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Soomro AA, Rehman KU, Cai M, Laghari ZA, Zheng L, Yu Z, Zhang J. Larval biomass production from the co-digestion of mushroom root waste and soybean curd residues by black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens L.). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:30112-30125. [PMID: 38602637 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33173-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
People are increasingly using black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) as a sustainable waste management solution. They are high in protein and other essential nutrients, making them an ideal food source for livestock, poultry, and fish. Prior laboratory studies with BSFL developed on pure mushroom root waste (MRW) showed poor conversion efficiency compared to a regular artificial diet. Therefore, we mixed the nutrient-rich soybean curd residues (SCR) with MRW in different ratios (M2-M5). Pure mushroom root waste (M1, MRW 100%) had the lowest survival rate (86.2%), but it increased up to 96.9% with the SCR percentage increasing. M1 had the longest developmental period (31.1 days) and the lowest BSFL weight (7.4 g). However, the addition of SCR reduced the development time to 22.0 and 21.5 days in M4 (MRW 40%, SCR 60%) and M5 (MRW 20%, SCR 80%), respectively, and improved the larval weight to 10.9 g in M4 and 11.8 g in M5. Other groups did not have as much feed conversion ratio (FCR) (8.4 for M4 and M5), bioconversion (M4 5.4%; M5 5.9%), or lipid content (M4 25.2%; M5 24.3%). These mixtures did. Compare this to M1. We observed better results, with no significant differences between the M4 and M5 groups and their parameters. In the present study, our main target was to utilize more MRW. Therefore, we preferred the M4 group in our nutritional and safety investigation and further compared it with the artificial diet (M7). The heavy metals and essential amino acids (histidine 3.6%, methionine 2.7%, and threonine 3.8%) required for human consumption compared to WHO/FAO levels showed satisfactory levels. Furthermore, fatty acids (capric acid 1.9%, palmitic acid 15.3%, oleic acid 17.3%, and arachidonic acid 0.3%) also showed higher levels in M4 than M7. The SEM images and FT-IR spectra from the residues showed that the BSFL in group M4 changed the structure of the compact fiber to crack and remove fibers, which made the co-conversion mixture better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Aziz Soomro
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Pakistan Agricultural Research Council-Arid Zone Research Centre, Umerkot, Pakistan
| | - Kashif Ur Rehman
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- German Institute of Food Technologies (DIL E.V.), Prof.-V.-Klitzing-Str. 7, 49610, Quakenbrück, Germany
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Minmin Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Zubair Ahmed Laghari
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei Province, China
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, 70060, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Longyu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Ziniu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jibin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China.
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Yoshida BY, da Silva PRC, Prudencio SH. Soybean residue (okara) modified by extrusion with different moisture contents: Physical, chemical, and techno-functional properties. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2023; 29:491-500. [PMID: 35440182 DOI: 10.1177/10820132221095458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
To increase hydration properties and soluble fiber content, okara with different moisture contents (30, 35, and 40%) was extruded in single-screw equipment, keeping the temperature (120 °C) and screw speed (115 rpm) fixed. The physical, chemical, and techno-functional properties of extruded and non-extruded okara (control) were evaluated. The microstructure, color, chemical composition, and techno-functional properties of okara were altered after extrusion. The extruded samples showed general microstructure aspects similar between them, with an irregular and rough surface, striated parts, orifices, and some agglomerated particles with distorted, compact, and amorphous appearance, different from control. Among the modified samples, okara extruded with 30% moisture showed more intense changes in relation to the samples extruded with 35 and 40% moisture. Based on the results, it can be inferred that okara extruded with 35% moisture is the most suitable. Under this condition, there was an increase of 80% in soluble fiber content, 45% in water absorption and holding capacity and 11% in solid stability in water, the maintenance of swelling and oil absorption and holding capacities and the reduction of protein solubility in water. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that crystalline phase was affected by extrusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Yumi Yoshida
- Department of Food Science and Technology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
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Mohd Zaini NA, Azizan NAZ, Abd Rahim MH, Jamaludin AA, Raposo A, Raseetha S, Zandonadi RP, BinMowyna MN, Raheem D, Lho LH, Han H, Wan-Mohtar WAAQI. A narrative action on the battle against hunger using mushroom, peanut, and soybean-based wastes. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1175509. [PMID: 37250070 PMCID: PMC10213758 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1175509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous generations have been affected by hunger, which still affects hundreds of millions of people worldwide. The hunger crisis is worsening although many efforts have been made to minimize it. Besides that, food waste is one of the critical problems faced by most countries worldwide. It has disrupted the food chain system due to inefficient waste management, while negatively impacting the environment. The majority of the waste is from the food production process, resulting in a net zero production for food manufacturers while also harnessing its potential. Most food production wastes are high in nutritional and functional values, yet most of them end up as low-cost animal feed and plant fertilizers. This review identified key emerging wastes from the production line of mushroom, peanut, and soybean (MPS). These wastes (MPS) provide a new source for food conversion due to their high nutritional content, which contributes to a circular economy in the post-pandemic era and ensures food security. In order to achieve carbon neutrality and effective waste management for the production of alternative foods, biotechnological processes such as digestive, fermentative, and enzymatic conversions are essential. The article provides a narrative action on the critical potential application and challenges of MPS as future foods in the battle against hunger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Aqilah Mohd Zaini
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Asyiqin Zahia Azizan
- Functional Omics and Bioprocess Development Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Hafiz Abd Rahim
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Adi Ainurzaman Jamaludin
- Environmental Management Programme, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - António Raposo
- CBIOS (Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies), Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Siva Raseetha
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Renata Puppin Zandonadi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Mona N. BinMowyna
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dele Raheem
- Northern Institute for Environmental and Minority Law (NIEM), Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, Rovaniemi, Finland
| | - Linda Heejung Lho
- College of Business, Division of Tourism and Hotel Management, Cheongju University, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Heesup Han
- College of Hospitality and Tourism Management, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad Wan-Mohtar
- Functional Omics and Bioprocess Development Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Anjum S, Rana S, Dasila K, Agnihotri V, Pandey A, Pande V. Comparative nutritional and antimicrobial analysis of Himalayan black and yellow soybean and their okara. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:5358-5367. [PMID: 35318666 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soybean is believed to have good nutraceutical potential which is important for human health. Yellow soybean (YS) is generally used for the production of soymilk and other products, while black soybean (BS) is less explored. During the production of soymilk, residue, called okara is generated which is reported to have a good amount of nutrient content. Studies are generally performed with YS while BS is less explored. The present work is a comparison of the nutraceutical potential of BS and YS and their okara, mainly in terms of proximate, minerals, antinutrients, and isoflavone content and bioactivity of all types of samples in terms of antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. RESULTS Compared to raw soybean, protein content decreased significantly in both types of okara. Phytochemicals like ascorbic acid, catechin, quercetin, and gallic acid were significantly (P < 0.05) high in BS residue in comparison to respective raw soybean. Among isoflavones, daidzin and genistin were found significantly varying among all the samples, and glycitin and glycitein were not present in YS. CONCLUSION The nutraceutical potential and antimicrobial activity were comparative for both the raw beans and their okara, while the phytochemical contents and antioxidant activity were higher in the case of BS and its okara. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofiya Anjum
- Centre for Land and Water Resource Management, G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Almora, India
| | - Smita Rana
- Centre for Land and Water Resource Management, G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Almora, India
| | - Khashti Dasila
- Centre for Land and Water Resource Management, G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Almora, India
| | - Vasudha Agnihotri
- Centre for Land and Water Resource Management, G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Almora, India
| | - Anita Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, India
| | - Veena Pande
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Nainital, India
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Nile SH, Venkidasamy B, Samynathan R, Nile A, Shao K, Chen T, Sun M, Khan MU, Dutta N, Thiruvengadam M, Shariati MA, Rebezov M, Kai G. Soybean Processing Wastes: Novel Insights on Their Production, Extraction of Isoflavones, and Their Therapeutic Properties. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:6849-6863. [PMID: 34645264 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Soybean processing waste (SPW) has potential as a sustainable source of phytochemicals and functional foods. A variety of phytochemicals, nutrients, and minerals have been characterized from SPW using various analytical methods. SPW utilization strategies may provide a new way to increase production of bioactive compounds, nutritional supplements, and cosmetic ingredients. SPW has the potential for value-added processing, to improve commercial use, and to lower environmental pollution through proper use. Okara, a byproduct generated during soybean processing of tofu and soy milk, is rich in dietary fiber, isoflavones, and saponins. Isoflavones, an important class of biologically active compounds owing to their multifunctional and therapeutic effects, are extracted from SPW. Further, studies have shown that okara has potential prebiotic and therapeutic value in lowering the risk of noncommunicable diseases. Therefore, in this review, we focus on several extraction methods and pharmacotherapeutic effects of different SPWs. Their effective uses in functional foods, nutraceuticals, and health applications, as biocatalysts, and as value-added resources have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivraj Hariram Nile
- Laboratory for Core Technology of TCM Quality Improvement and Transformation, The Third Affiliated Hospital, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China
| | - Baskar Venkidasamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Shakthi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641062, India
| | - Ramkumar Samynathan
- R&D Division, Alchem Diagnostics, No. 1/1, Gokhale Street, Ram Nagar, Coimbatore, 641009, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Arti Nile
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Keding Shao
- Laboratory for Core Technology of TCM Quality Improvement and Transformation, The Third Affiliated Hospital, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China
| | - Tingting Chen
- Laboratory for Core Technology of TCM Quality Improvement and Transformation, The Third Affiliated Hospital, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China
| | - Meihong Sun
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, PR China
| | - Muhammad Usman Khan
- Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Nalok Dutta
- Bioproducts Science & Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Tri-Cities Campus, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (the First Cossack University), 73 Zemlyanoy Val, Moscow 109004, Russian Federation
| | - Maksim Rebezov
- V M Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of Russian Academy of Sciences, 26 Talalikhina St., Moscow 109316, Russian Federation
| | - Guoyin Kai
- Laboratory for Core Technology of TCM Quality Improvement and Transformation, The Third Affiliated Hospital, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China
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Somboonchai T, Foiklang S, Panatuk J, Cherdthong A, Laorodphan N, Wanapat M, Yammuen-Art S, Kang S. Replacement of soybean meal by red yeast fermented tofu waste on feed intake, growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality in Thai Brahman crossbred beef cattle. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:133. [PMID: 35260918 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03127-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effect of replacing soybean meal (SBM) by red yeast fermented tofu waste (RYFTO) on feed intake, growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality in Brahman crossbred beef cattle. A total of 12 cattle (1.5-2 years old and 275.0 ± 6.1 kg of initial body weight) were randomly allotted to three dietary treatments in completely randomized design. There were three dietary treatments as following: Control (SBM), 50%replacing SBM by red yeast fermented tofu waste (RYFTO50), and 100% replacing SBM by red yeast fermented tofu waste (RYFTO100) in concentrate diet raised for 60 days. Rice straw was used as roughage source and fed ad libitum. The results found that cattle received the diet with replacing SBM by RYFTO both RYFTO50 and RYFTO100 group affect roughage intake, total dry matter intake, and ADG (P < 0.05) except the digestibility and FCR (P > 0.05). The feed cost of roughage, concentrate, and total feed cost were lowest in RYFTO100 group when compared to the control (P < 0.05). Blood urea nitrogen was deducted when cattle received RYFTO100 when compared to the control and RYFTO50 (P < 0.05). However, the carcass characteristics and meat quality were similar among treatments (P > 0.05). In conclusion, the 100% replacing SBM by RYFTO in concentrate diet affect roughage intake and ADG without negative effect on concentrate intakes, digestibility, carcasses and meat quality. Therefore, RYFTO could be used as a protein source for partial replacement of SBM in the, concentrate diet at 50% which can lower feed cost. This study suggested that the further study should be conducted for longer period to gain the benefits of carotene in red yeast on carcass and meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tidalak Somboonchai
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, 50290, Thailand
| | - Suban Foiklang
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, 50290, Thailand.
| | - Jurakorn Panatuk
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, 50290, Thailand
| | - Anusorn Cherdthong
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Narakamol Laorodphan
- Faculty of Food and Agricultural Technology, Pibulsongkram Rajabhat University, Phisanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Metha Wanapat
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Saowaluck Yammuen-Art
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
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Reguengo LM, Salgaço MK, Sivieri K, Maróstica Júnior MR. Agro-industrial by-products: Valuable sources of bioactive compounds. Food Res Int 2022; 152:110871. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Li X, Zhou Z, Zhang J, Zhou S, Xiong Q. Conversion of Mixtures of Soybean Curd Residue and Kitchen Waste by Black Soldier Fly Larvae ( Hermetia illucens L.). INSECTS 2021; 13:23. [PMID: 35055866 PMCID: PMC8779397 DOI: 10.3390/insects13010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The production of insect biomass from organic waste is a major challenge in terms of reducing the environmental impacts of waste and maintaining feed and food security. The feasibility of the co-conversion of soybean curd residue (SCR) and kitchen waste (KW) to breed black soldier fly (BSF, Hermetia illucens) larvae was evaluated so as to enhance biomass conversion efficiency and supply animal feed and allow it to be used in biodiesel production. Co-digestion was found to significantly increase larval yield, bioconversion rate, and bioaccumulation of lipid. Partial least squares regression showed that the conversion of 30% SCR with 70% KW is an appropriate proportion. The appropriate performance parameters of BSF were: survival rate (98.75%), prepupal rate (88.61%), larval biomass (30.32 g fresh and 11.38 g dry mass), bioconversion rate (18.45%), efficiency conversion of ingested food (ECI) (28.30%), and FCR (2.51). Our results show that conversion of mixtures (e.g., SCR with KW) by BSF larvae (BSFL) could play an important role in various organic materials management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinfu Li
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211800, China; (X.L.); (S.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhihao Zhou
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211800, China; (X.L.); (S.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211800, China;
| | - Shen Zhou
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211800, China; (X.L.); (S.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Qiang Xiong
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211800, China; (X.L.); (S.Z.); (Z.Z.)
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9
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Dini I. Bio Discarded from Waste to Resource. Foods 2021; 10:2652. [PMID: 34828933 PMCID: PMC8621767 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The modern linear agricultural production system allows the production of large quantities of food for an ever-growing population. However, it leads to large quantities of agricultural waste either being disposed of or treated for the purpose of reintroduction into the production chain with a new use. Various approaches in food waste management were explored to achieve social benefits and applications. The extraction of natural bioactive molecules (such as fibers and antioxidants) through innovative technologies represents a means of obtaining value-added products and an excellent measure to reduce the environmental impact. Cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical industries can use natural bioactive molecules as supplements and the food industry as feed and food additives. The bioactivities of phytochemicals contained in biowaste, their potential economic impact, and analytical procedures that allow their recovery are summarized in this study. Our results showed that although the recovery of bioactive molecules represents a sustainable means of achieving both waste reduction and resource utilization, further research is needed to optimize the valuable process for industrial-scale recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Dini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
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10
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Alternative and Unconventional Feeds in Dairy Diets and Their Effect on Fatty Acid Profile and Health Properties of Milk Fat. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061817. [PMID: 34207160 PMCID: PMC8234496 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Milk fat is an important compound in human nutrition. From a nutritional point of view, the production of milk with a higher content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially of those from the n3 group, is desirable because consumption of a diet with a lower n6/n3 ratio is considered to be beneficial for humans. The most effective way to achieve this goal is via dietary manipulations in ruminants. In addition to the feedstuffs commonly used in dairy animal nutrition, there are some alternative or unconventional feedstuffs that are often used for other purposes, e.g., for the reduction of methane production in the rumen. However, such feedstuffs can also alter the fatty acid profile of milk, and thus they can have an impact on the health properties of milk fat. Abstract Milk fat is an important nutritional compound in the human diet. From the health point of view, some fatty acids (FAs), particularly long-chain PUFAs such as EPA and DHA, have been at the forefront of interest due to their antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor properties, which play a positive role in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), as well as linoleic and γ-linolenic acids, which play an important role in CVD treatment as essential components of phospholipids in the mitochondria of cell membranes. Thus, the modification of the FA profile—especially an increase in the concentration of polyunsaturated FAs and n-3 FAs in bovine milk fat—is desirable. The most effective way to achieve this goal is via dietary manipulations. The effects of various strategies in dairy nutrition have been thoroughly investigated; however, there are some alternative or unconventional feedstuffs that are often used for purposes other than basic feeding or modifying the fatty acid profiles of milk, such as tanniferous plants, herbs and spices, and algae. The use of these foods in dairy diets and their effects on milk fatty acid profile are reviewed in this article. The contents of selected individual FAs (atherogenic, rumenic, linoleic, α-linolenic, eicosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic acids) and their combinations; the contents of n3 and n6 FAs; n6/n3 ratios; and atherogenic, health-promoting and S/P indices were used as criteria for assessing the effect of these feeds on the health properties of milk fat.
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Suda Y, Sasaki N, Kagawa K, Elean M, Zhou B, Tomokiyo M, Islam MA, Rajoka MSR, Kober AKMH, Shimazu T, Egusa S, Terashima Y, Aso H, Ikeda-Ohtsubo W, Villena J, Kitazawa H. Immunobiotic Feed Developed with Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. delbrueckii TUA4408L and the Soymilk By-Product Okara Improves Health and Growth Performance in Pigs. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9050921. [PMID: 33923082 PMCID: PMC8145491 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9050921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. delbrueckii TUA4408L is able to differentially modulate the innate immune response of porcine intestinal epithelial cells triggered by TLR4 activation. This strain also has a remarkable ability to grow on plant substrates. These two immunological and biotechnological characteristics prompted us to evaluate whether the soymilk by-product okara fermented with the TUA4408L strain can serve as an immunobiotic feed with the ability to beneficially modulate the intestinal immunity of piglets after weaning to improve their productivity. Our in vivo studies demonstrated that the administration of immunobiotic TUA4408L-fermented okara feed significantly increased piglet growth performance and meat quality. These positive effects were associated with the ability of the TUA4408L-fermented okara feed to beneficially modulate both intestinal microbiota and immunity in pigs. The immunobiotic feed improved the abundance of the beneficial bacteria Lactobacillus and Lactococcus in the gut of pigs, reduced blood markers of inflammation, and differentially regulated the expression of inflammatory and regulatory cytokines in the intestinal mucosa. These findings indicate that the immunobiotic TUA4408L-fermented okara feed could be an economical and environmentally friendly option to improve the growth performance and immune health of pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihito Suda
- Department of Food Resource Development, School of Food Industrial Sciences, Miyagi University, Sendai 982-0215, Japan; (Y.S.); (N.S.); (K.K.)
| | - Nana Sasaki
- Department of Food Resource Development, School of Food Industrial Sciences, Miyagi University, Sendai 982-0215, Japan; (Y.S.); (N.S.); (K.K.)
| | - Kyoma Kagawa
- Department of Food Resource Development, School of Food Industrial Sciences, Miyagi University, Sendai 982-0215, Japan; (Y.S.); (N.S.); (K.K.)
- Graduate School of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Miyagi University, Sendai 982-0215, Japan
| | - Mariano Elean
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), Tucuman CP4000, Argentina;
| | - Binghui Zhou
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan; (B.Z.); (M.T.); (M.A.I.); (M.S.R.R.); (A.K.M.H.K.); (W.I.-O.)
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan;
| | - Mikado Tomokiyo
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan; (B.Z.); (M.T.); (M.A.I.); (M.S.R.R.); (A.K.M.H.K.); (W.I.-O.)
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan;
| | - Md. Aminul Islam
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan; (B.Z.); (M.T.); (M.A.I.); (M.S.R.R.); (A.K.M.H.K.); (W.I.-O.)
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan;
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Shahid Riaz Rajoka
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan; (B.Z.); (M.T.); (M.A.I.); (M.S.R.R.); (A.K.M.H.K.); (W.I.-O.)
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan;
| | - A. K. M. Humayun Kober
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan; (B.Z.); (M.T.); (M.A.I.); (M.S.R.R.); (A.K.M.H.K.); (W.I.-O.)
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan;
- Department of Dairy and Poultry Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chittagong 4225, Bangladesh
| | - Tomoyuki Shimazu
- Department of Food Science and Business, School of Food Industrial Sciences, Miyagi University, Sendai 982-0215, Japan;
| | - Shintaro Egusa
- Research and Development Division, Marusan-Ai Co., Ltd., Okazaki 444-2193, Japan; (S.E.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yuji Terashima
- Research and Development Division, Marusan-Ai Co., Ltd., Okazaki 444-2193, Japan; (S.E.); (Y.T.)
| | - Hisashi Aso
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan;
- Laboratory of Animal Health Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Wakako Ikeda-Ohtsubo
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan; (B.Z.); (M.T.); (M.A.I.); (M.S.R.R.); (A.K.M.H.K.); (W.I.-O.)
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan;
| | - Julio Villena
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), Tucuman CP4000, Argentina;
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan; (B.Z.); (M.T.); (M.A.I.); (M.S.R.R.); (A.K.M.H.K.); (W.I.-O.)
- Correspondence: (J.V.); (H.K.)
| | - Haruki Kitazawa
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan; (B.Z.); (M.T.); (M.A.I.); (M.S.R.R.); (A.K.M.H.K.); (W.I.-O.)
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan;
- Correspondence: (J.V.); (H.K.)
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12
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Kamal H, Le CF, Salter AM, Ali A. Extraction of protein from food waste: An overview of current status and opportunities. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:2455-2475. [PMID: 33819382 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The chief intent of this review is to explain the different extraction techniques and efficiencies for the recovery of protein from food waste (FW) sources. Although FW is not a new concept, increasing concerns about chronic hunger, nutritional deficiency, food security, and sustainability have intensified attention on alternative and sustainable sources of protein for food and feed. Initiatives to extract and utilize protein from FW on a commercial scale have been undertaken, mainly in the developed countries, but they remain largely underutilized and generally suited for low-quality products. The current analysis reveals the extraction of protein from FW is a many-sided (complex) issue, and that identifies for a stronger and extensive integration of diverse extraction perspectives, focusing on nutritional quality, yield, and functionality of the isolated protein as a valued recycled ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Kamal
- Future Food Beacon and Centre of Excellence for Postharvest Biotechnology (CEPB), School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan broga, Semenyih, Selangor, 43500, Malaysia
| | - Cheng Foh Le
- Future Food Beacon and Centre of Excellence for Postharvest Biotechnology (CEPB), School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan broga, Semenyih, Selangor, 43500, Malaysia
| | - Andrew M Salter
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LE 12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Asgar Ali
- Future Food Beacon and Centre of Excellence for Postharvest Biotechnology (CEPB), School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan broga, Semenyih, Selangor, 43500, Malaysia
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13
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Arai Y, Nishinari K, Nagano T. Developing Soybean Protein Gel-Based Foods from Okara Using the Wet-Type Grinder Method. Foods 2021; 10:348. [PMID: 33562101 PMCID: PMC7916012 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Okara, a by-product of tofu or soymilk, is rich in dietary fibers (DFs) that are mostly insoluble. A wet-type grinder (WG) system was used to produce nanocellulose (NC). We hypothesized that the WG system would increase the dispersion performance and viscosity of okara. These properties of WG-treated okara improve the gel-forming ability of soybean proteins. Here, the suspensions of 2 wt% okara were treated with WG for different passages (1, 3, and 5 times). The particle size distribution (PSD) and viscosity of WG-treated okara decreased and increased, respectively, with different passages. The five-time WG-treated okara homogeneously dispersed in water after 24 h, whereas untreated okara did not. The breaking stress, strain, and water holding capacity of soybean protein isolate (SPI) gels increased upon the addition of WG-treated okara. This effect increased as the number of WG treatments increased. The breaking stress and strain of SPI gels to which different concentrations of the five-time WG-treated okara were added also increased with increasing concentrations of WG-treated okara. These results suggest that NC technology can improve the physicochemical properties of okara and are useful in the development of protein gel-based foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Arai
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Bioresources and Environmental Sciences, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308, Suematsu, Nonoich 921-8836, Japan;
| | - Katsuyoshi Nishinari
- Glyn O. Phillips Hydrocolloids Research Centre, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China;
| | - Takao Nagano
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Bioresources and Environmental Sciences, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308, Suematsu, Nonoich 921-8836, Japan;
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14
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Swallah MS, Fan H, Wang S, Yu H, Piao C. Prebiotic Impacts of Soybean Residue (Okara) on Eubiosis/Dysbiosis Condition of the Gut and the Possible Effects on Liver and Kidney Functions. Molecules 2021; 26:E326. [PMID: 33440603 PMCID: PMC7826621 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Okara is a white-yellow fibrous residue consisting of the insoluble fraction of the soybean seeds remaining after extraction of the aqueous fraction during the production of tofu and soymilk, and is generally considered a waste product. It is packed with a significant number of proteins, isoflavones, soluble and insoluble fibers, soyasaponins, and other mineral elements, which are all attributed with health merits. With the increasing production of soy beverages, huge quantities of this by-product are produced annually, which poses significant disposal problems and financial issues for producers. Extensive studies have been done on the biological activities, nutritional values, and chemical composition of okara as well as its potential utilization. Owing to its peculiar rich fiber composition and low cost of production, okara might be potentially useful in the food industry as a functional ingredient or good raw material and could be used as a dietary supplement to prevent varied ailments such as prevention of diabetes, hyperlipidemia, obesity, as well as to stimulate the growth of intestinal microbes and production of microbe-derived metabolites (xenometabolites), since gut dysbiosis (imbalanced microbiota) has been implicated in the progression of several complex diseases. This review seeks to compile scientific research on the bioactive compounds in soybean residue (okara) and discuss the possible prebiotic impact of this fiber-rich residue as a functional diet on eubiosis/dysbiosis condition of the gut, as well as the consequential influence on liver and kidney functions, to facilitate a detailed knowledge base for further exploration, implementation, and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Sharif Swallah
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (M.S.S.); (H.F.); (S.W.)
| | - Hongliang Fan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (M.S.S.); (H.F.); (S.W.)
| | - Sainan Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (M.S.S.); (H.F.); (S.W.)
| | - Hansong Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (M.S.S.); (H.F.); (S.W.)
- Soybean Research & Development Centre, Division of Soybean Processing, Chinese Agricultural Research System, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Chunhong Piao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (M.S.S.); (H.F.); (S.W.)
- Soybean Research & Development Centre, Division of Soybean Processing, Chinese Agricultural Research System, Changchun 130118, China
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15
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Rahman MM, Mat K, Ishigaki G, Akashi R. A review of okara (soybean curd residue) utilization as animal feed: Nutritive value and animal performance aspects. Anim Sci J 2021; 92:e13594. [PMID: 34289204 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Year by year, huge quantities of by-products are generated during the manufacturing process of soybean-based products. Okara is one of the by-products, and it is an insoluble portion of the soybean. It consists of high moisture (8.4-22.9%); on dry matter basis, it contains high metabolizable energy (9.0-14.2 MJ/kg) and other components that include crude protein (20.9-39.1%), crude fiber (12.2-61.3%), crude fat (4.9-21.5%), and ash (3.4-5.3%). Fermentation of okara improves its nutritional quality and reduces its anti-nutrient contents. Due to animals' palatability, okara can be used to replace the soybean meal/concentrate feed partially or completely in ruminant's diet and partially in nonruminant's diet. Okara feeding does not depress the intake, digestibility, growth, milk production, blood metabolic profiles, and meat quality of animals. However, this by-product decays quickly due to its high moisture content, and its heavy weight and sticky nature make it difficult to process and expensive to dry using conventional methods. This paper thoroughly summarizes the utilization of okara as animal feed in the cause of developing a general guideline with favorable levels of inclusion in the diets of animals for its exploitation and valorization. This review will encourage further research to develop eco-friendly and value added feed for animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mijanur Rahman
- Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Institute of Food Security and Sustainable Agriculture, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Khairiyah Mat
- Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Institute of Food Security and Sustainable Agriculture, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Genki Ishigaki
- Sumiyoshi Livestock Science Station, Field Science Education Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Ryo Akashi
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
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16
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Nagano T, Arai Y, Yano H, Aoki T, Kurihara S, Hirano R, Nishinari K. Improved physicochemical and functional properties of okara, a soybean residue, by nanocellulose technologies for food development – A review. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.105964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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17
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Raksasat R, Lim JW, Kiatkittipong W, Kiatkittipong K, Ho YC, Lam MK, Font-Palma C, Mohd Zaid HF, Cheng CK. A review of organic waste enrichment for inducing palatability of black soldier fly larvae: Wastes to valuable resources. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 267:115488. [PMID: 32891050 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The increase of annual organic wastes generated worldwide has become a major problem for many countries since the mismanagement could bring about negative effects on the environment besides, being costly for an innocuous disposal. Recently, insect larvae have been investigated to valorize organic wastes. This entomoremediation approach is rising from the ability of the insect larvae to convert organic wastes into its biomass via assimilation process as catapulted by the natural demand to complete its lifecycle. Among the insect species, black soldier fly or Hermetia illucens is widely researched since the larvae can grow in various environments while being saprophagous in nature. Even though black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) can ingest various decay materials, some organic wastes such as sewage sludge or lignocellulosic wastes such as waste coconut endosperm are destitute of decent nutrients that could retard the BSFL growth. Hence, blending with nutrient-rich low-cost substrates such as palm kernel expeller, soybean curd residue, etc. is employed to fortify the nutritional contents of larval feeding substrates prior to administering to the BSFL. Alternatively, microbial fermentation can be adopted to breakdown the lignocellulosic wastes, exuding essential nutrients for growing BSFL. Upon reaching maturity, the BSFL can be harvested to serve as the protein and lipid feedstock. The larval protein can be made into insect meal for farmed animals, whilst the lipid source could be extracted and transesterified into larval biodiesel to cushion the global energy demands. Henceforth, this review presents the influence of various organic wastes introduced to feed BSFL, targeting to reduce wastes and producing biochemicals from mature larvae through entomoremediation. Modification of recalcitrant organic wastes via fermentation processes is also unveiled to ameliorate the BSFL growth. Lastly, the sustainable applications of harvested BSFL biomass are as well covered together with the immediate shortcomings that entail further researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratchaprapa Raksasat
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Jun Wei Lim
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia.
| | - Worapon Kiatkittipong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand
| | - Kunlanan Kiatkittipong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand
| | - Yeek Chia Ho
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Centre of Urban Resource Sustainability, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Man Kee Lam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Carolina Font-Palma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Chester, Chester, CH2 4NU, UK
| | - Hayyiratul Fatimah Mohd Zaid
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Centre of Innovative Nanostructures & Nanodevices (COINN), Institute of Autonomous System, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Chin Kui Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Khalifa University, P. O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Zhu J, Song X, Tan WK, Wen Y, Gao Z, Ong CN, Loh CS, Swarup S, Li J. Chemical Modification of Biomass Okara Using Poly(acrylic acid) through Free Radical Graft Polymerization. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:13241-13246. [PMID: 32364750 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Okara (Ok) or soybean residue is produced as a byproduct from the soybean milk and soybean curd industries world wide, most of which is disposed or burned as waste. It is important to explore the possibilities to convert okara to useful materials, because okara is a naturally renewable bioresource. Here, we report the chemical modification of okara by grafting poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) onto the backbones of okara in water medium and the characterization of the Ok-PAA graft copolymers. It was found that the received okara mainly contained insoluble contents in water. The insoluble okara component Ok(Ins) was suspended in water and activated with ammonium persulfate as an initiator, followed by grafting PAA through a free radical polymerization. After the graft polymerization, the product (Ok-PAA) was separated into precipitate and supernatant, which were dried to give Ok-PAA(pre) and Ok-PAA(sup), respectively. It was found that PAA was grafted on Ok backbones and co-precipitated with the insoluble Ok. In addition, Ok-PAA(sup) was found to be translucent as a result of the grafting of PAA. Further, the successful grafting of PAA onto okara backbones was proven by Fourier transform infrared, thermogravimetric analysis, and microscopic measurements. Ok-PAA(sup) dispersed in water formed nanoparticles with an average diameter of 420 nm, while Ok-PAA(pre) was clustered coarse particles in water. The rheological data including the storage modulus, loss modulus, and viscosity indicated that the Ok-PAA product was a viscoelastic gel-like material with potential for agricultural and environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingling Zhu
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, 7 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117574, Singapore
| | - Xia Song
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, 7 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117574, Singapore
| | - Wee Kee Tan
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Yuting Wen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, 7 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117574, Singapore
| | - Zhengyang Gao
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Choon Nam Ong
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, 12 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117549, Singapore
| | - Chiang Shiong Loh
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Sanjay Swarup
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, 7 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117574, Singapore
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19
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Rahman MM, Abdullah RB, Mat KB, Ishigaki G, Nor MM, Akashi R. Replacement of soybean meal with levels of inclusion of soya waste in the diet of growing goats. Trop Anim Health Prod 2020; 52:3085-3090. [PMID: 32564217 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02330-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of replacing soybean meal with soya waste at different levels on intake, digestibility and growth in goats. Eighteen male goat kids with initial body weight (BW) of 13.0 kg were distributed equally to three dietary groups. They were fed Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) and concentrate mixture, and each goat was assigned to an individual pen. Soybean meal in the concentrate mixture was replaced with soya waste at 0% (T1), 50% (T2) and 100% (T3) levels in respective dietary groups. These diets were isocaloric and isonitrogenous. Results showed that animals fed T3 diet exhibited higher Napier grass intake than those fed T1 or T2 diet. There was no influence on total intakes of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), metabolic BW, per cent BW and metabolisable energy by the dietary groups. However, there was an increasing trend on intake and digestibility of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) with increasing levels of soya waste in the diets. Animals fed T3 diet showed higher intake and digestibility of NDF than those fed T1 diet. There was no influence of the dietary groups on digestibilities of DM, OM and CP. Similarly, there was no effect of them on the final BW, total BW gain, daily BW gain, feed conversion ratio and feed cost. Soya waste can replace 100% soybean meal in diets for growing goats, because no change was observed in nutrient intake, digestibility and growth performance; inclusion of soya waste enhanced the intake and digestibility of NDF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mijanur Rahman
- Faculty of Agro Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600, Jeli, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.
- Institute of Food Security and Sustainable Agriculture, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600, Jeli, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Ramli Bin Abdullah
- Faculty Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kampus Besut, 22200, Besut, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Khairiyah Binti Mat
- Faculty of Agro Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600, Jeli, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Institute of Food Security and Sustainable Agriculture, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600, Jeli, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Genki Ishigaki
- Sumiyoshi Livestock Science Station, Field Science Education Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 10100-1 Shimanouchi, Miyazaki, 880-0121, Japan
| | - Maryana Mohamad Nor
- Faculty of Agro Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600, Jeli, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Institute of Food Security and Sustainable Agriculture, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600, Jeli, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ryo Akashi
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen kibanadai Nishi, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
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20
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Tian Z, Deng D, Cui Y, Chen W, Yu M, Ma X. Diet supplemented with fermented okara improved growth performance, meat quality, and amino acid profiles in growing pigs. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:5650-5659. [PMID: 33133567 PMCID: PMC7590273 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the efficacy of fermented okara on performance and meat quality, and to explore the feasibility of its partial substitution for corn-soybean meal in pig production. A total of 48 pigs (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) with an average body weight of 58.60 ± 0.65 kg were randomly assigned to 2 groups, Control group and Fermented okara (FO) group. There were 8 replicate pens each with 3 pigs per treatment. Control pigs were fed a corn-soybean meal basal diet, treatment pigs were fed a basal diet supplemented with FO throughout the 55-d experimental period. Results showed that fermentation of okara using probiotics increased its microporous structure, polysaccharides, lactic acid, and free amino acids (FAA) by 46.06%, 150%, and 66.45% compared with unfermented okara, respectively (p < .05). The diet supplemented with FO significantly improved average daily gain (ADG) by 8.70% (p < .01), but decreased the feed gain ratio (F/G) by 5.56% of growing pigs compared to the control diet (p < .05). Furthermore, dietary FO improve meat color, FAA, and the activity of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) in the serum and muscles (p < .05). Collectively, probiotics-fermented okara improved growth performance, meat quality and antioxidant capacity, and it can be used to substitute partial corn-soybean meal in pig industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry BreedingKey Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South ChinaMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsGuangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and NutritionGuangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of animal Meat quality and Safety Control and EvaluationInstitute of Animal ScienceGuangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Dun Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry BreedingKey Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South ChinaMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsGuangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and NutritionGuangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of animal Meat quality and Safety Control and EvaluationInstitute of Animal ScienceGuangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Yiyan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry BreedingKey Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South ChinaMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsGuangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and NutritionGuangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of animal Meat quality and Safety Control and EvaluationInstitute of Animal ScienceGuangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Weidong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry BreedingKey Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South ChinaMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsGuangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and NutritionGuangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of animal Meat quality and Safety Control and EvaluationInstitute of Animal ScienceGuangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Miao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry BreedingKey Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South ChinaMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsGuangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and NutritionGuangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of animal Meat quality and Safety Control and EvaluationInstitute of Animal ScienceGuangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Xianyong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry BreedingKey Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South ChinaMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsGuangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and NutritionGuangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of animal Meat quality and Safety Control and EvaluationInstitute of Animal ScienceGuangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhouChina
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Johnson A, He JL, Kong F, Huang YC, Thomas S, Lin HTV, Kong ZL. Surfactin-Loaded ĸ-Carrageenan Oligosaccharides Entangled Cellulose Nanofibers as a Versatile Vehicle Against Periodontal Pathogens. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:4021-4047. [PMID: 32606662 PMCID: PMC7293418 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s238476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with microbial accumulation. The purpose of this study was to reuse the agricultural waste to produce cellulose nanofibers (CNF) and further modification of the CNF with κ-carrageenan oligosaccharides (CO) for drug delivery. In addition, this study is focused on the antimicrobial activity of surfactin-loaded CO-CNF towards periodontal pathogens. MATERIALS AND METHODS A chemo-mechanical method was used to extract the CNF and the modification was done by using CO. The studies were further proceeded by adding different quantities of surfactin [50 mg (50 SNPs), 100 mg (100 SNPs), 200 mg (200 SNPs)] into the carrier (CO-CNF). The obtained materials were characterized, and the antimicrobial activity of surfactin-loaded CO-CNF was evaluated. RESULTS The obtained average size of CNF and CO-CNF after ultrasonication was 263 nm and 330 nm, respectively. Microscopic studies suggested that the CNF has a short diameter with long length and CO became cross-linked to form as beads within the CNF network. The addition of CO improved the degradation temperature, crystallinity, and swelling property of CNF. The material has a controlled drug release, and the entrapment efficiency and loading capacity of the drug were 53.15 ± 2.36% and 36.72 ± 1.24%, respectively. It has antioxidant activity and inhibited the growth of periodontal pathogens such as Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis by preventing the biofilm formation, reducing the metabolic activity, and promoting the oxidative stress. CONCLUSION The study showed the successful extraction of CNF and modification with CO improved the physical parameters of the CNF. In addition, surfactin-loaded CO-CNF has potential antimicrobial activity against periodontal pathogens. The obtained biomaterial is economically valuable and has great potential for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athira Johnson
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung20224, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Ling He
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung20224, Taiwan
| | - Fanbin Kong
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, GA30602, U.S.A
| | - Yi-Cheng Huang
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung20224, Taiwan
| | - Sabu Thomas
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala686560, India
| | - Hong-Ting Victor Lin
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung20224, Taiwan
| | - Zwe-Ling Kong
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung20224, Taiwan
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Malaka R, Maruddin F, Dwyana Z, Vargas MV. Assessment of exopolysaccharide production by Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus ropy strain in different substrate media. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:1657-1664. [PMID: 32180973 PMCID: PMC7063361 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research was to determine the optimal medium for Exopolysaccharides (EPS) production by a Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus ropy strain isolated from a locally produced commercial fermented milk, in reconstituted skim milk (RSM) 10% (w/v), milk whey (MW), and soy milk whey (SMW), under optimal growth conditions for this strain. Milk whey was made by coagulating fresh milk using papaya latex 3% (v/v); soy milk whey was obtained from tofu household industry. The chemical composition of the substrate media was determined by proximate analysis, and sterilization was accomplished in an autoclave at 121°C for 15 min. Culture media were inoculated with 1% (v/v) of a starter culture of L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and then incubated at 30°C for 16 hr. EPS production, lactic acid content, cell counting, and pH were determined after the media were cooled at 5°C. Findings showed that on the basis of the growth characteristics of L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, the best medium for EPS production was RSM 10% (258.60 ± 26.86 mg/L) compared to the milk whey (69.60 ± 9.48 mg/L) and soy milk whey (49.80 ± 9.04 mg/L).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratmawati Malaka
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Milk Processing Department of Animal Science Faculty of Animal Science Hasanuddin University Makassar Indonesia
| | - Fatma Maruddin
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Milk Processing Department of Animal Science Faculty of Animal Science Hasanuddin University Makassar Indonesia
| | - Zaraswati Dwyana
- Laboratory of Microbiology Department of Biology Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Sciences Hasanuddin University Makassar Indonesia
| | - Maynor V Vargas
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences National Technical University (UTN) Alajuela Costa Rica
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Li G, Guo W, Gao X, Wang Y, Sun S. Effect of superfine grinding on physicochemical and antioxidant properties of soybean residue powder. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:1208-1214. [PMID: 32148826 PMCID: PMC7020326 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybean residue is an underutilized, nutrient-rich by-product of soybean processing. To enhance its value, we subjected soybean residue to superfine grinding and measured the resulting physiochemical properties and antioxidant activities. We prepared powders with particle sizes of 115.35, 77.93, 39.38, 25.01, and 20.44 μm. As particle size decreased, the surface area (from 96.46 to 198.32 m2/kg) and swelling capacity (from 2.05 to 10.62 ml/g) increased. Conversely, we observed decreases in the surface-number mean (from 23.07 to 11.20 μm), volume-surface mean (from 141.70 to 27.96 μm), angles of repose (from 48.30° to 31.46°), water holding capacity (from 7.86 to 4.39 g/g), and oil binding capacity (from 1.78 to 1.42 g/g). The water solubility index and antioxidant activity (reducing power and free radical scavenging activities of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline sulfonic acid)) improved as particle size decreased. In conclusion, superfine grinding improved some properties of soybean residue. Additionally, our findings provide theoretical support for using superfine grinding in industrial food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Li
- Food and Bioengineering CollegeXuchang UniversityXuchangHenanChina
- Key Laboratory of Biomarker Based Rapid‐detection Technology for Food Safety of Henan ProvinceXuchangHenanChina
| | - Weiyun Guo
- Food and Bioengineering CollegeXuchang UniversityXuchangHenanChina
- Key Laboratory of Biomarker Based Rapid‐detection Technology for Food Safety of Henan ProvinceXuchangHenanChina
| | - Xueli Gao
- Food and Bioengineering CollegeXuchang UniversityXuchangHenanChina
| | - Yonghui Wang
- Food and Bioengineering CollegeXuchang UniversityXuchangHenanChina
- Key Laboratory of Biomarker Based Rapid‐detection Technology for Food Safety of Henan ProvinceXuchangHenanChina
| | - Sisheng Sun
- Food and Bioengineering CollegeXuchang UniversityXuchangHenanChina
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Joo KH, Cavender GA. Investigation of tofu products coagulated with trimagnesium citrate as a novel alternative to nigari and gypsum: Comparison of physical properties and consumer preference. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Ogruc Ildiz G, Celik O, Atak C, Yilmaz A, Kabuk HN, Kaygisiz E, Ayan A, Meric S, Fausto R. Raman Spectroscopic and Chemometric Investigation of Lipid-Protein Ratio Contents of Soybean Mutants. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 74:34-41. [PMID: 31219334 DOI: 10.1177/0003702819859940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Seeds belonging to fourth generation mutants (M4) of Ataem-7 cultivar (A7) variety and S04-05 (S) breeding line salt-tolerant soybeans were investigated by Raman spectroscopy, complemented by chemometrics methods, in order to evaluate changes induced by mutations in the relative lipid-protein contents, and to find fast, efficient strategies for discrimination of the mutants and the control groups based on their Raman spectra. It was concluded that gamma irradiation caused an increase in the lipid to protein ratio of the studied Ataem-7 variety mutants, while it led to a decrease of this ratio in the investigated S04-05 breeding line mutants. These results were found to be in agreement with data obtained by reflectance spectrum analysis of the seeds in the full ultraviolet to near-infrared spectral region and suggest the possibility of developing strategies where gamma irradiation can be used as a tool to improve mutant soybean plants targeted to different applications, either enriched in proteins or in lipids. Ward's clustering and principal component analysis showed a clear discrimination between mutants and controls and, in the case of the studied S-type species, discrimination between the different mutants. The grouping scheme is also found to be in agreement with the compositional information extracted from the analysis of the lipid-protein contents of the different samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulce Ogruc Ildiz
- Department of Physics, Science and Letters Faculty, Istanbul Kultur University, Istanbul, Turkey
- CQC, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ozge Celik
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science and Letters Faculty, Istanbul Kultur University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cimen Atak
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science and Letters Faculty, Istanbul Kultur University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayberk Yilmaz
- Department of Physics, Science Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hayrunnisa Nur Kabuk
- Department of Physics, Science and Letters Faculty, Istanbul Kultur University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ersin Kaygisiz
- Department of Physics, Science Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alp Ayan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science and Letters Faculty, Istanbul Kultur University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sinan Meric
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science and Letters Faculty, Istanbul Kultur University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rui Fausto
- CQC, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Food Wastes as a Potential new Source for Edible Insect Mass Production for Food and Feed: A review. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation5030081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
About one-third of the food produced annually worldwide ends up as waste. A minor part of this waste is used for biofuel and compost production, but most is landfilled, causing environmental damage. Mass production of edible insects for human food and livestock feed seems a sustainable solution to meet demand for animal-based protein, which is expected to increase due to rapid global population growth. The aim of this review was to compile up-to-date information on mass rearing of edible insects for food and feed based on food wastes. The use and the potential role of the fermentation process in edible insect mass production and the potential impact of this rearing process in achieving an environmentally friendly and sustainable food industry was also assessed. Food waste comprises a huge nutrient stock that could be valorized to feed nutritionally flexible edible insects. Artificial diets based on food by-products for black soldier fly, house fly, mealworm, and house cricket mass production have already been tested with promising results. The use of fermentation and fermentation by-products can contribute to this process and future research is proposed towards this direction. Part of the sustainability of the food sector could be based on the valorization of food waste for edible insect mass production. Further research on functional properties of reared edible insects, standardization of edible insects rearing techniques, safety control aspects, and life cycle assessments is needed for an insect-based food industry.
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Bava L, Jucker C, Gislon G, Lupi D, Savoldelli S, Zucali M, Colombini S. Rearing of Hermetia Illucens on Different Organic By-Products: Influence on Growth, Waste Reduction, and Environmental Impact. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:E289. [PMID: 31146401 PMCID: PMC6617253 DOI: 10.3390/ani9060289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the use of three by-products as growing substrates for Hermetia illucens (Black Soldier Fly (BSF)) larvae: okara, maize distiller, brewer's grains, and a control hen diet. The study focused on larval growth and bioconversion performance, production of methane by larvae and environmental burden of larvae production, using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) on a lab scale. Chemical composition of substrates differed: okara had the highest crude protein and ether extract contents, while brewer's grains showed the highest fiber content. Larvae fed on a hen diet and maize distiller exhibited the highest final weights (2.29 and 1.97 g, respectively). Larvae grown on okara showed the highest indexes for waste reduction and efficiency of conversion of the ingested feed. The BSF larvae did not produce any detectable traces of CH4. LCA evaluation showed that larvae production on a hen diet resulted in the most impact for most of environmental categories, for the inclusion of soybean meal in the diet (for climate change, 5.79 kg CO2 eq/kg dry larvae). Feed production activities resulted in the main contributions to environmental impact. In order to compare the larvae production obtained on all substrates, an environmental impact was attributed to okara and brewer's grain through a substitution method, and, by this approach, the best sustainable product resulted from the larvae grown on the maize distiller.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Bava
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali-Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Costanza Jucker
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione, l'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Giulia Gislon
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali-Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Daniela Lupi
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione, l'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Sara Savoldelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione, l'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Maddalena Zucali
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali-Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Stefania Colombini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali-Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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Somroo AA, Ur Rehman K, Zheng L, Cai M, Xiao X, Hu S, Mathys A, Gold M, Yu Z, Zhang J. Influence of Lactobacillus buchneri on soybean curd residue co-conversion by black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) for food and feedstock production. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 86:114-122. [PMID: 30902235 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL), Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) can reduce environmental pollution and convert organic wastes into biomass that is rich in protein and fat. The influence of the nutritional characteristics of organic waste on BSFL characteristics relevant for food and feed safety remains poorly understood. To evaluate the conversion of soybean curd residues (SCR) into high-quality animal-derived proteins and fats for human and livestock consumption, this study assessed the co-conversion efficacy, nutrient composition, safety, and anti-nutritional factor concentrations in BSFL after the development on SCR with Lactobacillus buchneri (L3-9). SCR was pretreated with L. buchneri (108 cfu/ml), and then BSFL was employed for conversion. BSFL fed with SCR and L. buchneri had a significantly higher dry mass reduction (55.7 ± 0.9%), bioconversion rate (6.9 ± 0.3%), crude protein content (55.3 ± 0.6%), and fat content (30.0 ± 0.6%) than SCR (49.0 ± 0.7%, 5.0 ± 0.3%, 52.8 ± 0.3%, and 26.1 ± 0.8%, respectively) and artificial feed (43.9 ± 0.8%, 3.9 ± 0.1%, 50.3 ± 0.4%, and 24.3 ± 0.4%, respectively). However, the feed conversion ratio (8.0 ± 0.3), of BSFL fed with SCR and L. buchneri was lower than that of the BSFL fed with SCR (9.8 ± 0.1) and artificial feed (11.1 ± 0.5). In addition, BSFL had satisfactory concentrations of all essential amino acids and fatty acids required for human consumption as recommended by WHO/FAO/UNU. The heavy metals and anti-nutritional factor concentrations were within the safety intake levels for food and feedstock. Therefore, the addition of L. buchneri with BSFL on SCR did not only increase co-conversion performance but also enhanced the nutritional value of BSFL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Aziz Somroo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Kashif Ur Rehman
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Livestock and Dairy Development Department, Poultry Research Institute, Government of Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Longyu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Minmin Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaopeng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shencai Hu
- School of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, Hubei 430023, China
| | - Alexander Mathys
- Laboratory of Sustainable Food Processing, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Moritz Gold
- Laboratory of Sustainable Food Processing, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Sanitation, Water and Solid Waste for Development (Sandec), Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Ziniu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jibin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Bioconversion of green volatiles in okara (soybean residue) into esters by coupling enzyme catalysis and yeast (Lindnera saturnus) fermentation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:10017-10026. [PMID: 30284011 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9396-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Okara (soybean residue), a by-product from soymilk and tofu production, has a green, grassy off odour as it contains a large amount of aldehydes. This work investigated the rate-limiting enzyme(s) in the formation of aldehydes in okara and the pathways leading to their bioconversion into fruity, pleasant-smelling esters by the yeast Lindnera saturnus. Lipase and hydroperoxide lyase were shown to be rate-limiting enzymes while endogenous soy lipoxygenase was also crucial for the production of aldehydes in okara. Subsequent fermentation of okara by L. saturnus increased the amount of esters by about 70 times to 165-277 μg/g dried okara. The generation of C7 esters followed our hypothesised pathway, while that for C6 esters was mainly affected by L. saturnus. This study presents a simple and inexpensive one-pot setup for the natural bio-production of esters from okara.
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Wang H, Sun X, Wang L, Wu H, Zhao G, Liu H, Wang P, Zheng Z. Coproduction of menaquinone-7 and nattokinase by Bacillus subtilis using soybean curd residue as a renewable substrate combined with a dissolved oxygen control strategy. ANN MICROBIOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-018-1372-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Hidanah S, Nazar DS, Safitri E. The improvement of eggs quality of Mojosari duck ( Anas javanica) with soybean husk fermentation using cellulolytic bacteria of Spodoptera litura. Vet World 2018; 11:720-725. [PMID: 29915514 PMCID: PMC5993759 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.720-725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study was aimed to improve the quality of the eggs of Mojosari duck (Anas javanica) through complete feeding containing soybean husk was fermented using cellulolytic bacteria of Spodoptera litura. Materials and Methods: This study consisted of three stages: The first stages, isolation and identification of cellulolytic bacteria from S. litura; the second stage, the fermentation of soybean husk through the application of bacterial cellulolytic isolate from the first stage; and the third stage, the application of the best complete feed formulation from the second stage to Mojosari duck. Results: There are four dominant bacteria: Bacillus sp., Cellulomonas sp., Pseudomonas sp., and Cytophaga sp. Furthermore, the best reduction of the crude fiber of soybean husks is the use of Cellulomonas sp. bacteria. The final of the study, the quality of the eggs of Anas javanica, was improved, as indicated by cholesterol decrease from the yolk without the decrease of egg weight and eggshell thickness, although the decrease in egg yolk color was inevitable. Conclusion: Soy husk fermentation using cellulolytic bacteria of S. litura was added to complete feeding can be performed to improve the quality of the eggs of Mojosari duck.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Hidanah
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Dady Soegianto Nazar
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Erma Safitri
- Department of Veterinary Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.,Stem Cells Research Division of Institute Tropical Disease (ITD), Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Diwan B, Parkhey P, Gupta P. From agro-industrial wastes to single cell oils: a step towards prospective biorefinery. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2018; 63:547-568. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-018-0602-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Wang J, Qian W, He Y, Xiong Y, Song P, Wang RM. Reutilization of discarded biomass for preparing functional polymer materials. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 65:11-21. [PMID: 28431803 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Biomass is abundant and recyclable on the earth, which has been assigned numerous roles to human beings. However, over the past decades, accompanying with the rapid expansion of man-made materials, such as alloy, plastic, synthetic rubber and fiber, a great number of natural materials had been neglected and abandoned, such as straw, which cause a waste of resource and environmental pollution. In this review, based on introducing sources of discarded biomass, the main composition and polymer chains in discarded biomass materials, the traditional treatment and novel approach for reutilization of discarded biomass were summarized. The discarded biomass mainly come from plant wastes generated in the process of agriculture and forestry production and manufacturing processes, animal wastes generated in the process of animal husbandry and fishery production as well as the residual wastes produced in the process of food processing and rural living garbage. Compared with the traditional treatment including burning, landfill, feeding and fertilizer, the novel approach for reutilization of discarded biomass principally allotted to energy, ecology and polymer materials. The prepared functional materials covered in composite materials, biopolymer based adsorbent and flocculant, carrier materials, energy materials, smart polymer materials for medical and other intelligent polymer materials, which can effectively serve the environmental management and human life, such as wastewater treatment, catalyst, new energy, tissue engineering, drug controlled release, and coating. To sum up, the renewable and biodegradable discarded biomass resources play a vital role in the sustainable development of human society, as well as will be put more emphases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Wenzhen Qian
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yufeng He
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Yubing Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Pengfei Song
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Rong-Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
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Mejia A, Harwatt H, Jaceldo-Siegl K, Sranacharoenpong K, Soret S, Sabaté J. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Generated by Tofu Production: A Case Study. JOURNAL OF HUNGER & ENVIRONMENTAL NUTRITION 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/19320248.2017.1315323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Mejia
- Department of Public Health, Nutrition and Wellness, School of Health Professions, Andrews University, Berrien Springs, Michigan, USA
| | - Helen Harwatt
- School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | | | | | - Samuel Soret
- School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Joan Sabaté
- School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
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Pierce BC, Agger JW, Wichmann J, Meyer AS. Oxidative cleavage and hydrolytic boosting of cellulose in soybean spent flakes by Trichoderma reesei Cel61A lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase. Enzyme Microb Technol 2017; 98:58-66. [PMID: 28110665 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The auxiliary activity family 9 (AA9) copper-dependent lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase (LPMO) from Trichoderma reesei (EG4; TrCel61A) was investigated for its ability to oxidize the complex polysaccharides from soybean. The substrate specificity of the enzyme was assessed against a variety of substrates, including both soy spent flake, a by-product of the soy food industry, and soy spent flake pretreated with sodium hydroxide. Products from enzymatic treatments were analyzed using mass spectrometry and high performance anion exchange chromatography. We demonstrate that TrCel61A is capable of oxidizing cellulose from both pretreated soy spent flake and phosphoric acid swollen cellulose, oxidizing at both the C1 and C4 positions. In addition, we show that the oxidative activity of TrCel61A displays a synergistic effect capable of boosting endoglucanase activity, and thereby substrate depolymerization of soy cellulose, by 27%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C Pierce
- DuPont™ Nutrition Biosciences ApS, Edwin Rahrs Vej 38, Brabrand, 8220, Denmark; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Center for Bioprocess Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 229, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark.
| | - Jane Wittrup Agger
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Center for Bioprocess Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 229, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark.
| | - Jesper Wichmann
- DuPont™ Nutrition Biosciences ApS, Edwin Rahrs Vej 38, Brabrand, 8220, Denmark.
| | - Anne S Meyer
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Center for Bioprocess Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 229, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark.
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Pierce BC, Wichmann J, Tran TH, Cheetamun R, Bacic A, Meyer AS. Formation of water-soluble soybean polysaccharides from spent flakes by hydrogen peroxide treatment. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 144:504-13. [PMID: 27083842 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.02.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we propose a novel chemical process for the generation of water-soluble polysaccharides from soy spent flake, a by-product of the soy food industry. This process entails treatment of spent flake with hydrogen peroxide at an elevated temperature, resulting in the release of more than 70% of the original insoluble material as high molar mass soluble polysaccharides. A design of experiment was used to quantify the effects of pH, reaction time, and hydrogen peroxide concentration on the reaction yield, average molar mass, and free monosaccharides generated. The resulting product is low in protein, fat, and minerals and contains predominantly water-soluble polysaccharides of high molar mass, including arabinan, type I arabinogalactan, homogalacturonan, xyloglucan, rhamnogalacturonan, and (glucurono)arabinoxylan. This treatment provides a straightforward approach for generation of soluble soy polysaccharides and opens a new range of opportunities for this abundant and underutilized material in future research and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C Pierce
- DuPont™ Nutrition Biosciences ApS, Edwin Rahrs Vej 38, Brabrand 8220, Denmark; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Center for Bioprocess Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 229, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark.
| | - Jesper Wichmann
- DuPont™ Nutrition Biosciences ApS, Edwin Rahrs Vej 38, Brabrand 8220, Denmark.
| | - Tam H Tran
- DuPont™ Protein Solutions, 4300 Duncan Avenue Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Roshan Cheetamun
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - Antony Bacic
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - Anne S Meyer
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Center for Bioprocess Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 229, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark.
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Reddy LV, Kim YM, Yun JS, Ryu HW, Wee YJ. L-Lactic acid production by combined utilization of agricultural bioresources as renewable and economical substrates through batch and repeated-batch fermentation of Enterococcus faecalis RKY1. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 209:187-194. [PMID: 26970921 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.02.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis RKY1 was used to produce l-lactic acid from hydrol, soybean curd residues (SCR), and malt. Hydrol was efficiently metabolized to l-lactic acid with optical purity of >97.5%, though hydrol contained mixed sugars such as glucose, maltose, maltotriose, and maltodextrin. Combined utilization of hydrol, SCR, and malt was enough to sustain lactic acid fermentation by E. faecalis RKY1. In order to reduce the amount of nitrogen sources and product inhibition, cell-recycle repeated-batch fermentation was employed, where a high cell mass (26.3g/L) was obtained. Lactic acid productivity was improved by removal of lactic acid from fermentation broth by membrane filtration and by linearly increased cell density. When the total of 10 repeated-batch fermentations were carried out using 100g/L hydrol, 150g/L SCR hydrolyzate, and 20g/L malt hydrolyzate as the main nutrients, lactic acid productivity was increased significantly from 3.20g/L/h to 6.37g/L/h.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Young-Min Kim
- Brain Korea 21 Center for Green Food & Food Materials, Department of Food Science and Technology, and Bio-energy Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Sun Yun
- Biohelix Co., Naju, Jeonnam 58210, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Won Ryu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jung Wee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea.
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Vong WC, Liu SQ. Biovalorisation of okara (soybean residue) for food and nutrition. Trends Food Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Recovery of Bio-Oil from Industrial Food Waste by Liquefied Dimethyl Ether for Biodiesel Production. ENERGIES 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/en9020106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Yan W, Kun Y, Yang X, Li G, Xianfeng D. Physicochemical properties of soya bean protein gel prepared by microbial transglutaminase in the presence of okara. Int J Food Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wang Yan
- School of Tea and Food Science; Anhui Agricultural University; 130 West Chang Jiang Road Hefeiw 230036 China
| | - Yu Kun
- School of Tea and Food Science; Anhui Agricultural University; 130 West Chang Jiang Road Hefeiw 230036 China
| | - Xu Yang
- School of Tea and Food Science; Anhui Agricultural University; 130 West Chang Jiang Road Hefeiw 230036 China
| | - Guo Li
- School of Tea and Food Science; Anhui Agricultural University; 130 West Chang Jiang Road Hefeiw 230036 China
| | - Du Xianfeng
- School of Tea and Food Science; Anhui Agricultural University; 130 West Chang Jiang Road Hefeiw 230036 China
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Rahman M, Rahman M, Nakagawa T, Abdullah R, Khadijah WW, Akashi R. Effects of wet soya waste supplementation on the intake, growth and reproduction of goats fed Napier grass. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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