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Salgado-Medrano N, Millán-Pacheco C, Rodríguez-López V, Corona-Sánchez L, Mesnard F, Molinié R, León-Álvarez E, Villarreal ML, Cardoso-Taketa AT. Antioxidant Active Phytochemicals in Ternstroemia lineata Explained by Aquaporin Mechanisms. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2223. [PMID: 39204659 PMCID: PMC11360478 DOI: 10.3390/plants13162223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The antioxidant action of terngymnoside C (1) and hydroxytyrosol-1-glucoside (2), isolated for the first time from the flower buds of Ternstroemia lineata, as well as katsumadin (3), obtained from the seedless fruits, was evaluated using ABTS•+ and H2O2-Saccharomyces cerevisiae models. In silico docking analysis of 1, 2, and 3 determined their affinity forces to the aquaporin monomers of the modeled S. cerevisiae protein 3 (AQP3) and human protein 7 (AQP7) channels that regulate the H2O2 cell transport. The ABTS•+ antiradical capacity of these compounds showed IC50 values of 22.00 μM (1), 47.64 μM (2), and 73.93 μM (3). The S. cerevisiae antioxidant assay showed that at 25 µM (1) and 50 µM (2 and 3), the cells were protected from H2O2-oxidative stress. These compounds, together with quercetin and vitamin C, were explored through the modeled S. cerevisiae AQP3 and human AQP7 by molecular docking analysis. To explain these results, an antioxidant mechanism for the isolated compounds was proposed through blocking H2O2 passage mediated by aquaporin transport. On the other hand, 1, 2, and 3 were not cytotoxic in a panel of three cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahim Salgado-Medrano
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico; (N.S.-M.); (E.L.-Á.)
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico
| | - César Millán-Pacheco
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico; (C.M.-P.); (V.R.-L.); (L.C.-S.)
| | - Verónica Rodríguez-López
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico; (C.M.-P.); (V.R.-L.); (L.C.-S.)
| | - Lucía Corona-Sánchez
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico; (C.M.-P.); (V.R.-L.); (L.C.-S.)
| | - François Mesnard
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Transfrontalière (UMRT), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), BioEcoAgro, Laboratoire BIOPI, University of Picardie Jules Verne, 80000 Amiens, France; (F.M.); (R.M.)
| | - Roland Molinié
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Transfrontalière (UMRT), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), BioEcoAgro, Laboratoire BIOPI, University of Picardie Jules Verne, 80000 Amiens, France; (F.M.); (R.M.)
| | - Eleazar León-Álvarez
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico; (N.S.-M.); (E.L.-Á.)
| | - María Luisa Villarreal
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico; (N.S.-M.); (E.L.-Á.)
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Bergeron L, Brulas M, Mouret L, Seassau A, Magliano M, Oger E, Imbert I. Natural fermentation of fresh Jasmine flowers inspired the development of a biotechnological ingredient with global anti-ageing properties. Int J Cosmet Sci 2024. [PMID: 39049718 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study focused on the development of a new-to-world ingredient harnessing the natural potential of fresh Jasminum grandiflorum flowers to self-ferment by its phytobiome revealing flower content. Analytical investigations were conducted to highlight specific phytocompounds generated during the natural fermentation of flowers in comparison to a conventional extraction. The synergy with another extraction technology maximized the generation of biocompounds for an interesting efficacy. METHODS Jasmine extract was elaborated by combining two patented technologies: the phytofermentology™, inspired by plant-microorganisms interaction and designed to develop ingredients obtained by natural fermentation of the vegetal using its own phytobiota; and the PSR™ technology allowing the extraction of bioactive phytocompounds such as small RNAs from plants. RESULTS Analytical investigations of Jasmine extract highlighted uniqueness and richness of the phytocompound profiles, such as organics acids and phenolic compounds, markers of fermentation only obtained after phytofermentology in comparison to conventional extraction. Jasmine extract has the particularity to contain jasmintides, flower small peptides belonging to the family of cysteine-rich peptides (CRPs). Antioxidant and global anti-ageing properties were investigated in cell-free assays demonstrating interesting results: about 20% scavenging of free radicals from 0.5% of Jasmine extract and protection from DNA damage of 26% in comparison to a stressed control. CONCLUSION Phytofermentology™ technology combined with PSR™ technology, meant to be respectful of the environment, allowed to development of biofunctionals very close to nature with a unique analytical signature as Jasmine extract, using the potential of fresh flowers phytobiota to self-ferment. The efficacy of the ingredient on global antioxidation and anti-ageing via hyaluronidase/tyrosinase inhibitions was highlighted by cell-free evaluation assays. Further and complementary studies should be conducted to confirm the bioefficacy of this ingredient with in vitro / ex vivo assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bergeron
- Ashland Specialties France, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - M Brulas
- Ashland Specialties France, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - L Mouret
- Ashland Specialties France, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | | | | | - E Oger
- Ashland Specialties France, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - I Imbert
- Ashland Specialties France, Sophia Antipolis, France
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Joshi S, Painuli S, Misra K, Kumar N, Bachheti RK, Rai N, Singab ANB. Analyses of Elaeocarpus sphaericus Extract for Antioxidant, Antiproliferative and Gene Repression Activities against HIF-1α and VEGF. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300249. [PMID: 37318911 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The study presents antioxidant, phytochemical, anti-proliferative, and gene repression activities against Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1) alpha and Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) of Elaeocarpus sphaericus extract. Elaeocarpus sphaericus dried and crushed plant leaves were extracted using water and methanol by ASE (Accelerated Solvent Extraction) method. Total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were used to measure the extracts' phytochemical activity (TFC). Antioxidant potential of the extracts was measured through DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and TRP. Methanolic extract of the leaves of E. sphaericus has shown a higher amount of TPC (94.666±4.040 mg/gm GAE) and TFC value (172.33±3.21 mg/gm RE). The antioxidant properties of extracts in the yeast model (Drug Rescue assay) showed promising results. Ascorbic acid, gallic acid, hesperidin, and quercetin were found in the aqueous and methanolic extracts of E. sphaericus at varying amounts, according to a densiometric chromatogram generated by HPTLC analysis. Methanolic extract of E. sphaericus (10 mg/ml) has shown good antimicrobial potential against all bacterial strains used in the study except E. coli. The anticancer activity of the extract in HeLa cell lines ranged from 77.94±1.03 % to 66.85±1.95 %, while it ranged from 52.83±2.57 % to 5.44 % in Vero cell lines at varying concentration (1000 μg/ml-31.2 μg/ml). A promising effect of extract was observed on the expression activity of HIF-1 and VEGF gene through RT-PCR assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Joshi
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era deemed to be University, Dehradun, India
| | - Sakshi Painuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era deemed to be University, Dehradun, India
| | - Kshipra Misra
- DRDO, DIPAS, Department of Biochemical Sciences, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Navin Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era deemed to be University, Dehradun, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Bachheti
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, College of Applied Science, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Allied Sciences, Graphic Era Hill University (G.E.H.U), Society Area, Clement Town, Dehradun, 248002, India
| | - Nishant Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era deemed to be University, Dehradun, India
| | - Abdel Nasser B Singab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
- Center of Drug Discovery Research and Development, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Dadge SD, Syed AA, Husain A, Valicherla GR, Gayen JR. Simultaneous Estimation of Quercetin and trans-Resveratrol in Cissus quadrangularis Extract in Rat Serum Using Validated LC-MS/MS Method: Application to Pharmacokinetic and Stability Studies. Molecules 2023; 28:4656. [PMID: 37375211 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cissus quadrangularis is a nutrient-rich plant with a history of use in traditional medicine. It boasts a diverse range of polyphenols, including quercetin, resveratrol, β-sitosterol, myricetin, and other compounds. We developed and validated a sensitive LC-MS/MS method to quantify quercetin and t-res biomarkers in rat serum and applied this method to pharmacokinetic and stability studies. The mass spectrometer was set to negative ionization mode for the quantification of quercetin and t-res. Phenomenex Luna (C18(2), 100 A, 75 × 4.6 mm, 3 µ) column was utilized to separate the analytes using an isocratic mobile phase consisting of methanol and 0.1% formic acid in water (82:18). Validation of the method was performed using various parameters, including linearity, specificity, accuracy, stability, intra-day, inter-day precision, and the matrix effect. There was no observed significant endogenous interference from the blank serum. The analysis was completed within 5.0 min for each run, and the lower limit of quantification was 5 ng/mL. The calibration curves showed a linear range with a high correlation coefficient (r2 > 0.99). The precision for intra- and inter-day assays showed relative standard deviations from 3.32% to 8.86% and 4.35% to 9.61%, respectively. The analytes in rat serum were stable during bench-top, freeze-thaw, and autosampler (-4 °C) stability studies. After oral administration, the analytes showed rapid absorption but underwent metabolism in rat liver microsomes despite being stable in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids. Intragastric administration resulted in higher absorption of quercetin and t-res, with greater Cmax, shorter half-life, and improved elimination. No prior research has been conducted on the oral pharmacokinetics and stability of anti-diabetic compounds in the Ethanolic extract of Cissus quadrangularis EECQ, making this the first report. Our findings can provide the knowledge of EECQ's bioanalysis and pharmacokinetic properties which is useful for future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailesh D Dadge
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Anees A Syed
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Athar Husain
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Guru R Valicherla
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Jiaur R Gayen
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow 226031, India
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Rai N, Gupta P, Verma A, Singh SK, Gautam V. Isolation and characterization of N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)hexadecanamide from Colletotrichum gloeosporioides with apoptosis-inducing potential in breast cancer cells. Biofactors 2023. [PMID: 36744732 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endophytic fungi are a well-established reservoir of bioactive compounds that are pharmaceutically valuable and therefore, contribute significantly to the biomedical field. The present study aims to identify the bioactive anticancer compound from ethyl acetate extract of fungal endophyte, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides associated with the leaf of the medicinal plant Oroxylum indicum. The fatty acid amide compound N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)hexadecanamide (Palmitoylethanolamide; PEA) was identified using antioxidant activity-guided fractionation assisted with tandem liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance. In-Silico molecular docking analysis showed that PEA potentially docked to the active sites of apoptosis-inducing proteins including BAX, BCL-2, P21, and P53. Further validation was done using in vitro study that showed PEA inhibitsthe proliferation, alters nuclear morphology and attenuates the wound closure ability of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. PEA induces apoptosis via upregulating cell-cycle arrest (P21), tumor suppression (P53), pro-apoptotic (BAX, CASPASE-8, and FADD) genes, and downregulating anti-apoptotic gene BCL-2. The upregulation of the active form of Caspase-3 was also reported. This is the first-ever report for the isolation of PEA from C. gloeosporioides with anticancer activity against human breast cancer cells and therefore holds great potential for future therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh Rai
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Priyamvada Gupta
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Ashish Verma
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Singh
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Vibhav Gautam
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Rai N, Gupta P, Verma A, Tiwari RK, Madhukar P, Kamble SC, Kumar A, Kumar R, Singh SK, Gautam V. Ethyl Acetate Extract of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Promotes Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis in Human Breast Cancer Cells. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:3768-3784. [PMID: 36743019 PMCID: PMC9893742 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Fungal endophytes are known to be a paragon for producing bioactive compounds with a variety of pharmacological importance. The current study aims to elucidate the molecular alterations induced by the bioactive compounds produced by the fungal endophyte Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in the tumor microenvironment of human breast cancer cells. GC/MS analysis of the ethyl acetate (EA) extract of C. gloeosporioides revealed the presence of bioactive compounds with anticancer activity. The EA extract of C. gloeosporioides exerted potential plasmid DNA protective activity against hydroxyl radicals of Fenton's reagent. The cytotoxic activity further revealed that MDA-MB-231 cells exhibit more sensitivity toward the EA extract of C. gloeosporioides as compared to MCF-7 cells, whereas non-toxic to non-cancerous HEK293T cells. Furthermore, the anticancer activity demonstrated by the EA extract of C. gloeosporioides was studied by assessing nuclear morphometric analysis and induction of apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. The EA extract of C. gloeosporioides causes the alteration in cellular and nuclear morphologies, chromatin condensation, long-term colony inhibition, and inhibition of cell migration and proliferation ability of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. The study also revealed that the EA extract of C. gloeosporioides treated cells undergoes apoptosis by increased production of reactive oxygen species and significant deficit in mitochondrial membrane potential. Our study also showed that the EA extract of C. gloeosporioides causes upregulation of pro-apoptotic (BAX, PARP, CASPASE-8, and FADD), cell cycle arrest (P21), and tumor suppressor (P53) related genes. Additionally, the downregulation of antiapoptotic genes (BCL-2 and SURVIVIN) and increased Caspase-3 activity suggest the induction of apoptosis in the EA extract of C. gloeosporioides treated MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. Overall, our findings suggest that the bioactive compounds present in the EA extract of C. gloeosporioides promotes apoptosis by altering the genes related to the extrinsic as well as the intrinsic pathway. Further in vivo study in breast cancer models is required to validate the in vitro observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh Rai
- Centre
of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Priyamvada Gupta
- Centre
of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Ashish Verma
- Centre
of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Rajan Kumar Tiwari
- Department
of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras
Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Prasoon Madhukar
- Infectious
Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Institute of
Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi221005, India
| | - Swapnil C. Kamble
- Department
of Technology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department
of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras
Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Centre
of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Singh
- Centre
of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Vibhav Gautam
- Centre
of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
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Physiological Alterations due to Hepatotoxicity and the Protective Role of Cleome viscosa Linn Seed Extract in Experimental Animals. ScientificWorldJournal 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/6132201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver ailment is a key public health menace, principally in developing nations. Quite a lot of medicinal florae have been identified to have liver shielding activities. The current study was designed to assess in vitro antioxidant and in vivo hepatoprotective activities of seed extracts of Cleome viscosa Linn. (Capparaceae). Phytochemical screening of C. viscosa seed ethanol extract was carried out. Free radical scavenging activity of crude seed extract of the plant was conducted using the DPPH assay method. DNA damage protection potential of the crude seed extract was carried out using extract of the genomic DNA nicking assay. Hepatoprotective activity of the crude seed extract of the plant was carried out based on CCl4-induced liver damage in Wister albino rats. Serum biomarkers (aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total protein (TP)) were evaluated to find out the effect. Histopathological scrutiny was also carried out for all groups of rats to further confirm the discoveries. The phytochemical screening was positive for alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, terpenes, tannins, and phenolic compounds in the seed extract. The antioxidant assay revealed that the ethanol crude extract of C. viscosa exhibited free radical scavenging activity with IC50 value of 17.82 ± 0.32 μg/mL, and this was further confirmed by the DNA damage protection activity. Pretreatment of the rats with the crude extract of C. viscosa significantly reduced ALP (
< 0.05). The hepatoprotective activity of the seed extract was confirmed by histopathological studies. From this study, it can be concluded that the crude seed extract revealed antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities. For that reason, in the future, oral intake of C. viscosa seed extract as an adjunct natural therapy may be worthwhile to protect against liver failure-mediated inhibitory effects on reproductive function.
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Islam MS, Parvin MS, Islam ME. The protective and antioxidant effects of Hygrophila schulli seeds on oxidative damage of DNA and RBC cellular membrane. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08767. [PMID: 35146152 PMCID: PMC8802844 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants are sources of antioxidant which may protect the body against oxidative stress related diseases and can be used as human food supplements. In this investigation, seeds of Hygrophila schulli (M. R. Almeida & S. M. Almeida) (Fam.-Acanthaceae), a herbaceous plant well known for its medicinal properties, has been examined for antioxidant activity of crude methanolic extract (CME) and its fraction using in vitro and in vivo assay as well as their protective activity against oxidative damage of DNA and RBC. Total phenolic and flavonoid content have also been estimated using the aluminum chloride colorimetric and Folin-Ciocalteu method. Among the different fractions of CME, Ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) had higher antioxidant activity in vitro assay and was selected for in vivo antioxidant activity in cadmium intoxicated mice. The EAF showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in serum catalase and SOD activity compared to the control group. TBARS levels were restored to 17.42 and 19.19 nmol/mg protein, respectively, after treatment with EAF and standard ascorbic acid (AA); compared to the normal group (14.96 nmol/mg protein). Similarly, levels of albumin, bilirubin, uric acid, and alkaline phosphatase were also brought back to normal levels. EAF's protective role against oxidative damage of DNA has shown a significant reduction in destroying of nicked DNA. RBC as a target of oxidation by H2O2 and HOCl, EAF showed inhibition of oxidation in a concentration-dependent manner, compared to standard gallic acid. In this study, we confirmed that EAF could scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) thus preventing DNA strand scission and the extract can be used as a functional food or nutraceutical product for health benefits.
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Munir A, Youssef FS, Ishtiaq S, Kamran SH, Sirwi A, Ahmed SA, Ashour ML, Elhady SS. Malva parviflora Leaves Mucilage: An Eco-Friendly and Sustainable Biopolymer with Antioxidant Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:4251. [PMID: 34883753 PMCID: PMC8659702 DOI: 10.3390/polym13234251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Malva parviflora L. is an edible and medicinal herb containing mucilaginous cells in its leaves. Mucilage obtained from M. parviflora leaves (MLM) was extracted in distilled water (1:10 w/v) at 70 °C followed by precipitation with alcohol. Preliminary phytochemical tests were performed to assess the purity of the extracted mucilage. Results showed that the yield of mucilage was 7.50%, and it was free from starch, alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, steroids, lipids and heavy metals. MLM had 16.19% carbohydrates, 13.55% proteins and 4.76% amino acids, which indicate its high nutritional value. Physicochemical investigations showed that MLM is neutral and water-soluble, having 5.84% moisture content, 15.60% ash content, 12.33 swelling index, 2.57 g/g water-holding capacity and 2.03 g/g oil-binding capacity. The functional properties, including emulsion capacity, emulsion stability, foaming capacity and stability increased with increased concentrations. Micromeritic properties, such as bulk density, tapped density, Carr's index, Hausner ratio, and angle of repose, were found to be 0.69 g/cm3, 0.84 g/cm3, 17.86%, 1.22 and 28.5, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that MLM is an amorphous powder possessing particles of varying size and shape; meanwhile, rheological studies revealed the pseudoplastic behavior of MLM. The thermal transition process of MLM revealed by a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermogram, occurring at a reasonable enthalpy change (∆H), reflects its good thermal stability. The presence of functional groups characteristic of polysaccharides was ascertained by the infrared (IR) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analyses. GC revealed the presence of five neutral monosaccharides; namely, galactose, rhamnose, arabinose, glucose and mannose, showing 51.09, 10.24, 8.90, 1.80 and 0.90 mg/g of MLM, respectively. Meanwhile, galacturonic acid is the only detected acidic monosaccharide, forming 15.06 mg/g of MLM. It showed noticeable antioxidant activity against the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical with an IC50 value of 154.27 µg/mL. It also prevented oxidative damage to DNA caused by the Fenton reagent, as visualized in gel documentation system. The sun protection factor was found to be 10.93 ± 0.15 at 400 µg/mL. Thus, MLM can be used in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry and as a therapeutic agent due to its unique properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ans Munir
- Department of Phrmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Fadia S. Youssef
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
| | - Saiqa Ishtiaq
- Department of Phrmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Sairah H. Kamran
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Alaa Sirwi
- Department of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.); (S.S.E.)
| | - Safwat A. Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed L. Ashour
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
- Pharmacy Program, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameh S. Elhady
- Department of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.); (S.S.E.)
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Sundar NS, Karthi S, Sivanesh H, Stanley-Raja V, Chanthini KMP, Ramasubramanian R, Ramkumar G, Ponsankar A, Narayanan KR, Vasantha-Srinivasan P, Alkahtani J, Alwahibi MS, Hunter WB, Senthil-Nathan S, Patcharin K, Abdel-Megeed A, Shawer R, Ghaith A. Efficacy of Precocene I from Desmosstachya bipinnata as an Effective Bioactive Molecules against the Spodoptera litura Fab. and Its Impact on Eisenia fetida Savigny. Molecules 2021; 26:6384. [PMID: 34770794 PMCID: PMC8588158 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The sustainability of agroecosystems are maintained with agro-chemicals. However, after more than 80 years of intensive use, many pests and pathogens have developed resistance to the currently used chemistries. Thus, we explored the isolation and bioactivity of a chemical compound, Precocene I, isolated from the perennial grass, Desmosstachya bipinnata (L.) Stapf. Fractions produced from chloroform extractions showed suppressive activity on larvae of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), the Oriental armyworm. Column chromatography analyses identified Precocene I confirmed using FTIR, HPLC and NMR techniques. The bioactivity of the plant-extracted Dp-Precocene I was compared to a commercially produced Precocene I standard. The percentage of mortality observed in insects fed on plant tissue treated with 60 ppm Db-Precocene I was 97, 87 and 81, respectively, for the second, third and fourth instar larvae. The LC50 value of third instars was 23.2 ppm. The percentages of survival, pupation, fecundity and egg hatch were altered at sub-lethal concentrations of Db-Precocene I (2, 4, 6 and 8 ppm, sprays on castor leaves). The observed effects were negatively correlated with concentration, with a decrease in effects as concentrations increased. Distinct changes in feeding activity and damage to gut tissues were observed upon histological examination of S. litura larvae after the ingestion of Db-Precocene I treatments. Comparative analyses of mortality on a non-target organism, the earthworm, Eisenia fetida, at equal concentrations of Precocene I and two chemical pesticides (cypermethrin and monocrotophos) produced mortality only with the chemical pesticide treatments. These results of Db-Precocene I as a highly active bioactive compound support further research to develop production from the grass D. bipinnata as an affordable resource for Precocene-I-based insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayanan Shyam Sundar
- Division of Biopesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi 627 412, India; (N.S.S.); (S.K.); (H.S.); (V.S.-R.); (K.M.-P.C.); (R.R.); (G.R.)
| | - Sengodan Karthi
- Division of Biopesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi 627 412, India; (N.S.S.); (S.K.); (H.S.); (V.S.-R.); (K.M.-P.C.); (R.R.); (G.R.)
| | - Haridoss Sivanesh
- Division of Biopesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi 627 412, India; (N.S.S.); (S.K.); (H.S.); (V.S.-R.); (K.M.-P.C.); (R.R.); (G.R.)
| | - Vethamonickam Stanley-Raja
- Division of Biopesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi 627 412, India; (N.S.S.); (S.K.); (H.S.); (V.S.-R.); (K.M.-P.C.); (R.R.); (G.R.)
| | - Kanagaraj Muthu-Pandian Chanthini
- Division of Biopesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi 627 412, India; (N.S.S.); (S.K.); (H.S.); (V.S.-R.); (K.M.-P.C.); (R.R.); (G.R.)
| | - Ramakrishnan Ramasubramanian
- Division of Biopesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi 627 412, India; (N.S.S.); (S.K.); (H.S.); (V.S.-R.); (K.M.-P.C.); (R.R.); (G.R.)
| | - Govindaraju Ramkumar
- Division of Biopesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi 627 412, India; (N.S.S.); (S.K.); (H.S.); (V.S.-R.); (K.M.-P.C.); (R.R.); (G.R.)
| | - Athirstam Ponsankar
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Paramakalyani College, Alwarkurichi 627 412, India;
| | | | | | - Jawaher Alkahtani
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (J.A.); (M.S.A.)
| | - Mona S. Alwahibi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (J.A.); (M.S.A.)
| | - Wayne Brian Hunter
- USDA-ARS, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, 2001 South Rock Road, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA;
| | - Sengottayan Senthil-Nathan
- Division of Biopesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi 627 412, India; (N.S.S.); (S.K.); (H.S.); (V.S.-R.); (K.M.-P.C.); (R.R.); (G.R.)
| | - Krutmuang Patcharin
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Innovative Agriculture Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Ahmed Abdel-Megeed
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture Saba Basha, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21531, Egypt;
| | - Rady Shawer
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture Saba Basha, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21531, Egypt;
| | - Aml Ghaith
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Derna University, Derna 417230, Libya;
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11
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Kawadkar M, Mandloi AS, Saxena V, Tamadaddi C, Sahi C, Dhote VV. Noscapine alleviates cerebral damage in ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 394:669-683. [PMID: 33106921 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-02005-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
With high unmet medical needs, stroke remains an intensely focused research area. Although noscapine is a neuroprotective agent, its mechanism of action in ischemic-reperfusion (I-R) injury is yet to be ascertained. We investigated the effect of noscapine on the molecular mechanisms of cell damage using yeast, and its neuroprotection on cerebral I-R injury in rats. Yeast, both wild-type and Δtrx2 strains, was evaluated for cell growth and viability, and oxidative stress to assess the noscapine effect at 8, 10, 12, and 20 μg/ml concentrations. The neuroprotective activity of noscapine (5 and 10 mg/kg; po for 8 days) was investigated in rats using middle cerebral artery occlusion-induced I-R injury. Infarct volume, neurological deficit, oxidative stress, myeloperoxidase activity, and histological alterations were determined in I-R rats. In vitro yeast assays exhibited significant antioxidant activity and enhanced cell tolerance against oxidative stress after noscapine treatment. Similarly, noscapine pretreatment significantly reduced infarct volume and edema in the brain. The neurological deficit was decreased and oxidative stress biomarkers, superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione levels, were significantly increased while lipid peroxidation showed significant decrease in comparison to vehicle-treated I-R rats. Myeloperoxidase activity, an indicator of inflammation, was also reduced significantly in treated rats; histological changes were attenuated with noscapine. The study demonstrates the protective effect of noscapine in yeast and I-R rats by improving cell viability and attenuating neuronal damage, respectively. This protective activity of noscapine could be attributed to potent free radical scavenging and inhibition of inflammation in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Kawadkar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, VNS Group of Institutions, VidyaVihar, Neelbud, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462044, India
| | - Avinash S Mandloi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, VNS Group of Institutions, VidyaVihar, Neelbud, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462044, India
| | - Vidhu Saxena
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, VNS Group of Institutions, VidyaVihar, Neelbud, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462044, India
| | - Chetana Tamadaddi
- Chaperone and Stress Biology Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India
| | - Chandan Sahi
- Chaperone and Stress Biology Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India
| | - Vipin V Dhote
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, VNS Group of Institutions, VidyaVihar, Neelbud, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462044, India.
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12
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Xanthis V, Fitsiou E, Voulgaridou GP, Bogadakis A, Chlichlia K, Galanis A, Pappa A. Antioxidant and Cytoprotective Potential of the Essential Oil Pistacia lentiscus var . chia and Its Major Components Myrcene and α-Pinene. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10010127. [PMID: 33477450 PMCID: PMC7830477 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant, cytoprotective, and wound-healing potential of the essential oil from the resin of Pistacia lentiscus var. chia (mastic oil) was evaluated, along with that of its major components, myrcene and α-pinene. Antioxidant potential was monitored as: (i) direct antioxidant activity as assessed by 2,2-di-phenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), and ABTS assays; (ii) DNA damage protection activity; and (iii) cytoprotective activity as assessed via induction of transcription of genes related to the antioxidant response in human keratinocyte cells (HaCaT). The cytoprotective potential of the test substances was further evaluated against ultraviolet radiation B (UVB)- or H2O2-induced oxidative damage, whereas their regenerative capability was accessed by monitoring the wound closure rate in HaCaT. Μastic oil and major components did not show significant direct antioxidant activity, however they increased the mRNA levels of antioxidant response genes, suggesting indirect antioxidant activity. Treatment of HaCaT with the test substances before and after UVB irradiation resulted in increased cell viability in the cases of pre-treatment with mastic oil or post-treatment with myrcene. Increased cytoprotection was also observed in the case of cell treatment with mastic oil or its major components prior to H2O2 exposure. Finally, mastic oil and myrcene demonstrated a favorable dose-dependent effect for cell migration and wound closure. Collectively, mastic essential oil may exert its promising cytoprotective properties through indirect antioxidant mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Alex Galanis
- Correspondence: (A.G.); (A.P.); Tel.: +30-25510-30634 (A.G.); +30-25510-30625 (A.P.)
| | - Aglaia Pappa
- Correspondence: (A.G.); (A.P.); Tel.: +30-25510-30634 (A.G.); +30-25510-30625 (A.P.)
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13
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Investigations of antioxidant potential and protective effect of Acanthophora algae on DNA damage: An electrochemical approach. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Qasim N, Shahid M, Yousaf F, Riaz M, Anjum F, Faryad MA, Shabbir R. Therapeutic Potential of Selected Varieties of Phoenix Dactylifera L. Against Microbial Biofilm and Free Radical Damage to DNA. Dose Response 2020; 18:1559325820962609. [PMID: 33117092 PMCID: PMC7573743 DOI: 10.1177/1559325820962609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Phoenix dactylifera L. (Date palm) is the most widely consumed fruit around the world and is rich source of nutrients containing dietary fibers, minerals, vitamins, sugar, protein and antioxidants with potent bioactivities against various microbial pathogens. This study evaluated the therapeutic potential of 2 varieties of ethanolic extracts of Phoenix dactylifera i-e Ajwa and Khalas against bacterial biofilms. This study also investigated the protective effect of Ajwa and Khalas against hydroxyl radical damage to calf thymus DNA. Antioxidant potential through different antioxidant assays showed that Ajwa has higher antioxidant potential than Khalas. Both Ajwa and Khalas presented good antimicrobial activities against Bacillus subtilis and Pasteurella multocida. Biofilm inhibition assay showed that increasing concentration of Ajwa and Khalas exhibited higher percentage of bacterial biofilm inhibition. Microscopic examination revealed significant inhibition of microbial biofilm. Ajwa and Khalas protected the calf thymus DNA against damage caused by hydroxyl radicals produced by fenton reagent. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra confirmed the presence of O–H, C=C and C–O functional groups in tested extracts. The study concluded that tested varieties of Date palm have the potential to inhibit bacterial biofilms and can be used for therapeutic purposes against biofilm producing pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimra Qasim
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Yousaf
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Sargodha Medical College, University of Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Fozia Anjum
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adeel Faryad
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Remsha Shabbir
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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15
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Sudharshan SJ, Dyavaiah M. Astaxanthin protects oxidative stress mediated DNA damage and enhances longevity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biogerontology 2020; 22:81-100. [PMID: 33108581 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-020-09904-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have long been found to play an important role in oxidative mediated DNA damage. Fortunately, cells possess an antioxidant system that can neutralize ROS. However, oxidative stress occurs when antioxidants are overwhelmed by ROS or impaired antioxidant pathways. This study was carried out to find the protective effect of astaxanthin on the yeast DNA repair-deficient mutant cells under hydrogen peroxide stress. The results showed that astaxanthin enhances the percent cell growth of rad1∆, rad51∆, apn1∆, apn2∆ and ogg1∆ cells. Further, the spot test and colony-forming unit count results confirmed that astaxanthin protects DNA repair mutant cells from oxidative stress. The DNA binding property of astaxanthin studied by in silico and in vitro methods indicated that astaxanthin binds to the DNA in the major and minor groove, and that might protect DNA against oxidative stress induced by Fenton's reagent. The intracellular ROS, 8-OHdG level and the DNA fragmentation as measured by comet tail was reduced by astaxanthin under oxidative stress. Similarly, reduced nuclear fragmentation and chromatin condensation results suggest that astaxanthin might reduce apoptosis. Finally, we show that astaxanthin decreases the accumulation of mutation rate and enhances the longevity of DNA repair-deficient mutants' cells during a chronological lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Sudharshan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, 605014, India
| | - Madhu Dyavaiah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, 605014, India.
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16
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Antioxidative and Radioprotective Properties of Glycosylated Flavonoid, Xanthorhamnin from Radio-Resistant Bacterium Bacillus indicus Strain TMC-6. Curr Microbiol 2020; 77:1245-1253. [PMID: 32125445 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-01930-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A radio-resistant bacterium labeled as strain TMC-6 was isolated from Thal desert, Pakistan and identified through 16S rRNA gene sequencing as Bacillus indicus strain TMC-6 (MN721293). The isolate was found to be resistant to UV radiation dose of 6.780 × 103 J/m2 and showed 50% survivability to mitomycin C (6 μg/ml) and H2O2 (30 mM). The bacterium showed yellowish orange coloration when grown on tryptone yeast glucose (TGY) medium. The cellular metabolite was extracted in methanol and purified through solid phase extraction with C18 column cartridge. The compound was characterized through UV/Visible spectrophotometry, Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) spectroscopy and Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS). The LC-MS analysis of the compound revealed a molar mass of 769 [m/z]- that matched the chemical formula C34H42O20 and identified as a glycosylated flavonoid xanthorhamnin. The compound showed significant antioxidant (77.05%) and metal chelation (79.80%) activities. Xanthorhamnin showed promising oxidative damage inhibitory actions in bovine serum albumin (65.32%) and mice liver lipids (71.61%) and prevented DNA strand breaks from oxidative stress. Cytotoxicity in brine shrimp larvae was observed when compared with mitomycin C indicating its effect toward cancerous cells. These findings concluded that xanthorhamnin from radio-resistant Bacillus indicus strain TMC-6 has high antioxidant, radioprotective, and antitumor properties against UV-mediated oxidative damages.
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17
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Molecular structure, spectroscopic, solvatochromic, dyeing performance and biological evaluations of heterocyclic azo dye, 4-[(E)-(4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)diazenyl]-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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18
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Chaiprasongsuk A, Janjetovic Z, Kim TK, Jarrett SG, D'Orazio JA, Holick MF, Tang EKY, Tuckey RC, Panich U, Li W, Slominski AT. Protective effects of novel derivatives of vitamin D 3 and lumisterol against UVB-induced damage in human keratinocytes involve activation of Nrf2 and p53 defense mechanisms. Redox Biol 2019; 24:101206. [PMID: 31039479 PMCID: PMC6488822 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We tested whether novel CYP11A1-derived vitamin D3- and lumisterol-hydroxyderivatives, including 1,25(OH)2D3, 20(OH)D3, 1,20(OH)2D3, 20,23(OH)2D3, 1,20,23(OH)3D3, lumisterol, 20(OH)L3, 22(OH)L3, 20,22(OH)2L3, and 24(OH)L3, can protect against UVB-induced damage in human epidermal keratinocytes. Cells were treated with above compounds for 24 h, then subjected to UVB irradiation at UVB doses of 25, 50, 75, or 200 mJ/cm2, and then examined for oxidant formation, proliferation, DNA damage, and the expression of genes at the mRNA and protein levels. Oxidant formation and proliferation were determined by the DCFA-DA and MTS assays, respectively. DNA damage was assessed using the comet assay. Expression of antioxidative genes was evaluated by real-time RT-PCR analysis. Nuclear expression of CPD, phospho-p53, and Nrf2 as well as its target proteins including HO-1, CAT, and MnSOD, were assayed by immunofluorescence and western blotting. Treatment of cells with the above compounds at concentrations of 1 or 100 nM showed a dose-dependent reduction in oxidant formation. At 100 nM they inhibited the proliferation of cultured keratinocytes. When keratinocytes were irradiated with 50–200 mJ/cm2 of UVB they also protected against DNA damage, and/or induced DNA repair by enhancing the repair of 6-4PP and attenuating CPD levels and the tail moment of comets. Treatment with test compounds increased expression of Nrf2-target genes involved in the antioxidant response including GR, HO-1, CAT, SOD1, and SOD2, with increased protein expression for HO-1, CAT, and MnSOD. The treatment also stimulated the phosphorylation of p53 at Ser-15, increased its concentration in the nucleus and enhanced Nrf2 translocation into the nucleus. In conclusion, pretreatment of keratinocytes with 1,25(OH)2D3 or CYP11A1-derived vitamin D3- or lumisterol hydroxy-derivatives, protected them against UVB-induced damage via activation of the Nrf2-dependent antioxidant response and p53-phosphorylation, as well as by the induction of the DNA repair system. Thus, the new vitamin D3 and lumisterol hydroxy-derivatives represent promising anti-photodamaging agents. Vitamin D3 and lumisterol derivatives stimulate antioxidative responses in skin. Vitamin D3 and lumisterol derivatives protect against UVB-induced DNA damage. Vitamin D3 and lumisterol derivatives target p53 and Nrf2-antioxidant pathways. Vitamin D3 and lumisterol derivatives promise to be skin photoprotectors
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Affiliation(s)
- Anyamanee Chaiprasongsuk
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Tae-Kang Kim
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | - Stuart G Jarrett
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, The Markey Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - John A D'Orazio
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, The Markey Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | - Edith K Y Tang
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Robert C Tuckey
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Uraiwan Panich
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Andrzej T Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA; VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Faustino MV, Faustino MAF, Pinto DCGA. Halophytic Grasses, a New Source of Nutraceuticals? A Review on Their Secondary Metabolites and Biological Activities. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1067. [PMID: 30823674 PMCID: PMC6429475 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The Poaceae family, known as grasses, is distributed worldwide and is considered the most important group of monocotyledonous crops. Salt stress is multifactorial, therefore to survive, halophytes evolved a variety of adaptations, which include the biosynthesis of different primary and secondary metabolites. This trait enhances the accumulation of important families of compounds crucial to the prevention of a variety of chronic diseases. Besides, if proven edible, these species could cope with the increased soil salinity responsible for the decline of arable land due to their high nutritional/nutraceutical value. Herein, the phytochemical investigations performed in halophytes from the Poaceae family as well as their biological properties were explored. Among the 65 genera and 148 species of known halophytic grasses, only 14% of the taxa were studied phytochemically and 10% were subjected to biological evaluation. Notably, in the studied species, a variety of compound families, as well as bioactivities, were demonstrated, highlighting the potential of halophytic grasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Faustino
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Maria A F Faustino
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Diana C G A Pinto
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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20
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Evaluation of in vivo antioxidant potential of Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston and Terminalia citrina Roxb. towards oxidative stress response in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2018; 55:4432-4439. [PMID: 30333639 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-018-3355-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Excessive production and restricted elimination of free radicals like superoxide, hydroxyl radical (·OH), anion radical (O2 ·-), and non-radical hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are related to the development of cancer, arteriosclerosis, arthritis and neurodegenerative diseases. According to a report of World Health Organisation, about 80% of the population living in the developing countries predominantly depends on the traditional medicine for their primary healthcare. Plants possess innate ability to synthesize a wide variety of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants capable of attenuating ROS-induced oxidative damage. The ethanolic leaf extracts of Syzygium jambos L. and Terminalia citrina Roxb. exhibited a significant in vitro antioxidant activity when compared with natural antioxidant, ascorbic acid. The extracts also provided strong cellular protection against the damaging effects of H2O2 induced oxidative stress in the mutant strains (tsa1Δ and sod1Δ) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The GC-MS analysis of the leaf extracts revealed the presence of phytoconstituents majorly constituting of terpenes, vitamin and fatty acids contributing to the antioxidant property. The plant extracts may serve as a potential source of exogenous antioxidants to combat the undesirable effects of oxidative stress.
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Rachitha P, Krupashree K, Jayashree G, Kandikattu HK, Amruta N, Gopalan N, Rao M, Khanum F. Chemical composition, antioxidant potential, macromolecule damage and neuroprotective activity of Convolvulus pluricaulis. J Tradit Complement Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2017.11.002 pmid: 30302329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Bassan P, Bhushan S, Kaur T, Arora R, Arora S, Vig AP. Extraction, profiling and bioactivity analysis of volatile glucosinolates present in oil extract of Brassica juncea var. raya. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 24:399-409. [PMID: 29692548 PMCID: PMC5911257 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-018-0509-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cruciferous vegetables are rich source of glucosinolates (GSLs), which in presence of myrosinase enzyme cause hydrolytic cleavage and result in different hydrolytic products like isothiocyanates, thiocyanates, nitriles and epinitriles. The GSLs hydrolytic products are volatile compounds, which are known to exhibit bioactivities like antioxidant, fungicidal, bioherbicidal and anticancer. Among the Brassicaceae family, Brassica juncea is very well known for high content of GSLs. In the present study, the isolation of volatile oil of B. juncea var. raya was done by hydrodistillation method using clevenger apparatus and further there extraction was done by solvents ethyl acetate and dichloromethane. The volatile compounds present in the extract were analysed by gas chromatography/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/GC-MS). Fatty acid esters, sulphur and/or nitrogen compounds, carbonyl compounds and some other volatile compounds were also identified. Besides the analytical studies, the extracts were analysed for their bioactivities including radical scavenging activity by using DNA nicking assay and cytotoxic effect using different human cancer cell lines viz. breast (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231), prostate (PC-3), lung (A-549), cervix (HeLa) and colon (HCT116) by MTT assay. The oil extracts were efficiently able to reduce the increase of cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. Among all cell lines, the most effective anticancer activity was observed in case of breast (MCF-7) cancer cell line. So, MCF-7 cells were used for further mechanistic studies for analysing the mechanism of anticancer activity. Confocal microscopy was done for analysing morphological changes in the cells and the images confirmed the features typical of apoptosis. For evaluating the mode of cell death, spectrofluorometric determination of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was done. The volatile oil extract treated MCF-7 cells had a significant increase in number of ROS, also there was a rise in percentage of cells with increased disruption of MMP. So, the present study marks necessary indication that B. juncea (raya) oil extracts significantly induces apoptosis in all the above mentioned cancer cells lines through a ROS-mediated mitochondrial pathway and thus play a remarkable role in death of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Bassan
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005 India
| | - Sakshi Bhushan
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005 India
| | - Tajinder Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005 India
| | - Rohit Arora
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Amritsar, Punjab 143501 India
| | - Saroj Arora
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005 India
| | - Adarsh Pal Vig
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005 India
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Ibrahim NH, Awaad AS, Alnafisah RA, Alqasoumi SI, El-Meligy R, Mahmoud AZ. In - Vitro activity of Desmostachya bipinnata (L.) Stapf successive extracts against Helicobacter pylori clinical isolates. Saudi Pharm J 2018; 26:535-540. [PMID: 29844726 PMCID: PMC5961750 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori are well acknowledged as a major cause of gastrointestinal ailments and gastric cancers. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the potential in vitro activity of Desmostachya bipinnata against H. pylori, focusing on the determination of the most active extract responsible for the anti-helicobacter activity to produce new active drug from natural source. Desmostachya bipinnata total alcohol and successive extracts were in vitro tested against H. pylori. All extracts showed promising anti Helicobacter pylori activities. The most effective extract was diethyl ether extract, it showed 75% growth inhibition of the clinical Isolates bacterial Helicobacter pylori, in addition it showed high count reduction on the selected organisms in the different concentrations used (2xMIC, MIC & ½ MIC) compared with the untreated controls as well as the other extracts (chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol). The oral median lethal dose (LD50) of the alcohol extract of the plant by doses up to 5000 mg/kg didn't showed any mortality or morbidity, in addition no side effects were recorded on both liver and kidney functions this means that the extract was safe for use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermin H. Ibrahim
- Medical Microbiology & Immunology Department, College of Medicine, Beni- Suef University, Egypt
| | - Amani S. Awaad
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Salman Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawan A. Alnafisah
- Pharmacology Department, College of Pharmacy, king Saud Bin Abdulaziz University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh I. Alqasoumi
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reham.M. El-Meligy
- Aromatic and Medicinal Plants Department, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amani Z. Mahmoud
- Phamaceutical Medicinal Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Egypt
- Pharmaceutics Department, College of Pharmacy, king Saud University, Saudi Arabia
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Cardioprotective and Metabolomic Profiling of Selected Medicinal Plants against Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:9819360. [PMID: 29576858 PMCID: PMC5821957 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9819360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this research work, the antioxidant and metabolomic profiling of seven selected medicinally important herbs including Rauvolfia serpentina, Terminalia arjuna, Coriandrum sativum, Elettaria cardamom, Piper nigrum, Allium sativum, and Crataegus oxyacantha was performed. The in vivo cardioprotective potential of these medicinal plants was evaluated against surgically induced oxidative stress through left anterior descending coronary artery ligation (LADCA) in dogs. The antioxidant profiling of these plants was done through DPPH and DNA protection assay. The C. oxyacantha and T. arjuna showed maximum antioxidant potential, while the E. cardamom showed poor antioxidative strength even at its high concentration. Different concentrations of extracts of the said plants exhibited the protection of plasmid DNA against H2O2 damage as compared to the plasmid DNA merely treated with H2O2. The metabolomic profiling through LC-MS analysis of these antioxidants revealed the presence of active secondary metabolites responsible for their antioxidant potential. During in vivo analysis, blood samples of all treatment groups were drawn at different time intervals to analyze the cardiac and hemodynamic parameters. The results depicted that the group pretreated with HC4 significantly sustained the level of CK-MB, SGOT, and LDH as well as hemodynamic parameters near to normal. The histopathological examination also confirmed the cardioprotective potential of HC4. Thus, the HC4 being safe and inexpensive cardioprotective herbal combination could be considered as an alternate of synthetic drugs.
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Chemical composition, antioxidant potential, macromolecule damage and neuroprotective activity of Convolvulus pluricaulis. J Tradit Complement Med 2018; 8:483-496. [PMID: 30302329 PMCID: PMC6174265 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbal medicines are known to mitigate radical induced cell damage. Hence identification and scientific validation of herbal medicines contribute to better use in Ayurvedic/Unani research. In the present study, we investigated antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties of Convolvulus pluricaulis (C. pluricaulis). C. pluricaulis exhibited antioxidant potential evident by free radical scavenging activities. C. pluricaulis pretreatment inhibited H2O2 induced macromolecule damage such as plasmid DNA damage and AAPH induced oxidation of bovine serum albumin and lipid peroxidation of rat hepatic tissues. Further to identify the neuroprotective properties of C. pluricaulis, SHSY5Y cells were treated with H2O2 with or without pretreatment of C. pluricaulis. The C. pluricaulis pretreatment at 50 μg/ml dose exhibited 50% cell survival against 100 μM H2O2 challenge for 24 h and it also decreased the lactate dehydrogenase leakage. Further C. pluricaulis pretreatment restored and regulated the antioxidant and apoptosis markers such as SOD, CAT, p53, and caspase-3 and inhibited, reactive oxygen species generation and depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane. C. pluricaulis possess a high content of flavonoids and polyphenols and GC-MS and FTIR analysis showed a wide variety of compounds which may contribute to the observed effects.
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Choi MH, Jo HG, Yang JH, Ki SH, Shin HJ. Antioxidative and Anti-Melanogenic Activities of Bamboo Stems (Phyllostachys nigra variety henosis) via PKA/CREB-Mediated MITF Downregulation in B16F10 Melanoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020409. [PMID: 29385729 PMCID: PMC5855631 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Phyllostachys nigra var. henosis, a domestic bamboo species, has been attracting much attention; its bioactive compounds (especially in the leaf) show antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-obesity activities. Little information is available on the antioxidative and anti-melanogenetic activities of the bioactive compounds in bamboo stems. The anti-melanogenic and antioxidative activities of the EtOAc fraction (PN3) of a P. nigra stem extract were investigated in a cell-free system and in B16F10 melanoma cells. PN3 consisted of a mixture of flavonoids, such as catechin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and p-coumaric acid. The antioxidant activity (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS)), and hydroxyl radical scavenging) was evaluated, as well as the inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by the Fenton reaction. PN3 showed in vitro tyrosinase inhibition activity with the half maximal inbihitory concentration (IC50) values of 240 μg/mL, and in vivo cytotoxic concentration ranges > 100 μg/mL. The protein expression levels and mRNA transcription levels of TYR, TRP-1, and MITF were decreased in a dose-dependent manner by the treatment with PN3. PN3 interfered with the phosphorylation of intracellular protein kinase A (PKA)/cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), demonstrating potent anti-melanogenic effects. PN3 could inhibit PKA/CREB and the subsequent degradation of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), resulting in the suppression of melanogenic enzymes and melanin production, probably because of the presence of flavonoid compounds. These properties make it a candidate as an additive to whitening cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon-Hee Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea.
| | - Han-Gyo Jo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea.
| | - Ji Hye Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea.
| | - Sung Hwan Ki
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea.
| | - Hyun-Jae Shin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea.
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Abbas M, Ali A, Arshad M, Atta A, Mehmood Z, Tahir IM, Iqbal M. Mutagenicity, cytotoxic and antioxidant activities of Ricinus communis different parts. Chem Cent J 2018; 12:3. [PMID: 29350299 PMCID: PMC5775190 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-018-0370-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ricinus communis (castor plant) is a potent medicinal plant, which is commonly used in the treatment of various ailments. The present study was conducted to appraise the cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of R. communis along with antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by hemolytic and brine shrimp assays, whereas Ames test (TA98 and TA100) was used for mutagenicity evaluation. Plant different parts were extracted in methanol by shaking, sonication and Soxhlet extraction methods. The R. communis methanolic extracts showed promising antioxidant activity evaluated as through total phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), DPPH free radical inhibition, reducing power and inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation. R. communis seeds, stem, leaves, fruit and root methanolic extracts showed mild to moderate cytotoxicity against red blood cells (RBCs) of human and bovine. Brine shrimp lethality also revealed the cytotoxic nature of extracts with LC50 in the range of 0.22-3.70 (µg/mL) (shaking), 1.59-60.92 (µg/mL) (sonication) and 0.72-33.60 (µg/mL) (Soxhlet), whereas LC90 values were in the range of 345.42-1695.81, 660.50-14,794.40 and 641.62-15,047.80 µg/mL for shaking, sonication and Soxhlet extraction methods, respectively. R. communis methanolic extracts revealed mild mutagenicity against TA98 (range 1975 ± 67 to 2628 ± 79 revertant colonies) and TA100 (range 2773 ± 92 to 3461 ± 147 revertant colonies) strains and these values were 3267 ± 278 and 4720 ± 346 revertant colonies in case of TA98 and TA100 positive controls, respectively. R. communis methanolic extracts prevented the H2O2 and UV to Plasmid pBR322 DNA oxidative damage. Results revealed that R. communis is a potential source of bioactive compounds and in future studies the bioactive compounds will be identified by advanced spectroscopic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazhar Abbas
- Department of Basic Sciences, Section Biochemistry, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang Campus, Jhang, 35200, Pakistan
| | - Abid Ali
- College of Allied Health Professional, Directorate of Medical Science, Govt. College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Department of Basic Sciences, Section Biochemistry, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang Campus, Jhang, 35200, Pakistan
| | - Asia Atta
- Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Zahed Mehmood
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Govt. College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Imtiaz Mahmood Tahir
- College of Allied Health Professional, Directorate of Medical Science, Govt. College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Munawar Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
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Subhaswaraj P, Sowmya M, Jobina R, Sudharshan SJ, Dyavaiah M, Siddhardha B. Determination of antioxidant potential of Acacia nilotica leaf extract in oxidative stress response system of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:5247-5253. [PMID: 28474422 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND From ancient times, plants and plant-derived products have been used as folkloric medicines for a variety of health disorders owing to their tremendous therapeutic potential. The present study aimed to determine the antioxidant efficacy of crude Acacia nilotica extract in the oxidative stress response system of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model organism. RESULTS Acacia nilotica showed significant antioxidant activity, with IC50 values of 75.157 and 159.57 µg mL-1 for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities respectively at a concentration of 500 µg mL-1 . The total antioxidant activity of A. nilotica showed an ascorbic acid equivalent of 152.79 ± 7.43 µg mL-1 . The presence of phytoconstituents such as phytol and α-tocopherol from gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis confirmed the potential of A. nilotica as an antioxidant. The results were validated using the stress response mechanism in S. cerevisiae wild type and its isogenic deletion strains sod1Δ and tsa1Δ. Acacia nilotica substantially neutralized reactive oxygen species generated by hydrogen peroxide in mutant strains, as evident from spot assay and fluorescence assay using fluorescence microscopy and intensity studies. CONCLUSION The results suggested the efficacy of A. nilotica as a potent antioxidant in the S. cerevisiae system for the first time and its use in neutraceuticals/therapeutics. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pattnaik Subhaswaraj
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Mani Sowmya
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Rajkumari Jobina
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - S J Sudharshan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
- DBT-Interdisciplinary Program in Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Madhu Dyavaiah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
- DBT-Interdisciplinary Program in Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Busi Siddhardha
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
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Yerlikaya S, Zengin G, Mollica A, Baloglu MC, Celik Altunoglu Y, Aktumsek A. A Multidirectional Perspective for Novel Functional Products: In vitro Pharmacological Activities and In silico Studies on Ononis natrix subsp. hispanica. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:600. [PMID: 28919860 PMCID: PMC5585257 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Ononis has important value as traditional drugs and foods. In the present work, we aimed to assess the chemical profiles and biological effects of Ononis natrix subsp. hispanica extracts (ethyl acetate, methanol, and water). For chemical profile, total and individual phenolic components were detected. For biological effects, antioxidant (DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC, FRAP, phosphomolybdenum, and metal chelating assays), enzyme inhibitory (against cholinesterase, tyrosinase, α-amylase and α-glucosidase), antimicrobial, DNA protection and cytotoxic abilities were tested. The predominant phenolics were apigenin, luteolin, and quercetin in the tested extracts. Generally, the ethyl acetate and methanol extracts were noted as the most active in the antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory assays. Water extract with different concentrations indicated high level of DNA protection activity. Methanol and ethyl acetate extracts showed antibacterial effect against to Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis strains. The cytotoxic effects of O. natrix subsp. hispanica extracts on the survival of HeLa and PC3 cells were determined by MTT cell viability assay. Water and methanol extracts caused initiation of apoptosis for PC3 cell line. Furthermore, molecular docking was performed to better understand interactions between dominant phenolic compounds and selected enzymes. Our results clearly indicate that O. natrix subsp. hispanica could be considered a potential candidate for designing novel pharmaceuticals, cosmeceuticals and nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serife Yerlikaya
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kastamonu UniversityKastamonu, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk UniversityKonya, Turkey
| | - Adriano Mollica
- Department of Pharmacy University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-PescaraChieti, Italy
| | - Mehmet C Baloglu
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kastamonu UniversityKastamonu, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Celik Altunoglu
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kastamonu UniversityKastamonu, Turkey
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Subhaswaraj P, Sowmya M, Bhavana V, Dyavaiah M, Siddhardha B. Determination of antioxidant activity of Hibiscus sabdariffa and Croton caudatus in Saccharomyces cerevisiae model system. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017; 54:2728-2736. [PMID: 28928512 PMCID: PMC5583102 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-017-2709-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
From ancient times, plants and plant derived products are exploited as a prominent source of folkloric medicines with tremendous therapeutic potential for an array of health disorders. In the present study, ethanolic leaf extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa and Croton caudatus were evaluated for free radical scavenging activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae model system. H. sabdariffa and C. caudatus showed tremendous DPPH free radical scavenging potential with an IC50 value of 184.88 and 305.39 µg/mL respectively at a concentration of 500 µg/mL. The ethanolic leaf extract of H. sabdariffa and C. caudatus also showed significant hydoxyl radical scavenging and total antioxidant activity. Ascorbic acid was used as positive control. The in vitro antioxidant activity was further supported by in vivo studies using radical scavenging mechanism in S. cerevisiae wild type and its isogenic deletion strains sod1∆ and tsa1∆. The mutant yeast cells substantially scavenged the stress generated by H2O2 when supplemented with ethanolic leaf extract of H. sabdariffa and C. caudatus as evident from spot assays followed by fluorescence assay (DCF-DA) using fluorescence microscopic and intensity studies. H. sabdariffa and C.caudatus significantly neutralize the ROS level in yeast mutants with concomitant decrease in fluorescence intensity as compared to the untreated yeast cells. The results suggested the efficacy of H. sabdariffa and C. caudatus as potent antioxidants in yeast system and thus their futuristic applications in therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pattnaik Subhaswaraj
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014 India
| | - M Sowmya
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014 India
| | - V Bhavana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014 India
| | - Madhu Dyavaiah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014 India
| | - Busi Siddhardha
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014 India
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Plant flavonoids in cancer chemoprevention: role in genome stability. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 45:1-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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32
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Gade S, Rajamanikyam M, Vadlapudi V, Nukala KM, Aluvala R, Giddigari C, Karanam NJ, Barua NC, Pandey R, Upadhyayula VSV, Sripadi P, Amanchy R, Upadhyayula SM. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of stigmasterol & hexacosanol is responsible for larvicidal and repellent properties of Chromolaena odorata. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:541-550. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Sharma S, Sharma S, Vig AP. Evaluation of antimutagenic and protective effects of Parkinsonia aculeata L. leaves against H2O2 induced damage in pBR322 DNA. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 22:17-31. [PMID: 27186016 PMCID: PMC4840153 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-016-0346-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The in vitro antimutagenic and DNA protecting potential of organic (methanol, hexane, n-butanol) and aqueous extract/fractions of Parkinsonia aculeata L. (Fabaceae) was investigated by employing Ames assay and DNA nicking assay. DNA damage by hydroxyl radicals was effectively inhibited by all the extract/fractions. A marked antimutagenic effect was observed against 4-Nitro-o-phenylenediamine and sodium azide (direct acting mutagens) and 2-Aminofluorene (indirect acting mutagen) in TA98 and TA100 strains of Salmonella typhimurium. In Ames assay, two different modes of experiments i.e. pre-incubation and co-incubation were performed and it was observed that all the extract/fractions showed better results in the pre-incubation as compared to co- incubation mode. Out of all the extract/fractions tested, n-butanol fraction was found to be the most effective in preventing DNA damage and inhibiting mutagenesis. UHPLC analysis of extract/fractions revealed presence of polyphenols such as gallic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, umbelliferone, coumaric acid, rutin, and ellagic acid etc. DNA protecting and antimutagenic activity of this plant could be attributed to presence of these polyphenols. The results of this study indicate the presence of potent antioxidant factors in Parkinsonia aculeata L, which are being explored further for their mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Sharma
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab India
| | - Sushant Sharma
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab India
| | - Adarsh Pal Vig
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab India
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Golla U, Gajam PK, Bhimathati SS. Evaluation of diuretic and laxative activity of hydro-alcoholic extract of Desmostachya bipinnata (L.) Stapf in rats. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2014; 12:372-8. [DOI: 10.1016/s2095-4964(14)60029-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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