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Mirgaloybayat S, Akbari Sene A, Jayervand F, Vazirian M, Mohazzab A, Kazerooni M. Comparison of the Effect of Fenugreek and Metformin on Clinical and Metabolic Status of Cases with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Randomized Trial. J Reprod Infertil 2024; 25:120-132. [PMID: 39157801 PMCID: PMC11327428 DOI: 10.18502/jri.v25i2.16040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background It is hypothesized that fenugreek seeds are a rich source of fiber with anti-diabetic effects, which can help to lower blood glucose in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In this study, the clinical and metabolic effects of fenugreek were compared to those of metformin in women with PCOS aged 16-40 years. Methods In a randomized, triple-blind, parallel clinical trial, the efficacy of fenugreek 333 mg (n=55) was compared with metformin 500 mg (n=55), both administered three times a day in women with PCOS of reproductive age. Changes in some clinical outcomes and metabolic laboratory profile outcomes were evaluated at baseline and two months after the study. Results By the end of the intervention period, all investigated factors improved significantly in patients of both groups (p<0.05). Reduction in biometric indices (body mass index and waist-hip ratio), fasting blood sugar (FBS), and insulin resistance was significantly higher after metformin consumption (p<0.001). Metformin also significantly improved irregular menstruation (p=0.02). In contrast, fenugreek significantly improved patients' lipid profiles, including low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and triglyceride (TG) compared to metformin (p<0.001). Both interventions improved the patient's hair loss and hirsutism. Conclusion Fenugreek cannot substitute metformin in PCOS treatment. However, regarding its lipid-lowering ability and low frequency of adverse effects, it can be used as an adjuvant treatment in PCOS, especially in PCOS patients with hyper-lipidemia and severe hair loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahla Mirgaloybayat
- Endometriosis Research Center, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Akbari Sene
- Shahid Akbarabadi Clinical Research Development Unit (ShACRDU), School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Jayervand
- Shahid Akbarabadi Clinical Research Development Unit (ShACRDU), School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Vazirian
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Mohazzab
- Epidemiology Department, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Kazerooni
- Shahid Akbarabadi Clinical Research Development Unit (ShACRDU), School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Alu'datt MH, Rababah T, Al-Ali S, Tranchant CC, Gammoh S, Alrosan M, Kubow S, Tan TC, Ghatasheh S. Current perspectives on fenugreek bioactive compounds and their potential impact on human health: A review of recent insights into functional foods and other high value applications. J Food Sci 2024; 89:1835-1864. [PMID: 38407443 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Despite long-standing uses in several food and medicine traditions, the full potential of the leguminous crop fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) remains to be realized in the modern diet. Not only its seeds, which are highly prized for their culinary and medicinal properties, but also its leaves and stems abound in phytochemicals with high nutritional and health promoting attributes. Fenugreek dual food-medicine applications and reported metabolic activities include hypoglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antiatherogenic, antihypertensive, anticarcinogenic, immunomodulatory, and antinociceptive effects, with potential organ-protective effects at the cardiovascular, digestive, hepatic, endocrine, and central nervous system levels. Effectiveness in alleviating certain inflammatory skin conditions and dysfunctions of the reproductive system was also suggested. As a food ingredient, fenugreek can enhance the sensory, nutritional, and nutraceutical qualities of a wide variety of foods. Its high nutritive density can assist with the design of dietary items that meet the demand for novelty, variety, and healthier foods. Its seeds provide essential protective nutrients and other bioactive compounds, notably galactomannans, flavonoids, coumarins, saponins, alkaloids, and essential oils, whose health benefits, alone or in conjunction with other bioactives, are only beginning to be tapped into in the food industries. This review summarizes the current state of evidence on fenugreek potential for functional food development, focusing on the nutrients and non-nutrient bioactive components of interest from a dietary perspective, and their applications for enhancing the functional and nutraceutical value of foods and beverages. New developments, safety, clinical evidence, presumed mechanisms of action, and future perspectives are discussed. HIGHLIGHTS: Fenugreek seeds and leaves have long-standing uses in the food-medicine continuum. Fenugreek phytochemicals exert broad-spectrum biological and pharmacological activities. They show high preventive and nutraceutical potential against common chronic diseases. Current evidence supports multiple mechanisms of action mediated by distinct bioactives. Opportunities for fenugreek-based functional foods and nutraceuticals are expanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad H Alu'datt
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Life Sciences, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Taha Rababah
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Saleh Al-Ali
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Life Sciences, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Carole C Tranchant
- School of Food Science, Nutrition and Family Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences and Community Services, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Sana Gammoh
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Alrosan
- Food Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, George Town, Penang, Malaysia
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Stan Kubow
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Thuan-Chew Tan
- Food Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, George Town, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Salsabeel Ghatasheh
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Isenmann E, Alisauskas P, Flenker U, Schalla J, Diel P. The Anabolic Effect of Fenugreek: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis. Int J Sports Med 2023; 44:692-703. [PMID: 37253363 DOI: 10.1055/a-2048-5925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The use of plant steroids to improve physical health and performance is becoming increasingly popular. One of these plant steroids is diosgenin, which is mainly available in fenugreek. As a result, some studies have been conducted to improve physical health. Fenugreek extracts are also becoming increasingly popular in the context of athletic performance. Based on these assumptions, a systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the promoting effects of fenugreek on strength performance, body composition, and hormone concentration. Four databases were screened according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The current version of ReviewManager (RevMan) was used for the statistical evaluation. Seven studies with 449 participants (378 male, 71 female) met the inclusion criteria. A small effect of fenugreek was detected for total testosterone (standard mean difference (SMD): 0.32; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.09 0.55), free testosterone (SMD: 0.24; 95% CI: -0.04, 0.52), lean body mass (SMD: 0.19; 95% CI: -0.10, 0.49), fat mass (SMD: -0.19; 95% CI: -0.44, 0.05), and leg press performance (SMD: 0.22; 95% CI: -0.02, 0.47), in male athletes. The meta-analysis shows that chronic application of fenugreek has performance-enhancing and anabolic effects in male athletes, but no statements can be made for female athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Isenmann
- Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Fitness and Health, IST University of Applied Science, Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Pijus Alisauskas
- Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ulrich Flenker
- Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan Schalla
- Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Patrick Diel
- Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Hegazi OE, Alalalmeh SO, Alnuaimi GRH, Shahwan M, Jairoun AA, Alorfi NM, Majrashi SA, Alkhanani MF, Alkhattabi A, Alourfi MM, Alsolami FA, Alsharif S, Alshahrani H. NAFLD and nutraceuticals: a review of completed phase III and IV clinical trials. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1227046. [PMID: 37601777 PMCID: PMC10433184 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1227046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) has become a significant public health concern, affecting approximately one-fourth of the population. Despite its prevalence, no FDA-approved drug treatments specifically target NAFLD. Aim To provide a review of clinical trials investigating the use of herbal remedies and dietary supplements in NAFLD management, utilizing the ClinicalTrials.gov database. Methods This review evaluates the current evidence by examining completed phase III and IV clinical trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. An exhaustive search was performed on April 17, 2023, using the terms "Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease" and "NAFLD." Two independent reviewers appraised eligible trials based on pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results An initial search yielded 1,226 clinical trials, with 12 meeting the inclusion criteria after filtration. The majority of trials focused on Omega-3 fatty acids (20.0%) and vitamin D (26.7%), followed by caffeine, chlorogenic acid, ginger, phosphatidylcholine, Trigonella Foenum-graecum seed extract, vitamin C, and vitamin E (each 6.7%). Most studies were Phase 3 (75.0%) and used a parallel assignment model (91.7%). Quadruple masking was the most prevalent technique (58.3%), and Iran was the leading country in terms of trial locations (25.0%). These interventions constitute two herbal interventions and nine supplement interventions. Conclusion This reveals a diverse range of nutraceuticals, with Omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin D being predominant in the management of NAFLD. The global distribution of trials highlights the widespread interest in these therapeutics. However, more rigorous, large-scale trials are needed to establish safety, efficacy, and optimal dosages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar E. Hegazi
- Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Samer O. Alalalmeh
- Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ghala Rashid Humaid Alnuaimi
- Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Moyad Shahwan
- Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ammar Abdulrahman Jairoun
- Health and Safety Department, Dubai Municipality, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia (USM), Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Nasser M. Alorfi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaker A. Majrashi
- Department of Laparoscopic Surgery, King Fahad Hospital, Ministry of Health, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustfa Faisal Alkhanani
- Biology Department, College of Sciences, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mansour M. Alourfi
- Department of Gastroenterology, East Jeddah Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Internal Medicine Department, King Faisal Medical City for Southern Region, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faris A. Alsolami
- Khulais General Hospital, Makkah cluster, Ministry of Health, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Alsharif
- Gastroenterology Department, Armed force hospital of Southern region, Khamis Mushait, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatim Alshahrani
- Internal medicine Department, Khamis Mushait General hospital, Khamis Mushait, Saudi Arabia
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Nagamma T, Konuri A, Bhat KMR, Udupa PEG, Nayak Y. Trigonella foenum-graecum L. seed extract modulates biochemical and histomorphological changes in therapeutic model of high-fat diet-fed ovariectomized rats. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:285. [PMID: 37520342 PMCID: PMC10382425 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03707-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the therapeutic effect of petroleum ether fraction of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (PE-TFG) seed extract in ovariectomized rats fed with high-fat diet. Rats were randomly grouped into sham ovariectomy (S.OVX), ovariectomy + high-fat diet (OVX + HFD), and treatment groups. The blood samples were collected, and lipid profile, glucose, hepatic markers, and inflammatory markers were estimated. Liver, kidney, and common carotid artery were isolated for histopathological observations. Liver samples were tested for antioxidant, oxidative stress markers, mRNA expression of adiponectin, and PPAR-γ. PE-TFG treatment significantly decreased total cholesterol (18%), LDL (20%), hepatic markers (28%), leptin (17%), TNF-α (21%), and increased mRNA expression of adiponectin and PPAR-γ. There was also micro- and macro-hepatic steatosis, inflammation in the liver, deteriorated tubules in the kidney, and increased tunica intima and media thickness of the common carotid artery. These pathological alterations were reversed with PE-TFG administration. This impact might be linked to phytoestrogens and other components in PE-TFG such as diosgenin, phenols, and flavonoids. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03707-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takkella Nagamma
- Department of Biochemistry, Manipal TATA Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Anjaneyulu Konuri
- Department of Anatomy, Manipal TATA Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Kumar M. R. Bhat
- Department of Anatomy, Ras Al Khaimah College of Medical Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Science University, Ras Al Khaimah, UAE
| | - Padmanabha E. G. Udupa
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Yogendra Nayak
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
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Noureen A, De Marco G, Rehman N, Jabeen F, Cappello T. Ameliorative Hematological and Histomorphological Effects of Dietary Trigonella foenum-graecum Seeds in Common Carp ( Cyprinus carpio) Exposed to Copper Oxide Nanoparticles. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13462. [PMID: 36294038 PMCID: PMC9603639 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Different types of metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) are being used for wastewater treatment worldwide but concerns have been raised regarding their potential toxicities, especially toward non-targeted aquatic organisms including fishes. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of copper oxide (CuO) NPs (1.5 mg/L; positive control group) in a total of 130 common carp (Cyprinus carpio), as well as the potential ameliorative effects of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) seed extracts (100 mg/L as G-1 group, 125 mg/L as G-2 group, and 150 mg/L as G-3 group) administered to fish for 28 days. Significant changes were observed in the morphometric parameters: the body weight and length of the CuO-NP-treated fish respectively decreased from 45.28 ± 0.34 g and 14.40 ± 0.56 cm at day one to 43.75 ± 0.41 g and 13.57 ± 0.67 cm at day 28. Conversely, fish treated with T. foenum-graecum seed extract showed significant improvements in body weight and length. After exposure to CuO NPs, a significant accumulation of Cu was recorded in the gills, livers, and kidneys (1.18 ± 0.006 µg/kg ww, 1.38 ± 0.006 µg/kg ww, and 0.05 ± 0.006 µg/kg ww, respectively) of the exposed common carp, and significant alterations in fish hematological parameters and oxidative stress biomarkers (lipid peroxidation (LPO), glutathione (GSH), and catalase (CAT)) were also observed. However, supplementing diets with fenugreek extracts modulated the blood parameters and the oxidative stress enzymes. Similarly, histological observations revealed that sub-lethal exposure to CuO NPs caused severe histomorphological changes in fish gills (i.e., degenerative epithelium, fused lamellae, necrotic lamellae, necrosis of primary lamellae, complete degeneration, and complete lamellar fusion), liver (i.e., degenerative hepatocytes, vacuolization, damaged central vein, dilated sinusoid, vacuolated degeneration, and complete degeneration), and kidney (i.e., necrosis and tubular degeneration, abnormal glomerulus, swollen tubules, and complete degeneration), while the treatment with the fenugreek extract significantly decreased tissue damage in a dose-dependent manner by lowering the accumulation of Cu in the selected fish tissues. Overall, this work demonstrated the ameliorative effects of dietary supplementation with T. foenum-graecum seed extract against the toxicity of NPs in aquatic organisms. The findings of this study therefore provided evidence of the promising nutraceutical value of fenugreek and enhanced its applicative potential in the sector of fish aquaculture, as it was shown to improve the growth performance and wellness of organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aasma Noureen
- Department of Zoology, Government College Women University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
- Department of Biology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Giuseppe De Marco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Nagina Rehman
- Department of Zoology, Government College Women University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Farhat Jabeen
- Department of Zoology, Government College Women University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Tiziana Cappello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
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Termkwancharoen C, Malakul W, Phetrungnapha A, Tunsophon S. Naringin Ameliorates Skeletal Muscle Atrophy and Improves Insulin Resistance in High-Fat-Diet-Induced Insulin Resistance in Obese Rats. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194120. [PMID: 36235772 PMCID: PMC9571698 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity causes progressive lipid accumulation and insulin resistance within muscle cells and affects skeletal muscle fibres and muscle mass that demonstrates atrophy and dysfunction. This study investigated the effects of naringin on the metabolic processes of skeletal muscle in obese rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups: the control group with normal diet and the obese groups, which were induced with a high-fat diet (HFD) for the first 4 weeks and then treated with 40 mg/kg of simvastatin and 50 and 100 mg/kg of naringin from week 4 to 8. The naringin-treated group showed reduced body weight, biochemical parameters, and the mRNA expressions of protein degradation. Moreover, increased levels of antioxidant enzymes, glycogen, glucose uptake, the expression of the insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1), the glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4), and the mRNA expressions of protein synthesis led to improved muscle mass in the naringin-treated groups. The in vitro part showed the inhibitory effects of naringin on digestive enzymes related to lipid and glucose homeostasis. This study demonstrates the potential benefits of naringin as a supplement for treating muscle abnormalities in obese rats by modulating the antioxidative status, regulating protein metabolism, and improved insulin resistance in skeletal muscle of HFD-induced insulin resistance in obese rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chutimon Termkwancharoen
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Wachirawadee Malakul
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Amnat Phetrungnapha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Sakara Tunsophon
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-55-964655
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Allam EA, Ibrahim HF, Abdulmalek SA, Abdelmeniem IM, Basta M. Coenzyme Q 10 alleviates testicular endocrine and spermatogenic dysfunction induced by high-fat diet in male Wistar rats: Role of adipokines, oxidative stress and MAPK/ERK/JNK pathway. Andrologia 2022; 54:e14544. [PMID: 35899326 DOI: 10.1111/and.14544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study investigated the possible protective effects of Coenzyme Q10 (Co Q10 ) on rat model of high-fat diet (HFD) induced testicular dysfunction. Thirty male Wistar rats were allocated randomly into three groups: control, HFD, HFD + Co Q10 (75 mg/kg/day) groups. Animals were sacrificed after 3 months and epididymal sperm suspension, blood, and testes were collected for further analysis. In comparison to the untreated HFD group, the Co Q10 treated group revealed significantly increased serum testosterone, adiponectin levels, and decreased LH, FSH, and leptin levels. In addition, HFD resulted in significant increase in testicular oxidative stress (increased MDA, iNOS, NO, XO & decreased catalase, SOD, GSH) and inflammation (increased pJNK/JNK, pERK/ERK, and p-p38MAPK/MAPK), while Co Q10 was effective to ameliorate these changes. In addition, Co Q10 significantly increased sperm count, motility and viability that were markedly deteriorated by HFD. Regarding testicular ultrastructure, seminiferous tubular diameter and epithelium height were reduced in HFD group and Co Q10 significantly improved these testicular changes. Finally, a significant reduction in spermatogenic cell proliferation was detected by PCNA fluorescent expression and Co Q10 significantly reversed this change. In summary, our results indicated that Co Q10 could suppress testicular dysfunction produced by HFD. This protective effect could be attributed to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory properties and to its effect on adipokines and spermatogenic cell proliferation. So, Co Q10 may be a promising food supplement to protect against testicular dysfunction induced by HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman A Allam
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Heba F Ibrahim
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Shaymaa A Abdulmalek
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Iman M Abdelmeniem
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Marianne Basta
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Navarro del Hierro J, Cantero-Bahillo E, Fernández-Felipe MT, Martin D. Microwave-Assisted Acid Hydrolysis vs. Conventional Hydrolysis to Produce Sapogenin-Rich Products from Fenugreek Extracts. Foods 2022; 11:foods11131934. [PMID: 35804750 PMCID: PMC9266256 DOI: 10.3390/foods11131934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The acid hydrolysis of saponins is commonly performed by conventional heating to produce sapogenin-rich products of bioactive interest, but alternative hydrolysis methods and their impact on bioactivity have been unexplored. We compared the conventional method with microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis (MAAH) of a commercial saponin-rich extract from a typical saponin source, fenugreek, focusing on the study of temperature (100, 120, 130, 140, 150 °C) and time (10, 20, 30, 40 min) of hydrolysis. The impact of these factors was assayed on both the sapogenin yield and the bioactivity of the hydrolyzed products, specifically their antioxidant and lipase inhibitory activities. The highest sapogenin content (34 g/100 g extract) was achieved by MAAH at 140 °C and 30 min, which was higher than conventional hydrolysis at both reference conditions (100 °C, 60 min, 24.6 g/100 g extract) and comparative conditions (140 °C, 30 min, 17 g/100 g extract) (p < 0.001). Typical steroid artifacts from sapogenins were observed in very small amounts, regardless of the method of hydrolysis. Antioxidant activity of MAAH hydrolyzed extracts (around 80% DPPH inhibition) was barely affected by time and temperature, but pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity was higher (>65%) at lower MAAH temperature (<130 °C) and time (<30 min) of hydrolysis. MAAH is shown as a valid alternative to produce selective sapogenin-rich extracts from fenugreek with minor impact on their bioactivities, and whose magnitude can be modulated by the hydrolysis conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquin Navarro del Hierro
- Departamento de Producción y Caracterización de Nuevos Alimentos, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (CSIC–UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (J.N.d.H.); (E.C.-B.); (M.T.F.-F.)
- Sección Departamental de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Emma Cantero-Bahillo
- Departamento de Producción y Caracterización de Nuevos Alimentos, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (CSIC–UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (J.N.d.H.); (E.C.-B.); (M.T.F.-F.)
- Sección Departamental de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Teresa Fernández-Felipe
- Departamento de Producción y Caracterización de Nuevos Alimentos, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (CSIC–UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (J.N.d.H.); (E.C.-B.); (M.T.F.-F.)
- Sección Departamental de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Diana Martin
- Departamento de Producción y Caracterización de Nuevos Alimentos, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (CSIC–UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (J.N.d.H.); (E.C.-B.); (M.T.F.-F.)
- Sección Departamental de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-91-001-7930
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10
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Asuquo EA, Nwodo OFC, Assumpta AC, Orizu UN, Oziamara ON, Solomon OA. FTO gene expression in diet-induced obesity is downregulated by Solanum fruit supplementation. Open Life Sci 2022; 17:641-658. [PMID: 35800074 PMCID: PMC9202533 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Fat Mass and Obesity-associated (FTO) gene has been shown to play an important role in developing obesity, manifesting in traits such as increased body mass index, increased waist-to-hip ratio, and the distribution of adipose tissues, which increases the susceptibility to various metabolic syndromes. In this study, we evaluated the impact of fruit-based diets of Solanum melongena (SMF) and Solanum aethiopicum fruits (SAF) on the FTO gene expression levels in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese animals. Our results showed that the mRNA level of the FTO gene was downregulated in the hypothalamus, and white and brown adipose tissue following three and six weeks of treatment with SMF- and SAF-based diets in the HFD-induced obese animals. Additionally, the Solanum fruit supplementation exhibited a curative effect on obesity-associated abrasions on the white adipose tissue (WAT), hypothalamus, and liver. Our findings collectively suggest the anti-obesity potential of SMF and SAF via the downregulation of the FTO gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edeke Affiong Asuquo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, 410001, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | | | - Anosike Chioma Assumpta
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, 410001, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Uchendu Nene Orizu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, 410001, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Okoro Nkwachukwu Oziamara
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, 410001, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Odiba Arome Solomon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, 410001, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, 410001, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
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11
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Visuvanathan T, Than LTL, Stanslas J, Chew SY, Vellasamy S. Revisiting Trigonella foenum-graecum L.: Pharmacology and Therapeutic Potentialities. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11111450. [PMID: 35684222 PMCID: PMC9182856 DOI: 10.3390/plants11111450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) is a medicinal plant that has been used as a food condiment as well as for its multiple therapeutic characteristics since ancient times. Fenugreek plant grows up to 60 cm in height, and its seeds are golden-yellow rhomboidal-shaped. Though fenugreek is more commonly known for its seeds, the leaves and stem have also been reported to have medicinal uses. These properties exhibited are due to the content of the secondary metabolites, also known as phytochemicals, in the fenugreek plant. Such metabolites are alkaloids, saponins, tannins, phenols, and many others. Fenugreek has been used traditionally for numerous indications, such as aid in labour, lactation stimulant, and laxatives. In modern research, there have been several animal and clinical studies that have shown therapeutic effects of fenugreek when taken orally. Fenugreek is a suitable plant candidate with a high prospect of being used as a credible medicinal plant to derive new drugs. This review aims to summarize the physical and chemical properties of fenugreek and its bioactive compounds that have been isolated for medicinal purposes and discusses the traditional and pharmacological uses of fenugreek.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theysshana Visuvanathan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (T.V.); (L.T.L.T.); (S.Y.C.)
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom 42610, Malaysia
| | - Leslie Thian Lung Than
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (T.V.); (L.T.L.T.); (S.Y.C.)
| | - Johnson Stanslas
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Shu Yih Chew
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (T.V.); (L.T.L.T.); (S.Y.C.)
| | - Shalini Vellasamy
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom 42610, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
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12
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Przeor M. Some Common Medicinal Plants with Antidiabetic Activity, Known and Available in Europe (A Mini-Review). Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15010065. [PMID: 35056122 PMCID: PMC8778315 DOI: 10.3390/ph15010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic disease that affected 9.3% of adults worldwide in 2019. Its co-occurrence is suspected to increase mortality from COVID-19. The treatment of diabetes is mainly based on the long-term use of pharmacological agents, often expensive and causing unpleasant side effects. There is an alarming increase in the number of pharmaceuticals taken in Europe. The aim of this paper is to concisely collect information concerning the few antidiabetic or hypoglycaemic raw plant materials that are present in the consciousness of Europeans and relatively easily accessible to them on the market and sometimes even grown on European plantations. The following raw materials are discussed in this mini-review: Morus alba L., Cinnamomum zeylanicum J.Presl, Trigonella foenum-graecum L., Phaseolus vulgaris L., Zingiber officinale Rosc., and Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer in terms of scientifically tested antidiabetic activity and the presence of characteristic biologically active compounds and their specific properties, including antioxidant properties. The characteristics of these raw materials are based on in vitro as well as in vivo studies: on animals and in clinical studies. In addition, for each plant, the possibility to use certain morphological elements in the light of EFSA legislation is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Przeor
- Department of Gastronomy Science and Functional Foods, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
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13
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The Role of Bioactive Compounds from Dietary Spices in the Management of Metabolic Syndrome: An Overview. Nutrients 2021; 14:nu14010175. [PMID: 35011050 PMCID: PMC8747161 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a combination of physiologically dysregulated parameters that can include elevated fasting blood glucose, high blood pressure, central obesity, increased triglyceride levels, insulin resistance, diabetes, elevated low density lipoprotein levels, and reduced high density lipoprotein levels in the blood. Effective clinical management of MetS is critical as it is strongly associated with long lasting and fatal complications in patients. Alongside standard care of lifestyle changes and medication, dietary supplements derived from herbal resources could be an alternative therapeutic strategy that is safe, efficient, culturally acceptable, and has few side effects. Of the dietary supplements, spicy foods have always been considered a great source of functional bioactive compounds. Herbal therapy is broadly used in many countries as a treatment or as a preventive measure in the management of MetS risk factors, including blood glucose, blood pressure, and blood lipid levels. Herein, an attempt is made to evaluate the recent studies in the management of MetS with herbal alternatives, and to explore the possibility of their use as therapeutic treatments or supplements.
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14
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Lycopene corrects metabolic syndrome and liver injury induced by high fat diet in obese rats through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111831. [PMID: 34237596 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global epidemic disease that is closely associated with various health problems as Diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular, and metabolic disorders. Lycopene (LYC), a red-colored carotenoid, has demonstrated various promising therapeutic effects. Hence, the potential of LYC was studied against high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and metabolic disturbances in rats. Animals fed on HFD and orally supplemented with LYC (25 and 50 mg/kg) or simvastatin (10 mg/kg) every day for 3 months. The results revealed that long-term consumption of HFD significantly increased weight gain, liver weight, cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), apolipoprotein-B (Apo-B), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c) levels, as well as decreasing the high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c) levels. Moreover, high blood glucose and insulin levels accompanied by low peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) were recorded in HFD group. Further, HFD rats displayed lower levels of antioxidant biomarkers (SOD, CAT, GPx, GR and GSH), in addition to higher levels of MDA, NO and inflammatory mediators (IL-1β, TNF-α, and MPO). Marked increases were observed in atherogenic index, lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase together with fibrosis markers (TGF-β1 and α-SMA) in rats fed on HFD. Comparing to model group, LYC was able to effectively reverse HFD-mediated alterations at dose dependent manner. Altogether, dietary supplementation of LYC successfully reversed HFD-induced alterations through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic properties. Hence, LYC displayed a therapeutic potential to manage obesity and its associated pathologies.
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15
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Nagamma T, Konuri A, Bhat KMR, Udupa P, Rao G, Nayak Y. Prophylactic effect of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. seed extract on inflammatory markers and histopathological changes in high-fat-fed ovariectomized rats. J Tradit Complement Med 2021; 12:131-140. [PMID: 35528469 PMCID: PMC9072820 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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16
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Thomas JV, Smina TP, Khanna A, Kunnumakkara AB, Maliakel B, Mohanan R, Krishnakumar IM. Influence of a low-dose supplementation of curcumagalactomannoside complex (CurQfen) in knee osteoarthritis: A randomized, open-labeled, active-controlled clinical trial. Phytother Res 2020; 35:1443-1455. [PMID: 33210408 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A 6-week, randomized, open-label, active-controlled clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the influence of a low-dose curcumagalactomannosides (CGM) (400 mg once daily) in OA subjects. The treatment was compared with a standard combination of 500 mg glucosamine hydrochloride (GLN) and 415 mg chondroitin sulphate (CHN), supplied as a single oral dose twice a day. Out of 84 subjects randomized, 72 subjects who have completed the study were evaluated for the safety and efficacy of the treatments at baseline and subsequent visits (day 28 and 42), by measuring walking performance, VAS, KPS, and WOMAC scores. CGM exhibited 47.02, 21.43, and 206% improvement in VAS, KPS, and walking performance, respectively, compared to the baseline. Similarly, there was 31.17, 32.93, 36.44, and 35% improvement in the pain, stiffness, physical function, and total WOMAC scores. CGM also caused a substantial reduction in the serum inflammatory marker levels. The results indicate that a short-term supplementation of a low dosage CGM exerted superior beneficial effects than a high-dosage CHN-GLN combination in alleviating the pain and symptoms of OA subjects. Further clinical trials of extended duration in a larger population is required to substantiate the efficacy of CGM in the long-term management of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jestin V Thomas
- Leads Clinical Research & Bio Services Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore, India
| | | | - Aman Khanna
- Aman Hospital and Research Center, Vadodara, India
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Balu Maliakel
- R&D Centre, Akay Natural Ingredients Pvt. Ltd., Cochin, India
| | - Ratheesh Mohanan
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Thomas College, Pala, Kottayam, India
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17
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Mohammad-Sadeghipour M, Afsharinasab M, Mohamadi M, Mahmoodi M, Falahati-Pour SK, Hajizadeh MR. The Effects of Hydro-Alcoholic Extract of Fenugreek Seeds on the Lipid Profile and Oxidative Stress in Fructose-Fed Rats. J Obes Metab Syndr 2020; 29:198-207. [PMID: 32883888 PMCID: PMC7539338 DOI: 10.7570/jomes19051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex clinical disorder that can lead to an increase in oxidative stress. Patients with this syndrome are at risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (fenugreek) plant has many therapeutic effects, including anti-diabetic and antioxidant. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of the hydro-alcoholic extract of fenugreek seeds (HEFS) on dyslipidemia and oxidative stress due to high-fructose diet-induced MetS. Methods In this experimental study, to induce MetS, animals received water containing 20% fructose for 8 weeks. After induction of MetS, 48 male Wistar rats (200?250 g) were randomized into six groups. HEFS was administered to animals at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg orally for 4 weeks. Animal blood samples were collected to measure biochemical and antioxidant parameters of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), catalase (CAT), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Results The findings showed that the serum levels of FPG, TC, LDL-C, TG, and MDA were significantly reduced in HEFS-exposed groups compared with the control group (P<0.05). Also, significant increases in HDL-C, GPX, CAT, and TAC levels (P<0.05) were observed. Conclusion Our results revealed that treatment with HEFS increases the levels of antioxidant enzymes, decreases FPG level, and at the same time, modifies the lipid profile in MetS. Therefore, HEFS may help to alleviate the risk of some chronic complications of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mohammad-Sadeghipour
- Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mehdi Afsharinasab
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Research, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Maryam Mohamadi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Research, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mahmoodi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Reza Hajizadeh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Research, Rafsanjan, Iran
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18
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Arya P, Bhandari U. Involvement of the toll-like receptors-2/nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway in atherosclerosis induced by high-fat diet and zymosan A in C57BL/6 mice. Indian J Pharmacol 2020; 52:203-209. [PMID: 32874003 PMCID: PMC7446673 DOI: 10.4103/ijp.ijp_567_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Accumulated evidence reported a link between the immune system, microbial infection, and the development of atherosclerosis. Excess intake of high-fat diet (HFD) increases blood lipid levels and induces inflammatory pathways whereas zymosan A (Zym), a microbial component, mediates inflammatory response through the stimulation of specific ligand of toll-like receptors (TLRs) of the immune system. The current research work was aimed to evaluate the mechanism behind atherosclerosis mediated by HFD and Zym in C57BL/6 mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The mice were orally fed with HFD for 30 days and Zym (80 mg/kg, single intraperitoneal injection on day 8th). On the 31st day, blood was withdrawn from overnight fasted mice by tail vein puncture and estimated for serum lipids and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Animals were sacrificed, and cardiac, liver, and aortic tissues were isolated for the estimation of cardiac TLR-2, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-ƙB); hepatic low-density lipoprotein receptors (LDLR); and base of aorta analyzed for histopathology. RESULTS: It was found that HFD and Zym administration increased arterial inflammation directly through modulation of the TLR-2/NF-ƙB pathway, thereby upregulate serum TNF-α, cardiac TLR-2, and NF-ƙB levels. Further, HFD and Zym treatment significantly increased serum lipid levels and marked decrease in LDLR protein expression in the liver when compared to normal control mice. Histopathological analysis showed the formation of atherosclerotic plaque. CONCLUSION: The study is first, to our current knowledge, to demonstrate the involvement of the TLR-2/NF-ƙB signaling pathway in atherosclerosis induced by HFD and Zym in C57BL/6 mice, resulting in increased degradation of LDLR protein, thereby, increasing the serum lipid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Arya
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed to be University), New Delhi, India
| | - Uma Bhandari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed to be University), New Delhi, India
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19
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Khanna A, Das SS, Smina TP, Thomas JV, Kunnumakkara AB, Maliakel B, Krishnakumar IM, Mohanan R. Curcumagalactomannoside/Glucosamine Combination Improved Joint Health Among Osteoarthritic Subjects as Compared to Chondroitin Sulfate/Glucosamine: Double-Blinded, Randomized Controlled Study. J Altern Complement Med 2020; 26:945-955. [PMID: 32678677 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2020.0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: A combination of curcumagalactomannosides (CGM) (400 mg) with glucosamine hydrochloride (GLN) (500 mg) was evaluated against a standard dietary supplement combination chondroitin sulfate (CHN) (415 mg)/GLN (500 mg) for their effectiveness in alleviating the pain and symptoms among osteoarthritic subjects. Design: Randomized, double-blinded and active-controlled study. Settings/Location: The study was conducted in a hospital-based research center in Vadodara, Gujarat, India. Subjects: Eighty subjects (38 males and 42 females), with confirmed osteoarthritis (OA) (Class I-III), were randomized into two parallel groups designated as Group I (CGM-GLN) and Group II (CHN-GLN). Interventions: All the study subjects were supplemented with their corresponding intervention capsules (ether CGM along with GLN or CHN along with GLN), as a single oral dose twice a day, once in the morning 10-15 min before breakfast and again in the evening before dinner, for 84 days. Outcome measures: A validated treadmill uphill walking protocol was used for the study, and the efficiency of supplementation was evaluated using visual analogue scale (VAS) score, Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) score, and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) questionnaire at the baseline, 28th, and 84th day following the treatment. Mechanism of action of CGM-GLN combination was analyzed by measuring the levels of serum inflammatory markers interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM) at the baseline and 84th day. Results: CGM-GLN was found to offer significant beneficial effects to pain, stiffness, and physical function of OA subjects compared with CHN-GLN, which was evident from the improvement in walking performance, VAS score, KPS score, and WOMAC score. The efficiency of CGM-GLN was almost double compared with the CHN-GLN by the end of the study (84th day). A significant reduction of inflammatory serum marker levels was observed among CGM-GLN subjects compared with CHN-GLN subjects. Compared with the baseline, CGM-GLN produced 54.52%, 59.08%, and 22.03% reduction in IL-1β, IL-6, and sVCAM levels, respectively. Whereas CHN-GLN group of subjects expressed only 23.17%, 21.38%, and 6.82% reduction in IL-1β, IL-6, and sVCAM levels, respectively. Conclusions: In conclusion, the present study demonstrated the potential benefits of CGM-GLN supplements in alleviating the symptoms and function of OA subjects compared with the standard CHN-GLN treatment. The augmented efficacy of CGM-GLN combination could be attributed to the enhanced anti-inflammatory effect of CGM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Khanna
- Aman Hospital and Research Center, Vadodara, India
| | | | | | - Jestin V Thomas
- Leads Clinical Research & Bio Services Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore, India
| | | | - Balu Maliakel
- R&D Centre, Akay Natural Ingredients Pvt. Ltd., Cochin, India
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Mohammad-Sadeghipour M, Mahmoodi M, Noroozi Karimabad M, Mirzaei MR, Hajizadeh MR. Diosgenin and 4-Hydroxyisoleucine from Fenugreek Are Regulators of Genes Involved in Lipid Metabolism in The Human Colorectal Cancer Cell Line SW480. CELL JOURNAL 2020; 22:514-522. [PMID: 32347045 PMCID: PMC7211281 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2021.6751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Objective Diosignin and 4-hydroxy-L-isulosine (4-OH-Ile) are the two active ingredients of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenumgraecum). Thus, in this study, we examined the effects of hydroalcoholic extract of fenugreek seeds (HEFS), diosgenin and 4-OH-Ile on the expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor (LDLR) which are involved in lipid metabolism in SW480 cell line. Materials and Methods In this experimental study, SW480 cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium and treated with HEFS, diosignin, 4-OH-Ile or orlistat for 24 and 48 hours. Inhibitory concentration of 20% (IC20) was calculated using MTT method and cells were then pre-treated with the IC20 concentrations for 24 and 48 hours before RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis. Changes in the expression of ACC, FAS, PPARγ and LDLR genes were assayed by employing the real time-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Results Our results showed a significant down-regulation in the expression of ACC (P<0.001 and P<0.001 after 24 and 48 hours, respectively) and FAS genes (P<0.001 and P<0.001 after 24 and 48 hours, respectively) in SW480 cells treated with HEFS, diosignin, 4-OH-Ile, or orlistat, but significant up-regulation in the expression of PPARγ (P<0.001 and P<0.001 after 24 and 48 hours, respectively) and LDLR (P=0.005 and P=0.001 after 24 and 48 hours, respectively). Conclusion According to the results of the present study, HEFS, diosgenin and 4-OH-Ile up or down-regulate the expression of some predominant genes involved in lipid metabolism pathway, similar to that observed for orlistat. These types of regulatory effects are presumably proper for the treatment of obesity and overweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mohammad-Sadeghipour
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipoor Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mahmoodi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipoor Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Research, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mojgan Noroozi Karimabad
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Research, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Mirzaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Research, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Hajizadeh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Research, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran. Electronic Address:
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21
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Furman BL, Candasamy M, Bhattamisra SK, Veettil SK. Reduction of blood glucose by plant extracts and their use in the treatment of diabetes mellitus; discrepancies in effectiveness between animal and human studies. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 247:112264. [PMID: 31600561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The global problem of diabetes, together with the limited access of large numbers of patients to conventional antidiabetic medicines, continues to drive the search for new agents. Ancient Asian systems such as traditional Chinese medicine, Japanese Kampo medicine, and Indian Ayurvedic medicine, as well as African traditional medicine and many others have identified numerous plants reported anecdotally to treat diabetes; there are probably more than 800 such plants for which there is scientific evidence for their activity, mostly from studies using various models of diabetes in experimental animals. AIM OF THE REVIEW Rather than a comprehensive coverage of the literature, this article aims to identify discrepancies between findings in animal and human studies, and to highlight some of the problems in developing plant extract-based medicines that lower blood glucose in patients with diabetes, as well as to suggest potential ways forward. METHODS In addition to searching the 2018 PubMed literature using the terms 'extract AND blood glucose, a search of the whole literature was conducted using the terms 'plant extracts' AND 'blood glucose' AND 'diabetes' AND 'double blind' with 'clinical trials' as a filter. A third search using PubMed and Medline was undertaken for systematic reviews and meta-analyses investigating the effects of plant extracts on blood glucose/glycosylated haemoglobin in patients with relevant metabolic pathologies. FINDINGS Despite numerous animal studies demonstrating the effects of plant extracts on blood glucose, few randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials have been conducted to confirm efficacy in treating humans with diabetes; there have been only a small number of systematic reviews with meta-analyses of clinical studies. Qualitative and quantitative discrepancies between animal and human clinical studies in some cases were marked; the factors contributing to this included variations in the products among different studies, the doses used, differences between animal models and the human disease, and the impact of concomitant therapy in patients, as well as differences in the duration of treatment, and the fact that treatment in animals may begin before or very soon after the induction of diabetes. CONCLUSION The potential afforded by natural products has not yet been realised in the context of treating diabetes mellitus. A systematic, coordinated, international effort is required to achieve the goal of providing anti-diabetic treatments derived from medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian L Furman
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, 161, Cathedral Street Glasgow, G4 ORE, Scotland, UK.
| | - Mayuren Candasamy
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Subrat Kumar Bhattamisra
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Sajesh K Veettil
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Dose-dependent effects of fenugreek seed extract on the biochemical and haematological parameters in high-fat diet-fed rats. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2019; 14:383-389. [PMID: 31488972 PMCID: PMC6717075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The present study was carried out to assess the effects of fenugreek seed extract on various biochemical and haematological parameters in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed rats. Methods Female Wistar rats were allocated into five groups (n = 6): 1) control rats, 2) HFD-fed control rats 3) rats fed with HFD and fenugreek (FG) seed extract at doses of 200 mg/kg/day, 300 mg/kg/day, and 400 mg/kg/day for 12 weeks. Blood was collected to examine the biochemical and haematological parameters using a veterinary blood cell counter; blood indices such as MCV, MCH, MCHC, red blood cell distribution width, haemoglobin (Hb) levels, haematocrit, and platelet counts were measured. Blood samples were centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 min at room temperature to obtain serum for the estimation of lipid profiles, and aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase levels. Results Rats fed with FG at a dose of 400 mg/kg/day showed a significant increase in the red blood cell count, Hb levels, haematocrit, and MCV, and a significant decrease in the lymphocyte count. The total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein levels increased significantly (p < 0.05) in rats from the HFD control group, compared to those in the normal control group, but decreased significantly in rats fed with 400 mg/kg/day of FG. Conclusion The results of the current study suggest that FG seed extract exhibits hypolipidaemic activity and significantly improves the activity of hepatic enzymes, and the blood counts and indices in rats with HFD-induced obesity.
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Yao D, Zhang B, Zhu J, Zhang Q, Hu Y, Wang S, Wang Y, Cao H, Xiao J. Advances on application of fenugreek seeds as functional foods: Pharmacology, clinical application, products, patents and market. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:2342-2352. [PMID: 31286789 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1635567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (fenugreek) is one of the oldest applied medicinal herbs. Significant pharmacological and clinical evidence have highlighted the medicinal application of fenugreek. Explore the current knowledge regarding the bioactivity (animal aspects) and clinical application of fenugreek and its bioactive components, as well as the products, markets and patents related to fenugreek. This review highlights the phytochemicals, bioactivity (animal aspects) and clinical application of fenugreek from recent literatures and products, markets and patents from database. Until now, more than 100 phytochemicals have been isolated from fenugreek seeds, mainly including polysaccharides, saponins, alkaloids, phenolic acids, and flavonoids. Fenugreek extract and its bioactive compounds showed excellent antidiabetic activity and anti-obesity activity in animal and human study. Although the fenugreek seed has been used as TCM raw materials for a long time of period in China, China is lacking the research of fenugreek in both depth and width.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongning Yao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Bingyu Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Jianfan Zhu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Qianru Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Yuanjia Hu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Hui Cao
- Guangdong-Macau Traditional Chinese Medicine Technology Industrial Park Development Co., Ltd., Zhuhai, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macau, China
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Hassani SS, Fallahi Arezodar F, Esmaeili SS, Gholami-Fesharaki M. Effect of Fenugreek Use on Fasting Blood Glucose, Glycosylated Hemoglobin, Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference, Blood Pressure and Quality of Life in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trials. Galen Med J 2019; 8:e1432. [PMID: 34466512 PMCID: PMC8344183 DOI: 10.31661/gmj.v8i0.1432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is a major cause of death globally. It causes multiple problems in various organs and incurs heavy costs for patients and the community health system.The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of fenugreek intake on fasting blood sugar (FBS), HbA1C, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, blood pressure and quality of life of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS This randomized, double-blinded clinical trial study was conducted on patients with T2DMin Tehran, Iran in 2018. The treatment group received 5 g of fenugreek powder,and the placebo group received 5 g of wheat flour twice daily for two months before meals. RESULTS This study was performed on 62 patients (50% male and 50% female). Both groups had similar demographic characteristics. The results showed a significant difference between the mean FBS (P<0.001), HgA1C (P<0.001), BMI (P<0.001), waist circumference (P<0.001), diastolic blood pressure (P=0.005), and quality of life (P=0.015). There was no significant difference in mean systolic blood pressure (P=0.189) between groups. CONCLUSION Given the positive effect of fenugreek on FBS, hemoglobin, HbA1C, BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure and quality of life, it can be recommended for controlling blood glucose in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Seyyed Saeid Esmaeili
- Department of Iranian Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
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25
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Pradeep SR, Srinivasan K. Alleviation of Cardiac Damage by Dietary Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) Seeds is Potentiated by Onion (Allium cepa) in Experimental Diabetic Rats via Blocking Renin-Angiotensin System. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2019; 18:221-231. [PMID: 29094243 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-017-9431-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia is one of the metabolic and homeostatic abnormalities that increase the cardiovascular mortality in diabetic patients by increased oxidative stress. We have recently reported amelioration of oxidative stress in cardiac tissue by dietary fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) seeds and onion (Allium cepa) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The mechanistic aspects of the cardio-protective influence of dietary fenugreek seeds (10%) and onion (3% powder) both individually and in combination on hyperglycemia-mediated cardiac damage was further investigated in this study on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Cardio-protective influence of these dietary spices was evidenced by their blocking potential on renin-angiotensin system. This might be the consequence of reduced activation of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1) in cardiac tissue. The combination produced an additive effect on ACE and AT1 protein and mRNA expressions. Increased expression of type IV collagen, fibronectin, Bax, 4-hydroxynonenal, iNOS and metabolites of nitric oxide (nitrate/nitrite) along with disturbed PUFA-to-SFA ratio and activities of cardiac marker enzymes in blood confirmed the myocardial damage. Dietary fenugreek seed, onion and fenugreek + onion were found to ameliorate these pathological changes in the cardiovascular system. The beneficial effect being higher with the combination sometime amounting to additive (iNOS expression) or even a synergistic (cardiac Bax and type IV collagen expression and circulatory marker enzymes) in diabetic rats. Thus, the results of present investigation suggested that the combination of fenugreek seeds and onion offers higher beneficial influence in ameliorating cardiac damage accompanying diabetes.
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MESH Headings
- Aldehydes/metabolism
- Animals
- Collagen Type IV/genetics
- Collagen Type IV/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/physiopathology
- Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/blood
- Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/etiology
- Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/physiopathology
- Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/prevention & control
- Drug Synergism
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Fatty Acids/metabolism
- Fibronectins/genetics
- Fibronectins/metabolism
- Hypoglycemic Agents/isolation & purification
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Male
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Myocardium/pathology
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/genetics
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/metabolism
- Onions/chemistry
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/genetics
- Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/metabolism
- Plant Extracts/isolation & purification
- Plant Extracts/pharmacology
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/metabolism
- Renin-Angiotensin System/drug effects
- Renin-Angiotensin System/genetics
- Trigonella
- bcl-2-Associated X Protein/genetics
- bcl-2-Associated X Protein/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Seetur R Pradeep
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570 020, India
| | - Krishnapura Srinivasan
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570 020, India.
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Cheng CY, Yang AJ, Ekambaranellore P, Huang KC, Lin WW. Anti-obesity action of INDUS810, a natural compound from Trigonella foenum-graecum: AMPK-dependent lipolysis effect in adipocytes. Obes Res Clin Pract 2018; 12:562-569. [DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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27
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Ray A. Cancer and comorbidity: The role of leptin in breast cancer and associated pathologies. World J Clin Cases 2018; 6:483-492. [PMID: 30397604 PMCID: PMC6212611 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v6.i12.483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an important risk factor for postmenopausal breast cancer and also a poor prognostic factor among cancer patients. Moreover, obesity is associated with a number of health disorders such as insulin resistance/type-2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and other cardiovascular diseases. Frequently, these health disorders exhibit as components/complications of the metabolic syndrome. Nevertheless, obesity-related diseases may coexist with postmenopausal breast cancer; and these comorbid conditions could be substantial. Therefore, it may be assumed that different diseases including breast cancer could originate from a common pathological background in excessive adipose tissue. Adipocyte-released hormone-like cytokine (or adipokine) leptin behaves differently in a normal healthy state and obesity. A growing body of evidence suggests an important role of leptin in our major obesity-related health issues such as insulin resistance, hypertension, and neoplasia. In this context, this review describes the relationships of the abovementioned pathologies with leptin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitabha Ray
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Seton Hill University, Greensburg, PA 15601, United State
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28
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Chen Z, Lei YL, Wang WP, Lei YY, Liu YH, Hei J, Hu J, Sui H. Effects of Saponin from Trigonella Foenum-Graecum Seeds on Dyslipidemia. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2017; 42:577-585. [PMID: 29184266 PMCID: PMC5684379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Saponins identified from fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) seeds are reported effective on dyslipidemia. However, the definite mechanism is still not elucidated systematically. In this study, we evaluate the effects of saponin extract on cholesterol absorption, metabolism, synthesis, and reverse cholesterol transport in vivo. METHODS Saponin extract was prepared according to a craft established in our previous study. After the establishment of dyslipidemia model, 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups, namely the control group (normal diet plus normal saline), HFD group (high fat diet plus normal saline), Lipitor group (high fat diet plus Lipitor (2 mg/kg)), and L, M, and H-saponin groups (high fat diet plus saponin in dosages of 6, 12, and 24 mg/kg, respectively). Rats were sacrificed at the end of the 9th week after treatment. Biochemical characteristics of rats were tested, histopathological sections of liver tissue were observed, and the protein and mRNA expression of related factors of cholesterol in the intestine and liver were determined. One-way ANOVA test (SPSS software version 11.5, Chicago, IL, USA) was used to determine statistically significant differences between the HFD and other groups. RESULTS In saponin groups, the serum lipid, bile acid efflux, anti-peroxide activities, and lipid area of liver tissue improved. Cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase and scavenger receptor class B type I elevated in the liver. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase levels were suppressed in both the serum and liver. However, significant cholesterol efflux was not found and Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 levels elevated in the intestine. CONCLUSION The mechanisms of saponin in Fenugreek effect on ameliorating dyslipidemia are probably related to accelerated cholesterol metabolism, inhibited cholesterol synthesis, and facilitated reverse cholesterol transport, but not cholesterol absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Chen
- Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Shimane, Japan,School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan Ningxia, China
| | - Yan-Li Lei
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan Ningxia, China
| | - Wen-Ping Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan Ningxia, China,Ningxia Engineering and Technology Research Center, Modernization of Hui Medicine, Yinchuan Ningxia, China,Key Lab of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Yinchuan Ningxia, China
| | - Ya-Ya Lei
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan Ningxia, China,General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan Ningxia, China
| | - Yan-Hua Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan Ningxia, China,Ningxia Engineering and Technology Research Center, Modernization of Hui Medicine, Yinchuan Ningxia, China,Key Lab of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Yinchuan Ningxia, China
| | - Jing Hei
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan Ningxia, China,General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan Ningxia, China
| | - Jin Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan Ningxia, China,General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan Ningxia, China
| | - Hong Sui
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan Ningxia, China,Ningxia Engineering and Technology Research Center, Modernization of Hui Medicine, Yinchuan Ningxia, China,Key Lab of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Yinchuan Ningxia, China,Correspondence: Hong Sui, PhD; School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan Ningxia 750001, China Tel: +86 139 95113086 Fax: +86 951 6880693
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29
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Halima BH, Sonia G, Sarra K, Houda BJ, Fethi BS, Abdallah A. Apple Cider Vinegar Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Reduces the Risk of Obesity in High-Fat-Fed Male Wistar Rats. J Med Food 2017; 21:70-80. [PMID: 29091513 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a serious consequence of obesity characterized by increased cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, and glucose intolerance. While diets enriched with natural antioxidants showed beneficial effects on oxidative stress, blood pressure, and serum lipid composition, diet supplementation with synthetic antioxidants showed contradictive results. Thus, we tested, in this study, whether a daily dosage of Apple Cider Vinegar (ACV) would affect cardiovascular risk factor associated with obesity in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hyperlipidemic Wistar rats. Obese rats showed increased serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and atherogenic index after 6 and 9 weeks of being fed an HFD. Importantly, ACV ameliorated all of these parameters significantly. Oxidative stress already developed after 6 weeks of HFD and was significantly reduced by daily doses of ACV. Oral administration of ACV normalized various biochemical and metabolic changes since it exhibited a very significant (P < .001) reduction in malondialdehyde levels, whereas an increase in thiol group concentrations and antioxidant status (superoxide dismutase [SOD], glutathione peroxidase [GPx], and catalase [CAT] activities and vitamin E concentrations). In addition, a modulation in trace element levels was observed when compared with HFD groups. These findings suggested that HFD alters the oxidant-antioxidant balance, as evidenced by a reduction in the antioxidant enzyme activities and vitamin E level, and enhanced lipid peroxidation. ACV can be beneficial for the suppression of obesity-induced oxidative stress in HFD rats through the modulating antioxidant defense system and reduces the risk of obesity-associated diseases by preventing the atherogenic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Hmad Halima
- 1 Research Unit on Nutrition, Regulation of Metabolic Systems and Atherosclerosis, High School of Health Sciences, University of Tunis El Manar , Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Gara Sonia
- 2 Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Institute of Salah Azaiz , Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Khlifi Sarra
- 1 Research Unit on Nutrition, Regulation of Metabolic Systems and Atherosclerosis, High School of Health Sciences, University of Tunis El Manar , Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ben Jemaa Houda
- 1 Research Unit on Nutrition, Regulation of Metabolic Systems and Atherosclerosis, High School of Health Sciences, University of Tunis El Manar , Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ben Slama Fethi
- 1 Research Unit on Nutrition, Regulation of Metabolic Systems and Atherosclerosis, High School of Health Sciences, University of Tunis El Manar , Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Aouidet Abdallah
- 1 Research Unit on Nutrition, Regulation of Metabolic Systems and Atherosclerosis, High School of Health Sciences, University of Tunis El Manar , Tunis, Tunisia
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30
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Hamedi A, Moheimani SM, Sakhteman A, Etemadfard H, Moein M. An Overview on Indications and Chemical Composition of Aromatic Waters (Hydrosols) as Functional Beverages in Persian Nutrition Culture and Folk Medicine for Hyperlipidemia and Cardiovascular Conditions. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med 2017; 22:544-561. [PMID: 29228785 PMCID: PMC5871258 DOI: 10.1177/2156587216686460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrosol beverages in Persian nutrition culture and ethnomedicine are the side products of essential oil industry that are used as delicious drinks or safe remedies. To investigate indications and chemical composition of hydrosol beverages for hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular conditions, Fars province was selected as the field of study. Ethnomedical data were gathered by questionnaires. The constituents of hydrosols were extracted with liquid/liquid extraction and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Statistical analysis were used to cluster their constituents and find the relevance of their composition. A literature survey was also performed on plants used to prepare them. Thymol was the major or second major component of these beverages, except for wormwood and olive leaf hydrosols. Based on clustering methods, although some similarities could be found, composition of barberry, will fumitory, dill, and aloe hydrosols have more differences than others. These studies may help in developing some functional beverages or new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Hamedi
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahmoud Moheimani
- Student Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sakhteman
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamed Etemadfard
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahmoodreza Moein
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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31
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Zameer S, Najmi AK, Vohora D, Akhtar M. A review on therapeutic potentials of Trigonella foenum graecum (fenugreek) and its chemical constituents in neurological disorders: Complementary roles to its hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic, and antioxidant potential. Nutr Neurosci 2017; 21:539-545. [DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2017.1327200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saima Zameer
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, JamiaHamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Abul Kalam Najmi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, JamiaHamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Divya Vohora
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, JamiaHamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mohd Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, JamiaHamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi 110062, India
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32
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Nagulapalli Venkata KC, Swaroop A, Bagchi D, Bishayee A. A small plant with big benefits: Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn.) for disease prevention and health promotion. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 28266134 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Plant-derived natural products have long-standing utility toward treating degenerative diseases. It is estimated that about two-thirds of world population depend on traditional medicine for primary medical needs. Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn.), a short-living annual medicinal plant belonging to Fabaceae family, is used extensively in various parts of the world as herb, food, spice, and traditional medicine. Fenugreek is considered as one of the oldest medicinal plants and its health-promoting effects have been cited in Ayurveda and traditional Chinese medicine. The investigations into the chemical composition and pharmacological actions have seen a renaissance in recent years. Extensive preclinical and clinical research have outlined the pharmaceutical uses of fenugreek as antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, antiobesity, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antifungal, antibacterial, galactogogue and for miscellaneous pharmacological effects, including improving women's health. The pharmacological actions of fenugreek are attributed to diverse array of phytoconstituents. The phytochemical analysis reveals the presence of steroids, alkaloids, saponins, polyphenols, flavonoids, lipids, carbohydrates, amino acids, and hydrocarbons. This review aims to summarize and critically analyze the current available literature to understand the potential of fenugreek for disease prevention and health improvement with special emphasis on cellular and molecular mechanisms. Current challenges and new directions of research on fenugreek are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Debasis Bagchi
- Cepham Research Center, Piscataway, NJ, USA.,Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Larkin University, Miami, FL, USA
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Ganji A, Salehi I, Sarihi A, Shahidi S, Komaki A. Effects of Hypericum Scabrum extract on anxiety and oxidative stress biomarkers in rats fed a long-term high-fat diet. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:503-511. [PMID: 27981406 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-016-9940-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The continuous and long-term consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) leads to weight gain and obesity. A HFD and obesity increase the risks of psychiatric disorders, such as anxiety and depression. In this study, we investigated the effects of a Hypericum Scabrum (H. scabrum) extract, which is an antioxidant, on anxiety in rats fed a long-term HFD. Sixty male Wistar rats were divided into the following six groups: (1) Control (standard diet), (2) Ext100 [standard diet supplemented with extract (100 mg/kg once/day)], (3) Ext300 [standard diet supplemented with extract (300 mg/kg once/day)], (4) HFD, (HFD), (5) HFD + Ext100, and (6) HFD + Ext300. The groups were fed their diet for 3 months. Anxiety was measured with the elevated plus-maze test. At the end of the study, blood samples were taken, and biochemical parameters and oxidative stress biomarker levels were determined in the plasma. Compared to the control group, the HFD group exhibited significant decreases in both the time in the open arms and number of entries into the open arms. H. scabrum extract supplementation significantly increased these parameters in the HFD-fed groups. The HFD significantly increased serum malondialdehyde levels and significantly decreased total glutathione levels, while H. scabrum extract supplementation significantly reversed these parameters. In conclusion, these results showed that a HFD increased anxiety behavior. In contrast, H. scabrum extract supplementation had anxiolytic effects and reversed the effects of the HFD, which suggested that the effects of H. scabrum extract supplementation were due to its strong antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ganji
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Iraj Salehi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Abdolrahman Sarihi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Siamak Shahidi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Fahmideh Street, Hamadan, Iran, 65178/518.
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Emami SR, Jafari M, Haghshenas R, Ravasi A. Impact of eight weeks endurance training on biochemical parameters and obesity-induced oxidative stress in high fat diet-fed rats. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem 2016; 20:29-35. [PMID: 27298810 PMCID: PMC4899893 DOI: 10.20463/jenb.2016.03.20.1.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] High-fat diets (HFD) feeding is an important risk factor for obesity that is accompanied with metabolic syndrome. Appropriate exercise is recommended for obesity prevention. The molecular mechanisms and cellular pathways activated in response to HFD and exercise are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks endurance training on some plasma biochemical parameters and oxidative stress in HFD induced obese rats. [Methods] Twenty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: the standard diet (SD) group, endurance training group with a standard diet (ESD), HFD group, and endurance training group with high-fat diet (EHFD). After 8 weeks, blood samples were taken by cardiac puncture and plasma were used for determination of biochemical parameters and oxidative stress biomarkers. [Results] HFD significantly increased malondialdehyde level and decreased the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione S-transferase and the content of glutathione in the plasma. HFD also increased activities of aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, as well as levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride and low-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol. However, endurance training showed protective effect on changes in these parameters. [Conclusion] These findings suggested that HFD alters the oxidant-antioxidant balance, as evidenced by reduction in the antioxidant enzymes activities and glutathione level and enhanced lipid peroxidation. Endurance training can be beneficial for the suppression of obesity-induced oxidative stress in HFD rats through modulating antioxidant defense system and reduces the risk of obesity-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Reza Emami
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran Iran
| | - Mahvash Jafari
- Exercise Physiology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran Iran
| | | | - Aliasghar Ravasi
- Department of Exercise physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, University of Tehran, Tehran Iran
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Thakare MM, Surana SJ. β-Asarone modulate adipokines and attenuates high fat diet-induced metabolic abnormalities in Wistar rats. Pharmacol Res 2015; 103:227-35. [PMID: 26675715 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Here we investigated the effect of β-asarone on food preference and its therapeutic potential against high fat diet (HFD) induced obesity in rats. In food preference study, free access to HFD was given only for 4h in addition to standard laboratory chow in rats and the preferential intake between chow and HFD was measured. For obesity induction, HFD was administered for 12 weeks and the HFD fed rats were treated with β-asarone in the last 4 weeks, starting from 9th week onwards. Food intake, body weight was measured biweekly. Glucose tolerance and the levels of glucose, lipids, free fatty acids, leptin, and adiponectin were assessed. HFD fed rats showed progressive increase in body weight and developed glucose intolerance and dyslipidemia. In addition, they showed increased adiposity and the disturbed pattern of adipokine levels In the food preference paradigm, β-asarone produced selective decrease in HFD intake in rats. In obese rats, β-asarone treatment not only reduced body weight but also prevented HFD-induced metabolic alterations, including glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia and adipokine imbalance. The observed beneficial effects of β-asarone appear due its ability to reduce intake of energy dense food by affecting food palatability, and to normalize the levels of leptin and adiponectin in rats. Overall, our results suggest that β-asarone is a novel candidate molecule with significant therapeutic potential in the management of obesity and associated abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malesh M Thakare
- Department of Pharmacology, RC Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur 425 405, Dhule, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Sanjay J Surana
- Department of Pharmacology, RC Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur 425 405, Dhule, Maharashtra, India
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Bogdański P, Suliburska J, Szulińska M, Sikora M, Walkowiak J, Jakubowski H. L-Arginine and vitamin C attenuate pro-atherogenic effects of high-fat diet on biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2015; 76:100-6. [PMID: 26653556 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD) is known to cause endothelial dysfunction and contribute to atherosclerosis progression. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of L-arginine (L-Arg) and vitamin C supplementation as a potentially useful strategy for modulation of serum homocysteine (Hcy) levels, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), oxidative stress, and insulin resistance induced by HFD in rats. Six weeks-old female and male Wistar rats were divided into five groups of twelve rats each and treated for six weeks with: group 1, standard diet; group 2, HFD; group 3, HFD supplemented with L-Arg (20g/kg diet); group 4, HFD supplemented with L-Arg (20g/kg diet) plus vitamin C (100mg/kg diet); group 5, HFD supplemented with vitamin C (100mg/kg diet). HFD significantly elevated TNF-α, reduced total antioxidant status (TAS), and increased insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Significant increases of total cholesterol (TCH), LDL cholesterol (LDL), triglyceride (TG) and a decrease of HDL cholesterol (HDL) were observed in HFD rats. Supplementation with l-Arg prevented the decrease of TAS and the increases in HOMA-IR, LDL, and TG levels. Moreover, Hcy and TNF-α levels were reduced in L-Arg supplemented group. Supplementation with vitamin C significantly atenuated TAS decrease and lowered LDL levels. L-Arg plus vitamin C enhanced L-Arg effect on TAS and protected against TNF-α increase. Western blot analysis showed that l-Arg supplementation of HFD rats reduced the level of protein carbonyls. Taken together, these findings indicate that supplemental l-arginine and/or vitamin C, by their abilities to modulate biomarkers of HFD-induced endothelial dysfunction, are anti-atherogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Bogdański
- Department of Education and Obesity Treatment and Metabolic Disorders, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szamarzewskiego 84 Str., 60-569 Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna Suliburska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Hygiene, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31 Str., 60-624 Poznan, Poland
| | - Monika Szulińska
- Department of Education and Obesity Treatment and Metabolic Disorders, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szamarzewskiego 84 Str., 60-569 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marta Sikora
- European Centre for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Piotrowo 1 Str., 61-138 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jarosław Walkowiak
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27/33 Str., 60-572 Poznan, Poland
| | - Hieronim Jakubowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11 Str., 60-632 Poznan, Poland; Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Noskowskiego 12/14 Str., 61-704 Poznan, Poland; Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, Rutgers University, New Jersey Medical School, International Center for Public Health, Newark, NJ 07103-3535, USA.
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Kang YH, Kim KK, Kim DJ, Choe M. Antiobesity effects of the water-soluble fraction of the ethanol extract of Smilax china L. leaf in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Nutr Res Pract 2015; 9:606-12. [PMID: 26634049 PMCID: PMC4667201 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2015.9.6.606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Several medicinal properties of Smilax china L. have been studied including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer effects. However, the antiobesity activity and mechanism by which the water-soluble fraction of this plant mediates its effects are not clear. In the present study, we investigated the lipolytic actions of the water-soluble fraction of Smilax china L. leaf ethanol extract (wsSCLE) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. MATERIALS/METHODS The wsSCLE was identified by measuring the total polyphenol and flavonoid content. The wsSCLE was evaluated for its effects on cell viability, lipid accumulation, glycerol, and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) contents. In addition, western blot analysis was used to evaluate the effects on protein kinase A (PKA), PKA substrates (PKAs), and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL). For the lipid accumulation assay, 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with different doses of wsSCLE for 9 days starting 2 days post-confluence. In other cell experiments, mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated for 24 h with wsSCLE. RESULTS Results showed that treatment with wsSCLE at 0.05, 0.1, and 0.25 mg/mL had no effect on cell morphology and viability. Without evidence of toxicity, wsSCLE treatment decreased lipid accumulation compared with the untreated adipocyte controls as shown by the lower absorbance of Oil Red O stain. The wsSCLE significantly induced glycerol release and cAMP production in mature 3T3-L1 cells. Furthermore, protein levels of phosphorylated PKA, PKAs, and HSL significantly increased following wsSCLE treatment. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that the potential antiobesity activity of wsSCLE is at least in part due to the stimulation of cAMP-PKA-HSL signaling. In addition, the wsSCLE-stimulated lipolysis induced by the signaling is mediated via activation of the β-adrenergic receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Hwan Kang
- Research and Development Division, Korean Promotion Institute for Traditional Medicine Industry, Gyeongsan, 712-260, Korea
| | - Kyoung Kon Kim
- Department of Bio-Health Technology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, 1 Gangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200-701, Korea
| | - Dae Jung Kim
- Well-Being Bioproducts R&D Regional Innovation Center, Kangwon National University, 1 Gangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200-701, Korea
| | - Myeon Choe
- Department of Bio-Health Technology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, 1 Gangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200-701, Korea. ; Well-Being Bioproducts R&D Regional Innovation Center, Kangwon National University, 1 Gangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200-701, Korea
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Hua Y, Ren SY, Guo R, Rogers O, Nair RP, Bagchi D, Swaroop A, Nair S. Furostanolic saponins from Trigonella foenum-graecum
alleviate diet-induced glucose intolerance and hepatic fat accumulation. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Hua
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine; School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences; University of Wyoming; Laramie WY USA
| | - Sidney Y. Ren
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine; School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences; University of Wyoming; Laramie WY USA
| | - Rui Guo
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine; School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences; University of Wyoming; Laramie WY USA
| | - Olivia Rogers
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine; School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences; University of Wyoming; Laramie WY USA
| | - Rama P. Nair
- Research & Development Division, Nutriwyo LLC; Laramie WY USA
| | - Debasis Bagchi
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences; College of Pharmacy; University of Houston; Houston TX USA
- Research & Development Division; Cepham Inc; Piscataway NJ USA
| | - Anand Swaroop
- Research & Development Division; Cepham Inc; Piscataway NJ USA
| | - Sreejayan Nair
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine; School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences; University of Wyoming; Laramie WY USA
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Fuller S, Stephens JM. Diosgenin, 4-hydroxyisoleucine, and fiber from fenugreek: mechanisms of actions and potential effects on metabolic syndrome. Adv Nutr 2015; 6:189-97. [PMID: 25770257 PMCID: PMC4352177 DOI: 10.3945/an.114.007807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome and its complications continue to rise in prevalence and show no signs of abating in the immediate future. Therefore, the search for effective treatments is a high priority in biomedical research. Products derived from botanicals have a time-honored history of use in the treatment of metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes. Trigonella foenum-graecum, commonly known as fenugreek, is an annual herbaceous plant that has been a staple of traditional herbal medicine in many cultures. Although fenugreek has been studied in both clinical and basic research settings, questions remain about its efficacy and biologic mechanisms of action. Diosgenin, 4-hydroxyisoleucine, and the fiber component of the plant are the most intensively studied bioactive constituents present in fenugreek. These compounds have been demonstrated to exert beneficial effects on several physiologic markers including glucose tolerance, inflammation, insulin action, liver function, blood lipids, and cardiovascular health. Although insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the favorable effects of fenugreek have been gained, we still do not have definitive evidence establishing its role as a therapeutic agent in metabolic disease. This review aims to summarize the currently available evidence on the physiologic effects of the 3 best-characterized bioactive compounds of fenugreek, with particular emphasis on biologic mechanisms of action relevant in the context of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Fuller
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA; and
| | - Jacqueline M Stephens
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA; and Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
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