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Yin S, Niu L, Zhang J, Liu Y. Gardenia yellow pigment: Extraction methods, biological activities, current trends, and future prospects. Food Res Int 2024; 179:113981. [PMID: 38342530 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.113981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Food coloring plays a vital role in influencing consumers' food choices, imparting vibrant and appealing colors to various food and beverage products. Synthetic food colorants have been the most commonly used coloring agents in the food industry. However, concerns about potential health issues related to synthetic colorants, coupled with increasing consumer demands for food safety and health, have led food manufacturers to explore natural alternatives. Natural pigments not only offer a wide range of colors to food products but also exhibit beneficial bioactive properties. Gardenia yellow pigment is a water-soluble natural pigment with various biological activities, widely present in gardenia fruits. Therefore, this paper aims to delve into Gardenia Yellow Pigment, highlighting its significance as a food colorant. Firstly, a thorough understanding and exploration of various methods for obtaining gardenia yellow pigment. Subsequently, the potential functionality of gardenia yellow pigment was elaborated, especially its excellent antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. Finally, the widespread application trend of gardenia yellow pigment in the food industry was explored, as well as the challenges faced by the future development of gardenia yellow pigment in the field of food and health. Some feasible solutions were proposed, providing valuable references and insights for researchers, food industry professionals, and policy makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipeng Yin
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
| | - Liqiong Niu
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Future Food (Bai Ma) Research Institute, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanfa Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
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Qin C, Wang H, Zhong J, Ran H, Peng W. miR-129 Regulates Yak Intramuscular Preadipocyte Proliferation and Differentiation through the PI3K/AKT Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:632. [PMID: 38203803 PMCID: PMC10779486 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
miR-129 plays a crucial role in regulating various cellular processes, including adipogenesis; however, its downstream molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that miR-129 promotes yak adipogenesis in vitro via the PI3K/AKT pathway. Overexpression and interference of miR-129 in yak intramuscular preadipocytes (YIMAs) enhanced and inhibited cell differentiation, respectively, with corresponding changes in cell proliferation. Further investigation revealed that miR-129 enhances AKT and p-AKT activity in the AKT pathway without affecting cell apoptosis, and a specific inhibitor (LY294002) was used to confirm that miR-129 regulates YIMAs proliferation and differentiation through the PI3K/AKT pathway. Our findings suggest that miR-129 promotes yak adipogenesis by enhancing PI3K/AKT pathway activity. This study provides the foundation to precisely elucidate the molecular mechanism of miR-129 in YIMAs adipogenesis and develop advanced miRNA-based strategies to improve meat nutrition and obesity-related ailments in beef production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Qin
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China;
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Sichuan Province and Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610225, China; (H.W.); (J.Z.); (H.R.)
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Sichuan Province and Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610225, China; (H.W.); (J.Z.); (H.R.)
| | - Jincheng Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Sichuan Province and Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610225, China; (H.W.); (J.Z.); (H.R.)
| | - Hongbiao Ran
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Sichuan Province and Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610225, China; (H.W.); (J.Z.); (H.R.)
| | - Wei Peng
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China;
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Crocin Attenuates NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation by Inhibiting Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species and Ameliorates Monosodium Urate-Induced Mouse Peritonitis. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:2090-2104. [PMID: 36975504 PMCID: PMC10047758 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45030134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Crocin is a hydrophilic carotenoid pigment found in the stigma of Crocus sativus or the fruit of Gardenia jasminoides. In this study, we investigated the effects of Crocin on the activation of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat, and pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in J774A.1 murine macrophage cells and monosodium urate (MSU)-induced peritonitis. Crocin significantly inhibited Nigericin-, adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-, MSU-induced interleukin (IL)-1β secretion, and caspase-1 cleavage without affecting pro-IL-1β and pro-caspase-1. Crocin also suppressed gasdermin-D cleavage and lactate dehydrogenase release and enhanced cell viability, indicating that Crocin reduces pyroptosis. Similar effects were observed in primary mouse macrophages. However, Crocin did not affect poly(dA:dT)-induced absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) and muramyl dipeptide-induced NLRP1 inflammasomes. Crocin decreased Nigericin-induced oligimerization and the speck formation of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC). Crocin also dramatically alleviated the ATP-induced production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS). Finally, Crocin ameliorated the MSU-induced production of IL-1β and IL-18 and the recruitment of neutrophils during peritoneal inflammation. These results suggest that Crocin suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome activation by blocking mtROS production and ameliorates MSU-induced mouse peritonitis. Thus, Crocin may have therapeutic potential in various NLRP3 inflammasome-related inflammatory diseases.
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Effect of crocin of Crocus sativus L. on serum inflammatory markers (IL-6 and TNF- α) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Br J Nutr 2023:1-8. [PMID: 36628554 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522003397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Different factors, such as inflammation, oxidative stress, extracellular matrix degradation and apoptosis, affect the pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), as a progressive disease characterised by permanent airflow limitation. Herbal supplements with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties can help treat certain chronic diseases. The current study aimed at investigating the preventive effects of crocin supplementation on the serum concentrations of IL-6, TNF-α, exercise capacity and pulmonary function tests (PFT) in patients with COPD. The present prospective randomised clinical trial equally divided fifty-seven patients with COPD into a placebo and an intervention group, who respectively received a placebo and crocin (15 mg twice day for 12 weeks) as a supplement. ELISA was used to measure serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α, also PFT and exercise capacity based on 6-min walking distance test (6MWD), which was performed at the beginning and end of the study. Crocin improved the results of PFT (P < 0·05) and 6-MWD (P < 0·001) and exerted preventive effects by increasing the serum levels of IL-6 in patients with COPD compared with those in the placebo group (P < 0·05). Intervention with crocin significantly lowered serum levels of TNF-α at the end of the study (P < 0·01). The present findings suggest crocin supplementation improves exercise capacity and PFT in patients with COPD by reducing serum levels of inflammatory factors.
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Ismail Abo El-Fadl HM, Mohamed MFA. Targeting endoplasmic reticulum stress, Nrf-2/HO-1, and NF-κB by myristicin and its role in attenuation of ulcerative colitis in rats. Life Sci 2022; 311:121187. [PMID: 36403646 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by the up-regulation of pro-inflammatory mediators, apoptotic signals, and oxidative stress that can lead to an increased risk of colorectal cancer. The present study aims to investigate the possible role of myristicin in modulating endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and risk-associated conditions in acetic acid (AA)-induced UC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult male rats were treated with 150 mg/kg body weight of myristicin or mesalazine orally either as pre/post treatment or post-treatment only. The gene expression of glucose-related protein 78 (GRP78), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), percentage of DNA fragmentation, and serum levels of some oxidative and inflammatory markers were measured. KEY FINDINGS The results indicated the potential upregulation of ERS, pro-apoptotic, lipid peroxidation, and pro-inflammatory cascades by induction of UC in rats. However, myristicin could effectively reverse the deteriorated effects of ulceration in colonic mucosa. It was mediated through downregulation of the ERS markers GRP78 and CHOP genes expression, reduction of NF-κB mRNA expression, DNA fragmentation, reduced lipid peroxidation, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and pro-inflammatory markers (Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and cyclo‑oxygenase (COX-2) activity). Accompanied by elevated levels of IL-10, colonic Nuclear erythroid factor (Nrf-2) and Heme oxygenase (HO-1) activity as well as blood antioxidant enzymes activity. Results of docking might confirm the biological results of our study. SIGNIFICANCE Myristicin could effectively modulate important stress, and inflammatory effectors and protect mucosal DNA from oxidative damage which can serve as a promising candidate for the treatment of ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huda M Ismail Abo El-Fadl
- Biochemistry and Nutrition Department, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mamdouh F A Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, 82524 Sohag, Egypt
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Gao J, Zhao F, Yi S, Li S, Zhu A, Tang Y, Li A. Protective role of crocin against sepsis-induced injury in the liver, kidney and lungs via inhibition of p38 MAPK/NF-κB and Bax/Bcl-2 signalling pathways. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:543-552. [PMID: 35225146 PMCID: PMC8890572 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2042328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Crocin has been reported to have multiple bioactivities. However, the effect of crocin administration on caecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis remains unknown. OBJECTIVE We investigated the effects of crocin on CLP-induced sepsis in mice and the underlying mechanism of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five experimental groups (n = 10) of BALB/c mice were used: control, CLP (normal saline) and CLP + crocin (50, 100 and 250 mg/kg, 30 min prior to CLP). Mice were sacrificed 24 h after CLP. Liver, kidney and lung histopathology, indicator levels, apoptotic status, pro-inflammatory cytokines and relative protein levels were evaluated. RESULTS Compared to the CLP group, crocin treatment significantly increased the survival rate (70%, 80%, 90% vs. 30%). Crocin groups exhibited protection against liver, kidney and lung damage with mild-to-moderate morphological changes and lower indicator levels: liver (2.80 ± 0.45, 2.60 ± 0.55, 1.60 ± 0.55 vs. 5.60 ± 0.55), kidney (3.00 ± 0.71, 2.60 ± 0.55, 1.40 ± 0.55 vs. 6.20 ± 0.84) and lungs (8.00 ± 1.59, 6.80 ± 1.64, 2.80 ± 0.84 vs. 14.80 ± 1.79). The proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 levels in the crocin groups) were distinctly lower and the apoptotic index showed a significant decrease. Crocin administration significantly suppressed p38 MAPK phosphorylation and inhibited NF-κB/IκBα and Bcl-2/Bax activation. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Pre-treatment with crocin confers protective effects against CLP-induced liver, kidney and lung injury, implying it to be a potential therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Shaona Yi
- Department of Nephrology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Shuhang Li
- Department of Urology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Aiqing Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Yingxiu Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Aiqun Li
- Department of Emergency, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
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Boozari M, Hosseinzadeh H. Crocin molecular signaling pathways at a glance: A comprehensive review. Phytother Res 2022; 36:3859-3884. [PMID: 35989419 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Crocin is a hydrophilic carotenoid that is synthesized in the flowers of the Crocus genus. Numerous in vitro and in vivo research projects have been published about the biological and pharmacological properties and toxicity of crocin. Crocin acts as a memory enhancer, anxiolytic, aphrodisiac, antidepressant, neuroprotective, and so on. Here, we introduce an updated and comprehensive review of crocin molecular mechanisms based on previously examined and mentioned in the literature. Different studies confirmed the significant effect of crocin to control pathological conditions, including oxidative stress, inflammation, metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer. The neuroprotective effect of crocin could be related to the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), Notch, and cyclic-AMP response element-binding protein signaling pathways. The crocin also protects the cardiovascular system through the inhibitory effect on toll-like receptors. The regulatory effect of crocin on PI3K/AKT/mTOR, AMP-activated protein kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor pathways can play an effective role in the treatment of metabolic disorders. The crocin has anticancer activity through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR, MAPK, vascular endothelial growth factor, Wnt/β-catenin, and Janus kinases-signal transducer and activator of transcription suppression. Also, the nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 and p53 signaling pathway activation may be effective in the anticancer effect of crocin. Finally, among signaling pathways regulated by crocin, the most important ones seem to be those related to the regulatory effect on the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motahareh Boozari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Khoshandam A, Razavi BM, Hosseinzadeh H. Interaction of saffron and its constituents with Nrf2 signaling pathway: A review. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 25:789-798. [PMID: 36033950 PMCID: PMC9392575 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2022.61986.13719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Saffron (Crocus sativus) is a natural compound and its constituents such as crocin, crocetin, and safranal have many pharmacological properties such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antigenotoxic, anti-depressant, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway plays an important role against inflammation, oxidative stress, and carcinogenesis. In the regulation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway, kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (keap1) is the most studied pathway. In this review, we gathered various studies and describe the pharmacological effects of saffron and its constituents with their related mechanisms of action, particularly the Nrf2 signaling pathway. In this review, we used search engines or electronic databases including Scopus, Web of Science, and Pubmed, without time limitation. The search keywords contained saffron, "Crocus sativus", crocetin, crocin, safranal, picrocrocin, "nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2", and Nrf2. Saffron and its constituents could have protective properties through various mechanisms particularly the Nrf2/HO-1/Keap1 signaling pathway in different tissues such as the liver, heart, brain, pancreas, lung, joints, colon, etc. The vast majority of studies discussed in this review indicate that saffron and its constituents could induce the Nrf2 signaling pathway leading to its anti-oxidant and therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arian Khoshandam
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bibi Marjan Razavi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran , Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran , Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Corresponding author: Hossein Hosseinzadeh. Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Yousefi-Manesh H, Aghamollaei H, Dehpour AR, Sheibani M, Tavangar SM, Bagheri M, Shirooie S, Daryabari SH, Noori T. The role of saffron in improvement of ocular surface disease in a mouse model of Lacrimal Gland Excision-induced dry eye disease. Exp Eye Res 2022; 221:109127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Ghobadi H, Abdollahi N, Madani H, Aslani MR. Effect of Crocin From Saffron ( Crocus sativus L.) Supplementation on Oxidant/Antioxidant Markers, Exercise Capacity, and Pulmonary Function Tests in COPD Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:884710. [PMID: 35517806 PMCID: PMC9065288 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.884710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive and chronic respiratory disorder characterized by reversible airflow limitation and lung parenchyma destruction. The main feature of COPD is inflammation and disturbance of the oxidant/antioxidant balance in the airways. The therapeutic use of herbal supplements with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties seems to be very useful in the medical management of patients with COPD. Method: COPD patients were divided into placebo and intervention groups (each group n = 23) in a clinical trial study. The intervention group received crocin supplementation (30 mg/day for 12 weeks), and the control group received a placebo. Pre- and after the intervention, pulmonary function tests (PFTs), exercise capacity (using a 6-min walking distance test (6MWD)), and serum levels of total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant capacity (TAOC), and NF-kB were assessed using the ELISA test. Results: Intervention with crocin for 12 weeks in COPD patients decreased serum levels of TOS and NF-κB as well as increased TAOC. In addition, the results of the 6MWD test reveal an improvement in patients' exercise capacity. Conclusion: Crocin supplementation appears to effectively establish oxidant/antioxidant balance and improve inflammatory conditions in patients with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Ghobadi
- Lung Diseases Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.,Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Nasim Abdollahi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Hanieh Madani
- Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Aslani
- Lung Diseases Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.,Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Scuto M, Modafferi S, Rampulla F, Zimbone V, Tomasello M, Spano’ S, Ontario M, Palmeri A, Trovato Salinaro A, Siracusa R, Di Paola R, Cuzzocrea S, Calabrese E, Wenzel U, Calabrese V. Redox modulation of stress resilience by Crocus Sativus L. for potential neuroprotective and anti-neuroinflammatory applications in brain disorders: From molecular basis to therapy. Mech Ageing Dev 2022; 205:111686. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2022.111686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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El Midaoui A, Ghzaiel I, Vervandier-Fasseur D, Ksila M, Zarrouk A, Nury T, Khallouki F, El Hessni A, Ibrahimi SO, Latruffe N, Couture R, Kharoubi O, Brahmi F, Hammami S, Masmoudi-Kouki O, Hammami M, Ghrairi T, Vejux A, Lizard G. Saffron (Crocus sativus L.): A Source of Nutrients for Health and for the Treatment of Neuropsychiatric and Age-Related Diseases. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030597. [PMID: 35276955 PMCID: PMC8839854 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) is a medicinal plant, originally cultivated in the East and Middle East, and later in some Mediterranean countries. Saffron is obtained from the stigmas of the plant. Currently, the use of saffron is undergoing a revival. The medicinal virtues of saffron, its culinary use and its high added value have led to the clarification of its phytochemical profile and its biological and therapeutic characteristics. Saffron is rich in carotenoids and terpenes. The major products of saffron are crocins and crocetin (carotenoids) deriving from zeaxanthin, pirocrocin and safranal, which give it its taste and aroma, respectively. Saffron and its major compounds have powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in vitro and in vivo. Anti-tumor properties have also been described. The goal of this review is to present the beneficial effects of saffron and its main constituent molecules on neuropsychiatric diseases (depression, anxiety and schizophrenia) as well as on the most frequent age-related diseases (cardiovascular, ocular and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as sarcopenia). Overall, the phytochemical profile of saffron confers many beneficial virtues on human health and, in particular, on the prevention of age-related diseases, which is a major asset reinforcing the interest for this medicinal plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil El Midaoui
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada;
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, Errachidia 52000, Morocco;
- Laboratory of Genetics, Neuroendocrinology, and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra 14020, Morocco; (A.E.H.); (S.O.I.)
- Correspondence: (A.E.M.); (G.L.); Tel.: +1-514-343-6111 (ext. 3320) (A.E.M.); +33-3-80-39-62-56 (G.L.)
| | - Imen Ghzaiel
- Team ‘Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism’, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comte, 21000 Dijon, France; (I.G.); (M.K.); (T.N.); (N.L.); (A.V.)
- Lab-NAFS ‘Nutritio—Functional Food & Vascular Health’, Faculty of Medicine, LR12ES05, University Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia; (A.Z.); (S.H.); (M.H.)
| | - Dominique Vervandier-Fasseur
- Team OCS, Institute of Molecular Chemistry (ICMUB UMR CNRS 6302), University of Bourgogne Franche-Comte, 21000 Dijon, France;
| | - Mohamed Ksila
- Team ‘Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism’, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comte, 21000 Dijon, France; (I.G.); (M.K.); (T.N.); (N.L.); (A.V.)
- Laboratory Neurophysiology, Cellular Physiopathology and Valorisation of Biomolecules, (LR18ES03), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia; (O.M.-K.); (T.G.)
| | - Amira Zarrouk
- Lab-NAFS ‘Nutritio—Functional Food & Vascular Health’, Faculty of Medicine, LR12ES05, University Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia; (A.Z.); (S.H.); (M.H.)
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sousse, Sousse 4000, Tunisia
| | - Thomas Nury
- Team ‘Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism’, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comte, 21000 Dijon, France; (I.G.); (M.K.); (T.N.); (N.L.); (A.V.)
| | - Farid Khallouki
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, Errachidia 52000, Morocco;
| | - Aboubaker El Hessni
- Laboratory of Genetics, Neuroendocrinology, and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra 14020, Morocco; (A.E.H.); (S.O.I.)
| | - Salama Ouazzani Ibrahimi
- Laboratory of Genetics, Neuroendocrinology, and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra 14020, Morocco; (A.E.H.); (S.O.I.)
| | - Norbert Latruffe
- Team ‘Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism’, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comte, 21000 Dijon, France; (I.G.); (M.K.); (T.N.); (N.L.); (A.V.)
| | - Réjean Couture
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada;
| | - Omar Kharoubi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biotoxicology, Biodepollution and Phytoremediation, Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, University Oran1 ABB, Oran 31000, Algeria;
| | - Fatiha Brahmi
- Laboratory Biomathématique, Biochimie, Biophysique et Scientométrie, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algeria;
| | - Sonia Hammami
- Lab-NAFS ‘Nutritio—Functional Food & Vascular Health’, Faculty of Medicine, LR12ES05, University Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia; (A.Z.); (S.H.); (M.H.)
| | - Olfa Masmoudi-Kouki
- Laboratory Neurophysiology, Cellular Physiopathology and Valorisation of Biomolecules, (LR18ES03), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia; (O.M.-K.); (T.G.)
| | - Mohamed Hammami
- Lab-NAFS ‘Nutritio—Functional Food & Vascular Health’, Faculty of Medicine, LR12ES05, University Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia; (A.Z.); (S.H.); (M.H.)
| | - Taoufik Ghrairi
- Laboratory Neurophysiology, Cellular Physiopathology and Valorisation of Biomolecules, (LR18ES03), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia; (O.M.-K.); (T.G.)
| | - Anne Vejux
- Team ‘Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism’, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comte, 21000 Dijon, France; (I.G.); (M.K.); (T.N.); (N.L.); (A.V.)
| | - Gérard Lizard
- Team ‘Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism’, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comte, 21000 Dijon, France; (I.G.); (M.K.); (T.N.); (N.L.); (A.V.)
- Correspondence: (A.E.M.); (G.L.); Tel.: +1-514-343-6111 (ext. 3320) (A.E.M.); +33-3-80-39-62-56 (G.L.)
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Eteghadi MR, Nasehi M, Vaseghi S, Hesami-Tackallou S. The effect of Crocin on TFAM and PGC-1α expression and Catalase and Superoxide dismutase activities following cholestasis-induced neuroinflammation in the striatum of male Wistar rats. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:1791-1801. [PMID: 34019207 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00748-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Bile secretion is a physiological function that is disrupted following Bile Duct Ligation (BDL) and induces cholestasis. Cholestasis is a bile flow reduction that induces apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation, and alters the expression of genes. Evidence shows the relationship between cholestasis and neuroinflammation. Cholestasis via attenuating mitochondrial biogenesis and anti-oxidant activity can induce neuroinflammation and apoptosis. Mitochondrial transcriptional factor A (TFAM) and Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) are involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, and TFAM, PGC-1α, Catalase (CAT), and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) have a role in upregulating antioxidant pathways. On the other hand, many studies have shown the neuroprotective effects of Crocin, the water-soluble carotenoid of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.). In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of Crocin on the level of TFAM, PGC-1α, CAT, and SOD following cholestasis-induced neuroinflammation in the rat's striatum. Cholestasis was induced by BDL surgery and administration of Crocin was intraperitoneal, at the dose of 30 mg/kg every day, 24 h after BDL surgery up to thirty days. The results showed that TFAM, PGC-1α, and SOD were decreased following cholestasis; while, CAT was increased. In addition, Crocin restored the effects of cholestasis on the level of TFAM, PGC-1α, and SOD. In conclusion, Crocin may have improvement effects on cholestasis-induced neuroinflammation in the rat's striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad-Reza Eteghadi
- Department of Biology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nasehi
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Salar Vaseghi
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Hesami-Tackallou
- Department of Biology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran.
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Shaheen MJ, Bekdash AM, Itani HA, Borjac JM. Saffron extract attenuates neuroinflammation in rmTBI mouse model by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation via SIRT1. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257211. [PMID: 34506597 PMCID: PMC8432768 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a major cause of morbidity and disability worldwide and a healthcare burden. TBI is an important risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases hallmarked by exacerbated neuroinflammation. Neuroinflammation in the cerebral cortex plays a critical role in secondary injury progression following TBI. The NOD-like receptors (NLR) family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a key player in initiating the inflammatory response in various central nervous system disorders entailing TBI. This current study aims to investigate the role of NLRP3 in repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (rmTBI) and identify the potential neuroprotective effect of saffron extract in regulating the NLRP3 inflammasome. 24 hours following the final injury, rmTBI causes an upregulation in mRNA levels of NLRP3, caspase-1, the apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), interleukin-1Beta (IL-1β), interleukin 18 (IL-18), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1). Protein levels of NLRP3, sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1), and neuronal nuclei (Neu N) also increased after rmTBI. Administration of saffron alleviated the degree of TBI, as evidenced by reducing the neuronal damage, astrocyte, and microglial activation. Pretreatment with saffron inhibited the activation of NLRP3, caspase-1, and ASC concurrent to reduced production of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. Additionally, saffron extract enhanced SIRT1 expression, NRF2, and HMOX1 upregulation. These results suggest that NLRP3 inflammasome activation and the subsequent inflammatory response in the mice cortex are involved in the process of rmTBI. Saffron blocked the inflammatory response and relieved TBI by activating detoxifying genes and inhibiting NLRP3 activation. The effect of saffron on the NLRP3 inflammasome may be SIRT1 and NF-κB dependent in the rmTBI model. Thus, brain injury biomarkers will help in identifying a potential therapeutic target in treating TBI-induced neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam J. Shaheen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Debbieh, Lebanon
| | - Amira M. Bekdash
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hana A. Itani
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Jamilah M. Borjac
- Department of Biological Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Debbieh, Lebanon
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Kumar N, Perez-Novo C, Shaw P, Logie E, Privat-Maldonado A, Dewilde S, Smits E, Berghe WV, Bogaerts A. Physical plasma-derived oxidants sensitize pancreatic cancer cells to ferroptotic cell death. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 166:187-200. [PMID: 33636332 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite modern therapeutic advances, the survival prospects of pancreatic cancer patients remain poor, due to chemoresistance and dysregulated oncogenic kinase signaling networks. We applied a novel kinome activity-mapping approach using biological peptide targets as phospho-sensors to identify vulnerable kinase dependencies for therapy sensitization by physical plasma. Ser/Thr-kinome specific activity changes were mapped upon induction of ferroptotic cell death in pancreatic tumor cells exposed to reactive oxygen and nitrogen species of plasma-treated water (PTW). This revealed a broad kinome activity response involving the CAMK, the AGC and CMGC family of kinases. This systems-level kinome network response supports stress adaptive switches between chemoresistant anti-oxidant responses of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1)/Heme Oxygenase 1 (HMOX1) and ferroptotic cell death sensitization upon suppression of Nuclear factor (erythroid derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2) and Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). This is further supported by ex vivo experiments in the chicken chorioallantoic membrane assay, showing decreased GPX4 and Glutathione (GSH) expression as well as increased lipid peroxidation, along with suppressed BxPC-3 tumor growth in response to PTW. Taken all together, we demonstrate that plasma treated water-derived oxidants sensitize pancreatic cancer cells to ferroptotic cell death by targeting a NRF2-HMOX1-GPX4 specific kinase signaling network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Kumar
- Research Group PLASMANT, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, 2610, Belgium; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, 781125, Guwahati, Assam, India.
| | - Claudina Perez-Novo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Protein Science, Proteomics & Epigenetic Signalling, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, 2610, Belgium
| | - Priyanka Shaw
- Research Group PLASMANT, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, 2610, Belgium; Solid Tumor Immunology Group, Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp, 2610, Belgium
| | - Emilie Logie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Protein Science, Proteomics & Epigenetic Signalling, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, 2610, Belgium
| | - Angela Privat-Maldonado
- Research Group PLASMANT, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, 2610, Belgium; Solid Tumor Immunology Group, Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp, 2610, Belgium
| | - Sylvia Dewilde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Protein Science, Proteomics & Epigenetic Signalling, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, 2610, Belgium
| | - Evelien Smits
- Solid Tumor Immunology Group, Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp, 2610, Belgium
| | - Wim Vanden Berghe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Protein Science, Proteomics & Epigenetic Signalling, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, 2610, Belgium.
| | - Annemie Bogaerts
- Research Group PLASMANT, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, 2610, Belgium.
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Chen X, Huang J, Lv Y, Chen Y, Rao J. Crocin exhibits an antihypertensive effect in a rat model of gestational hypertension and activates the Nrf-2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Hypertens Res 2021; 44:642-650. [PMID: 33442028 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-020-00609-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Gestational hypertension is a leading cause of both prenatal and maternal mortality and morbidity; however, there have been rather limited advances in the management of gestational hypertension in recent years. There has been evidence supporting the antihypertensive properties of crocin, but the specific mechanism is still unclear. N-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) was employed to establish a rat model with a preeclampsia-like phenotype, particularly gestational hypertension. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were conducted to determine the levels of placental growth factor (PlGF) and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase (sFlt-1); the levels of the circulating cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α; and oxidative stress factors. Quantitative RT-PCR assays were performed to assess the transcript levels of various cytokines in the placenta, and western blot assays were carried out to evaluate the protein levels of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and nuclear factor-erythroid 2-like 2 (Nrf-2). Treatment with crocin reduced the blood pressure of rats with gestational hypertension, which was accompanied by suppressed circulating levels of PlGF and sFlt-1. Crocin further alleviated the inflammatory signals and oxidative stress in the serum, as well as in placental tissues, in rats with L-NAME-induced hypertension. Crocin treatment also improved pregnancy outcomes in terms of fetal survival, fetal weight, and the fetal/placental weight ratio. Finally, in hypertension elicited by L-NAME, crocin stimulated the placental Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway. Crocin alleviated inflammatory and oxidative stress in placental tissues, thereby protecting against gestational hypertension, one of the major phenotypes of preeclampsia, and activated the Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, No. 250 East Street, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Jingying Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, No. 250 East Street, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Yuchun Lv
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, No. 250 East Street, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Youfang Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Quanzhou Medical College, Quanzhou, 362011, Fujian, China
| | - Jinghong Rao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, No. 250 East Street, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China.
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Hoseini M, Sharifi S, Sazgarnia A. The Influence of Anionic, Cationic Surfactant and AOT/Water/Heptane Reverse Micelle on Photophysical Properties of Crocin: Compare with RPMI Effect. J Fluoresc 2020; 30:665-677. [PMID: 32338327 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-020-02525-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Encapsulation of crocin (CN), having large nonlinear optical (NLO) properties, can be utilized in studies of photodynamic therapy (PDT). For this purpose, photo-physical and NLO properties of CN encapsulation with and without cell culture medium (CCM) were investigated. As well, nonlinear absorption (NLA) coefficient and nonlinear refractive (NLR) indices were found to be 10-7 (cm W-1) and 10-12 (cm2 W-1); respectively. The results revealed that NLO properties of CN had changed through its dipole moment. Reflecting on the theory of Bilot and Kawski, it was evidenced that the dipole moment of CN could change with a nano-droplet size. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that RPMI-1640 as a growth medium had failed to change NLO properties of CN encapsulated in nano-droplet. Accordingly, the encapsulated CN in nano-droplet in the form of a photosensitizer (PS) was suggested as a good candidate to examine PDT under in-vitro conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Hoseini
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Medical Physics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Soheil Sharifi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ameneh Sazgarnia
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Physics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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18
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Bueno-Silva B, Rosalen PL, Alencar SM, Mayer MPA. Vestitol drives LPS-activated macrophages into M2 phenotype through modulation of NF-κB pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 82:106329. [PMID: 32114412 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we demonstrated the anti-inflammatory properties of vestitol in a neutrophil model. Here, we show the effects of vestitol on macrophage activation and function. Vestitol was obtained from Brazilian red propolis after bioguided fractionation and tested at different concentrations in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 murine macrophages for nitric oxide (NO) production and cell viability. The levels of TNF-α, IL1-β, TGF-β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, GM-CSF, IFN-ɣ and gene expression related to cytokines, NO, PI3K-AKT and signal transduction pathways were assayed by ELISA and RT-qPCR, respectively. Differences were determined by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey-Kramer. Vestitol inhibited NO production by 83% at 0.55 μM without affecting cell viability when compared to the vehicle control (P < 0.05). Treatment with vestitol reduced GM-CSF, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-4 and TGF-β levels and increased IL-10 release (P < 0.05). Vestitol affected the expression of genes related to NF-κB pathway, NO synthase, and inhibition of leukocyte transmigration, namely: Ccs, Ccng1, Calm1, Tnfsf15, Il11, Gata3, Gadd45b, Cdkn1b, Csf1, Ccl5, Birc3 (negatively regulated), and Igf1 (positively regulated). Vestitol diminished the activation of NF-κB and Erk 1/2 pathways and induced macrophages into M2-like polarization. The modulatory effects of vestitol are due to inhibition of NF-κB and Erk 1/2 signaling pathways, which are associated with the production of pro-inflammatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Bueno-Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Pedro L Rosalen
- Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Department of Physiological Sciences, P.O. Box 52, 13414-903, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Severino M Alencar
- Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, P.O. Box 9, 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcia P A Mayer
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Radan M, Dianat M, Badavi M, Mard SA, Bayati V, Ahmadizadeh M. The Association of Cigarette Smoke Exposure with Lung Cellular Toxicity and Oxidative Stress: the Protective Role of Crocin. Inflammation 2020; 43:135-145. [PMID: 31659585 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-01102-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) contains many free radicals and toxic chemicals. Nuclear erythroid-related factor-2 (Nrf2) is a transcriptional regulator of several phase II antioxidant genes, including glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL). In this study, it was hypothesized that Crocin may mediate antioxidant signaling pathway to protect human lung epithelial cells against CS-mediated toxicity and oxidative stress via inducing glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis and activation of Nrf2 pathway. Alveolar epithelial cells (A549) were exposed to 1, 2.5 and 5% cigarette smoke extracts (CSE) with or without Crocin (500 μM). After 48 h exposure, the cytotoxicity, oxidant/antioxidant parameters and the Nrf2 pathway modification were assayed. Treatment of A549 cells with all concentrations of CSE dose dependently decreased cell viability, antioxidant levels, GCL and Nrf2 gene expression, which was associated with increased production of reactive oxygen species. Crocin not only restored CSE-depleted GSH levels by enhancing GCL expression via activation of Nrf2 but also quenched the CSE-generation and release of reactive oxygen species. Crocin attenuated CSE-mediated Nrf2 modifications, thereby inducing its nuclear accumulation associated with GCL gene transcription leading to enhanced GSH levels. By inducing GSH synthesis, Crocin attenuates CSE-mediated GSH depletion and protects cells against CSE-induced oxidative stress via Nrf2 pathway. These results may have implications in dietary modulation of natural antioxidants in treatment of pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Radan
- Department of Physiology, Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mahin Dianat
- Department of Physiology, Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Badavi
- Department of Physiology, Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyyed Ali Mard
- Department of Physiology, Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Vahid Bayati
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Ahmadizadeh
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, School of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR, Iran
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Baradaran Rahim V, Khammar MT, Rakhshandeh H, Samzadeh-Kermani A, Hosseini A, Askari VR. Crocin protects cardiomyocytes against LPS-Induced inflammation. Pharmacol Rep 2019; 71:1228-1234. [PMID: 31670059 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis causes organ dysfunctions via elevation of oxidative stress and inflammation. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the major surface molecule of most gram-negative bacteria and routinely used as a sepsis model in investigation studies. Crocin is an active compound of saffron which has different pharmacological properties such as anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory. In this research, the protective effect of crocin was evaluated against LPS-induced toxicity in the embryonic cardiomyocyte cell line (H9c2). METHODS The cells were pre-treated with different concentration of crocin (10, 20 and 40 μM) for 24 h, and then LPS was added (10 μg/ml) for another 24 h. Afterward, the percentage of cell viability and the levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, PGE2, IL-1β, and IL-6), gene expression levels (TNF-α, COX-2, IL-1β, IL-6, and iNOS), and the level of nitric oxide (NO) and thiol were measured. RESULTS Our results showed that LPS reduced cell viability, increased the levels of cytokines, gene-expression, nitric oxide, and thiol. Crocin attenuated the LPS-induced toxicity in H9c2 cells via reducing the levels of inflammatory factors (TNF-α, PGE2, IL-1β, and IL-6, p < 0.001), gene expression (TNF-α, COX-2, IL-1β, IL-6, and iNOS, p < 0.001), and NO (p < 0.001), whereas increased the level of thiol content (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The observed results revealed that crocin has preventive effects on the LPS induced sepsis and its cardiac toxicity in-vitro model. Probably, these findings are related to anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties of crocin. However, performing further animal studies are necessary to support the therapeutic effects of crocin in septic shock cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vafa Baradaran Rahim
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Student Research Committee, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Khammar
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - Hassan Rakhshandeh
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Student Research Committee, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Azar Hosseini
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Vahid Reza Askari
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Student Research Committee, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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21
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Azizi M, Abbasi N, Mohamadpour M, Bakhtiyari S, Asadi S, Shirzadpour E, Aidy A, Mohamadpour M, Amraei M. Investigating the effect of Crocus sativus L. petal hydroalcoholic extract on inflammatory and enzymatic indices resulting from alcohol use in kidney and liver of male rats. J Inflamm Res 2019; 12:269-283. [PMID: 31632125 PMCID: PMC6790211 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s216125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies have shown that consumption of high levels of alcohol causes many negative effects on the liver and kidneys where antioxidant ingredients can be a proper solution to reducing the resulting damages. So, the present study investigated the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Crocus sativus L. (saffron) petal with antioxidant properties on the changes in inflammatory and enzymatic indices resulting from alcohol use in the male rats’ kidney and liver. Materials and methods After preparing the extract, LD50 was determined and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was employed to specify the type and the rate of the active ingredients of the extract. Then, 36 male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into six groups (n=6). The first group was only administered with normal saline and the second group only received ethyl alcohol 6 mL/kg/day·BW. The third and the fourth groups received ethyl alcohol 6 mL/kg/day·BW plus 167.5 and 335 mg/kg/day·BW saffron petal extract for 8 weeks. The fifth and the sixth groups received ethyl alcohol 6 mL/kg/day·BW for the first 8 weeks and were subsequently gavage fed on saffron extract for 167.5 and 335 mg/kg/day·BW, respectively, during the next 8 weeks. In the beginning and after the termination of the treatment, blood samples were collected from all rats. Results The LD50 of the extract was about 670 mg/kg. The HPLC results indicated that the extract contains important antioxidant ingredients. At the end of the study, the serum concentration of the inflammatory indices, renal enzymes, and hepatic enzymes experienced a significant reduction in all of the intervened groups compared to the negative control group (minimum significant difference: P<0.05) except for the treatment group 1. Conclusion Based on the current results, the extract has a protective effect in a dosage-dependent way and greater protective roles were documented for higher dosages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monireh Azizi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Naser Abbasi
- Biotechnology and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Mohamadpour
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Salar Bakhtiyari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Sirous Asadi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Ehsan Shirzadpour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Ali Aidy
- Biotechnology and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Mohamadpour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Mansour Amraei
- Biotechnology and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
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Rao SV, Hemalatha P, Yetish S, Muralidhara M, Rajini PS. Prophylactic neuroprotective propensity of Crocin, a carotenoid against rotenone induced neurotoxicity in mice: behavioural and biochemical evidence. Metab Brain Dis 2019; 34:1341-1353. [PMID: 31214956 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-019-00451-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Previously we have demonstrated the potential neuroprotective propensity of saffron and Crocin (CR) employing a Drosophila model of Parkinsonism. Rotenone (ROT) has been extensively used as a model neurotoxin to induce Parkinson's disease (PD) like symptoms in mice. In the present study, as a proof of concept we evaluated the efficacy of CR prophylaxis (25 mg/ kg bw/d, 7d) to attenuate ROT(0.5 mg/Kg bw/d,7d) -induced neurotoxic effects in male mice focussing on neurobehavioural assessments and biochemical determinants in the striatum. CR prophylaxis significantly alleviated ROT-induced behavioural alterations such as increased anxiety, diminished exploratory behaviour, decreased motor co-ordination, and grip strength. Concomitantly, we evidenced diminution of oxidative stress markers, enhanced levels of antioxidant enzyme and mitochondrial enzyme function in the striatal region. Further, varying degree of restoration of cholinergic function, dopamine and α-synuclein levels were discernible suggesting the possible mechanism/s of action of CR in this model. Based on our earlier data in flies and in worm model, we propose its use as an adjuvant therapeutic agent in oxidative stress-mediated neurodegenerative conditions such as PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriranjini Venkata Rao
- Department of Biochemistry, Mysuru, India.
- Food Protectants and Infestation Control Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysuru, Karnataka, 570 020, India.
| | - P Hemalatha
- Food Protectants and Infestation Control Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysuru, Karnataka, 570 020, India
| | - S Yetish
- Food Protectants and Infestation Control Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysuru, Karnataka, 570 020, India
| | | | - Padmanabhan S Rajini
- Food Protectants and Infestation Control Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysuru, Karnataka, 570 020, India
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Jalili C, Ghanbari A, Roshankhah S, Salahshoor MR. Toxic Effects of Methotrexate on Rat Kidney Recovered by Crocin as a Consequence of Antioxidant Activity and Lipid Peroxidation Prevention. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2019. [PMID: 31454862 PMCID: PMC6900476 DOI: 10.29252/ibj.24.1.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background The application of methotrexate (MTX) as a chemotherapy agent and immune system suppressant has various side effects. Crocin, a xanthine derivative plant, has many therapeutic benefits. This study was planned to assess the effect of crocin on renal toxicity of MTX in a rat model. Methods Forty eight rats were divided randomly into eight groups (n = 6), which received normal saline, MTX, crocin, and MTX + crocin for 28 days intraperitoneally. The levels of oxidative stress in kidney and blood serum were measured, and the kidney was analyzed histologically. Results MTX caused an enhancement in the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and biochemical marker (creatinine and BUN). Besides, a significant decrease was observed in tissue parameters and antioxidant capacity compared to the normal control group (p < 0.001). The crocin and crocin + MTX decreased the biochemical markers, the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive species, and tissue parameters considerably at entire dose (12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg) and enhanced the antioxidant capacity levels compared to the MTX group (p < 0.001). Conclusion Administration of crocin improves the damage caused by MTX in rats. The crocin by the establishment of balance in the levels of antioxidant prevents the damage to the renal cell membrane, and subsequently the renal damage repairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrus Jalili
- 1Medical Biology Research Center, Department of Anatomical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah Ave., Taghbostan, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ali Ghanbari
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Medical School, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Shiva Roshankhah
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Medical School, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Salahshoor
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Medical School, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Moderating effects of crocin on some stress oxidative markers in rat brain following demyelination with ethidium bromide. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01213. [PMID: 30815598 PMCID: PMC6378371 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Crocin on oxidative markers (GPx, SOD, MDA) in animal model of demyelination with Ethidium bromide (EB). Methods Female Wistar rats were assigned in to 4 groups; Sham, with no receiving any agent (Sham), Sham Operated group with injection of EB into the brain received no agent (SO), Sham Treatment group with injection of EB and receiving PBS as vehicle and Treatment group with injection of EB and receiving Crocin (100 mg/kg). Demyelination was induced by single dose injection of 10 μl of EB 0.1% into the Cisterna magna of the brain. Crocin was diluted and applied to each animal for 21 days, once per day gavage. The levels of oxidative markers (GPx, SOD and MDA) were measured by related standard kits. Data were analyzed by paired t-test and ANOVA with post hoc test. Results The results showed that crocin decreases the levels of GPx and SOD significantly as well as MDA level after 21 days (α ≤ 0.05). In addition, results showed that there were significant differences in the GPx, SOD and MDA levels between all groups at post treatment phase (α ≤ 0.05). Conclusion It can be concluded that crocin can moderate the level of oxidative markers after demyelination of the brain cells in MS cases. Due to this effect, crocin can be considered as an effective anti-oxidant in management of degenerative nervous system diseases.
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Park EJ, Kim YM, Kim HJ, Chang KC. Luteolin activates ERK1/2- and Ca 2+-dependent HO-1 induction that reduces LPS-induced HMGB1, iNOS/NO, and COX-2 expression in RAW264.7 cells and mitigates acute lung injury of endotoxin mice. Inflamm Res 2018; 67:445-453. [PMID: 29497773 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-018-1137-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although luteolin has shown to have anti-inflammatory action, no report is available whether luteolin inhibits HMGB1 and protects acute lung injury (ALI) in endotoxin rodents. We hypothesized that HO-1 induction by luteolin might play a crucial role for inhibition of pro-inflammatory mediators including HMGB1 through MAPK signaling in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells, and it ameliorates ALI of endotoxin mice. METHODS The effects of luteolin on the production of pro-inflammatory mediators in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells and LPS-injected mice were evaluated. The mechanisms were investigated using various signal inhibitors. RESULTS Luteolin significantly increased HO-1 expression through ERK1/2 signaling in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Indeed, luteolin inhibited pro-inflammatory mediators (HMGB1, iNOS/NO, COX-2, and NF-κB activity) in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells. In addition, PD98059, an ERK1/2 inhibitor, treatment failed to inhibit production of these pro-inflammatory mediators by luteolin. Interestingly, luteolin augmented HO-1 induction through Ca2+ influx in RAW264.7 cells. Administration of luteolin significantly inhibited plasma HMGB1 level, and iNOS expression in the lung that resulted in a significant reduction of ALI in endotoxin mice that was reversed by a HO-1 inhibitor, ZnPPIX. CONCLUSION Therefore, we conclude that luteolin has a great potential for treatment of ALI and related diseases, where HMGB1 is a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jung Park
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52527, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52527, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52527, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Churl Chang
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52527, Republic of Korea.
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Yorgun MA, Rashid K, Aslanidis A, Bresgen C, Dannhausen K, Langmann T. Crocin, a plant-derived carotenoid, modulates microglial reactivity. Biochem Biophys Rep 2017; 12:245-250. [PMID: 29214225 PMCID: PMC5704034 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia activation plays an important role in immune responses in the CNS including the retina. Crocin, a plant-derived carotenoid, has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidative capacity in models of retinal damage and degeneration. If these neuroprotective effects could be mediated by direct modulation of microglial cells is unclear. Here, we examined the direct effects of crocin on key functions and pro-inflammatory gene expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated BV-2 microglia. We found that crocin stimulation strongly promoted filopodia formation and markedly increased microglial phagocytosis, two important parameters relevant for physiological microglia functions. Moreover, crocin significantly reduced gene expression of the pro-inflammatory markers IL6, CCL2, and iNOS in LPS-challenged BV-2 cells and potently blocked NO production in these microglia. The observed immunomodulatory effects of crocin were not mediated by general inhibition of NFkB nuclear translocation. Our findings indicate that many of the anti-inflammatory effects of crocin demonstrated in animal models of neuronal degeneration could be mediated by its direct effects on microglia homeostasis. Crocin promotes microglial filopodia formation. Crocin induces the phagocytic capacity of microglia. Crocin dampens LPS-induced pro-inflammatory gene expression and lowers nitric oxide production in microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mücella Arikan Yorgun
- Laboratory for Experimental Immunology of the Eye, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Khalid Rashid
- Laboratory for Experimental Immunology of the Eye, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Aslanidis
- Laboratory for Experimental Immunology of the Eye, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Charlotte Bresgen
- Laboratory for Experimental Immunology of the Eye, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Katharina Dannhausen
- Laboratory for Experimental Immunology of the Eye, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Langmann
- Laboratory for Experimental Immunology of the Eye, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
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Anti-inflammatory mechanisms of neovestitol from Brazilian red propolis in LPS-activated macrophages. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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Jin X, Xu Z, Cao J, Yan R, Xu R, Ran R, Ma Y, Cai W, Fan R, Zhang Y, Zhou X, Li Y. HO-1/EBP interaction alleviates cholesterol-induced hypoxia through the activation of the AKT and Nrf2/mTOR pathways and inhibition of carbohydrate metabolism in cardiomyocytes. Int J Mol Med 2017; 39:1409-1420. [PMID: 28487965 PMCID: PMC5428940 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.2979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an inducible and cytoprotective enzyme that provides a defense against oxidant damage. The present study screened 137 HO-1/interacting proteins using a profound co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) coupled with proteomics, and profiled the global HO-1 interactome network, including oxidative phosphorylation, endoplasmic reticulum and transport vesicle functions. Among these molecules, we observed that a novel interactor, emopamil-binding protein (EBP), is closely related to the cholesterol metabolism process. This study demonstrated that cholesterol promotes excessive oxidative stress and alters the energy metabolism in cardiomyocytes, further triggering numerous cardiovascular diseases. We observed that cholesterol caused the overexpression of EBP and HO-1 by the activation of AKT and Nrf2/mTOR pathways. In addition, HO-1 and EBP performed a myocardial protective function. The overexpression of HO-1 alleviated the cholesterol-induced excessive oxidative stress status by inhibition of the carbohydrate metabolism. Notably, we also confirmed that the loss of partial HO-1 activity aggravated the oxidative damage and cardiac systolic function induced by a high-fat diet in HO-1 heterozygous (HO-1+/−) mice. These findings indicate that the HO-1/EBP interaction plays a protective role in alleviating the dysfunction of oxidative stress and cardiac systolic function induced by cholesterol stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Jin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Tianjin 300162, P.R. China
| | - Zhongwei Xu
- Central Laboratory, Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300309, P.R. China
| | - Jin Cao
- Department of Basic Medicine, Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300309, P.R. China
| | - Rui Yan
- Central Laboratory, Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300309, P.R. China
| | - Ruicheng Xu
- Department of Basic Medicine, Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300309, P.R. China
| | - Ruiqiong Ran
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Tianjin 300162, P.R. China
| | - Yongqiang Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Tianjin 300162, P.R. China
| | - Wei Cai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Tianjin 300162, P.R. China
| | - Rong Fan
- Central Laboratory, Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300309, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300309, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Tianjin 300162, P.R. China
| | - Yuming Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Tianjin 300162, P.R. China
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Yang X, Huo F, Liu B, Liu J, Chen T, Li J, Zhu Z, Lv B. Crocin Inhibits Oxidative Stress and Pro-inflammatory Response of Microglial Cells Associated with Diabetic Retinopathy Through the Activation of PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway. J Mol Neurosci 2017; 61:581-589. [PMID: 28238066 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-017-0899-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a serious microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus that is closely associated with the degeneration and loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) caused by diabetic microangiopathy and subsequent oxidative stress and an inflammatory response. Microglial cells are classed as neurogliocytes and play a significant role in neurodegenerative diseases. Over-activated microglial cells may cause neurotoxicity and induce the death and apoptosis of RGCs. Crocin is one of the two most pharmacologically bioactive constituents in saffron. In the present study, we focused on the role of microglial cells in DR, suggesting that DR may cause the over-activation of microglial cells and induce oxidative stress and the release of pro-inflammatory factors. Microglial cells BV-2 and N9 were cultured, and high-glucose (HG) and free fatty acid (FFA) were used to simulate diabetes. The results showed that HG-FFA co-treatment caused the up-regulated expression of CD11b and Iba-1, indicating that BV-2 and N9 cells were over-activated. Moreover, oxidative stress markers and pro-inflammatory factors were significantly enhanced by HG-FFA treatment. We found that crocin prevented the oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory response induced by HG-FFA co-treatment. Moreover, using the PI3K/Akt inhibitor LY294002, we revealed that PI3K/Akt signaling plays a significant role in blocking oxidative stress, suppressing the pro-inflammatory response, and maintaining the neuroprotective effects of crocin. In total, these results provide a new insight into DR and DR-induced oxidative stress and the inflammatory response, which provide a potential therapeutic target for neuronal damage, vision loss, and other DR-induced complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinguang Yang
- Shaanxi Ophthalmic Medical Center, Xi'an No. 4 Hospital, Guangren Hospital Affiliated to School of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 21 Jiefang Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuquan Huo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Bei Liu
- Shaanxi Ophthalmic Medical Center, Xi'an No. 4 Hospital, Guangren Hospital Affiliated to School of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 21 Jiefang Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- Shaanxi Ophthalmic Medical Center, Xi'an No. 4 Hospital, Guangren Hospital Affiliated to School of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 21 Jiefang Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology and K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Junping Li
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongqiao Zhu
- Shaanxi Ophthalmic Medical Center, Xi'an No. 4 Hospital, Guangren Hospital Affiliated to School of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 21 Jiefang Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bochang Lv
- Shaanxi Ophthalmic Medical Center, Xi'an No. 4 Hospital, Guangren Hospital Affiliated to School of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 21 Jiefang Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, People's Republic of China.
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Kamyar M, Razavi BM, Hasani FV, Mehri S, Foroutanfar A, Hosseinzadeh H. Crocin prevents haloperidol-induced orofacial dyskinesia: possible an antioxidant mechanism. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2016; 19:1070-1079. [PMID: 27872703 PMCID: PMC5110655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Long-term treatment with antipsychotics causes serious side effects such as tardive dyskinesia that characterized by abnormal movements in the orofacial region. Oxidative stress in the brain specific area is implicated in the pathophysiology of tardive dyskinesia. In this study the protective effect of crocin on haloperidol-induced orofacial dyskinesia was evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Haloperidol (1 mg/kg, IP) and crocin (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg, IP) were administrated to rats for 21 days. Behavioral assessments such as orofacial dyskinesia movements, open field test and elevated plus maze (EPM) were evaluated every week. Malondealdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels in the hippocampus, cortex and striatum were also measured. RESULTS Haloperidol increased vacuous chewing movements (VCMs) and tongue protrusions (TPs) in rats and co-administration of crocin (20 and 40 mg/kg) significantly reduced them. Furthermore, haloperidol decreased the locomotor and exploratory activities (rearing) in the open field test and decreased the percentage of entries into open arms and the percentage of the time spent on open arms in the EPM. Pretreatment with crocin (10 mg/kg) modified haloperidol effects on these behavioral parameters. Haloperidol induced lipid peroxidation in three brain regions, whereas crocin co-administration reduced the MDA and restored the decreased GSH levels. CONCLUSION Our finding suggests that oxidative stress has an important role in the development of tardive dyskinesia. Crocin showed protective effect against haloperidol induced tardive dyskinesia and as a potent naturally antioxidant could be a new and useful drug and a possible therapeutic option for the treatment of tardive dyskinesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzyeh Kamyar
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bibi Marjan Razavi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Soghra Mehri
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Foroutanfar
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Corresponding author: Hossein Hosseinzadeh. Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Tel: +98-51-38819042; Fax: +98-51-38823251;
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Boskabady MH, Farkhondeh T. Antiinflammatory, Antioxidant, and Immunomodulatory Effects of Crocus sativus L. and its Main Constituents. Phytother Res 2016; 30:1072-94. [PMID: 27098287 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Crocus sativus L. (C. sativus), commonly known as saffron, is used as a food additive, preservative, and medicinal herb. Traditionally, it has been used as an alternative treatment for different diseases. C. sativus' medicinal effects are related to its major constituents like crocins, crocetin, and safranal. According to the literature, C. sativus and its constituents could be considered as an effective treatment for neurodegenerative disorders, coronary artery diseases, asthma, bronchitis, colds, fever, diabetes, and so on. Recently, numerous studies have reported such medicinal properties and found that the underlying mechanisms of action may be mediated by antioxidant, inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. C. sativus enhances the antioxidant capacity and acts as a free radical scavenger. As an antiinflammatory and immunomodulatory agent, it modulates inflammatory mediators, humoral immunity, and cell-mediated immunity responses. This review highlights in vitro and animal findings regarding antiinflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects of C. sativus and its constituents. Present review found that the C. sativus and its main constituents such as safranal, crocins, and crocetin could be effective against various diseases because of their antioxidant, anti-inflammation, and immunomodulatory effects. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hossein Boskabady
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Centre and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 9177948564, Iran
| | - Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Centre and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 9177948564, Iran
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Crocin protects against doxorubicin-induced myocardial toxicity in rats through down-regulation of inflammatory and apoptic pathways. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 247:39-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Li K, Li Y, Ma Z, Zhao J. Crocin exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-catabolic effects on rat intervertebral discs by suppressing the activation of JNK. Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:1291-9. [PMID: 26648423 PMCID: PMC4601741 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
As intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration has been proven to contribute to low back pain (LBP), drug treatment aiming at attenuating IVD degeneration may prove to be benefiical. Crocin, a bioactive component of saffron, has been found to exert anti-inflammatory effects on cartilage. In the present study, the anti-inflammatory and anti-catabolic effects of crocin on rat IVDs were analyzed in vitro and ex vivo. Nucleus pulposus (NP) cells were isolated from the lumbar IVDs of Sprague-Dawley rats. The NP cells were first treated with various concentrations of crocin, and then stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce inflammation. Subsequently, RT-qPCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were carried out to measure the expression levels of catabolic enzymes, pro-inflammatory factors and the components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). In addition, western blot analysis was also used to investigate the related signaling pathways. The whole spinal motion segment (vertebra-IVD-vertebra section) of the rats was isolated and cultured in the presence or absence of LPS and crocin for 7 days. The ex vivo effects of crocin on the ECM of the IVD structures were determined by histological and biochemical analysis. In vitro, crocin significantly inhibited the LPS-induced overexpression of catabolic enzymes [matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP-3, MMP-13, a disintegrin-like and metalloprotease (reprolysin type) with thrombospondin type 1 motif (ADAMTS)-4 and ADAMTS‑5], pro-inflammatory factors [interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-6 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)] and Toll-like receptor (TLR)‑2 in a concentration-dependent manner. Notably, crocin partly prevented the downregulation of aggrecan and type II collagen (collagen‑II). Moreover, crocin suppressed the LPS-induced activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway by inhibiting the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Ex vivo experiments demonstrated that crocin protected the rat IVDs from the LPS-induced depletion of the ECM components, including proteoglycan and collagen-II. In conclusion, crocin effectively suppressed the degeneration-related inflammation and catabolism in rat IVDs in vitro and ex vivo, suggesting that crocin has potential for use as a therapuetic strategy in the treatment of LBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Yan Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Zhenjiang Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
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Razavi BM, Hosseinzadeh H. Saffron as an antidote or a protective agent against natural or chemical toxicities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 23:31. [PMID: 25928729 PMCID: PMC4418072 DOI: 10.1186/s40199-015-0112-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Saffron (Crocus sativus) is an extensively used food additive for its color and taste. Since ancient times this plant has been introduced as a marvelous medicine throughout the world. The wide spectrum of saffron pharmacological activities is related to its major constituents including crocin, crocetin and safranal. Based on several studies, saffron and its active ingredients have been used as an antioxidant, antiinflammatory and antinociceptive, antidepressant, antitussive, anticonvulsant, memory enhancer, hypotensive and anticancer. According to the literatures, saffron has remarkable therapeutic effects. The protective effects of saffron and its main constituents in different tissues including brain, heart, liver, kidney and lung have been reported against some toxic materials either natural or chemical toxins in animal studies. In this review article, we have summarized different in vitro and animal studies in scientific databases which investigate the antidotal and protective effects of saffron and its major components against natural toxins and chemical-induced toxicities. Due to the lake of human studies, further investigations are required to ascertain the efficacy of saffron as an antidote or a protective agent in human intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibi Marjan Razavi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Punicalagin Induces Nrf2/HO-1 Expression via Upregulation of PI3K/AKT Pathway and Inhibits LPS-Induced Oxidative Stress in RAW264.7 Macrophages. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:380218. [PMID: 25969626 PMCID: PMC4417599 DOI: 10.1155/2015/380218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Revised: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress are thought to play a central role in potentiating macrophage activation, causing excessive inflammation, tissue damage, and sepsis. Recently, we have shown that punicalagin (PUN) exhibits anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-stimulated macrophages. However, the potential antioxidant effects of PUN in macrophages remain unclear. Revealing these effects will help understand the mechanism underlying its ability to inhibit excessive macrophage activation. Hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) exhibits antioxidant activity in macrophages. Therefore, we hypothesized that HO-1 is a potential target of PUN and tried to reveal its antioxidant mechanism. Here, PUN treatment increased HO-1 expression together with its upstream mediator nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2). However, specific inhibition of Nrf2 by brusatol (a specific Nrf2 inhibitor) dramatically blocked PUN-induced HO-1 expression. Previous research has demonstrated that the PI3K/Akt pathway plays a critical role in modulating Nrf2/HO-1 protein expression as an upstream signaling molecule. Here, LY294002, a specific PI3K/Akt inhibitor, suppressed PUN-induced HO-1 expression and led to ROS accumulation in macrophages. Furthermore, PUN inhibited LPS-induced oxidative stress in macrophages by reducing ROS and NO generation and increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) 1 mRNA expression. These findings provide new perspectives for novel therapeutic approaches using antioxidant medicines and compounds against oxidative stress and excessive inflammatory diseases including tissue damage, sepsis, and endotoxemic shock.
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