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Cha J, Yun JH, Choi JH, Lee JH, Choi BT, Shin HK. Preclinical Evidence and Underlying Mechanisms of Polygonum multiflorum and Its Chemical Constituents Against Cognitive Impairments and Alzheimer's Disease. J Pharmacopuncture 2024; 27:70-81. [PMID: 38948308 PMCID: PMC11194523 DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2024.27.2.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Cognitive impairments, ranging from mild to severe, adversely affect daily functioning, quality of life, and work capacity. Despite significant efforts in the past decade, more than 200 promising drug candidates have failed in clinical trials. Herbal remedies are gaining interest as potential treatments for dementia due to their long history and safety, making them valuable for drug development. This review aimed to examine the mechanisms behind the effect of Polygonum multiflorum on cognitive function. Methods This study focused primarily on the effects of Polygonum multiflorum and its chemical constituents on cognitive behavioral outcomes including the Morris water maze, the passive avoidance test, and the Y maze, as well as pathogenic targets of cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease (AD) like amyloid deposition, amyloid precursor protein, tau hyperphosphorylation, and cognitive decline. Additionally, a thorough evaluation of the mechanisms behind Polygonum multiflorum's impact on cognitive function was conducted. We reviewed the most recent data from preclinical research done on experimental models, particularly looking at Polygonum multiflorum's effects on cognitive decline and AD. Results According to recent research, Poligonum multiflorum and its bioactive components, stilbene, and emodin, influence cognitive behavioral results and regulate the pathological target of cognitive impairment and AD. Their mechanisms of action include reducing oxidative and mitochondrial damage, regulating neuroinflammation, halting apoptosis, and promoting increased neurogenesis and synaptogenesis. Conclusion This review serves as a comprehensive compilation of current experiments on AD and other cognitive impairment models related to the therapeutic effects of Polygonum multiflorum. We believe that these findings can serve as a basis for future clinical trials and have potential applications in the treatment of human neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Cha
- Department of Korean Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hwan Yun
- Department of Korean Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Choi
- Department of Korean Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ho Lee
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Training Program of Korean Medical Therapeutics for Healthy Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Tae Choi
- Department of Korean Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Training Program of Korean Medical Therapeutics for Healthy Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Kyoung Shin
- Department of Korean Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Training Program of Korean Medical Therapeutics for Healthy Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
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Han M, Li C, Zhang C, Song C, Xu Q, Liu Q, Guo J, Sun Y. Single-cell transcriptomics reveals the natural product Shi-Bi-Man promotes hair regeneration by activating the FGF pathway in dermal papilla cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 104:154260. [PMID: 35777117 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Finasteride and minoxidil are two commonly used drugs for the treatment of hair loss. However, these two drugs have certain side effects. Thus, the further elucidation of treatments for hair loss, including those using Chinese herbal medicine, remains important clinically. Shi-Bi-Man (SBM) is a hair health supplement that darkens hair and contains ginseng radix, tea polyphenols, polygonum multiflorum, radix angelicae sinensis, aloe, linseed, and green tea extract. PURPOSE This study aimed to find potential effective monomer components to promote hair regeneration from SBM and to explore the mechanism of SBM to promote hair regeneration. METHODS Supplementation with the intragastric administration or smear administration of SBM in artificially shaved C57BL/6 mice, observe its hair growth. UPLC/MS and UPLC/LTQ-Orbitrap-MS detect the main components in SBM and the main monomers contained in the skin after smearing, respectively. A network pharmacology study on the main components of SBM and single-cell RNA sequencing was performed to explore the role of SBM for hair regeneration. RESULTS SBM significantly induced hair growth compared with a control treatment. TSG and EGCG were the main monomers in the skin after SBM smearing. The results of single-cell sequencing revealed that after SBM treatment, the number of hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) and dermal papilla cells (DPCs) increased significantly. Cell interactions and volcano dots show that the interaction of the FGF signaling pathway was significantly enhanced, in which Fgf7 expression was especially upregulated in DPCs. In addition, the Wnt signaling pathway also had a partially enhanced effect on the interactions between various cells in the skin. The network pharmacology study showed that the promotion of the FGF and Wnt pathways by SBM was also enriched in alopecia diseases. CONCLUSION We report that SBM has a potential effect on the promotion of hair growth by mainly activating the FGF signaling pathway. The use of SBM may be a novel therapeutic option for hair loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingrui Han
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chengxi Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenglin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qianqian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jianming Guo
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
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Lin HY, Yang YN, Chen YF, Huang TY, Crawford DR, Chuang HY, Chin YT, Chu HR, Li ZL, Shih YJ, Chen YR, Yang YCSH, Ho Y, Davis PJ, Whang-Peng J, Wang K. 2,3,5,4′-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-Glucoside improves female ovarian aging. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:862045. [PMID: 36111333 PMCID: PMC9469098 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.862045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced fertility associated with normal aging may reflect the over-maturity of oocytes. It is increasingly important to reduce aging-induced infertility since recent trends show people marrying at later ages. 2,3,5,4′-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside (THSG), a polyphenol extracted from Polygonum multiflorum, has been reported to have anti-inflammatory and anti-aging properties. To evaluate whether THSG can reduce aging-related ovarian damage in a female mouse model of aging, THSG was administered by gavage at a dose of 10 mg/kg twice weekly, starting at 4 weeks of age in a group of young mice. In addition, the effect of THSG in a group of aged mice was also studied in mice starting at 24 weeks of age. The number of oocytes in the THSG-fed group was higher than in the untreated control group. Although the percentage of secondary polar bodies (PB2) decreased during aging in the THSG-fed group, it decreased much more slowly than in the age-matched control group. THSG administration increased the quality of ovaries in young mice becoming aged. Western blotting analyses also indicated that CYP19, PR-B, and ER-β expressions were significantly increased in 36-week-old mice. THSG also increased oocyte numbers in aged mice compared to mice without THSG fed. Studies of qPCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analyses of ovaries in the aged mice groups were conducted. THSG increased gene expression of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), a biomarker of oocyte number, and protein accumulation in 40-week-old mice. THSG increased the expression of pgc1α and atp6, mitochondrial biogenesis-related genes, and their protein expression. THSG also attenuated the fading rate of CYP11a and CYP19 associated with sex hormone synthesis. And THSG maintains a high level of ER-β expression, thereby enhancing the sensitivity of estrogen. Our findings indicated that THSG increased or extended gene expression involved in ovarian maintenance and rejuvenation in young and aged mice. On the other hand, THSG treatments significantly maintained oocyte quantity and quality in both groups of young and aged mice compared to each age-matched control group. In conclusion, THSG can delay aging-related menopause, and the antioxidant properties of THSG may make it suitable for preventing aging-induced infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Yun Lin
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center of Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY, United States
- Cancer Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ning Yang
- School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fong Chen
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Yung Huang
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Dana R. Crawford
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Hui-Yu Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tang Chin
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Ru Chu
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, College of Medical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zi-Lin Li
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, College of Medical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Jung Shih
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, College of Medical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ru Chen
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, College of Medical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen S. H. Yang
- Joint Biobank, Office of Human Research, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yih Ho
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Yih Ho,
| | - Paul J. Davis
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Jacqueline Whang-Peng
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan Wang
- Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, College of Medical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Wang C, Dai S, Gong L, Fu K, Ma C, Liu Y, Zhou H, Li Y. A Review of Pharmacology, Toxicity and Pharmacokinetics of 2,3,5,4'-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-Glucoside. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:791214. [PMID: 35069206 PMCID: PMC8769241 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.791214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. (He-shou-wu in Chinese), a Chinese botanical drug with a long history, is widely used to treat a variety of chronic diseases in clinic, and has been given the reputation of “rejuvenating and prolonging life” in many places. 2,3,4′,5-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside (TSG, C20H22O9) is the main and unique active ingredient isolated from Polygonum multiflorum Thunb., which has extensive pharmacological activities. Modern pharmacological studies have confirmed that TSG exhibits significant activities in treating various diseases, including inflammatory diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, hepatic steatosis, osteoporosis, depression and diabetic nephropathy. Therefore, this review comprehensively summarizes the pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties of TSG up to 2021 by searching the databases of Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect and CNKI. According to the data, TSG shows remarkable anti-inflammation, antioxidation, neuroprotection, cardiovascular protection, hepatoprotection, anti-osteoporosis, enhancement of memory and anti-aging activities through regulating multiple molecular mechanisms, such as NF-κB, AMPK, PI3K-AKT, JNK, ROS-NO, Bcl-2/Bax/Caspase-3, ERK1/2, TGF-β/Smad, Nrf2, eNOS/NO and SIRT1. In addition, the toxicity and pharmacokinetics of TSG are also discussed in this review, which provided direction and basis for the further development and clinical application of TSG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lihong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ke Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanfang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Honglin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Gao Y, Hu K, Yang J, Wang S, Li J, Wu Q, Wang Z, Chen N, Li L, Zhang L. Tetrahydroxy stilbene glycoside regulates TGF-β/fractalkine/CX3CR1 based on network pharmacology in APP/PS1 mouse model. Neuropeptides 2021; 90:102197. [PMID: 34509715 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2021.102197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a serious, progressive neurodegenerative disease that involves irreversible neuronal death. Tetrahydroxy stilbene glycoside (TSG) is an active compound extracted from P. multiflorum, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, but its role in neuroprotection is unclear. Herein, we aimed to validate the effects of TSG on APP/PS1 model mice and the underlying mechanism. RNA-seq was performed to identify differentially expressed genes in APP/PS1 mouse, with PCR and immunohistochemistry used for validation. Experiments were performed after bioinformatic analysis for verification. Neuronal damage was observed by H&E staining. Key proteins involved in the pathway such as CX3CR1, Iba1 and TGF-β were examined by immunohistochemical analysis. The KEGG analysis suggested that these genes might act by multiple pathways to build the pharmacological network of TSG in AD progression. These data provide the credible evidence that TSG improved neuronal damage and regulated neuroprotective mechanisms. Together, our work has detailed the whole and major genes in APP/PS1 model mouse regulated by TSG, and highlighted the anti-inflammatory function of TSG in mediating CX3CR1 and TGF-β as the TGF-β/fractalkine/CX3XR1 signaling pathway, especially in microglia. Moreover, TSG has potential value in synaptic transmission and neurotrophic action on neurodegenerative diseases. In summary, TSG is a promising candidate for preventing and treating the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nervous System Drugs, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing 100053, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica and Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Kaichao Hu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Juxiang Yang
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010107, China
| | - Shasha Wang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Juntong Li
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Qinglin Wu
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica and Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Naihong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica and Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nervous System Drugs, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nervous System Drugs, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing 100053, China.
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Zhai XR, Zou ZS, Wang JB, Xiao XH. Herb-Induced Liver Injury Related to Reynoutria multiflora (Thunb.) Moldenke: Risk Factors, Molecular and Mechanistic Specifics. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:738577. [PMID: 34539416 PMCID: PMC8443768 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.738577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbal medicine is widely used in Asia as well as the west. Hepatotoxicity is one of the most severe side effects of herbal medicine which is an increasing concern around the world. Reynoutria multiflora (Thunb.) Moldenke (Polygonum multiflorum Thunb., PM) is the most common herb that can cause herb-induced liver injury (HILI). The recent scientific and technological advancements in clinical and basic research are paving the way for a better understanding of the molecular aspects of PM-related HILI (PM-HILI). This review provides an updated overview of the clinical characteristics, predisposing factors, hepatotoxic components, and molecular mechanisms of PM-HILI. It can also aid in a better understanding of HILI and help in further research on the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Ran Zhai
- Peking University 302 Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng-Sheng Zou
- Peking University 302 Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Senior Department of Hepatology, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Bo Wang
- Senior Department of Hepatology, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-He Xiao
- Senior Department of Hepatology, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, the Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Gao Y, Li JT, Li X, Li X, Yang SW, Chen NH, Li L, Zhang L. Tetrahydroxy stilbene glycoside attenuates acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity by UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS-based metabolomics and multivariate data analysis. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:3832-3862. [PMID: 33111343 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tetrahydroxy stilbene glycoside (TSG) is a main active compound in Polygonum multiflorum. Acetaminophen (APAP) is a well-known analgesic and antipyretic drug. It is considered to be safe within a therapeutic range, in case of acute intoxication hepatotoxicity occurs. This present study aims to observe TSG-provided alleviation on APAP-induced hepatoxicity in C57BL/6 mice. APAP performs extensive necrosis and dissolves nucleus suggesting liver damage from hepatic histopathology. Serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase analysis and liver histological evaluation showed that TSG reduced the hepatotoxicity induced by a toxic dose of APAP. Moreover, TSG alone had no hepatotoxicity. TSG eliminated hepatic glutathione depletion and cysteine adducts formation. It also reduced the expression of interleukin-10 and lowered the production of reactive oxygen species in liver tissues. Luminex was used to detect cytokine production in different groups. Herein, we used an untargeted metabolomics approach by performing ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry on treated mice to identify metabolic disruptions under APAP and TSG. Major alterations were observed for purine metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and fatty acid metabolism. These data provide metabolic evidence and biomarkers in the liver that the ABC transporters, Glycine serine and threonine metabolism, and Choline metabolism in cancer changed the most. These targets of metabolites have the potential to improve our understanding of homeostatic. Meanwhile, these metabolites revealed that TSG can alleviate inflammation caused by APAP and promote the activity of intrinsic antioxidants. In summary, TSG can regulate lipid metabolism, promote the production of antioxidant enzymes, and decrease the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nervous System Drugs, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica and Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Tong Li
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nervous System Drugs, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Xun Li
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Song-Wei Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Nai-Hong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica and Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nervous System Drugs, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nervous System Drugs, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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Zhang L, Yang H. Promotive effects of tetrahydroxystilbene glucoside on the differentiation of neural stem cells from the mesencephalon into dopaminergic neurons. Neurosci Lett 2020; 742:135520. [PMID: 33246026 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of midbrain dopaminergic (DA) neurons. Neural stem cells (NSCs) are the most promising cells for cell-replacement therapy for PD. However, the poor differentiation and maturation of DA neurons and decreased cell survival after transplantation are a challenge. Tetrahydroxystilbene glucoside (2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-glucoside; TSG), an active component of the popular traditional Chinese medicinal plant Polygonum multiflorum Thunb, possesses multiple pharmacological actions. In this study, we determined whether TSG can induce neural stem cell (NSCs) differentiation into neurons, especially DA neurons, and the possible involvement of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. Results revealed that NSCs differentiated primarily into astrocytes when cultured in 2 % serum-containing medium. However, TSG treatment during NSC differentiation in vitro increased the number of Tuj-1-positive neurons, as well as the proportion of tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)-positive cells and dopamine- transporter- positive neurons, a late marker of mature DA neurons. We also found that TSG enhanced the expression of nuclear receptor related factor 1, a transcription factor specific for the development and maintenance of midbrain DA neurons in inducing NSC differentiation into TH -immunoreactive DA neurons. Moreover, TSG upregulated the expression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling molecules (Wnt1, Wnt3a, Wnt5a, and β-catenin). However, these promoting effects were significantly inhibited by the application of IWR1, a Wnt signaling-specific blocker in culture. Our findings suggested that TSG may have potential in inducing the DA neuronal differentiation of mouse NSCs mediated by triggering the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. These results indicated the possible role for TSG in the transplantation of NSCs for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Zhang
- Translational Medicine Center, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China.
| | - Hao Yang
- Translational Medicine Center, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China.
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Ismail EN, Jantan I, Vidyadaran S, Jamal JA, Azmi N. Phyllanthus amarus prevents LPS-mediated BV2 microglial activation via MyD88 and NF-κB signaling pathways. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:202. [PMID: 32611404 PMCID: PMC7330992 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-02961-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phyllanthus amarus has been shown to attenuate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced peripheral inflammation but similar studies in the central nervous system are scarce. The aim of the present study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of 80% ethanol extract of P. amarus (EPA) in LPS-activated BV2 microglial cells. METHODS BV2 microglial cells c for 24 h, pre-treated with EPA for 24 h prior to LPS induction for another 24 h. Surface expression of CD11b and CD40 on BV2 cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. ELISA was employed to measure the production of pro-inflammatory mediators i.e. nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Western blotting technique was used to determine the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), myeloid differentiation protein 88 (MYD88), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), caspase-1, and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK). RESULTS Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the EPA using a validated ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method indicated the presence of phyllanthin, hypophyllanthin, niranthin, ellagic acid, corilagin, gallic acid, phyltetralin, isolintetralin and geraniin. EPA suppressed the production of NO and TNFα in LPS-activated BV2 microglial cells. Moreover, EPA attenuated the expression of MyD88, NF-κB and MAPK (p-P38, p-JNK and p-ERK1/2). It also inhibited the expression of CD11b and CD40. EPA protected against LPS-induced microglial activation via MyD88 and NF-κB signaling in BV2 microglial cells. CONCLUSIONS EPA demonstrated neuroprotective effects against LPS-induced microglial cells activation through the inhibition of TNFα secretion, iNOS protein expression and subsequent NO production, inhibition of NF-κB and MAPKs mediated by adapter protein MyD88 and inhibition of microglial activation markers CD11b and CD40.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elysha Nur Ismail
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ibrahim Jantan
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Lakeside Campus, Jalan Taylor's, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sharmili Vidyadaran
- Immunology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jamia Azdina Jamal
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norazrina Azmi
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Tetrahydroxystilbene Glucoside Ameliorates Infrasound-Induced Central Nervous System (CNS) Injury by Improving Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Capacity. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:6576718. [PMID: 31998440 PMCID: PMC6977337 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6576718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Infrasound is a major threat to global health by causing injuries of the central nervous system (CNS). However, there remains no effective therapeutic agent for preventing infrasound-caused CNS injury. 2,3,5,4'-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glycoside (THSG) exerts protective function against CNS injuries and may have beneficial effects on infrasound-induced CNS impairment. Methods A mouse model with CNS (oxidative stress-induced inflammation and neuronal apoptosis) injuries was established when the mouse was exposed to the infrasound of 16 Hz at 130 dB for 2 h each day and the duration of treatment was 8 d. The mice were divided into the control (CG, healthy mice), the model (MG, model mice), and the THSG (EG, experimental group, model mice treated with THSG) groups. The learning and memory impairments caused by infrasound were examined using a Morris water maze test. Lipid profiles, antioxidant biomarkers, and inflammatory cytokines in hippocampus tissue were measured by using corresponding ELISA kits. Meanwhile, BCL-2/BAX/caspase-3 signaling pathway was measured in the hippocampi and prefrontal cortex of the mouse brain using real-time qPCR and Western blot. Nissl's stain was used to measure neuronal necrosis in the hippocampi and prefrontal cortex of the mouse brain. Results THSG significantly ameliorated the learning and memory impairments caused by infrasound. On the other hand, THSG improved lipid profiles, increased antioxidant properties by affecting the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA), and displayed anti-inflammatory action via the downregulation of IL- (interleukin-) 6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF- (tumor necrosis factor-) α, and hs-CRP (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein) in the hippocampal tissues of the mouse model (P < 0.05). Additionally, Nissl's stain showed that THSG inhibited infrasound-induced neuronal necrosis in the hippocampi and prefrontal cortex. Besides, THSG exerted antiapoptosis function by upregulating the level of Bcl-2 and downregulating the levels of BAX and caspase-3 in the hippocampi. Conclusion THSG may be an effective anti-infrasound drug against CNS injury by improving antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptosis, and antinecrosis capacities. Further research is still needed to confirm the exact molecular mechanism.
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Tong J, Gao J, Liu Q, He C, Zhao X, Qi Y, Yuan T, Li P, Niu M, Wang D, Zhang L, Li W, Wang J, Zhang Z, Peng S. Resveratrol derivative excited postsynaptic potentiation specifically via PKCβ-NMDA receptor mediation. Pharmacol Res 2019; 152:104618. [PMID: 31891789 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Several decades have passed since resveratrol (RSV) was first identified in red wine. Researchers have reported the pleiotropic anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-aging, and neuronal protective effects of resveratrol and its glycosylated derivative. However, few studies have distinguished the minute differences in the properties between resveratrol and its glycosylated derivative in terms of synaptic plasticity. As an abundant natural product of glycosylated resveratrol, the derivative 2,3,4',5-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-d-glucoside (TSG) has been determined to be a better option for long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampus under physiological and pathological conditions than resveratrol. TSG, as well as its parent molecule RSV, could elicit early-LTP and recover fast excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in the hippocampus. Using various modalities, including pre- and post-whole-cell patch clamping techniques in the calyx of Held, pharmacological inhibition of the N-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptor (NMDAr) and the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid receptor (AMPAr) as well as protein kinase C (PKC) activation, we demonstrated that TSG, unlike RSV, could merely promote NMDA-mediated EPSC via PKCβ cascade. Our results provide new knowledge that glycosylation of resveratrol could significantly improve its specificity in promoting sole NMDAr mediation of EPSPs, in addition to improving solubility and resistance against oxidation in vivo. These observations could contribute to further exploration of pharmaceutical evaluation of glycosylated stilbene in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Tong
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 435000, China
| | - Jingjing Gao
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 435000, China
| | - Qingzhen Liu
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 435000, China
| | - Chenyang He
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 435000, China
| | - Xing Zhao
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 435000, China
| | - Yawei Qi
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 435000, China
| | - Tiangang Yuan
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 435000, China
| | - Pengyan Li
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, 302 Military Hospital, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Ming Niu
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, 302 Military Hospital, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Dongyao Wang
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, 302 Military Hospital, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Le Zhang
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, 302 Military Hospital, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Weiyong Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Jiabo Wang
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, 302 Military Hospital, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Zhongjian Zhang
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 435000, China.
| | - Shiyong Peng
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 435000, China.
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Jiang DQ, Ma YJ, Wang Y, Lu HX, Mao SH, Zhao SH. Microglia activation induces oxidative injury and decreases SIRT3 expression in dopaminergic neuronal cells. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2019; 126:559-568. [PMID: 31004314 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-019-02005-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Microglia activation-mediated neuroinflammation plays an important role in the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, effects of microglia activation on dopaminergic neuronal cell (DAC) fate are still poorly understood. The objective of this study was to explore the neurotoxic effects of microglia activation-mediated oxidative injury in DACs and its possible mechanisms. In the present study, microglia-DACs co-culture systems (murine BV-2 and MN9D cells, or primary microglia and mesencephalic neurons) were used to display the crosstalk between both cell types. The cytotoxicity of lipopolysaccharide-induced microglia activation led to the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species, increased cell apoptosis rate, reduced number of DACs, concomitant to cell cycle arrest at G1 phase. Molecular mechanisms of apoptosis caused by microglia activation-induced oxidative injury included the increased opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore and enhanced membrane potential depolarization in MN9D cells, down-regulation of Bcl-2 and up-regulation of Bax, caspase-3 expression in DACs. In addition, microglia activation made a significant reduction of SIRT3 and superoxide dismutase 2 gene expression in DACs. Taken together, these data imply that microglia activation promotes cell apoptosis through mitochondrial pathway and decreases SIRT3 expression in DACs, which may provide some support for PD progression promoted by neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Qi Jiang
- Department of Biology and Pharmacy, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, Yulin Normal University, Jiaoyudong Road No. 1303, Yuzhou District, Yulin, 537000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yan-Jiao Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Hai-Xiao Lu
- Department of Biology and Pharmacy, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, Yulin Normal University, Jiaoyudong Road No. 1303, Yuzhou District, Yulin, 537000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
| | - Shu-Hui Mao
- Department of Biology and Pharmacy, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, Yulin Normal University, Jiaoyudong Road No. 1303, Yuzhou District, Yulin, 537000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Shi-Hua Zhao
- Department of Biology and Pharmacy, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, Yulin Normal University, Jiaoyudong Road No. 1303, Yuzhou District, Yulin, 537000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
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Li XJ, Kim KW, Oh H, Liu XQ, Kim YC. Chemical Constituents and an Antineuroinflammatory Lignan, Savinin from the Roots of Acanthopanax henryi. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2019; 2019:1856294. [PMID: 30915141 PMCID: PMC6409005 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1856294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The phytochemical investigation on the roots of Acanthopanax henryi (Araliaceae) resulted in the discovery of twenty compounds whose chemical structures were elucidated by the analysis of 1D-, 2D-NMR, mass spectrometry data, other physicochemical properties, and a comparison of the spectral data with the literature. They were identified as (-)-sesamin (1), helioxanthin (2), savinin (3), taiwanin C (4), 6-methoxy-7-hydroxycoumarin (5), behenic acid (6), 3-O-caffeoyl-quinic acid (7), 5-O-caffeoyl-quinic acid (8), 1,3-di-O-caffeoyl-quinic acid (9), 1,4-di-O-caffeoyl-quinic acid (10), 1,5-di-O-caffeoyl-quinic acid (11), (+)-threo-(7R,8R)-guaiacylglycerol-β-coniferyl aldehyde ether (12), (+)-erythro-(7S,8R)-guaiacylglycerol-β-coniferyl aldehyde ether (13), ferulic acid (14), caffeic acid (15), stigmasterol (16), β-sitosterol (17), adenosine (18), syringin (19), and trans-coniferin (20). Among these isolates, compound 3 showed inhibitory activity against lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production with IC50 values of 2.22 ± 0.11 and 2.28 ± 0.23 μM, respectively. The effects of compound 3 were associated with the suppression of LPS-induced expression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein. Furthermore, compound 3 negatively regulated the production of interleukin- (IL-) 1β and tumor-necrosis factor- (TNF-) α at the transcriptional level in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells. These antineuroinflammatory effects of compound 3 were mediated by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jun Li
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan-Woo Kim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuncheol Oh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiang-Qian Liu
- School of pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinses Medicine, Changsha 4102098, Hunan, China
| | - Youn-Chul Kim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
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Carrera I, Cacabelos R. Current Drugs and Potential Future Neuroprotective Compounds for Parkinson's Disease. Curr Neuropharmacol 2019; 17:295-306. [PMID: 30479218 PMCID: PMC6425078 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x17666181127125704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The research progress of understanding the etiology and pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) has yet lead to the development of some clinical approaches intended to treat cognitive and behavioral symptoms, such as memory and perception disorders. Despite the major advances in different genetic causes and risk factors for PD, which share common pathways to cell dysfunction and death, there is not yet a complete model of PD that can be used to accurately predict the effect of drugs on disease progression. Clinical trials are also important to test any novel neuro-protective agent, and recently there have been great advances in the use of anti-inflammatory drugs and plant flavonoid antioxidants to protect against specific neuronal degeneration and its interference with lipid and cholesterol metabolism. The increasing knowledge of the molecular events underlying the degenerative process of PD has stimulated research to identify natural compounds capable of halting or slowing the progress of neural deterioration. Polyphenols and flavonoids, which play a neuroprotective role in a wide array of in vitro and in vivo models of neurological disorders, emerged from among the multi-target bio-agents found mainly in plants and microorganisms. This review presents a detailed overview of the multimodal activities of neuroprotective bio-agents tested so far, emphasizing their neurorescue/neuroregenerative activity. The brain-penetrating property of bioagents may make these compounds an important class of natural drugs for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Although there are numerous studies demonstrating beneficial effects in the laboratory by identifying critical molecular targets, the clinical efficacy of these neuroprotective treatments remains to be proven accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Carrera
- Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Health Biotechnology, EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, 15165 Bergondo, Corunna, Spain; Tel: +34 981780505; E-mail:
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Zhang L, Chen J. Biological Effects of Tetrahydroxystilbene Glucoside: An Active Component of a Rhizome Extracted from Polygonum multiflorum. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:3641960. [PMID: 30524653 PMCID: PMC6247474 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3641960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. (PM), a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, has been widely used in the Orient as a tonic and antiaging agent. 2,3,5,4'-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside (TSG, C20H22O9, FW = 406.38928) is one of the active components extracted from PM. TSG is an antioxidant agent, which exhibits remarkable antioxidative activities in vivo and in vitro. The antioxidant effect of TSG is achieved by its radical-scavenging effects. TSG can inhibit apoptosis and protect neuronal cells against injury through multifunctional cytoprotective pathways. TSG performs prophylactic and therapeutic activities against Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. It is also antiatherosclerotic and anti-inflammatory. However, the mechanisms underlying these pharmacological activities are unclear. This study aimed at reviewing experimental studies and describing the effectiveness and possible mechanisms of TSG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Zhang
- Translational Medicine Center, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Jianzong Chen
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
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16
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Fan YF, Guan SY, Luo L, Li YJ, Yang L, Zhou XX, Guo GD, Zhao MG, Yang Q, Liu G. Tetrahydroxystilbene glucoside relieves the chronic inflammatory pain by inhibiting neuronal apoptosis, microglia activation, and GluN2B overexpression in anterior cingulate cortex. Mol Pain 2018; 14:1744806918814367. [PMID: 30380983 PMCID: PMC6259074 DOI: 10.1177/1744806918814367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetrahydroxystilbene glucoside (THSG) is one of the active ingredients of Polygonum multiflorum. It has been shown to exert a variety of pharmacological effects, including antioxidant, anti-aging, and anti-atherosclerosis. Because of its prominent anti-inflammatory effect, we explored whether THSG had analgesic effect. In this study, we used a model of chronic inflammatory pain caused by injecting complete Freund's adjuvant into the hind paw of mice. We found THSG relieved swelling and pain in the hind paw of mice on a dose-dependent manner. In the anterior cingulate cortex, THSG suppressed the upregulation of GluN2B-containing N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and the downregulation of GluN2A-containing N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors caused by chronic inflammation. In addition, THSG increased Bcl-2 and decreased Bax and Caspase-3 expression by protecting neuronal survival. Furthermore, THSG inhibited the phosphorylation of p38 and the increase of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). Immunohistochemical staining revealed that THSG blocked the activation of microglia and reduced the release of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and interleukin 6 (IL-6). In conclusion, this study demonstrated that THSG had a certain effect on alleviating complete Freund's adjuvant-induced chronic inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Fei Fan
- 1 Department of Orthopedics, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shao-Yu Guan
- 2 Department of Pharmacy, Precision Pharmacy and Drug Development Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.,3 Department of Nature Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Luo
- 2 Department of Pharmacy, Precision Pharmacy and Drug Development Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan-Jiao Li
- 2 Department of Pharmacy, Precision Pharmacy and Drug Development Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.,3 Department of Nature Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Le Yang
- 2 Department of Pharmacy, Precision Pharmacy and Drug Development Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuan-Xuan Zhou
- 3 Department of Nature Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guo-Dong Guo
- 1 Department of Orthopedics, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming-Gao Zhao
- 2 Department of Pharmacy, Precision Pharmacy and Drug Development Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qi Yang
- 2 Department of Pharmacy, Precision Pharmacy and Drug Development Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Gang Liu
- 1 Department of Orthopedics, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Zhou Y, Wang G, Li D, Wang Y, Wu Q, Shi J, Zhang F. Dual modulation on glial cells by tetrahydroxystilbene glucoside protects against dopamine neuronal loss. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:161. [PMID: 29801454 PMCID: PMC5970496 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1194-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is recognized to mainly contribute to the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Tetrahydroxystilbene glucoside (TSG) has been proved to be beneficial for health with a great number of pharmacological properties. We examined the effects of TSG against dopamine (DA) neuronal loss towards development of a PD treatment strategy. Methods Substantia nigral stereotaxic single injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced rat DA neuronal damage was employed to investigate TSG-produced neuroprotection. In addition, primary rat midbrain neuron-glia co-cultures were performed to explore the underlying mechanisms. Results Daily intraperitoneal injection of TSG for seven consecutive days significantly attenuated LPS-induced loss of DA neurons in the substantia nigra. In addition, glia-dependent mechanisms were responsible for TSG-mediated neuroprotection. First, TSG ameliorated microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and the subsequent production of various pro-inflammatory and neurotoxic factors. Second, astroglial neurotrophic factor neutralization weakened TSG-mediated neuroprotection, showing that TSG was protective in part via increasing astroglia-derived neurotrophic factor secretion. Conclusions TSG protects DA neurons against LPS-induced neurotoxicity through dual modulation on glial cells by attenuating microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and enhancing astroglia-derived neurotrophic effects. These findings might open new alternative avenues for PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.,Department of Ear-Nose-Throat Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Guoqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Daidi Li
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Yanying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Qin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Jingshan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.
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2, 3, 5, 4'-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside prevention of lipopolysaccharide-induced depressive-like behaviors in mice involves neuroinflammation and oxido-nitrosative stress inhibition. Behav Pharmacol 2018; 28:365-374. [PMID: 28410266 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although numerous hypotheses have been raised in recent years, the exact mechanisms that promote the development of major depression are largely unknown. Recently, strategies targeting the process of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in depression have been attracting greater attention. 2, 3, 5, 4'-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside (TSG), a compound purified from a traditional Chinese herbal medicine polygonummultiflorum, has been widely reported to inhibit neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. In this context, we investigated whether TSG affects lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depressive-like behaviors in a manner associated with neuroinflammation and oxido-nitrosative stress. Results showed that administration of ICR mice with 0.83 mg/kg of LPS-induced typical depressive-like behaviors in the experiments of the tail-suspension test, the forced-swimming test, and sucrose preference, and these behaviors were prevented by TSG treatment (30 and 60 mg/kg). Further analysis showed that TSG pretreatment at the doses of 30 and 60 mg/kg not only inhibited the production of proinflammatory cytokines induced by LPS, such as interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α, but also prevented the LPS-induced enhancement of oxido-nitrosative stress in mouse hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. The LPS-induced decreases in brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex were also prevented by TSG treatment. Generally, our data provide evidence to show that TSG could be used to cope with depressive-like symptoms by inhibition of neuroinflammation and oxido-nitrosative stress.
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Tetrahydroxystilbene Glucoside Produces Neuroprotection against 6-OHDA-Induced Dopamine Neurotoxicity. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:7927568. [PMID: 29576855 PMCID: PMC5821944 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7927568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) was one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases with a slow and progressive loss of dopamine (DA) neurons in the midbrain substantia nigra (SN). Neuroinflammation was identified to be an important contributor to PD pathogenesis with the hallmark of microglia activation. Tetrahydroxystilbene glucoside (TSG) was the main active component extracted from Polygonum multiflorum and held amounts of pharmacological activities including antioxidant, free radical-scavenging, anti-inflammation, and cardioprotective properties. Recent studies demonstrated that TSG exerted neuroprotection from several neurodegenerative disease models. However, the underlying mechanisms were not completely elucidated. In the present study, rat nigral stereotaxic injection of 6-hydroxydopamine- (6-OHDA-) elicited DA neuronal injury was performed to investigate TSG-mediated neuroprotection on DA neurons. In addition, primary rat midbrain neuron-glia cocultures were applied to explore the mechanisms underlying TSG-exerted neuroprotection. Results showed that daily intraperitoneal injection of TSG for 14 consecutive days significantly protected DA neurons from 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity and suppressed microglia activation. Similar neuroprotection was shown in primary neuron-glia cocultures. In vitro studies further demonstrated that TSG inhibited microglia activation and subsequent release of proinflammatory factors. Moreover, TSG-mediated neuroprotection was closely related with the inactivation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Together, TSG protects DA neurons from 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity via the inhibition of microglia-elicited neuroinflammation. These findings suggest that TSG might hold potential therapeutic effects on PD.
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2,3,4',5-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside exacerbates acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity by inducing hepatic expression of CYP2E1, CYP3A4 and CYP1A2. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16511. [PMID: 29184146 PMCID: PMC5705655 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16688-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatotoxicity induced by medicinal herb Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. attracts wide attention in the world recently. 2,3,4',5-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside (TSG) is a main active compound in Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. This study aims to observe TSG-provided the aggravation on acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity in mice by inducing hepatic expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes. Serum alanine/aspartate aminotransferase (ALT/AST) analysis and liver histological evaluation showed that TSG (200, 400, 800 mg/kg) exacerbated the hepatotoxicity induced by sub-toxic dose of APAP (200 mg/kg) in mice, but TSG alone had no hepatotoxicity. TSG aggravated hepatic reduced glutathione (GSH) depletion and APAP-cysteine adducts (APAP-CYS) formation induced by APAP in mice. TSG increased the expression of CYP2E1, CYP3A4 and CYP1A2 both in mice and in human normal liver L-02 hepatocytes. TSG also enhanced liver catalytic activity of CYP2E1, CYP3A4 and CYP1A2 in mice. TSG induced the nuclear translocation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and pregnane X receptor (PXR), and TSG-provided the aggravation on APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in mice was reversed by PXR or AHR inhibitors. In summary, our results demonstrate that TSG enhances hepatic expression of CYP3A4, CYP2E1 and CYP1A2, and thus exacerbates the hepatotoxicity induced by APAP in mice. PXR and AHR both play some important roles in this process.
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Wu J, Hu W, Gong Y, Wang P, Tong L, Chen X, Chen Z, Xu X, Yao W, Zhang W, Huang C. Current pharmacological developments in 2,3,4',5-tetrahydroxystilbene 2-O-β-D-glucoside (TSG). Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 811:21-29. [PMID: 28545778 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
2,3,4',5-tetrahydroxystilbene 2-O-β-D-glucoside (TSG), a resveratrol analog with glucoside, is purified from a traditional Chinese herbal medicine polygonum multiflorum. It has been extensively studied in last decade and known to exert strong anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic, and free radical scavenging activities, and therefore has been listed as a potential agent for disease therapies. Recent studies extend well-beyond effects of TSG on the injury of neurons, cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells, and report important functions of TSG in a lot of pathophysiological conditions. For example, TSG has been shown to prevent the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in microglia and macrophages in vitro, and ameliorate pro-inflammatory responses in animal models with neurodegeneration, atherosclerosis, and rat paw or ear oedema. TSG can prevent the proliferation of vascular smooth cells, gastrointestinal dysfunctions, platelet aggregation, osteoblastic injury, diabetic nephropathy and melanogenesis. TSG is also indicated to facilitate long-term potentiation and learning and memory in both normal and pathological conditions. These effects to some extent enrich the understanding about the role of TSG in disease prevention and therapy. However, to date, we still have no outlined knowledges about the pharmacological effects of TSG, though the role of TSG in aging and Alzheimer's disease has been reviewed in recent years. Here, we summarize the current pharmacological developments of TSG as well as its possible mechanisms in disease prevention and therapy, aiming to push the understanding about the protective role of TSG as well as its preclinical assessment of novel applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, #118 Wansheng Street, Suzhou 215021, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenfeng Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University,#19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target of Jiangsu Province, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Gong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University,#19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target of Jiangsu Province, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University,#19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target of Jiangsu Province, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lijuan Tong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University,#19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target of Jiangsu Province, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangfan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University,#19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target of Jiangsu Province, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Invasive Technology Department, Nantong First People's Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, #6 North Road Hai'er Xiang, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaole Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University,#19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target of Jiangsu Province, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenjuan Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University,#19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target of Jiangsu Province, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University,#19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target of Jiangsu Province, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University,#19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target of Jiangsu Province, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China.
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2,3,5,4'-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside protects murine hearts against ischemia/reperfusion injury by activating Notch1/Hes1 signaling and attenuating endoplasmic reticulum stress. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2017; 38:317-330. [PMID: 28112174 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2016.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
2,3,5,4'-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside (TSG) is a water-soluble active component extracted from Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. A number of studies demonstrate that TSG exerts cardioprotective effects. Since endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays a key role in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R)-induced cell apoptosis, we sought to determine whether modulation of the ER stress during MI/R injury was involved in the cardioprotective action of TSG. Male mice were treated with TSG (60 mg·kg-1·d-1, ig) for 2 weeks and then were subjected to MI/R surgery. Pre-administration of TSG significantly improved post-operative cardiac function, and suppressed MI/R-induced myocardial apoptosis, evidenced by the reduction in the myocardial apoptotic index, serum levels of LDH and CK after 6 h of reperfusion. TSG (0.1-1000 μmol/L) did not affect the viability of cultured H9c2 cardiomyoblasts in vitro, but pretreatment with TSG dose-dependently decreased simulated ischemia/reperfusion (SIR)-induced cell apoptosis. Furthermore, both in vivo and in vitro studies revealed that TSG treatment activated the Notch1/Hes1 signaling pathway and suppressed ER stress, as evidenced by increasing Notch1, Notch1 intracellular domain (NICD), Hes1, and Bcl-2 expression levels and by decreasing p-PERK/PERK ratio, p-eIF2α/eIF2α ratio, and ATF4, CHOP, Bax, and caspase-3 expression levels. Moreover, the protective effects conferred by TSG on SIR-treated H9c2 cardiomyoblasts were abolished by co-administration of DAPT (the Notch1 signaling inhibitor). In summary, TSG ameliorates MI/R injury in vivo and in vitro by activating the Notch1/Hes1 signaling pathway and attenuating ER stress-induced apoptosis.
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Lee SY, Ahn SM, Wang Z, Choi YW, Shin HK, Choi BT. Neuroprotective effects of 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydoxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside from Polygonum multiflorum against glutamate-induced oxidative toxicity in HT22 cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 195:64-70. [PMID: 27939422 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Since ancient times, Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. has been used to treat premature grey hair, dizziness, and blurred vision in East Asia. A major bioactive constituent of this medicinal herb, 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydoxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside (THSG), has antioxidant activity and exerts beneficial effects on cognition and memory. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of the current study was to determine if THSG affects hippocampal neuronal cell death and mitochondrial function following exposure to oxidative stress. MATERIALS AND METHODS HT22 hippocampal cells with or without THSG pretreatment were exposed to glutamate, and the effects on cell viability and expression of molecules related to apoptotic cell death were examined using biochemical techniques, flow cytometry, western immunoblotting, and real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Pretreatment with THSG significantly attenuated glutamate-induced loss of cell viability and release of lactate dehydrogenase as well as apoptotic cell death. THSG inhibited generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), expression of heme oxygenase-1, and activation of caspase-3 and calpain-1 proteases, all of which were increased by glutamate. THSG inhibited glutamate-induced disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and voltage-dependent anion channel-1. It also regulated the ratio of Bax to Bcl-2. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that THSG has a marked neuroprotective effect against glutamate-induced hippocampal damage by decreasing ROS production and stabilizing MMP. These findings suggest the potential of THSG as a new therapeutic agent for the treatment of cognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Young Lee
- Korean Medical Science Research Center for Healthy-Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Min Ahn
- Korean Medical Science Research Center for Healthy-Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Ziyu Wang
- Department of Horticultural Bioscience, College of Natural Resource and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Whan Choi
- Department of Horticultural Bioscience, College of Natural Resource and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Kyoung Shin
- Korean Medical Science Research Center for Healthy-Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; Division of Meridian and Structural Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Tae Choi
- Korean Medical Science Research Center for Healthy-Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; Division of Meridian and Structural Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea.
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2,3,5,4'-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O- β-D-glucoside Promotes Expression of the Longevity Gene Klotho. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:3128235. [PMID: 27885332 PMCID: PMC5112329 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3128235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The longevity gene klotho has numerous physiological functions, such as regulating calcium and phosphorus levels, delaying senescence, improving cognition, reducing oxidative stress, and protecting vascular endothelial cells. This study tested whether 2,3,5,4′-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside (THSG), a small molecule with antiaging effects, regulates the expression and physiological effects of klotho. Our results showed that THSG dose-dependently increased the luciferase reporter activity of the klotho gene, reversed the decrease in mRNA and protein expression of klotho which was induced by angiotensin II in NRK-52E renal tubular epithelial cells, and increased klotho mRNA expression in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, testis, and kidney medulla of spontaneously hypertensive rats. THSG also reduced the number of senescent cells induced by angiotensin II and improved the antioxidant capacity and enhanced the bone strength in vivo. Based on klotho's role in promoting cognition, regulating bone metabolism, and improving renal function, the effect of THSG on klotho expression will be beneficial to the functional improvement or enhancement of the expressed organs or tissues.
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Park SY, Jin ML, Wang Z, Park G, Choi YW. 2,3,4',5-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-d-glucoside exerts anti-inflammatory effects on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated microglia by inhibiting NF-κB and activating AMPK/Nrf2 pathways. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 97:159-167. [PMID: 27621050 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
2,3,4',5-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-d-glucoside (THSG) affects neuroinflammation-related neurodegenerative diseases and inhibits neuroinflammatory mediators. However, the detailed impacts and underlying mechanisms of THSG on neuroinflammatory responses are still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-neuroinflammatory mechanism of THSG via AMPK/Nrf2 signaling pathways. This study showed that THSG attenuated LPS-induced iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, and IL-6 activation in microglia. Furthermore, it was observed that activation of IκBα and NF-κB was significantly increased upon LPS stimulation, and suppressed by THSG treatment in a dose-dependent manner. The expression of HO-1 and NQO1, as well as Nrf2 activation, was induced by THSG in microglia. The promoter activity of ARE and HO-1 also increased in a dose-dependent manner following THSG treatment. Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1 has anti-inflammatory properties; the knock-down of Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1 by specific siRNA prevented the THSG-mediated inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 promoter activity. Consistent with this concept, the phosphorylation of LKB1, CaMKII, and AMPK were elevated after THSG treatment. The blockade of AMPK by a pharmacological inhibitor prevented THSG-induced HO-1 and NQO1 expression. The anti-inflammatory properties of THSG were also reversed by treatment with an AMPK inhibitor. In conclusion, we demonstrated that THSG attenuates the LPS-induced neuroinflammatory response mediated by AMPK/Nrf2 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Young Park
- Bio-IT Fusion Technology Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Mei Ling Jin
- Bio-IT Fusion Technology Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Ziyu Wang
- Department of Horticultural Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Republic of Korea
| | - Geuntae Park
- Department of Nanomaterials Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Whan Choi
- Department of Horticultural Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Republic of Korea.
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Park SY, Jin ML, Chae SY, Ko MJ, Choi YH, Park G, Choi YW. Novel compound from Polygonum multiflorum inhibits inflammatory response in LPS-stimulated microglia by upregulating AMPK/Nrf2 pathways. Neurochem Int 2016; 100:21-29. [PMID: 27545975 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Polygonum multiflorum extracts are known to improve memory and learning ability, and have neuroprotective and anti-aging activity. However, its function and the underlying mechanisms in neuroinflammation-mediated neurodegenerative disease remain poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated the anti-neuroinflammatory effects of several compounds from P. multiflorum, and found a novel compound, CRPE55IB. The CRPE55IB-induced suppression of NO and PGE2 production correlated with inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 protein expression and promoter activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated microglia. CRPE55IB also reduced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) induced by LPS. Furthermore, investigation of the molecular mechanism indicated that CRPE55IB inhibited LPS-induced NF-κB activation by inactivating phosphorylation of IKKα/β, and phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα. We further found that CRPE55IB inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK and JNK at a lower concentration than that for p38 MAPK. Further experiments revealed that CRPE55IB treatment considerably increased the activation of Nrf2/ARE, and the expression of its target genes, including HO-1 and NQO1. Moreover, the Knockdown of Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO1 by siRNA abrogated the inhibitory effect of CRPE55IB on iNOS and COX-2 promoter activity. CRPE55IB also induced phosphorylation of AMPK/LKB/CaMKII in microglia. Analysis using a specific inhibitor of AMPK demonstrated that AMPK activation was involved in CRPE55IB-induced HO-1 and NQO1 expression. In addition, the CRPE55IB-induced anti-neuroinflammatory effect was abrogated by a specific inhibitor of AMPK, indicating the important role of AMPK in CRPE55IB-induced anti-neuroinflammation. Collectively, these results demonstrate that CRPE55IB exerts anti-neuroinflammatory effects against LPS via the Nrf2/AMPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Young Park
- Bio-IT Fusion Technology Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Mei Ling Jin
- Bio-IT Fusion Technology Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Yeong Chae
- Bio-IT Fusion Technology Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jung Ko
- Department of Nanomaterials Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Oriental Medicine, Busan 614-052, Republic of Korea
| | - Geuntae Park
- Department of Nanomaterials Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Whan Choi
- Department of Horticultural Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang, 627-706, Republic of Korea.
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Biological Activities of 2,3,5,4'-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-Glucoside in Antiaging and Antiaging-Related Disease Treatments. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:4973239. [PMID: 27413420 PMCID: PMC4931083 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4973239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
2,3,5,4′-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside (THSG) is active component of the Chinese medicinal plant Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. (THSG). Pharmacological studies have demonstrated that THSG exhibits numerous biological functions in treating atherosclerosis, lipid metabolism, vascular and cardiac remodeling, vascular fibrosis, cardiac-cerebral ischemia, learning and memory disorders, neuroinflammation, Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases, diabetic complications, hair growth problems, and numerous other conditions. This review focuses on the biological effects of THSG in antiaging and antiaging-related disease treatments and discusses its molecular mechanisms.
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Dang Y, Xu Y, Wu W, Li W, Sun Y, Yang J, Zhu Y, Zhang C. Tetrandrine suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced microglial activation by inhibiting NF-κB and ERK signaling pathways in BV2 cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102522. [PMID: 25115855 PMCID: PMC4130469 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective Tetrandrine (TET) is a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid extracted from Stephania tetrandra Moore. Recent studies have suggested that TET can reduce the inflammatory response in microglia, but the mechanisms remain unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate whether TET can inhibit lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced microglial activation and clarify its possible mechanisms. Study Design/Materials and Methods Cell viability assays and cell apoptosis assays were used to determine the working concentrations of TET. Then, BV2 cells were seeded and pretreated with TET for 2 h. LPS was then added and incubated for an additional 24 hours. qRT-PCR and ELISA were used to measure the mRNA or protein levels of IL1β and TNFα. Western blotting was utilized to quantify the expression of CD11b and cell signaling proteins. Results TET at optimal concentrations (0.1 µM, 0.5 µM or 1 µM) did not affect the cell viability. After TET pretreatment, the levels of IL1β and TNFα (both in transcription and translation) were significantly inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. Further studies indicated that phospho-p65, phospho-IKK, and phospho-ERK 1/2 expression were also suppressed by TET. Conclusions Our results indicate that TET can effectively suppress microglial activation and inhibit the production of IL1β and TNFα by regulating the NF-kB and ERK signaling pathways. Together with our previous studies, we suggest that TET would be a promising candidate to effectively suppress overactivated microglia and alleviate neurodegeneration in glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalong Dang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
- Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongsheng Xu
- Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wentao Wu
- Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiyi Li
- Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanran Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (YZ); (CZ)
| | - Chun Zhang
- Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (YZ); (CZ)
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Therapeutically targeting neuroinflammation and microglia after acute ischemic stroke. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:297241. [PMID: 25089266 PMCID: PMC4095830 DOI: 10.1155/2014/297241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation has a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke, and recent studies posit that inflammation acts as a double-edged sword, not only detrimentally augmenting secondary injury, but also potentially promoting recovery. An initial event of inflammation in ischemic stroke is the activation of microglia, leading to production of both pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators acting through multiple receptor signaling pathways. In this review, we discuss the role of microglial mediators in acute ischemic stroke and elaborate on preclinical and clinical studies focused on microglia in stroke models. Understanding how microglia can lead to both pro- and anti-inflammatory responses may be essential to implement therapeutic strategies using immunomodulatory interventions in ischemic stroke.
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Yang XP, Liu TY, Qin XY, Yu LC. Potential protection of 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside against staurosporine-induced toxicity on cultured rat hippocampus neurons. Neurosci Lett 2014; 576:79-83. [PMID: 24887581 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study explored the effect of 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-d-glucoside (THSG) on the staurosporine (STS)-induced toxicity in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. The results showed that administration of 200μM of THSG significantly protected against 0.3μM of STS-induced apoptosis in cultured rat hippocampal neurons tested by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assays. Furthermore, when the Akt signaling pathway was blocked by LY294002, an inhibitor of Phosphatidyl Inositol 3-kinase (PI3K), the protective effects of THSG against STS-induced neurotoxicity were abrogated. We further examined the involvement of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in THSG protection against STS-induced cytotoxicity on cultured neurons and found that administration of THSG significantly inhibited the STS-induced decreases in the content of phosphorylated AKt (p-Akt). Moreover, we found that THSG rescued the down-regulation of B cell lymphoma/lewkmia-2 (Bcl2) and pro-caspase-3 (pro-Csp3) caused by STS in the neurons. These results indicate that THSG protect the cultured rat hippocampal neurons against STS-induced cytotoxicity and the PI3K/Akt signaling and mitochondrial apoptotic pathways are involved in the THSG-induced protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ping Yang
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and State Key Laboratory of Chinese Ethnic Minority Traditional Medicine, College of Life & Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tao-Yan Liu
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and State Key Laboratory of Chinese Ethnic Minority Traditional Medicine, College of Life & Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Qin
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and State Key Laboratory of Chinese Ethnic Minority Traditional Medicine, College of Life & Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Long-Chuan Yu
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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