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Okuda A, Kintaka Y, Tanabe K, Nakayama T, Shimouchi A, Oku T, Nakamura S. Fructooligosaccharide feeding during gestation to pregnant mice provided excessive folic acid decreases maternal and female fetal oxidative stress by increasing intestinal microbe-derived hydrogen gas. Nutr Res 2023; 120:72-87. [PMID: 37948786 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2023.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Fructooligosaccharide (FOS) is fermented by intestinal microbes to generate intestinal microbe-derived hydrogen gas (IMDH). Oxidative stress increases during gestation, whereas hydrogen gas has antioxidant effects with therapeutic benefits. We have previously reported that the offspring from a pregnant, excessive folic acid mouse model (PEFAM) had abnormal glucose metabolism after growth. We hypothesized that IMDH by FOS feeding during gestation in PEFAM would suppress maternal and fetal oxidative stress. C57BL/6J mice on day 1 of gestation were divided into 3 groups and dissected at gestational day 18. The control (CONT) diet was AIN-93G containing folic acid 2 mg/kg diet; PEFAM was fed with an excessive folic acid (EFA) diet containing folic acid 40 mg/kg diet, and the EFA-FOS diet was replaced half of the sucrose in the EFA diet. Hydrogen gas concentrations in maternal livers and whole fetuses in EFA-FOS were significantly higher than those in CONT and EFA, respectively (P < .05). Maternal and fetal 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine in EFA-FOS were not significantly different from those in the CONT group, whereas those in the EFA group were significantly increased compared with CONT and EFA-FOS (P < .05). In EFA-FOS, expression of protein and mRNA of superoxide dismutase and heme oxygenase 1 in mothers and superoxide dismutase in fetuses were not significantly different from those in CONT, whereas those in EFA were significantly increased (P < .05). The protein expression of Nrf2 in mothers and fetuses were not significantly different between EFA-FOS and CONT. Therefore, FOS feeding to PEFAM during gestation decreases maternal and fetal oxidative stress through IMDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuka Okuda
- Graduate School of Human Life Sciences, Jumonji University, 2-1-28 Sugasawa, Niiza, Saitama 352-8510, Japan.
| | - Yuri Kintaka
- Institute of International Nutrition and Health, Jumonji University, 2-1-28 Sugasawa, Niiza, Saitama 352-8510, Japan; Faculty of School of Health Sciences, Sapporo University of Health Sciences, 2-1-15 Nakanumanishi 4-jo, Higashi-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 007-0894, Japan
| | - Kenichi Tanabe
- Institute of International Nutrition and Health, Jumonji University, 2-1-28 Sugasawa, Niiza, Saitama 352-8510, Japan; Department of Nutritional Sciences, Nakamura Gakuen University, 5-7-1 Befu, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0198, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Nakayama
- Department of Pathology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 807-8555, Japan
| | - Akito Shimouchi
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
| | - Tsuneyuki Oku
- Institute of International Nutrition and Health, Jumonji University, 2-1-28 Sugasawa, Niiza, Saitama 352-8510, Japan
| | - Sadako Nakamura
- Graduate School of Human Life Sciences, Jumonji University, 2-1-28 Sugasawa, Niiza, Saitama 352-8510, Japan; Institute of International Nutrition and Health, Jumonji University, 2-1-28 Sugasawa, Niiza, Saitama 352-8510, Japan
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Alpino GDCÁ, Pereira-Sol GA, Dias MDME, Aguiar ASD, Peluzio MDCG. Beneficial effects of butyrate on brain functions: A view of epigenetic. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:3961-3970. [PMID: 36287024 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2137776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Brain functions are influenced by the presence, activity, and metabolism of the gut microbiota through the gut-microbiota-brain (GMB) axis. The consumption of a fiber-rich diet increases the content of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) from bacterial fermentation in the colon. Among SCFAs, butyrate stands out because of its wide array of biological functions, such as ability to influence brain functions. Pharmacologically, sodium butyrate (NaB) regulates gene expression in the brain, where it has several beneficial effects ranging from neurodegenerative diseases to behavioral disorders through inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDACis). In this context, we review the mechanisms of action of the two types of butyrate on brain functions, with an emphasis on the epigenetic approach. Both types of butyrate are potentially interesting for the prevention and adjuvant therapy of neurological and psychological disorders due to their neuroprotective functions. However, further studies are needed to investigate the possible neuroepigenetic effects of butyrate derived from bacterial fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Aline Silva de Aguiar
- Departamento de Nutrição e Dietética, Faculdade de Nutrição Emília de Jesus Ferreiro, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Brasil
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Nagano M, Fujimura M, Tada Y, Seko Y. Dietary Fructooligosaccharides Reduce Mercury Levels in the Brain of Mice Exposed to Methylmercury. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:522-527. [PMID: 33790104 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b20-00806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) exposure during pregnancy is a concern because of its potential health risks to fetuses. Intestinal microbiota has important roles in the decomposition and fecal excretion of MeHg. We investigated the effect of nondigestible saccharides on the accumulation and excretion of Hg after MeHg exposure. Female BALB/cByJ mice were fed a basal diet or the same diet supplemented with 5% fructooligosaccharides (FOS) or 2.5% glucomannan. Six weeks after feeding, mice were administered MeHg chloride (4 mg Hg/kg, per os (p.o.)), and urine and feces were collected for 28 d. FOS-fed mice had lower total Hg levels in all tissues (including the brain) compared with that of controls. The glucomannan diet had no effect on tissue Hg levels. No differences in tissue concentrations of inorganic Hg among groups were found. Fecal Hg excretion was markedly higher in FOS-fed mice than that in controls, but urinary Hg excretion was similar. FOS-fed mice had a higher proportion of inorganic Hg in feces than that of controls, with a significant increase in fecal Hg excretion. Analysis of fecal bacterial population showed the relative abundance of Bacteroides in FOS-fed mice to be higher than that in controls. The results suggest that FOS enhanced fecal Hg excretion and decreased tissue Hg levels after MeHg administration, possibly by accelerating MeHg demethylation by intestinal bacteria (the candidate genus Bacteroides). This demethylation also reduces MeHg absorption in the large intestine. In conclusion, daily FOS intake may decrease tissue Hg levels in animals and humans exposed to MeHg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Nagano
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, National Institute for Minamata Disease
| | - Masatake Fujimura
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, National Institute for Minamata Disease
| | - Yuya Tada
- Department of Environment and Public Health, National Institute for Minamata Disease
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Senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 mice exhibit specific morphological changes in the small intestine during senescence and after pectin supplemented diet. Exp Gerontol 2020; 142:111099. [PMID: 33011215 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Impairment of gastrointestinal function and reduction of nutrient absorption associated with aging contribute to increased risk of malnutrition in the elderly population, resulting in physical weakness and vulnerability to disease. The present study was performed to examine the relationships between aging-associated morphological changes of the small intestine and nutrient malabsorption using senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice. Comparison of the morphology of the small intestine of young (22-week-old) and senescent (43-week-old) SAMP8 mice showed no significant changes in villus length, while the mRNA expression levels of secretory cell marker genes were significantly reduced in senescent mice. In addition, crypts recovered from the small intestine of senescent mice showed a good capacity to form intestinal organoids ex vivo, suggesting that the regenerative capacity of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) was unaffected by accelerated senescence. These results indicated that changes induced by accelerated senescence in the small intestine of SAMP8 mice are different from changes reported previously in normal aging mouse models. Biochemical analyses of serum before and during senescence also indicated that senescent SAMP8 mice are not in a malabsorption state. Furthermore, a diet supplemented with persimmon pectin had a mild effect on the small intestine of senescent SAMP8 mice. Intestinal villus length was slightly increased in the medial part of the small intestine of pectin-fed mice. In contrast, intestinal crypt formation capacity was enhanced by the pectin diet. Organoid culture derived from the small intestine of mice fed pectin exhibited a greater number of lobes per organoid compared with those from mice fed a control diet, and Lyz1 and Olfm4 mRNA levels were significantly increased. In conclusion, accelerated senescence induced exclusive changes in the small intestine, which were not related to nutrient malabsorption. Therefore, the SAMP8 strain may not be a suitable model to evaluate the effects of aging on intestinal homeostasis and nutrient absorption impairment.
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Nakamura S, Yamate M, Tanabe K, Osada S, Oku T. Highly Cross-linked Starch and Modified Cellulose as Dietary Fibers, and their Acclimation Effect on Hydrogen Excretion in Rats. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401314666181112143530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Highly cross-linked phosphate starch (HCPS) and modified cellulose (MC)
were newly developed and modified dietary fiber materials to prevent lifestyle-related diseases.
Objective:
We investigated the physiological property of HCPS and MC to be a dietary fiber.
Methods:
HCPS was made from tapioca starch by polymerization in the presence of 0.5% phosphoric
acid, and MC was made from cellulose, maltodextrin and karaya gum by high-speed mixing. In the
present study, rats were raised on a diet containing 10% or 15% HCPS, or 10% MC for four weeks,
and physical effects such as growth, organ weights, blood biomedical parameters, fecal weight, and
hydrogen excretion were recorded.
Results:
Growth was normal among all groups, and there was no significant difference in total body
weight gain. Some organ weights including the adipose tissues differed slightly among groups, but
no difference based on diet composition was observed. Blood biomedical parameters were normal
and not significantly different among groups. Cecum tissue and content weights were significantly
greater in the 15% HCPS, 10% MC, and 10% fructooligosaccharide (FOS) groups than in the control
group, and fecal weight was significantly increased in the 10% and 15% HCPS, and 10% MC groups
compared with the control group. Hydrogen excretion over 24 h was negligible when HCPS was administered
orally to rats non-acclimatized to HCPS but increased significantly in rats acclimatized to
10% HCPS diet for one week.
Conclusion:
We conclude that both HCPS and MC could be suitable for use as low energy bulking
materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadako Nakamura
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Jumonji University, 2-1-28 Sugasawa, Niiza, Saitama 352-8510, Japan
| | - Misa Yamate
- Graduate School of Human Life Science, Jumonji University, 2-1-28 Sugasawa, Niiza, Saitama 352-8510, Japan
| | - Kenichi Tanabe
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nagoya Women's University, 3-40, Shioji, Mizuho, Nagoya, 467-8610, Japan
| | - Sanae Osada
- Junior College, Department of Food and Nutrition, Kagawa Education Institute of Nutrition, 3-24-3, Komagome, Toshima, Tokyo 170-8481, Japan
| | - Tsuneyuki Oku
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Jumonji University, 2-1-28 Sugasawa, Niiza, Saitama 352-8510, Japan
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Xia C, Cao X, Cui L, Liu H, Wang S, Chen T. Anti-aging effect of the combination of Bifidobacterium longum and B. animalis in a d-galactose-treated mice. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Shinohara M, Kiyosue M, Tochio T, Kimura S, Koga Y. Activation of butyrate-producing bacteria as well as bifidobacteria in the cat intestinal microbiota by the administration of 1-kestose, the smallest component of fructo-oligosaccharide. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:866-874. [PMID: 32389951 PMCID: PMC7399319 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
1-kestose is a structural component of fructo-oligosaccharides and is composed of 2 fructose residues bound to sucrose through β2-1 bonds. In the present study, the influence of the ingestion of 1-kestose on the intestinal microbiota was investigated in cats. Six healthy cats were administered 1 g/day of 1-kestose for 8 weeks followed by a 2-week wash-out period. Fecal samples were collected from cats after 0, 4, 8, and 10 weeks. The intestinal microbiota was examined by a 16S rRNA gene metagenomic analysis and real-time PCR. Short-chain fatty acids were measured by GC/MS. The results suggested that the intestinal bacterial community structure in feline assigned to this study was divided into 2 types: one group mainly composed of the genus Lactobacillus (GA) and the other mainly composed of the genus Blautia with very few bacteria of Lactobacillus (GB). Furthermore, the number of Bifidobacterium slightly increased after the administration of 1-kestose (at 4 and 8 weeks) (P<0.1). The administration of 1-kestose also increased the abundance of Megasphaera, the butyric acid-producing bacteria, at 4 and 8 weeks (P<0.1). Furthermore, an increase in butyric acid levels was observed after the administration of 1-kestose for 4 weeks (P<0.1). These results suggest that 1-kestose activated butyrate-producing bacteria as well as bifidobacteria and propose its potential as a new generation prebiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Takumi Tochio
- B Food Science Co., Ltd., Chita, Aichi 478-0046, Japan
| | - Seiji Kimura
- Nisshin Petfood Inc., Nasu-Shiobara, Tochigi 329-2763, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Koga
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan.,Japanese Society for Probiotic Science, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1143, Japan
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Short-chain fructo-oligosaccharides alleviates oxidized oil-induced intestinal dysfunction in piglets associated with the modulation of gut microbiota. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Olivares M, Rodriguez J, Pötgens SA, Neyrinck AM, Cani PD, Bindels LB, Delzenne NM. The Janus Face of Cereals: Wheat-Derived Prebiotics Counteract the Detrimental Effect of Gluten on Metabolic Homeostasis in Mice Fed a High-Fat/High-Sucrose Diet. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1900632. [PMID: 31608562 PMCID: PMC7003472 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Cereals are important sources of carbohydrates, but also contain nutrients that could impact adiposity. The contribution of gluten to obesity and the effects of prebiotics-arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides (AXOS) and fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS)-that can be extracted from gluten-containing cereals are analyzed. METHODS AND RESULTS Mice are fed a control diet, Western diet (WD, consisting of high fat/high sucrose), or WD with 5% gluten. Prebiotics are tested in the WD with gluten. Gluten does not increase body weight and has a minor effect on ileal inflammation. Gluten decreases the expression of browning markers in the fat and increases the triglycerides synthesis in the muscle. AXOS decreases body weight and adiposity in fat pads muscle and liver. AXOS promotes gluten cleavage by the induction of prolyl endopeptidase that is translated into a reduction of gluten immunogenic peptides. Gluten has minor effects on cecal microbiota composition, whereas prebiotics increased Bifidobacterium, Butyricicoccus, Prevotella, and Parasutterella, which are all negatively correlated to the cecal content of gluten peptides. CONCLUSION While gluten may affect metabolic homeostasis, these effects are lessened when gluten is consumed along with cereal-derived fibers. If confirmed in humans, the authors bring new arguments to eat fiber-rich cereals to promote a healthy diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Olivares
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research InstituteUniversité catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain)B‐1200BrusselsBelgium
| | - Julie Rodriguez
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research InstituteUniversité catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain)B‐1200BrusselsBelgium
| | - Sarah A. Pötgens
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research InstituteUniversité catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain)B‐1200BrusselsBelgium
| | - Audrey M. Neyrinck
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research InstituteUniversité catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain)B‐1200BrusselsBelgium
| | - Patrice D. Cani
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research InstituteUniversité catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain)B‐1200BrusselsBelgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO)Louvain Drug Research InstituteUCLouvainB‐1200BrusselsBelgium
| | - Laure B. Bindels
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research InstituteUniversité catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain)B‐1200BrusselsBelgium
| | - Nathalie M. Delzenne
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research InstituteUniversité catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain)B‐1200BrusselsBelgium
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Ide K, Shinohara M, Yamagishi S, Endo A, Nishifuji K, Tochio T. Kestose supplementation exerts bifidogenic effect within fecal microbiota and increases fecal butyrate concentration in dogs. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 82:1-8. [PMID: 31761826 PMCID: PMC6983673 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Kestose, a fructooligosaccharide (FOS) with one fructose monomer linked to sucrose, is a key component of the prebiotic activity of FOS. This study aimed to evaluate the prebiotic potential
of Kestose in terms of the impact on population change in the intestinal microbiota and fecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentration in dogs. Kestose 2 g per dog was administered daily
with conventional diet to 6 healthy, adult beagle dogs for 8 weeks followed by 4 weeks of follow-up period without Kestose supplementation. Fresh fecal samples were obtained before and every
4 weeks until the end of the follow-up period. Genomic DNA extracted from the fecal samples was subjected to 16S rRNA gene analysis using next generation sequencer and to quantitative
polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Fecal acetate, propionate, butyrate, lactate and ethanol concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. 16S rRNA gene analysis and
qPCR showed increasing trend of genus Bifidobacterium after Kestose supplementation while genera Bacteroides and Sutterella decreased.
Clostridium perfringens decreased below the detection limit within first 4 weeks after starting Kestose supplementation. Fecal butyrate concentration was significantly
increased at week 8 and returned to the base level after 4 weeks of the washing period. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to reveal effect of Kestose on the populational
changes in fecal microbiota and fecal butyrate concentration in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Ide
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Mikako Shinohara
- B Food Science Co., Ltd., 24-12 Kitahama, Chita, Aichi 478-0046, Japan
| | - Shohei Yamagishi
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Akihito Endo
- Tokyo University of Agriculture, 196 Yasaka, Abashiri, Hokkaido 099-2493, Japan
| | - Koji Nishifuji
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Takumi Tochio
- B Food Science Co., Ltd., 24-12 Kitahama, Chita, Aichi 478-0046, Japan
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Kondo T, Saigo S, Ugawa S, Kato M, Yoshikawa Y, Miyoshi N, Tanabe K. Prebiotic effect of fructo-oligosaccharides on the inner ear of DBA/2 J mice with early-onset progressive hearing loss. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 75:108247. [PMID: 31707282 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.108247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nutrition and dietary habits contribute to the onset and progression of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) are non-digestible oligosaccharides and are known as prebiotics, which enhance short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production and antioxidant activity. Although a substantial number of studies have shown that FOS play a role in the prevention of lifestyle-related diseases as prebiotics, little is known about the effects on the inner ear. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of FOS on gene expression and spiral ganglion neuron (SGN) protection in the inner ear of DBA/2 J mice, which is a model for early-onset progressive hearing loss. DBA/2 J mice were fed either control diet or FOS diet contained 10% (w/w) of FOS for 8 weeks. Analysis of mice fed the FOS diet revealed a change in intestinal flora including an inversion of the ratio of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, which was followed by a significant increase in SCFAs in the cecum and a decrease in an oxidative stress marker in the serum. In the inner ear, gene expression of neurotrophin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), its receptor, tyrosine kinase receptor b (Trkb), and the SCFA receptor, free fatty acid receptor 3 (FFAR3), were increased by FOS. In addition, the survival rate of SGNs in the inner ear was maintained in FOS-fed mice. Altogether, these results suggest that a compositional variation of the intestinal flora due to a prebiotic effect may be involved in the progression of SNHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Kondo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life and Environmental Sciences, Nagoya Women's University, 3-40 Shioji-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8610, Japan.
| | - Saori Saigo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life and Environmental Sciences, Nagoya Women's University, 3-40 Shioji-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8610, Japan.
| | - Shinya Ugawa
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 1Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan.
| | - Mai Kato
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Yuto Yoshikawa
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Noriyuki Miyoshi
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Kenichi Tanabe
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life and Environmental Sciences, Nagoya Women's University, 3-40 Shioji-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8610, Japan.
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Tochio T, Ueno Y, Kitaura Y, Shinohara M, Kadota Y, Minoda K, Shimomura Y, Osawa T. Feeding of 1-Kestose Induces Glutathione-S-Transferase Expression in Mouse Liver. Foods 2019; 8:foods8020069. [PMID: 30781821 PMCID: PMC6406667 DOI: 10.3390/foods8020069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional food ingredients, including prebiotics, have been increasingly developed for human health. The improvement of the human intestinal environment is one of their main targets. Fructooligosaccarides (FOS) are oligosaccharide fructans that are well studied and commercialized prebiotics. 1-Kestose, one of the components of FOS, is considered to be a key prebiotic component in FOS. However, to our knowledge, no studies have been reported on the physiological efficacy of 1-Kestose regarding its anti-oxidative activity. In the present study, we examined the effects of dietary 1-Kestose on gene expression of antioxidative enzymes in the liver, kidney and epididymal adipose tissue of mice by quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). We demonstrated that a 1-Kestose-rich diet increased mRNA and enzymatic activity levels of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in mouse liver. These results suggest the possibility that dietary 1-Kestose as a prebiotic may enhance antioxidative activity in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Tochio
- Research and Development Center, B Food Science Co., Ltd., Aichi 478-0046, Japan.
| | - Yuki Ueno
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Psychological and Physical Science, Aichi Gakuin University, Aichi 470-0195, Japan.
| | - Yasuyuki Kitaura
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
| | - Mikako Shinohara
- Research and Development Center, B Food Science Co., Ltd., Aichi 478-0046, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiro Kadota
- Research and Development Center, B Food Science Co., Ltd., Aichi 478-0046, Japan.
| | - Kanako Minoda
- Research and Development Center, B Food Science Co., Ltd., Aichi 478-0046, Japan.
| | - Yoshiharu Shimomura
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
| | - Toshihiko Osawa
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Psychological and Physical Science, Aichi Gakuin University, Aichi 470-0195, Japan.
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Tanabe K, Nakamura S, Moriyama-Hashiguchi M, Kitajima M, Ejima H, Imori C, Oku T. Dietary Fructooligosaccharide and Glucomannan Alter Gut Microbiota and Improve Bone Metabolism in Senescence-Accelerated Mouse. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:867-874. [PMID: 30632742 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota improved using prebiotics may delay the onset of senescence-related health problems. We hypothesized that prolonged intake of prebiotics delays senile osteoporosis. Forty-five male senescence-accelerated mouse prone 6 (SAMP6) aged four weeks were raised on 5% fructooligosaccharide (FOS), 5% glucomannan (GM), or a control diet for 31 weeks. Gut microbiota were identified using culture-dependent analytical methods. Mineral content in femoral bone was analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Bone metabolism and inflammatory markers were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The numbers of Lactobacillus and Bacteroides in cecal contents were significantly higher in the FOS than in the control group ( p < 0.05); the number of Clostridium was significantly higher in the GM than in the control group ( p < 0.05). Calcium content was significantly higher in the femoral bones of the FOS group (30.5 ± 0.8 mg) than in the control group (27.5 ± 1.5 mg) ( p < 0.05). There was no difference between the GM (29.1 ± 2.0 mg) and control groups. During senescence, urinary deoxypyridinoline and serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels significantly decreased in the FOS (1.2 ± 0.2 nmol/3 d and 80 ± 6.1 ng/100 mL) and GM groups (1.2 ± 0.2 nmol/3 d and 80 ± 6.1 ng/100 mL) compared with the control group (1.8 ± 0.5 nmol/3 d and 93 ± 7.4 ng/100 mL) ( p < 0.05). Thus, dietary FOS and GM modified gut microbiota and reduced bone resorption by reducing systemic inflammation in SAMP6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Tanabe
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nagoya Women's University , 3-40 Shioji-cho , Mizuho-ku, Nagoya , Aichi 467-8610 , Japan
| | - Sadako Nakamura
- Institute of Food, Nutrition & Health , Jumonji University , 2-1-28 Sugasawa , Niiza , Saitama 352-8510 , Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Tsuneyuki Oku
- Institute of Food, Nutrition & Health , Jumonji University , 2-1-28 Sugasawa , Niiza , Saitama 352-8510 , Japan
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Pellizzon MA, Ricci MR. The common use of improper control diets in diet-induced metabolic disease research confounds data interpretation: the fiber factor. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2018; 15:3. [PMID: 29371873 PMCID: PMC5769545 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-018-0243-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diets used to induce metabolic disease are generally high in fat and refined carbohydrates and importantly, are usually made with refined, purified ingredients. However, researchers will often use a low fat grain-based (GB) diet containing unrefined ingredients as the control diet. Such a comparison between two completely different diet types makes it impossible to draw conclusions regarding the phenotypic differences driven by diet. While many compositional differences can account for this, one major difference that could have the greatest impact between GB and purified diets is the fiber content, both in terms of the level and composition. We will review recent data showing how fiber differences between GB diets and purified diets can significantly influence gut health and microbiota, which itself can affect metabolic disease development. Researchers need to consider the control diet carefully in order to make the best use of precious experimental resources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew R Ricci
- Research Diets, Inc, 20 Jules Lane, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA
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Lima GC, Vieira VCC, Cazarin CBB, Ribeiro RDR, Junior SB, de Albuquerque CL, Vidal RO, Netto CC, Yamada ÁT, Augusto F, Maróstica Junior MR. Fructooligosaccharide intake promotes epigenetic changes in the intestinal mucosa in growing and ageing rats. Eur J Nutr 2017; 57:1499-1510. [PMID: 28324207 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1435-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between fructooligosaccharide (FOS) intake at different life stages of Wistar rats and its stimulatory effects on intestinal parameters. METHODS Recently weaned and ageing female rats were divided into growing and ageing treatments, which were fed diets that partially replaced sucrose with FOS for 12 weeks. RESULTS Dietary FOS intake induced a significant increase in the numbers of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in growing rats. FOS intake was associated with increased butyric acid levels and a reduced pH of the caecal contents at both ages. Differential gene expression patterns were observed by microarray analysis of growing and ageing animals fed the FOS diet. A total of 133 genes showed detectable changes in expression in the growing rats, while there were only 19 gene expression changes in ageing rats fed with FOS. CONCLUSION These results suggest that dietary FOS intake may be beneficial for some parameters of intestinal health in growing rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ramon Oliveira Vidal
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, Université de Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Claudia Cardoso Netto
- Department of Biochemistry, Biological Sciences and Health Center, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Fabio Augusto
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mário Roberto Maróstica Junior
- School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. .,Laboratório de Nutrição e Metabolismo-Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, R. Monteiro Lobato 80, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil.
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Tochio T, Kitaura Y, Nakamura S, Sugawa C, Takahashi M, Endo A, Shimomura Y. An Alteration in the Cecal Microbiota Composition by Feeding of 1-Kestose Results in a Marked Increase in the Cecal Butyrate Content in Rats. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166850. [PMID: 27861621 PMCID: PMC5115820 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional food ingredients, including prebiotics, have been ardently developed for improving the intestinal environment. Fructooligosaccarides (FOS), including fructans, are the well researched and commercialized prebiotics. However, to our knowledge, few studies have been conducted on the physiological effects of each component of FOS as prebiotics. 1-Kestose, a component of FOS, is composed of one glucose and two fructose molecules, and is considered as a key prebiotic component in short-chain FOS. In the present study, we examined the effects of dietary 1-kestose using 0.5-5% 1-kestose diets on cecal microbiota composition and cecal contents of short-chain fatty acids and lactate in rats. The findings indicate that dietary 1-kestose induced cecal hypertrophy and alterations in the cecal microbiota composition, including a marked increase in the cell number of Bifidobacterium spp. These alterations were associated with significant increases in acetate and lactate, and a marked increase in butyrate in cecal contents. Furthermore, dietary 1-kestose induced a significant decrease in serum insulin concentration in rats fed 2.5-5% 1-kestose diet. These findings suggest a potential of 1-kestose to be a prebiotic for improving the metabolism of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yasuyuki Kitaura
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | | | - Chie Sugawa
- B Food Science Co., Ltd., Chita, Aichi, Japan
| | - Motoki Takahashi
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akihito Endo
- Department of Food and Cosmetic Science, Faculty of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Abashiri, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Shimomura
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Stilling RM, van de Wouw M, Clarke G, Stanton C, Dinan TG, Cryan JF. The neuropharmacology of butyrate: The bread and butter of the microbiota-gut-brain axis? Neurochem Int 2016; 99:110-132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Varasteh S, Braber S, Garssen J, Fink-Gremmels J. Galacto-oligosaccharides exert a protective effect against heat stress in a Caco-2 cell model. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Borges Haubert NJBG, Marchini JS, Carvalho Cunha SF, Suen VMM, Padovan GJ, Jordao AA, Marchini Alves CMM, Marchini JFM, Vannucchi H. Choline and Fructooligosaccharide: Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Cardiac Fat Deposition, and Oxidative Stress Markers. Nutr Metab Insights 2015; 8:1-6. [PMID: 25987847 PMCID: PMC4425195 DOI: 10.4137/nmi.s24385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in rats with choline and fructooligosaccharide (FOS). The healthy control group received standard diet. The other three groups consisted of animals with NAFLD. Group Estr received standard diet; group Echo received standard diet plus choline (3 g/100 g diet); and group Efos received standard diet plus FOS (10 g/100 g diet). Food intake, weight, urinary nitrogen, urinary ammonia, total cholesterol, serum triacylglyceride, liver and heart weights, tissue nitrogen, tissue fat, vitamin E, TBARS, and reduced glutathione (GSH) were measured in hepatic and heart tissue. Choline and FOS treatments resulted in total mean fat reduction in liver and heart tissue of 0.2 and 1.7 g, respectively. Both treatments were equally effective in reducing hepatic and cardiac steatosis. There were no differences in the TBARS level among experimental and control groups, indicating that the proposed treatments had no added protection against free radicals. While all experimental groups had increased vitamin E and GSH levels, choline treatment led to a significant increase compared to control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Alceu Afonso Jordao
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Helio Vannucchi
- Division of Medical Nutrition (Nutrology), São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil
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