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Edith Ayala-Rodríguez A, Valdés-Rodríguez S, Enrique Olalde-Mathieu V, Arias-Padró M, Reyes-Moreno C, Olalde-Portugal V. Extracellular ligninases production and lignin degradation by Paenibacillus polymyxa. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2024; 70:n/a. [PMID: 38104982 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2023.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria represent an attractive source for the isolation and identification of potentially useful microorganisms for lignin depolymerization, a process required for the use of agricultural waste. In this work, ten autochthonous bacteria isolated from straw, cow manure, and composts were characterized for potential use in the biodelignification of the waste. A comparison of the ability to degrade lignin and the efficiency of ligninolytic enzymes was performed in bacteria grown in media with lignin as a sole carbon source (LLM, 3.5g/L lignin-alkali) and in complex media supplemented with All-Ban fiber (FLM, 1.5g/L). Bacterial isolates showed different abilities to degrade lignin, they decreased the lignin concentration from 7.6 to 18.6% in LLM and from 11.1 to 44.8% in FLM. They also presented the activity of manganese peroxidase, lignin peroxidases, and laccases with different specific activities. However, strain 26 identified as Paenibacillus polymyxa by sequencing the 16S rRNA showed the highest activity of lignin peroxidase and the ability to degrade efficiently lignocellulose. In addition, P. polymyxa showed the highest potential (desirability ≥ 0.795) related to the best combination of properties to depolymerize lignin from biomass. The results suggest that P. polymyxa has a coordinated lignin degradation system constituted of lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, and laccase enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Edith Ayala-Rodríguez
- Programa Regional del Noroeste para el Doctorado en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa
| | - Silvia Valdés-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Irapuato
| | | | - María Arias-Padró
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Irapuato
| | - Cuauhtémoc Reyes-Moreno
- Programa Regional del Noroeste para el Doctorado en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa
| | - Víctor Olalde-Portugal
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Irapuato
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2
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Grossmann L. Sustainable media feedstocks for cellular agriculture. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 73:108367. [PMID: 38679340 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2024.108367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The global food system is shifting towards cellular agriculture, a second domestication marked by cultivating microorganisms and tissues for sustainable food production. This involves tissue engineering, precision fermentation, and microbial biomass fermentation to establish food value chains independent of traditional agriculture. However, these techniques rely on growth media sourced from agricultural, chemical (fossil fuels), and mining supply chains, raising concerns about land use competition, emissions, and resource depletion. Fermentable sugars, nitrogen, and phosphates are key ingredients derived from starch crops, energy-intensive fossil fuel based processes, and finite phosphorus resources, respectively. This review explores sustainable alternatives to reduce land use and emissions associated with cellular agriculture media ingredients. Sustainable alternatives to first generation sugars (lignocellulosic substrates, sidestreams, and gaseous feedstocks), sustainable nitrogen sources (sidestreams, green ammonia, biological nitrogen fixation), and efficient use of phosphates are reviewed. Especially cellulosic sugars, gaseous chemoautotrophic feedstocks, green ammonia, and phosphate recycling are the most promising technologies but economic constraints hinder large-scale adoption, necessitating more efficient processes and cost reduction. Collaborative efforts are vital for a biotechnological future grounded in sustainable feedstocks, mitigating competition with agricultural land and emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutz Grossmann
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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3
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Prado-Acebo I, Cubero-Cardoso J, Lu-Chau TA, Eibes G. Integral multi-valorization of agro-industrial wastes: A review. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 183:42-52. [PMID: 38714121 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Agriculture and industries related to the agriculture sector generate a large amount of waste each year. These wastes are usually burned or dumped, causing damage to the environment, the economy and society. Due to their composition, they have great potential for obtaining high value-added products in biorefineries. This fact, added to the growing demand for energy and chemicals from fossil resources, is driving the interest of the scientific community in them. Biorefinery processes are hardly profitable when applied individually, so a better alternative is to develop integrated multi-feedstock and multi-product biorefinery schemes using all biomass fractions in a zero-waste approach. However, for industrial scale application, extensive research, scale-up studies, and techno-economic and environmental feasibility analyses are needed. This review compiles information on integrated multi-biorefinery processes from agro-industrial wastes to shed light on the path towards sustainable development and circular bioeconomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Prado-Acebo
- CRETUS, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Juan Cubero-Cardoso
- CRETUS, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; Laboratory of Sustainable and Circular Technology, CIDERTA and Chemistry Department, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus de ''El Carmen", University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain.
| | - Thelmo A Lu-Chau
- CRETUS, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Gemma Eibes
- CRETUS, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
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4
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Senanayake M, Lin CY, Mansfield SD, Eudes A, Davison BH, Pingali SV, O'Neill H. Ectopic Production of 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoate in Planta Affects Cellulose Structure and Organization. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:3542-3553. [PMID: 38780531 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass is a highly sustainable and largely carbon dioxide neutral feedstock for the production of biofuels and advanced biomaterials. Although thermochemical pretreatment is typically used to increase the efficiency of cell wall deconstruction, genetic engineering of the major plant cell wall polymers, especially lignin, has shown promise as an alternative approach to reduce biomass recalcitrance. Poplar trees with reduced lignin content and altered composition were previously developed by overexpressing bacterial 3-dehydroshikimate dehydratase (QsuB) enzyme to divert carbon flux from the shikimate pathway. In this work, three transgenic poplar lines with increasing QsuB expression levels and different lignin contents were studied using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS). SANS showed that although the cellulose microfibril cross-sectional dimension remained unchanged, the ordered organization of the microfibrils progressively decreased with increased QsuB expression. This was correlated with decreasing total lignin content in the QsuB lines. WAXS showed that the crystallite dimensions of cellulose microfibrils transverse to the growth direction were not affected by the QsuB expression, but the crystallite dimensions parallel to the growth direction were decreased by ∼20%. Cellulose crystallinity was also decreased with increased QsuB expression, which could be related to high levels of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate, the product of QsuB expression, disrupting microfibril crystallization. In addition, the cellulose microfibril orientation angle showed a bimodal distribution at higher QsuB expression levels. Overall, this study provides new structural insights into the impact of ectopic synthesis of small-molecule metabolites on cellulose organization and structure that can be used for future efforts aimed at reducing biomass recalcitrance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjula Senanayake
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Chien-Yuan Lin
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Shawn D Mansfield
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Aymerick Eudes
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Brian H Davison
- BioSciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Sai Venkatesh Pingali
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Hugh O'Neill
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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Issahaku M, Derkyi NSA, Kemausuor F. A systematic review of the design considerations for the operation and maintenance of small-scale biogas digesters. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24019. [PMID: 38230247 PMCID: PMC10789629 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
This review investigates small-scale biogas digesters' design and construction considerations to address biogas digesters' failures shortly after installation. The frequent failures of small-scale or household biogas digesters negatively affect its adoption as a clean domestic cooking fuel in developing countries, affecting the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 7. The study considered Scopus database-indexed peer-reviewed journals published between 2000 and 2022. Selected papers focussed on real-time monitoring, stirring mechanisms, and temperature control systems based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria with initial search results of 4751 documents, narrowing to 55 papers. The PRISMA 2020 statement was adopted to conduct the study. The study highlights the importance of incorporating a real-time monitoring system as a design factor in small-scale biogas digesters for successful operation and maintenance. The study's findings may be helpful to practitioners, policymakers, and researchers promoting sustainable energy and waste management solutions in low-resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubarick Issahaku
- Regional Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Sunyani, Ghana
- Energy Technology Centre, School of Engineering, University for Development Studies, P. O. Box TL 1350, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Nana Sarfo Agyemang Derkyi
- Regional Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Sunyani, Ghana
| | - Francis Kemausuor
- The Brew-Hammond Energy Center, College of Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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Dubinkina V, Bhogale S, Hsieh PH, Dibaeinia P, Nambiar A, Maslov S, Yoshikuni Y, Sinha S. A transcriptomic atlas of acute stress response to low pH in multiple Issatchenkia orientalis strains. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0253623. [PMID: 38018981 PMCID: PMC10783018 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02536-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Issatchenkia orientalis is a promising industrial chassis to produce biofuels and bioproducts due to its high tolerance to multiple environmental stresses such as low pH, heat, and other chemicals otherwise toxic for the most widely used microbes. Yet, little is known about specific mechanisms of such tolerance in this organism, hindering our ability to engineer this species to produce valuable biochemicals. Here, we report a comprehensive study of the mechanisms of acidic tolerance in this species via transcriptome profiling across variable pH for 12 different strains with different phenotypes. We found multiple regulatory mechanisms involved in tolerance to low pH in different strains of I. orientalis, marking potential targets for future gene editing and perturbation experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Dubinkina
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- The Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Shounak Bhogale
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Ping-Hung Hsieh
- Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Payam Dibaeinia
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Ananthan Nambiar
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Sergei Maslov
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Yasuo Yoshikuni
- Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
- Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saurabh Sinha
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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7
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Nair LG, Agrawal K, Verma P. Organosolv pretreatment: an in-depth purview of mechanics of the system. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2023; 10:50. [PMID: 38647988 PMCID: PMC10991910 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-023-00673-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The concept of biorefinery has been advancing globally and organosolv pretreatment strategy has seen an upsurge in research due to its efficiency in removing the recalcitrant lignin and dissolution of cellulose. The high-performance organosolv system uses green solvents and its reusability contributes concurrently to the biorefinery sector and sustainability. The major advantage of the current system involves the continuous removal of lignin to enhance cellulose accessibility, thereby easing the later biorefinery steps, which were immensely restricted due to the recalcitrant lignin. The current system process can be further explored and enhanced via the amalgamation of new technologies, which is still a work in progress. Thus, the current review summarizes organosolv pretreatment and the range of solvents used, along with a detailed mechanistic approach that results in efficient pretreatment of LCB. The latest developments for designing high-performance pretreatment systems, their pitfalls, and advanced assessments such as Life Cycle Assessment along with Techno-Economic Assessment have also been deliberated to allow an insight into its diverse potential applicability towards a sustainable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshana G Nair
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - Komal Agrawal
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
- Department of Microbiology, School of Bio Engineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Pradeep Verma
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India.
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8
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Jayakumar M, Gindaba GT, Gebeyehu KB, Periyasamy S, Jabesa A, Baskar G, John BI, Pugazhendhi A. Bioethanol production from agricultural residues as lignocellulosic biomass feedstock's waste valorization approach: A comprehensive review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 879:163158. [PMID: 37001650 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Bioenergy is becoming very popular, drawing attention as a renewable energy source that may assist in managing growing energy costs, besides possibly affording revenue to underprivileged farmers and rural populations worldwide. Bioethanol made from agricultural residual-biomass provides irreplaceable environmental, socioeconomic, and strategic benefits and can be considered as a safe and cleaner liquid fuel alternative to traditional fossil fuels. There is a significant advancement made at the bench scale towards fuel ethanol production from agricultural lignocellulosic materials (ALCM). These process technologies include pretreatment of ALCM biomass employment of cellulolytic enzymes for depolymerizing carbohydrate polymers into fermentable sugars to effectively achieve it by applying healthy fermentative microbes for bioethanol generation. Amongst all the available process methods, weak acid hydrolysis followed by enzymatic hydrolysis process technique. Recovering higher proficient celluloses is more attractive in terms of economic benefits and long-term environmental effects. Besides, the state of ALCM biomass based bioethanol production methods is discussed in detail, which could make it easier for the scientific and industrial communities to utilize agricultural leftovers properly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mani Jayakumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Haramaya Institute of Technology, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia.
| | - Gadissa Tokuma Gindaba
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Haramaya Institute of Technology, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Selvakumar Periyasamy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama 1888, Ethiopia
| | - Abdisa Jabesa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Haramaya Institute of Technology, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Gurunathan Baskar
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Joseph's College of Engineering, Chennai 600119, India
| | - Beula Isabel John
- Department of Energy and Environment, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620015, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- University Centre for Research & Development, Department of Civil Engineering, Chandigarh University, Mohali-140103, India; School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon.
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9
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Weldeslase MG, Benti NE, Desta MA, Mekonnen YS. Maximizing biodiesel production from waste cooking oil with lime-based zinc-doped CaO using response surface methodology. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4430. [PMID: 36932169 PMCID: PMC10023746 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30961-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Biodiesel is one of the alternative fuels, commonly produced chemically from oil and methanol using a catalyst. This study aims to maximize biodiesel production from cheap and readily available sources of waste cooking oil (WCO) and lime-based Zinc-doped calcium oxide (Zn-CaO) catalyst prepared with a wet impregnation process. The Zn-CaO nanocatalyst was produced by adding 5% Zn into the calcinated limestone. The morphology, crystal size, and vibrational energies of CaO and Zn-CaO nanocatalysts were determined using SEM, XRD, and FT-IR spectroscopy techniques, respectively. The response surface methodology (RSM), which is based on the box-Behnken design, was used to optimize the key variables of the transesterification reaction. Results showed that when Zn was doped to lime-based CaO, the average crystalline size reduced from 21.14 to 12.51 nm, consequently, structural irregularity and surface area increased. The experimental parameters of methanol to oil molar ratio (14:1), catalyst loading (5% wt.), temperature (57.5 °C), and reaction time (120 min) led to the highest biodiesel conversion of 96.5%. The fuel characteristics of the generated biodiesel fulfilled the American (ASTM D6571) fuel standards. The study suggests the potential use of WCO and lime-based catalyst as efficient and low-cost raw materials for large-scale biodiesel production intended for versatile applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mebrhit Gebreyohanes Weldeslase
- Center for Environmental Science, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Natei Ermias Benti
- Computational Data Science Program, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mekonnen Abebayehu Desta
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Yedilfana Setarge Mekonnen
- Center for Environmental Science, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
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Saravanakumar A, Vijayakumar P, Hoang AT, Kwon EE, Chen WH. Thermochemical conversion of large-size woody biomass for carbon neutrality: Principles, applications, and issues. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 370:128562. [PMID: 36587772 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Large-size woody biomass is a valuable renewable resource to replace fossil fuels in biorefinery processes. The preprocessing of wood chips and briquettes is challenging to manage, especially in an industrial setting, as it generates a significant amount of dust and noise and occasionally causes unexpected accidents. As a result, a substantial amount of resources, energy, labor, and space are needed. The thermochemical conversion behavior of large-size woody biomass was studied to reduce energy consumption for chipping. Large-size wood was 1.5 m in length, 0.1 m in breadth, and stacked 90 cm in height. This strategy has many benefits, including increased effectiveness and reduced CO2 emissions. The target of this paper presents the thermochemical process, and large-size wood was chosen because it provides high-quality product gas while reducing the preprocessing fuel cost. This review examines the benefits of thermochemical conversion technologies for assessing the likelihood of carbon neutrality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayyadurai Saravanakumar
- Centre for Environmental Nuclear Research, Directorate of Research and Virtual Education, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur - 603 203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pradeshwaran Vijayakumar
- Centre for Environmental Nuclear Research, Directorate of Research and Virtual Education, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur - 603 203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anh Tuan Hoang
- Institute of Engineering, HUTECH University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Eilhann E Kwon
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Wei-Hsin Chen
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung 411, Taiwan.
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11
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Lay CH, Dharmaraja J, Shobana S, Arvindnarayan S, Krishna Priya R, Jeyakumar RB, Saratale RG, Park YK, Kumar V, Kumar G. Lignocellulose biohydrogen towards net zero emission: A review on recent developments. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 364:128084. [PMID: 36220533 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This review mainly determines novel and advance physical, chemical, physico-chemical, microbiological and nanotechnology-based pretreatment techniques in lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment for bio-H2 production. Further, aim of this review is to gain the knowledge on the lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment and its priority on the efficacy of bio-H2 and positive findings. The influence of various pretreatment techniques on the structure of lignocellulosic biomass have presented with the pros and cons, especially about the cellulose digestibility and the interference by generation of inhibitory compounds in the bio-enzymatic technique as such compounds is toxic. The result implies that the stepwise pretreatment technique only can ensure eventually the lignocellulosic biomass materials fermentation to yield bio-H2. Though, the mentioned pretreatment steps are still a challenge to procure cost-effective large-scale conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into fermentable sugars along with low inhibitory concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chyi-How Lay
- Master's Program of Green Energy Science and Technology, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jeyaprakash Dharmaraja
- Division of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Humanities, AAA College of Engineering and Technology, Amathur-626005, Virudhunagar District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sutha Shobana
- Green Technology and Sustainable Development in Construction Research Group, Van Lang School of Engineering and Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Sundaram Arvindnarayan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Lord Jegannath College of Engineering and Technology, Marungoor - 629402, Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Retnam Krishna Priya
- Research Department of Physics, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Nagercoil - 629004, Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajesh Banu Jeyakumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur 610005, India
| | - Rijuta Ganesh Saratale
- Research Institute of Integrative Life Sciences, Dongguk University-Seoul, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggido 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kwon Park
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Vinod Kumar
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, United Kingdom
| | - Gopalakrishnan Kumar
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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de Mello FDSB, Coradini ALV, Carazzolle MF, Maneira C, Furlan M, Pereira GAG, Teixeira GS. Genetic mapping of a bioethanol yeast strain reveals new targets for hydroxymethylfurfural- and thermotolerance. Microbiol Res 2022; 263:127138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Kundu P, Mondal S, Ghosh A. Bacterial species metabolic interaction network for deciphering the lignocellulolytic system in fungal cultivating termite gut microbiota. Biosystems 2022; 221:104763. [PMID: 36029916 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2022.104763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Fungus-cultivating termite Odontotermes badius developed a mutualistic association with Termitomyces fungi for the plant material decomposition and providing a food source for the host survival. The mutualistic relationship sifted the microbiome composition of the termite gut and Termitomyces fungal comb. Symbiotic bacterial communities in the O. badius gut and fungal comb have been studied extensively to identify abundant bacteria and their lignocellulose degradation capabilities. Despite several metagenomic studies, the species-wide metabolic interaction pattern of bacterial communities in termite gut and fungal comb remains unclear. The bacterial species metabolic interaction network (BSMIN) has been constructed with 230 bacteria identified from the O. badius gut and fungal comb microbiota. The network portrayed the metabolic map of the entire microbiota and highlighted several inter-species biochemical interactions like cross-feeding, metabolic interdependency, and competition. Further, the reconstruction and analysis of the bacterial influence network (BIN) quantified the positive and negative pairwise influences in the termite gut and fungal comb microbial communities. Several key macromolecule degraders and fermentative microbial entities have been identified by analyzing the BIN. The mechanistic interplay between these influential microbial groups and the crucial glycoside hydrolases (GH) enzymes produced by the macromolecule degraders execute the community-wide functionality of lignocellulose degradation and subsequent fermentation. The metabolic interaction pattern between the nine influential microbial species has been determined by considering them growing in a synthetic microbial community. Competition (30%), parasitism (47%), and mutualism (17%) were predicted to be the major mode of metabolic interaction in this synthetic microbial community. Further, the antagonistic metabolic effect was found to be very high in the metabolic-deprived condition, which may disrupt the community functionality. Thus, metabolic interactions of the crucial bacterial species and their GH enzyme cocktail identified from the O. badius gut and fungal comb microbiota may provide essential knowledge for developing a synthetic microcosm with efficient lignocellulolytic machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritam Kundu
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Suman Mondal
- P.K. Sinha Centre for Bioenergy and Renewables, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Amit Ghosh
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India; P.K. Sinha Centre for Bioenergy and Renewables, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India.
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Xue Y, Shen R, Li Y, Sun Z, Sun X, Li F, Li X, Cheng Y, Zhu W. Anaerobic Fungi Isolated From Bactrian Camel Rumen Contents Have Strong Lignocellulosic Bioconversion Potential. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:888964. [PMID: 35928163 PMCID: PMC9345502 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.888964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to obtain anaerobic fungi from the rumen and fecal samples and investigates their potential for lignocellulosic bioconversion. Multiple anaerobic strains were isolated from rumen contents (CR1–CR21) and fecal samples (CF1–CF10) of Bactrian camel using the Hungate roll tube technique. After screening for fiber degradability, strains from rumen contents (Oontomyces sp. CR2) and feces (Piromyces sp. CF9) were compared with Pecoramyces sp. F1 (earlier isolated from goat rumen, having high CAZymes of GHs) for various fermentation and digestion parameters. The cultures were fermented with different substrates (reed, alfalfa stalk, Broussonetia papyrifera leaves, and Melilotus officinalis) at 39°C for 96 h. The Oontomyces sp. CR2 had the highest total gas and hydrogen production from most substrates in the in vitro rumen fermentation system and also had the highest digestion of dry matter, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and cellulose present in most substrates used. The isolated strains provided higher amounts of metabolites such as lactate, formate, acetate, and ethanol in the in vitro rumen fermentation system for use in various industrial applications. The results illustrated that anaerobic fungi isolated from Bactrian camel rumen contents (Oontomyces sp. CR2) have the highest lignocellulosic bioconversion potential, suggesting that the Bactrian camel rumen could be a good source for the isolation of anaerobic fungi for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Xue
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Shen
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuqi Li
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhanying Sun
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoni Sun
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fengming Li
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Xiaobin Li
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Yanfen Cheng
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Yanfen Cheng,
| | - Weiyun Zhu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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15
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Fast Pyrolysis Oil Upgrading via HDO with Fe-Promoted Nb2O5-Supported Pd-Based Catalysts. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15134762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Due to the high acid, oxygen and water contents of fast pyrolysis oil, it requires the improvement of its fuel properties by further upgrading, such as catalytic hydrodeoxygenation (HDO). In this study, Nb2O5 was evaluated as a support of Pd-based catalysts for HDO of fast pyrolysis oil. A Pd/SiO2 catalyst was used as a reference. Additionally, the impact of iron as a promoter in two different loadings was investigated. The activity of the synthesized catalysts was evaluated in terms of H2 uptake and composition of the upgraded products (gas phase, upgraded oil and aqueous phase) through elemental analysis, Karl Fischer titration, GC-MS/FID and 1H-NMR. In comparison to SiO2, due to its acid sites, Nb2O5 enhanced the catalyst activity towards hydrogenolysis and hydrogenation, confirmed by the increased water formation during HDO and a higher content of hydrogen and aliphatic protons in the upgraded oil. Consequently, the upgraded oil with Nb2O5 had a lower average molecular weight and was therefore less viscous than the oil obtained with SiO2. When applied as a promoter, Fe enhanced hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis, although it slightly decreased the acidity of the support, owing to its oxophilic nature, leading to the highest deoxygenation degree (42.5 wt.%) and the highest product HHV (28.2 MJ/kg).
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16
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Wu MH, Kao MR, Li CW, Yu SM, Ho THD. A unique self-truncation of bacterial GH5 endoglucanases leads to enhanced activity and thermostability. BMC Biol 2022; 20:137. [PMID: 35681203 PMCID: PMC9185962 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01334-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background β-1,4-endoglucanase (EG) is one of the three types of cellulases used in cellulose saccharification during lignocellulosic biofuel/biomaterial production. GsCelA is an EG secreted by the thermophilic bacterium Geobacillus sp. 70PC53 isolated from rice straw compost in southern Taiwan. This enzyme belongs to glycoside hydrolase family 5 (GH5) with a TIM-barrel structure common among all members of this family. GsCelA exhibits excellent lignocellulolytic activity and thermostability. In the course of investigating the regulation of this enzyme, it was fortuitously discovered that GsCelA undergoes a novel self-truncation/activation process that appears to be common among GH5 enzymes. Results Three diverse Gram-positive bacterial GH5 EGs, but not a GH12 EG, undergo an unexpected self-truncation process by removing a part of their C-terminal region. This unique process has been studied in detail with GsCelA. The purified recombinant GsCelA was capable of removing a 53-amino-acid peptide from the C-terminus. Natural or engineered GsCelA truncated variants, with up to 60-amino-acid deletion from the C-terminus, exhibited higher specific activity and thermostability than the full-length enzyme. Interestingly, the C-terminal part that is removed in this self-truncation process is capable of binding to cellulosic substrates of EGs. The protein truncation, which is pH and temperature dependent, occurred between amino acids 315 and 316, but removal of these two amino acids did not stop the process. Furthermore, mutations of E142A and E231A, which are essential for EG activity, did not affect the protein self-truncation process. Conversely, two single amino acid substitution mutations affected the self-truncation activity without much impact on EG activities. In Geobacillus sp. 70PC53, the full-length GsCelA was first synthesized in the cell but progressively transformed into the truncated form and eventually secreted. The GsCelA self-truncation was not affected by standard protease inhibitors, but could be suppressed by EDTA and EGTA and enhanced by certain divalent ions, such as Ca2+, Mg2+, and Cu2+. Conclusions This study reveals novel insights into the strategy of Gram-positive bacteria for directing their GH5 EGs to the substrate, and then releasing the catalytic part for enhanced activity via a spontaneous self-truncation process. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-022-01334-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Huey Wu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Mu-Rong Kao
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chen-Wei Li
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Su-May Yu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,Biotechnology Research Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Tuan-Hua David Ho
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,Biotechnology Research Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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17
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Areeshi MY. Microbial cellulase production using fruit wastes and its applications in biofuels production. Int J Food Microbiol 2022; 378:109814. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Tao X, Liu J, Kempher ML, Xu T, Zhou J. In vivo Functional Characterization of Hydrophilic X2 Modules in the Cellulosomal Scaffolding Protein. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:861549. [PMID: 35464986 PMCID: PMC9022034 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.861549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
As part of free cellulases or scaffolding proteins in cellulosomes, the hydrophilic non-catalytic X2 module is widely distributed in cellulolytic Clostridia or other Firmicutes bacteria. Previous biochemical studies suggest that X2 modules might increase the solubility and substrate binding affinity of X2-bearing proteins. However, their in vivo biological functions remain elusive. Here we employed CRISPR-Cas9 editing to genetically modify X2 modules by deleting the conserved motif (NGNT) from the CipC scaffoldin. Both single and double X2 mutants (X2-N: near the N terminus of CipC; X2-C: near the C terminus of CipC) presented similar stoichiometric compositions in isolated cellulosomes as the wildtype strain (WT). These X2 mutants had an elongated adaptation stage during growth on cellulose compared to cellobiose. Compared to WT, the double mutant ΔX2-NC reduced cellulose degradation by 15% and the amount of released soluble sugars by 63%. Since single X2 mutants did not present such obvious physiological changes as ΔX2-NC, there seems to be a functional redundancy between X2 modules in CipC. The in vivo adhesion assay revealed that ΔX2-NC decreased cell attachment to cellulose by 70% but a weaker effect was also overserved in single X2 mutants. These results highlight the in vivo biological role of X2 in increasing cellulose degradation efficiency by enhancing the binding affinity between cells and cellulose, which provides new perspectives for microbial engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanyu Tao
- Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
| | - Jiantao Liu
- Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Megan L. Kempher
- Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
| | - Tao Xu
- Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
- Section on Pathophysiology and Molecular Pharmacology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Tao Xu,
| | - Jizhong Zhou
- Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
- Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Jizhong Zhou,
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19
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Rashidi NA, Chai YH, Yusup S. Biomass Energy in Malaysia: Current Scenario, Policies, and Implementation Challenges. BIOENERGY RESEARCH 2022; 15:1371-1386. [PMID: 35079317 PMCID: PMC8776554 DOI: 10.1007/s12155-022-10392-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The energy demand in Malaysia has shown a dramatic increase over the last few years: with natural gas and coal being the primary contributors. Nevertheless, due to declining in fossil fuel reserves coupled with negative environmental impacts, shifting to sustainable renewable energy for meeting the future energy demand is recommended. Since Malaysia is rich with natural resources, utilization of biomass energy (bioenergy/biofuel) as the alternative energy is promising to be further explored. Therefore, this review paper intents to discuss the current scenario of different types of biomass energy in Malaysia along with the up-to-date local biomass energy-related environmental policy (from 2016 onwards). In addition, challenges and barriers for large-scale implementation of the biomass energy in Malaysia are to be discussed. Overall, this review paper is interesting as it can assist in promoting the biomass utilization as energy source, and to ensure the future growth of biomass energy market in the country along with its effective implementation while alleviating poor disposal problem and to create job employment opportunities. Furthermore, a collective effort to expand potential biomass feedstocks, apart from oil palm, should be emphasized to encourage the renewable energy production diversification in the nation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Adilla Rashidi
- HICoE – Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Malaysia
| | - Yee Ho Chai
- HICoE – Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Malaysia
| | - Suzana Yusup
- Generation Unit (Fuel & Combustion Section), Tenaga Nasional Berhad Research (TNBR), No 1, Kawasan Institusi Penyelidikan, Jln Ayer Hitam, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Malaysia
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20
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Narisetty V, Cox R, Bommareddy R, Agrawal D, Ahmad E, Pant KK, Chandel AK, Bhatia SK, Kumar D, Binod P, Gupta VK, Kumar V. Valorisation of xylose to renewable fuels and chemicals, an essential step in augmenting the commercial viability of lignocellulosic biorefineries. SUSTAINABLE ENERGY & FUELS 2021; 6:29-65. [PMID: 35028420 PMCID: PMC8691124 DOI: 10.1039/d1se00927c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Biologists and engineers are making tremendous efforts in contributing to a sustainable and green society. To that end, there is growing interest in waste management and valorisation. Lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) is the most abundant material on the earth and an inevitable waste predominantly originating from agricultural residues, forest biomass and municipal solid waste streams. LCB serves as the renewable feedstock for clean and sustainable processes and products with low carbon emission. Cellulose and hemicellulose constitute the polymeric structure of LCB, which on depolymerisation liberates oligomeric or monomeric glucose and xylose, respectively. The preferential utilization of glucose and/or absence of the xylose metabolic pathway in microbial systems cause xylose valorization to be alienated and abandoned, a major bottleneck in the commercial viability of LCB-based biorefineries. Xylose is the second most abundant sugar in LCB, but a non-conventional industrial substrate unlike glucose. The current review seeks to summarize the recent developments in the biological conversion of xylose into a myriad of sustainable products and associated challenges. The review discusses the microbiology, genetics, and biochemistry of xylose metabolism with hurdles requiring debottlenecking for efficient xylose assimilation. It further describes the product formation by microbial cell factories which can assimilate xylose naturally and rewiring of metabolic networks to ameliorate xylose-based bioproduction in native as well as non-native strains. The review also includes a case study that provides an argument on a suitable pathway for optimal cell growth and succinic acid (SA) production from xylose through elementary flux mode analysis. Finally, a product portfolio from xylose bioconversion has been evaluated along with significant developments made through enzyme, metabolic and process engineering approaches, to maximize the product titers and yield, eventually empowering LCB-based biorefineries. Towards the end, the review is wrapped up with current challenges, concluding remarks, and prospects with an argument for intense future research into xylose-based biorefineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Narisetty
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University Cranfield MK43 0AL UK +44 (0)1234754786
| | - Rylan Cox
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University Cranfield MK43 0AL UK +44 (0)1234754786
- School of Aerospace, Transport and Manufacturing, Cranfield University Cranfield MK43 0AL UK
| | - Rajesh Bommareddy
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST UK
| | - Deepti Agrawal
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Area, Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Petroleum Mohkampur Dehradun 248005 India
| | - Ejaz Ahmad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM) Dhanbad 826004 India
| | - Kamal Kumar Pant
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi New Delhi 110016 India
| | - Anuj Kumar Chandel
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena (EEL), University of São Paulo Lorena 12.602.810 Brazil
| | - Shashi Kant Bhatia
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University Seoul 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- School of Bioengineering & Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences Solan 173229 Himachal Pradesh India
| | - Parmeswaran Binod
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST) Thiruvananthapuram 695 019 Kerala India
| | | | - Vinod Kumar
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University Cranfield MK43 0AL UK +44 (0)1234754786
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi New Delhi 110016 India
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21
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Novel Propagation Strategy of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for Enhanced Xylose Metabolism during Fermentation on Softwood Hydrolysate. FERMENTATION 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7040288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An economically viable production of second-generation bioethanol by recombinant xylose-fermenting Saccharomyces cerevisiae requires higher xylose fermentation rates and improved glucose–xylose co-consumption. Moreover, xylose-fermenting S. cerevisiae recognises xylose as a non-fermentable rather than a fermentable carbon source, which might partly explain why xylose is not fermented into ethanol as efficiently as glucose. This study proposes propagating S. cerevisiae on non-fermentable carbon sources to enhance xylose metabolism during fermentation. When compared to yeast grown on sucrose, cells propagated on a mix of ethanol and glycerol in shake flasks showed up to 50% higher xylose utilisation rate (in a defined xylose medium) and a double maximum fermentation rate, together with an improved C5/C6 co-consumption (on an industrial softwood hydrolysate). Based on these results, an automated propagation protocol was developed, using a fed-batch approach and the respiratory quotient to guide the ethanol and glycerol-containing feed. This successfully produced 71.29 ± 0.91 g/L yeast with an average productivity of 1.03 ± 0.05 g/L/h. These empirical findings provide the basis for the design of a simple, yet effective yeast production strategy to be used in the second-generation bioethanol industry for increased fermentation efficiency.
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22
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Chatterjee S, Venkata Mohan S. Refining of vegetable waste to renewable sugars for ethanol production: Depolymerization andfermentation optimization. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 340:125650. [PMID: 34426236 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The study evaluates the potential of different vegetable wastes namely, composite vegetable waste (CVW), potato waste (PW), sweet potato waste (SPW) and yam waste (YW) as an alternative feedstock for the production of renewable sugars. Thermal assisted chemical pretreatment followed by enzymatic saccharification yielded maximum sugars (0.515 g/g CVW, 0.56 g/g PW, 0.57 g/g SPW and 0.56 g/g YW) with total carbohydrate depolymerization of 95.01%, 88.30%, 90.32% and 88.59% respectively. Obtained sugars were valorized into bioethanol through fermentation using S. cerevisiae by optimizing the pH and temperature. The highest ethanol yield of 251.85 mg/g was obtained from SPW at 35°C followed by YW (240.98 mg/g), PW (235.4 mg/g) and CVW (125.6 mg/g) at pH 5.0. Utilizing the abundantly available vegetable wastes as a renewable feedstock for reducing sugars and subsequent bioethanol production will influence the economics and sustainability of the process positively in circular biorefinery format.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulogna Chatterjee
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - S Venkata Mohan
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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23
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A Short Review on Catalyst, Feedstock, Modernised Process, Current State and Challenges on Biodiesel Production. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11111261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodiesel, comprising mono alkyl fatty acid esters or methyl ethyl esters, is an encouraging option to fossil fuels or diesel produced from petroleum; it has comparable characteristics and its use has the potential to diminish carbon dioxide production and greenhouse gas emissions. Manufactured from recyclable and sustainable feedstocks, e.g., oils originating from vegetation, biodiesel has biodegradable properties and has no toxic impact on ecosystems. The evolution of biodiesel has been precipitated by the continuing environmental damage created by the deployment of fossil fuels. Biodiesel is predominantly synthesised via transesterification and esterification procedures. These involve a number of key constituents, i.e., the feedstock and catalytic agent, the proportion of methanol to oil, the circumstances of the reaction and the product segregation and purification processes. Elements that influence the yield and standard of the obtained biodiesel encompass the form and quantity of the feedstock and reaction catalyst, the proportion of alcohol to feedstock, the temperature of the reaction, and its duration. Contemporary research has evaluated the output of biodiesel reactors in terms of energy production and timely biodiesel manufacture. In order to synthesise biodiesel for industrial use efficaciously, it is essential to acknowledge the technological advances that have significant potential in this sector. The current paper therefore offers a review of contemporary progress, feedstock categorisation, and catalytic agents for the manufacture of biodiesel and production reactors, together with modernised processing techniques. The production reactor, form of catalyst, methods of synthesis, and feedstock standards are additionally subjects of discourse so as to detail a comprehensive setting pertaining to the chemical process. Numerous studies are ongoing in order to develop increasingly efficacious techniques for biodiesel manufacture; these acknowledge the use of solid catalytic agents and non-catalytic supercritical events. This review appraises the contemporary situation with respect to biodiesel production in a range of contexts. The spectrum of techniques for the efficacious manufacture of biodiesel encompasses production catalysed by homogeneous or heterogeneous enzymes or promoted by microwave or ultrasonic technologies. A description of the difficulties to be surmounted going forward in the sector is presented.
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Senbeta D, Kebede M. Investigation of promoter regions, motifs, and CpG islands in the regulation of gene expression in Trametes hirsuta strain 072. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2021; 19:160. [PMID: 34661793 PMCID: PMC8523640 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-021-00261-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background In silico analysis of transcription start sites, promoter regions, transcription factors and their binding sites, and CpG islands for the Trametes hirsuta strain 072 genome were performed to understand the regulation mechanisms of gene expression and its genetic variations in the genomes. Therefore, a computational survey was carried out for the Trametes hirsuta strain 072 genome with the open reading frames from the National Center for Biotechnology Information database. Seventeen functional sequences were used to analyze promoter regions and their regulatory elements. Result The present study revealed that 94% of Trametes hirsuta strain 072 genes contained more than two TSSs. Among these identified TSSs, a TSS with the highest predictive score was considered to determine a promoter region of the genes. Moreover, a total of five common candidate motifs such as MotI, MotII, MotIII, MotIV, and MotV were identified. Among these motifs, motif IV was investigated as the common promoter motif for 41.17% of genes that serve as binding sites for transcription factors (TFs) involved in the expression regulation of Trametes hirsuta strain 072 genes. Motif IV was also compared to registered motifs in publically available databases to see if they are similar to known regulatory motifs for TF using TOMTOM web server. Hence, it was revealed that MotIV might serve as the binding site mainly for the leucine zipper TF gene family to regulate a gene expression of Trametes hirsuta strain 072. Regarding CpG island determination, it was concluded that there is no CpG island in both promoter and gene body regions of the Trametes hirsuta strain 072 genome. Conclusions This study provides a better insight into further molecular characterization which aimed to efficiently exploit a white rot fungus, Trametes hirsuta strain 072, for several biotechnological applications aimed to revitalize a severely contaminated environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinku Senbeta
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Applied Natural Science, Adama Science and Technology University, P.O. Box 1888, Adama, Ethiopia. .,Department of Biology, College of Natural & Computational Science, Adigrat University, P.O. Box 50, Adigrat, Ethiopia.
| | - Mulugeta Kebede
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Applied Natural Science, Adama Science and Technology University, P.O. Box 1888, Adama, Ethiopia
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25
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A critical perspective on the scope of interdisciplinary approaches used in fourth-generation biofuel production. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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26
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Sadvakasova AK, Kossalbayev BD, Zayadan BK, Kirbayeva DK, Alwasel S, Allakhverdiev SI. Potential of cyanobacteria in the conversion of wastewater to biofuels. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:140. [PMID: 34278541 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03107-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Environmental and energy security has now become a serious global problem, requiring a lot of research to find and implement its cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternatives. The development and use of renewable energy sources is necessary and important in order to avoid the emergence of a global economic crisis. One of the solution to prevent a future crisis caused by energy shortages is to introduce biofuels into the fuel market. Despite the fact that various forms of renewable energy are currently used, the prospects for the production of biofuels from cyanobacteria are quite high due to their unique properties, such as a high lipid content and a suitable fatty acid (FA) composition for the production of biofuels, their suitability for growing open water and the ability to grow on wastewater. The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive overview of the potential of cyanobacteria in the conversion of wastewater into biofuels. The article covers comparative data on the accumulation of lipids and the content of fatty acids in various representatives of cyanobacteria and their possibilities in the remediation of wastewater. Various approaches to the extraction of lipids from phototrophic microorganisms that are currently available, their advantages and disadvantages, and the results of the monitoring of the main key points of the development of the technology for converting cyanobacterial biomass into biofuels, with an emphasis on the existing barriers, effects and solutions, are also considered. Further research in this field is required for the successful implementation of this technology on an industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asemgul K Sadvakasova
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Avenue 71, 050038, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
| | - Bekzhan D Kossalbayev
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Avenue 71, 050038, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Bolatkhan K Zayadan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Avenue 71, 050038, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Dariga K Kirbayeva
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Avenue 71, 050038, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Saleh Alwasel
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suleyman I Allakhverdiev
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Avenue 71, 050038, Almaty, Kazakhstan. .,Controlled Photobiosynthesis Laboratory, Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow, Russia, 127276. .,Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 12372, Saudi Arabia.
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27
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Hoffman SM, Alvarez M, Alfassi G, Rein DM, Garcia-Echauri S, Cohen Y, Avalos JL. Cellulosic biofuel production using emulsified simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (eSSF) with conventional and thermotolerant yeasts. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:157. [PMID: 34274018 PMCID: PMC8285809 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-02008-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Future expansion of corn-derived ethanol raises concerns of sustainability and competition with the food industry. Therefore, cellulosic biofuels derived from agricultural waste and dedicated energy crops are necessary. To date, slow and incomplete saccharification as well as high enzyme costs have hindered the economic viability of cellulosic biofuels, and while approaches like simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) and the use of thermotolerant microorganisms can enhance production, further improvements are needed. Cellulosic emulsions have been shown to enhance saccharification by increasing enzyme contact with cellulose fibers. In this study, we use these emulsions to develop an emulsified SSF (eSSF) process for rapid and efficient cellulosic biofuel production and make a direct three-way comparison of ethanol production between S. cerevisiae, O. polymorpha, and K. marxianus in glucose and cellulosic media at different temperatures. RESULTS In this work, we show that cellulosic emulsions hydrolyze rapidly at temperatures tolerable to yeast, reaching up to 40-fold higher conversion in the first hour compared to microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). To evaluate suitable conditions for the eSSF process, we explored the upper temperature limits for the thermotolerant yeasts Kluyveromyces marxianus and Ogataea polymorpha, as well as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and observed robust fermentation at up to 46, 50, and 42 °C for each yeast, respectively. We show that the eSSF process reaches high ethanol titers in short processing times, and produces close to theoretical yields at temperatures as low as 30 °C. Finally, we demonstrate the transferability of the eSSF technology to other products by producing the advanced biofuel isobutanol in a light-controlled eSSF using optogenetic regulators, resulting in up to fourfold higher titers relative to MCC SSF. CONCLUSIONS The eSSF process addresses the main challenges of cellulosic biofuel production by increasing saccharification rate at temperatures tolerable to yeast. The rapid hydrolysis of these emulsions at low temperatures permits fermentation using non-thermotolerant yeasts, short processing times, low enzyme loads, and makes it possible to extend the process to chemicals other than ethanol, such as isobutanol. This transferability establishes the eSSF process as a platform for the sustainable production of biofuels and chemicals as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon M Hoffman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hoyt Laboratory, Princeton University, 101 Hoyt Laboratory, William Street, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Maria Alvarez
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hoyt Laboratory, Princeton University, 101 Hoyt Laboratory, William Street, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Gilad Alfassi
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, ORT Braude College, Karmiel, Israel
| | - Dmitry M Rein
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sergio Garcia-Echauri
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hoyt Laboratory, Princeton University, 101 Hoyt Laboratory, William Street, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Yachin Cohen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - José L Avalos
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hoyt Laboratory, Princeton University, 101 Hoyt Laboratory, William Street, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA.
- The Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA.
- Princeton Environmental Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA.
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28
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Puke M, Godina D, Kirpluks M, Rizikovs J, Brazdausks P. Residual Birch Wood Lignocellulose after 2-Furaldehyde Production as a Potential Feedstock for Obtaining Fiber. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13111816. [PMID: 34072843 PMCID: PMC8199151 DOI: 10.3390/polym13111816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
From birch wood, it is possible to obtain both acetic acid and 2-furaldehyde as valuable value-added products. The main objective of this study was to develop a new wasteless technology for obtaining 2-furaldehyde, acetic acid, and lignocellulose (LC) residue usable as feedstock in further processing such as thermomechanical (TMP), alkaline peroxide mechanical (APMP), and sulfate pulping processes. To achieve this objective several screening tests were performed, and a further experimental plan was developed using DesignExpert11. Process yields were analyzed both in terms of total yield and at individual time increments. In addition, the obtained LC residue was also characterized. A unique bench-scale reactor system was used to obtain an LC material without pentoses and with maximum preservation of cellulose fiber for further research. Studies on the deacetylation and dehydration of birch wood hemicelluloses of pentose monosaccharides to 2-furaldehyde and acetic acid using orthophosphoric acid as a catalyst were carried out. Results showed that, depending on the used pre-treatment conditions, the 2-furaldehyde yield was from 0.04% to 10.84% oven dry mass (o.d.m.), the acetic acid yield was from 0.51% to 6.50% o.d.m., and the LC residue yield was from 68.13% to 98.07% o.d.m. with minimal content of admixtures. Process optimization using DesignExpert11 revealed that the main pre-treatment process parameters that influenced the yield of 2-furaldehyde in the pre-treatment process were process temperature (53.3%) and process duration (29.8%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maris Puke
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (D.G.); (M.K.); (J.R.); (P.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +371-29-87-43-22
| | - Daniela Godina
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (D.G.); (M.K.); (J.R.); (P.B.)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Latvia, Jelgavas 1, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
| | - Mikelis Kirpluks
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (D.G.); (M.K.); (J.R.); (P.B.)
| | - Janis Rizikovs
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (D.G.); (M.K.); (J.R.); (P.B.)
| | - Prans Brazdausks
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (D.G.); (M.K.); (J.R.); (P.B.)
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29
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Waghmare PR, Waghmare PP, Gao L, Sun W, Qin Y, Liu G, Qu Y. Efficient Constitutive Expression of Cellulolytic Enzymes in Penicillium oxalicum for Improved Efficiency of Lignocellulose Degradation. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 31:740-746. [PMID: 33746194 PMCID: PMC9705867 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2101.01003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Efficient cellulolytic enzyme production is important for the development of lignocellulose-degrading enzyme mixtures. However, purification of cellulases from their native hosts is time- and labor-consuming. In this study, a constitutive expression system was developed in Penicillium oxalicum for the secreted production of proteins. Using a constitutive polyubiquitin gene promoter and cultivating with glucose as the sole carbon source, nine cellulolytic enzymes of different origins with relatively high purity were produced within 48 h. When supplemented to a commercial cellulase preparation, cellobiohydrolase I from P. funiculosum and cellobiohydrolase II from Talaromyces verruculosus showed remarkable enhancing effects on the hydrolysis of steam-exploded corn stover. Additionally, a synergistic effect was observed for these two cellobiohydrolases during the hydrolysis. Taken together, the constitutive expression system provides a convenient tool for the production of cellulolytic enzymes, which is expected to be useful in the development of highly efficient lignocellulose-degrading enzyme mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Liwei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Shandong 266237, P. R. China,Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong 266101, P. R. China
| | - Wan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Shandong 266237, P. R. China,National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
| | - Yuqi Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Shandong 266237, P. R. China,National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
| | - Guodong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Shandong 266237, P. R. China,National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Shandong 266237, P. R. China,Corresponding author Phone: +86-532-58632406 Fax: +86-532-58631501 E-mail:
| | - Yinbo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Shandong 266237, P. R. China,National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
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30
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Chatzipanagiotou KR, Soekhoe V, Jourdin L, Buisman CJN, Bitter JH, Strik DPBTB. Catalytic Cooperation between a Copper Oxide Electrocatalyst and a Microbial Community for Microbial Electrosynthesis. Chempluschem 2021; 86:763-777. [PMID: 33973736 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202100119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Electrocatalytic metals and microorganisms can be combined for CO2 conversion in microbial electrosynthesis (MES). However, a systematic investigation on the nature of interactions between metals and MES is still lacking. To investigate this nature, we integrated a copper electrocatalyst, converting CO2 to formate, with microorganisms, converting CO2 to acetate. A co-catalytic (i. e. metabolic) relationship was evident, as up to 140 mg L-1 of formate was produced solely by copper oxide, while formate was also evidently produced by copper and consumed by microorganisms producing acetate. Due to non-metabolic interactions, current density decreased by over 4 times, though acetate yield increased by 3.3 times. Despite the antimicrobial role of copper, biofilm formation was possible on a pure copper surface. Overall, we show for the first time that a CO2 -reducing copper electrocatalyst can be combined with MES under biological conditions, resulting in metabolic and non-metabolic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina-Roxani Chatzipanagiotou
- Biobased Chemistry and Technology, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Virangni Soekhoe
- Biobased Chemistry and Technology, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ludovic Jourdin
- Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Currently at Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Cees J N Buisman
- Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - J Harry Bitter
- Biobased Chemistry and Technology, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - David P B T B Strik
- Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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31
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Cost and Environmental Benefits of Using Pelleted Corn Stover for Bioethanol Production. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14092528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
While the production costs and logistical benefits of biomass pelleting have been widely discussed in the literature, the downstream economic and environmental benefits of processing pelleted biomass have been largely neglected. To investigate those benefits, we performed a comparative techno-economic analysis and life cycle assessment of producing ethanol using loose and pelleted forms of biomass. Analyses of a 2000 metric tons (dry)/d biorefinery showed that using pelleted biomass is more economical than using loose or baled biomass. The lowest minimum ethanol selling price (MESP) for pelleted biomass was USD 0.58/gal less than the lowest MESP for loose biomass. Among all processing conditions analyzed, MESP for ethanol produced with pelleted biomass was always lower than when produced with loose biomass. Shorter pretreatment and hydrolysis times, higher pretreatment solids loadings, lower ammonia requirements, and reduced enzyme loadings were the primary factors contributing to lower MESP with pelleted biomass. Similarly, pelleted biomass also demonstrated a 50% lower life cycle greenhouse gas emission compared to loose biomass. Emissions from higher pelleting energy were offset by downstream advantage in lower chemical needs.
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32
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Nwaefuna AE, Rumbold K, Boekhout T, Zhou N. Bioethanolic yeasts from dung beetles: tapping the potential of extremophilic yeasts for improvement of lignocellulolytic feedstock fermentation. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:86. [PMID: 33827664 PMCID: PMC8028181 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-01940-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Bioethanol from abundant and inexpensive agricultural and industrial wastes possesses the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Bioethanol as renewable fuel addresses elevated production costs, as well as food security concerns. Although technical advancements in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation have reduced the cost of production, one major drawback of this technology is that the pre-treatment process creates environmental stressors inhibitory to fermentative yeasts subsequently reducing bioethanol productivity. Robust fermentative yeasts with extreme stress tolerance remain limited. This review presents the potential of dung beetles from pristine and unexplored environments as an attractive source of extremophilic bioethanolic yeasts. Dung beetles survive on a recalcitrant lignocellulose-rich diet suggesting the presence of symbiotic yeasts with a cellulolytic potential. Dung beetles inhabiting extreme stress environments have the potential to harbour yeasts with the ability to withstand inhibitory environmental stresses typically associated with bioethanol production. The review further discusses established methods used to isolate bioethanolic yeasts, from dung beetles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Ejiro Nwaefuna
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Private Bag 16, Palapye, Botswana
| | - Karl Rumbold
- Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Teun Boekhout
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, 3584CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, 1098 SM Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nerve Zhou
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Private Bag 16, Palapye, Botswana
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A New Perspective for Climate Change Mitigation—Introducing Carbon-Negative Hydrogen Production from Biomass with Carbon Capture and Storage (HyBECCS). SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13074026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The greatest lever for advancing climate adaptation and mitigation is the defossilization of energy systems. A key opportunity to replace fossil fuels across sectors is the use of renewable hydrogen. In this context, the main political and social push is currently on climate neutral hydrogen (H2) production through electrolysis using renewable electricity. Another climate neutral possibility that has recently gained importance is biohydrogen production from biogenic residual and waste materials. This paper introduces for the first time a novel concept for the production of hydrogen with net negative emissions. The derived concept combines biohydrogen production using biotechnological or thermochemical processes with carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and storage. Various process combinations referred to this basic approach are defined as HyBECCS (Hydrogen Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage) and described in this paper. The technical principles and resulting advantages of the novel concept are systematically derived and compared with other Negative Emission Technologies (NET). These include the high concentration and purity of the CO2 to be captured compared to Direct Air Carbon Capture (DAC) and Post-combustion Carbon Capture (PCC) as well as the emission-free use of hydrogen resulting in a higher possible CO2 capture rate compared to hydrocarbon-based biofuels generated with Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) technologies. Further, the role of carbon-negative hydrogen in future energy systems is analyzed, taking into account key societal and technological drivers against the background of climate adaptation and mitigation. For this purpose, taking the example of the Federal Republic of Germany, the ecological impacts are estimated, and an economic assessment is made. For the production and use of carbon-negative hydrogen, a saving potential of 8.49–17.06 MtCO2,eq/a is estimated for the year 2030 in Germany. The production costs for carbon-negative hydrogen would have to be below 4.30 € per kg in a worst-case scenario and below 10.44 € in a best-case scenario in order to be competitive in Germany, taking into account hydrogen market forecasts.
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Bonifacino S, Resquín F, Lopretti M, Buxedas L, Vázquez S, González M, Sapolinski A, Hirigoyen A, Doldán J, Rachid C, Carrasco-Letelier L. Bioethanol production using high density Eucalyptus crops in Uruguay. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06031. [PMID: 33532649 PMCID: PMC7829204 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental scale crops for Eucalyptus grandis, Eucalyptus benthamii, Eucalyptus dunnii and Eucalyptus tereticornis, at 2,220, 4,440 and 6,660 trees ha−1 were established in two soil units, at Paysandú and Tacuarembó, Uruguay. Wood samples were taken from twenty-two-months-old trees, and were used to produce bioethanol by pre-hydrolysis simultaneous saccharyfication and fermentation process (PSSF). Cellulose and lignin content was analyzed. Species and planting density affected biomass production at both sites; the highest value was obtained with E. dunnii at 6,660 trees ha−1 at Paysandú. Cellulose content of wood varied between species at both sites, but only between planting densities at Tacuarembó. The site effect showed that the highest amount of cellulose (14.7 Mg ha−1) was produced at Paysandú. E. benthamii and E. tereticornis wood showed higher lignin contents, conversely, the PSSF yields showed no differences, which led to a bioethanol average of 97 L Mg−1. Bioethanol productivity was associated to the biomass productivity. It was possible to obtain 2,650 L ha−1 of bioethanol using wood from E. benthamii, E. dunnii and E. grandis at 4,440 and 6,660 trees ha−1 at Paysandú, and with E. benthamii at 4,440 and 6,660 trees ha−1, and E. dunnii at 6,660 trees ha−1 at Tacuarembó.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Bonifacino
- Laboratorio de Técnicas nucleares aplicadas en Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Mataojo 2055, CP 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Fernando Resquín
- Programa Nacional de Investigación Forestal, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA), Ruta 5 Brigadier Gral. Fructuoso Rivera km 386, CP 45000, Tacuarembó, Uruguay
| | - Mary Lopretti
- Laboratorio de Técnicas nucleares aplicadas en Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Mataojo 2055, CP 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay.,I&D Biotecnología, Laboratorio Tecnológico de Uruguay (LATU), Av. Italia 6201, CP 11500, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Luciana Buxedas
- Laboratorio de Técnicas nucleares aplicadas en Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Mataojo 2055, CP 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Sylvia Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Técnicas nucleares aplicadas en Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Mataojo 2055, CP 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mariana González
- I&D Biotecnología, Laboratorio Tecnológico de Uruguay (LATU), Av. Italia 6201, CP 11500, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Alejandra Sapolinski
- I&D Biotecnología, Laboratorio Tecnológico de Uruguay (LATU), Av. Italia 6201, CP 11500, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Andrés Hirigoyen
- Programa Nacional de Investigación Forestal, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA), Ruta 5 Brigadier Gral. Fructuoso Rivera km 386, CP 45000, Tacuarembó, Uruguay
| | - Javier Doldán
- Departamento de Forestales, Laboratorio Tecnológico de Uruguay (LATU), Av. Italia 6201, CP 11500, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Cecilia Rachid
- Programa Nacional de Investigación Forestal, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA), Ruta 5 Brigadier Gral. Fructuoso Rivera km 386, CP 45000, Tacuarembó, Uruguay
| | - Leonidas Carrasco-Letelier
- Programa Nacional de Investigación en Producción y Sustentabilidad Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA), Ruta 50 km 11, CP 70000, Colonia, Uruguay
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Tey SY, Wong SS, Lam JA, Ong NQ, Foo DC, Ng DK. Extended hierarchical decomposition approach for the synthesis of biorefinery processes. Chem Eng Res Des 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2020.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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da Cunha Abreu Xavier M, Teixeira Franco T. Obtaining hemicellulosic hydrolysate from sugarcane bagasse for microbial oil production by Lipomyces starkeyi. Biotechnol Lett 2021; 43:967-979. [PMID: 33517513 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-021-03080-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The extraction of the hemicellulose fraction of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) by acid hydrolysis was evaluated in an autoclave and a Parr reactor aiming the application of the hydrolysate as a carbon source for lipid production by Lipomyces starkeyi. RESULTS The hydrolysis that resulted in the highest sugar concentration was obtained by treatment in the Parr reactor (HHR) at 1.5% (m/v) H2SO4 and 120 °C for 20 min, reaching a hemicellulose conversion of approximately 82%. The adaptation of the yeast to the hydrolysate provided good fermentability and no lag phase. The fermentation of hemicellulose-derived sugars (HHR) by L. starkeyi resulted in a 27.8% (w/w) lipid content and YP/S of 0.16 g/l.h. Increasing the inoculum size increased the lipid content by approximately 61%, reaching 44.8% (w/w). CONCLUSION The hemicellulose hydrolysate from SCB is a potential substrate for L. starkeyi to produce lipids for biodiesel synthesis based on the biorefinery concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle da Cunha Abreu Xavier
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Tocantins (UFT), Badejos Street 69-72, Jardim Cervilha, Gurupi, TO, 77404-970, Brazil.
| | - Telma Teixeira Franco
- Department of Process Engineering (DEPro), School of Chemical Engineering, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Albert Einstein Avenue, 500, Zeferino Vaz University City, Campinas, SP, 13083-852, Brazil
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Adegboye MF, Ojuederie OB, Talia PM, Babalola OO. Bioprospecting of microbial strains for biofuel production: metabolic engineering, applications, and challenges. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:5. [PMID: 33407786 PMCID: PMC7788794 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01853-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The issues of global warming, coupled with fossil fuel depletion, have undoubtedly led to renewed interest in other sources of commercial fuels. The search for renewable fuels has motivated research into the biological degradation of lignocellulosic biomass feedstock to produce biofuels such as bioethanol, biodiesel, and biohydrogen. The model strain for biofuel production needs the capability to utilize a high amount of substrate, transportation of sugar through fast and deregulated pathways, ability to tolerate inhibitory compounds and end products, and increased metabolic fluxes to produce an improved fermentation product. Engineering microbes might be a great approach to produce biofuel from lignocellulosic biomass by exploiting metabolic pathways economically. Metabolic engineering is an advanced technology for the construction of highly effective microbial cell factories and a key component for the next-generation bioeconomy. It has been extensively used to redirect the biosynthetic pathway to produce desired products in several native or engineered hosts. A wide range of novel compounds has been manufactured through engineering metabolic pathways or endogenous metabolism optimizations by metabolic engineers. This review is focused on the potential utilization of engineered strains to produce biofuel and gives prospects for improvement in metabolic engineering for new strain development using advanced technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mobolaji Felicia Adegboye
- Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, Private Bag X2046, 2735, South Africa
| | - Omena Bernard Ojuederie
- Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, Private Bag X2046, 2735, South Africa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kings University, Ode-Omu, PMB 555, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Paola M Talia
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA CICVyA, CNIA, INTA Castelar, Dr. N. Repetto y Los Reseros s/n, (1686) Hurlingham, 1686) Hurlingham, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Olubukola Oluranti Babalola
- Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, Private Bag X2046, 2735, South Africa.
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Prospects for the Improvement of Bioethanol and Biohydrogen Production from Mixed Starch-Based Agricultural Wastes. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13246609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The need for fossil fuel alternatives keeps increasing. Bioethanol and biohydrogen have emerged as significant renewable options. However, these bioprocess routes have presented various challenges, which constantly impede commercialization. Most of these bottlenecks are hinged on feedstock logistics, low biofuel yield and enormous process costs. Meanwhile, a large output of renewable energy can be generated from mixed starch-based agricultural wastes due to their intrinsic bioenergy characteristics. This study, therefore, focuses on the production of bioethanol and biohydrogen from mixed starch-based agricultural wastes. The content further highlights the current challenges of their individual processes and elucidates the prospects for improvement, through an integrated biofuel approach. The use of mixed starch-based agricultural wastes as substrates for integrated bioethanol and biohydrogen production was proposed. Furthermore, the use of mixture-based experimental design for the determination of optimal values of critical factors influencing biofuel production emerges as a viable prospect for profitable bioethanol production from the starch-based biomass. Additionally, biohydrogen production from effluents of the mixed starch-based waste bioethanol looked promising. Thus, the study proposed valuable insights towards achieving a cost-effective biofuel technology.
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Economic, social and environmental impacts attained by the use of the effluents generated within a small-scale biorefinery concept. ACTA INNOVATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.32933/actainnovations.36.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biorefineries are emerging as the proper route to defeat climate change and other social, socio-economic and environmental concerns. So far, no residual lignocellulosic biomass-based biorefineries have been yet industrially implemented, mainly due to its economic viability. This article exposes some elements that may help overcome the bottlenecks associated to its social, economic and environmental sustainability: small-scale approaches, biomass valorisation through added-value products and near-zero effluent.
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Persson M, Galbe M, Wallberg O. A strategy for synergistic ethanol yield and improved production predictability through blending feedstocks. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2020; 13:156. [PMID: 32944072 PMCID: PMC7487856 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01791-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The integration of first- and second-generation bioethanol processes has the potential to accelerate the establishment of second-generation bioethanol on the market. Cofermenting pretreated wheat straw with a glucose-rich process stream, such as wheat grain hydrolysate, in a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process could address the technical issues faced during the biological conversion of lignocellulose to ethanol. For example, doing so can increase the final ethanol concentration in the broth and mitigate the effects of inhibitors formed during the pretreatment. Previous research has indicated that blends of first- and second-generation substrates during simultaneous saccharification and fermentation have synergistic effects on the final ethanol yield, an important parameter in the process economy. In this study, enzymatic hydrolysis and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation were examined using blends of pretreated wheat straw and saccharified wheat grain at various ratios. The aim of this study was to determine the underlying mechanisms of the synergy of blending with regard to the yield and volumetric productivity of ethanol. RESULTS Replacing 25% of the pretreated wheat straw with wheat grain hydrolysate during simultaneous saccharification and fermentation was sufficient to decrease the residence time needed to deplete soluble glucose from 96 to 24 h and shift the rate-limiting step from ethanol production to the rate of enzymatic hydrolysis. Further, a synergistic effect on ethanol yield was observed with blended substrates, coinciding with lower glycerol production. Also, blending substrates had no effect on the yield of enzymatic hydrolysis. CONCLUSIONS The effects of substrate blending on the volumetric productivity of ethanol were attributed to changes in the relative rates of cell growth and cell death due to alterations in the concentrations of substrate and pretreatment-derived inhibitors. The synergistic effect of substrate blending on ethanol yield was attributed in part to the decreased production of cell mass and glycerol. Thus, it is preferable to perform simultaneous saccharification and fermentation with substrate blends rather than pure substrates with regard to yield, productivity, and the robustness of the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Persson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Mats Galbe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ola Wallberg
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
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Assessment and evaluation of cellulase production using ragi (Eleusine coracana) husk as a substrate from thermo-acidophilic Aspergillus fumigatus JCM 10253. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 44:113-126. [PMID: 32851534 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02428-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The cellulase production by filamentous fungi Aspergillus fumigatus JCM 10253 was carried out using agro-industrial waste ragi husk as a substrate in the microbial fermentation. The effect of the process parameters such as temperature, substrate concentration, pH, and incubation process time and their interdependence was studied using response surface methodology. The optimum cellulase activities were obtained at 50 °C under the conditions with 1-2% of substrate concentration at pH 2-4 for the incubation period of 7-8 days. The maximum carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) and β-glucosidase activities with optimized process variables were 95.2 IU/mL and 0.174 IU/mL, respectively. The morphological characterization of fungus by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed the presence of secondary protein structures. Furthermore, this study demonstrated that the application of ragi husk could be a promising feedstock for value-added industrial products. The thermo-acidophilic nature of isolated strain Aspergillus fumigatus JCM 10253 possessed a significant potential for higher titer of cellulase production that could be further employed for lignocellulosic bioethanol production.
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Techno-Economic Evaluation of Biorefineries Based on Low-Value Feedstocks Using the BioSTEAM Software: A Case Study for Animal Bedding. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8080904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofuels are still too costly to compete in the energy market and it has been suggested that low-value feedstocks could provide an opportunity for the production of low-cost biofuels; however, the lower quality of these feedstocks requires the introduction of a conditioning step in the biorefinery process. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether feedstock savings cover the cost of conditioning in the case of animal bedding. The BioSTEAM software was used to simulate a wheat straw biorefinery and an animal bedding biorefinery, whose economic performance was compared. The wheat straw biorefinery could deliver ethanol at a minimum selling price of USD 0.61 per liter, which is similar to prices in the literature. The cost of producing ethanol in the animal bedding biorefinery without water recycling was almost 40% higher, increasing the minimum selling price to USD 1.1 per liter of ethanol. After introducing water recycling in the conditioning step, the animal bedding biorefinery could deliver ethanol at a minimum selling price of USD 0.38 per liter, which is 40% lower than in the case of the wheat straw biorefinery. This demonstrates that low-value feedstocks can be used to reduce the biofuel price, as feedstock savings easily cover the additional conditioning cost.
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Yu Z, Thompson Z, Behnke SL, Fenk KD, Huang D, Shafaat HS, Cowan JA. Metalloglycosidase Mimics: Oxidative Cleavage of Saccharides Promoted by Multinuclear Copper Complexes under Physiological Conditions. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:11218-11222. [PMID: 32799467 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Degradation of saccharides is relevant to the design of catalytic therapeutics, the production of biofuels, inhibition of biofilms, as well as other applications in chemical biology. Herein, we report the design of multinuclear Cu complexes that enable cleavage of saccharides under physiological conditions. Reactivity studies with para-nitrophenyl (pNP)-conjugated carbohydrates show that dinuclear Cu complexes exhibit a synergistic effect and promote faster and more robust cleavage of saccharide substrates, relative to the mononuclear Cu complex, while no further enhancement is observed for the tetranuclear Cu complex. The use of scavengers for reactive oxygen species confirms that saccharide cleavage is promoted by the formation of superoxide and hydroxyl radicals through CuII/I redox chemistry, similar to that observed for native copper-containing lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LMPOs). Differences in selectivity for di- and tetranuclear Cu complexes are modest. However, these are the first reported small multinuclear Cu complexes that show selectivity and reactivity against mono- and disaccharide substrates and form a basis for further development of metalloglycosidases for applications in chemical biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Zechariah Thompson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Shelby L Behnke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Kevin D Fenk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Derrick Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Hannah S Shafaat
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - J A Cowan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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44
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Yu BY, Tsai CC. Rigorous simulation and techno-economic analysis of a bio-jet-fuel intermediate production process with various integration strategies. Chem Eng Res Des 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2020.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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45
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Biomass Availability in Europe as an Alternative Fuel for Full Conversion of Lignite Power Plants: A Critical Review. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13133390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Biomass has been demonstrated as a capable source of energy to fulfill the increasing demand for clean energy sources which could last a long time. Replacing fossil fuels with biomass-based ones can potentially lead to a reduction of carbon emissions, which is the main target of the EU climate strategy. Based on RED II (revised Renewable Energy Directive 2018/2001/EU) and the European Green Deal, biomass is a promising energy source for achieving carbon neutrality in the future. However, the sustainable potential of biomass resources in the forthcoming decades is still a matter of question. This review aims at estimating the availability of biomass for energy reasons in the EU, and to evaluate its potential to meet the coal power plant capacity of the main lignite-producer countries, including Germany, Poland and Greece. Plants in line with the sustainability criteria of RED II have been selected for the preliminary estimations concerning their full conversion to the biomass power concept. Furthermore, the various barriers to biomass utilization are highlighted, such as the stranded asset risk of a future coal phase-out scenario, biomass supply chain challenges, biomass availability in main lignite-producer EU countries, the existing full conversion technologies, and biomass cost. A variety of challenges in the scenario of lignite substitution with biomass in a plant are investigated in a SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis. Technological risks and issues should be tackled in order to achieve the coal phase-out EU goal, mainly with regard to the supply chain of biomass. In this direction, the development of logistics centers for the centralized handling of biomass is strongly recommended.
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46
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Dadwal A, Sharma S, Satyanarayana T. Progress in Ameliorating Beneficial Characteristics of Microbial Cellulases by Genetic Engineering Approaches for Cellulose Saccharification. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1387. [PMID: 32670240 PMCID: PMC7327088 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass is a renewable and sustainable energy source. Cellulases are the enzymes that cleave β-1, 4-glycosidic linkages in cellulose to liberate sugars that can be fermented to ethanol, butanol, and other products. Low enzyme activity and yield, and thermostability are, however, some of the limitations posing hurdles in saccharification of lignocellulosic residues. Recent advancements in synthetic and systems biology have generated immense interest in metabolic and genetic engineering that has led to the development of sustainable technology for saccharification of lignocellulosics in the last couple of decades. There have been several attempts in applying genetic engineering in the production of a repertoire of cellulases at a low cost with a high biomass saccharification. A diverse range of cellulases are produced by different microbes, some of which are being engineered to evolve robust cellulases. This review summarizes various successful genetic engineering strategies employed for improving cellulase kinetics and cellulolytic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anica Dadwal
- Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, New Delhi, India
| | - Shilpa Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, New Delhi, India
| | - Tulasi Satyanarayana
- Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, New Delhi, India
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47
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Millati R, Wikandari R, Ariyanto T, Putri RU, Taherzadeh MJ. Pretreatment technologies for anaerobic digestion of lignocelluloses and toxic feedstocks. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 304:122998. [PMID: 32107151 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.122998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Several feedstocks for anaerobic digestion (AD) have challenges that hamper the success of AD with their low accessible surface area, biomass recalcitrance, and the presence of natural inhibitors. This paper presents different types of pretreatment to address those individual challenges and how they contribute to facilitate AD. Organosolv and ionic liquid pretreatments are effective to remove lignin without a significant defect on lignin structures. To deal with accessible surface area and crystallinity, comminution, steam explosion, pretreatment using N-methyl-morpholine-N-oxide methods are suggested. Moreover, solid extraction, simple aeration, and biological treatments are capable in removing natural inhibitors. Up to date, methods like comminution, thermal process, and grinding are more preferable to be scaled-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ria Millati
- Department of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
| | - Rachma Wikandari
- Department of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Teguh Ariyanto
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Rininta Utami Putri
- Department of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
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Dessie W, Luo X, Wang M, Feng L, Liao Y, Wang Z, Yong Z, Qin Z. Current advances on waste biomass transformation into value-added products. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:4757-4770. [PMID: 32291487 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10567-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ceaseless growth in human population led to high demand in everything. Currently, the world largely depends on petroleum-based "all material synthesis" scheme. On the other hand, depletion of fossil-based resources and their huge impact on environmental pollution have forced us to search for sustainable and eco-friendly alternative resources. In this context, the notion to utilize waste biomass could possibly provide environmental and economic benefits. This study was carefully designed to critically review state of the art in the transformation of waste biomass into value-added products. Even though extensive reviews on biomass utilization have been published in the past few years, the current study basically focused on new trends and prospective in this area. Here, global biomass potential, research developments and practices, novel biomass transformation approaches, and future perspectives were broadly discussed. More importantly, in addition to revising published researches, already implemented and ongoing large-scale projects on valorization of waste biomass have been assessed. Therefore, this study is believed to give crucial information on the current status and future direction of waste biomass utilization so as to accomplish the quest towards green economy.Key Points • Huge biomass potential and dramatically increase in R&D trends on waste biomass.• Selection of appropriate waste biomass valorization techniques. • Development of efficient and feasible waste biomass transformation technology. • Coproduction of low-value, high-volume and high-value, low volume products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wubliker Dessie
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Biomass Resources, Yongzhou, 425199, China.,Research Center of Biochemical Engineering Technology, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou, 425199, China.,Ethiopian Biotechnology Institute, P.o.Box 5954, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Xiaofang Luo
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Biomass Resources, Yongzhou, 425199, China.,Research Center of Biochemical Engineering Technology, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou, 425199, China
| | - Meifeng Wang
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Biomass Resources, Yongzhou, 425199, China.,Research Center of Biochemical Engineering Technology, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou, 425199, China
| | - Luya Feng
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Biomass Resources, Yongzhou, 425199, China.,Research Center of Biochemical Engineering Technology, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou, 425199, China
| | - Yunhui Liao
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Biomass Resources, Yongzhou, 425199, China.,Research Center of Biochemical Engineering Technology, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou, 425199, China
| | - Zongcheng Wang
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Biomass Resources, Yongzhou, 425199, China.,Research Center of Biochemical Engineering Technology, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou, 425199, China
| | - Zhang Yong
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Biomass Resources, Yongzhou, 425199, China.,Research Center of Biochemical Engineering Technology, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou, 425199, China
| | - Zuodong Qin
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Biomass Resources, Yongzhou, 425199, China. .,Research Center of Biochemical Engineering Technology, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou, 425199, China.
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49
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Rebello S, Anoopkumar AN, Aneesh EM, Sindhu R, Binod P, Pandey A. Sustainability and life cycle assessments of lignocellulosic and algal pretreatments. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 301:122678. [PMID: 31982298 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bioenergy and Bioproducts have gained augmented relevance in the wake of depleting fossil fuels and escalating environmental problems induced by anthropogenic activities. The paper outlays the various applications of biomass and their significance in various processes. The prospects of lignocelluloses and algal raw materials to biofuel production are well established; however the life cycle analysis of every bioprocess becomes essential for its technical feasibility. The paper mainly targets the life cycle analysis of various pretreatment strategies adopted in the generation of biofuels. Biomass pretreatment- accounts to a major cost contributory factor in the entire production process and thus the identification of alternate cost effective strategies is of much significance. The LCA analysis identifies biofuel superior to petroleum chemicals based on its environmental effects, however better results are expected to be achieved by depending on methods using solar based energy sources for limiting fossil fuels even in processes of biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharrel Rebello
- Communicable Disease Research Laboratory, St Joseph's College, Irinjalakuda, Kerala, India.
| | - A N Anoopkumar
- Communicable Disease Research Laboratory, St Joseph's College, Irinjalakuda, Kerala, India; Department of Zoology, Christ College, Irinjalakuda, University of Calicut, Kerala, India
| | | | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum 695 019, India
| | - Parameswaran Binod
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum 695 019, India
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Centre for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), 31 MG Marg, Lucknow 226 001, India
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50
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Lee H, Jae J, Lee HW, Park S, Jeong J, Lam SS, Park YK. Production of bio-oil with reduced polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons via continuous pyrolysis of biobutanol process derived waste lignin. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 384:121231. [PMID: 31577973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The fast pyrolysis of waste lignin derived from biobutanol production process was performed to determine the optimal pyrolysis conditions and pyrolysis product properties. Four types of pyrolysis reactors, e.g.: micro-scale pyrolyzer-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, lab and bench scale fixed bed (FB) reactors, and bench scale rotary kiln (RK) reactor, were employed to compare the pyrolysis reaction conditions and product properties obtained from different reactors. The yields of char, oil, and gas obtained from lab scale and bench scale reactor were almost similar compared to FB reactor. RK reactor produced desirable bio-oil with much reduced yield of poly aromatic hydrocarbons (cancer precursor) due to its higher cracking reaction efficiency. In addition, char agglomeration and foaming of lignin pyrolysis were greatly restricted by using RK reactor compared to the FB reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heejin Lee
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungho Jae
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Won Lee
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Seyoung Park
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehun Jeong
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Pyrolysis Technology Research Group, Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries Research, Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology and Informatics, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Young-Kwon Park
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea.
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