint contributions to pathophysiology in these conditions, are only just emerging. This review will discuss these associations and address the increasing evidence for redox dysregulation as an important and major source of DNA damage in neurodegenerative disorders. Understanding these connections may facilitate a better understanding of disease mechanisms, and ultimately lead to the design of better therapeutic strategies based on preventing both redox dysregulation and DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Shadfar
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
| | - Sonam Parakh
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Md Shafi Jamali
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Julie D Atkin
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia.
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Impact of Reactive Species on Amino Acids-Biological Relevance in Proteins and Induced Pathologies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214049. [PMID: 36430532 PMCID: PMC9692786 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This review examines the impact of reactive species RS (of oxygen ROS, nitrogen RNS and halogens RHS) on various amino acids, analyzed from a reactive point of view of how during these reactions, the molecules are hydroxylated, nitrated, or halogenated such that they can lose their capacity to form part of the proteins or peptides, and can lose their function. The reactions of the RS with several amino acids are described, and an attempt was made to review and explain the chemical mechanisms of the formation of the hydroxylated, nitrated, and halogenated derivatives. One aim of this work is to provide a theoretical analysis of the amino acids and derivatives compounds in the possible positions. Tyrosine, methionine, cysteine, and tryptophan can react with the harmful peroxynitrite or •OH and •NO2 radicals and glycine, serine, alanine, valine, arginine, lysine, tyrosine, histidine, cysteine, methionine, cystine, tryptophan, glutamine and asparagine can react with hypochlorous acid HOCl. These theoretical results may help to explain the loss of function of proteins subjected to these three types of reactive stresses. We hope that this work can help to assess the potential damage that reactive species can cause to free amino acids or the corresponding residues when they are part of peptides and proteins.
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Petzold A. The 2022 Lady Estelle Wolfson lectureship on neurofilaments. J Neurochem 2022; 163:179-219. [PMID: 35950263 PMCID: PMC9826399 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Neurofilament proteins (Nf) have been validated and established as a reliable body fluid biomarker for neurodegenerative pathology. This review covers seven Nf isoforms, Nf light (NfL), two splicing variants of Nf medium (NfM), two splicing variants of Nf heavy (NfH), α -internexin (INA) and peripherin (PRPH). The genetic and epigenetic aspects of Nf are discussed as relevant for neurodegenerative diseases and oncology. The comprehensive list of mutations for all Nf isoforms covers Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Charcot-Marie Tooth disease, Spinal muscular atrophy, Parkinson Disease and Lewy Body Dementia. Next, emphasis is given to the expanding field of post-translational modifications (PTM) of the Nf amino acid residues. Protein structural aspects are reviewed alongside PTMs causing neurodegenerative pathology and human autoimmunity. Molecular visualisations of NF PTMs, assembly and stoichiometry make use of Alphafold2 modelling. The implications for Nf function on the cellular level and axonal transport are discussed. Neurofilament aggregate formation and proteolytic breakdown are reviewed as relevant for biomarker tests and disease. Likewise, Nf stoichiometry is reviewed with regard to in vitro experiments and as a compensatory mechanism in neurodegeneration. The review of Nf across a spectrum of 87 diseases from all parts of medicine is followed by a critical appraisal of 33 meta-analyses on Nf body fluid levels. The review concludes with considerations for clinical trial design and an outlook for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Petzold
- Department of NeurodegenerationQueen Square Insitute of Neurology, UCLLondonUK
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Soejima-Kusunoki A, Okada K, Saito R, Watabe K. The Protective Effect of Edaravone on TDP-43 Plus Oxidative Stress-Induced Neurotoxicity in Neuronal Cells: Analysis of Its Neuroprotective Mechanisms Using RNA Sequencing. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15070842. [PMID: 35890141 PMCID: PMC9319738 DOI: 10.3390/ph15070842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Edaravone is a free-radical scavenger drug that was recently approved for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a neurodegenerative disease. A pathological hallmark of ALS is the accumulation of ubiquitinated or phosphorylated aggregates of the 43-kDa transactive response DNA binding protein (TDP-43) within the cytoplasm of motor neurons. This study revealed the efficacy of edaravone in preventing neuronal cell death in a TDP-43 proteinopathy model and analyzed the molecular changes associated with the neuroprotection. The viability of the neuronal cells expressing TDP-43 was reduced by oxidative stress, and edaravone (≥10 μmol/L) protected in a concentration-dependent manner against the neurotoxic insult. Differential gene expression analysis revealed changes among pathways related to nuclear erythroid 2-related-factor (Nrf2)-mediated oxidative stress response in cells expressing TDP-43. In edaravone-treated cells expressing TDP-43, significant changes in gene expression were also identified among Nrf2-oxidative response, unfolded protein response, and autophagy pathways. In addition, the expression of genes belonging to phosphatidylinositol metabolism pathways was modified. These findings suggest that the neuroprotective effect of edaravone involves the prevention of TDP-43 misfolding and enhanced clearance of pathological TDP-43 in TDP-43 proteinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Soejima-Kusunoki
- Research Unit of Neuroscience, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Yokohama 227-0033, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Kinya Okada
- Discovery Technology Laboratories, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Yokohama 227-0033, Japan; (K.O.); (R.S.)
| | - Ryuta Saito
- Discovery Technology Laboratories, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Yokohama 227-0033, Japan; (K.O.); (R.S.)
| | - Kazuhiko Watabe
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, Tokyo 181-8612, Japan;
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8
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Reactive oxygen species, the trident of Neptune in the hands of hecate; role in different diseases, signaling pathways, and detection methods. Arch Biochem Biophys 2022; 728:109357. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2022.109357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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SOD1 in ALS: Taking Stock in Pathogenic Mechanisms and the Role of Glial and Muscle Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040614. [PMID: 35453299 PMCID: PMC9032988 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. While the exact causes of ALS are still unclear, the discovery that familial cases of ALS are related to mutations in the Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1), a key antioxidant enzyme protecting cells from the deleterious effects of superoxide radicals, suggested that alterations in SOD1 functionality and/or aberrant SOD1 aggregation strongly contribute to ALS pathogenesis. A new scenario was opened in which, thanks to the generation of SOD1 related models, different mechanisms crucial for ALS progression were identified. These include excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunctions, and non-cell autonomous toxicity, also implicating altered Ca2+ metabolism. While most of the literature considers motor neurons as primary target of SOD1-mediated effects, here we mainly discuss the effects of SOD1 mutations in non-neuronal cells, such as glial and skeletal muscle cells, in ALS. Attention is given to the altered redox balance and Ca2+ homeostasis, two processes that are strictly related with each other. We also provide original data obtained in primary myocytes derived from hSOD1(G93A) transgenic mice, showing perturbed expression of Ca2+ transporters that may be responsible for altered mitochondrial Ca2+ fluxes. ALS-related SOD1 mutants are also responsible for early alterations of fundamental biological processes in skeletal myocytes that may impinge on skeletal muscle functions and the cross-talk between muscle cells and motor neurons during disease progression.
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Yadav RK, Mehan S, Sahu R, Kumar S, Khan A, Makeen HA, Al Bratty M. Protective effects of apigenin on methylmercury-induced behavioral/neurochemical abnormalities and neurotoxicity in rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2022; 41:9603271221084276. [PMID: 35373622 DOI: 10.1177/09603271221084276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a neurotoxin that induces neurotoxicity and cell death in neurons. MeHg increases oligodendrocyte death, glial cell activation, and motor neuron demyelination in the motor cortex and spinal cord. As a result, MeHg plays an important role in developing neurocomplications similar to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Recent research has implicated c-JNK and p38MAPK overactivation in the pathogenesis of ALS. Apigenin (APG) is a flavonoid having anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and c-JNK/p38MAPK inhibitory activities. The purpose of this study is to determine whether APG possesses neuroprotective effects in MeHg-induced neurotoxicity in adult rats associated with ALS-like neuropathological alterations. In the current study, the neurotoxin MeHg causes an ALS-like phenotype in Wistar rats after 21 days of oral administration at a dose of 5 mg/kg. Prolonged administration of APG (40 and 80 mg/kg) improved neurobehavioral parameters such as learning memory, cognition, motor coordination, and grip strength. This is mainly associated with the downregulation of c-JNK and p38MAPK signaling as well as the restoration of myelin basic protein within the brain. Furthermore, APG inhibited neuronal apoptotic markers (Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3), restored neurotransmitter imbalance, decreased inflammatory markers (TNF- and IL-1), and alleviated oxidative damage. As a result, the current study shows that APG has neuroprotective potential as a c-JNK and p38MAPK signaling inhibitor against MeHg-induced neurotoxicity in adult rats. Based on these promising findings, we suggested that APG could be a potential new therapeutic approach over other conventional therapeutic approaches for MeHg-induced neurotoxicity in neurobehavioral, molecular, and neurochemical abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeshwar Kumar Yadav
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, 75126ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, 75126ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Rakesh Sahu
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, 75126ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, 75126ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Andleeb Khan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, 123285Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hafiz Antar Makeen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, 123285Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al Bratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, 123285Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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Boas SM, Joyce KL, Cowell RM. The NRF2-Dependent Transcriptional Regulation of Antioxidant Defense Pathways: Relevance for Cell Type-Specific Vulnerability to Neurodegeneration and Therapeutic Intervention. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:antiox11010008. [PMID: 35052512 PMCID: PMC8772787 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been implicated in the etiology and pathobiology of various neurodegenerative diseases. At baseline, the cells of the nervous system have the capability to regulate the genes for antioxidant defenses by engaging nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NFE2/NRF)-dependent transcriptional mechanisms, and a number of strategies have been proposed to activate these pathways to promote neuroprotection. Here, we briefly review the biology of the transcription factors of the NFE2/NRF family in the brain and provide evidence for the differential cellular localization of NFE2/NRF family members in the cells of the nervous system. We then discuss these findings in the context of the oxidative stress observed in two neurodegenerative diseases, Parkinson's disease (PD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and present current strategies for activating NFE2/NRF-dependent transcription. Based on the expression of the NFE2/NRF family members in restricted populations of neurons and glia, we propose that, when designing strategies to engage these pathways for neuroprotection, the relative contributions of neuronal and non-neuronal cell types to the overall oxidative state of tissue should be considered, as well as the cell types which have the greatest intrinsic capacity for producing antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M. Boas
- Department of Neuroscience, Southern Research, 2000 9th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA; (S.M.B.); (K.L.J.)
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Kathlene L. Joyce
- Department of Neuroscience, Southern Research, 2000 9th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA; (S.M.B.); (K.L.J.)
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Rita M. Cowell
- Department of Neuroscience, Southern Research, 2000 9th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA; (S.M.B.); (K.L.J.)
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Correspondence:
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Povedano M, Paipa A, Barceló M, Woodward MK, Ortega S, Domínguez R, Aragonés ME, Horrillo R, Costa M, Páez A. Plasma exchange with albumin replacement and disease progression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a pilot study. Neurol Sci 2021; 43:3211-3221. [PMID: 34791571 PMCID: PMC9018657 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05723-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Plasma exchange (PE) is used to treat a range of neurological disorders. Based on results demonstrated in Alzheimer’s disease, we theorized that PE with albumin replacement (PE-A) might alter the metabolic profile of plasma and cerebrospinal fluid in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) by removing disease-inducing molecules. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of PE-A on disease progression in ALS. Methods In this open-label, non-controlled, single-arm, prospective pilot study, 13 adults with ALS had 6 months’ treatment with PE-A 5% and 6 months’ follow-up. Primary endpoints were changes from baseline in the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale-Revised (ALSFRS-R) score and forced vital capacity (FVC) through 48 weeks. A post hoc analysis compared individual patient data with the expected ALSFRS-R progression slope. Results The median ALSFRS-R score declined throughout the study, although the rate of decline was slower than expected in seven patients at treatment end and in five patients at study end. Six patients remained in the same baseline slope progression category, and four patients improved their slope category at treatment end. Median FVC decreased significantly during the study. Treatment was well tolerated. Of 330 PE-A procedures, 0.9% were associated with potentially related adverse events. Conclusion Although functional impairment progressed, about two-thirds of patients showed a slower than expected rate of decline at treatment end. Most patients had unaltered (54.5%) or reduced (36.4%) ALSFRS-R slope progression at treatment end. Further evaluation of PE-A in controlled studies involving more patients is warranted. EudraCT number 2013-004842-40. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02479802.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Povedano
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Andrés Paipa
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Barceló
- Grifols Bioscience Research Group, Grifols, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Sandra Ortega
- Department of Apheresis, Banc de Sang i Teixits, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raúl Domínguez
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Raquel Horrillo
- Grifols Bioscience Research Group, Grifols, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Páez
- Grifols Bioscience Research Group, Grifols, Barcelona, Spain
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Méndez-López I, Sancho-Bielsa FJ, Engel T, García AG, Padín JF. Progressive Mitochondrial SOD1 G93A Accumulation Causes Severe Structural, Metabolic and Functional Aberrations through OPA1 Down-Regulation in a Mouse Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158194. [PMID: 34360957 PMCID: PMC8347639 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the “non-autonomous motor neuron death” hypothesis has become more consolidated behind amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). It postulates that cells other than motor neurons participate in the pathology. In fact, the involvement of the autonomic nervous system is fundamental since patients die of sudden death when they become unable to compensate for cardiorespiratory arrest. Mitochondria are thought to play a fundamental role in the physiopathology of ALS, as they are compromised in multiple ALS models in different cell types, and it also occurs in other neurodegenerative diseases. Our study aimed to uncover mitochondrial alterations in the sympathoadrenal system of a mouse model of ALS, from a structural, bioenergetic and functional perspective during disease instauration. We studied the adrenal chromaffin cell from mutant SOD1G93A mouse at pre-symptomatic and symptomatic stages. The mitochondrial accumulation of the mutated SOD1G93A protein and the down-regulation of optic atrophy protein-1 (OPA1) provoke mitochondrial ultrastructure alterations prior to the onset of clinical symptoms. These changes affect mitochondrial fusion dynamics, triggering mitochondrial maturation impairment and cristae swelling, with increased size of cristae junctions. The functional consequences are a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and changes in the bioenergetics profile, with reduced maximal respiration and spare respiratory capacity of mitochondria, as well as enhanced production of reactive oxygen species. This study identifies mitochondrial dynamics regulator OPA1 as an interesting therapeutic target in ALS. Additionally, our findings in the adrenal medulla gland from presymptomatic stages highlight the relevance of sympathetic impairment in this disease. Specifically, we show new SOD1G93A toxicity pathways affecting cellular energy metabolism in non-motor neurons, which offer a possible link between cell specific metabolic phenotype and the progression of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iago Méndez-López
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando and Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (I.M.-L.); (A.G.G.)
| | - Francisco J. Sancho-Bielsa
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain;
| | - Tobias Engel
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland;
- FutureNeuro SFI Research Centre for Chronic and Rare Neurological Diseases, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Antonio G. García
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando and Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (I.M.-L.); (A.G.G.)
| | - Juan Fernando Padín
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando and Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (I.M.-L.); (A.G.G.)
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain;
- Correspondence:
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14
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Shandilya A, Mehan S. Dysregulation of IGF-1/GLP-1 signaling in the progression of ALS: potential target activators and influences on neurological dysfunctions. Neurol Sci 2021; 42:3145-3166. [PMID: 34018075 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05328-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The prominent causes for motor neuron diseases like ALS are demyelination, immune dysregulation, and neuroinflammation. Numerous research studies indicate that the downregulation of IGF-1 and GLP-1 signaling pathways plays a significant role in the progression of ALS pathogenesis and other neurological disorders. In the current review, we discussed the dysregulation of IGF-1/GLP-1 signaling in neurodegenerative manifestations of ALS like a genetic anomaly, oligodendrocyte degradation, demyelination, glial overactivation, immune deregulation, and neuroexcitation. In addition, the current review reveals the IGF-1 and GLP-1 activators based on the premise that the restoration of abnormal IGF-1/GLP-1 signaling could result in neuroprotection and neurotrophic effects for the clinical-pathological presentation of ALS and other brain diseases. Thus, the potential benefits of IGF-1/GLP-1 signal upregulation in the development of disease-modifying therapeutic strategies may prevent ALS and associated neurocomplications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambika Shandilya
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India.
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15
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Zhu L, Hu F, Li C, Zhang C, Hang R, Xu R. Perilipin 4 Protein: an Impending Target for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:1723-1737. [PMID: 33242187 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02217-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) might exist some relationships with the abnormal lipidomic metabolisms. Therefore, we observed and analyzed the alteration of perilipin 4 (PLIN 4) distribution in the anterior horns (AH); the central canals (CC) and its surrounding gray matter; the posterior horns (PH); and the anterior, lateral, and posterior funiculus (AF, LF, and PF) of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar segments, as well as the alteration of PLIN 4 expression in the entire spinal cords at the pre-onset, onset, and progression stages of Tg(SOD1*G93A)1Gur (TG) mice and the same period of wild-type(WT) by fluorescent immunohistochemistry, the Western blot, and the image analysis. Results showed that the PLIN 4 distributions in the spinal AH, CC and its surrounding gray matter, PH, AF, and PF of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar segments in the TG mice at the pre-onset, onset, and progression stages significantly increased compared with those at the same periods of WT mice; the gray matter was especially significant. No significant changes were detected in the LF. PLIN 4 extensively distributed in the neurons and the proliferation neural cells. The PLIN 4 distributions significantly gradually increased from the pre-onset to onset to progression stages, and significantly correlated with the gradual increase death of neural cells. Total PLIN 4 expression in the spinal cords of TG mice significantly increased from the pre-onset, to onset, and to progression stages compared with that in the WT mice. Our data suggested that the PLIN 4 distribution and expression alterations might participate in the death of neural cells in the pathogenesis of ALS through modulating the lipidomic metabolisms and the neural cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fan Hu
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Caixiang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ruiwen Hang
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Renshi Xu
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
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16
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Parakh S, Atkin JD. The Mitochondrial-associated ER membrane (MAM) compartment and its dysregulation in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 112:105-113. [PMID: 33707063 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria connect at multiple contact sites to form a unique cellular compartment, termed the 'mitochondria-associated ER membranes' (MAMs). MAMs are hubs for signalling pathways that regulate cellular homeostasis and survival, metabolism, and sensitivity to apoptosis. MAMs are therefore involved in vital cellular functions, but they are dysregulated in several human diseases. Whilst MAM dysfunction is increasingly implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, its role in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is poorly understood. However, in ALS both ER and mitochondrial dysfunction are well documented pathophysiological events. Moreover, alterations to lipid metabolism in neurons regulate processes linked to neurodegenerative diseases, and a link between dysfunction of lipid metabolism and ALS has also been proposed. In this review we discuss the structural and functional relevance of MAMs in ALS and how targeting MAM could be therapeutically beneficial in this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Parakh
- Macquarie University Centre for MND Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Julie D Atkin
- Macquarie University Centre for MND Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Victoria, 3065, Australia.
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17
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Zakyrjanova GF, Giniatullin AR, Mukhutdinova KA, Kuznetsova EA, Petrov AM. Early differences in membrane properties at the neuromuscular junctions of ALS model mice: Effects of 25-hydroxycholesterol. Life Sci 2021; 273:119300. [PMID: 33662433 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Plasma hyperlipidemia is a protective factor in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) while cholesterol-lowering drugs aggravate the pathology. We hypothesize that this phenomenon can be linked with membrane lipid alterations in the neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) occurring before motor neuron loss. METHODS Neurotransmitter release in parallel with lipid membrane properties in diaphragm NMJs of SOD1G93A (mSOD) mice at nine weeks of age (pre-onset stage) were assessed. KEY FINDINGS Despite on slight changes in spontaneous and evoked quantum release of acetylcholine, extracellular levels of choline at resting conditions, an indicator of non-quantum release, were significantly increased in mSOD mice. The use of lipid-sensitive fluorescent probes points to lipid raft disruption in the NMJs of mSOD mice. However, content of cholesterol, a key raft component was unchanged implying another pathway responsible for the loss of raft integrity. In the mSOD mice we found marked increase in levels of raft-destabilizing lipid ceramide. This was accompanied by enhanced ability to uptake of exogenous ceramide in NMJs. Acute and chronic administration of 25-hydroxycholesterol, whose levels increase due to hypercholesterolemia, recovered early alterations in membrane properties. Furthermore, chronic treatment with 25-hydroxycholesterol prevented increase in ceramide and extracellular choline levels as well as suppressed lipid peroxidation of NMJ membranes and fragmentation of end plates. SIGNIFICANCE Thus, lipid raft disruption likely due to ceramide accumulation could be early event in ALS which may trigger neuromuscular abnormalities. Cholesterol derivative 25-hydroxycholesterol may serve as a molecule restoring the membrane and functional properties of NMJs at the early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guzel F Zakyrjanova
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of RAS", 2/31 Lobachevsky Street, box 30, Kazan 420111, Russia; Institute of Neuroscience, Kazan State Medial University, 49 Butlerova Street, Kazan, 420012, Russia
| | - Arthur R Giniatullin
- Department of Normal Physiology, Kazan State Medial University, 49 Butlerova Street, Kazan 420012, Russia
| | - Kamilla A Mukhutdinova
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kazan State Medial University, 49 Butlerova Street, Kazan, 420012, Russia
| | - Eva A Kuznetsova
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of RAS", 2/31 Lobachevsky Street, box 30, Kazan 420111, Russia
| | - Alexey M Petrov
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of RAS", 2/31 Lobachevsky Street, box 30, Kazan 420111, Russia; Institute of Neuroscience, Kazan State Medial University, 49 Butlerova Street, Kazan, 420012, Russia.
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18
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Jagaraj CJ, Parakh S, Atkin JD. Emerging Evidence Highlighting the Importance of Redox Dysregulation in the Pathogenesis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 14:581950. [PMID: 33679322 PMCID: PMC7929997 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.581950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular redox state, or balance between cellular oxidation and reduction reactions, serves as a vital antioxidant defence system that is linked to all important cellular activities. Redox regulation is therefore a fundamental cellular process for aerobic organisms. Whilst oxidative stress is well described in neurodegenerative disorders including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), other aspects of redox dysfunction and their contributions to pathophysiology are only just emerging. ALS is a fatal neurodegenerative disease affecting motor neurons, with few useful treatments. Hence there is an urgent need to develop more effective therapeutics in the future. Here, we discuss the increasing evidence for redox dysregulation as an important and primary contributor to ALS pathogenesis, which is associated with multiple disease mechanisms. Understanding the connection between redox homeostasis, proteins that mediate redox regulation, and disease pathophysiology in ALS, may facilitate a better understanding of disease mechanisms, and lead to the design of better therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Jones Jagaraj
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University Centre for MND Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sonam Parakh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University Centre for MND Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Julie D Atkin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University Centre for MND Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
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19
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Silva JM, Nobre MSC, Albino SL, Lócio LL, Nascimento APS, Scotti L, Scotti MT, Oshiro-Junior JA, Lima MCA, Mendonça-Junior FJB, Moura RO. Secondary Metabolites with Antioxidant Activities for the Putative Treatment of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS): "Experimental Evidences". OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:5642029. [PMID: 33299526 PMCID: PMC7707995 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5642029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal motor neuron disorder that is characterized by progressive loss of the upper and lower motor neurons at the spinal or bulbar level. Oxidative stress (OS) associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and the deterioration of the electron transport chain are factors that contribute to neurodegeneration and perform a potential role in the pathogenesis of ALS. Natural antioxidant molecules have been proposed as an alternative form of treatment for the prevention of age-related neurological diseases, in which ALS is included. Researches support that regulations in cellular reduction/oxidation (redox) processes are being increasingly implicated in this disease, and antioxidant drugs are aimed at a promising pathway to treatment. Among the strategies used for obtaining new drugs, we can highlight the isolation of secondary metabolite compounds from natural sources that, along with semisynthetic derivatives, correspond to approximately 40% of the drugs found on the market. Among these compounds, we emphasize oxygenated and nitrogenous compounds, such as flavonoids, coumarins, and alkaloids, in addition to the fatty acids, that already stand out in the literature for their antioxidant properties, consisting in a part of the diets of millions of people worldwide. Therefore, this review is aimed at presenting and summarizing the main articles published within the last years, which represent the therapeutic potential of antioxidant compounds of natural origin for the treatment of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamire M. Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences-PPGCF, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife PB, Brazil
- Drug Development and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Paraiba, 58429-500 Campina Grande PB, Brazil
| | - Michelangela S. C. Nobre
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences-PPGCF, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife PB, Brazil
- Drug Development and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Paraiba, 58429-500 Campina Grande PB, Brazil
| | - Sonaly L. Albino
- Drug Development and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Paraiba, 58429-500 Campina Grande PB, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences-PPGCF, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Paraiba, 58429-500 Campina Grande PB, Brazil
| | - Lucas L. Lócio
- Drug Development and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Paraiba, 58429-500 Campina Grande PB, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences-PPGCF, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Paraiba, 58429-500 Campina Grande PB, Brazil
| | - Agnis P. S. Nascimento
- Drug Development and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Paraiba, 58429-500 Campina Grande PB, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Chemistry-PPGQ, Department of Chemistry, State University of Paraiba, 58429-500 Campina Grande PB, Brazil
| | - Luciana Scotti
- Laboratory of Cheminformatics, Program of Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa PB, Brazil
| | - Marcus T. Scotti
- Laboratory of Cheminformatics, Program of Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa PB, Brazil
| | - João A. Oshiro-Junior
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences-PPGCF, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Paraiba, 58429-500 Campina Grande PB, Brazil
| | - Maria C. A. Lima
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences-PPGCF, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife PB, Brazil
| | - Francisco J. B. Mendonça-Junior
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Drug Delivery, Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Paraiba, 58071-160 João Pessoa PB, Brazil
| | - Ricardo O. Moura
- Drug Development and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Paraiba, 58429-500 Campina Grande PB, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences-PPGCF, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Paraiba, 58429-500 Campina Grande PB, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Chemistry-PPGQ, Department of Chemistry, State University of Paraiba, 58429-500 Campina Grande PB, Brazil
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20
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Zhu Y, Liu Y, Yang F, Chen W, Jiang J, He P, Jiang S, Li M, Xu R. All-Trans Retinoic Acid Exerts Neuroprotective Effects in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis-Like Tg (SOD1*G93A)1Gur Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:3603-3615. [PMID: 32548665 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01973-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), a ligand of retinoic acid receptors, could regulate various biological processes by activating retinoic acid signals. Recent studies suggested that ATRA displays multiple neuroprotective effects and thereby alleviates the disease progression in a variety of neurological diseases. Our previous studies found that the impaired retinoic acid signal decreased ALDH1A2, an essential synthetase of ATRA, in the spinal cord of ALS mice. Here, we evaluated the neuroprotective and neurorestorative effects of ATRA in a SOD1-G93A transgenic mice model of ALS. We administrated ATRA(3 mg/kg) daily from the onset stage to the progression stage for 5 weeks. Behavioral tests showed that ATRA improved the forelimb grip strength in ALS mice and may slow the disease progression, but not the body weight. ATRA could completely reverse the impaired retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARα) signal in the spinal cord of ALS mice. This effect was accompanied by enhancing the degradation of misfolded proteins via the ubiquitin-proteasome system, regulating the oxidative stress, inhibiting the astrocyte activation, and promoting the neurotrophic signal recovery. Our findings are the first to indicate that the damaged retinoic acid signal is involved in the pathogenesis of ALS, and ATRA could induce the functional neuroprotection via repairing the damaged retinoic acid signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.,Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wenzhi Chen
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jianxian Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.,Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Pei He
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.,Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shishi Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.,Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Menhua Li
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Renshi Xu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
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21
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Winiarska-Mieczan A, Baranowska-Wójcik E, Kwiecień M, Grela ER, Szwajgier D, Kwiatkowska K, Kiczorowska B. The Role of Dietary Antioxidants in the Pathogenesis of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Their Impact on Cerebral Oxidoreductive Balance. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020435. [PMID: 32046360 PMCID: PMC7071337 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are progressive diseases of the nervous system that lead to neuron loss or functional disorders. Neurodegenerative diseases require long-term, sometimes life-long pharmacological treatment, which increases the risk of adverse effects and a negative impact of pharmaceuticals on the patients’ general condition. One of the main problems related to the treatment of this type of condition is the limited ability to deliver drugs to the brain due to their poor solubility, low bioavailability, and the effects of the blood-brain barrier. Given the above, one of the main objectives of contemporary scientific research focuses on the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases. As disorders related to the competence of the antioxidative system are a marker in all diseases of this type, the primary prophylactics should entail the use of exogenous antioxidants, particularly ones that can be used over extended periods, regardless of the patient’s age, and that are easily available, e.g., as part of a diet or as diet supplements. The paper analyzes the significance of the oxidoreductive balance in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Based on information published globally in the last 10 years, an analysis is also provided with regard to the impact of exogenous antioxidants on brain functions with respect to the prevention of this type of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Winiarska-Mieczan
- Department of Bromatology and Food Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (M.K.); (E.R.G.); (K.K.); (B.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-81-445-67-44; Fax: +48-81-53-335-49
| | - Ewa Baranowska-Wójcik
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Human Nutrition, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (E.B.-W.); (D.S.)
| | - Małgorzata Kwiecień
- Department of Bromatology and Food Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (M.K.); (E.R.G.); (K.K.); (B.K.)
| | - Eugeniusz R. Grela
- Department of Bromatology and Food Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (M.K.); (E.R.G.); (K.K.); (B.K.)
| | - Dominik Szwajgier
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Human Nutrition, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (E.B.-W.); (D.S.)
| | - Katarzyna Kwiatkowska
- Department of Bromatology and Food Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (M.K.); (E.R.G.); (K.K.); (B.K.)
| | - Bożena Kiczorowska
- Department of Bromatology and Food Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (M.K.); (E.R.G.); (K.K.); (B.K.)
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22
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Carrera-Juliá S, Moreno ML, Barrios C, de la Rubia Ortí JE, Drehmer E. Antioxidant Alternatives in the Treatment of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Comprehensive Review. Front Physiol 2020; 11:63. [PMID: 32116773 PMCID: PMC7016185 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease that produces a selective loss of the motor neurons of the spinal cord, brain stem and motor cortex. Oxidative stress (OS) associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and the deterioration of the electron transport chain has been shown to be a factor that contributes to neurodegeneration and plays a potential role in the pathogenesis of ALS. The regions of the central nervous system affected have high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced antioxidant defenses. Scientific studies propose treatment with antioxidants to combat the characteristic OS and the regeneration of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels by the use of precursors. This review examines the possible roles of nicotinamide riboside and pterostilbene as therapeutic strategies in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Carrera-Juliá
- Doctoral Degree’s School, Catholic University of Valencia “San Vicente Mártir”, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Catholic University of Valencia “San Vicente Mártir”, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mari Luz Moreno
- Department of Basic Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia “San Vicente Mártir”, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Barrios
- Institute for Research on Musculoskeletal Disorders, Catholic University of Valencia “San Vicente Mártir”, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Eraci Drehmer
- Department of Basic Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia “San Vicente Mártir”, Valencia, Spain
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Generation of Cellular Reactive Oxygen Species by Activation of the EP2 Receptor Contributes to Prostaglandin E2-Induced Cytotoxicity in Motor Neuron-Like NSC-34 Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:6101838. [PMID: 32411331 PMCID: PMC7201578 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6101838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating motor neuron disease characterized by progressive degeneration of motor neurons in the central nervous system. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) plays a pivotal role in the degeneration of motor neurons in human and transgenic models of ALS. We have shown previously that PGE2 directly induces neuronal death through activation of the E-prostanoid (EP) 2 receptor in differentiated NSC-34 cells, a motor neuron-like cell line. In the present study, to clarify the mechanisms underlying PGE2-induced neurotoxicity, we focused on generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and examined the effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a cell-permeable antioxidant, on PGE2-induced cell death in differentiated NSC-34 cells. Dichlorofluorescein (DCF) fluorescence analysis of PGE2-treated cells showed that intracellular ROS levels increased markedly with time, and that this effect was antagonized by a selective EP2 antagonist (PF-04418948) but not a selective EP3 antagonist (L-798,106). Although an EP2-selective agonist, butaprost, mimicked the effect of PGE2, an EP1/EP3 agonist, sulprostone, transiently but significantly decreased the level of intracellular ROS in these cells. MTT reduction assay and lactate dehydrogenase release assay revealed that PGE2- and butaprost-induced cell death were each suppressed by pretreatment with NAC in a concentration-dependent manner. Western blot analysis revealed that the active form of caspase-3 was markedly increased in the PGE2- and butaprost-treated cells. These increases in caspase-3 protein expression were suppressed by pretreatment with NAC. Moreover, dibutyryl-cAMP treatment of differentiated NSC-34 cells caused intracellular ROS generation and cell death. Our data reveal the existence of a PGE2-EP2 signaling-dependent intracellular ROS generation pathway, with subsequent activation of the caspase-3 cascade, in differentiated NSC-34 cells, suggesting that PGE2 is likely a key molecule linking inflammation to oxidative stress in motor neuron-like NSC-34 cells.
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24
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Granatiero V, Konrad C, Bredvik K, Manfredi G, Kawamata H. Nrf2 signaling links ER oxidative protein folding and calcium homeostasis in health and disease. Life Sci Alliance 2019; 2:2/5/e201900563. [PMID: 31658977 PMCID: PMC6819749 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201900563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative protein folding in the ER generates ROS, leading to Nrf2-dependent feedback on protein folding via ER calcium level modulation. This feedback loop is suppressed in ALS-associated mutant astrocytes but can be rescued by dimethyl fumarate. We report a signaling pathway linking two fundamental functions of the ER, oxidative protein folding, and intracellular calcium regulation. Cells sense ER oxidative protein folding through H2O2, which induces Nrf2 nuclear translocation. Nrf2 regulates the expression of GPx8, an ER glutathione peroxidase that modulates ER calcium levels. Because ER protein folding is dependent on calcium, this pathway functions as rheostat of ER calcium levels. Protein misfolding and calcium dysregulation contribute to the pathophysiology of many diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, in which astrocytic calcium dysregulation participates in causing motor neuron death. In human-derived astrocytes harboring mutant SOD1 causative of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, we show that impaired ER redox signaling decreases Nrf2 nuclear translocation, resulting in ER calcium overload and increased calcium-dependent cell secretion, leading to motor neuron death. Nrf2 activation in SOD1 mutant astrocytes with dimethyl fumarate restores calcium homeostasis and ameliorates motor neuron death. These results highlight a regulatory mechanism of intracellular calcium homeostasis by ER redox signaling and suggest that this mechanism could be a therapeutic target in SOD1 mutant astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Granatiero
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Csaba Konrad
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kirsten Bredvik
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Giovanni Manfredi
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hibiki Kawamata
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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25
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Chaves-Filho AB, Pinto IFD, Dantas LS, Xavier AM, Inague A, Faria RL, Medeiros MHG, Glezer I, Yoshinaga MY, Miyamoto S. Alterations in lipid metabolism of spinal cord linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11642. [PMID: 31406145 PMCID: PMC6691112 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48059-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by progressive loss of upper and lower motor neurons leading to muscle paralysis and death. While a link between dysregulated lipid metabolism and ALS has been proposed, lipidome alterations involved in disease progression are still understudied. Using a rodent model of ALS overexpressing mutant human Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase gene (SOD1-G93A), we performed a comparative lipidomic analysis in motor cortex and spinal cord tissues of SOD1-G93A and WT rats at asymptomatic (~70 days) and symptomatic stages (~120 days). Interestingly, lipidome alterations in motor cortex were mostly related to age than ALS. In contrast, drastic changes were observed in spinal cord of SOD1-G93A 120d group, including decreased levels of cardiolipin and a 6-fold increase in several cholesteryl esters linked to polyunsaturated fatty acids. Consistent with previous studies, our findings suggest abnormal mitochondria in motor neurons and lipid droplets accumulation in aberrant astrocytes. Although the mechanism leading to cholesteryl esters accumulation remains to be established, we postulate a hypothetical model based on neuroprotection of polyunsaturated fatty acids into lipid droplets in response to increased oxidative stress. Implicated in the pathology of other neurodegenerative diseases, cholesteryl esters appear as attractive targets for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lucas Souza Dantas
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andre Machado Xavier
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alex Inague
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Lucas Faria
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marisa H G Medeiros
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isaias Glezer
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos Yukio Yoshinaga
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sayuri Miyamoto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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26
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Bandookwala M, Thakkar D, Sengupta P. Advancements in the Analytical Quantification of Nitroxidative Stress Biomarker 3-Nitrotyrosine in Biological Matrices. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2019; 50:265-289. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2019.1623010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bandookwala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Disha Thakkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Pinaki Sengupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
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27
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Chemotherapeutic agent 5-fluorouracil increases survival of SOD1 mouse model of ALS. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210752. [PMID: 30640943 PMCID: PMC6331125 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a lethal motor neuron disease with no cure. Currently there are only two ALS drugs approved by the FDA, both with a limited therapeutic effect. In the search for drug candidates for ALS, we studied the effect of known stem cell mobilizing agents (treatment) and antimetabolite 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (anti-treatment) in SOD1G93A model of ALS. Surprisingly, we found that anti-cancer drug 5-FU increases lifespan, delays the disease onset and improves motor performance in ALS mice. Although we were not able to demonstrate the mechanistic basis of the beneficial 5-FU action in ALS mice, our findings suggest that 5-FU or similar drugs are possible drug candidates for the treatment of motor neuron diseases through drug repurposing.
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28
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Overview of Lipid Biomarkers in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1161:233-241. [PMID: 31562633 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-21735-8_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease involving motor neuron (MN) degeneration in the spinal cord, brain stem and primary motor cortex. The existence of inflammatory processes around MN and axonal degeneration in ALS has been shown. Unfortunately, none of the successful therapies in ALS animal models has improved clinical outcomes in patients with ALS. Therefore, the detection of blood biomarkers to be used as screening tools for disease onset and progression has been an expanding research area with few advances in the development of drugs for the treatment of ALS. In this review, we will address the available data analyzing regarding the relationship of lipid metabolism and lipid derived- products with ALS. We will address the advances on the studies about the role that lipids plays at the onset, progression and lifespan extension of ALS patients.
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29
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Zhang J, Huang P, Wu C, Liang H, Li Y, Zhu L, Lu Y, Tang C, Xu R. Preliminary Observation about Alteration of Proteins and Their Potential Functions in Spinal Cord of SOD1 G93A Transgenic Mice. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:1306-1320. [PMID: 30123078 PMCID: PMC6097476 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.26829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein abnormality participates in the development of ALS that meets with the widespread approval from major researchers. However, these currently found abnormal proteins aren't far enough to explain all pathogenesis of ALS. Therefore, the search of novel abnormal proteins participated in the pathogenesis of ALS is very necessary. In this study, we screened, compared and analyzed the differentially expressed proteins in the spinal cord of the SOD1 G93A transgenic and wild-type (WT) mice applying the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) and the bioinformatics methods. The results revealed the details of significantly differentially expressed proteins between the SOD1 G93A transgenic and WT mice, and the damaged and/or regulated cellular components, molecular functions and biological processes and the significant enrichment pathways of these proteins. Our study comprehensively described the details of the possible abnormal proteins participated in the pathogenesis of SOD1 G93A transgenic mice, extensively explored their possible molecular mechanisms how to play the role in the development in this animal model, and provided some evidences and clues for further and deeply studying the relationship between the abnormal proteins and the pathogenesis of ALS in the other animal models and ALS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China.,Department of Nutrition, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chengsi Wu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Huiting Liang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Health Statistics, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chunyan Tang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Renshi Xu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
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30
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Takei K, Tsuda K, Takahashi F, Hirai M, Palumbo J. An assessment of treatment guidelines, clinical practices, demographics, and progression of disease among patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Japan, the United States, and Europe. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2018; 18:88-97. [PMID: 28872912 DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2017.1361445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an increasing clinical research focus on neuroprotective agents in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, it is unclear how generalisable clinical study trial results are between different countries and regions. OBJECTIVE To assess similarities and differences in clinical practice and treatment guidelines for ALS, and also to compare the demographics and rate of progression of disease in patients with ALS enrolled in clinical trials in Japan, the US, and Europe. METHODS We performed a review of clinical studies published since 2000 to compare the demographics and characteristics of patients with ALS. Progression of ALS disease was assessed in patients receiving placebo. The changes per month in ALSFRS-R score were calculated and compared between the studies. RESULTS Overall, diagnostic criteria, recognition of ALS symptoms, comorbidities, use of riluzole, and nutritional, and respiratory support were similar. Regarding demographics and characteristics, there were no clear differences in the incidence of sporadic ALS (range 91-98%), bulbar onset (range 11-41%), and median time from onset to diagnosis (range 9-14 months) among the populations despite the difference in race between regions. However, use of tracheostomy-based invasive respiratory support was higher in Japan (29-38%) than in the US (4%) and Europe (1-31%). Rate of progression of disease was similar between the US and Europe study populations (range -0.89 to -1.60 points/month), and the Japanese study populations (range -1.03 to -1.21 points/month). CONCLUSION There is evidence to support the generalisability of data from the Japanese ALS trial experience to the US and Europe populations in early to mid-stage of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Takei
- a Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Development America Inc. , Jersey City , NJ , USA and
| | - Kikumi Tsuda
- a Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Development America Inc. , Jersey City , NJ , USA and
| | | | - Manabu Hirai
- b Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Joseph Palumbo
- a Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Development America Inc. , Jersey City , NJ , USA and.,b Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation , Tokyo , Japan
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31
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Trostchansky A, Mastrogiovanni M, Miquel E, Rodríguez-Bottero S, Martínez-Palma L, Cassina P, Rubbo H. Profile of Arachidonic Acid-Derived Inflammatory Markers and Its Modulation by Nitro-Oleic Acid in an Inherited Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:131. [PMID: 29760648 PMCID: PMC5936757 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of current treatments for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) highlights the need of a comprehensive understanding of the biological mechanisms of the disease. A consistent neuropathological feature of ALS is the extensive inflammation around motor neurons and axonal degeneration, evidenced by accumulation of reactive astrocytes and activated microglia. Final products of inflammatory processes may be detected as a screening tool to identify treatment response. Herein, we focus on (a) detection of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolization products by lipoxygenase (LOX) and prostaglandin endoperoxide H synthase in SOD1G93A mice and (b) evaluate its response to the electrophilic nitro-oleic acid (NO2-OA). Regarding LOX-derived products, a significant increase in 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) levels was detected in SOD1G93A mice both in plasma and brain whereas no changes were observed in age-matched non-Tg mice at the onset of motor symptoms (90 days-old). In addition, 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE) levels were greater in SOD1G93A brains compared to non-Tg. Prostaglandin levels were also increased at day 90 in plasma from SOD1G93A compared to non-Tg being similar in both types of animals at later stages of the disease. Administration of NO2-OA 16 mg/kg, subcutaneously (s/c) three times a week to SOD1G93A female mice, lowered the observed increase in brain 12-HETE levels compared to the non-nitrated fatty acid condition, and modified many others inflammatory markers. In addition, NO2-OA significantly improved grip strength and rotarod performance compared to vehicle or OA treated animals. These beneficial effects were associated with increased hemeoxygenase 1 (HO-1) expression in the spinal cord of treated mice co-localized with reactive astrocytes. Furthermore, significant levels of NO2-OA were detected in brain and spinal cord from NO2-OA -treated mice indicating that nitro-fatty acids (NFA) cross brain–blood barrier and reach the central nervous system to induce neuroprotective actions. In summary, we demonstrate that LOX-derived oxidation products correlate with disease progression. Overall, we are proposing that key inflammatory mediators of AA-derived pathways may be useful as novel footprints of ALS onset and progression as well as NO2-OA as a promising therapeutic compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Trostchansky
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mauricio Mastrogiovanni
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ernesto Miquel
- Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Departamento de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Sebastián Rodríguez-Bottero
- Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Departamento de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Laura Martínez-Palma
- Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Departamento de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Patricia Cassina
- Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Departamento de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Homero Rubbo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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32
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Riehm JJ, Wang L, Ghadge G, Teng M, Correa AM, Marks JD, Roos RP, Allen MJ. Poloxamer 188 decreases membrane toxicity of mutant SOD1 and ameliorates pathology observed in SOD1 mouse model for ALS. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 115:115-126. [PMID: 29627580 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we report a gain in function for mutant (mt) superoxide dismutase I (SOD1), a cause of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS), wherein small soluble oligomers of mtSOD1 acquire a membrane toxicity. Phosphatidylglycerol (PG) lipid domains are selectively targeted, which could result in membrane damage or "toxic channels" becoming active in the bilayer. This PG-selective SOD1-mediated membrane toxicity is largely reversible in vitro by a widely-available FDA-approved surfactant and membrane-stabilizer P188. Treatment of G93ASOD1 transgenic mice with P188 significantly delayed symptoms onset, extended survival and decreased motoneuron death. The use of P188 or an analogue, which targets mtSOD1 misfolding-induced membrane toxicity, may provide a new direction for ALS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob J Riehm
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary Critical Care, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lijun Wang
- Department of Neurology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ghanashyam Ghadge
- Department of Neurology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael Teng
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary Critical Care, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ana M Correa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jeremy D Marks
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Raymond P Roos
- Department of Neurology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Michael J Allen
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary Critical Care, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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33
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Khalid SI, Ampie L, Kelly R, Ladha SS, Dardis C. Immune Modulation in the Treatment of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Review of Clinical Trials. Front Neurol 2017; 8:486. [PMID: 28993751 PMCID: PMC5622209 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by the degeneration of motor neurons. Though many molecular and genetic causes are thought to serve as predisposing or disease propagating factors, the underlying pathogenesis of the disease is not known. Recent discoveries have demonstrated the presence of inflammation propagating substrates in the central nervous system of patients afflicted with ALS. Over the past decade, this hypothesis has incited an effort to better understand the role of the immune system in ALS and has led to the trial of several potential immune-modulating therapies. Here, we briefly review advances in the role of such therapies. The clinical trials discussed here are currently ongoing or have been concluded at the time of writing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonel Ampie
- Surgical Neurology Branch, NINDS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States.,Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Ryan Kelly
- Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Shafeeq S Ladha
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Christopher Dardis
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
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34
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Takei K, Watanabe K, Yuki S, Akimoto M, Sakata T, Palumbo J. Edaravone and its clinical development for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2017; 18:5-10. [DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2017.1353101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Takei
- Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Development America, Jersey City, NJ, USA and
| | | | - Satoshi Yuki
- Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Joseph Palumbo
- Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Development America, Jersey City, NJ, USA and
- Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
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35
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Teixeira D, Prudêncio C, Vieira M. Development of a new HPLC-based method for 3-nitrotyrosine quantification in different biological matrices. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1046:48-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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36
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Varoni MV, Pasciu V, Gadau SD, Baralla E, Serra E, Palomba D, Demontis MP. Possible antioxidant effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides on hepatic cadmium-induced oxidative stress in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:2946-2955. [PMID: 27844321 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8050-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the potential protective effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) pretreatment against cadmium (Cd)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Wistar rats were divided into control group, LBP group (300 mg/kg orally, once a day, for 30 days), Cd group (CdCl2 4 mg/kg i.p. once), and LBP + Cd group (LBP 300 mg/kg orally, once a day, for 30 days + CdCl2 4 mg/kg i.p. 24 h after the last treatment). Cd liver injury was examined by morphological/histological changes, transaminases, total protein concentration, and oxidative stress evaluated by MDA, 3NT, GSH, SOD, and TEAC activities. Cd intoxication caused gross morphological changes with hyperemia of the parenchyma, increased volume, and disappearance of the anatomical limits of the lobes associated with an increase of ALT, GSH, and TEAC in plasma and a decrease of MDA, GSH, and TEAC in liver, SOD, and total proteins in plasma. LBP pretreatment caused a slight improvement in the histological architecture and in the 3NT amount together with a significant improvement of hematic parameters. On the basis of the obtained results, we can affirm that LBP pretreatment can ameliorate liver conditions, but further studies are needed to better evaluate the protective antioxidant effects of LBP against Cd-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vittoria Varoni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Valeria Pasciu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Sergio Domenico Gadau
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Elena Baralla
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Elisa Serra
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Domenico Palomba
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria Piera Demontis
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy
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Mancuso R, Navarro X. Sigma-1 Receptor in Motoneuron Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 964:235-254. [PMID: 28315275 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-50174-1_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS ) is a neurodegenerative disease affecting spinal cord and brain motoneurons , leading to paralysis and early death. Multiple etiopathogenic mechanisms appear to contribute in the development of ALS , including glutamate excitotoxicity, oxidative stress , protein misfolding, mitochondrial defects, impaired axonal transport, inflammation and glial cell alterations. The Sigma-1 receptor is highly expressed in motoneurons of the spinal cord, particularly enriched in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) at postsynaptic cisternae of cholinergic C-terminals. Several evidences point to participation of Sigma-1R alterations in motoneuron degeneration. Thus, mutations of the transmembrane domain of the Sigma-1R have been described in familial ALS cases. Interestingly, Sigma-1R KO mice display muscle weakness and motoneuron loss. On the other hand, Sigma-1R agonists promote neuroprotection and neurite elongation through activation of protein kinase C on motoneurons in vitro and in vivo after ventral root avulsion. Remarkably, treatment of SOD1 mice, the most usual animal model of ALS , with Sigma-1R agonists resulted in significantly enhanced motoneuron function and preservation, and increased animal survival. Sigma-1R activation also reduced microglial reactivity and increased the glial expression of neurotrophic factors. Two main interconnected mechanisms seem to underlie the effects of Sigma-1R manipulation on motoneurons: modulation of neuronal excitability and regulation of calcium homeostasis. In addition, Sigma-1R also contributes to regulating protein degradation, and reducing oxidative stress. Therefore, the multi-functional nature of the Sigma-1R represents an attractive target for treating aspects of ALS and other motoneuron diseases .
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Affiliation(s)
- Renzo Mancuso
- Center for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, SO16 6YD, Southampton, UK
| | - Xavier Navarro
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Bellaterra, Spain.
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Varoni MV, Pasciu V, Gadau SD, Baralla E, Serra E, Palomba D, Demontis MP. Possible antioxidant effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides on hepatic cadmium-induced oxidative stress in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016. [PMID: 27844321 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8050-x.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the potential protective effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) pretreatment against cadmium (Cd)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Wistar rats were divided into control group, LBP group (300 mg/kg orally, once a day, for 30 days), Cd group (CdCl2 4 mg/kg i.p. once), and LBP + Cd group (LBP 300 mg/kg orally, once a day, for 30 days + CdCl2 4 mg/kg i.p. 24 h after the last treatment). Cd liver injury was examined by morphological/histological changes, transaminases, total protein concentration, and oxidative stress evaluated by MDA, 3NT, GSH, SOD, and TEAC activities. Cd intoxication caused gross morphological changes with hyperemia of the parenchyma, increased volume, and disappearance of the anatomical limits of the lobes associated with an increase of ALT, GSH, and TEAC in plasma and a decrease of MDA, GSH, and TEAC in liver, SOD, and total proteins in plasma. LBP pretreatment caused a slight improvement in the histological architecture and in the 3NT amount together with a significant improvement of hematic parameters. On the basis of the obtained results, we can affirm that LBP pretreatment can ameliorate liver conditions, but further studies are needed to better evaluate the protective antioxidant effects of LBP against Cd-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vittoria Varoni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Valeria Pasciu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Sergio Domenico Gadau
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Elena Baralla
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Elisa Serra
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Domenico Palomba
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria Piera Demontis
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy
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Abstract
AbstractBackground: Pathophysiological mechanisms that contribute to neurodegeneration in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) include oxidative stress and inflammation. We conducted a preliminary study to explore these mechanisms, to discuss their link in ALS, and to determine the feasibility of incorporating this combined analysis into current biomarkers research. Methods: We enrolled 10 ALS patients and 10 controls. We measured the activities of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, superoxyde dismutase (SOD), and the levels of serum total antioxidant status (TAS), malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and glutathione status (e.g. glutathione disulfide, GSSG/reduced glutathione, GSH). We analysed the concentrations of homocysteine, several cytokines, vitamins and metals by standard methods used in routine practice. Results: There was a significant decrease in TAS levels (p=0.027) and increase in 8-OHdG (p=0.014) and MDA (p=0.011) levels in ALS patients. We also observed a significantly higher GSSG/GSH ratio (p=0.022), and IL-6 (p=0.0079) and IL-8 (p=0.009) concentrations in ALS patients. Correlations were found between biological and clinical markers (homosysteine vs. clinical status at diagnosis, p=0.02) and between some biological markers such as IL-6 vs. GSSG/GSH (p=0.045) or SOD activity (p=0.017). Conclusion: We confirmed the systemic alteration of both the redox and the inflammation status in ALS patients, and we observed a link with some clinical parameters. These promising results encourage us to pursue this study with collection of combined oxidative stress and inflammatory markers.
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Therapeutic progress in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-beginning to learning. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 121:903-917. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Niedzielska E, Smaga I, Gawlik M, Moniczewski A, Stankowicz P, Pera J, Filip M. Oxidative Stress in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 53:4094-4125. [PMID: 26198567 PMCID: PMC4937091 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9337-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 462] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The pathophysiologies of neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Alzheimer's disease (AD), are far from being fully explained. Oxidative stress (OS) has been proposed as one factor that plays a potential role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. Clinical and preclinical studies indicate that neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by higher levels of OS biomarkers and by lower levels of antioxidant defense biomarkers in the brain and peripheral tissues. In this article, we review the current knowledge regarding the involvement of OS in neurodegenerative diseases, based on clinical trials and animal studies. In addition, we analyze the effects of the drug-induced modulation of oxidative balance, and we explore pharmacotherapeutic strategies for OS reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Niedzielska
- Department of Toxicology, Chair of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Irena Smaga
- Department of Toxicology, Chair of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Maciej Gawlik
- Department of Toxicology, Chair of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Moniczewski
- Department of Toxicology, Chair of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Stankowicz
- Department of Toxicology, Chair of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Pera
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Botaniczna 3, 31-503, Krakow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Filip
- Department of Toxicology, Chair of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland.
- Laboratory of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland.
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Protein folding alterations in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Brain Res 2016; 1648:633-649. [PMID: 27064076 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein misfolding leads to the formation of aggregated proteins and protein inclusions, which are associated with synaptic loss and neuronal death in neurodegenerative diseases. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease that targets motor neurons in the brain, brainstem and spinal cord. Several proteins misfold and are associated either genetically or pathologically in ALS, including superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), Tar DNA binding protein-43 (TDP-43), Ubiquilin-2, p62, VCP, and dipeptide repeat proteins produced by unconventional repeat associated non-ATG translation of the repeat expansion in C9ORF72. Chaperone proteins, including heat shock proteins (Hsp׳s) and the protein disulphide isomerase (PDI) family, assist in protein folding and therefore can prevent protein misfolding, and have been implicated as being protective in ALS. In this review we provide an overview of the current literature regarding the molecular mechanisms of protein misfolding and aggregation in ALS, and the role of chaperones as potential targets for therapeutic intervention. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI:ER stress.
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Teixeira D, Fernandes R, Prudêncio C, Vieira M. 3-Nitrotyrosine quantification methods: Current concepts and future challenges. Biochimie 2016; 125:1-11. [PMID: 26921794 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Measurement of 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) in biological samples can be used as a biomarker of nitrosative stress, since it is very stable and suitable for analysis. Increased 3-NT levels in biological samples have been associated with several physiological and pathological conditions. Different methods have been described for the detection and quantification of this molecule, such as (i) immunological methods; (ii) liquid chromatography, namely high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC)-based methods that use ultraviolet-visible (UV/VIS) absorption, electrochemical (ECD) and diode array (DAD) detection, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS); (iii) gas chromatography, such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). METHODS A literature review on nitrosative stress, protein nitration, as well as 3-NT quantification methods was carried out. RESULTS This review covers the different methods for analysis of 3-NT that have been developed during the last years as well as the latest advances in this field. Overall, all methods present positive and negative aspects, although it is clear that chromatography-based methods present good sensitivity and specificity. Regarding this, GC-based methods exhibit the highest sensibility in the quantification of 3-NT, although it requires a prior time consuming derivatization step. Conversely, HPLC does not require such derivatization step, despite being not as accurate as GC. CONCLUSION It becomes clear that all the methods described during this literature review, although accurate for 3-NT quantification, need to be improved regarding both sensitivity and specificity. Moreover, optimization of the protocols that have been described is clearly needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulce Teixeira
- Ciências Químicas e das Biomoléculas, Centro de Investigação em Saúde e Ambiente, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Portugal
| | - Rúben Fernandes
- Ciências Químicas e das Biomoléculas, Centro de Investigação em Saúde e Ambiente, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Portugal; I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Prudêncio
- Ciências Químicas e das Biomoléculas, Centro de Investigação em Saúde e Ambiente, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Portugal; I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Mónica Vieira
- Ciências Químicas e das Biomoléculas, Centro de Investigação em Saúde e Ambiente, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Portugal; I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal.
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Pardillo-Díaz R, Carrascal L, Muñoz MF, Ayala A, Nunez-Abades P. Time and dose dependent effects of oxidative stress induced by cumene hydroperoxide in neuronal excitability of rat motor cortex neurons. Neurotoxicology 2016; 53:201-214. [PMID: 26877221 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
It has been claimed that oxidative stress and the production of reactive oxygen radicals can contribute to neuron degeneration and might be one factor in the development of different neurological diseases. In our study, we have attempted to clarify how oxidative damage induces dose dependent changes in functional membrane properties of neurons by means of whole cell patch clamp techniques in brain slices from young adult rats. Our research demonstrates physiological changes in membrane properties of pyramidal motor cortex neurons exposed to 3 concentrations of cumene hydroperoxide (CH; 1, 10 and 100μM) during 30min. Results show that oxidative stress induced by CH evokes important changes, in a concentration and time dependent manner, in the neuronal excitability of motor cortex neurons of the rat: (i) Low concentration of the drug (1μM) already blocks inward rectifications (sag) and decreases action potential amplitude and gain, a drug concentration which has no effects on other neuronal populations, (ii) 10μM of CH depresses the excitability of pyramidal motor cortex neurons by decreasing input resistance, amplitude of the action potential, and gain and maximum frequency of the repetitive firing discharge, and (iii) 100μM completely blocks the capability to produce repetitive discharge of action potentials in all cells. Both larger drug concentrations and/or longer times of exposure to CH narrow the current working range. This happens because of the increase in the rheobase, and the reduction of the cancelation current. The effects caused by oxidative stress, including those produced by the level of lipid peroxidation, are practically irreversible and, this, therefore, indicates that neuroprotective agents should be administered at the first symptoms of alterations to membrane properties. In fact, the pre-treatment with melatonin, acting as an antioxidant, prevented the lipid peroxidation and the physiological changes induced by CH. Larger cells (as estimated by their cell capacitance) were also more susceptible to oxidative stress. Our results provide previously unavailable observations that large size and high sensitivity to oxidative stress (even at low concentrations) make pyramidal neurons of the motor cortex, in particular corticofugal neurons, more susceptible to cell death when compared with other neuronal populations. These results could also shed some light on explaining the causes behind diseases such as Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pardillo-Díaz
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Spain
| | - L Carrascal
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Spain
| | - M F Muñoz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Spain
| | - A Ayala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Spain
| | - P Nunez-Abades
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Spain.
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Perri ER, Thomas CJ, Parakh S, Spencer DM, Atkin JD. The Unfolded Protein Response and the Role of Protein Disulfide Isomerase in Neurodegeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2016; 3:80. [PMID: 26779479 PMCID: PMC4705227 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2015.00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The maintenance and regulation of proteostasis is a critical function for post-mitotic neurons and its dysregulation is increasingly implicated in neurodegenerative diseases. Despite having different clinical manifestations, these disorders share similar pathology; an accumulation of misfolded proteins in neurons and subsequent disruption to cellular proteostasis. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an important component of proteostasis, and when the accumulation of misfolded proteins occurs within the ER, this disturbs ER homeostasis, giving rise to ER stress. This triggers the unfolded protein response (UPR), distinct signaling pathways that whilst initially protective, are pro-apoptotic if ER stress is prolonged. ER stress is increasingly implicated in neurodegenerative diseases, and emerging evidence highlights the complexity of the UPR in these disorders, with both protective and detrimental components being described. Protein Disulfide Isomerase (PDI) is an ER chaperone induced during ER stress that is responsible for the formation of disulfide bonds in proteins. Whilst initially considered to be protective, recent studies have revealed unconventional roles for PDI in neurodegenerative diseases, distinct from its normal function in the UPR and the ER, although these mechanisms remain poorly defined. However, specific aspects of PDI function may offer the potential to be exploited therapeutically in the future. This review will focus on the evidence linking ER stress and the UPR to neurodegenerative diseases, with particular emphasis on the emerging functions ascribed to PDI in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma R Perri
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Colleen J Thomas
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sonam Parakh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Human Science, Macquarie University Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Damian M Spencer
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Julie D Atkin
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe UniversityMelbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Human Science, Macquarie UniversitySydney, NSW, Australia
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Mancuso R, Navarro X. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Current perspectives from basic research to the clinic. Prog Neurobiol 2015; 133:1-26. [PMID: 26253783 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive degeneration of upper and lower motoneurons, leading to muscle weakness and paralysis, and finally death. Considerable recent advances have been made in basic research and preclinical therapeutic attempts using experimental models, leading to increasing clinical and translational research in the context of this disease. In this review we aim to summarize the most relevant findings from a variety of aspects about ALS, including evaluation methods, animal models, pathophysiology, and clinical findings, with particular emphasis in understanding the role of every contributing mechanism to the disease for elucidating the causes underlying degeneration of motoneurons and the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renzo Mancuso
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Xavier Navarro
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Bellaterra, Spain.
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Riancho J, Ruiz-Soto M, Berciano MT, Berciano J, Lafarga M. Neuroprotective Effect of Bexarotene in the SOD1(G93A) Mouse Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:250. [PMID: 26190974 PMCID: PMC4486838 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive weakness and muscle atrophy related to the loss of upper and lower motor neurons (MNs) without a curative treatment. There is experimental evidence suggesting that retinoids may be involved in ALS pathogenesis. Bexarotene (Bxt) is a retinoid-X receptor agonist used in the treatment of cutaneous lymphoma with a favorable safety profile whose effects have been recently investigated in other neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we analyze the potential therapeutic effect of Bxt in the SOD1(G93A) mouse model of ALS. Mice were treated with Bxt or vehicle five times per week from day 60 onward. Survival, weight, and neuromuscular function studies together with histological and biochemical analyses were performed. Bxt significantly delayed motor function deterioration, ameliorated the loss of body weight, and extended mice survival up to 30% of the symptomatic period. Histological analyses of the lumbosacral spinal cord revealed that Bxt markedly delayed the early motor-neuron degeneration occurring at presymptomatic stages in ALS-transgenic mice. Bxt treatment contributed to preserve the MN homeostasis in the SOD1(G93A) mice. Particularly, it reduced the neuronal loss and the chromatolytic response, induced nucleolar hypertrophy, decreased the formation of ubiquitylated inclusions, and modulated the lysosomal response. As an agonist of the retinoic-X receptor (RXR) pathway, Bxt notably increased the nuclear expression of the RXRα throughout transcriptionally active euchromatin domains. Bxt also contributed to protect the MN environment by reducing reactive astrogliosis and preserving perisomatic synapsis. Overall, these neuroprotective effects suggest that treatment with Bxt could be useful in ALS, particularly in those cases related to SOD1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Riancho
- Neurology Service, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - María Ruiz-Soto
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - María T. Berciano
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - José Berciano
- Neurology Service, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Miguel Lafarga
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
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Moghimi E, Solomon JA, Gianforcaro A, Hamadeh MJ. Dietary Vitamin D3 Restriction Exacerbates Disease Pathophysiology in the Spinal Cord of the G93A Mouse Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126355. [PMID: 26020962 PMCID: PMC4447353 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary vitamin D3 (D3) restriction reduces paw grip endurance and motor performance in G93A mice, and increases inflammation and apoptosis in the quadríceps of females. ALS, a neuromuscular disease, causes progressive degeneration of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. Objective We analyzed the spinal cords of G93A mice following dietary D3 restriction at 2.5% the adequate intake (AI) for oxidative damage (4-HNE, 3-NY), antioxidant enzymes (SOD2, catalase, GPx1), inflammation (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10), apoptosis (bax/bcl-2 ratio, cleaved/pro-caspase 3 ratio), neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and neuron count (ChAT, SMI-36/SMI-32 ratio). Methods Beginning at age 25 d, 42 G93A mice were provided food ad libitum with either adequate (AI;1 IU D3/g feed; 12 M, 11 F) or deficient (DEF; 0.025 IU D3/g feed; 10 M, 9 F) D3. At age 113 d, the spinal cords were analyzed for protein content. Differences were considered significant at P ≤ 0.10, since this was a pilot study. Results DEF mice had 16% higher 4-HNE (P = 0.056), 12% higher GPx1 (P = 0.057) and 23% higher Bax/Bcl2 ratio (P = 0.076) vs. AI. DEF females had 29% higher GPx1 (P = 0.001) and 22% higher IL-6 (P = 0.077) vs. AI females. DEF males had 23% higher 4-HNE (P = 0.066) and 18% lower SOD2 (P = 0.034) vs. AI males. DEF males had 27% lower SOD2 (P = 0.004), 17% lower GPx1 (P = 0.070), 29% lower IL-6 (P = 0.023) and 22% lower ChAT (P = 0.082) vs. DEF females. Conclusion D3 deficiency exacerbates disease pathophysiology in the spinal cord of G93A mice, the exact mechanisms are sex-specific. This is in accord with our previous results in the quadriceps, as well as functional and disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Moghimi
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jesse A. Solomon
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexandro Gianforcaro
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mazen J. Hamadeh
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Cooper-Knock J, Bury JJ, Heath PR, Wyles M, Higginbottom A, Gelsthorpe C, Highley JR, Hautbergue G, Rattray M, Kirby J, Shaw PJ. C9ORF72 GGGGCC Expanded Repeats Produce Splicing Dysregulation which Correlates with Disease Severity in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127376. [PMID: 26016851 PMCID: PMC4446097 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An intronic GGGGCC-repeat expansion of C9ORF72 is the most common genetic variant of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia. The mechanism of neurodegeneration is unknown, but a direct effect on RNA processing mediated by RNA foci transcribed from the repeat sequence has been proposed. METHODS Gene expression profiling utilised total RNA extracted from motor neurons and lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from human ALS patients, including those with an expansion of C9ORF72, and controls. In lymphoblastoid cell lines, expansion length and the frequency of sense and antisense RNA foci was also examined. RESULTS Gene level analysis revealed a number of differentially expressed networks and both cell types exhibited dysregulation of a network functionally enriched for genes encoding 'RNA splicing' proteins. There was a significant overlap of these genes with an independently generated list of GGGGCC-repeat protein binding partners. At the exon level, in lymphoblastoid cells derived from C9ORF72-ALS patients splicing consistency was lower than in lines derived from non-C9ORF72 ALS patients or controls; furthermore splicing consistency was lower in samples derived from patients with faster disease progression. Frequency of sense RNA foci showed a trend towards being higher in lymphoblastoid cells derived from patients with shorter survival, but there was no detectable correlation between disease severity and DNA expansion length. SIGNIFICANCE Up-regulation of genes encoding predicted binding partners of the C9ORF72 expansion is consistent with an attempted compensation for sequestration of these proteins. A number of studies have analysed changes in the transcriptome caused by C9ORF72 expansion, but to date findings have been inconsistent. As a potential explanation we suggest that dynamic sequestration of RNA processing proteins by RNA foci might lead to a loss of splicing consistency; indeed in our samples measurement of splicing consistency correlates with disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnathan Cooper-Knock
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, 385A Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna J Bury
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, 385A Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Paul R Heath
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, 385A Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Wyles
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, 385A Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian Higginbottom
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, 385A Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Gelsthorpe
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, 385A Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, United Kingdom
| | - J Robin Highley
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, 385A Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Guillaume Hautbergue
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, 385A Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Magnus Rattray
- Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Janine Kirby
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, 385A Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Pamela J Shaw
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, 385A Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, United Kingdom
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Parakh S, Atkin JD. Novel roles for protein disulphide isomerase in disease states: a double edged sword? Front Cell Dev Biol 2015; 3:30. [PMID: 26052512 PMCID: PMC4439577 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2015.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein disulphide isomerase (PDI) is a multifunctional redox chaperone of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Since it was first discovered 40 years ago the functions ascribed to PDI have evolved significantly and recent studies have recognized its distinct functions, with adverse as well as protective effects in disease. Furthermore, post translational modifications of PDI abrogate its normal functional roles in specific disease states. This review focusses on recent studies that have identified novel functions for PDI relevant to specific diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Parakh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Julie D Atkin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University Sydney, NSW, Australia ; Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University Bundoora, VIC, Australia
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