1
|
Steele JW, Krishnan V, Finnell RH. Mechanisms of neurodevelopmental toxicity of topiramate. Crit Rev Toxicol 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38995641 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2024.2368552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Prescriptions for antiseizure medications (ASMs) have been rapidly growing over the last several decades due, in part, to an expanding list of clinical indications for which they are now prescribed. This trend has raised concern for potential adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in ASM-exposed pregnancies. Recent large scale population studies have suggested that the use of topiramate (TOPAMAX, Janssen-Cilag), when prescribed for seizure control, migraines, and/or weight management, is associated with an increased risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), intellectual disability, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in exposed offspring. Here, we critically review epidemiologic evidence demonstrating the neurobehavioral teratogenicity of topiramate and speculate on the neuromolecular mechanisms by which prenatal exposure may perturb neurocognitive development. Specifically, we explore the potential role of topiramate's pharmacological interactions with ligand- and voltage-gated ion channels, especially GABAergic signaling, its effects on DNA methylation and histone acetylation, whether topiramate induces oxidative stress, and its association with fetal growth restriction as possible mechanisms contributing to neurodevelopmental toxicity. Resolving this biology will be necessary to reduce the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes caused by topiramate or other ASMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John W Steele
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vaishnav Krishnan
- Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Psychiatry, and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Richard H Finnell
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Attia MA, Soliman N, Eladl MA, Bilasy SE, El-Abaseri TB, Ali HS, Abbas F, Ibrahim D, Osman NMS, Hashish AA, Alshahrani A, Mohamed AS, Zaitone SA. Topiramate affords neuroprotection in diabetic neuropathy model via downregulating spinal GFAP/inflammatory burden and improving neurofilament production. Toxicol Mech Methods 2023; 33:563-577. [PMID: 36978280 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2023.2196687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
The current study aimed to test the neuroprotective action of topiramate in mouse peripheral diabetic neuropathy (DN) and explored some mechanisms underlying this action. Mice were assigned as vehicle group, DN group, DN + topiramate 10-mg/kg and DN + topiramate 30-mg/kg. Mice were tested for allodynia and hyperalgesia and then spinal cord and sciatic nerves specimens were examined microscopically and neurofilament heavy chain (NEFH) immunostaining was performed. Results indicated that DN mice had lower the hotplate latency time (0.46-fold of latency to licking) and lower von-Frey test pain threshold (0.6-fold of filament size) while treatment with topiramate increased these values significantly. Sciatic nerves from DN control mice showed axonal degeneration while spinal cords showed elevated GFAP (5.6-fold) and inflammatory cytokines (∼3- to 4-fold) but lower plasticity as indicated by GAP-43 (0.25-fold). Topiramate produced neuroprotection and suppressed spinal cord GFAP/inflammation but enhanced GAP-43. This study reinforces topiramate as neuroprotection and explained some mechanisms included in alleviating neuropathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Attia
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Nema Soliman
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
- Center of Excellence of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ahmed Eladl
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shymaa E Bilasy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
- College of Dental Medicine, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA, USA
| | - Taghrid B El-Abaseri
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Howaida S Ali
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faten Abbas
- Physiology department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Dalia Ibrahim
- Physiology department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Noura M S Osman
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
| | - Abdullah A Hashish
- Basic Medical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Asma Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, KSA
| | - Abir S Mohamed
- Faculty of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sawsan A Zaitone
- Deparment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Javaid S, Alqahtani F, Ashraf W, Anjum SMM, Rasool MF, Ahmad T, Alasmari F, Alasmari AF, Alqarni SA, Imran I. Tiagabine suppresses pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in mice and improves behavioral and cognitive parameters by modulating BDNF/TrkB expression and neuroinflammatory markers. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 160:114406. [PMID: 36791567 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Tiagabine (Tia), a new-generation antiseizure drug that mimics the GABAergic signaling by inhibiting GABA transporter type-1, is the least studied molecule in chronic epilepsy models with comorbid neurobehavioral and neuroinflammatory parameters. Therefore, the current study investigated the effects of Tia in a real-time manner on electroencephalographic (EEG) activity, behavioral manifestations and mRNA expression in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-kindled mice. Male BALB/c mice were treated with tiagabine (0.5, 1 and 2 mg/kg) for 21 days with simultaneous PTZ (40 mg/kg) injection every other day for a total of 11 injections and monitored for seizure progression with synchronized validation through EEG recordings from cortical electrodes. The post-kindling protection from anxiety and memory deficit was verified by a battery of behavioral experiments. Isolated brains were evaluated for oxidative alterations and real-time changes in mRNA expression for BDNF/TrkB, GAT-1 and GAT-3 as well as neuroinflammatory markers. Experimental results revealed that Tia at the dose of 2 mg/kg maximally inhibited the development of full bloom seizure and reduced epileptic spike discharges from the cortex. Furthermore, Tia dose-dependently exerted the anxiolytic effects and protected from PTZ-evoked cognitive impairment. Tia reduced lipid peroxidation and increased superoxide dismutase and glutathione levels in the brain via augmentation of GABAergic modulation. PTZ-induced upregulated BDNF/TrkB signaling and pro-inflammatory cytokines were mitigated by Tia with upregulation of GAT-1 and GAT-3 transporters in whole brains. In conclusion, the observed effects of Tia might have resulted from reduced oxidative stress, BDNF/TrkB modulation and mitigated neuroinflammatory markers expression leading to reduced epileptogenesis and improved epilepsy-related neuropsychiatric effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sana Javaid
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; Department of Pharmacy, The Women University, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Faleh Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Waseem Ashraf
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Syed Muhammad Muneeb Anjum
- The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore 75270, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Fawad Rasool
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Tanveer Ahmad
- Institut pour l'Avancée des Biosciences, Centre de Recherche UGA / INSERM U1209 / CNRS 5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, France
| | - Fawaz Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah F Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Abdullah Alqarni
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Imran
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wan X, Liu L, Wang W, Tan Q, Su X, Zhang S, Yang X, Yue Q, Gong Q. 1H-MRS reveals metabolic alterations in generalized tonic-clonic seizures before and after treatment. Acta Neurol Scand 2022; 145:200-207. [PMID: 34595746 DOI: 10.1111/ane.13534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To explore the possible metabolic alterations of bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortices (DLPFC) of generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS) patients before and after antiepileptic drugs treatment as compared with healthy controls (HCs) using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). METHODS We included 23 newly diagnosed and unmedicated GTCS patients and 23 sex- and age-matched HCs. Metabolites including N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), myo-inositol (Ins), choline (Cho), creatine (Cr), and glutamate + glutamine (Glu + Gln, Glx) concentrations were quantified by using LCModel software and then corrected for the partial volume effect of cerebrospinal fluid. RESULTS The results demonstrated that metabolite concentrations were not equal between the left and the right DLPFC. Compared with HC, NAA of the left DLPFC and Cr of the right DLPFC were significantly lower in pre-treatment patients. Self-controlled study revealed that the patients' NAA of the left DLPFC increased while their Cr of the right DLPFC decreased after treatment. Correlation analysis showed a negative correlation between the duration of medication and the pre- and post-treatment difference of Cr. CONCLUSION These findings may shed a light on the metabolic mechanism of GTCS and the neurobiochemical mechanisms of AEDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Wan
- Department of Radiology Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC) West China Hospital of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Neurology West China Hospital of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Weina Wang
- Department of Radiology College of Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Qiaoyue Tan
- Department of Radiology Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC) West China Hospital of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Xiaorui Su
- Department of Radiology Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC) West China Hospital of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Simin Zhang
- Department of Radiology Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC) West China Hospital of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Xibiao Yang
- Department of Radiology West China Hospital of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Qiang Yue
- Department of Radiology West China Hospital of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Department of Radiology Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC) West China Hospital of Sichuan University Chengdu China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Chengdu China
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Petrillo S, Pietrafusa N, Trivisano M, Calabrese C, Saura F, Gallo MG, Bertini ES, Vigevano F, Specchio N, Piemonte F. Imbalance of Systemic Redox Biomarkers in Children with Epilepsy: Role of Ferroptosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081267. [PMID: 34439515 PMCID: PMC8389337 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess if ferroptosis, a new type of programmed cell death accompanied by iron accumulation, lipid peroxidation, and glutathione depletion, occurs in children with epilepsy, and in order to identify a panel of biomarkers useful for patient stratification and innovative-targeted therapies, we measured ferroptosis biomarkers in blood from 83 unrelated children with a clinical diagnosis of epilepsy and 44 age-matched controls. We found a marked dysregulation of three ferroptosis key markers: a consistent increase of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), the main by-product of lipid peroxidation, a significant decrease of glutathione (GSH) levels, and a partial inactivation of the enzyme glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), the mediator of lipid peroxides detoxification. Furthermore, we found a significant increase of NAPDH oxidase 2 (NOX2) in the blood of children, supporting this enzyme as a primary source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in epilepsy. Additionally, since the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) induction protects the brain from epileptic seizure damage, we also evaluated the NRF2 expression in the blood of children. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory transcription factor was activated in patients, although not enough to re-establish a correct redox homeostasis for counteracting ferroptosis. Ferroptosis-mediated oxidative damage has been proposed as an emergent mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of epilepsy. Overall, our study confirms a crucial role for ferroptosis in epilepsy, leading to the identification of a panel of biomarkers useful to find new therapeutic targets. Developing innovative drugs, which act by inhibiting the ferroptosis signaling axis, may represent a promising strategy for new anti-seizure medications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Petrillo
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Viale San Paolo 15, 00146 Rome, Italy; (S.P.); (M.G.G.); (E.S.B.)
| | - Nicola Pietrafusa
- Rare and Complex Epilepsy Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Full Member of European Reference Network EpiCARE, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy; (N.P.); (M.T.); (C.C.)
| | - Marina Trivisano
- Rare and Complex Epilepsy Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Full Member of European Reference Network EpiCARE, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy; (N.P.); (M.T.); (C.C.)
| | - Costanza Calabrese
- Rare and Complex Epilepsy Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Full Member of European Reference Network EpiCARE, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy; (N.P.); (M.T.); (C.C.)
| | - Francesca Saura
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital Bambino Gesù, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Maria Giovanna Gallo
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Viale San Paolo 15, 00146 Rome, Italy; (S.P.); (M.G.G.); (E.S.B.)
| | - Enrico Silvio Bertini
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Viale San Paolo 15, 00146 Rome, Italy; (S.P.); (M.G.G.); (E.S.B.)
| | - Federico Vigevano
- Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesu Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Full Member of European Reference Network on Rare and Complex Epilepsies EpiCARE, Piazza S. Onforio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy; (F.V.); (N.S.)
| | - Nicola Specchio
- Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesu Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Full Member of European Reference Network on Rare and Complex Epilepsies EpiCARE, Piazza S. Onforio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy; (F.V.); (N.S.)
| | - Fiorella Piemonte
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Viale San Paolo 15, 00146 Rome, Italy; (S.P.); (M.G.G.); (E.S.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-6859-2102
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Turkyilmaz IB, Altas N, Arisan I, Yanardag R. Effect of vitamin B 6 on brain damage in valproic acid induced toxicity. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22855. [PMID: 34309959 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Valproic acid (VPA) is an efficient antiepileptic drug widely used for the treatment of epilepsy and other seizures in both children and adults. It is also reported to have side and toxic effects on many organs and tissues. Vitamin B6 (Vit B6 ) is a well-described water-soluble vitamin, which has an antioxidant effect. In this study, we aimed to investigate the protective effect of Vit B6 on VPA-induced brain injury. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups. Group I, control animals; Group II, Vit B6 (50 mg/kg/day) given rats; Group III, VPA (500 mg/kg/day) given rats; Group IV, VPA and Vit B6 given rats at same dose and time. VPA and Vit B6 were administered intraperitoneally and orally, respectively, for 7 days. At the end of the experiments, the rats were sacrificed and brain tissues were taken. Protein carbonyl and sialic acid levels, xanthine oxidase, adenosine deaminase, acetylcholine esterase, lactate dehydrogenase, myeloperoxidase activities, total oxidant status, and reactive oxygen species levels were found to be increased, while glutathione and total antioxidant capacity levels, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-transferase, paraoxonase, and glutathione reductase activities were found to be decreased in the VPA group. Administration of Vit B6 reversed these defects in the VPA group. These findings indicate that Vit B6 has a protective effect on VPA-induced brain damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ismet Burcu Turkyilmaz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nilay Altas
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Inci Arisan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Refiye Yanardag
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bittencourt TL, da Silva Prata RB, de Andrade Silva BJ, de Mattos Barbosa MG, Dalcolmo MP, Pinheiro RO. Autophagy as a Target for Drug Development Of Skin Infection Caused by Mycobacteria. Front Immunol 2021; 12:674241. [PMID: 34113346 PMCID: PMC8185338 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.674241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic mycobacteria species may subvert the innate immune mechanisms and can modulate the activation of cells that cause disease in the skin. Cutaneous mycobacterial infection may present different clinical presentations and it is associated with stigma, deformity, and disability. The understanding of the immunopathogenic mechanisms related to mycobacterial infection in human skin is of pivotal importance to identify targets for new therapeutic strategies. The occurrence of reactional episodes and relapse in leprosy patients, the emergence of resistant mycobacteria strains, and the absence of effective drugs to treat mycobacterial cutaneous infection increased the interest in the development of therapies based on repurposed drugs against mycobacteria. The mechanism of action of many of these therapies evaluated is linked to the activation of autophagy. Autophagy is an evolutionary conserved lysosomal degradation pathway that has been associated with the control of the mycobacterial bacillary load. Here, we review the role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of cutaneous mycobacterial infection and discuss the perspectives of autophagy as a target for drug development and repurposing against cutaneous mycobacterial infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Margareth Pretti Dalcolmo
- Helio Fraga Reference Center, Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Roberta Olmo Pinheiro
- Leprosy Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bonnet U, Wiemann M. Topiramate Decelerates Bicarbonate-Driven Acid-Elimination of Human Neocortical Neurons: Strategic Significance for its Antiepileptic, Antimigraine and Neuroprotective Properties. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2020; 19:264-275. [PMID: 32496992 DOI: 10.2174/1871527319666200604173208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mammalian central neurons regulate their intracellular pH (pHi) strongly and even slight pHi-fluctuations can influence inter-/intracellular signaling, synaptic plasticity and excitability. OBJECTIVE For the first time, we investigated topiramate´s (TPM) influence on pHi-behavior of human central neurons representing a promising target for anticonvulsants and antimigraine drugs. METHODS In slice-preparations of tissue resected from the middle temporal gyrus of five adults with intractable temporal lobe epilepsy, BCECF-AM-loaded neocortical pyramidal-cells were investigated by fluorometry. The pHi-regulation was estimated by using the recovery-slope from intracellular acidification after an Ammonium-Prepulse (APP). RESULTS Among 17 pyramidal neurons exposed to 50 μM TPM, seven (41.24%) responded with an altered resting-pHi (7.02±0.12), i.e., acidification of 0.01-0.03 pH-units. The more alkaline the neurons, the greater the TPM-related acidifications (r=0.7, p=0.001, n=17). The recovery from APPacidification was significantly slowed under TPM (p<0.001, n=5). Further experiments using nominal bicarbonate-free (n=2) and chloride-free (n=2) conditions pointed to a modulation of the HCO3 -- driven pHi-regulation by TPM, favoring a stimulation of the passive Cl-/HCO3 --antiporter (CBT) - an acid-loader predominantly in more alkaline neurons. CONCLUSION TPM modulated the bicarbonate-driven pHi-regulation, just as previously described in adult guinea-pig hippocampal neurons. We discussed the significance of the resulting subtle acidifications for beneficial antiepileptic, antimigraine and neuroprotective effects as well as for unwanted cognitive deficits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Udo Bonnet
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatic Medicine, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Castrop-Rauxel, Academic Teaching Hospital of the University Duisburg-Essen, Castrop-Rauxel, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, LVR-Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Wiemann
- Institute of Physiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,IBE R&D gGmbH, Institute for Lung Health, D-48149 Munster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Beltrán-Sarmiento E, Arregoitia-Sarabia CK, Floriano-Sánchez E, Sandoval-Pacheco R, Galván-Hernández DE, Coballase-Urrutia E, Carmona-Aparicio L, Ramos-Reyna E, Rodríguez-Silverio J, Cárdenas-Rodríguez N. Effects of Valproate Monotherapy on the Oxidant-Antioxidant Status in Mexican Epileptic Children: A Longitudinal Study. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:7954371. [PMID: 30622673 PMCID: PMC6304806 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7954371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder that can produce brain injury and neuronal death. Several factors such as oxidative stress have been implicated in epileptogenesis. Valproic acid (VPA) is a widely used drug for the treatment of epilepsy, but the mechanisms underlying these benefits are complex and still not fully understood. The objective of this study was to evaluate, for the first time, the effects of VPA on the oxidant-antioxidant status in Mexican epileptic children before and after 6 or 12 months of treatment with VPA by determining the activities of several plasmatic antioxidant enzymes (glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT)) and oxidant marker (malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) levels) profiles. The possible relationships between these markers and some clinicopathological factors were also evaluated. Plasma samples were obtained from the peripheral blood of 16 healthy children and 32 patients diagnosed with epilepsy, and antioxidant/oxidant markers were measured spectrometrically. Significant decreases in all antioxidant enzyme activities, with the exception of GPx, and increases in all oxidant markers in epileptic subjects versus healthy children were observed. Interestingly, all these effects reverted after VPA monotherapy, although the results were different depending on the treatment period (6 or 12 months). These changes were contingent upon brain imaging findings, type of epilepsy, etiology of epilepsy, and the efficacy of 6 months of VPA monotherapy. Significant and positive correlations of GPx and SOD activities and H2O2 and 8-OHdG levels with the age of children at the beginning of treatment were observed. H2O2 levels were also positively correlated with number of seizures before VPA monotherapy. VPA showed significant antioxidant effects decreasing seizure activity, possibly depending on the presence of cerebral structural alterations, treatment time, and age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Beltrán-Sarmiento
- National Institute of Pediatrics, Laboratory of Neurosciences, 04530, Mexico
- National Polytechnic Institute, Section of Research and Graduate Studies, Mexico 11340, Mexico
| | - Cindy K. Arregoitia-Sarabia
- National Institute of Pediatrics, Laboratory of Neurosciences, 04530, Mexico
- National Polytechnic Institute, Section of Research and Graduate Studies, Mexico 11340, Mexico
| | - Esaú Floriano-Sánchez
- University of the Army and Air Force, Secretary of National Defense, Military Graduate School of Health, 11200, Mexico
| | - Roberto Sandoval-Pacheco
- University of the Army and Air Force, Secretary of National Defense, Military Graduate School of Health, 11200, Mexico
| | - Diana E. Galván-Hernández
- University of the Army and Air Force, Secretary of National Defense, Military Graduate School of Health, 11200, Mexico
| | | | | | - Eduardo Ramos-Reyna
- University of the Army and Air Force, Secretary of National Defense, Military Graduate School of Health, 11200, Mexico
| | - Juan Rodríguez-Silverio
- National Polytechnic Institute, Section of Research and Graduate Studies, Mexico 11340, Mexico
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Xu G, Fang Z, Clark LH, Sun W, Yin Y, Zhang R, Sullivan SA, Tran AQ, Kong W, Wang J, Zhou C, Bae-Jump VL. Topiramate exhibits anti-tumorigenic and metastatic effects in ovarian cancer cells. Am J Transl Res 2018; 10:1663-1676. [PMID: 30018708 PMCID: PMC6038080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer related deaths among women worldwide, with an overall 5-year survival of only 30-40%. Carbonic anhydrases are up-regulated in many types of cancer and play an important role in tumor progression and metastasis. Carbonic anhydrase 9 has been implicated as a potential anti-tumorigenic target. Topiramate (TPM) is a potent inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase isozymes, including carbonic anhydrase 9, and has been shown to have anti-tumorigenic activity in several cancer types. Our goal was to evaluate the effect of TPM on cell proliferation and to identify possible mechanisms by which TPM inhibits cell growth in ovarian cancer. TPM significantly inhibited ovarian cancer cell proliferation and induced cell cycle G1 arrest, cellular stress and apoptosis through the AKT/mTOR and MAPK pathways. TPM also exerted anti-metastatic effects by decreasing the adhesion and invasion of ovarian cancer cells and affecting the expression of critical regulators of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Our findings demonstrate that TPM has anti-tumorigenic effects in ovarian cancer and is worthy of further exploration in clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangxu Xu
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People Hospital South CampusShanghai, P. R. China
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ziwei Fang
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, P. R. China
| | - Leslie H Clark
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Wenchuan Sun
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yajie Yin
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People Hospital South CampusShanghai, P. R. China
| | - Stephanie A Sullivan
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Arthur-Quan Tran
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Weimin Kong
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, P. R. China
| | - Jiandong Wang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, P. R. China
| | - Chunxiao Zhou
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Victoria L Bae-Jump
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel Hill, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ferroni P, Barbanti P, Della-Morte D, Palmirotta R, Jirillo E, Guadagni F. Redox Mechanisms in Migraine: Novel Therapeutics and Dietary Interventions. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:1144-1183. [PMID: 28990418 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Migraine represents the third most prevalent and the seventh most disabling human disorder. Approximately 30% of migraine patients experience transient, fully reversible, focal neurological symptoms (aura) preceding the attack. Recent Advances: Awareness of the hypothesis that migraine actually embodies a spectrum of illnesses-ranging from episodic to chronic forms-is progressively increasing and poses novel challenges for clarifying the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of migraine as well as for the development of novel therapeutic interventions. Several theories have evolved to the current concept that a combination of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors may play a role in migraine pathogenesis, although their relative importance is still being debated. CRITICAL ISSUES One critical issue that deserves a particular attention is the role of oxidative stress in migraine. Indeed, potentially harmful oxidative events occur during the migraine attack and long-lasting or frequent migraine episodes may increase brain exposure to oxidative events that can lead to chronic transformation. Moreover, a wide variety of dietary, environmental, physiological, behavioral, and pharmacological migraine triggers may act through oxidative stress, with clear implications for migraine treatment and prophylaxis. Interestingly, almost all current prophylactic migraine agents exert antioxidant effects. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Increasing awareness of the role of oxidative stress and/or decreased antioxidant defenses in migraine pathogenesis and progression to a chronic condition lays the foundations for the design of novel prophylactic approaches, which, by reducing brain oxidative phenomena, could favorably modify the clinical course of migraine. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 1144-1183.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Ferroni
- 1 Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele Roma Open University , Rome, Italy .,2 IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana , Rome, Italy
| | - Piero Barbanti
- 3 Headache and Pain Unit, Department of Neurological, Motor and Sensorial Sciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana , Rome, Italy
| | - David Della-Morte
- 1 Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele Roma Open University , Rome, Italy .,2 IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana , Rome, Italy .,4 Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata ," Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele Palmirotta
- 5 Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, "A. Moro" University , Bari, Italy
| | - Emilio Jirillo
- 6 Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, "A. Moro" University , Bari, Italy
| | - Fiorella Guadagni
- 1 Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele Roma Open University , Rome, Italy .,2 IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana , Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
A mechanistic approach to explore the neuroprotective potential of zonisamide in seizures. Inflammopharmacology 2018; 26:1125-1131. [PMID: 29644555 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-018-0478-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epilepsy, a disease of the brain, is one of the most common serious neurological conditions. It is associated with a group of processes which alter energy metabolism, interrupt cellular ionic homeostasis, cause receptor dysfunction, activate inflammatory cascade, alter neurotransmitter uptake and result in neuronal damage. The increasing knowledge and understanding about the basis of neuronal changes in epilepsy lead to investigate the mechanistic pathway of neuroprotective agents in epilepsy. With this background, the present study is designed to reveal the molecular and biochemical mechanisms involved in the neuroprotective potential of zonisamide in epilepsy. METHODS Seizure-induced neuronal damage was produced by maximal electroshock seizures in animals. The oxidative stress and neuroinflammatory and apoptotic markers were assessed in the brain tissue of animals. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The present findings revealed that zonisamide treatment prevented the development of seizures in animals. Seizures-induced free radicals production and neuroinflammation were markedly ameliorated by zonisamide administration. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated the mechanisms behind the strong neuroprotective potential of zonisamide against seizures by attenuating the oxidative stress, inflammatory cascade and neuronal death associated with progression of seizures. It can be further developed as a neuroprotective agent for epilepsy and other neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
|
13
|
Kurt A, Kalkan Y, Turut H, Cure MC, Tumkaya L, Cure E. Topiramate Reduces Aortic Cross-Clamping-Induced Lung Injury in Male Rats. ACTA MEDICA (HRADEC KRALOVE) 2018; 61:144-149. [PMID: 30664447 DOI: 10.14712/18059694.2018.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Topiramate (TPM) decreases cytokine release and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Cytokine and endothelin-1 (ET-1) secretion and ROS formation play an important role in ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. We aimed to evaluate whether TPM prevents damage occurring in lung tissue during I/R. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 27 Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups of nine. To the I/R group, two hours of ischemia via infrarenal abdominal aorta cross-ligation and then two hours of reperfusion process were applied. TPM (100 mg/kg/day) orally for seven days was administered in the TPM treatment group. After the last dose of TPM treatment, respectively, two hours of ischemia and two hours of reperfusion were applied in this group. RESULTS Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (p < 0.05), malondialdehyde (MDA) (p < 0.05), myeloperoxidase (MPO) (p < 0.05) and ET-1 (p < 0.05) levels of TPM treatment group's lung tissue were significantly lower than for the I/R group. Caspase-3 and histopathological damage were rather lower than that of the I/R group. CONCLUSIONS During I/R, lung damage occurs due to excessive TNF-α and ET-1 release and ROS generation. TPM could well reduce development of lung damage by decreasing cytokine and ET-1 release and levels of ROS produced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aysel Kurt
- Private Practice, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Rize, Turkey
| | - Yildiray Kalkan
- Private Practice, Department of Histology and Embryology, Rize, Turkey
| | - Hasan Turut
- Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, School of Medicine, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Rize, Turkey
| | | | - Levent Tumkaya
- Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, School of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Rize, Turkey
| | - Erkan Cure
- Camlica Erdem Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kumar B, Modi M, Saikia B, Medhi B. Evaluation of Brain Pharmacokinetic and Neuropharmacodynamic Attributes of an Antiepileptic Drug, Lacosamide, in Hepatic and Renal Impairment: Preclinical Evidence. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:1589-1597. [PMID: 28324653 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The knowledge of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of antiepileptic drugs is helpful in optimizing drug therapy for epilepsy. This study was designed to evaluate the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of lacosamide in experimentally induced hepatic and renal impairment in seizure animals. Hepatic or renal impairment was induced by injection of carbon tetrachloride or diclofenac sodium, respectively. After induction, the animals were administered a single dose of lacosamide. At different time points, maximal electroshock (MES) seizure recordings were made followed by isolation of plasma and brain samples for drug quantification and pharmacodynamic measurements. Our results showed a significant increase in the area under the curve of lacosamide in hepatic and renal impairment groups. Reduced clearance of lacosamide was observed in animals with renal impairment. Along with pharmacokinetic alterations, the changes in pharmacodynamic effects of lacosamide were also observed in all the groups. Lacosamide showed a significant protection against MES-induced seizures, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammatory cytokines. These findings revealed that experimentally induced hepatic or renal impairment could alter the pharmacokinetic as well as pharmacodynamic properties of lacosamide. Hence, these conditions may affect the safety and efficacy of lacosamide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baldeep Kumar
- Department
of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Manish Modi
- Department
of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Biman Saikia
- Department
of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Bikash Medhi
- Department
of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Moavero R, Santarone ME, Galasso C, Curatolo P. Cognitive and behavioral effects of new antiepileptic drugs in pediatric epilepsy. Brain Dev 2017; 39:464-469. [PMID: 28202262 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In pediatric epilepsy, neurodevelopmental comorbidities could be sometimes even more disabling than seizures themselves, therefore it is crucial for the clinicians to understand how to benefit these children, and to choose the proper antiepileptic drug for the treatment of epilepsy associated to a specific neurodevelopmental disorder. Aim of this paper is to discuss the potential impact on cognition and behavior of new and newest AEDs and to guide the choice of the clinicians for a targeted use in epilepsy associated with specific neurodevelopmental disorders. METHODS Information in this review is mainly based on peer-reviewed medical publications from 2002 until October 2016 (PubMed). We choose to include in our review only the AEDs of second and third generation approved for pediatric population. RESULTS Vigabatrin, lamotrigine, topiramate, levetiracetam, oxcarbazepine, zonisamide, rufinamide, lacosamide, eslicarbazepine, and perampanel have been included in this review. The most tolerated AEDs from a cognitive and behavioral point of view are lamotrigine and rufinamide, thus representing optimal drugs for children with cognitive and/or attention problems. DISCUSSION Most of the new AEDs are initially licensed for adult patients. Data on children are usually very limited, both in terms of efficacy and safety, and the use standardized cognitive and behavioral outcome measures are very limited in pediatric clinical trials. CONCLUSION Several factors including polytherapy, administration of AEDs with the same mechanism of action and the dose and titration of the drug, should be considered as important in the development of cognitive and behavioral side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romina Moavero
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy; Child Neurology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Cinzia Galasso
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Curatolo
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Topiramate Improves Neuroblast Differentiation of Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus in the D-Galactose-Induced Aging Mice via Its Antioxidant Effects. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2016; 37:869-877. [PMID: 27734244 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-016-0424-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Some anticonvulsant drugs are associated with cognitive ability in patients; Topiramate (TPM) is well known as an effective anticonvulsant agent applied in clinical settings. However, the effect of TPM on the cognitive function is rarely studied. In this study, we aimed to observe the effects of TPM on cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the D-galactose-induced aging mice by Ki-67 and doublecortin (DCX) immunohistochemistry. The study is divided into four groups including control, D-galactose-treated group, 25 and 50 mg/kg TPM-treated plus D-galactose-treated groups. We found, 50 mg/kg (not 25 mg/kg) TPM treatment significantly increased the numbers of Ki-67+ cells and DCX immunoreactivity, and improved neuroblast injury induced by D-galactose treatment. In addition, we also found that decreased immunoreactivities and protein levels of antioxidants including superoxide dismutase and catalase induced by D-galactose treatment were significantly recovered by 50 mg/kg TPM treatment in the mice hippocampal DG (P < 0.05). In conclusion, our present results indicate that TPM can ameliorate neuroblast damage and promote cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the hippocampal DG via increasing SODs and catalase levels in the D-galactose mice.
Collapse
|
17
|
Carmona-Aparicio L, Zavala-Tecuapetla C, González-Trujano ME, Sampieri AI, Montesinos-Correa H, Granados-Rojas L, Floriano-Sánchez E, Coballase-Urrutía E, Cárdenas-Rodríguez N. Status epilepticus: Using antioxidant agents as alternative therapies. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:1957-1962. [PMID: 27698680 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The epileptic state, or status epilepticus (SE), is the most serious situation manifested by individuals with epilepsy, and SE events can lead to neuronal damage. An understanding of the molecular, biochemical and physiopathological mechanisms involved in this type of neurological disease will enable the identification of specific central targets, through which novel agents may act and be useful as SE therapies. Currently, studies have focused on the association between oxidative stress and SE, the most severe epileptic condition. A number of these studies have suggested the use of antioxidant compounds as alternative therapies or adjuvant treatments for the epileptic state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cecilia Zavala-Tecuapetla
- Laboratory of Physiology of The Reticular Formation Reticular, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
| | - María Eva González-Trujano
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology of Natural Products, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico
| | - Aristides Iii Sampieri
- Department of Comparative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04150, Mexico
| | | | - Leticia Granados-Rojas
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico City 04530, Mexico
| | - Esaú Floriano-Sánchez
- Military School of Graduate of Health, Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, Secretariat of National Defense, Mexico City 11270, Mexico
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chait Mermelstein A, Mermelstein J, Adam T, Brody BD, Dubin MJ. Oxcarbazepine-induced liver injury after sensitization by valproic acid: a case report. Bipolar Disord 2016; 18:307-309. [PMID: 27041538 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present case report is to describe a potential interaction between valproic acid and oxcarbazepine that resulted in hepatic injury. METHODS We report the case of a 46-year-old man with schizoaffective disorder who was cross-titrated from valproic acid to oxcarbazepine because of liver injury. RESULTS Initiation of oxcarbazepine four days after stopping valproic acid produced a significant elevation in liver enzymes that normalized with oxcarbazepine discontinuation and did not reappear with its reintroduction five days later. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that a longer washout period or another agent should be considered when transitioning from valproic acid to oxcarbazepine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alanna Chait Mermelstein
- Department of Psychiatry, New York Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph Mermelstein
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Beth Israel/Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tarek Adam
- Department of Psychiatry, New York Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin D Brody
- Department of Psychiatry, New York Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marc J Dubin
- Department of Psychiatry, New York Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Azumagawa K, Mino M, Ishida N, Shichiri M, Shigeri Y, Yoshida Y, Tamai H. Dynamics of hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid in epilepsy patients treated with valproic acid. Pediatr Int 2016; 58:45-8. [PMID: 26190297 DOI: 10.1111/ped.12756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of valproic acid (VPA) on oxidative stress are controversial due to differences in experimental conditions. Recently, total hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (tHODE), derived from linoleic acid, was proposed as a potent biomarker to evaluate oxidative stress. METHODS The subjects consisted of 10 new-onset epilepsy patients treated with VPA. We measured plasma tHODE consecutively for 1 year to evaluate the degree of oxidative stress and then compared plasma tHODE at the beginning and the end of experiments with the peak level. Ten age-matched healthy subjects were recruited as a control group and their plasma tHODE was compared to the initial plasma tHODE of the epilepsy group. Measurements were done using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS Mean initial plasma tHODE in the epilepsy group was 165.2 ± 76.8 nmol/L, which was not significantly different from that of the control group (199.3 ± 62.5 nmol/L). In five epilepsy patients, plasma tHODE increased above the pathological level in 6 months, but returned to normal within 1 year. In the whole group, the difference plasma tHODE between peak, at the beginning and 1 year later, was significant. CONCLUSION Oxidative stress generated by VPA increased temporarily, but decreased to normal after 1 year. it is reasonable to be concerned about the effects of oxidative stress, especially at the start of VPA treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kohji Azumagawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Seikeikai Hospital, Osaka, Japan.,Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Osaka, Japan
| | - Makoto Mino
- Department of Pediatrics, Seikeikai Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Noriko Ishida
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Osaka, Japan
| | - Mototada Shichiri
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasushi Shigeri
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasukazu Yoshida
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tamai
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Borkum JM. Migraine Triggers and Oxidative Stress: A Narrative Review and Synthesis. Headache 2015; 56:12-35. [PMID: 26639834 DOI: 10.1111/head.12725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blau theorized that migraine triggers are exposures that in higher amounts would damage the brain. The recent discovery that the TRPA1 ion channel transduces oxidative stress and triggers neurogenic inflammation suggests that oxidative stress may be the common denominator underlying migraine triggers. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review is to present and discuss the available literature on the capacity of common migraine triggers to generate oxidative stress in the brain. METHODS A Medline search was conducted crossing the terms "oxidative stress" and "brain" with "alcohol," "dehydration," "water deprivation," "monosodium glutamate," "aspartame," "tyramine," "phenylethylamine," "dietary nitrates," "nitrosamines," "noise," "weather," "air pollutants," "hypoglycemia," "hypoxia," "infection," "estrogen," "circadian," "sleep deprivation," "information processing," "psychosocial stress," or "nitroglycerin and tolerance." "Flavonoids" was crossed with "prooxidant." The reference lists of the resulting articles were examined for further relevant studies. The focus was on empirical studies, in vitro and of animals, of individual triggers, indicating whether and/or by what mechanism they can generate oxidative stress. RESULTS In all cases except pericranial pain, common migraine triggers are capable of generating oxidative stress. Depending on the trigger, mechanisms include a high rate of energy production by the mitochondria, toxicity or altered membrane properties of the mitochondria, calcium overload and excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation and activation of microglia, and activation of neuronal nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase. For some triggers, oxidants also arise as a byproduct of monoamine oxidase or cytochrome P450 processing, or from uncoupling of nitric oxide synthase. CONCLUSIONS Oxidative stress is a plausible unifying principle behind the types of migraine triggers encountered in clinical practice. The possible implications for prevention and for understanding the nature of the migraine attack are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Borkum
- Department of Psychology, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA.,Health Psych Maine, Waterville, ME, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Carmona-Aparicio L, Pérez-Cruz C, Zavala-Tecuapetla C, Granados-Rojas L, Rivera-Espinosa L, Montesinos-Correa H, Hernández-Damián J, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Sampieri AIII, Coballase-Urrutia E, Cárdenas-Rodríguez N. Overview of Nrf2 as Therapeutic Target in Epilepsy. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:18348-67. [PMID: 26262608 PMCID: PMC4581249 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160818348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a biochemical state of imbalance in the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and antioxidant defenses. It is involved in the physiopathology of degenerative and chronic neuronal disorders, such as epilepsy. Experimental evidence in humans and animals support the involvement of oxidative stress before and after seizures. In the past few years, research has increasingly focused on the molecular pathways of this process, such as that involving transcription factor nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which plays a central role in the regulation of antioxidant response elements (ARE) and modulates cellular redox status. The aim of this review is to present experimental evidence on the role of Nrf2 in this neurological disorder and to further determine the therapeutic impact of Nrf2 in epilepsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Carmona-Aparicio
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry (Neurosciences), National Institute of Pediatrics, D.F. 04530, Mexico; E-Mail:
| | - Claudia Pérez-Cruz
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration, Cinvestav, D.F. 07360, Mexico; E-Mail:
| | - Cecilia Zavala-Tecuapetla
- Laboratory of Physiology of the Reticular Formation, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery-MVS, D.F. 14269, Mexico; E-Mail:
| | - Leticia Granados-Rojas
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry (Neurosciences), National Institute of Pediatrics, D.F. 04530, Mexico; E-Mail:
| | | | | | - Jacqueline Hernández-Damián
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, D.F. 04150, Mexico; E-Mails: (J.H.-D.); (J.P.-C.)
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, D.F. 04150, Mexico; E-Mails: (J.H.-D.); (J.P.-C.)
| | - Aristides III Sampieri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, D.F. 04150, Mexico; E-Mails: (J.H.-D.); (J.P.-C.)
| | - Elvia Coballase-Urrutia
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry (Neurosciences), National Institute of Pediatrics, D.F. 04530, Mexico; E-Mail:
| | - Noemí Cárdenas-Rodríguez
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry (Neurosciences), National Institute of Pediatrics, D.F. 04530, Mexico; E-Mail:
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chitty KM, Lagopoulos J, Hickie IB, Hermens DF. Investigating the role of glutathione in mismatch negativity: An insight into NMDA receptor disturbances in bipolar disorder. Clin Neurophysiol 2015; 126:1178-1184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2014.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
23
|
Eldin EEMN, Elshebiny HAF, Mostafa Mohamed T, Abdel-Aziz MAA, El-Readi MZ. The role of antiepileptic drugs in free radicals generation and antioxidant levels in epileptic patients. Int J Neurosci 2015; 126:105-15. [DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2014.994207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
24
|
Puttachary S, Sharma S, Stark S, Thippeswamy T. Seizure-induced oxidative stress in temporal lobe epilepsy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:745613. [PMID: 25650148 PMCID: PMC4306378 DOI: 10.1155/2015/745613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
An insult to the brain (such as the first seizure) causes excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation, and production of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS). ROS and RNS produced during status epilepticus (SE) overwhelm the mitochondrial natural antioxidant defense mechanism. This leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and damage to the mitochondrial DNA. This in turn affects synthesis of various enzyme complexes that are involved in electron transport chain. Resultant effects that occur during epileptogenesis include lipid peroxidation, reactive gliosis, hippocampal neurodegeneration, reorganization of neural networks, and hypersynchronicity. These factors predispose the brain to spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS), which ultimately establish into temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). This review discusses some of these issues. Though antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are beneficial to control/suppress seizures, their long term usage has been shown to increase ROS/RNS in animal models and human patients. In established TLE, ROS/RNS are shown to be harmful as they can increase the susceptibility to SRS. Further, in this paper, we review briefly the data from animal models and human TLE patients on the adverse effects of antiepileptic medications and the plausible ameliorating effects of antioxidants as an adjunct therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sreekanth Puttachary
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-1250, USA
| | - Shaunik Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-1250, USA
| | - Sara Stark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-1250, USA
| | - Thimmasettappa Thippeswamy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-1250, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Chusri S, Singthong P, Kaewmanee T. Antioxidant, anticancer, and cytotoxic effects of Thai traditional herbal preparations consumed as rejuvenators. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2014.909885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
26
|
Relevance of the glutathione system in temporal lobe epilepsy: evidence in human and experimental models. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:759293. [PMID: 25538816 PMCID: PMC4265701 DOI: 10.1155/2014/759293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress, which is a state of imbalance in the production of reactive oxygen species and nitrogen, is induced by a wide variety of factors. This biochemical state is associated with diseases that are systemic as well as diseases that affect the central nervous system. Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder, and temporal lobe epilepsy represents an estimated 40% of all epilepsy cases. Currently, evidence from human and experimental models supports the involvement of oxidative stress during seizures and in the epileptogenesis process. Hence, the aim of this review was to provide information that facilitates the processing of this evidence and investigate the therapeutic impact of the biochemical status for this specific pathology.
Collapse
|