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Wang W, Gao R, Yan X, Shu W, Zhang X, Zhang W, Zhang L. Relationship between plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels and neurological disorders: An investigation using Mendelian randomisation. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30415. [PMID: 38707431 PMCID: PMC11068855 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Altered brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentrations have been detected in the central nervous system tissues and peripheral blood. These alterations are associated with a series of neurological disorders. Objective To investigate the potential causal relationships between genetically determined plasma BDNF levels and various neurological diseases using a two-sample Mendelian randomisation study. Methods We selected single nucleotide polymorphisms strongly related to plasma BDNF levels as instrumental variables. Within the Mendelian randomisation framework, we used summary-level statistics for exposure (plasma BDNF levels) and outcomes (neurological disorders). Results We observed suggestive evidence of a relation between higher plasma BDNF levels and less risk of nontraumatic intracranial haemorrhage (nITH) (odds ratio [OR] = 0.861, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 0.774-0.958, P = 0.006, PFDR = 0.078), epilepsy (OR = 0.927, 95 % CI: 0.880-0.976, P = 0.004, PFDR = 0.078), focal epilepsy (OR = 0.928, 95 % CI: 0.874-0.986, P = 0.016, PFDR = 0.139), and non-lesional focal epilepsy (OR = 0.981, 95 % CI: 0.964-0.999, P = 0.041, PFDR = 0.267). Combined with the UK Biobank dataset, the association of plasma BDNF levels with nITH remained significant (OR = 0.88, 95 % CI: 0.81-0.96, P < 0.01). The combined analysis of three consortium datasets demonstrated a considerable impact of plasma BDNF on epilepsy (OR = 0.94, 95 % CI: 0.90-0.98, P < 0.01) and a suggestive impact on focal epilepsy (OR = 0.94, 95 % CI: 0.89-0.99, P = 0.02). However, there was no apparent correlation between plasma BDNF levels and other neurological disorders or related subtypes. Conclusions Our study supports a possible causal relationship between elevated plasma BDNF levels and a reduced risk of nITH, epilepsy, and focal epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Runshi Gao
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoming Yan
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Shu
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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2
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Song J. BDNF Signaling in Vascular Dementia and Its Effects on Cerebrovascular Dysfunction, Synaptic Plasticity, and Cholinergic System Abnormality. J Lipid Atheroscler 2024; 13:122-138. [PMID: 38826183 PMCID: PMC11140249 DOI: 10.12997/jla.2024.13.2.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second most common type of dementia and is characterized by memory impairment, blood-brain barrier disruption, neuronal cell loss, glia activation, impaired synaptic plasticity, and cholinergic system abnormalities. To effectively prevent and treat VaD a good understanding of the mechanisms underlying its neuropathology is needed. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is an important neurotrophic factor with multiple functions in the systemic circulation and the central nervous system and is known to regulate neuronal cell survival, synaptic formation, glia activation, and cognitive decline. Recent studies indicate that when compared with normal subjects, patients with VaD have low serum BDNF levels and that BDNF deficiency in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid is an important indicator of VaD. Here, we review current knowledge on the role of BDNF signaling in the pathology of VaD, such as cerebrovascular dysfunction, synaptic dysfunction, and cholinergic system impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhyun Song
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea
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3
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Ali NH, Al‐Kuraishy HM, Al‐Gareeb AI, Alexiou A, Papadakis M, AlAseeri AA, Alruwaili M, Saad HM, Batiha GE. BDNF/TrkB activators in Parkinson's disease: A new therapeutic strategy. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18368. [PMID: 38752280 PMCID: PMC11096816 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder of the brain and is manifested by motor and non-motor symptoms because of degenerative changes in dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra. PD neuropathology is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative damage and apoptosis. Thus, the modulation of mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative damage and apoptosis by growth factors could be a novel boulevard in the management of PD. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor tropomyosin receptor kinase type B (TrkB) are chiefly involved in PD neuropathology. BDNF promotes the survival of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and enhances the functional activity of striatal neurons. Deficiency of the TrkB receptor triggers degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and accumulation of α-Syn in the substantia nigra. As well, BDNF/TrkB signalling is reduced in the early phase of PD neuropathology. Targeting of BDNF/TrkB signalling by specific activators may attenuate PD neuropathology. Thus, this review aimed to discuss the potential role of BDNF/TrkB activators against PD. In conclusion, BDNF/TrkB signalling is decreased in PD and linked with disease severity and long-term complications. Activation of BDNF/TrkB by specific activators may attenuate PD neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naif H. Ali
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical CollegeNajran UniversityNajranSaudi Arabia
| | - Hayder M. Al‐Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of MedicineMustansiriyah UniversityBaghdadIraq
| | | | - Athanasios Alexiou
- University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh UniversityMohaliPunjabIndia
- Department of Research and DevelopmentFunogenAthensGreece
- Department of Research and DevelopmentAFNP MedWienAustria
- Department of Science and EngineeringNovel Global Community Educational FoundationHebershamNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Marios Papadakis
- Department of Surgery IIUniversity Hospital Witten‐Herdecke, University of Witten‐HerdeckeWuppertalGermany
| | - Ali Abdullah AlAseeri
- Department of Internal MedicineCollege of Medicine, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz UniversityAl‐KharjSaudi Arabia
| | - Mubarak Alruwaili
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of MedicineJouf UniversitySakakaSaudi Arabia
| | - Hebatallah M. Saad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineMatrouh UniversityMatrouhEgypt
| | - Gaber El‐Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDamanhour UniversityDamanhourEgypt
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4
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AlRuwaili R, Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Ali NH, Alexiou A, Papadakis M, Saad HM, Batiha GES. The Possible Role of Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor in Epilepsy. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:533-547. [PMID: 38006577 PMCID: PMC10884085 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-04064-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a neurological disease characterized by repeated seizures. Despite of that the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is implicated in the pathogenesis of epileptogenesis and epilepsy, BDNF may have a neuroprotective effect against epilepsy. Thus, the goal of the present review was to highlight the protective and detrimental roles of BDNF in epilepsy. In this review, we also try to find the relation of BDNF with other signaling pathways and cellular processes including autophagy, mTOR pathway, progranulin (PGN), and α-Synuclein (α-Syn) which negatively and positively regulate BDNF/tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB) signaling pathway. Therefore, the assessment of BDNF levels in epilepsy should be related to other neuronal signaling pathways and types of epilepsy in both preclinical and clinical studies. In conclusion, there is a strong controversy concerning the potential role of BDNF in epilepsy. Therefore, preclinical, molecular, and clinical studies are warranted in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raed AlRuwaili
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, ALmustansiriyia University, P.O. Box 14132, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, ALmustansiriyia University, P.O. Box 14132, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Naif H Ali
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical College, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- University Centre for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Chandigarh-Ludhiana Highway, Mohali, Punjab, India
- Department of Research & Development, Funogen, Athens, Greece
- Department of Research & Development, AFNP Med, Wien, 1030, Austria
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW, 2770, Australia
| | - Marios Papadakis
- Department of Surgery II, University Hospital Witten-Herdecke, University of Witten-Herdecke, Heusnerstrasse 40, 42283, Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Hebatallah M Saad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Matrouh, 51744, Egypt.
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, AlBeheira, 22511, Egypt.
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Nikitina MA, Bragina EY, Nazarenko MS, Levchuk LA, Ivanova SA, Boiko AS, Gomboeva DE, Koroleva ES, Alifirova VM. [The relationship between the rs6265 polymorphism of the BDNF gene and the level of serum neurotrophic factor in patients with Parkinson's disease]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2024; 124:114-120. [PMID: 38261293 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2024124011114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical features and the level of serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in groups of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) differentiated by the genotypes of BDNF polymorphism (rs6265). MATERIAL AND METHODS The level of serum BDNF in the biomarkers' multiplex panel of neurodegenerative diseases (HNDG3MAG-36K) was assessed in 134 PD patients. Allele discrimination was carried out by real-time PCR using TaqMan probes for the analysis of BDNF rs6265 polymorphism in groups of patients and controls (n=192) matched for sex, age and ethnicity. RESULTS Comparing the distribution of rs6265 genotypes and alleles between groups of patients and controls no significant differences were found (p>0.05). Serum BDNF levels varied significantly by genotype (rs6265) among PD patients. Minimum mean serum BDNF level (320.1±164.6 pg/ml) was noted for individuals with the AA genotype, which significantly differs from the corresponding indicator among individuals with GA (2944.2±1590.6 pg/ml; p=0.0001) and GG genotypes (2949.4±1620.6 pg/ml; p=3.9×10-5). The concentration of BDNF significantly differed between patients with different forms of PD (p=0.0007) and increased as the stage of the disease progressed according to Hoehn and Yahr staging scale (p=1.0×10-6). CONCLUSION The BDNF rs6265 polymorphism was not associated with the development of PD in the studied population. The variability of the mean serum BDNF level was established depending on the genotype of the BDNF polymorphism in PD patients and a number of clinical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Nikitina
- Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - E Yu Bragina
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics - Tomsk NRMC, Tomsk, Russia
| | - M S Nazarenko
- Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics - Tomsk NRMC, Tomsk, Russia
| | - L A Levchuk
- Mental Health Research Institute - Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - S A Ivanova
- Mental Health Research Institute - Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - A S Boiko
- Mental Health Research Institute - Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - D E Gomboeva
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics - Tomsk NRMC, Tomsk, Russia
| | - E S Koroleva
- Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
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Shen R, Ardianto C, Celia C, Sidharta VM, Sasmita PK, Satriotomo I, Turana Y. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor interplay with oxidative stress: neuropathology approach in potential biomarker of Alzheimer's disease. Dement Neuropsychol 2023; 17:e20230012. [PMID: 38053647 PMCID: PMC10695442 DOI: 10.1590/1980-5764-dn-2023-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aging population poses a serious challenge concerning an increased prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its impact on global burden, morbidity, and mortality. Oxidative stress, as a molecular hallmark that causes susceptibility in AD, interplays to other AD-related neuropathology cascades and decreases the expression of central and circulation brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), an essential neurotrophin that serves as nerve development and survival, and synaptic plasticity in AD. By its significant correlation with the molecular and clinical progression of AD, BDNF can potentially be used as an objectively accurate biomarker for AD diagnosis and progressivity follow-up in future clinical practice. This comprehensive review highlights the oxidative stress interplay with BDNF in AD neuropathology and its potential use as an AD biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Shen
- Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Christian Ardianto
- Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Celia Celia
- Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Veronika Maria Sidharta
- Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Poppy Kristina Sasmita
- Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Irawan Satriotomo
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Department of Neurology, Florida, USA
- Satriotomo Foundation, Indonesia Neuroscience Institute, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Yuda Turana
- Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jakarta, Indonesia
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7
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Wu A, Zhang J. Neuroinflammation, memory, and depression: new approaches to hippocampal neurogenesis. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:283. [PMID: 38012702 PMCID: PMC10683283 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02964-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of most common and severe mental disorders, major depressive disorder (MDD) significantly increases the risks of premature death and other medical conditions for patients. Neuroinflammation is the abnormal immune response in the brain, and its correlation with MDD is receiving increasing attention. Neuroinflammation has been reported to be involved in MDD through distinct neurobiological mechanisms, among which the dysregulation of neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus (HPC) is receiving increasing attention. The DG of the hippocampus is one of two niches for neurogenesis in the adult mammalian brain, and neurotrophic factors are fundamental regulators of this neurogenesis process. The reported cell types involved in mediating neuroinflammation include microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, meningeal leukocytes, and peripheral immune cells which selectively penetrate the blood-brain barrier and infiltrate into inflammatory regions. This review summarizes the functions of the hippocampus affected by neuroinflammation during MDD progression and the corresponding influences on the memory of MDD patients and model animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anbiao Wu
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Jiyan Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China.
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8
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Szota AM, Kowalewska B, Ćwiklińska-Jurkowska M, Dróżdż W. The Influence of Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Plasma Level in Patients with Schizophrenia-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5728. [PMID: 37685795 PMCID: PMC10488522 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12175728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The main aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to establish whether there is a correlation between the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) level and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) treatment and the reduction in psychotic symptoms in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. A systematic search of PubMed/Medline, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus and Embase was conducted up to March 2023. Inclusion criteria: studies in which adult patients with schizophrenia treated with antipsychotic medication received ECT therapy and had the BDNF level measured before and after ECT treatment. Exclusion criteria: animal and in vitro studies or studies not involving complete information about the treatment and concentration of BDNF in plasma. The risk of bias was assessed using Egger's regression-based test for meta-analysis with continuous outcomes. Six studies comprising 248 individuals with schizophrenia were included. A statistically significant increase in BDNF levels after ECT treatment was observed only in two studies (p < 0.001 and p < 0.027, respectively), whereas in four other studies, an upward trend without statistical significance was noticed. The estimated overall size effect revealed that ECT therapy caused a slight change in the BDNF level but without statistical significance (ES = -0.328). Different numbers of ECT procedures (4-10), final measurement of the BDNF level made at a different time point, using bilateral or unilateral electrode positioning during ECT and treatment with different combinations of typical or atypical antipsychotic medications may be potential reasons for the lack of statistical significance in the changes in BDNF levels after treatment. Data regarding the measurement of BDNF levels pre and post ECT therapy in patients with schizophrenia are very limited without an extended follow-up period and evaluation of mental health change. Our meta-analysis showed that treatment with ECT therapy and antipsychotic medication increases serum BDNF levels in patients with drug-resistant schizophrenia compared to patients treated with medication only; however, this effect is not statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Szota
- Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Curie-Skłodowskiej Street 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (B.K.); (W.D.)
| | - Beata Kowalewska
- Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Curie-Skłodowskiej Street 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (B.K.); (W.D.)
| | - Małgorzata Ćwiklińska-Jurkowska
- Department of Biostatistics and Biomedical Systems Theory, Ludwig Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Jagiellońska Street 13-15, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Wiktor Dróżdż
- Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Curie-Skłodowskiej Street 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (B.K.); (W.D.)
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Saida T, Baba H, Maeshima H, Natsume S, Yoshinari N, Shimizu K, Suzuki T. Serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in remission, but not the acute phase, may predict the development from depression to dementia. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2023; 38:e6005. [PMID: 37737671 DOI: 10.1002/gps.6005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Depression may be a risk factor or a prodromal symptom of dementia, and decreased serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) have been observed in both depression and dementia. The aim of the present study was to determine whether serum levels of BDNF in the remitted or acute phase of depression predicted the transition from depression to dementia. METHODS Serum levels of BDNF were measured in the acute phase of depression (n = 204) and after remission (n = 117), and we followed (mean: 24.3 months) the participants to assess the subsequent onset of dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI). RESULTS Serum levels of BDNF after remission, but not those in the acute depressive phase, predicted the future development of dementia or MCI. CONCLUSIONS Patients with low serum BDNF levels, even after depression remission, might have an increased risk of developing dementia. These findings suggest a potential association between residual low serum BDNF levels after remission and the prodromal state of dementia, or the involvement of BDNF in the transition from depression to dementia. However, given that this study is low-powered and preliminary, interpretation of the results should be approached with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Saida
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Center, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Baba
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo Koshigaya Hospital, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Koshigaya, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Maeshima
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo Koshigaya Hospital, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Koshigaya, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Natsume
- Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Center, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoto Yoshinari
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Center, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Shimizu
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo Koshigaya Hospital, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Koshigaya, Japan
| | - Toshihito Suzuki
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo Koshigaya Hospital, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Koshigaya, Japan
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10
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Chatanaka MK, Sohaei D, Diamandis EP, Prassas I. Beyond the amyloid hypothesis: how current research implicates autoimmunity in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2023; 60:398-426. [PMID: 36941789 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2023.2187342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
The amyloid hypothesis has so far been at the forefront of explaining the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that leads to cognitive decline and eventual death. Recent evidence, however, points to additional factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of this disease. These include the neurovascular hypothesis, the mitochondrial cascade hypothesis, the inflammatory hypothesis, the prion hypothesis, the mutational accumulation hypothesis, and the autoimmunity hypothesis. The purpose of this review was to briefly discuss the factors that are associated with autoimmunity in humans, including sex, the gut and lung microbiomes, age, genetics, and environmental factors. Subsequently, it was to examine the rise of autoimmune phenomena in AD, which can be instigated by a blood-brain barrier breakdown, pathogen infections, and dysfunction of the glymphatic system. Lastly, it was to discuss the various ways by which immune system dysregulation leads to AD, immunomodulating therapies, and future directions in the field of autoimmunity and neurodegeneration. A comprehensive account of the recent research done in the field was extracted from PubMed on 31 January 2022, with the keywords "Alzheimer's disease" and "autoantibodies" for the first search input, and "Alzheimer's disease" with "IgG" for the second. From the first search, 19 papers were selected, because they contained recent research on the autoantibodies found in the biofluids of patients with AD. From the second search, four papers were selected. The analysis of the literature has led to support the autoimmune hypothesis in AD. Autoantibodies were found in biofluids (serum/plasma, cerebrospinal fluid) of patients with AD with multiple methods, including ELISA, Mass Spectrometry, and microarray analysis. Through continuous research, the understanding of the synergistic effects of the various components that lead to AD will pave the way for better therapeutic methods and a deeper understanding of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyo K Chatanaka
- Department of Laboratory and Medicine Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Dorsa Sohaei
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Eleftherios P Diamandis
- Department of Laboratory and Medicine Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ioannis Prassas
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
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11
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Olczak M, Poniatowski ŁA, Siwińska A, Kwiatkowska M. Post-mortem detection of neuronal and astroglial biochemical markers in serum and urine for diagnostics of traumatic brain injury. Int J Legal Med 2023; 137:1441-1452. [PMID: 37272985 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-023-02990-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Currently available epidemiological data shows that traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents one of the leading causes of death that is associated with medico-legal practice, including forensic autopsy, criminological investigation, and neuropathological examination. Attention focused on TBI research is needed to advance its diagnostics in ante- and post-mortem cases with regard to identification and validation of novel biomarkers. Recently, several markers of neuronal, astroglial, and axonal injury have been explored in various biofluids to assess the clinical origin, progression, severity, and prognosis of TBI. Despite clinical usefulness, understanding their diagnostic accuracy could also potentially help translate them either into forensic or medico-legal practice, or both. The aim of this study was to evaluate post-mortem pro-BDNF, NSE, UCHL1, GFAP, S100B, SPTAN1, NFL, MAPT, and MBP levels in serum and urine in TBI cases. The study was performed using cases (n = 40) of fatal head injury and control cases (n = 20) of sudden death. Serum and urine were collected within ∼ 24 h after death and compared using ELISA test. In our study, we observed the elevated concentration levels of GFAP and MAPT in both serum and urine, elevated concentration levels of S100B and SPTAN1 in serum, and decreased concentration levels of pro-BDNF in serum compared to the control group. The obtained results anticipate the possible implementation of performed assays as an interesting tool for forensic and medico-legal investigations regarding TBI diagnosis where the head injury was not supposed to be the direct cause of death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieszko Olczak
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Center for Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Oczki 1, 02-007, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Łukasz A Poniatowski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dietrich-Bonhoeffer-Klinikum, Salvador-Allende-Straße 30, 17036, Neubrandenburg, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Siwińska
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Center for Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Oczki 1, 02-007, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kwiatkowska
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Center for Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Oczki 1, 02-007, Warsaw, Poland
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12
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Firouzan B, Iravanpour F, Abbaszadeh F, Akparov V, Zaringhalam J, Ghasemi R, Maghsoudi N. Dipeptide mimetic of BDNF ameliorates motor dysfunction and striatal apoptosis in 6-OHDA-induced Parkinson's rat model: Considering Akt and MAPKs signaling. Behav Brain Res 2023; 452:114585. [PMID: 37467964 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive and debilitating neurodegenerative disorder associated with motor and non-motor complaints. Dysregulation of neurotrophic factors and related signaling cascades have been reported to be common events in PD which is accompanied by dopaminergic (DA) neuron demise. However, the restoration of neurotrophic factors has several limitations. Bis-(N-monosuccinyl-L-methionyl-L-serine) heptamethylenediamide (BHME) is a dipeptide mimetic of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) with reported anti-oxidant and neuroprotective effects in several experimental models. The current study has investigated the effect of BHME on 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-caused motor anomalies in Wistar rats. In this regard, rats were treated daily with BHME (0.1 or 1 mg/kg) 1 h after 6-OHDA-caused damage until the twelfth day. Afterwards, motor behavior and DA neuron survival were evaluated via behavioral tests and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining, respectively. Moreover, the activity of Akt, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) family, and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio were evaluated by Western blotting. Our results indicated that BHME prevents motor dysfunction and DA cell death following 6-OHDA injection, and this improvement was in parallel with an enhancement in Akt activity, decrement of P38 phosphorylation, along with a reduction in Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. In conclusion, our findings indicated that BHME, as a mimetic of BDNF, can be considered for further research and is a promising therapeutic agent for PD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bita Firouzan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farideh Iravanpour
- Shiraz Neuroscience Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Abbaszadeh
- Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Valery Akparov
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jalal Zaringhalam
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasoul Ghasemi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nader Maghsoudi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Piotrowicz Z, Czuba M, Chalimoniuk M, Langfort J. The Impact of Acute Mild Normobaric Hypoxia and a Single Bout of Exercise to Volitional Exhaustion on Cognitive Performance in Endurance and Strength-Trained Athletes: The role of BDNF, EP-1, Catecholamines and Lactate. J Hum Kinet 2023; 87:77-93. [PMID: 37559758 PMCID: PMC10407317 DOI: 10.5114/jhk/168282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to examine whether a single bout of exercise to volitional exhaustion, performed under moderate normobaric hypoxia (H), would affect psychomotor performance (PP) in differently trained athletes. For this purpose, ten strength-trained (S) athletes, ten endurance-trained (E) athletes and ten healthy men leading a sedentary lifestyle as a control (C) group performed voluntarily two graded exercise tests until volitional exhaustion (EVE) under normoxia (N) and H (FiO2 = 14.7%). We measured the peripheral level of the brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), choice reaction time (CRT) and the number of correct reactions (NCR) as indices of PP. Psychomotor tests were performed at rest, immediately after the EVE and 3 minutes after the EVE. Venous blood samples were collected at rest, immediately after cessation of each EVE, and 1 h after each EVE. The results showed that the EVE significantly (p < 0.05) impaired CRT under N and H, and NCR under H only in the E group. The higher WRmax in the E compared to the S and C groups was associated with a significant (p < 0.005) increase in adrenaline (A) and noradrenaline (NA). There were no significant differences between conditions (N vs. H) in the BDNF at rest and after exercise. The EVE impaired cognitive function only in the E group; higher involvement of the sympathetic nervous system, A and NA may also play a role in this phenomenon. Therefore, it can be concluded that exposure to H did not have a negative impact on CRT or NCR. Moreover, BDNF did not improve cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zofia Piotrowicz
- Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
| | - Miłosz Czuba
- Department of Applied and Clinical Physiology, Collegium Medicum University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Chalimoniuk
- Department of Physical Education and Health in Biała Podlaska, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Biała Podlaska, Poland
| | - Józef Langfort
- Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
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Scott E, Brewer MS, Peralta AL, Issa FA. The Effects of Social Experience on Host Gut Microbiome in Male Zebrafish ( Danio rerio). THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2023; 244:177-189. [PMID: 38457676 DOI: 10.1086/729377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
AbstractAlthough the gut and the brain vastly differ in physiological function, they have been interlinked in a variety of different neurological and behavioral disorders. The bacteria that comprise the gut microbiome communicate and influence the function of various physiological processes within the body, including nervous system function. However, the effects of social experience in the context of dominance and social stress on gut microbiome remain poorly understood. Here, we examined whether social experience impacts the host zebrafish (Danio rerio) gut microbiome. We studied how social dominance during the first 2 weeks of social interactions changed the composition of zebrafish gut microbiome by comparing gut bacterial composition, diversity, and relative abundance between socially dominant, submissive, social isolates and control group-housed communal fish. Using amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, we report that social dominance significantly affects host gut bacterial community composition but not bacterial diversity. At the genus level, Aeromonas and unclassified Enterobacteriaceae relative abundance decreased in dominant individuals while commensal bacteria (e.g., Exiguobacterium and Cetobacterium) increased in relative abundance. Conversely, the relative abundance of Psychrobacter and Acinetobacter was increased in subordinates, isolates, and communal fish compared to dominant fish. The shift in commensal and pathogenic bacteria highlights the impact of social experience and the accompanying stress on gut microbiome, with potentially similar effects in other social organisms.
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Nikolac Perkovic M, Borovecki F, Filipcic I, Vuic B, Milos T, Nedic Erjavec G, Konjevod M, Tudor L, Mimica N, Uzun S, Kozumplik O, Svob Strac D, Pivac N. Relationship between Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Cognitive Decline in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030570. [PMID: 36979505 PMCID: PMC10046678 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, increasing evidence has emerged linking alterations in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression with the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Because of the important role of BDNF in cognition and its association with AD pathogenesis, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential difference in plasma BDNF concentrations between subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI; N = 209) and AD patients (N = 295) and to determine the possible association between BDNF plasma levels and the degree of cognitive decline in these individuals. The results showed a significantly higher (p < 0.001) concentration of plasma BDNF in subjects with AD (1.16; 0.13-21.34) compared with individuals with MCI (0.68; 0.02-19.14). The results of the present study additionally indicated a negative correlation between cognitive functions and BDNF plasma concentrations, suggesting higher BDNF levels in subjects with more pronounced cognitive decline. The correlation analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between BDNF plasma levels and both Mini-Mental State Examination (p < 0.001) and Clock Drawing test (p < 0.001) scores. In conclusion, the results of our study point towards elevated plasma BDNF levels in AD patients compared with MCI subjects, which may be due to the body's attempt to counteract the early and middle stages of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matea Nikolac Perkovic
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Fran Borovecki
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Igor Filipcic
- Psychiatric Hospital "Sveti Ivan", 10090 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Barbara Vuic
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tina Milos
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordana Nedic Erjavec
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marcela Konjevod
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lucija Tudor
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ninoslav Mimica
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department for Biological Psychiatry and Psychogeriatrics, University Psychiatric Hospital Vrapče, 10090 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Suzana Uzun
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department for Biological Psychiatry and Psychogeriatrics, University Psychiatric Hospital Vrapče, 10090 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Oliver Kozumplik
- Department for Biological Psychiatry and Psychogeriatrics, University Psychiatric Hospital Vrapče, 10090 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dubravka Svob Strac
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nela Pivac
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- University of Applied Sciences Hrvatsko Zagorje Krapina, 49000 Krapina, Croatia
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16
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Thakkar B, Acevedo EO. BDNF as a biomarker for neuropathic pain: Consideration of mechanisms of action and associated measurement challenges. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e2903. [PMID: 36722793 PMCID: PMC10013954 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The primary objective of this paper is to (1) provide a summary of human studies that have used brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as a biomarker, (2) review animal studies that help to elucidate the mechanistic involvement of BDNF in the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain (NP), and (3) provide a critique of the existing measurement techniques to highlight the limitations of the methods utilized to quantify BDNF in different biofluids in the blood (i.e., serum and plasma) with the intention of presenting a case for the most reliable and valid technique. Lastly, this review also explores potential moderators that can influence the measurement of BDNF and provides recommendations to standardize its quantification to reduce the inconsistencies across studies. METHODS In this manuscript we examined the literature on BDNF, focusing on its role as a biomarker, its mechanism of action in NP, and critically analyzed its measurement in serum and plasma to identify factors that contribute to the discrepancy in results between plasma and serum BDNF values. RESULTS A large heterogenous literature was reviewed that detailed BDNF's utility as a potential biomarker in healthy volunteers, patients with chronic pain, and patients with neuropsychiatric disorders but demonstrated inconsistent findings. The literature provides insight into the mechanism of action of BDNF at different levels of the central nervous system using animal studies. We identified multiple factors that influence the measurement of BDNF in serum and plasma and based on current evidence, we recommend assessing serum BDNF levels to quantify peripheral BDNF as they are more stable and sensitive to changes than plasma BDNF. CONCLUSION Although mechanistic studies clearly explain the role of BDNF, results from human studies are inconsistent. More studies are needed to evaluate the methodological challenges in using serum BDNF as a biomarker in NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhushan Thakkar
- Department of Physical Therapy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Edmund O Acevedo
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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17
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Thela L, Decloedt E, Zetterberg H, Gisslén M, Lesosky M, Gleich M, Koutsilieri E, Scheller C, Hye A, Joska J. Blood and cerebrospinal fluid biomarker changes in patients with HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment treated with lithium: analysis from a randomised placebo-controlled trial. J Neurovirol 2023; 29:156-166. [PMID: 36790601 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-023-01116-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) persist in the era of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Thus, ART does not completely halt or reverse the pathological processes behind HAND. Adjuvant mitigating treatments are, therefore, prudent. Lithium treatment is known to promote neuronal brain-derived neurotrophic factors (BDNF). Lithium is also an inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3-β). We analyzed biomarkers obtained from participants in a randomized placebo-controlled trial of lithium in ART-treated individuals with moderate or severe HAND. We assayed markers at baseline and 24 weeks across several pathways hypothesized to be affected by HIV, inflammation, or degeneration. Investigated biomarkers included dopamine, BDNF, neurofilament light chain, and CD8 + lymphocyte activation (CD38 + HLADR +). Alzheimer's Disease (AD) biomarkers included soluble amyloid precursor protein alpha and beta (sAPPα/β), Aβ38, 40, 42, and ten other biomarkers validated as predictors of mild cognitive impairment and progression in previous studies. These include apolipoprotein C3, pre-albumin, α1-acid glycoprotein, α1-antitrypsin, PEDF, CC4, ICAM-1, RANTES, clusterin, and cystatin c. We recruited 61 participants (placebo = 31; lithium = 30). The age baseline mean was 40 (± 8.35) years and the median CD4 + T-cell count was 498 (IQR: 389-651) cells/μL. Biomarker concentrations between groups did not differ at baseline. However, both groups' blood dopamine levels decreased significantly after 24 weeks (adj. p < 002). No other marker was significantly different between groups, and we concluded that lithium did not confer neuroprotection following 24 weeks of treatment. However, the study was limited in duration and sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindokuhle Thela
- HIV Mental Health Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, E Floor, Neuroscience Centre, Anzio Road, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Eric Decloedt
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK.,Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Magnus Gisslén
- Department of Infectious Disease, Institute of Biomedicine, the Sahlngreska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Infectious Disease, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maia Lesosky
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Melanie Gleich
- Institute of Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Eleni Koutsilieri
- Institute of Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Scheller
- Institute of Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Abdul Hye
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK
| | - John Joska
- HIV Mental Health Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, E Floor, Neuroscience Centre, Anzio Road, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
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18
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Gabryelska A, Turkiewicz S, Ditmer M, Sochal M. Neurotrophins in the Neuropathophysiology, Course, and Complications of Obstructive Sleep Apnea-A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:1808. [PMID: 36768132 PMCID: PMC9916304 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a disorder characterized by chronic intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation due to recurring airway collapse during sleep. It is highly prevalent in modern societies, and due to its pleiotropic influence on the organism and numerous sequelae, it burdens patients and physicians. Neurotrophins (NTs), proteins that modulate the functioning and development of the central nervous system, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), have been associated with OSA, primarily due to their probable involvement in offsetting the decline in cognitive functions which accompanies OSA. However, NTs influence multiple aspects of biological functioning, such as immunity. Thus, extensive evaluation of their role in OSA might enlighten the mechanism behind some of its elusive features, such as the increased risk of developing an immune-mediated disease or the association of OSA with cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we examine the interactions between NTs and OSA and discuss their contribution to OSA pathophysiology, complications, as well as comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Gabryelska
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland
| | | | | | - Marcin Sochal
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland
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Warpechowski M, Warpechowski J, Kulczyńska-Przybik A, Mroczko B. Biomarkers of Activity-Dependent Plasticity and Persistent Enhancement of Synaptic Transmission in Alzheimer Disease: A Review of the Current Status. Med Sci Monit 2023; 29:e938826. [PMID: 36600577 PMCID: PMC9832729 DOI: 10.12659/msm.938826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a chronic and heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder characterized by complex pathological processes involving neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and synaptic dysfunction. Understanding the exact neurobiological mechanisms underlying AD pathology may help to provide a biomarker for early diagnosis or at least for assessment of vulnerability to dementia development. Neural plasticity is defined as a capability of the brain to respond to alterations including aging, injury, or learning, with a crucial role of synaptic elements. Long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) are important in regulating synaptic connections between neural cells in functional plasticity. Synaptic loss and impairment of the brain's plasticity in AD leads to cognitive impairment, and one of important roles of synaptic biomarkers is monitoring synaptic dysfunction, response to treatment, and predicting future development of AD. Synaptic biomarkers are undoubtedly very promising in developing novel approach to AD treatment and control, especially in the era of aging of societies, which is one of the most common risk factor of AD. Implementing a widespread measurement of synaptic biomarkers of AD will probably be crucial in early diagnosis of AD, early therapeutic intervention, monitoring progression of the disease, or response to treatment. One of the most important challenges is finding a biomarker whose blood concentration correlates with its level in the central nervous system (CNS). This review aims to present the current status of biomarkers of activity-dependent plasticity and persistent enhancement of synaptic transmission in Alzheimer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Warpechowski
- Department of Statistics and Medical Informatics, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | | | | | - Barbara Mroczko
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland,Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, University Hospital of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
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20
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Abstract
Gut microbiota and fecal bile acids were analyzed in 278 patients with α-synucleinopathies, which were comprised of 28 patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), 224 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), and 26 patients with idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD). Similarly to PD, short-chain fatty acids-producing genera were decreased in DLB. Additionally, Ruminococcus torques and Collinsella were increased in DLB, which were not changed in PD. Random forest models to differentiate DLB and PD showed that high Ruminococcus torques and high Collinsella, which presumably increase intestinal permeability, as well as low Bifidobacterium, which are also observed in Alzheimer's disease, were predictive of DLB. As Ruminococcus torques and Collinsella are also major secondary bile acids-producing bacteria, we quantified fecal bile acids and found that the production of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) was high in DLB. Increased UDCA in DLB may mitigate neuroinflammation at the substantia nigra, whereas neuroinflammation may not be critical at the neocortex. Theraeutic intervention to increase Bifidobacteirum and its metabolites may retard the development and progression of DLB.
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Alomari MA, Khalil H, Khabour OF, Alzoubi KH. Lipid profile in Parkinson's disease: The potential role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Life Sci 2022; 311:121144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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22
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Domitrovic Spudic S, Nikolac Perkovic M, Uzun S, Nedic Erjavec G, Kozumplik O, Svob Strac D, Mimica N, Pivac N. Reduced plasma BDNF concentration and cognitive decline in veterans with PTSD. Psychiatry Res 2022; 316:114772. [PMID: 35961151 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a trauma and stress related disorder frequently associated with cognitive decline. War veterans with PTSD have a higher risk of developing dementia than healthy subjects. Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is an important protein that modulates plasticity, memory consolidation and cognitive processes. Lower circulating BDNF levels were related to memory impairment and cognitive deterioration. The aim of this study was to evaluate cognitive deterioration and plasma BDNF concentration in 120 veterans with combat related PTSD, 120 healthy controls, 47 subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 76 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and to assess if plasma BDNF concentration might be used as biomarker of cognitive deterioration. Veterans with PTSD had significantly decreased plasma BDNF concentration and worse cognitive performances (assessed using the Mini Mental State Examination, Clock Drawing test and Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores/categories) than healthy subjects, and similarly reduced plasma BDNF and cognitive decline as MCI subjects. Reduced plasma BDNF was found in cognitively impaired subjects. These results suggest that veterans with PTSD should be closely monitored in order to early detect and predict cognitive worsening and promote interventions that might help restore blood BDNF levels and cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matea Nikolac Perkovic
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Suzana Uzun
- Department for Biological Psychiatry and Psychogeriatrics, University Psychiatric Hospital Vrapce, 10090 Zagreb, Croatia; School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordana Nedic Erjavec
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Oliver Kozumplik
- Department for Biological Psychiatry and Psychogeriatrics, University Psychiatric Hospital Vrapce, 10090 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dubravka Svob Strac
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ninoslav Mimica
- Department for Biological Psychiatry and Psychogeriatrics, University Psychiatric Hospital Vrapce, 10090 Zagreb, Croatia; School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nela Pivac
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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23
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Agh F, Hasani M, Khazdouz M, Amiri F, Heshmati J, Aryaeian N. The Effect of Zinc Supplementation on Circulating Levels of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Int J Prev Med 2022; 13:117. [PMID: 36276891 PMCID: PMC9580557 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_478_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about the zinc supplementation effect on circulating levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). However, the findings of these studies are inconsistent. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the zinc supplementation effect on BDNF and zinc levels in published RCTs. Methods We searched PubMed/Medline, Cochrane, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, EMBASE, "Clinicaltrials.gov", "Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials", "IRCT" and also key journals up to 2019. RCTs with two intervention (zinc) and control (placebo) groups that evaluated zinc supplementation efficacy on BDNF levels were included. Study heterogeneity was assessed, and then, meta-analysis was performed using the fixed-effects model. Results Four studies were included in the present secondary analysis. Compared with placebo, zinc supplementation significantly enhanced circulating levels of BDNF [(SMD): 0.31, 95% confidence interval (CI): (0.22, 0.61)] and zinc [(SMD): 0.88, 95% CI: (0.54, 1.22)] with no considerable heterogeneity among the studies [(Q = 3.46; P = 0.32; I2% = 13.4); (Q = 2.01; P = 0, 37; I2% = 0.5), respectively]. Conclusions Our results propose that zinc supplementation can increase the circulating levels of BDNF and zinc. This study was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42020149513.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Agh
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Motahareh Hasani
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Khazdouz
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemehsadat Amiri
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Heshmati
- Department of Nutritional Science, School of Nutritional Science and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Naheed Aryaeian
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Address for correspondence: Dr. Naheed Aryaeian, Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Hemmat Highway, Tehran, Iran. E-mail:
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Bazzari AH, Bazzari FH. BDNF Therapeutic Mechanisms in Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158417. [PMID: 35955546 PMCID: PMC9368938 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is the most abundant neurotrophin in the adult brain and functions as both a primary neurotrophic signal and a neuromodulator. It serves essential roles in neuronal development, maintenance, transmission, and plasticity, thereby influencing aging, cognition, and behavior. Accumulating evidence associates reduced central and peripheral BDNF levels with various neuropsychiatric disorders, supporting its potential utilization as a biomarker of central pathologies. Subsequently, extensive research has been conducted to evaluate restoring, or otherwise augmenting, BDNF transmission as a potential therapeutic approach. Promising results were indeed observed for genetic BDNF upregulation or exogenous administration using a multitude of murine models of neurological and psychiatric diseases. However, varying mechanisms have been proposed to underlie the observed therapeutic effects, and many findings indicate the engagement of disease-specific and other non-specific mechanisms. This is because BDNF essentially affects all aspects of neuronal cellular function through tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) receptor signaling, the disruptions of which vary between brain regions across different pathologies leading to diversified consequences on cognition and behavior. Herein, we review the neurophysiology of BDNF transmission and signaling and classify the converging and diverging molecular mechanisms underlying its therapeutic potentials in neuropsychiatric disorders. These include neuroprotection, synaptic maintenance, immunomodulation, plasticity facilitation, secondary neuromodulation, and preservation of neurovascular unit integrity and cellular viability. Lastly, we discuss several findings suggesting BDNF as a common mediator of the therapeutic actions of centrally acting pharmacological agents used in the treatment of neurological and psychiatric illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad H. Bazzari
- Faculty of Medicine, Arab American University, 13 Zababdeh, Jenin 240, Palestine
- Correspondence:
| | - Firas H. Bazzari
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Arab American University, 13 Zababdeh, Jenin 240, Palestine;
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Szarowicz CA, Steece-Collier K, Caulfield ME. New Frontiers in Neurodegeneration and Regeneration Associated with Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and the rs6265 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23148011. [PMID: 35887357 PMCID: PMC9319713 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23148011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor is an extensively studied neurotrophin implicated in the pathology of multiple neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders including, but not limited to, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease, traumatic brain injury, major de-pressive disorder, and schizophrenia. Here we provide a brief summary of current knowledge on the role of BDNF and the common human single nucleotide polymorphism, rs6265, in driving the pathogenesis and rehabilitation in these disorders, as well as the status of BDNF-targeted therapies. A common trend has emerged correlating low BDNF levels, either detected within the central nervous system or peripherally, to disease states, suggesting that BDNF replacement therapies may hold clinical promise. In addition, we introduce evidence for a distinct role of the BDNF pro-peptide as a biologically active ligand and the need for continuing studies on its neurological function outside of that as a molecular chaperone. Finally, we highlight the latest research describing the role of rs6265 expression in mechanisms of neurodegeneration as well as paradoxical advances in the understanding of this genetic variant in neuroregeneration. All of this is discussed in the context of personalized medicine, acknowledging there is no “one size fits all” therapy for neurodegenerative or psychiatric disorders and that continued study of the multiple BDNF isoforms and genetic variants represents an avenue for discovery ripe with therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlye A. Szarowicz
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA; (C.A.S.); (K.S.-C.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Kathy Steece-Collier
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA; (C.A.S.); (K.S.-C.)
| | - Margaret E. Caulfield
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA; (C.A.S.); (K.S.-C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-616-234-0969; Fax: +1- 616-234-0991
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Xue B, Waseem SMA, Zhu Z, Alshahrani MA, Nazam N, Anjum F, Habib AH, Rafeeq MM, Nazam F, Sharma M. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor: A Connecting Link Between Nutrition, Lifestyle, and Alzheimer’s Disease. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:925991. [PMID: 35692417 PMCID: PMC9177140 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.925991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) involving tropomyosin kinase B and low affinity p75 neurotropin receptors is the most abundant and researched neurotropins in mammal’s brain. It is one of the potential targets for therapeutics in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) owing to its key role in synaptic plasticity. Low levels of BDNF are implicated in the pathophysiology of neurological diseases including AD. However, a healthy lifestyle, exercise, and dietary modifications are shown to positively influence insulin regulation in the brain, reduce inflammation, and up-regulate the levels of BDNF, and are thus expected to have roles in AD. In this review, the relationship between BDNF, mental health, and AD is discussed. Insights into the interrelationships between nutrition, lifestyle, and environment with BDNF and possible roles in AD are also provided in the review. The review sheds light on the possible new therapeutic targets in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xue
- School of Engineering, Guangzhou College of Technology and Business, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Zhixin Zhu
- School of Engineering, Guangzhou College of Technology and Business, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mohammed A. Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nazia Nazam
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Farah Anjum
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Hamed Habib
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Misbahuddin M. Rafeeq
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fauzia Nazam
- Section of Psychology, Women’s College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Monika Sharma
- Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
- *Correspondence: Monika Sharma,
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Li C, Pang D, Lin J, Yang T, Shang H. Shared genetic links between frontotemporal dementia and psychiatric disorders. BMC Med 2022; 20:131. [PMID: 35509074 PMCID: PMC9069762 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02335-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological and clinical studies have suggested comorbidity between frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and psychiatric disorders. FTD patients carrying specific mutations were at higher risk for some psychiatric disorders, and vice versa, implying potential shared genetic etiology, which is still less explored. METHODS We examined the genetic correlation using summary statistics from genome-wide association studies and analyzed their genetic enrichment leveraging the conditional false discovery rate method. Furthermore, we explored the causal association between FTD and psychiatric disorders with Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. RESULTS We identified a significant genetic correlation between FTD and schizophrenia at both genetic and transcriptomic levels. Meanwhile, robust genetic enrichment was observed between FTD and schizophrenia and alcohol use disorder. Seven shared genetic loci were identified, which were mainly involved in interleukin-induced signaling, synaptic vesicle, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling pathways. By integrating cis-expression quantitative trait loci analysis, we identified MAPT and CADM2 as shared risk genes. MR analysis showed mutual causation between FTD and schizophrenia with nominal association. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide evidence of shared etiology between FTD and schizophrenia and indicate potential common molecular mechanisms contributing to the overlapping pathophysiological and clinical characteristics. Our results also demonstrate the essential role of autoimmunity in these diseases. These findings provide a better understanding of the pleiotropy between FTD and psychiatric disorders and have implications for therapeutic trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Li
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Dejiang Pang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Junyu Lin
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Tianmi Yang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Huifang Shang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Assogna M, Sprugnoli G, Press D, Dickerson B, Macone J, Bonnì S, Borghi I, Connor A, Hoffman M, Grover N, Wong B, Shen C, Martorana A, O'Reilly M, Ruffini G, El Fakhri G, Koch G, Santarnecchi E. Gamma-induction in frontotemporal dementia (GIFTeD) randomized placebo-controlled trial: Rationale, noninvasive brain stimulation protocol, and study design. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2022; 7:e12219. [PMID: 35141396 PMCID: PMC8813035 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a neurodegenerative disorder for which there is no effective pharmacological treatment. Recently, interneuron activity responsible for fast oscillatory brain activity has been found to be impaired in a mouse model of FTD with consequent cognitive and behavioral alterations. In this study, we aim to investigate the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of a novel promising therapeutic intervention for FTD based on 40 Hz transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), a form of non-invasive brain stimulation thought to engage neural activity in a frequency-specific manner and thus suited to restore altered brain oscillatory patterns. METHODS This is a multi-site, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial on 50 patients with a diagnosis of behavioral variant FTD (bvFTD). Participants will be randomized to undergo either 30 days of 1-hour daily tACS or Sham (placebo) tACS. The outcomes will be assessed at baseline, right after the intervention and at a 3- to 6-months follow-up. The primary outcome measures are represented by the safety and feasibility of tACS administration, which will be assessed considering the nature, frequency, and severity of adverse events as well as attrition rate, respectively. To assess secondary outcomes, participants will undergo extensive neuropsychological and behavioral assessments and fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) scans to evaluate changes in brain metabolism, functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), resting and evoked electroencephalography, as well as blood biomarkers to measure changes in neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory markers. RESULTS The trial started in October 2020 and will end in October 2023. Study protocols have been approved by the local institutional review board (IRB) at each data-collection site. DISCUSSION This study will evaluate the safety and tolerability of 40 Hz tACS in bvFTD patients and its efficacy on gamma oscillatory activity, cognitive function, and brain glucose hypometabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Assogna
- Berenson‐Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain StimulationBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Non‐Invasive Brain Stimulation UnitDepartment of Behavioural and Clinical NeurologySanta Lucia Foundation IRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Giulia Sprugnoli
- Berenson‐Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain StimulationBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Radiology UnitDepartment of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of ParmaParmaItaly
| | - Daniel Press
- Berenson‐Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain StimulationBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Brad Dickerson
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit and Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterDepartments of Psychiatry and NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Joanna Macone
- Berenson‐Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain StimulationBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Sonia Bonnì
- Non‐Invasive Brain Stimulation UnitDepartment of Behavioural and Clinical NeurologySanta Lucia Foundation IRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Ilaria Borghi
- Non‐Invasive Brain Stimulation UnitDepartment of Behavioural and Clinical NeurologySanta Lucia Foundation IRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Ann Connor
- Berenson‐Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain StimulationBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Megan Hoffman
- Berenson‐Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain StimulationBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Nainika Grover
- Berenson‐Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain StimulationBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Bonnie Wong
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit and Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterDepartments of Psychiatry and NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Changyu Shen
- Richard and Susan Smith Center for Outcomes Research in CardiologyDivision of CardiologyBeth Israel Deaconess Medical and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Molly O'Reilly
- Berenson‐Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain StimulationBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Georges El Fakhri
- Gordon Center for Medical ImagingDepartment of RadiologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Giacomo Koch
- Non‐Invasive Brain Stimulation UnitDepartment of Behavioural and Clinical NeurologySanta Lucia Foundation IRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Emiliano Santarnecchi
- Berenson‐Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain StimulationBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Gordon Center for Medical ImagingDepartment of RadiologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
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Fazeli PL, Woods SP, Lambert CC, Li W, Hopkins CN, Vance DE. Differential Associations Between BDNF and Memory Across Older Black and White Adults With HIV Disease. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2022; 89:129-135. [PMID: 34629411 PMCID: PMC8752478 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000002831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) shows consistent associations with memory across many clinical populations, including dementia. Less is understood about the association between BDNF and memory functioning in people living with HIV (PWH). METHODS A sample of 173 adults aged 50+ (n = 100 HIV+ and n = 73 HIV seronegative) completed a comprehensive neurobehavioral assessment and blood draw. Linear regressions predicting memory domains (learning, delayed recall, and recognition) were conducted including race (White vs. Black/African American), HIV status, BDNF, and their interactions. RESULTS For learning and delayed recall, significant (P < 0.05) main effects for race and interactions for BDNF x race and HIV status x race were found, whereas for recognition, only a BDNF x race interaction emerged. In adjusted models, BDNF x race interactions remained for learning and delayed recall. To determine effect size, correlations were conducted between BDNF and memory domains stratified by HIV serostatus and race, and small-medium associations between BDNF and learning and delayed recall (rho = 0.29, P < 0.01; rho = 0.22, P = 0.045), but no recognition (rho = 0.12, P = 0.29) were found among Black/African American PWH. BDNF was not significantly associated with memory domains in White PWH or either HIV- sample. Follow-up analyses showed BDNF-memory specificity, such that race X BDNF interactions did not emerge for other cognitive domains. CONCLUSIONS While limited by cross-sectional design among a small sample, particularly of White individuals, results indicate that BDNF may serve as a promising biomarker reflecting memory functioning in PWH, particularly Black/African Americans. Further work is needed to replicate findings and determine mechanisms for racial differences in BDNF associations with memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pariya L. Fazeli
- School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | | | | | - Wei Li
- School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Cierra N. Hopkins
- School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - David E. Vance
- School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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Lan Z, Chen Y, Jin J, Xu Y, Zhu X. Long Non-coding RNA: Insight Into Mechanisms of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 14:821002. [PMID: 35095418 PMCID: PMC8795976 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.821002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder, is the most common cause of dementia accounting for an estimated 60–80% of cases. The pathogenesis of AD remains unclear, and no curative treatment is available so far. Increasing evidence has revealed a vital role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), especially long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), in AD. LncRNAs contribute to the pathogenesis of AD via modulating amyloid production, Tau hyperphosphorylation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, synaptic impairment and neuroinflammation. This review describes the biological functions and mechanisms of lncRNAs in AD, indicating that lncRNAs may provide potential therapeutic targets for the diagnosis and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Lan
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanting Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiali Jin
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaolei Zhu
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Fiore M, Petrella C, Coriale G, Rosso P, Fico E, Ralli M, Greco A, De Vincentiis M, Minni A, Polimeni A, Vitali M, Messina MP, Ferraguti G, Tarani F, de Persis S, Ceccanti M, Tarani L. Markers of Neuroinflammation in the Serum of Prepubertal Children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2022; 21:854-868. [PMID: 34852752 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666211201154839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) are the manifestation of the damage caused by alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Children with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS), the extreme FASD manifestation, show both facial dysmorphology and mental retardation. Alcohol consumed during gestational age prejudices brain development by reducing, among others, the synthesis and release of neurotrophic factors and neuroinflammatory markers. Alcohol drinking also induces oxidative stress. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to investigate the potential association between neurotrophins, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress in 12 prepubertal male and female FASD children diagnosed as FAS or partial FAS (pFAS). METHODS Accordingly, we analyzed, in the serum, the level of BDNF and NGF and the oxidative stress, as Free Oxygen Radicals Test (FORT) and Free Oxygen Radicals Defense (FORD). Moreover, serum levels of inflammatory mediators (IL-1α, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, MCP-1, TGF-β, and TNF-α) involved in neuroinflammatory and oxidative processes have been investigated. RESULTS We demonstrated low serum levels of NGF and BDNF in pre-pubertal FASD children with respect to healthy controls. These changes were associated with higher serum presence of TNF- α and IL-1α. Quite interestingly, an elevation in the FORD was also found despite normal FORT levels. Moreover, we found a potentiation of IL-1α, IL-2, IL-10, and IL-1α1 in the analyzed female compared to male children. CONCLUSION The present investigation shows an imbalance in the peripheral neuroimmune pathways that could be used in children as early biomarkers of the deficits observed in FASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Fiore
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, IBBC-CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Petrella
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, IBBC-CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Coriale
- Centro Riferimento Alcologico Regione Lazio, ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Pamela Rosso
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, IBBC-CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Fico
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, IBBC-CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Ralli
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Greco
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Minni
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Polimeni
- Department of Odontostomatological and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Francesca Tarani
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapienza University Hospital of Rome, Italy
| | | | - Mauro Ceccanti
- SITAC, Societa' Italiana per il Trattamento dell'Alcolismo, Roma Italy SIFASD, Società Italiana Sindrome Feto-Alcolica, Roma, Italy
| | - Luigi Tarani
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapienza University Hospital of Rome, Italy
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Martínez-Iglesias O, Naidoo V, Cacabelos N, Cacabelos R. Epigenetic Biomarkers as Diagnostic Tools for Neurodegenerative Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:13. [PMID: 35008438 PMCID: PMC8745005 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene expression that occur without alterations to the DNA sequence, linking the genome to its surroundings. The accumulation of epigenetic alterations over the lifespan may contribute to neurodegeneration. The aim of the present study was to identify epigenetic biomarkers for improving diagnostic efficacy in patients with neurodegenerative diseases. We analyzed global DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling/histone modifications, sirtuin (SIRT) expression and activity, and the expression of several important neurodegeneration-related genes. DNA methylation, SIRT expression and activity and neuregulin 1 (NRG1), microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression were reduced in buffy coat samples from patients with neurodegenerative disorders. Our data suggest that these epigenetic biomarkers may be useful in clinical practical for the diagnosis, surveillance, and prognosis of disease activity in patients with neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaia Martínez-Iglesias
- EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, Bergondo, 15165 Corunna, Spain; (V.N.); (N.C.); (R.C.)
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Effect of Tempeh on Gut Microbiota and Anti-Stress Activity in Zebrafish. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312660. [PMID: 34884465 PMCID: PMC8658004 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhizopus oryzae is a fungus used to ferment tempeh in Indonesia and is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for human consumption by the USA FDA. We previously assessed the effect of a tempeh extract on cortisol levels in zebrafish but did not include behavioral studies. Here, we measured the GABA content in three strains of Rhizopus oryzae, two isolated by us (MHU 001 and MHU 002) and one purchased. We then investigated the effect of tempeh on cortisol and the gut microbiota in a zebrafish experimental model. GABA concentration was the highest in MHU 002 (9.712 ± 0.404 g kg−1) followed by our MHU 001 strain and the purchased one. The fish were divided into one control group fed a normal diet and three experimental groups fed soybean tempeh fermented with one of the three strains of Rhizopus oryzae. After two weeks, individual fish were subjected to unpredicted chronic stress using the novel tank diving test and the tank light–dark test. Next-generation sequencing was used to analyze gut microbial communities and RT-PCR to analyze the expression of BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) gene and of other genes involved in serotonin signaling/metabolism in gut and brain. Tempeh-fed zebrafish exhibited increased exploratory behavior (less stress) in both tank tests. They also had significantly reduced gut Proteobacteria (include E. coli) (51.90% vs. 84.97%) and significantly increased gut Actinobacteria (include Bifidobacterium spp.) (1.80% vs. 0.79%). The content of Bifidobacteriumadolescentis, a “psychobiotic”, increased ten-fold from 0.04% to 0.45%. Tempeh also increases BDNF levels in zebrafish brain. Rhizopus oryzae MHU 001 greatly improved the anti-stress effect of tempeh and microbiota composition in zebrafish gut.
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Yi X, Yang Y, Zhao Z, Xu M, Zhang Y, Sheng Y, Tian J, Xu Z. Serum mBDNF and ProBDNF Expression Levels as Diagnosis Clue for Early Stage Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurol 2021; 12:680765. [PMID: 34456846 PMCID: PMC8385195 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.680765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common chronic, progressive, and neurodegenerative diseases characterized clinically by resting tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, and postural instability. As this disease is usually detected in the later stages, the cure is often delayed, ultimately leading to disability due to the lack of early diagnostic techniques. Therefore, it is of great importance to identify reliable biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity for the early diagnosis of PD. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether serum expressions of mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor (mBDNF) and proBDNF can serve as biomarkers for the diagnosis of PD at early stage. One hundred and fifty-six patients with limb tremor and/or bradykinesia meeting the inclusion criteria were assigned to either ex-PD group (PD cases) or ex-NPD group (non-PD cases) and then reassigned to either po-PD group (with PD) or po-NPD group (without PD) at 1-year follow-up based on the results of the rediagnoses as performed in accordance with MDS Parkinson's diagnostic criteria. To improve early diagnostic accuracy, grouping (PD group and non-PD group) at initial visit and follow-up was performed differently and independently. Serum mBDNF and proBDNF levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The results demonstrated that serum levels of mBDNF and mBDNF/proBDNF were significantly lower in the ex-PD group (19.73 ± 7.31 and 0.09 ± 0.05 ng/ml) as compared with the ex-NPD group (23.47 ± 8.21 and 0.15 ± 0.12 ng/ml) (p < 0.01 for both) and in the po-PD group (19.24 ± 7.20 and 0.09 ± 0.05 ng/ml) as compared with the po-NPD group (25.05 ± 7.67 and 0.16 ± 0.14 ng/ml) (p < 0.01 for both). However, a significantly higher serum level of proBDNF was noted in the ex-PD group (235.49 ± 60.75 ng/ml) as compared with the ex-NPD group (191.75 ± 66.12 ng/ml) (p < 0.01) and in the po-PD group (235.56 ± 60.80 ng/ml) as compared with the po-NPD group (188.42 ± 65.08 ng/ml) (p < 0.01). In conclusion, mBDNF/proBDNF can be used as biomarkers for early stage Parkinson's disease; in addition, mBDNF plus proBDNF has better diagnostic value than mBDNF alone in the diagnosis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yi
- Department of Neurology and Center for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yujia Yang
- Department of Neurology and Center for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengfan Zhao
- Department of Neurology and Center for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Manyu Xu
- Department of Neurology and Center for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Center for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yingying Sheng
- Department of Neurology and Center for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junying Tian
- Department of Foreign Language, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Xu
- Department of Neurology and Center for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Zhang Y, Zhou L, Lian H, Zhang Y, Tong S, Wang Z. Dopamine receptor 2 downregulation and brain-derived neurotrophic factor upregulation in the paraventricular nucleus are correlated with brown adipose tissue thermogenesis in rats with bilateral substantia nigra lesions. J Chem Neuroanat 2021; 117:102016. [PMID: 34454019 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2021.102016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The thermogenesis resulting from brown adipose tissue (BAT)-induced energy consumption is an important method of energy regulation. It has been reported that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-positive neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) can regulate adaptive thermogenesis in interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT), but the upstream regulatory mechanism is still unclear. Our previous studies have found that a large number of dopamine (DA) receptors (DRs) are expressed on BDNF-positive neurons in the PVN and that the substantia nigra (SN) can directly project to the PVN (forming the SN-PVN pathway). Therefore, we speculate that DA in the SN can regulate the expression of BDNF via DRs and then affect IBAT thermogenesis. In this study, bilateral SN lesions were induced in rats with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), and the altered expression of DRs and BDNF in the PVN and the metabolic changes in IBAT were studied via double immunofluorescence and western blotting. The results showed that BDNF-positive neurons in the PVN expressed DR 1 (D1) and DR 2 (D2) and were surrounded by a large number of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive nerve fibers. Compared with the control group, the 6-OHDA group exhibited significantly fewer TH-positive neurons and significantly lower TH expression in the SN, but body weight, IBAT weight and food consumption did not differ between the groups. In the PVN, BDNF expression was upregulated in the 6-OHDA group, while D2 and TH expression was downregulated. In IBAT, the expression of uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1), phosphorylated hormone-sensitive lipase (p-HSL), TH and β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) was increased, while the expression of fatty acid synthase (FAS) was decreased. The IBAT cell diameter was also decreased in the 6-OHDA group. The results suggest that the SN-PVN pathway may be an upstream neural pathway that can affect BDNF expression in the PVN and that DRs may mediate its regulatory effects. This study expands our understanding of the relationship between DA and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembrology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembrology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Hui Lian
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembrology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Yimin Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembrology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Shilin Tong
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembrology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembrology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Noninvasive Neuromodulation, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China.
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Girotra P, Behl T, Sehgal A, Singh S, Bungau S. Investigation of the Molecular Role of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Alzheimer's Disease. J Mol Neurosci 2021; 72:173-186. [PMID: 34424488 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-021-01824-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), or abrineurin, is a member of the neurotrophin family of growth factors that acts on both the central and peripheral nervous systems. BDNF is also well known for its cardinal role in normal neural maturation. It binds to at least two receptors at the cell surface known as tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) and p75NTR. Additional neurotrophins that are anatomically linked with BDNF include neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), neurotrophin-4 (NT-4), and nerve growth factor (NGF). It is evident that BDNF levels in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) are altered. AD is a progressive disorder and a form of dementia, where the mental function of an elderly person is disrupted. It is associated with a progressive decline in cognitive function, which mainly targets the thinking, memory, and behavior of the person. The degeneration of neurons occurs in the cerebral cortex region of brain. The two major sources responsible for neuronal degeneration are protein fragment amyloid-beta (Aβ), which builds up in the spaces between the nerve cells, known as plaques, disrupting the neuron signaling pathway and leading to dementia, and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), which are the twisted fibers of proteins that build up inside the cells. AD is highly prevalent, with recent data indicating nearly 5.8 million Americans aged 65 and older with AD in 2020, and with 80% of patients 75 and older. AD is recognized as the sixth leading cause of death in the USA, and its prevalence is predicted to increase exponentially in the coming years. As AD worsens over time, it becomes increasingly important to understand the exact pathophysiology, biomarkers, and treatment. In this article, we focus primarily on the controversial aspect of BDNF in AD, including its influence on various other proteins and enzymes and the current treatments associated with BDNF, along with future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Girotra
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
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Nam HY, Seo S, Lee MJ, Kim K, Kim IJ, Pak K. No association of Brain-derived neurotrophic factor with striatal dopamine transporter availability in healthy subjects. Nuklearmedizin 2021; 60:434-437. [PMID: 34256395 DOI: 10.1055/a-1521-8572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin that plays a key role in brain plasticity, synaptic function, neuronal survival, learning, and memory formation. We aimed to investigate the association of BDNF with dopamine transporter (DAT) availabilities measured by positron emission tomography (PET) in healthy subjects. METHODS Thirty-five healthy, male subjects without brain injury, neuropsychological disorders were included in this study. The emission data were acquired over 90 mins with 50 frames after injection of 18F-FP-CIT using PET. Binding potentials (BPNDs) of ventral striatum (VST), caudate nucleus, putamen were measured with the simplified reference tissue method. The serum BDNF level (pg/mL) was measured through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. RESULTS Thirty-five healthy males with a mean age of 24.4 ± 2.7 years were included in this study. Multiple regression was done to investigate the association between striatal BPNDs from VST, caudate nucleus, putamen and serum BDNF after adjusting for age. None of striatal BPNDs from VST (p=0.8450), caudate nucleus (p=0.4783), and putamen (p=0.7994) were associated with serum BDNF. CONCLUSION Striatal DAT availabilities measured from PET were not associated with the serum BDNF in healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Yeol Nam
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Seongho Seo
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Pai Chai University, Daejeon, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Myung Jun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Keunyoung Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - In Joo Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Kyoungjune Pak
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea (the Republic of)
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Ganguly U, Singh S, Pal S, Prasad S, Agrawal BK, Saini RV, Chakrabarti S. Alpha-Synuclein as a Biomarker of Parkinson's Disease: Good, but Not Good Enough. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:702639. [PMID: 34305577 PMCID: PMC8298029 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.702639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder of the elderly, presenting primarily with symptoms of motor impairment. The disease is diagnosed most commonly by clinical examination with a great degree of accuracy in specialized centers. However, in some cases, non-classical presentations occur when it may be difficult to distinguish the disease from other types of degenerative or non-degenerative movement disorders with overlapping symptoms. The diagnostic difficulty may also arise in patients at the early stage of PD. Thus, a biomarker could help clinicians circumvent such problems and help them monitor the improvement in disease pathology during anti-parkinsonian drug trials. This review first provides a brief overview of PD, emphasizing, in the process, the important role of α-synuclein in the pathogenesis of the disease. Various attempts made by the researchers to develop imaging, genetic, and various biochemical biomarkers for PD are then briefly reviewed to point out the absence of a definitive biomarker for this disorder. In view of the overwhelming importance of α-synuclein in the pathogenesis, a detailed analysis is then made of various studies to establish the biomarker potential of this protein in PD; these studies measured total α-synuclein, oligomeric, and post-translationally modified forms of α-synuclein in cerebrospinal fluid, blood (plasma, serum, erythrocytes, and circulating neuron-specific extracellular vesicles) and saliva in combination with certain other proteins. Multiple studies also examined the accumulation of α-synuclein in various forms in PD in the neural elements in the gut, submandibular glands, skin, and the retina. The measurements of the levels of certain forms of α-synuclein in some of these body fluids or their components or peripheral tissues hold a significant promise in establishing α-synuclein as a definitive biomarker for PD. However, many methodological issues related to detection and quantification of α-synuclein have to be resolved, and larger cross-sectional and follow-up studies with controls and patients of PD, parkinsonian disorders, and non-parkinsonian movement disorders are to be undertaken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upasana Ganguly
- Department of Biochemistry and Central Research Laboratory, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Maharishi Markandeshwar Deemed University, Ambala, India
| | - Sukhpal Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Central Research Laboratory, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Maharishi Markandeshwar Deemed University, Ambala, India
| | - Soumya Pal
- Department of Biochemistry and Central Research Laboratory, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Maharishi Markandeshwar Deemed University, Ambala, India
| | - Suvarna Prasad
- Department of Biochemistry and Central Research Laboratory, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Maharishi Markandeshwar Deemed University, Ambala, India
| | - Bimal K. Agrawal
- Department of General Medicine, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Maharishi Markandeshwar Deemed University, Ambala, India
| | - Reena V. Saini
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar Deemed University, Ambala, India
| | - Sasanka Chakrabarti
- Department of Biochemistry and Central Research Laboratory, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Maharishi Markandeshwar Deemed University, Ambala, India
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Demir M, Akarsu EO, Dede HO, Bebek N, Yıldız SO, Baykan B, Akkan AG. Investigation of the Roles of New Antiepileptic Drugs and Serum BDNF Levels in Efficacy and Safety Monitoring and Quality of Life: A Clinical Research. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 15:49-63. [PMID: 30864528 PMCID: PMC7497568 DOI: 10.2174/1574884714666190312145409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective: We aimed to determine the therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) features and the relation to Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) of frequently used new antiepileptic drugs (NADs) including lamotrigine (LTG), oxcarbazepine (OXC), zonisamide (ZNS) and lacosamide (LCM). Moreover, we investigated their effect on the quality of life (QoL). Methods: Eighty epileptic patients who had been using the NADs, and thirteen healthy participants were included in this cross-sectional study. The participants were randomized into groups. The QOLIE-31 test was used for the assessment of QoL. We also prepared and applied “Safety Test”. HPLC method for TDM, and ELISA method for BDNF measurements were used consecutively. Results: In comparison to healthy participants, epileptic participants had lower marriage rate (p=0.049), education level (p˂0.001), alcohol use (p=0.002). BDNF levels were higher in patients with focal epilepsy (p=0.013) and in those with higher education level (p=0.016). There were negative correlations between serum BDNF levels and serum ZNS levels (p=0.042) with LTG-polytherapy, serum MHD levels (a 10-monohydroxy derivative of OXC, p=0.041) with OXC-monotherapy. There was no difference in BDNF according to monotherapy-polytherapy, drug-resistant groups, regarding seizure frequency. There was a positive correlation between total health status and QoL (p˂0.001). QOLIE-31 overall score (OS) was higher in those with OXC-monotherapy (76.5±14.5). OS (p˂0.001), seizure worry (SW, p=0.004), cognition (C, p˂0.001), social function (SF, p˂0.001) were different in the main groups. Forgetfulness was the most common unwanted effect. Conclusion: While TDM helps the clinician to use more effective and safe NADs, BDNF may assist in TDM for reaching the therapeutic target in epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meral Demir
- Department of Medical and Clinical Pharmacology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Fatih / Capa 34093, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Medical and Clinical Pharmacology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Street / Fatih 34093, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emel O Akarsu
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Fatih / Capa 34093, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hava O Dede
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Fatih / Capa 34093, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nerses Bebek
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Fatih / Capa 34093, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevda O Yıldız
- Department of Biostatistics, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Fatih / Capa 34093, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Betül Baykan
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Fatih / Capa 34093, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet G Akkan
- Department of Medical and Clinical Pharmacology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Street / Fatih 34093, Istanbul, Turkey
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Longobardi A, Benussi L, Nicsanu R, Bellini S, Ferrari C, Saraceno C, Zanardini R, Catania M, Di Fede G, Squitti R, Binetti G, Ghidoni R. Plasma Extracellular Vesicle Size and Concentration Are Altered in Alzheimer's Disease, Dementia With Lewy Bodies, and Frontotemporal Dementia. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:667369. [PMID: 34046409 PMCID: PMC8148014 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.667369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) are the three major neurodegenerative dementias. In this study, we provide evidence that an alteration in extracellular vesicles (EVs) release is common across the three most common neurodegenerative dementias, AD, DLB, and FTD. Specifically, we analyzed plasma EVs in three groups of patients affected by AD, DLB, and FTD, and we found a significant reduction in EVs concentration and larger EVs size in all patient groups. We then investigated whether the loss of neurotrophic factors is also a common pathogenic mechanism among FTD, DLB, and AD, and if levels of neurotrophic factors might affect EVs release. Plasma levels of progranulin and cystatin C (CysC) were partially altered; however, taking together all variables significantly associated with the diagnostic groups only EVs size and concentration were able to distinguish patients from controls. The diagnostic performance of these two EVs parameters together (ratio) was high, with a sensitivity of 83.3% and a specificity of 86.7%, able to distinguish patients from controls but not to differentiate the different forms of dementias. Among the candidate neurotrophic factors, only CysC levels were associated with EVs concentration. Our study suggests that an alteration in the intercellular communication mediated by EVs might be a common molecular pathway underlying neurodegenerative dementias. The identification of shared disease mechanisms is of pivotal importance to develop treatments to delay disease progression. To this aim, further studies investigating plasma EVs size and concentration as early biomarkers of dementia are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Longobardi
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Luisa Benussi
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roland Nicsanu
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sonia Bellini
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Clarissa Ferrari
- Service of Statistics, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Claudia Saraceno
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberta Zanardini
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marcella Catania
- Neurology 5/Neuropathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Di Fede
- Neurology 5/Neuropathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosanna Squitti
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuliano Binetti
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.,MAC-Memory Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberta Ghidoni
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
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Pawar G, Parayath NN, Sharma AA, Coito C, Khorkova O, Hsiao J, Curry WT, Amiji MM, Bleier BS. Endonasal CNS Delivery System for Blood-Brain Barrier Impermeant Therapeutic Oligonucleotides Using Heterotopic Mucosal Engrafting. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:660841. [PMID: 33953687 PMCID: PMC8090932 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.660841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The most significant obstacle in the treatment of neurological disorders is the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which prevents 98% of all potential neuropharmaceuticals from reaching the central nervous system (CNS). Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is one of the most intensely studied targets in Parkinson’s disease (PD) as it can reverse disease progression. BDNF AntagoNAT’s (ATs) are synthetic oligonucleotide-like compounds capable of upregulating endogenous BDNF expression. Despite the significant promise of BDNF AT therapies for PD, they cannot cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Our group has developed an innovative endonasal heterotopic mucosal grafting technique to provide a permanent method of permeabilizing the BBB. This method is based on established endoscopic surgical procedures currently used in routine clinical practice. Our overall goal for the study was to investigate the distribution and efficacy of BDNF AT’s using an extra-cranial graft model in naïve rats using the innovative heterotopic mucosal engrafting technique. BDNF AT cationic liposomes (ideal size range 200–250 nm) were developed and characterized to enhance the delivery to rat brain. Uptake, distribution and transfection efficiency of BDNF AntagoNAT’s in saline and liposomes were evaluated qualitatively (microscopy) and quantitatively (ELISA and AT hybridization assays) in RT4-D6P2T rat schwannoma cells and in naïve rats. In vivo therapeutic efficacy of BDNF AT’s encapsulated in liposomes was evaluated in a 6-OHDA toxin model of PD using western blot and tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemistry. Using complimentary in vitro and in vivo techniques, our results demonstrate that grafts are capable of delivering therapeutic levels of BDNF ATs in liposomes and saline formulation throughout the brain resulting in significant BDNF upregulation in key end target regions relevant to PD. BDNF AT liposomes resulted in a better distribution in rat brain as compared to saline control. The delivered BDNF AT’s encapsulated in liposomes also conferred a neuroprotective effect in a rat 6-OHDA model of PD. As a platform technique, these results further suggest that this approach may be utilized to deliver other BBB impermeant oligonucleotide-based therapeutics thereby opening the door to additional treatment options for CNS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grishma Pawar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Neha N Parayath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Aditya A Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | | | - Jane Hsiao
- OPKO Health Inc., Miami, FL, United States
| | - William T Curry
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mansoor M Amiji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Benjamin S Bleier
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, United States
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Sun Y, Zhao Z, Li Q, Wang C, Ge X, Wang X, Wang G, Qin Y. Dl-3-n-butylphthalide regulates cholinergic dysfunction in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion rats. J Int Med Res 2021; 48:300060520936177. [PMID: 32644834 PMCID: PMC7350057 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520936177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate whether dl-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) affects cholinergic system function and ameliorates cognitive decline in a rat model of vascular dementia (VaD). Methods The VaD rat model was established by bilateral common carotid artery ligation (two-vessel occlusion, 2VO). Rats were divided into five groups: control, sham, 2VO, 2VO+NBP (80 mg/kg; intragastric), and 2VO+donepezil (1 mg/kg; intragastric). Treatments were administered once daily for 2 weeks from day 21 post-surgery. Spatial learning and memory were evaluated by Morris water maze performance. Hippocampal choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expressions were detected using immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and real-time polymerase chain reaction methods. Results The daily escape latency was significantly longer in 2VO rats than in the sham or control groups, while the time spent in the target quadrant was significantly shorter. The daily escape latency of the 2VO+NBP group was significantly shorter compared with the 2VO group. Following NBP treatment, ChAT, AChE, VAChT, and BDNF expressions were significantly upregulated in the hippocampus. Conclusions Central cholinergic dysfunction may be involved in VaD pathogenesis. NBP treatment significantly improved spatial learning and memory in VaD rats, and may enhance cholinergic system function via BDNF-mediated neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Sun
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zilong Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunyang Wang
- Scientific Research Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xintong Ge
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Library of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Qin
- Department of Diagnostics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Rahayu UB, Wibowo S, Setyopranoto I, Hibatullah Romli M. Effectiveness of physiotherapy interventions in brain plasticity, balance and functional ability in stroke survivors: A randomized controlled trial. NeuroRehabilitation 2021; 47:463-470. [PMID: 33164953 DOI: 10.3233/nre-203210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain injuries such as strokes cause damage and death of the neuron cells. Physiotherapy interventions help to improve patient's performance and ability. However, this is only theorized but the impact of the physiotherapy intervention on brain plasticity is not known. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to investigate the effect of physiotherapy interventions on brain neuroplasticity by evaluating the brain plasticity regeneration, balance and functional ability. METHODS A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 64 stroke patients from three hospitals in the Surakarta region, Indonesia. Control groups (n = 32) received conventional physiotherapy and intervention groups (n = 32) received neurorestoration protocol, which both lasted for seven days. Efficacy of the interventions were measured on brain-derived neurotropic factor serum analysis, Berg Balance Scale and Barthel Index, respectively. RESULTS Both groups showed improvements in all parameters but only balance and functional performance had a statistically significant outcome. CONCLUSION Neurorestoration protocol that combined several established physiotherapy interventions was effective in improving balance and functional ability of stroke patients in only a seven days period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umi Budi Rahayu
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah, Surakarta, Indonesia
| | - Samekto Wibowo
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ismail Setyopranoto
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - M Hibatullah Romli
- Department of Nursing & Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
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Voigt RM, Raeisi S, Yang J, Leurgans S, Forsyth CB, Buchman AS, Bennett DA, Keshavarzian A. Systemic brain derived neurotrophic factor but not intestinal barrier integrity is associated with cognitive decline and incident Alzheimer's disease. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0240342. [PMID: 33661922 PMCID: PMC7932071 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory hypothesis posits that sustained neuroinflammation is sufficient to induce neurodegeneration and the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Alzheimer's dementia. One potential source of inflammation is the intestine which harbors pro-inflammatory microorganisms capable of promoting neuroinflammation. Systemic inflammation is robustly associated with neuroinflammation as well as low levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the systemic circulation and brain. Thus, in this pilot study, we tested the hypothesis that intestinal barrier dysfunction precedes risk of death, incident AD dementia and MCI, cognitive impairment and neuropathology. Serum BDNF was associated with changes in global cognition, working memory, and perceptual speed but not risk of death, incident AD dementia, incident MCI, or neuropathology. Neither of the markers of intestinal barrier integrity examined, including lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) nor intestinal fatty acid binding protein (IFABP), were associated with risk of death, incident AD dementia, incident mild cognitive impairment (MCI), change in cognition (global or domains), or neuropathology. Taken together, the data in this pilot study suggest that intestinal barrier dysfunction does not precede diagnosis of AD or MCI, changes in cognition, or brain pathology. However, since MCI and AD are related to global cognition, the findings with BDNF and the contiguous cognitive measures suggest low power with the trichotomous cognitive status measures. Future studies with larger sample sizes are necessary to further investigate the results from this pilot study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin M. Voigt
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Shohreh Raeisi
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jingyun Yang
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Sue Leurgans
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Christopher B. Forsyth
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Aron S. Buchman
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - David A. Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
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Sheeler C, Rosa JG, Borgenheimer E, Mellesmoen A, Rainwater O, Cvetanovic M. Post-symptomatic Delivery of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Ameliorates Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 1 (SCA1) Pathogenesis. THE CEREBELLUM 2021; 20:420-429. [PMID: 33394333 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-020-01226-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease caused by an abnormal expansion of CAG repeats in the Ataxin1 (ATXN1) gene. SCA1 is characterized by motor deficits, cerebellar neurodegeneration, and gliosis and gene expression changes. Expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), growth factor important for the survival and function of cerebellar neurons, is decreased in ATXN1[82Q] mice, the Purkinje neuron specific transgenic mouse model of SCA1. As this decrease in BDNF expression may contribute to cerebellar neurodegeneration, we tested whether delivery of extrinsic human BDNF via osmotic ALZET pumps has a beneficial effect on disease severity in this mouse model of SCA1. Additionally, to test the effects of BDNF on established and progressing cerebellar pathogenesis and motor deficits, we delivered BDNF post-symptomatically. We have found that post-symptomatic delivery of extrinsic BDNF ameliorated motor deficits and cerebellar pathology (i.e., dendritic atrophy of Purkinje cells, and astrogliosis) indicating therapeutic potential of BDNF even after the onset of symptoms in SCA1. However, BDNF did not alter Purkinje cell gene expression changes indicating that certain aspects of disease pathogenesis cannot be ameliorated/slowed down with BDNF and that combinational therapies may be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie Sheeler
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, 321 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Juao-Guilherme Rosa
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, 321 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Ella Borgenheimer
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, 321 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Aaron Mellesmoen
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, 321 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Orion Rainwater
- Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, 55455, USA
| | - Marija Cvetanovic
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, 321 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, 2101 6th Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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Eyileten C, Sharif L, Wicik Z, Jakubik D, Jarosz-Popek J, Soplinska A, Postula M, Czlonkowska A, Kaplon-Cieslicka A, Mirowska-Guzel D. The Relation of the Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor with MicroRNAs in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Ischemic Stroke. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:329-347. [PMID: 32944919 PMCID: PMC7695657 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02101-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a member of the neurotrophin family of growth factors that plays a crucial role in the development of the nervous system while supporting the survival of existing neurons and instigating neurogenesis. Altered levels of BDNF, both in the circulation and in the central nervous system (CNS), have been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington's disease (HD), multiple sclerosis (MS), and ischemic stroke. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs found in body fluids such as peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Several different miRNAs, and their target genes, are recognized to be involved in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative and neurovascular diseases. Thus, they present as promising biomarkers and a novel treatment approach for CNS disorders. Currently, limited studies provide viable evidence of miRNA-mediated post-transcriptional regulation of BDNF. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive assessment of the current knowledge regarding the potential diagnostic and prognostic values of miRNAs affecting BDNF expression and its role as a CNS disorders and neurovascular disease biomarker. Moreover, a novel therapeutic approach in neurodegenerative diseases and ischemic stroke targeting miRNAs associated with BDNF will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceren Eyileten
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Banacha 1B Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lucia Sharif
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Banacha 1B Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zofia Wicik
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Banacha 1B Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Jakubik
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Banacha 1B Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Jarosz-Popek
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Banacha 1B Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Soplinska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Banacha 1B Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Postula
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Banacha 1B Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Czlonkowska
- 2nd Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Dagmara Mirowska-Guzel
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Banacha 1B Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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Leptin enhances adult neurogenesis and reduces pathological features in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 148:105219. [PMID: 33301880 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common dementia worldwide and is characterized by the presence of senile plaques by amyloid-beta (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles of hyperphosphorylated Tau protein. These changes lead to progressive neuronal degeneration and dysfunction, resulting in severe brain atrophy and cognitive deficits. With the discovery that neurogenesis persists in the adult mammalian brain, including brain regions affected by AD, studies of the use of neural stem cells (NSCs) for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases to repair or prevent neuronal cell loss have increased. Here we demonstrate that leptin administration increases the neurogenic process in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus as well as in the subventricular zone of lateral ventricles of adult and aged mice. Chronic treatment with leptin increased NSCs proliferation with significant effects on proliferation and differentiation of newborn cells. The expression of the long form of the leptin receptor, LepRb, was detected in the neurogenic niches by reverse qPCR and immunohistochemistry. Moreover, leptin modulated astrogliosis, microglial cell number and the formation of senile plaques. Additionally, leptin led to attenuation of Aβ-induced neurodegeneration and superoxide anion production as revealed by Fluoro-Jade B and dihydroethidium staining. Our study contributes to the understanding of the effects of leptin in the brain that may lead to the development of new therapies to treat Alzheimer's disease.
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48
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Policastro G, Brunelli M, Tinazzi M, Chiamulera C, Emerich DF, Paolone G. Cytokine-, Neurotrophin-, and Motor Rehabilitation-Induced Plasticity in Parkinson's Disease. Neural Plast 2020; 2020:8814028. [PMID: 33293946 PMCID: PMC7714573 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8814028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation and cytokine-dependent neurotoxicity appear to be major contributors to the neuropathology in Parkinson's disease (PD). While pharmacological advancements have been a mainstay in the treatment of PD for decades, it is becoming increasingly clear that nonpharmacological approaches including traditional and nontraditional forms of exercise and physical rehabilitation can be critical adjunctive or even primary treatment avenues. Here, we provide an overview of preclinical and clinical research detailing the biological role of proinflammatory molecules in PD and how motor rehabilitation can be used to therapeutically modulate neuroinflammation, restore neural plasticity, and improve motor function in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matteo Brunelli
- Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Michele Tinazzi
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | | | - Giovanna Paolone
- Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Rana T, Behl T, Sehgal A, Srivastava P, Bungau S. Unfolding the Role of BDNF as a Biomarker for Treatment of Depression. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 71:2008-2021. [PMID: 33230708 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01754-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a well-known disabling mental illness characterized by sadness, loss of interest in activities, and decreased energy. The symptoms of depression are usually recurrent in vulnerable individuals, and persistence of symptoms significantly impairs individuals' quality of life. The exact pathophysiology of depression remains ambiguous, though many hypotheses have been proposed. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has recently been reported to play a vital role in the pathophysiology of depression. BDNF is an important neurotrophic factor found in the human brain and is involved in neuronal growth and proliferation, synaptic neurotransmission, and neuroplasticity. The neurotrophic theory of depression proposes that depression results from reduced BDNF levels in the brain, which can be treated with antidepressants to alleviate depressive behavior and increase BDNF levels. The aim of this review is to provide broad insight into the role of BDNF in the pathogenesis of depression and in antidepressant therapy. The studies mentioned in this review article greatly support the role of BDNF in the pathogenesis of depression and treatment of this disorder with antidepressants. Since abnormalities in BDNF levels lead to the production of diverse insults that amplify the development or progression of depression, it is important to study and explore BDNF impairment in relation to depression, neuroplasticity, and neurogenesis, and increasing BDNF levels through antidepressant therapy, showing positive response in the management of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarapati Rana
- Government Pharmacy College, Seraj, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Government Pharmacy College, Seraj, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | | | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
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50
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Małczyńska-Sims P, Chalimoniuk M, Sułek A. The Effect of Endurance Training on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Inflammatory Markers in Healthy People and Parkinson's Disease. A Narrative Review. Front Physiol 2020; 11:578981. [PMID: 33329027 PMCID: PMC7711132 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.578981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: One purpose of the training conducted by people is to lose bodyweight and improve their physical condition. It is well-known that endurance training provides many positive changes in the body, not only those associated with current beauty standards. It also promotes biochemical changes such as a decreased inflammatory status, memory improvements through increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels, and reduced stress hormone levels. The positive effects of training may provide a novel solution for people with Parkinson's disease, as a way to reduce the inflammatory status and decrease neurodegeneration through stimulation of neuroplasticity and improved motor conditions. Aim: This narrative review aims to focus on the relationship between an acute bout of endurance exercise, endurance training (continuous and interval), brain-derived neurotrophic factor and inflammatory status in the three subject groups (young adults, older adult, and patients with Parkinson's disease), and to review the current state of knowledge about the possible causes of the differences in brain-derived neurotrophic factor and inflammatory status response to a bout of endurance exercise and endurance training. Furthermore, short practical recommendations for PD patients were formulated for improving the efficacy of the training process during rehabilitation. Methods: A narrative review was performed following an electronic search of the database PubMed/Medline and Web of Science for English-language articles between January 2010 and January 2020. Results: Analysis of the available publications with partial results revealed (1) a possible connection between the brain-derived neurotrophic factor level and inflammatory status, and (2) a more beneficial influence of endurance training compared with acute bouts of endurance exercise. Conclusion: Despite the lack of direct evidence, the results from studies show that endurance training may have a positive effect on inflammatory status and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels. Introducing endurance training as part of the rehabilitation in Parkinson's disease might provide benefits for patients in addition to pharmacological therapy supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Małgorzata Chalimoniuk
- Department of Physical Education and Health in Biała Podlaska, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Sułek
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
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