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Osman HA, Tag-Adeen M, Abdelaal UM, Elgezawy E, Nasif KA, Nafady A. Different aspects of immunological profile in patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty liver disease. Acta Gastroenterol Belg 2024; 87:274-281. [PMID: 39210759 DOI: 10.51821/87.2.12205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Background NAFLD is thought to affect approximately one-fourth of the world's population. Therefore, we evaluated the role of serum complement and immunoglobulins in the NAFLD pathogenesis. Patients and methods 200 participants were used in this study, divided into two groups; Group I: 100 NAFLD patients and Group II: 100 healthy volunteers. The diagnosis of NAFLD is based on non-invasive methods, following the EASL guideline 2022. IgG, IgM, IgA, C3, and C4 assays were performed on all participants. Results When the immunological profiles of patients with NAFLD and healthy controls were compared, it was found that the mean IgA in NAFLD patients was (4.20±5.07), whereas the mean IgA in healthy controls was (2.22±1.05) (P=0.000). Additionally, a significant increase in IgG was found in NAFLD patients (17.08±3.87) compared with healthy controls (11.59±3.34), with a P value of (p<0.001). complement C3 and complement C4 levels significantly increased in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients (1.28± 0.61 and 0.40 ± 0.19, respectively), compared to healthy controls (0.90 ±0.27 and 0.30 ±0.12, respectively), with a significant P value (p<0.001 for each). Conclusions Elevated IgA, IgG, C3 and C4 exist in patients with NAFLD and could be associated with fatty liver development and progression of hepatic fibrosis in patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Osman
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology, Qena Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - M Tag-Adeen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Qena Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - U M Abdelaal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology Unit, Sohag University, Egypt
| | - E Elgezawy
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Egypt
| | - K A Nasif
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, KSA, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Egypt
| | - A Nafady
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Qena Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
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Bhayani PD, Parameswaran SA, Palaniswamy KR, Piramanayagam P, Murugan N. Is Aspartate Aminotransferase to Platelet Ratio Index a Better Noninvasive Score for Predicting Advanced Fibrosis in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Patients? Euroasian J Hepatogastroenterol 2024; 14:35-39. [PMID: 39022213 PMCID: PMC11249902 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10018-1425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In the 21st century, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent liver disorder. The prevalence of NAFLD within the general population in India ranges from 9 to 53%. The gold standard for assessing the severity of liver fibrosis is liver biopsy. However, due to various difficulties involved with liver biopsy, it is imperative to identify different non-invasive tools that can replace liver biopsy. Methodology A prospective observational study of 130 patients meeting the inclusion criteria for NAFLD was done for a period of 18 months. We aimed to compare the performance characteristics of different noninvasive scores [fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) score, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score (NFS), and aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI)] in predicting advanced fibrosis as assessed by FibroScan. Results In the study, 76.9% of patients were male. Advanced fibrosis was seen in 12.3% of the patients. Majority of the patients with advanced fibrosis had metabolic syndrome. Based on the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), the new cut-off for ruling out advanced fibrosis for FIB-4, NFS, and APRI were 1.18, -0.9, and 0.65, respectively, and APRI had the best AUROC (0.768). Conclusion Abnormal glycemic status and metabolic syndrome were risk factors for advanced fibrosis. The newly derived cut-offs for the FIB-4 score, NFS score, and APRI score had a better Negative predictive value compared to the original cut-offs. How to cite this article Bhayani PD, Parameswaran SA, Palaniswamy KR, et al. Is Aspartate Aminotransferase to Platelet Ratio Index a Better Noninvasive Score for Predicting Advanced Fibrosis in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Patients? Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2024;14(1):35-39.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyansh D Bhayani
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Apollo Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | | | | - Natarajan Murugan
- Department of Hepatology, Apollo Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Lee XH, Nor LM, Ang CS, Yeow TP, Lim SL. The Prevalence of Advanced Liver Fibrosis Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Single-Centre Experience in Penang, Malaysia. J ASEAN Fed Endocr Soc 2023; 38:52-61. [PMID: 37252406 PMCID: PMC10213172 DOI: 10.15605/jafes.038.01.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an important risk factor for Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). It worsens the course of NAFLD. We investigated the prevalence of advanced liver fibrosis among patients with T2DM. Our secondary objectives were to describe patient demographics, to explore associated clinical factors, and to compare FIB-4 Index and liver stiffness measurement (LSM). METHODOLOGY This was a cross-sectional study on 258 patients with T2DM duration of at least 10 years. Transient elastography (FibroScan®) was performed on all subjects. Advanced liver fibrosis was diagnosed based on LSM results. The FIB-4 index formula was used. RESULTS The prevalence of advanced liver fibrosis was 22.1%. Associated factors were body mass index (BMI), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Independent factors were BMI and GGT (p=0.003 and p<0.001). FIB-4 index has 30.0% sensitivity, 85.0% specificity, 38.7% positive predictive value, and 79.4% negative predictive value in detecting advanced liver fibrosis by LSM criteria. CONCLUSION Our study confirmed the high prevalence of advanced liver fibrosis among patients with long-standing T2DM. This study suggests the benefit of advanced liver fibrosis screening in patients with a minimum of 10 years of T2DM, especially those with high BMI and GGT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xe Hui Lee
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine, Penang General Hospital, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Lisa Mohamed Nor
- Clinical Research Center, Putrajaya Hospital, Wilayah Persekutuan Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Choon Seong Ang
- Clinical Research Center, Penang General Hospital, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Toh Peng Yeow
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine, Penang General Hospital, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Shueh Lin Lim
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine, Penang General Hospital, Penang, Malaysia
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Banys V, Aleknavičiūtė-Valienė G. Clinical importance of laboratory biomarkers in liver fibrosis. Biochem Med (Zagreb) 2022; 32:030501. [PMID: 36277426 PMCID: PMC9562801 DOI: 10.11613/bm.2022.030501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic cirrhosis is a major health problem across the world, causing high morbidity and mortality. This disease has many etiologies, yet the result of chronic hepatic injury is hepatic fibrosis causing cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, as the liver’s architecture is progressively destroyed. While liver biopsy is currently the gold standard for fibrosis staging, it has significant disadvantages, leading to a growing interest in non-invasive markers. Direct biomarkers – hyaluronic acid, laminin, collagen type III N-peptide, type IV collagen and cholylglycine – are new and rarely applied in routine clinical practice. This is the case primarily because there is no general consensus regarding the clinical application and effectiveness of the individual biomarkers. The usage of these markers in routine clinical practice could be advantageous for patients with liver fibrosis, requiring a simple blood test instead of a biopsy. The former option would be especially attractive for patients who are contraindicated for the latter. This review summarizes recent findings on direct biomarkers of liver fibrosis and highlights their possible applications and potential benefit for liver fibrosis diagnostics and/or staging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valdas Banys
- Department of Physiology, Biochemistry, Microbiology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Zanelatto ADCO, Lacerda GDS, Accardo CDM, do Rosário NF, da Silva AA, Motta G, Tersariol ILDS, Xavier AR. Cathepsin B and Plasma Kallikrein Are Reliable Biomarkers to Discriminate Clinically Significant Hepatic Fibrosis in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis-C Infection. Microorganisms 2022; 10:1769. [PMID: 36144371 PMCID: PMC9501310 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to determine the biomarker performance of the proteolytic enzymes cathepsin B (Cat B) and plasma kallikrein (PKa) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β to detect hepatic fibrosis (HF) in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients. We studied 53 CHC patients and 71 healthy controls (HCs). Hepatic-disease stage was determined by liver biopsies, aminotransferase:platelet ratio index (APRI) and Fibrosis (FIB)4. Hepatic inflammation and HF in CHC patients were stratified using the METAVIR scoring system. Cat-B and PKa activities were monitored fluorometrically. Serum levels of TGF-β (total and its active form) were determined using ELISA-like fluorometric methods. Increased serum levels of Cat B and PKa were found (p < 0.0001) in CHC patients with clinically significant HF and hepatic inflammation compared with HCs. Levels of total TGF-β (p < 0.0001) and active TGF-β (p < 0.001) were increased in CHC patients compared with HCs. Cat-B levels correlated strongly with PKa levels (r = 0.903, p < 0.0001) in CHC patients but did not correlate in HCs. Levels of Cat B, PKa and active TGF-β increased with the METAVIR stage of HF. Based on analyses of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, Cat B and PKa showed high diagnostic accuracy (area under ROC = 0.99 ± 0.02 and 0.991 ± 0.007, respectively) for distinguishing HF in CHC patients from HCs. Taken together, Cat B and PKa could be used as circulating biomarkers to detect HF in HCV-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gilmar de Souza Lacerda
- Laboratório Multiusuário de Apoio à Pesquisa em Nefrologia e Ciências Médicas, Departamento de Medicina Clínica—LAMAP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24033-900, RJ, Brazil
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24033-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Camila de Melo Accardo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04044-020, SP, Brazil
| | - Natalia Fonseca do Rosário
- Laboratório Multiusuário de Apoio à Pesquisa em Nefrologia e Ciências Médicas, Departamento de Medicina Clínica—LAMAP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24033-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Andréa Alice da Silva
- Laboratório Multiusuário de Apoio à Pesquisa em Nefrologia e Ciências Médicas, Departamento de Medicina Clínica—LAMAP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24033-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Guacyara Motta
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04044-020, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Analucia Rampazzo Xavier
- Laboratório Multiusuário de Apoio à Pesquisa em Nefrologia e Ciências Médicas, Departamento de Medicina Clínica—LAMAP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24033-900, RJ, Brazil
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24033-900, RJ, Brazil
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Liu Y, Zhang P, Li J, Li H, Zhou C, Zhang Y, Ming Y. Association between serum lipid profile and liver fibrosis in patients infected with Schistosoma japonicum. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:268. [PMID: 35906693 PMCID: PMC9336000 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05359-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Liver fibrosis is thought to have a close relationship with lipid profile. The possible association between lipids and liver fibrosis of different etiologies has been widely explored. However, the association between lipids and liver fibrosis in patients infected with Schistosoma japonicum remains unclear. In the present study we undertook a preliminary exploration of the association between lipid profile and liver fibrosis, and developed a new predictive index for liver fibrosis in S. japonicum-infected patients. Methods A total of 1503 patients diagnosed with S. japonicum at Xiangyue Hospital, China were enrolled in this retrospective study. The patients were divided into two groups, i.e., those with and those without liver fibrosis, by two experienced schistosomiasis specialists, according to the results of liver ultrasound examination. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected. Multivariable logistic models were used to estimate the independent associations between lipid profile and liver fibrosis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess the discriminative ability of the new index in predicting liver fibrosis in patients with schistosomiasis. Results Logistic regression analysis showed that high-density lipoprotein (HDL) [adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 95% confidence interval (CI) 7.334, 5.051–10.649; P < 0.001], low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (aOR, 95% CI 0.434, 0.370–0.509; P < 0.001), hemoglobin (HB) (aOR, 95% CI 0.979, 0.971–0.987; P < 0.001) and platelets (PLT) (aOR, 95% CI 0.996, 0.994–0.999; P < 0.001) were independently associated with liver fibrosis in patients with schistosomiasis. ROC analysis indicated that the combination of HDL, LDL and HB levels [(HDL × 100)/(LDL × HB)] had a higher area under the ROC curve (AUC = 0.773), and thus may better predict liver fibrosis than the aspartate transaminase-to-platelet ratio index (AUC = 0.608) and fibrosis index based on four factors (AUC = 0.624). Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report that HDL, LDL, HB and PLT levels are independently associated with liver fibrosis in patients with schistosomiasis. (HDL × 100)/(LDL × HB) outperformed the aspartate transaminase-to-platelet ratio index and fibrosis index based on four factors in terms of ROC, and thus could be a new predictive index for liver fibrosis. These findings may help clinicians to more easily and effectively diagnose liver fibrosis in patients with schistosomiasis. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Transplantation Center, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - PengPeng Zhang
- Transplantation Center, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine, National Health Commission, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - JunHui Li
- Transplantation Center, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine, National Health Commission, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Hao Li
- Transplantation Center, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chen Zhou
- Transplantation Center, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Transplantation Center, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - YingZi Ming
- Transplantation Center, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China. .,Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine, National Health Commission, Changsha, 410013, China.
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Carteri RB, Grellert M, Borba DL, Marroni CA, Fernandes SA. Machine learning approaches using blood biomarkers in non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases. Artif Intell Gastroenterol 2022; 3:80-87. [DOI: 10.35712/aig.v3.i3.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an important public health concern. Early diagnosis of NAFLD and potential progression to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), could reduce the further advance of the disease, and improve patient outcomes. Aiming to support patient diagnostic and predict specific outcomes, the interest in artificial intelligence (AI) methods in hepatology has dramatically increased, especially with the application of less-invasive biomarkers. In this review, our objective was twofold: Firstly, we presented the most frequent blood biomarkers in NAFLD and NASH and secondly, we reviewed recent literature regarding the use of machine learning (ML) methods to predict NAFLD and NASH in large cohorts. Strikingly, these studies provide insights into ML application in NAFLD patients' prognostics and ranked blood biomarkers are able to provide a recognizable signature allowing cost-effective NAFLD prediction and also differentiating NASH patients. Future studies should consider the limitations in the current literature and expand the application of these algorithms in different populations, fortifying an already promising tool in medical science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randhall B Carteri
- Department of Nutrition, Methodist University Center - IPA, Porto Alegre 90420-060, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Department of Health and Behaviour, Catholic University of Pelotas, Pelotas 96015-560, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mateus Grellert
- Department of Informatics and Statistics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Daniela Luisa Borba
- Postgraduate Program in Hepatology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Claudio Augusto Marroni
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Alves Fernandes
- Postgraduate Program in Hepatology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Kim HK, Lee M, Lee YH, Kang ES, Cha BS, Lee BW. Renal Tubular Damage Marker, Urinary N-acetyl-β-D-Glucosaminidase, as a Predictive Marker of Hepatic Fibrosis in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Metab J 2022; 46:104-116. [PMID: 34253010 PMCID: PMC8831822 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2020.0273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis is closely associated with the progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We investigated whether urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (u-NAG), an early renal tubular damage biomarker in DKD, could be related to the degree of hepatic fibrosis in patients with T2DM. METHODS A total of 300 patients with T2DM were enrolled in this study. Hepatic steatosis and fibrosis were determined using transient elastography. The levels of urinary biomarkers, including u-NAG, albumin, protein, and creatinine, and glucometabolic parameters were measured. RESULTS Based on the median value of the u-NAG to creatinine ratio (u-NCR), subjects were divided into low and high u-NCR groups. The high u-NCR group showed a significantly longer duration of diabetes, worsened hyperglycemia, and a more enhanced hepatic fibrosis index. A higher u-NCR was associated with a greater odds ratio for the risk of higher hepatic fibrosis stage (F2: odds ratio, 1.99; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04 to 3.82). Also, u-NCR was an independent predictive marker for more advanced hepatic fibrosis, even after adjusting for several confounding factors (β=1.58, P<0.01). CONCLUSION The elevation of u-NAG was independently associated with a higher degree of hepatic fibrosis in patients with T2DM. Considering the common metabolic milieu of renal and hepatic fibrosis in T2DM, the potential use of u-NAG as an effective urinary biomarker reflecting hepatic fibrosis in T2DM needs to be validated in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Kyung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minyoung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Endocrine Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Seok Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Endocrine Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bong-Soo Cha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Endocrine Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung-Wan Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Endocrine Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Kaur N, Goyal G, Garg R, Tapasvi C, Chawla S, Kaur R. Potential role of noninvasive biomarkers during liver fibrosis. World J Hepatol 2021; 13:1919-1935. [PMID: 35069998 PMCID: PMC8727215 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v13.i12.1919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Various types of liver disease exist, such as hepatitis and alcoholic liver disease. These liver diseases can result in scarring of liver tissue, cirrhosis, and finally liver failure. During liver fibrosis, there is an excess and disorganized accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components which cause the loss of normal liver cell functions. For patients with chronic liver disease, fibrosis prediction is an essential part of the assessment and management. To diagnose liver fibrosis, several invasive and noninvasive markers have been proposed. However, the adoption of invasive markers remains limited due to their inherent characteristics and poor patient acceptance rate. In contrast, noninvasive markers can expedite the clinical decision through informed judgment about disease stage and prognosis. These noninvasive markers are classified into two types: Imaging techniques and serum biomarkers. However, the diagnostic values of biomarkers associated with liver fibrosis have also been analyzed. For example, the serum levels of ECM proteins can react to either matrix accumulation or degradation. During virus-host interactions, several regulatory steps take place to control gene expression, such as the change in cellular microRNA expression profiles. MicroRNAs are a class of non-coding RNAs (18-20 long nucleotides) that function by post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Although various noninvasive markers have been suggested in recent years, certain limitations have restricted their clinical applications. Understanding the potential of non-invasive biomarkers as a therapeutic option to treat liver fibrosis is still in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navneet Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry, Guru Gobind Singh Medical College and Hospital, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot 151203, Punjab, India
| | - Gitanjali Goyal
- Department of Biochemistry, Guru Gobind Singh Medical College and Hospital, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot 151203, Punjab, India
| | - Ravinder Garg
- Department of Medicine, Guru Gobind Singh Medical College and Hospital, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot 151203, Punjab, India
| | - Chaitanya Tapasvi
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Guru Gobind Singh Medical College and Hospital, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot 151203, Punjab, India
| | - Sonia Chawla
- Department of Biochemistry, Guru Gobind Singh Medical College and Hospital, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot 151203, Punjab, India
| | - Rajneet Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry, Guru Gobind Singh Medical College and Hospital, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot 151203, Punjab, India
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Amernia B, Moosavy SH, Banookh F, Zoghi G. FIB-4, APRI, and AST/ALT ratio compared to FibroScan for the assessment of hepatic fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Bandar Abbas, Iran. BMC Gastroenterol 2021; 21:453. [PMID: 34861841 PMCID: PMC8642865 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-021-02038-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide. Researchers have tried to develop indices to assess liver fibrosis in NAFLD patients to avoid liver biopsy. In this study we aimed to compare fibrosis-4 (FIB-4), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to platelet ratio index (APRI), and aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase (AST/ALT) ratio with FibroScan for the assessment of hepatic fibrosis in patients with NAFLD. METHODS This cross-sectional study included patients with NAFLD or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) referred to the Gastroenterology Clinic of Shahid Mohammadi Hospital, Bandar Abbas, Iran, in 2019. Demographic features of the participants including age and gender were recorded. All participants underwent FibroScan and had their AST, ALT, and platelet count measured in a random blood sample, taken within 1 month of the FibroScan. RESULTS Of the 205 NAFLD patients included in this study with a mean age of 42.95 ± 10.97 years, 144 (70.2%) were male. Fibroscan results revealed that 94 patients (45.9%) had F1, 67 (32.7%) F2, 29 (14.1%) F3, and 15 (7.3%) F4 liver fibrosis. A significant correlation was found between FibroScan score and FIB-4 (r = 0.572), APRI (r = 0.667), and AST/ALT (r = 0.251) (P < 0.001). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of APRI at the 0.702 cut-off for the differentiation of F3 and F4 from F2 and F1 were 84.1, 88.2, 66.1, 95.3, and 87.3%, FIB-4 at the 1.19 cut-off 97.7, 72.7, 49.4, 99.2 and 78%, and AST/ALT at the 0.94 cut-off 61.4, 77, 42.2, 87.9, and 73.7% respectively. Moreover, the area under the receiver operating curve of APRI, FIB-4, and AST/ALT for the differentiation of F3 and F4 from F2 and F1 was 0.923, 0.913, and 0.720, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Based on these results, APRI appears to be the most appropriate substitute of FibroScan for the detection of significant fibrosis in NAFLD patients. FIB-4 was the second best, suggesting that in case of FibroScan unavailability, APRI and FIB-4 are the best indices to assess liver fibrosis in NAFLD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Amernia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Seyed Hamid Moosavy
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Banookh
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Ghazal Zoghi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
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Addissouky TA, Wang Y, Megahed FAK, El Agroudy AE, El Sayed IET, El-Torgoman AMAK. Novel biomarkers assist in detection of liver fibrosis in HCV patients. EGYPTIAN LIVER JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43066-021-00156-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Accurate staging in individuals infected with hepatitis C is imperative to understand their long-term risk for liver-related complications. Liver biopsy has a traditional role to determine the levels of liver fibrosis specifically in hepatitis C virus patients. However, the development of non-invasive options has reduced the utilization of biopsy in this population.
Main body of the abstract
Detecting fibrosis levels through blood samples is already an acceptable alternative to biopsy; however, the optimal non-invasive panel has yet to be defined. Our study indicated hyaluronic acid, collagen oligomeric matrix protein, collagen type IV, and liver fibrosis scoring systems to distinguish fibrosis patients from the non-fibrosis group.
Short conclusion
The combination of these novel biomarkers, H. A, CO-IV, and Comp tests, could be used to accurately stage individuals with hepatitis C.
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Van Dijk AM, Vali Y, Mak AL, Lee J, Tushuizen ME, Zafarmand MH, Anstee QM, Brosnan MJ, Nieuwdorp M, Bossuyt PM, Holleboom AG. Systematic Review with Meta-Analyses: Diagnostic Accuracy of FibroMeter Tests in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10132910. [PMID: 34209858 PMCID: PMC8269151 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10132910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Early detection of liver fibrosis is crucial to select the correct care path for patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Here, we systematically review the evidence on the performance of FibroMeter versions in detecting different levels of fibrosis in patients with NAFLD. We searched four databases (Medline, Embase, the Cochrane library, and Web of Science) to find studies that included adults with NAFLD and biopsy-confirmed fibrosis (F1 to F4), compared with any version of FibroMeter. Two independent researchers screened the references, collected the data, and assessed the methodological quality of the included studies. We used a bivariate logit-normal random effects model to produce meta-analyses. From 273 references, 12 studies were eligible for inclusion, encompassing data from 3425 patients. Meta-analyses of the accuracy in detecting advanced fibrosis (F ≥ 3) were conducted for FibroMeter Virus second generation (V2G), NAFLD, and vibration controlled transient elaFS3stography (VCTE). FibroMeter VCTE showed the best diagnostic accuracy in detecting advanced fibrosis (sensitivity: 83.5% (95%CI 0.58–0.94); specificity: 91.1% (95%CI 0.89–0.93)), followed by FibroMeter V2G (sensitivity: 83.1% (95%CI 0.73–0.90); specificity: 84.4% (95%CI 0.62–0.95)) and FibroMeter NAFLD (sensitivity: 71.7% (95%CI 0.63–0.79); specificity: 82.8% (95%CI 0.71–0.91)). No statistically significant differences were found between the different FibroMeter versions. FibroMeter tests showed acceptable sensitivity and specificity in detecting advanced fibrosis in patients with NAFLD, but an urge to conduct head-to-head comparison studies in patients with NAFLD of the different FibroMeter tests remains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marieke Van Dijk
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Location AMC, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.L.M.); (M.N.); (A.G.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-205665973
| | - Yasaman Vali
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Location AMC, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (Y.V.); (J.L.); (M.H.Z.); (P.M.B.)
| | - Anne Linde Mak
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Location AMC, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.L.M.); (M.N.); (A.G.H.)
| | - Jenny Lee
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Location AMC, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (Y.V.); (J.L.); (M.H.Z.); (P.M.B.)
| | - Maarten E. Tushuizen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333ZA Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Mohammad Hadi Zafarmand
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Location AMC, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (Y.V.); (J.L.); (M.H.Z.); (P.M.B.)
| | - Quentin M. Anstee
- Translational & Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK;
| | - M. Julia Brosnan
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA;
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Location AMC, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.L.M.); (M.N.); (A.G.H.)
| | - Patrick M. Bossuyt
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Location AMC, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (Y.V.); (J.L.); (M.H.Z.); (P.M.B.)
| | - Adriaan G. Holleboom
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Location AMC, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.L.M.); (M.N.); (A.G.H.)
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Berland L, Kim L, Abousaway O, Mines A, Mishra S, Clark L, Hofman P, Rashidian M. Nanobodies for Medical Imaging: About Ready for Prime Time? Biomolecules 2021; 11:637. [PMID: 33925941 PMCID: PMC8146371 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in medical treatments have been revolutionary in shaping the management and treatment landscape of patients, notably cancer patients. Over the last decade, patients with diverse forms of locally advanced or metastatic cancer, such as melanoma, lung cancers, and many blood-borne malignancies, have seen their life expectancies increasing significantly. Notwithstanding these encouraging results, the present-day struggle with these treatments concerns patients who remain largely unresponsive, as well as those who experience severely toxic side effects. Gaining deeper insight into the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these variable responses will bring us closer to developing more effective therapeutics. To assess these mechanisms, non-invasive imaging techniques provide valuable whole-body information with precise targeting. An example of such is immuno-PET (Positron Emission Tomography), which employs radiolabeled antibodies to detect specific molecules of interest. Nanobodies, as the smallest derived antibody fragments, boast ideal characteristics for this purpose and have thus been used extensively in preclinical models and, more recently, in clinical early-stage studies as well. Their merit stems from their high affinity and specificity towards a target, among other factors. Furthermore, their small size (~14 kDa) allows them to easily disperse through the bloodstream and reach tissues in a reliable and uniform manner. In this review, we will discuss the powerful imaging potential of nanobodies, primarily through the lens of imaging malignant tumors but also touching upon their capability to image a broader variety of nonmalignant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Berland
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (L.B.); (L.K.); (O.A.); (A.M.); (S.M.); (L.C.)
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, INSERM, IRCAN, 06100 Nice, France;
| | - Lauren Kim
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (L.B.); (L.K.); (O.A.); (A.M.); (S.M.); (L.C.)
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Omar Abousaway
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (L.B.); (L.K.); (O.A.); (A.M.); (S.M.); (L.C.)
| | - Andrea Mines
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (L.B.); (L.K.); (O.A.); (A.M.); (S.M.); (L.C.)
| | - Shruti Mishra
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (L.B.); (L.K.); (O.A.); (A.M.); (S.M.); (L.C.)
| | - Louise Clark
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (L.B.); (L.K.); (O.A.); (A.M.); (S.M.); (L.C.)
| | - Paul Hofman
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, INSERM, IRCAN, 06100 Nice, France;
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, FHU OncoAge, Nice Center Hospital, 06100 Nice, France
| | - Mohammad Rashidian
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (L.B.); (L.K.); (O.A.); (A.M.); (S.M.); (L.C.)
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Moayedi J, Hashempour T, Musavi Z, Arefian E, Naderi M, Heidari MR, Dehghani B, Hasanshahi Z, Merat S. Evaluation of miR-122 Serum Level and IFN-λ3 Genotypes in Patients with Chronic HCV and HCV-Infected Liver Transplant Candidate. Microrna 2021; 10:58-65. [PMID: 33334303 DOI: 10.2174/2211536609666201217101414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) are the most common markers of liver damage, but serum level interpretation can be complicated. In hepatocytes, microRNA-122 (miR-122) is the most abundant miRs and its high expression in the serum is a characteristic of liver disease. OBJECTIVE We aimed to compare the circulatory level of miR-122 in patients with Chronic Hepatitis C (CHC), Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infected Liver Transplant Candidates (LTC) and healthy controls to determine if miR-122 can be considered as an indicator of chronic and advanced stage of liver disease. METHODS MiR-122 serum level was measured in 170 Interferon-naïve (IFN-naïve) CHC patients, 62 LTC patients, and 132 healthy individuals via TaqMan real-time PCR. Serum levels of miR-122 were normalized to the serum level of Let-7a and miR-221. Also, the ALT and AST levels were measured. RESULTS ALT and AST activities and the expression of circulatory miR-122 were similar in the CHC and LTC groups, but it had significantly increased compared to healthy individuals (P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively). Up-regulation of miR-122 in the sample of patients with normal ALT and AST activities was also observed, indicating that miR-122 is a good marker with high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing liver damage. CONCLUSION miR-122 seemed to be more specific for liver diseases in comparison with the routine ALT and AST liver enzymes. Since the lower levels of circulating miR-122 were observed in the LTC group compared to the CHC group, advanced liver damages might reduce the release of miR-122 from the hepatocytes, as a sign of liver function deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Moayedi
- Shiraz HIV/AIDS Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Hashempour
- Shiraz HIV/AIDS Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Musavi
- Shiraz HIV/AIDS Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ehsan Arefian
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Naderi
- Cell-Based Therapies Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamad Reza Heidari
- Shiraz HIV/AIDS Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Behzad Dehghani
- Shiraz HIV/AIDS Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Hasanshahi
- Shiraz HIV/AIDS Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shahin Merat
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Mansour AMF, Bayoumy EM, ElGhandour AM, El-Talkawy MD, Badr SM, Ahmed AEM. Assessment of hepatic fibrosis and steatosis by vibration-controlled transient elastography and controlled attenuation parameter versus non-invasive assessment scores in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. EGYPTIAN LIVER JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43066-020-00044-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is regarded as the most common liver disease in the twenty-first century, and a condition leaving individuals at increased risk of extra-hepatic morbidity. Liver biopsy has long been regarded as the gold standard for diagnosis and prognostication of patients with NAFLD. However, due to its invasive nature and potential complications (e.g., bleeding), other methods for non-invasive laboratory and radiological assessment of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in NAFLD have evolved and include scores such as AST/Platelet Ratio Index (APRI), Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) score, NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS), and fatty liver index (FLI), in addition to radiological methods such as transient elastography (TE), which is a well-validated non-invasive ultrasound-based technique for assessment of hepatic fibrosis. Recently, novel development of controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) in TE allowed simultaneous assessment of hepatic steatosis. This provided a chance to assess both hepatic fibrosis and steatosis in the same setting and without any unwanted complications. This study aimed at assessing the role of TE and CAP versus other non-invasive assessment scores for liver fibrosis and steatosis in patients with NAFLD.
Results
This study included 90 patients diagnosed with NAFLD based on abdominal ultrasonography, body mass index, and serum liver enzymes. All patients were assessed with TE and non-invasive scores (APRI score, FIB-4 score, NFS, and FLI). There was a highly significant positive correlation between fibrosis and steatosis grades assessed by TE and other non-invasive respective scores. Both TE and CAP achieved acceptable sensitivity and specificity compared to other non-invasive assessment methods.
Conclusions
TE with CAP can be used as a screening method for patients suspected with NAFLD or patients without a clear indication for liver biopsy. CAP allows a non-invasive method of assessment of hepatic steatosis in patients with NAFLD.
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Adhyatmika A, Beljaars L, Putri KSS, Habibie H, Boorsma CE, Reker-Smit C, Luangmonkong T, Guney B, Haak A, Mangnus KA, Post E, Poelstra K, Ravnskjaer K, Olinga P, Melgert BN. Osteoprotegerin is More than a Possible Serum Marker in Liver Fibrosis: A Study into its Function in Human and Murine Liver. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12050471. [PMID: 32455750 PMCID: PMC7284440 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12050471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoprotegerin (OPG) serum levels are associated with liver fibrogenesis and have been proposed as a biomarker for diagnosis. However, the source and role of OPG in liver fibrosis are unknown, as is the question of whether OPG expression responds to treatment. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the fibrotic regulation of OPG production and its possible function in human and mouse livers. OPG levels were significantly higher in lysates of human and mouse fibrotic livers compared to healthy livers. Hepatic OPG expression localized in cirrhotic collagenous bands in and around myofibroblasts. Single cell sequencing of murine liver cells showed hepatic stellate cells (HSC) to be the main producers of OPG in healthy livers. Using mouse precision-cut liver slices, we found OPG production induced by transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) stimulation. Moreover, OPG itself stimulated expression of genes associated with fibrogenesis in liver slices through TGFβ1, suggesting profibrotic activity of OPG. Resolution of fibrosis in mice was associated with decreased production of OPG compared to ongoing fibrosis. OPG may stimulate fibrogenesis through TGFβ1 and is associated with the degree of fibrogenesis. It should therefore be investigated further as a possible drug target for liver fibrosis or biomarker for treatment success of novel antifibrotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adhyatmika Adhyatmika
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology, and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.A.); (C.E.B.); (C.R.-S.); (B.G.); (A.H.); (K.A.M.); (E.P.); (K.P.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Leonie Beljaars
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (L.B.); (K.S.S.P.); (T.L.); (P.O.)
| | - Kurnia S. S. Putri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (L.B.); (K.S.S.P.); (T.L.); (P.O.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Habibie Habibie
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands;
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Carian E. Boorsma
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology, and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.A.); (C.E.B.); (C.R.-S.); (B.G.); (A.H.); (K.A.M.); (E.P.); (K.P.)
| | - Catharina Reker-Smit
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology, and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.A.); (C.E.B.); (C.R.-S.); (B.G.); (A.H.); (K.A.M.); (E.P.); (K.P.)
| | - Theerut Luangmonkong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (L.B.); (K.S.S.P.); (T.L.); (P.O.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 73170, Thailand
| | - Burak Guney
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology, and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.A.); (C.E.B.); (C.R.-S.); (B.G.); (A.H.); (K.A.M.); (E.P.); (K.P.)
| | - Axel Haak
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology, and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.A.); (C.E.B.); (C.R.-S.); (B.G.); (A.H.); (K.A.M.); (E.P.); (K.P.)
| | - Keri A. Mangnus
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology, and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.A.); (C.E.B.); (C.R.-S.); (B.G.); (A.H.); (K.A.M.); (E.P.); (K.P.)
| | - Eduard Post
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology, and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.A.); (C.E.B.); (C.R.-S.); (B.G.); (A.H.); (K.A.M.); (E.P.); (K.P.)
| | - Klaas Poelstra
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology, and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.A.); (C.E.B.); (C.R.-S.); (B.G.); (A.H.); (K.A.M.); (E.P.); (K.P.)
| | - Kim Ravnskjaer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 M Odense M, Denmark;
| | - Peter Olinga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (L.B.); (K.S.S.P.); (T.L.); (P.O.)
| | - Barbro N. Melgert
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands;
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
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Senthil-Nathan S. A Review of Resistance Mechanisms of Synthetic Insecticides and Botanicals, Phytochemicals, and Essential Oils as Alternative Larvicidal Agents Against Mosquitoes. Front Physiol 2020; 10:1591. [PMID: 32158396 PMCID: PMC7052130 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosquitoes are a serious threat to the society, acting as vector to several dreadful diseases. Mosquito management programes profoundly depend on the routine of chemical insecticides that subsequently lead to the expansion of resistance midst the vectors, along with other problems such as environmental pollution, bio magnification, and adversely affecting the quality of public and animal health, worldwide. The worldwide risk of insect vector transmitted diseases, with their associated illness and mortality, emphasizes the need for effective mosquitocides. Hence there is an immediate necessity to develop new eco-friendly pesticides. As a result, numerous investigators have worked on the development of eco-friendly effective mosquitocidal compounds of plant origin. These products have a cumulative advantage of being cost-effective, environmentally benign, biodegradable, and safe to non-target organisms. This review aims at describing the current state of research on behavioral, physiological, and biochemical effects of plant derived compounds with larvicidal effects on mosquitoes. The mode of physiological and biochemical action of known compounds derived from various plant families as well as the potential of plant secondary metabolites, plant extracts, and also the essential oils (EO), as mosquitocidal agents are discussed. This review clearly indicates that the application of vegetal-based compounds as mosquito control proxies can serve as alternative biocontrol methods in mosquito management programes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sengottayan Senthil-Nathan
- Division of Biopesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, India
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18
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Hussain A, Gul MA, Khalid MU. Validation of Novel Fibrosis Index (NFI) for assessment of liver fibrosis: comparison with transient elastography (FibroScan). BMJ Open Gastroenterol 2019; 6:e000316. [PMID: 31749977 PMCID: PMC6827736 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgast-2019-000316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In this study, we collated cheap and readily available non-invasive biomarkers and FibroScan score in predicting fibrosis stages in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Methods We studied 1898 patients with HCV infection confirmed by presence of HCV RNA in their serum. We compared the FibroScan score and fibrosis indices (FIs): aspartate transaminase (AST) to alanine transaminase (ALT) ratio (AAR), AST to Platelet Ratio Index (APRI), FI, fibrosis-4 (FIB-4), Age-Platelet Index (API), Pohl score, Fibrosis Cirrhosis Index (FCI). We developed a new FI, named Novel Fibrosis Index (NFI) calculated by the following formula: NFI=[(bilirubin×(ALP)2)/(platelet count (albumin)2)]−n. Results AAR, APRI, FI, FIB-4, API, Pohl score, FCI and NFI were able to predict fibrosis stage with correlation coefficient indices 0.848, 0.711, 0.618, 0.741, 0.529, 0.360, 0.477 and 0.26, respectively. Receiver operating characteristic curves showed sensitivity and specificity for predicting F3 by NFI=75.1% and 41.1% and F4 for NFI=72.1% and 47.1%, AAR=62.8% and 37.6%, APRI=74.6% and 87.6%, FIB-4=53.2% and 72.3%, FI=78.1% and 92.3%, API=78.1% and 60%, Pohl score=38.1% and 78.1% and FCI=78.1% and 88.1%. Conclusions Our NFI predicted F3 and has been found to have more sensitivity and specificity in predicting F4 fibrosis stage than other FIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azhar Hussain
- Ameer-ud-Din Medical College, PGMI, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif Gul
- Gastroenterology, Nishtar Medical College and Hospital, Multan, Pakistan
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Derakhshanfar A, Moayedi J, Vahedi M, Valizadeh A. Arum conophalloides Aqueous Extract Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rat; Histopathological, Biochemical, and mir-122 Assessments. Microrna 2019; 9:224-231. [PMID: 31622226 PMCID: PMC7366011 DOI: 10.2174/2211536608666191016142400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Arum conophalloides (A. conophalloides) is a wild edible delicate plant, widely used in traditional medicine. Objective This study aimed to examine the effects of A. conophalloides extracts on biochemical, molecular, and histopathological changes in the rat. Methods Fifty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups (10 each) as follows: G1 or control, received distilled water; G2 and G3, treated with the aqueous extract at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg; G4 and G5, treated with the hydroalcoholic extract at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg. Prior to and at the end of the experiments, the serum levels of biochemistry parameters and the relative expression of miR-122 were assessed. Moreover, the liver and kidney tissues were examined microscopically. Results Liver and kidney tissues showed normal structure in all groups. There were no significant changes in biochemical indices or the expression of miR-122 in the extract-treated groups at the dose of 200 mg/kg. However, the group that received the aqueous extract at the dose of 400 mg/kg exhibited a significantly lower level of HDL, LDL, ALT, and ALP in comparison to the control. Additionally, miR-122 expression in this group exhibited a 10-fold increase (P=0.009). Conclusion The serum level of hepatocyte-specific miR-122 will be more helpful in detecting hepatic changes in early stages than ALT and AST activity or histopathological evaluations of liver sections. Our findings highlight the potential hepatotoxicity of A. conophalloides aqueous extract in a rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Derakhshanfar
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Center of Comparative and Experimental Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Javad Moayedi
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Center of Comparative and Experimental Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahjoob Vahedi
- Center of Comparative and Experimental Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abouzar Valizadeh
- Center of Comparative and Experimental Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Therapeutic and Protective Effects of Liposomal Encapsulation of Astaxanthin in Mice with Alcoholic Liver Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20164057. [PMID: 31434227 PMCID: PMC6718996 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20164057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin (Asta) has been demonstrated to possess anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and free radical-clearing activities. However, the poor stability and low water solubility of Asta hamper its bioavailability. The objectives of this study were to fabricate Asta-loaded liposomes (Asta-lipo) and investigate the therapeutic effects of Asta-lipo on alcoholic liver fibrosis in mice. The mice were administered with Asta-lipo or liposomes alone prior to a 3-week dose containing 30% alcohol with or without feeding with a second dose of 30% alcohol. The prepared Asta-lipo of 225.0 ± 58.3 nm in diameter, had an encapsulation efficiency of 98%. A slow release profile of 16.2% Asta from Asta-lipo was observed after a 24-h incubation. Restorative actions against alcoholic liver fibrosis were observed after oral administration of Asta-lipo for 4 weeks. Hepatic repair, followed by a second dose of 30% alcohol, suggested that Asta-lipo exerted protective and reparative effects against liver injuries induced by repeated consumption of alcohol. The changes of serum ALT and AST values were principally in consistence with the histopathologic findings. Asta-lipo exerted rapid and direct effects against repeated alcohol-induced liver disease, whereas Asta-lipo given orally could boost recovery from liver injuries obtained due to previous long-term alcohol use. These data demonstrate that Asta-lipo has applicable protective and therapeutic potential to treat alcohol-induced liver diseases.
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Komolkriengkrai M, Nopparat J, Vongvatcharanon U, Anupunpisit V, Khimmaktong W. Effect of glabridin on collagen deposition in liver and amelioration of hepatocyte destruction in diabetes rats. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:1164-1174. [PMID: 31316610 PMCID: PMC6601403 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormalities in insulin hormone levels leads to a hyperglycemic condition of diabetic mellitus. Hyperglycemia seriously induces organ and system destructions. The excessive accumulation of collagen fiber deposits occurs in inflammatory and reorganization processes of chronic liver diseases in type I insulin-dependent diabetes. Regarding the research objective, glabridin (GLB), an active compound of licorice, was used as a daily supplement (40 mg/kg) in order to decrease hepatocyte destruction and collagen deposition in liver tissue of diabetic animals induced by streptozotocin. A total of 40 were randomly allocated to five groups (each, n=10), control, control treated with GLB (GLB), diabetic rats (DM) injected with single dose of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) to induce a diabetic condition, diabetic rats receiving GLB (DM+GLB; 40 mg/kg) and diabetic rats treated with glibenclamide (DM+GL; 4 mg/kg). Characteristic histopathological changes in liver cells and tissues of rats were determined by Masson's trichrome staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Western blotting was used to detect the expression of the key markers, collagen type I and fibronectin proteins. The histological investigation of liver tissue of the DM group revealed that the collagen fiber deposition was increased in the periportal, pericentral and perisinusoidal spaces compared with controls. Hepatocytes appeared as small and fragmented cells in TEM examination. Collagenization of the perisinusoidal space was recently demonstrated to represent a new aspect of the microvascular abnormalities and liver fibrosis. Healthy hepatocytes with round nucleus were observed following supplementation of glabridin. In addition, collagen fiber deposition was reduced in the area adjacent to the perisinusoidal space. The expression of collagen type I and fibronectin decreased strongly following glabridin supplementation in DM+GLB rats compared with DM rats, indicating that the hepatic tissue reorganization regained its normal morphology. These findings suggest that it may be beneficial to examine the role of glabridin as a therapeutic agent in diabetes treatment in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manaras Komolkriengkrai
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Jongdee Nopparat
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Uraporn Vongvatcharanon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Vipavee Anupunpisit
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Wipapan Khimmaktong
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
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22
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Verderame M, Scudiero R. How Glyphosate Impairs Liver Condition in the Field Lizard Podarcis siculus (Rafinesque-Schmaltz, 1810): Histological and Molecular Evidence. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:4746283. [PMID: 31218226 PMCID: PMC6536989 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4746283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The potential toxicity of glyphosate, a widely used broad-spectrum herbicide, is currently a great matter of debate. As vertebrate insectivores, lizards protect plants from herbivorous insects increasing plant biomass via the trophic cascade and represent an important link between invertebrates and higher predators. A negative effect of glyphosate on lizards' survival could have major impacts at the ecological levels. In this study, we investigated the effects of the exposure to low doses of glyphosate on the liver of the wall lizard Podarcis siculus, a suitable bioindicator of soil pollution. Two different doses of pure glyphosate (0.05 and 0.5 μg/kg body weight) were orally administered every other day for 3 weeks to sexually mature males and females. The results demonstrated that both doses, despite being very low, are toxic for the liver that showed clear signs of suffering, regardless of sex. The histological analysis provided a scenario of severe hepatic condition, which degenerated until the appearance of fibrotic formations. The morphological observations were consistent with a loss of liver physiological functions. Immunocytochemical investigations allowed us to detect an involvement of antioxidant/cytoprotective proteins, such as superoxide dismutase 1 (Cu/Zn SOD, known as SOD1), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1), metallothionein (MT), and tumor suppressor protein 53, (p53) suggesting that the liver was trying to react against stress signals and damage induced by glyphosate. Finally, in situ hybridization and Real-Time PCR analysis showed the upregulation of estrogen receptor α and vitellogenin gene expression, thus demonstrating the xenoestrogenic action of glyphosate. The imbalance of the hormonal homeostasis could threaten the lizards' reproductive fitness and survival, altering the trophic cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosaria Scudiero
- Department of Biology, University Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
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23
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Farouk S, Sabet S, Abu Zahra FA, El-Ghor AA. Bone marrow derived-mesenchymal stem cells downregulate IL17A dependent IL6/STAT3 signaling pathway in CCl4-induced rat liver fibrosis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206130. [PMID: 30346985 PMCID: PMC6197688 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic potential of bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) has been reported in several animal models of liver fibrosis. Interleukin (IL) 17A, IL6 and Stat3 have been described to play crucial roles in chronic liver injury. However, the modulatory effect of MSCs on these markers was controversial in different diseases. BM-MSCs might activate the IL6/STAT3 signaling pathway and promote cell invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma, but the immunomodulatory role of BM-MSCs on IL17A/IL6/STAT3 was not fully elucidated in liver fibrosis. In the present study, we evaluated the capacity of the BM-MSCs in the modulation of cytokines milieu and signal transducers, based on unique inflammatory genes Il17a and Il17f and their receptors Il17rc and their effect on the IL6/STAT3 pathway in CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in rats. A single dose of BM-MSCs was administered to the group with induced liver fibrosis, and the genes and proteins of interest were evaluated along six weeks after treatment. Our results showed a significant downregulation of Il17a, Il17ra, il17f and Il17rc genes. In accordance, BM-MSCs administration declined IL17, IL2 and IL6 serum proteins and downregulated IL17A and IL17RA proteins in liver tissue. Interestingly, BM-MSCs downregulated both Stat3 mRNA expression and p-STAT3, while Stat5a gene was downregulated and p-STAT5 protein was elevated. Also P-SMAD3 and TGFβR2 proteins were downregulated in response to BM-MSCs treatment. Collectively, we suggest that BM-MSCs might play an immunomodulatory role in the treatment of liver fibrosis through downregulation of IL17A affecting IL6/STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa Farouk
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, Faculty of Science & Technology, AL-Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Salwa Sabet
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- * E-mail:
| | - Fatma A. Abu Zahra
- Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Akmal A. El-Ghor
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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24
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Schachter JL, Patel M, Horton SR, Mike Devane A, Ewing A, Abrams GA. FibroSURE and elastography poorly predict the severity of liver fibrosis in Fontan-associated liver disease. CONGENIT HEART DIS 2018; 13:764-770. [PMID: 30101472 DOI: 10.1111/chd.12650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As the population of patients with Fontan circulation surviving into adulthood increases, hepatic cirrhosis has grown to be a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Early detection of advanced hepatic fibrosis is imperative for proper intervention and consideration for heart or combined heart/liver transplantation. Noninvasive biomarkers and elastography have been evaluated for their diagnostic utility with variable results in the Fontan population. DESIGN The cohort included 14 patients age 26.4 SD 7.5 who underwent Fontan surgery. All patients were evaluated with FibroSURE, shear wave elastography (SWE), hepatic duplex sonography, and liver biopsy. Liver fibrosis on biopsy was evaluated according to the congestive hepatic fibrosis system. RESULTS In our cohort, 100% of patients had fibrosis with 36% demonstrating advanced fibrosis. FibroSURE agreed with liver biopsy in only 5 out of 14 cases (36%): underestimating in 7 and overestimating in 2 individuals. SWE agreed with liver biopsy in 0% of cases: overestimating in 10 and underestimating in 4 cases. None of the duplex sonography indices predicted the presence or severity of liver fibrosis. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that children who have undergone a Fontan procedure universally develop some hepatic fibrosis and a significant number have advanced fibrosis by adulthood. The FibroSURE blood test, SWE, and hepatic duplex sonography were unable to accurately predict the presence or severity of hepatic fibrosis when compared with liver biopsy. Further studies are needed to investigate novel noninvasive methods and/or biomarkers that can adequately detect advanced hepatic fibrosis before the development of cirrhosis and hepatic decompensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Schachter
- Department of Medicine, Greenville Memorial Hospital, Greenville, South Carolina
| | - Manisha Patel
- Department of Cardiology, Greenville Memorial Hospital, Greenville, South Carolina
| | - Samuel R Horton
- Department of Pathology, Greenville Memorial Hospital, Greenville, South Carolina
| | - A Mike Devane
- Department of Radiology, Greenville Memorial Hospital, Greenville, South Carolina
| | - Alex Ewing
- Department of Quality, Greenville Memorial Hospital, Greenville, South Carolina
| | - Gary A Abrams
- Department of Gastroenterology, Greenville Memorial Hospital, Greenville, South Carolina
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25
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Mebus S, Nagdyman N, Kügel J, Zachoval R, Braun SL, Haverkämper G, Opgen-Rhein B, Berger F, Horster S, Schoetzau J, Salvador CP, Bauer U, Hess J, Ewert P, Kaemmerer H. Non-invasive assessment of liver changes in Eisenmenger patients. Int J Cardiol 2018; 249:140-144. [PMID: 29121718 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eisenmenger syndrome as a severe form of cyanotic congenital heart disease results in a complex multisystemic disorder. Due to increased systemic venous pressure and the inability to ensure systemic perfusion and metabolic requirements, the liver may develop congestion, fibrosis or cirrhosis. This study aimed to assess hepatic abnormalities in Eisenmenger patients non-invasively. METHODS AND RESULTS 10 adults with Eisenmenger syndrome (six female; median age 44.2years; range 23-62years) were enrolled and hepatic involvement was assessed - using clinical assessment, laboratory analysis, hepatic fibrotic markers, abdominal sonography and liver stiffness measurements (transient elastography (TE) and acoustic radiation force impulse imaging (ARFI)). Using imaging and laboratory analysis, 60% (6/10) of the Eisenmenger patients had signs of liver fibrosis (5/10) or cirrhosis (1/10). While TE, however, showed no relevant liver abnormalities in any Eisenmenger patient, ARFI detected liver fibrosis in 5/10 and cirrhosis and 1/10 patients. CONCLUSIONS Adult Eisenmenger patients are at increased risk of hepatic impairment. Non-invasive screening could be helpful in detecting liver alterations. In our small series, however, TE could not detect fibrosis or cirrhosis in any affected patient, while ARFI was very reliable. Patients should be transferred to centres, where a multidisciplinary expert knowledge is available and a close collaboration between cardiologists and hepatologists exists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siegrun Mebus
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, German Heart Centre Munich, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Nicole Nagdyman
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, German Heart Centre Munich, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Johanna Kügel
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, German Heart Centre Munich, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Reinhart Zachoval
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Siegmund Lorenz Braun
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, German Heart Centre Munich, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Guido Haverkämper
- Department of Congenital Heart Defects and Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Centre Berlin and Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Opgen-Rhein
- Department of Congenital Heart Defects and Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Centre Berlin and Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Berger
- Department of Congenital Heart Defects and Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Centre Berlin and Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sophia Horster
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jörg Schoetzau
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, German Heart Centre Munich, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Pujol Salvador
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, German Heart Centre Munich, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrike Bauer
- Competence Network for Congenital Heart Defects, Berlin, Germany
| | - John Hess
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, German Heart Centre Munich, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Ewert
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, German Heart Centre Munich, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Harald Kaemmerer
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, German Heart Centre Munich, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany.
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26
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Tsai E, Lee TP. Diagnosis and Evaluation of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis, Including Noninvasive Biomarkers and Transient Elastography. Clin Liver Dis 2018; 22:73-92. [PMID: 29128062 DOI: 10.1016/j.cld.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are increasing and identification of people at risk of disease progression is extremely important. The current gold standard for diagnosing NAFLD/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is by liver biopsy, but it has several limitations. Noninvasive tests via biomarkers and transient elastography to assess NAFLD/NASH are being used in clinical practice. The most validated diagnostic panels include the NAFLD fibrosis score, FIB-4 (Fibrosis-4), and FibroMeter. Transient elastography is very useful in evaluating advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tulane Medical Center, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL 35, New Orleans, LA 70119, USA
| | - Tai-Ping Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hepatology, Sandra A. Bass Center of Liver Diseases Northwell Health, 400 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.
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27
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Chandel R, Saxena R, Das A, Kaur J. Association of rno‐miR‐183‐96‐182 cluster with diethyinitrosamine induced liver fibrosis in Wistar rats. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:4072-4084. [PMID: 29236317 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Chandel
- Department of BiochemistryPostgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER)ChandigarhIndia
| | - Roli Saxena
- Department of BiochemistryPostgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER)ChandigarhIndia
| | - Ashim Das
- Department of HistopathologyPostgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER)ChandigarhIndia
| | - Jyotdeep Kaur
- Department of BiochemistryPostgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER)ChandigarhIndia
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Thunbergia laurifolia Exhibits Antifibrotic Effects in Human Hepatic Stellate Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:3508569. [PMID: 29410686 PMCID: PMC5749275 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3508569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Leaves of Thunbergia laurifolia (TL) have been reported to have antioxidation, anti-inflammatory, detoxifying, and hepatoprotective effects. However, studies relating to antifibrotic activity have not been reported. Currently, there is no standard treatment for hepatic fibrosis. This study aimed to investigate the antifibrotic activity of TL in human hepatic stellate LX-2 cells. Results from cell viability and cell death assays showed that the extract at high concentrations was toxic to LX-2 cells. TL extract reversed the transformation of LX-2 cells to myofibroblast-like characteristics in response to stimulation by transforming growth factor-beta 1. This action may be associated with the effect of TL in suppressing α-SMA and collagen-I production observed by immunofluorescence study and western blot analysis. Additionally, TL extract significantly decreased MMP-9 activity which is consistent with the reduction of MMP-9, MMP-2, and TIMP-1 gene expression. The effect of TL in suppressing fibrosis may be associated with its ability to inhibit the activation of p38 MAPK and Erk1/2 kinases as examined by western blot analysis. Our study provides convincing evidence that TL possesses antifibrotic activity which may be through the suppression of TGF-β1-mediated production of MMPs, collagen-1, and α-SMA in hepatic stellate cells.
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Zheng F, Sparkes A, De Baetselier P, Schoonooghe S, Stijlemans B, Muyldermans S, Flamand V, Van Ginderachter JA, Devoogdt N, Raes G, Beschin A. Molecular Imaging with Kupffer Cell-Targeting Nanobodies for Diagnosis and Prognosis in Mouse Models of Liver Pathogenesis. Mol Imaging Biol 2017; 19:49-58. [PMID: 27339464 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-016-0976-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Kupffer cells (KCs), the liver resident macrophages, are important mediators of tissue homeostasis and pathogen clearance. However, depending on the inflammatory stimuli, KCs have been involved in divergent hepato-protective or hepato-destructive immune responses. The versatility of KCs in response to environmental triggers, in combination with the specific biomarkers they express, make these macrophages attractive in vivo targets for non-invasive monitoring of liver inflammation or pathogenicity. This study aims to determine whether V-set and Ig domain-containing 4 (Vsig4) and C-type lectin domain family (Clec) 4, member F (Clec4F) can be used as imaging biomarkers for non-invasive monitoring of KCs during distinct liver inflammation models. PROCEDURE Flow cytometry (FACS), immuno-histochemistry (IHC), and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with Tc-99m labeled anti-Vsig4 or anti-Clec4F nanobodies (Nbs) was performed to evaluate in mice KC dynamics in concanavalin A (ConA)-induced hepatitis and in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis induced via methionine choline deficiency (MCD). RESULTS In homeostatic mice, Nbs targeting Clec4F were found to accumulate and co-localize with Vsig4-targeting Nbs only in the liver. Upon induction of acute hepatitis using ConA, down-regulation of the in vivo Nb imaging signal was observed, reflecting reduction in KC numbers as confirmed by FACS and IHC. On the other hand, induction of steatohepatitis resulted in higher signals in the liver corresponding to higher density of KCs. The Nb-imaging signals returned to normal levels after resolution of the investigated liver diseases. CONCLUSIONS Anti-Clec4F and anti-Vsig4 Nbs targeting KCs as molecular imaging biomarkers could allow non-invasive monitoring/staging of liver pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zheng
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Building E, 8th floor, Brussels, Belgium
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Amanda Sparkes
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Building E, 8th floor, Brussels, Belgium
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patrick De Baetselier
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Building E, 8th floor, Brussels, Belgium
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steve Schoonooghe
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Building E, 8th floor, Brussels, Belgium
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Benoit Stijlemans
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Building E, 8th floor, Brussels, Belgium
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Serge Muyldermans
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Building E, 8th floor, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Jo A Van Ginderachter
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Building E, 8th floor, Brussels, Belgium
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nick Devoogdt
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Center, VUB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Geert Raes
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Building E, 8th floor, Brussels, Belgium
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alain Beschin
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Building E, 8th floor, Brussels, Belgium.
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent, Belgium.
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30
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Mihaylov R, Pencheva B, Stoeva D, Ruseva A. Non-invasive Diagnostics of Liver Fibrosis. ACTA MEDICA BULGARICA 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/amb-2017-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Detecting new units of pathogenesis in the liver fibrosis due to alcoholism, chronic viral Hepatitis B and C, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), autoimmune, parasitic and metabolic diseases and other, reveals perspective for new non-invasive serum biomarkers. In fibrosis, from the wide variety of markers enzymes, proteins and cytokines are mainly used. While direct biomarkers reflect the stage of fibrosis and fibrinogenesis, indirect markers allow assessment of the general liver functions. The combination of direct and indirect markers increases the diagnostic reliability and therefore these panels and indices are investigated quite intensively in recent years in order to decrease the number of liver biopsies without completely replace it, which is still regarded as the reference method.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - D. Stoeva
- Medico-diagnostic laboratory RAMUS – Sofia
| | - A. Ruseva
- Clinical Laboratory , Medical University – Pleven
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31
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Mak KM, Mei R. Basement Membrane Type IV Collagen and Laminin: An Overview of Their Biology and Value as Fibrosis Biomarkers of Liver Disease. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2017; 300:1371-1390. [PMID: 28187500 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Basement membranes provide structural support to epithelium, endothelium, muscles, fat cells, Schwann cells, and axons. Basement membranes are multifunctional: they modulate cellular behavior, regulate organogenesis, promote tissue repair, form a barrier to filtration and tumor metastasis, bind growth factors, and mediate angiogenesis. All basement membranes contain type IV collagen (Col IV), laminin, nidogen, and perlecan. Col IV and laminin self-assemble into two independent supramolecular networks that are linked to nidogen and perlecan to form a morphological discernable basement membrane/basal lamina. The triple helical region, 7S domain and NCI domain of Col IV, laminin and laminin fragment P1 have been evaluated as noninvasive fibrosis biomarkers of alcoholic liver disease, viral hepatitis, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Elevated serum Col IV and laminin are related to degrees of fibrosis and severity of hepatitis, and may reflect hepatic basement membrane metabolism. But the serum assays have not been linked to disclosing the anatomical sites and lobular distribution of perisinusoidal basement membrane formation in the liver. Hepatic sinusoids normally lack a basement membrane, although Col IV is a normal matrix component of the space of Disse. In liver disease, laminin deposits in the space of Disse and codistributes with Col IV, forming a perisinusoidal basement membrane. Concomitantly, the sinusoidal endothelium loses its fenestrae and is transformed into vascular type endothelium. These changes lead to capillarization of hepatic sinusoids, a significant pathology that impairs hepatic function. Accordingly, codistribution of Col IV and laminin serves as histochemical marker of perisinusoidal basement membrane formation in liver disease. Anat Rec, 300:1371-1390, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki M Mak
- Department of Medical Education and Center for Anatomy and Functional Morphology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Rena Mei
- Department of Medical Education and Center for Anatomy and Functional Morphology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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Friedman A, Hao W. Mathematical modeling of liver fibrosis. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2017; 14:143-164. [PMID: 27879125 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2017010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is the formation of excessive fibrous connective tissue in an organ or tissue, which occurs in reparative process or in response to inflammation. Fibrotic diseases are characterized by abnormal excessive deposition of fibrous proteins, such as collagen, and the disease is most commonly progressive, leading to organ disfunction and failure. Although fibrotic diseases evolve in a similar way in all organs, differences may occur as a result of structure and function of the specific organ. In liver fibrosis, the gold standard for diagnosis and monitoring the progression of the disease is biopsy, which is invasive and cannot be repeated frequently. For this reason there is currently a great interest in identifying non-invasive biomarkers for liver fibrosis. In this paper, we develop for the first time a mathematical model of liver fibrosis by a system of partial differential equations. We use the model to explore the efficacy of potential and currently used drugs aimed at blocking the progression of liver fibrosis. We also use the model to develop a diagnostic tool based on a combination of two biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avner Friedman
- Mathematical Biosciences Institute and Department of Mathematics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States.
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Bharti P, Mittal D, Ananthasivan R. Computer-aided Characterization and Diagnosis of Diffuse Liver Diseases Based on Ultrasound Imaging: A Review. ULTRASONIC IMAGING 2017; 39:33-61. [PMID: 27097589 DOI: 10.1177/0161734616639875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse liver diseases, such as hepatitis, fatty liver, and cirrhosis, are becoming a leading cause of fatality and disability all over the world. Early detection and diagnosis of these diseases is extremely important to save lives and improve effectiveness of treatment. Ultrasound imaging, a noninvasive diagnostic technique, is the most commonly used modality for examining liver abnormalities. However, the accuracy of ultrasound-based diagnosis depends highly on expertise of radiologists. Computer-aided diagnosis systems based on ultrasound imaging assist in fast diagnosis, provide a reliable "second opinion" for experts, and act as an effective tool to measure response of treatment on patients undergoing clinical trials. In this review, we first describe appearance of liver abnormalities in ultrasound images and state the practical issues encountered in characterization of diffuse liver diseases that can be addressed by software algorithms. We then discuss computer-aided diagnosis in general with features and classifiers relevant to diffuse liver diseases. In later sections of this paper, we review the published studies and describe the key findings of those studies. A concise tabular summary comparing image database, features extraction, feature selection, and classification algorithms presented in the published studies is also exhibited. Finally, we conclude with a summary of key findings and directions for further improvements in the areas of accuracy and objectiveness of computer-aided diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Bharti
- 1 Department of Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering, Thapar University, Patiala, India
| | - Deepti Mittal
- 1 Department of Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering, Thapar University, Patiala, India
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Yu H, Touret AS, Li B, O'Brien M, Qureshi MM, Soto JA, Jara H, Anderson SW. Application of texture analysis on parametricT1andT2maps for detection of hepatic fibrosis. J Magn Reson Imaging 2016; 45:250-259. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- HeiShun Yu
- Department of Radiology; Boston University Medical Center; Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Anne-Sophie Touret
- Department of Radiology; Boston University Medical Center; Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Baojun Li
- Department of Radiology; Boston University Medical Center; Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Michael O'Brien
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Boston University Medical Center; Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Muhammad M. Qureshi
- Department of Radiology; Boston University Medical Center; Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Jorge A. Soto
- Department of Radiology; Boston University Medical Center; Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Hernan Jara
- Department of Radiology; Boston University Medical Center; Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Stephan W. Anderson
- Department of Radiology; Boston University Medical Center; Boston Massachusetts USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Coban
- Turkish General Staff, Surgeon General Office, Ankara, Turkey
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