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Li J, Daida YG, Bacong AM, Rosales AG, Frankland TB, Varga A, Chung S, Fortmann SP, Waitzfelder B, Palaniappan L. Trends in cigarette smoking and the risk of incident cardiovascular disease among Asian American, Pacific Islander, and multiracial populations. Am J Prev Cardiol 2024; 19:100688. [PMID: 39070025 PMCID: PMC11278113 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States, and rates of CVD incidence vary widely by race and ethnicity. Cigarette smoking is associated with increased risk of CVD. The purpose of the study was: 1) to examine smoking prevalence over time across Asian and Pacific Islander (API) and multi-race API subgroups; 2) to determine whether the CVD risk associated with smoking differed among these subgroups. Methods We identified patients belonging to 7 single race/ethnicity groups, 4 multi-race/ethnicity groups, and a non-Hispanic White (NHW) comparison group at two large health systems in Hawaii and California. We estimated annual smoking prevalence from 2011 through 2018 by group and gender. We examined incidence of CVD events by smoking status and race/ethnicity, and computed hazard ratios for CVD events by age, gender, race/ethnicity, census block median household income, census block college degree, and study site using Cox regression. Results Of the 12 groups studied, the Asian Indian and Chinese American groups had the lowest smoking prevalence, and the Asian + Pacific Islander multiracial group had the highest smoking prevalence. The prevalence of smoking decreased from 2011 to 2018 for all groups. Multi-race/ethnicity groups had higher risk of CVD than the NHW group. There was no significant interaction between race/ethnicity and smoking in models predicting CVD, but the association between race/ethnicity and CVD incidence was attenuated after adjusting for smoking status. Conclusions There is considerable heterogeneity in smoking prevalence and the risk of CVD among API subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Li
- Sutter Health Center for Health Systems Research/Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Yihe G. Daida
- Center for Integrated Health Care Research, Kaiser Permanente Hawaii, USA
| | | | | | | | - Alexandra Varga
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Sukyung Chung
- Sutter Health Center for Health Systems Research/Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | | | - Beth Waitzfelder
- Center for Integrated Health Care Research, Kaiser Permanente Hawaii, USA
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Pinto KP, Fidalgo TKDS, de Lima CO, Lopes RT, Freitas-Fernandes LB, Valente AP, Sassone LM, Silva EJNL. Chronic alcohol and nicotine consumption as catalyst for systemic inflammatory storm and bone destruction in apical periodontitis. Int Endod J 2024; 57:178-194. [PMID: 37966374 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
AIM To assess the periapical alveolar bone pattern and the serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines, biochemical markers and metabolites in rats subjected to chronic alcohol and nicotine consumption and induced apical periodontitis. METHODOLOGY Twenty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: Control, Alcohol, Nicotine and Alcohol+Nicotine. The alcohol groups were exposed to self-administration of a 25% alcohol solution, while the other groups were given only filtered water. The nicotine groups received daily intraperitoneal injections of a nicotine solution (0.19 μL of nicotine/mL), whereas the other groups received saline solution. Periapical lesions were induced by exposing the pulps of the left mandibular first molars for 28 days. After euthanasia, the mandibles were removed and the percentage bone volume, bone mineral density, trabecular thickness, trabecular separation and trabecular number of the periapical bone were measured using micro-computed tomography images. Serum samples were collected for analysis of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6 and TNF-α), biochemical and metabolomic analysis. Statistical analysis was performed with a significance level of 5%. Nonparametric data were analysed using the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn's test, while one-way anova followed by Tukey's test was performed for parametric data. RESULTS The groups exposed to alcohol or nicotine consumption exhibited an altered bone pattern indicating lower bone density and higher levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α compared to the Control group (p < .05). Significant differences were observed among the groups in the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, triglycerides, urea, creatinine, albumin, uric acid, bilirubin and calcium. Metabolomic analysis revealed significant differences in glycine, phosphocholine, lysine, lactate, valine, pyruvate and lipids (CH2 CH2 CO), n(CH2 ) and n(CH3 ). Most of these parameters were even more altered in the simultaneous consumption of both substances compared to single consumption. CONCLUSION Alcohol and nicotine chronic consumption altered several metabolic markers, impaired liver and kidney function, increased the production of systemic proinflammatory mediators and harmed the periapical bone microarchitecture in the presence of apical periodontitis. The simultaneous consumption of alcohol and nicotine intensified these detrimental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karem Paula Pinto
- Department of Integrated Clinical Procedures, School of Dentistry, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Kelly da Silva Fidalgo
- Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Tadeu Lopes
- Nuclear Engineering Program, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Liana Bastos Freitas-Fernandes
- National Center for Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Medical Biochemistry, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Valente
- National Center for Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Medical Biochemistry, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana Moura Sassone
- Department of Integrated Clinical Procedures, School of Dentistry, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal Silva
- Department of Integrated Clinical Procedures, School of Dentistry, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Departament of Endodontics, Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Zhilyaeva TV, Rukavishnikov GV, Manakova EA, Mazo GE. Serum Interleukin-6 in Schizophrenia: Associations with Clinical and Sociodemographic Characteristics. CONSORTIUM PSYCHIATRICUM 2023; 4:5-16. [PMID: 38618638 PMCID: PMC11009974 DOI: 10.17816/cp11067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently a significant part of schizophrenia studies have been focused on the role of cytokines, especially interleukin-6 (IL-6). Some authors have suggested a pathogenetic role for IL-6 in schizophrenia and concluded that therapy that centers on suppressing IL-6 activity may prove beneficial for certain categories of patients with the disorder. However, many questions about whether the changes in IL-6 levels in schizophrenia are primary, related to symptoms or caused by therapy, are concomitant metabolic disorders, are related to smoking or other secondary factors remain unanswered. AIM To assess the level of serum IL-6 in patients with schizophrenia in comparison with healthy controls, as well as to study its association with clinical and socio-demographic characteristics. METHODS Some 125 patients with schizophrenia and 95 healthy volunteers were examined. The evaluation of IL-6 was performed by enzyme immunoassay. All patients were assessed using standardized psychometric instruments. Information from patient medical records on the course of the disease and treatment was analyzed. RESULTS The level of IL-6 was significantly higher in the patients than in the healthy volunteers (z=2.58; p=0.0099), but among men the difference between the patients and volunteers was not significant. Statistically significant correlations were found between the level of serum IL-6 and the severity of the cognitive impairment of patients: (auditory [ρ=-0.31; p=0.00063] and working memory [ρ=-0.25; p=0.0065], hand-eye coordination [ρ=-0.29; p=0.0011], verbal fluency [ρ=-0.28; p=0.0019] and problem-solving capacity [ρ=-0.22; p=0.013]), total severity of schizophrenia symptoms (PANSS, ρ=0.22; p=0.016), PANSS positive subscale (ρ=0.18; p=0.048), and the age of manifestation (ρ=0.20; p=0.025) and disease duration (ρ=0.18; p=0.043). The level of IL-6 was the lowest in patients treated with third-generation antipsychotics, and the highest in those treated with first-generation antipsychotics (H=6.36; p=0.042). Moreover, in hospital patients, the level of IL-6 was significantly higher than in outpatients and inpatients hospitals (H=18.59; p=0.0001). CONCLUSION The study confirmed that there are associations between the serum IL-6 level and schizophrenia, the age of the patient, duration of the disease and how late in one's life cycle it began manifesting itself, as well as a number of clinical characteristics. Considering that IL-6 is associated with a wide range of symptoms that are loosely controlled by antipsychotics, this biochemical marker needs to be studied to look into how closely its level tracks with an unfavorable course of schizophrenia. That would require further prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana V. Zhilyaeva
- Privolzhsky Research Medical University
- V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Neurology
| | | | | | - Galina E. Mazo
- V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Neurology
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Al-Awaida W, Goh KW, Al-Ameer HJ, Gushchina YS, Torshin VI, Severin AE, Al Bawareed O, Srour B, Al Farraj J, Hamad I. Assessing the Protective Role of Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) against Water-Pipe Smoke-Induced Toxicity: A Comparative Study on Gene Expression and Histopathology. Molecules 2023; 28:7502. [PMID: 38005223 PMCID: PMC10673035 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to water-pipe smoking, whether flavored or unflavored, has been shown to instigate inflammation and oxidative stress in BALB/c mice. This consequently results in alterations in the expression of inflammatory markers and antioxidant genes. This study aimed to scrutinize the impact of Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)-a key active component of green tea-on inflammation and oxidative stress in BALB/c mice exposed to water-pipe smoke. The experimental setup included a control group, a flavored water-pipe smoke (FWP) group, an unflavored water-pipe smoke (UFWP) group, and EGCG-treated flavored and unflavored groups (FWP + EGCG and UFWP + EGCG). Expression levels of IL-6, IL1B, TNF-α, CAT, GPXI, MT-I, MT-II, SOD-I, SOD-II, and SOD-III were evaluated in lung, liver, and kidney tissues. Histopathological changes were also assessed. The findings revealed that the EGCG-treated groups manifested a significant decline in the expression of inflammatory markers and antioxidant genes compared to the FWP and UFWP groups. This insinuates that EGCG holds the capacity to alleviate the damaging effects of water-pipe smoke-induced inflammation and oxidative stress. Moreover, enhancements in histopathological features were observed in the EGCG-treated groups, signifying a protective effect against tissue damage induced by water-pipe smoking. These results underscore the potential of EGCG as a protective agent against the adverse effects of water-pipe smoking. By curbing inflammation and oxidative stress, EGCG may aid in the prevention or mitigation of smoking-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wajdy Al-Awaida
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, American University of Madaba, Madaba 11821, Jordan; (B.S.); (J.A.F.)
| | - Khang Wen Goh
- Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai 71800, Malaysia;
| | - Hamzeh J. Al-Ameer
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University (AAU), Amman 19328, Jordan;
| | - Yulia Sh. Gushchina
- Department of General and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Institute, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117198 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Vladimir I. Torshin
- Department of Normal Physiology, Medical Institute, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (V.I.T.); (A.E.S.); (O.A.B.)
| | - Alexandr E. Severin
- Department of Normal Physiology, Medical Institute, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (V.I.T.); (A.E.S.); (O.A.B.)
| | - Omar Al Bawareed
- Department of Normal Physiology, Medical Institute, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (V.I.T.); (A.E.S.); (O.A.B.)
| | - Besan Srour
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, American University of Madaba, Madaba 11821, Jordan; (B.S.); (J.A.F.)
| | - Jude Al Farraj
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, American University of Madaba, Madaba 11821, Jordan; (B.S.); (J.A.F.)
| | - Islam Hamad
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Madaba, Madaba 11821, Jordan;
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Bahrami Asl F, Islami-seginsara M, Ebrahimi Kalan M, Hemmatjo R, Hesam M, Shafiei-Irannejad V. Exposure to ionizing radiations and changes in blood cells and interleukin-6 in radiation workers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:35757-35768. [PMID: 36538225 PMCID: PMC9764314 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24652-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Long-term exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) can cause dire health consequences even less than the dose limits. Previous biomonitoring studies have focused more on complete blood counts (CBCs), with non-coherent results. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between exposure to IR and cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) along with hematological parameters in Tabriz megacity's radiation workers. In this hospital-based study, blood samples were taken from 33 radiation workers (exposed group) and 34 non-radiation workers (control group) in 4 hospitals. Absorbed radiation dose was measured by a personal film badge dosimeter in radiation workers. The studied biomarkers and all of the selected covariates were measured and analyzed using adjusted multiple linear regression models. The exposed doses for all radiation workers were under the dose limits (overall mean = 1.18 mSv/year). However, there was a significant association between exposure to ionizing radiation and IL-6 (49.78 vs 36.17; t = 2.4; p = 0.02) and eosinophils (0.17 vs 0.14; t = 2.02; p = 0.049). The difference between the mean of the other biomarkers in radiation workers was not statistically significant compared to the control group. This study demonstrated that long-term exposure to ionizing radiation, even under the dose limits, is related to a significantly increased level of some blood biomarkers (Il-6 and eosinophil) that, in turn, can cause subsequent health effects such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshad Bahrami Asl
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mahdi Islami-seginsara
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ebrahimi Kalan
- Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Rasoul Hemmatjo
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mousa Hesam
- Radiation Health Unit, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Health Vice-Chancellor, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahid Shafiei-Irannejad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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Sass D, Parmelee Streck B, Guedes VA, Cooper D, Guida JL, Armstrong TS. Blood-based biomarkers of frailty in solid tumors: a systematic review. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1171243. [PMID: 37213604 PMCID: PMC10193038 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1171243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This review examines the current literature to identify biomarkers of frailty across patients with solid tumors. We conducted the systematic review using preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis guidelines (PRISMA). PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases were searched from their inception to December 08, 2021, for reports of biomarkers and frailty. Two reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts, and full-text articles. A quality assessment was conducted using NHLBI Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies, and Quality Assessment of Case-Control Studies. In total, 915 reports were screened, and 14 full-text articles were included in the review. Most studies included breast tumors, were cross-sectional in design, and measured biomarkers at baseline or pre-treatment. Frailty tools varied with Fried Frailty Phenotype and the geriatric assessment most frequently used. Increased inflammatory parameters (i.e., Interleukin-6, Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio, Glasgow Prognostic Score-2) were associated with frailty severity. Only six studies were rated as good quality using assessment ratings. Together, the small number of studies and heterogeneity in frailty assessment limited our ability to draw conclusions from the extant literature. Future research is needed to identify potential target biomarkers of frailty in cancer survivors that may aid in early detection and referral.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilorom Sass
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Dilorom Sass, ;
| | - Brennan Parmelee Streck
- Basic Biobehavioral and Psychological Sciences Branch, Behavioral Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Vivian A. Guedes
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Diane Cooper
- Office of Research Services, National Institutes of Health Library, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jennifer L. Guida
- Basic Biobehavioral and Psychological Sciences Branch, Behavioral Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Terri S. Armstrong
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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North HF, Weissleder C, Fullerton JM, Webster MJ, Weickert CS. Increased immune cell and altered microglia and neurogenesis transcripts in an Australian schizophrenia subgroup with elevated inflammation. Schizophr Res 2022; 248:208-218. [PMID: 36108465 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We previously identified a subgroup of schizophrenia cases (~40 %) with heightened inflammation in the neurogenic subependymal zone (SEZ) (North et al., 2021b). This schizophrenia subgroup had changes indicating reduced microglial activity, increased peripheral immune cells, increased stem cell dormancy/quiescence and reduced neuronal precursor cells. The present follow-up study aimed to replicate and extend those novel findings in an independent post-mortem cohort of schizophrenia cases and controls from Australia. RNA was extracted from SEZ tissue from 20 controls and 22 schizophrenia cases from the New South Wales Brain Tissue Resource Centre, and gene expression analysis was performed. Cluster analysis of inflammation markers (IL1B, IL1R1, SERPINA3 and CXCL8) revealed a high-inflammation schizophrenia subgroup comprising 52 % of cases, which was a significantly greater proportion than the 17 % of high-inflammation controls. Consistent with our previous report (North et al., 2021b), those with high-inflammation and schizophrenia had unchanged mRNA expression of markers for steady-state and activated microglia (IBA1, HEXB, CD68), decreased expression of phagocytic microglia markers (P2RY12, P2RY13), but increased expression of markers for macrophages (CD163), monocytes (CD14), natural killer cells (FCGR3A), and the adhesion molecule ICAM1. Similarly, the high-inflammation schizophrenia subgroup emulated increased quiescent stem cell marker (GFAPD) and decreased neuronal progenitor (DLX6-AS1) and immature neuron marker (DCX) mRNA expression; but also revealed a novel increase in a marker of immature astrocytes (VIM). Replicating primary results in an independent cohort demonstrates that inflammatory subgroups in the SEZ in schizophrenia are reliable, robust and enhance understanding of neuropathological heterogeneity when studying schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley F North
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Christin Weissleder
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Janice M Fullerton
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Maree J Webster
- Laboratory of Brain Research, Stanley Medical Research Institute, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Cynthia Shannon Weickert
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
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Cho JH, Lee DC, Lee HJ. Association of Duration of Smoking Cessation or Cumulative Smoking Amount with Serum hs-CRP Level in Korean Adults: A Nationwide Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10090533. [PMID: 36136498 PMCID: PMC9501822 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10090533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the association between the duration of smoking cessation or cumulative smoking amount with serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels. We assessed the decreasing risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer following smoking cessation in Korean adults who were former smokers compared with current smokers. This study used data from the 2016−2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. A total of 5411 participants were included. The duration of smoking cessation and cumulative smoking amount were classified into cut-offs for 6 and 17 months, and 5 and 20 pack-years, respectively, using tertile values. Elevated serum hs-CRP level was defined as ≥1 mg/L. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed. The odds ratio (OR) for elevated serum hs-CRP level was 0.73 times lower in the group whose duration of smoking cessation was 17 months or more than that in the group who were current smokers after adjusting for confounding variables (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.57−0.92; p < 0.01). The OR for elevated serum hs-CRP level was 0.71 and 0.67 times lower in the groups whose cumulative smoking amounts were less than 5 and 5−20 pack-years than that in the group who were current smokers (95% CI: 0.50−0.99 and 0.50−0.92, respectively; both p < 0.05). This study reveals that a duration of smoking cessation of more than 17 months and a cumulative smoking amount of less than 20 pack-years were significantly associated with a decreased risk of elevated serum hs-CRP levels in Korean adults who were former smokers. Therefore, quitting smoking early and a low cumulative smoking amount are a potential preventive strategy for CVD and cancer that can be easily accessible using serum hs-CRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Hye Cho
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Duk-Chul Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hye-Jun Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Chung-ang University Hospital, College of Medicine, Chung-ang University, Seoul 06973, Korea
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Jao NC, Martinez-Cardoso A, Vahora M, Tan MM. The role of smoking history in longitudinal changes in C-reactive protein between Black and White older adults in the US. Prev Med Rep 2022; 28:101885. [PMID: 35855919 PMCID: PMC9287345 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.101885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is the first to examine the effect of race and smoking history on changes in CRP. Overall, there were no significant effects of race or current cigarette smoking on CRP change. In NHWs only, smoking history, education, sex, and BMI were predictive of CRP. In NHBs only, only BMI was predictive of CRP. NHBs may not experience the same reductions in CRP with smoking cessation as NHWs.
Smoking cessation is associated with decreases in C-reactive protein (CRP), a biomarker of systemic inflammation and cancer risk; yet CRP levels remain higher long-term in individuals who quit vs. those who never smoked. While non-Hispanic, Black/African American (NHB) have higher levels of CRP vs. non-Hispanic, White/Caucasian (NHW) adults, the association between CRP and race has not been examined in individuals with smoking history. Utilizing longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), the current study examined the effects of race and smoking history on CRP in older adults. NHB (n = 242) and NHW (n = 1529) participants completed HRS assessments in 2006, 2010, and 2014. Dried blood spots collected at each wave were assayed for CRP. Linear mixed models were used to examine the effect of race and smoking history on CRP across waves – controlling for sociodemographics, physical activity, body mass index (BMI), and current smoking. Overall, results showed no significant effects of race or current smoking on CRP; rather age, sex, education, BMI, physical activity, smoking history, and time × race predicted CRP (ps<.04). However, while age, sex, education, BMI, physical activity, and smoking history were also predictive of CRP in NHWs (ps<.04) in race-stratified models, only BMI was a significant predictor of CRP in NHBs (p=.012). BMI may be important in explaining inflammation-related disease risk in NHBs with a history of smoking. NHBs may not experience the same reductions in CRP with smoking cessation as NHWs – potentially contributing to tobacco-related health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy C Jao
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, United States.,Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, United States
| | | | - Moin Vahora
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, United States.,College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois - Urbana Champaign, United States
| | - Marcia M Tan
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, United States
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Wang H, Chen H, Fu Y, Liu M, Zhang J, Han S, Tian Y, Hou H, Hu Q. Effects of Smoking on Inflammatory-Related Cytokine Levels in Human Serum. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27123715. [PMID: 35744838 PMCID: PMC9227219 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, and several cancers resulting from tobacco smoking, are initially characterized by chronic systemic inflammation. Cytokine imbalances can result in inflammation, making it important to understand the pathological mechanisms behind cytokine production. In this study, we collected blood samples from 78 healthy male volunteers, including non-smokers (n = 30), current smokers (n = 30), and ex-smokers (n = 18), and utilized the liquid suspension chip technique to investigate and compare the expression levels of 17 cytokines and chemokines in the human serum of these volunteers. The results demonstrated that the expression levels of CXCL9/MIG and sIL-6R significantly increased after smoking, and continued to increase after quitting smoking. The expression levels of TARC, ITAC, and sVEGFR-3 increased after smoking but decreased after quitting smoking; the expression level of SAA significantly decreased after smoking and showed an upward trend after quitting smoking. Seven cytokines (IL-1β, BCA-1, TNF-α, CRP, ENA-78, MDC, and TNFRII) did not vary between the three groups, while four cytokines (IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8, and SCF) were not detected in any serum sample. In conclusion, this study assessed the physiological production of cytokines and chemokines, highlighting the differences in each due to smoking status. Our results could help evaluate the early development of smoking-related chronic diseases and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hongwei Hou
- Correspondence: (H.H.); (Q.H.); Tel.: +86-135-9809-8330 (H.H.); +86-139-0384-3190 (Q.H.); Fax: +86-0371-67672625 (H.H. & Q.H.)
| | - Qingyuan Hu
- Correspondence: (H.H.); (Q.H.); Tel.: +86-135-9809-8330 (H.H.); +86-139-0384-3190 (Q.H.); Fax: +86-0371-67672625 (H.H. & Q.H.)
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11
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Machado RCBR, Vargas HO, Zazula R, Urbano MR, Verri Jr WA, Rossaneis AC, Porcu M, Barbosa DS, Reis ADMF, Nunes SOV. Implications for comorbidities, maternal smoking during pregnancy, and inflammation in current smokers. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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12
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Evaluation of selected IL6/STAT3 pathway molecules and miRNA expression in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22756. [PMID: 34815425 PMCID: PMC8610981 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01950-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
COPD has been regarded as a global epidemic due to an increase in pollution and tobacco exposure. Therefore, the study of molecular mechanism as the basis for modern therapy is important. The aim of the study was the assessment of gene expression levels, IL-6, IL-6ST, PIAS3, STAT3, and miRNAs, miRNA-1, miRNA-106b, miRNA-155, in patients with COPD. Induced sputum as well as PBMC were collected from 40 patients clinically verified according to the GOLD 2021 (A-D) classification and from the control group (n = 20). The levels of gene and miRNA expression were analysed by qPCR. In induced sputum IL6 was significantly down-regulated in COPD group compared with control (p = 0.0008), while IL6ST were up-regulated (p = 0.05). The results were also statistically significant for STAT3 (p = 0.04) and miRNA-155 (p = 0.03) with higher expression in the current smokers compared to ex-smokers. Higher expression levels for IL6ST (p = 0.03) in COPD patients with the exacerbation history compared to COPD patients without the exacerbation history were noted. Compared induced sputum and PB lymphocytes we observed higher expression of IL6 (p = 0.0003), STAT3 (p = 0.000001) miRNA-106b (p = 0.000069 and miRNA-155 (p = 0.000016) in induced sputum with lower expression of PIAS3 (p = 0.006), IL6ST (p = 0.002) and miRNA-1 (p = 0.001). Differences in gene expression levels of the IL-6/IL6ST/STAT3 pathway and miRNA depending on the smoking status and classification of patients according to GOLD suggest the importance of these genes in the pathogenesis of COPD and may indicate their potential utility in monitoring the course of the disease.
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13
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Millar CL, Dufour AB, Shivappa N, Habtemariam D, Murabito JM, Benjamin EJ, Hebert JR, Kiel DP, Hannan MT, Sahni S. A proinflammatory diet is associated with increased odds of frailty after 12-year follow-up in a cohort of adults. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 115:334-343. [PMID: 34558613 PMCID: PMC8827080 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frailty occurs in 10-15% of community-living older adults and inflammation is a key determinant of frailty. Though diet is a modulator of inflammation, there are few prospective studies elucidating the role of diet-associated inflammation on frailty onset. OBJECTIVES We sought to determine whether a proinflammatory diet was associated with increased odds of frailty in adults from the Framingham Heart Study (FHS). DESIGN AND METHODS This study was nested in a prospective cohort that included individuals without frailty. Diet was assessed in 1998-2001 using a valid FFQ, and frailty was measured in 2011-2014. FFQ-derived energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DII®) scores were computed, with higher E-DII scores indicating a more proinflammatory diet. Frailty was defined as fulfilling ≥3 of 5 Fried Phenotype criteria. Information on potential mediators, serum IL-6 and C-reactive protein was obtained in 1998-2001. Logistic regression estimated ORs and 95% CIs for E-DII (as continuous and in quartiles) and frailty onset adjusting for relevant confounders. RESULTS Of 1701 individuals without frailty at baseline (mean ± SD age: 58 ± 8 y; range: 33-81 y; 55% female), 224 developed frailty (13% incidence) over ∼12 y. The mean ± SD E-DII score was -1.95 ± 2.20; range: -6.71 to +5.40. After adjusting for relevant confounders, a 1-unit higher E-DII score was associated with 16% increased odds of developing frailty (95% CI: 1.07, 1.25). In categorical analyses, participants in the highest (proinflammatory) compared with lowest quartile of E-DII had >2-fold increased odds of frailty (ORquartile4vs.1: 2.22; 95% CI: 1.37, 3.60; P-trend < 0.01). IL-6 and C-reactive protein were not major contributors in the pathway. CONCLUSIONS In this cohort of middle-aged and older adults, a proinflammatory diet was associated with increased odds of frailty over ∼12 y of follow-up. Trials designed to increase consumption of anti-inflammatory foods for frailty prevention are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney L Millar
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alyssa B Dufour
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nitin Shivappa
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA,Department of Nutrition, Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Daniel Habtemariam
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joanne M Murabito
- Boston University School of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Emelia J Benjamin
- Boston University School of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA,Cardiovascular Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James R Hebert
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA,Department of Nutrition, Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Douglas P Kiel
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marian T Hannan
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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14
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Saffo Z, Guo W, Springer K, Maksimowicz-McKinnon K, Kak V, McKinnon JE, Bhargava P. The role of tocilizumab therapy in critically ill patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. J Osteopath Med 2021; 121:705-714. [PMID: 34237804 DOI: 10.1515/jom-2020-0292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Tocilizumab (TCZ), an interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor antagonist, has been approved for use in rheumatoid arthritis and cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) associated with chimeric antigen receptor T cells treatment. Although TCZ is currently utilized in the treatment of critically ill coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) patients, data on survival impact is minimal. OBJECTIVES To assess the mortality rate of patients presenting with COVID-19 who received TCZ for suspected CSS. METHODS This retrospective cohort study was conducted at Henry Ford Health System between March 10, 2020 and May 18, 2020. Data collection began in May 2020 and was completed in June 2020. Patients included in the study required hospital admission and had positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) polymerase chain reaction on nasopharyngeal swab. Eligibility criteria to receive TCZ, per hospital protocol, included any of the following: persistent fever, defined as 38.0 °C for at least 6 hours; a diagnosis of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS); serum ferritin ≥1,000 (ng/mL) or doubling within 24 hours; D-Dimer ≥ 5 (mg/L); serum lactate dehydrogenase ≥500 (IU/L); or interlukin-6 level ≥5 times the upper limit of normal. Dosing was initially determined by weight, then changed to a fixed 400 mg per hospital protocol. A comparator cohort was created from patients with COVID-19 and ARDS who did not receive TCZ. Patient survival was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by log rank test. A multivariable cox regression was applied to evaluate the association between TCZ and mortality. RESULTS One hundred and thirty patients were evaluated in the study, 54 (41.5%) of whom received TCZ. Patients who received TCZ were younger (mean age, 63.8 vs. 69.4 years; p=0.0083) and had higher body mass indices (mean, 33.9 vs. 30.4; p=0.005). Of the comorbid conditions evaluated, heart disease was more common in the comparator group than the TCZ group (27 patients [35.5%] vs. 10 patients [18.5%]; p=0.034). A Kaplan-Meier survival curve demonstrated no difference in survival between TCZ and comparator patients (log rank p=0.495). In the multivariable Cox regression model for mortality at 30 days, treatment with TCZ was not associated with decreased mortality (hazard ratio, 1.1; 95% confidence interval, 0.53-2.3; p=0.77). Lower mean C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were demonstrated within 48 hours of disposition in the TCZ group (mean TCZ, 4.9 vs. mean comparator, 13.0; p=<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS In this cohort study, no difference in survival was observed in critically ill patients treated with TCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaid Saffo
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Weixia Guo
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Kylie Springer
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Vivek Kak
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - John E McKinnon
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Pallavi Bhargava
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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15
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Moriarity RJ, Zuk AM, Liberda EN, Tsuji LJS. Health measures of Eeyouch (Cree) who are eligible to participate in the on-the-land Income Security Program in Eeyou Istchee (northern Quebec, Canada). BMC Public Health 2021; 21:628. [PMID: 33789644 PMCID: PMC8011104 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10654-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Participation in on-the-land programs that encourage traditional cultural activities may improve health and well-being. The Income Security Program (ISP) - a financial incentive-based on-the-land program - for Eeyouch (Cree) hunters and trappers in Eeyou Istchee was created as a result of the 1975 James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement to help mitigate the effects of hydroelectric development on the Cree people of northern Quebec, Canada. Beyond the ISP's financial incentives, little is known about the health measures of those who are eligible to participate in the ISP (i.e. spent ≥120 days on-the-land during the previous year). Therefore, this paper's objective was to assess the health measures of northern Quebec Cree, who were eligible for participation in the ISP. METHODS Using participant data (n = 545) compiled from the Nituuchischaayihtitaau Aschii Multi-Community Environment-and-Health Study, we assessed 13 different health measures in generalized linear models with the independent variable being the eligibility to participate in the ISP. RESULTS Participants in the present study who were eligible for the ISP had significantly higher levels of vigorous and moderate activity per week, and higher concentrations of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the blood compared to those ineligible for the ISP (i.e. spent ≤119 days on-the-land during the previous year). Encouragingly, following model adjustment for age and sex, participants eligible for the ISP did not have higher blood concentrations of mercury than those who were not eligible for the ISP. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the participants eligible for participation in the ISP are likely to be healthier than those who are ineligible to participate - and are promising for on-the-land programs for Indigenous peoples beyond a financial incentive - with no apparent higher risk of increasing contaminant body burden through traditional on-the-land-activities (e.g. fish consumption).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Moriarity
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, SW151 University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada.
| | - Aleksandra M Zuk
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, SW151 University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
- School of Nursing, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Eric N Liberda
- School of Occupational and Public Health, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Leonard J S Tsuji
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, SW151 University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
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16
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Sun YW, Chen KM, Atkins H, Aliaga C, Gordon T, Guttenplan JB, El-Bayoumy K. Effects of E-Cigarette Aerosols with Varying Levels of Nicotine on Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Mice. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:1161-1168. [PMID: 33761748 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To provide insights into the cause of e-cigarette (e-cig) associated lung injury, we examined the effects of propylene glycol (PG) and glycerol (G), two common solvent carriers used to deliver nicotine/flavor, on markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in female B6C3F1 mice which had been used successfully in tobacco smoke (TS)-induced lung carcinogenesis. Mice exposed to air and TS were used as negative and positive controls, respectively. Using LC-MS/MS, we showed that PG/G alone, in the absence of nicotine, significantly increased the levels of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG or its tautomer 8-oxodG), a biomarker of DNA oxidative damage, in lung and plasma of mice; moreover, addition of nicotine (12 and 24 mg/mL) in e-cig liquid appears to suppress the levels of 8-oxodG. Exposure to e-cig aerosols or TS induced nonsignificant increases of plasma C-reactive protein (CRP), a biomarker of inflammation; nonetheless, the levels of fibronectin (FN), a biomarker of tissue injury, were significantly increased by e-cig aerosols or TS. Although preliminary, our data showed that exposure to e-cig aerosols induced a higher score of lung injury than did control air or TS exposure. Our results indicate that the B6C3F1 mouse model may be suitable for an in-depth examination of the impact of e-cig on lung injury associated with oxidative stress and inflammation and this study adds to the growing evidence that the use of e-cig can lead to lung damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Terry Gordon
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10010, United States
| | - Joseph B Guttenplan
- Department of Basic Science, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York 10010, United States
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17
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Hao Z, Li J, Li B, Alder KD, Cahill SV, Munger AM, Lee I, Kwon HK, Back J, Xu S, Kang MJ, Lee FY. Smoking Alters Inflammation and Skeletal Stem and Progenitor Cell Activity During Fracture Healing in Different Murine Strains. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:186-198. [PMID: 32866293 PMCID: PMC9057220 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Smokers are at a higher risk of delayed union or nonunion after fracture repair. Few specific interventions are available for prevention because the molecular mechanisms that result in these negative sequelae are poorly understood. Murine models that mimic fracture healing in smokers are crucial in further understanding the local cellular and molecular alterations during fracture healing caused by smoking. We exposed three murine strains, C57BL/6J, 129X1/SvJ, and BALB/cJ, to cigarette smoke for 3 months before the induction of a midshaft transverse femoral osteotomy. We evaluated fracture healing 4 weeks after the osteotomy using radiography, micro-computed tomography (μCT), and biomechanical testing. Radiographic analysis demonstrated a significant decrease in the fracture healing capacity of smoking 129X1/SvJ mice. μCT results showed delayed remodeling of fracture calluses in all three strains after cigarette smoke exposure. Biomechanical testing indicated the most significant impairment in the functional properties of 129X1/SvJ in comparison with C57BL/6J and BALB/cJ mice after cigarette smoke exposure. Thus, the 129X1/SvJ strain is most suitable in simulating smoking-induced impaired fracture healing. Furthermore, in smoking 129X1/SvJ murine models, we investigated the molecular and cellular alterations in fracture healing caused by cigarette smoking using histology, flow cytometry, and multiplex cytokine/chemokine analysis. Histological analysis showed impaired chondrogenesis in cigarette smoking. In addition, the important reparative cell populations, including skeletal stem cells and their downstream progenitors, demonstrated decreased expansion after injury as a result of cigarette smoking. Moreover, significantly increased pro-inflammatory mediators and the recruitment of immune cells in fracture hematomas were demonstrated in smoking mice. Collectively, our findings demonstrate the significant cellular and molecular alterations during fracture healing impaired by smoking, including disrupted chondrogenesis, aberrant skeletal stem and progenitor cell activity, and a pronounced initial inflammatory response. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichen Hao
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Emergency and Trauma, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Orthopaedics, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Kareme D Alder
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sean V Cahill
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Alana M Munger
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Inkyu Lee
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk-Kwon Kwon
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - JungHo Back
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Shuogui Xu
- Department of Emergency and Trauma, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min-Jong Kang
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Francis Y Lee
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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18
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Alfaddagh A, Martin SS, Leucker TM, Michos ED, Blaha MJ, Lowenstein CJ, Jones SR, Toth PP. Inflammation and cardiovascular disease: From mechanisms to therapeutics. Am J Prev Cardiol 2020; 4:100130. [PMID: 34327481 PMCID: PMC8315628 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2020.100130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation constitutes a complex, highly conserved cascade of molecular and cellular events. Inflammation has been labeled as “the fire within,” is highly regulated, and is critical to host defense and tissue repair. In general, inflammation is beneficial and has evolved to promote survival. However, inflammation can also be maladaptive when chronically activated and sustained, leading to progressive tissue injury and reduced survival. Examples of a maladaptive response include rheumatologic disease and atherosclerosis. Despite evidence gathered by Virchow over 100 years ago showing that inflammatory white cells play a role in atherogenesis, atherosclerosis was until recently viewed as a disease of passive cholesterol accumulation in the subendothelial space. This view has been supplanted by considerable basic scientific and clinical evidence demonstrating that every step of atherogenesis, from the development of endothelial cell dysfunction to foam cell formation, plaque formation and progression, and ultimately plaque rupture stemming from architectural instability, is driven by the cytokines, interleukins, and cellular constituents of the inflammatory response. Herein we provide an overview of the role of inflammation in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, discuss the predictive value of various biomarkers involved in inflammation, and summarize recent clinical trials that evaluated the capacity of various pharmacologic interventions to attenuate the intensity of inflammation and impact risk for acute cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulhamied Alfaddagh
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Seth S Martin
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thorsten M Leucker
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Erin D Michos
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael J Blaha
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Charles J Lowenstein
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Steven R Jones
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter P Toth
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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19
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Chatterjee S, Caporale A, Tao JQ, Guo W, Johncola A, Strasser AA, Leone FT, Langham MC, Wehrli FW. Acute e-cig inhalation impacts vascular health: a study in smoking naïve subjects. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 320:H144-H158. [PMID: 33216614 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00628.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the acute effects of nonnicotinized e-cigarette (e-cig) aerosol inhalation in nonsmokers both in terms of blood-based markers of inflammation and oxidative stress and evaluate their association with hemodynamic-metabolic MRI parameters quantifying peripheral vascular reactivity, cerebrovascular reactivity, and aortic stiffness. Thirty-one healthy nonsmokers were subjected to two blood draws and two identical MRI protocols, each one before and after a standardized e-cig vaping session. After vaping, the serum levels of C-reactive protein, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule, and the danger signal machinery high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and its downstream effector and the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome (as monitored by its adaptor protein ASC) increased significantly relative to the respective baseline (prevaping) values. Moreover, nitric oxide metabolites and reactive oxygen species production decreased and increased, respectively. These observations were paralleled by impaired peripheral vascular reactivity (with reduced flow-mediated dilation and attenuated hyperemic response after a cuff-occlusion test) and metabolic alterations expressed by decreased venous oxygen saturation, postvaping. The current results suggest propagation of inflammation signaling via activation of the danger signaling axis (HMGB1-NLRP3). The findings indicate that a single episode of vaping has adverse impacts on vascular inflammation and function.NEW & NOTWORTHY Endothelial cell signaling and blood biomarkers were found to correlate with functional vascular changes in a single episode e-cigarettes inhalation in healthy adults. This is indicative of the potential of e-cigarettes (even when inhaled acutely) to lead of vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shampa Chatterjee
- Institute for Environmental Medicine and Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Alessandra Caporale
- Laboratory for Structural, Physiologic and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology
| | - Jian Qin Tao
- Institute for Environmental Medicine and Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Wensheng Guo
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Alyssa Johncola
- Laboratory for Structural, Physiologic and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology
| | - Andrew A Strasser
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Nicotine Addiction, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Frank T Leone
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael C Langham
- Laboratory for Structural, Physiologic and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology
| | - Felix W Wehrli
- Laboratory for Structural, Physiologic and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology
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20
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Machado RCBR, Vargas HO, Baracat MM, Urbano MR, Verri WA, Porcu M, Nunes SOV. N-acetylcysteine as an adjunctive treatment for smoking cessation: a randomized clinical trial. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 42:519-526. [PMID: 32725102 PMCID: PMC7524413 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2019-0753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective: This randomized controlled trial examined the efficacy and safety of N-acetylcysteine as an adjunctive treatment for smoking cessation. Methods: Heavy smokers were recruited from smoking cessation treatment for this 12- week randomized controlled trial. Eligible tobacco use disorder outpatients (n=34) were randomized to N-acetylcysteine or placebo plus first-line treatment. Abstinence was verified by exhaled carbon monoxide (COexh). The assessment scales included the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, the Minnesota Nicotine Withdrawal Scale, and the Medication Adherence Rating Scale. We also assessed anthropometrics, blood pressure, lipid profile, and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor (sTNF-R) levels 1 and 2. Results: First-line treatment for smoking cessation plus adjunctive N-acetylcysteine or placebo significantly reduced COexh (p < 0.01). In the N-acetylcysteine group, no significant changes were found in nicotine withdrawal symptoms, depressive and anxiety symptoms, anthropometric measures, blood pressure, or glucose compared to placebo. However, there was a significant reduction in sTNF-R2 levels between baseline and week 12 in the N-acetylcysteine group. Conclusions: These findings highlight the need to associate N-acetylcysteine with first-line treatment for smoking cessation, since combined treatment may affect inflammation and metabolism components. Clinical trial registration: NCT02420418
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina C B R Machado
- Centro de Referência de Abordagem e Tratamento do Tabagismo, Hospital Universitário, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina, PR, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS), UEL, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Heber O Vargas
- Centro de Referência de Abordagem e Tratamento do Tabagismo, Hospital Universitário, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina, PR, Brazil.,Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Unidade de Psiquiatria, Hospital Universitário, CCS, UEL, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Marcela M Baracat
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS), UEL, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Mariana R Urbano
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS), UEL, Londrina, PR, Brazil.,Departamento de Estatística, Centro de Ciências Exatas, UEL, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Waldiceu A Verri
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS), UEL, Londrina, PR, Brazil.,Departamento de Patologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, UEL, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Mauro Porcu
- Centro de Referência de Abordagem e Tratamento do Tabagismo, Hospital Universitário, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina, PR, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS), UEL, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Sandra O V Nunes
- Centro de Referência de Abordagem e Tratamento do Tabagismo, Hospital Universitário, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina, PR, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS), UEL, Londrina, PR, Brazil.,Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Unidade de Psiquiatria, Hospital Universitário, CCS, UEL, Londrina, PR, Brazil
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21
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Education, Smoking and CRP Genetics in Relation to C-Reactive Protein Concentrations in Black South Africans. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17186646. [PMID: 32933066 PMCID: PMC7558133 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Because elevated circulating C-reactive protein (CRP) and low socio-economic status (SES), have both been implicated in cardiovascular disease development, we investigated whether SES factors associate with and interact with CRP polymorphisms in relation to the phenotype. Included in the study were 1569 black South Africans for whom CRP concentrations, 12 CRP single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), cardiovascular health markers, and SES factors were known. None of the investigated SES aspects was found to associate with CRP concentrations when measured individually; however, in adjusted analyses, attaining twelve or more years of formal education resulted in a hypothetically predicted 18.9% lower CRP concentration. We also present the first evidence that active smokers with a C-allele at rs3093068 are at an increased risk of presenting with elevated CRP concentrations. Apart from education level, most SES factors on their own are not associated with the elevated CRP phenotype observed in black South Africans. However, these factors may collectively with other environmental, genetic, and behavioral aspects such as smoking, contribute to the elevated inflammation levels observed in this population. The gene-smoking status interaction in relation to inflammation observed here is of interest and if replicated could be used in at-risk individuals to serve as an additional motivation to quit.
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22
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Gangemi AJ, Satti A, Zantah M, Blair R, Brewer B, Ma G, Grandner MA, Davey A, Criner GJ, Patterson F. Sleep Duration and Efficiency Associated With Better Functional Exercise Capacity in Black Smokers at Risk for COPD. Chest 2020; 158:1680-1688. [PMID: 32333930 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Black smokers have earlier development of lung disease as well as poorer sleep health than whites. RESEARCH QUESTION In a sample of black smokers, to what extent does sleep health modify the association between smoking level and functional exercise capacity? DESIGN AND METHODS Cross-sectional data from 209 black smokers (≥ 1 cigarette in last month), aged 40 to 65 years with no evidence of sleep-disordered breathing (apnea-hypopnea index < 15) or severe COPD (FEV1 > 50%), were used for the current study. Self-reported smoking rate, objectively measured sleep efficiency (SE), total sleep time (TST), and the 6-min walk test (6MWT) for functional exercise capacity were the key assessments. RESULTS The mean age was 54.8 years (SD, 5.96), and mean cigarettes smoked per day (cpd) was 8.71 (SD, 6.78). Mean SE was 69.9% (SD, 12.3%), and mean TST was 307.99 min (SD 92.2). In adjusted linear regression models of the 6MWT (meters), TST (slope estimate, -0.14; P = .14) and SE (slope estimate, -1.0; P = .19) were negatively associated with 6MWT. The smoking rate × SE interaction was highly significant (slope estimate, 0.18; P = .007) such that in individuals who smoked ≥ 10 cpd, every additional percentage of SE garnered an additional distance of 0.83 to 6.62 m. Similarly, the smoking rate × TST interaction was significant (slope estimate, 0.019; P = .03) such that in smokers who smoked ≥ 10 cpd, every additional minute of TST garnered an additional distance of 0.04 to 0.60 m. INTERPRETATION Higher SE and, to a lesser extent, longer TST, in black adults who smoke ≥ 10 cpd is associated with better 6MWT performance. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov; No.: NCT03534076; URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Gangemi
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Aditi Satti
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Massa Zantah
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Rachel Blair
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Benjamin Brewer
- College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE
| | - Grace Ma
- Health Disparities and Center for Asian Health, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Adam Davey
- College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE
| | - Gerard J Criner
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Freda Patterson
- College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE.
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23
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Ahmed NJ, Husen AZ, Khoshnaw N, Getta HA, Hussein ZS, Yassin AK, Jalal SD, Mohammed RN, Alwan AF. The Effects of Smoking on IgE, Oxidative Stress and Haemoglobin Concentration. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:1069-1072. [PMID: 32334472 PMCID: PMC7445955 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.4.1069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Smoking is a well-known related factor for many health problems in a human being through different ways of exposure. Objectives: Thie aim of the study was to examine the effects of different types of cigarette smoking on hemoglobin level, high sensitive C-Reactive Protein (hsCRP), Malondialdehyde (MDA), and IgE levels in healthy adult subjects. Methods: One hundred seventy-one healthy adult females and males were included in this study. They divided into four groups: cigarette, shisha, passive smokers, and non-smokers groups. Serum samples from all groups analyzed for hemoglobin, hsCRP, IgE, and malondialdehyde level. Results: The mean MDA, IgE, and hemoglobin levels significantly increased in both smokers (cigarette and Shisha groups) and passive smokers than in non-smokers group (p<0.05). The hsCRP levels were significantly increased (p<0.05) in cigarette and Shisha smokers compared to non-smokers. At the same time, there was a non-significant relationship between passive smoker in comparison to non-smokers (p>0.05). Conclusion: This study concluded that smoking, including cigarette and shisha, even passive smoking harmed health through increasing Malondialdehyde, serum IgE and hs-CRP levels in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najat J Ahmed
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Health-Technical College, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Adnan Z Husen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Health-Technical College, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Najmaddin Khoshnaw
- Department of Hematology, Hiwa Cancer Hospital, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.,Department of Clinical Hematology, Kurdistan Board for Medical Specialties, Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Hisham A Getta
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Zahir S Hussein
- Department of Hematopathology, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani,Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Ahmed K Yassin
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Kurdistan Board for Medical Specialties, Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.,Department of Hematopathology, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani,Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Sana D Jalal
- Department of Hematopathology, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani,Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Rebar N Mohammed
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq
| | - Alaa F Alwan
- Department of Clinical Hematology, National Center of Hematology, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
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24
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Khan A, Thatcher TH, Woeller CF, Sime PJ, Phipps RP, Hopke PK, Utell MJ, Krahl PL, Mallon TM, Thakar J. Machine Learning Approach for Predicting Past Environmental Exposures From Molecular Profiling of Post-Exposure Human Serum Samples. J Occup Environ Med 2019; 61 Suppl 12:S55-S64. [PMID: 31800451 PMCID: PMC6897314 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop an approach for a retrospective analysis of post-exposure serum samples using diverse molecular profiles. METHODS The 236 molecular profiles from 800 de-identified human serum samples from the Department of Defense Serum Repository were classified as smokers or non-smokers based on direct measurement of serum cotinine levels. A machine-learning pipeline was used to classify smokers and non-smokers from their molecular profiles. RESULTS The refined supervised support vector machines with recursive feature elimination predicted smokers and non-smokers with 78% accuracy on the independent held-out set. Several of the identified classifiers of smoking status have previously been reported and four additional miRNAs were validated with experimental tobacco smoke exposure in mice, supporting the computational approach. CONCLUSIONS We developed and validated a pipeline that shows retrospective analysis of post-exposure serum samples can identify environmental exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atif Khan
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology and Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Thomas H. Thatcher
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Collynn F. Woeller
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Patricia J. Sime
- Departments of Medicine, Environmental Medicine, and Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Richard P. Phipps
- Departments of Medicine, Environmental Medicine, and Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Philip K. Hopke
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
- Center for Air Resources Engineering and Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699
| | - Mark J. Utell
- Departments of Medicine and Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Pamela L. Krahl
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - Timothy M. Mallon
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - Juilee Thakar
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology and Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
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25
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Leon-Acuña A, Torres-Peña JD, Alcala-Diaz JF, Vals-Delgado C, Roncero-Ramos I, Yubero-Serrano E, Tinahones FJ, Castro-Clerico M, Delgado-Lista J, Ordovas JM, Lopez-Miranda J, Perez-Martinez P. Lifestyle factors modulate postprandial hypertriglyceridemia: From the CORDIOPREV study. Atherosclerosis 2019; 290:118-124. [PMID: 31605877 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Recent evidence suggests that postprandial hypertriglyceridemia (PPT) is associated with the incidence of CVD. Several non-modifiable factors (genetics, age, gender) and lifestyle factors (physical activity, smoking, regular alcohol) have shown their ability to modulate PPT. We evaluate the influence of regular alcohol intake, physical activity and smoking habit modulating PPT in the CORDIOPREV study (NCT00924937). METHODS 1002 patients were subject to an oral fat load test meal and serial blood samples were drawn at 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 h during postprandial state. A PPT concentration above 2.5 mmol/L (220 mg/dL) at any time point has been established as a detrimental response. Alcohol consumption was defined as non-drinkers, moderate and severe intake; regular physical activity exceeding than or lower than 1000 MET/week; smoking habit was classified in current, never, recent ex-smokers and long-term ex-smokers. RESULTS The prevalence of undesirable PPT response was 68% in current, 58% in recent ex-smokers, 49% in long-term ex-smokers and 48% in never smokers (p < 0.001). Current and recent ex-smokers displayed higher PPT response as well as a greater area under the curve (AUC) and higher incremental (iAUC) of triglycerides (TG) compared with long-term ex-smokers and never smokers (p < 0.05), without differences among these subgroups. No differences were observed in the magnitude of PPT according to regular physical activity or alcohol intake habits. CONCLUSIONS Smoking is an independent risk factor modulating the magnitude of PPT. However, after tobacco cessation, ex-smokers show a progressive decrease on their PPT to reach levels similar to those of never smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Leon-Acuña
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Jose D Torres-Peña
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Juan F Alcala-Diaz
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Cristina Vals-Delgado
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Irene Roncero-Ramos
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Elena Yubero-Serrano
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco J Tinahones
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain; Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA), Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Malaga, Spain
| | | | - Javier Delgado-Lista
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Jose M Ordovas
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, J.M.-US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; IMDEA Alimentación, Madrid, Spain; CNIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Lopez-Miranda
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Pablo Perez-Martinez
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain.
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26
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Sia D, Miszkurka M, Batal M, Delisle H, Zunzunegui MV. Chronic disease and malnutrition biomarkers among unemployed immigrants and Canadian born adults. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 77:41. [PMID: 31548886 PMCID: PMC6751622 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-019-0367-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Immigration status and unemployment may intersect on the health outcomes of men and women. This study aimed to identify intersections between unemployment and immigration in inflammatory, metabolic and nutritional blood markers and assess gender differences. Methods We used Canadian Health Measures Survey data on 2493 participants aged 18 to 65. Outcomes were chronic inflammation (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and fibrinogen), nutritional (albumin and hemoglobin), and metabolic blood markers (glycosylated hemoglobin, blood glucose, total and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol). Multivariate linear regressions were used to assess the associations between each biomarker, unemployment and immigrant status, controlling for age, education, province, smoking, physical inactivity and body mass index and testing for multiplicative interactions between unemployment, immigrant status and gender. Results Unemployment was associated with higher inflammation (hsCRP and fibrinogen) in Canadian born men; Canadian born employed women showed higher hsCRP values compared with corresponding employed men. Unemployed immigrant women presented the highest values of hsCRP while employed immigrant women had the lowest hsCRP. Unemployment was associated with higher glucose; immigrant status was associated with higher glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin. Unemployed immigrants had significantly lower levels of hemoglobin and albumin than employed immigrants, and Canadian-born citizens regardless of their employment status. Some of these associations were attenuated after adjustment by body mass index, physical inactivity and smoking. Conclusion Blood biomarkers unveil intersections among unemployment, immigration and gender. This study provides evidence on biological pathways of unemployment on the likelihood of common chronic diseases, inflammation and potential malnutrition with some increased vulnerabilities in unemployed immigrants, and particularly in unemployed immigrant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drissa Sia
- 1Département des sciences infirmières, Campus de Saint-Jérôme, Université du Québec en Outaouais, 5, rue Saint-Joseph, bureau J-3226, Saint Jérôme, Québec J7Z 0B7 Canada
| | - Malgorzata Miszkurka
- 2Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec Canada
| | - Malek Batal
- 3Département de nutrition, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec Canada
| | - Hélène Delisle
- 3Département de nutrition, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec Canada
| | - Maria Victoria Zunzunegui
- 4Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec Canada.,5École de santé publique, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec Canada
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27
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Kacel EL, Kirsch JL, Sannes TS, Patidar S, Postupack R, Jensen S, Wong S, Garey S, Dodd S, Ulfig CM, McCrae CS, Robinson ME, Castagno J, Schultz GS, Pereira DB. Interleukin-6 and body mass index, tobacco use, and sleep in gynecologic cancers. Health Psychol 2019; 38:866-877. [PMID: 31368718 DOI: 10.1037/hea0000775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Elevated body mass index (BMI), tobacco use, and sleep disturbance are common health concerns among women with gynecologic cancers. The extent to which these factors are associated with systemic inflammation in gynecologic cancers is unknown. This is a significant literature gap given that (a) chronic, systemic inflammation may mediate relationships between behavioral health factors and cancer outcomes; and (b) elevated BMI, tobacco use, and sleep disturbances can be modified via behavioral interventions. This study examined Interleukin-6 (IL-6) relations with BMI, tobacco use history, and sleep disturbances in patients undergoing surgery for suspected gynecologic cancer. METHOD Participants were 100 women (M age = 58.42 years, SD = 10.62 years) undergoing surgery for suspected gynecologic cancer. Smoking history was determined by participant self-report. Sleep quality/disturbance was assessed via the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. BMI was abstracted from electronic health records. Presurgical serum IL-6 concentrations were determined using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. RESULTS Controlling for the cancer type and stage, regression analyses revealed higher BMI, β = 0.258, p = .007, and former/current smoking status, β = 0.181, p = .046, were associated with higher IL-6. IL-6 did not differ between former and current smokers, β = 0.008, p = .927. Global sleep quality, sleep latency, and sleep efficiency were not associated with IL-6. CONCLUSIONS Higher BMI and any history of tobacco use predicted higher IL-6 among women undergoing surgery for suspected gynecologic cancers. Cognitive-behavioral interventions targeting primary and secondary obesity and tobacco use prevention may reduce systemic inflammation and optimize cancer outcomes in this population. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Shan Wong
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology
| | | | - Stacy Dodd
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology
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Galvão De Podestá OP, Peres SV, Salaroli LB, Cattafesta M, De Podestá JRV, von Zeidler SLV, de Oliveira JC, Kowalski LP, Ikeda MK, Brennan P, Curado MP. Consumption of minimally processed foods as protective factors in the genesis of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck in Brazil. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220067. [PMID: 31344089 PMCID: PMC6657870 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the sixth most common cancer, and two-fifths of cases could be avoided by changing lifestyle and eating habits. METHODS This multicenter case-control study was conducted under the International Consortium on Head and Neck Cancer and Genetic Epidemiology, coordinated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. This consortium evaluated associations between minimally processed food consumption and the risk of HNC in three Brazilian states. RESULTS We evaluated 1740 subjects (847 cases and 893 controls). In multiple analyses including recognized risk factors for HNC, the consumption of apples and pears was associated with reduced risks of oral cavity and laryngeal cancers; the consumption of citrus fruits and fresh tomatoes was associated with a reduced risk of oral cavity cancer; the consumption of bananas was associated with a reduced risk of oropharynx cancer; the consumption of broccoli, cabbage, and collard greens was associated with reduced risks of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers; and the consumption of carrots and fresh fruits was associated with a reduced risk of hypopharyngeal cancer. CONCLUSIONS The consumption of a heathy diet rich in fruits and vegetables was associated with a reduced risk of HNC. Public policies, including government subsidies, are essential to facilitate logistical and financial access to minimally processed foods, thereby strengthening environments that promote healthy behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stela Verzinhasse Peres
- Postgraduate Program in Sciences of Fundação Antônio Prudente, Cancer Center of A.C.Camargo, São Paulo—SP / BR
| | | | - Monica Cattafesta
- Graduate Program in Collective Health, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória—ES / BR
| | | | | | | | - Luiz Paulo Kowalski
- Postgraduate Program in Sciences of Fundação Antônio Prudente, Cancer Center of A.C.Camargo, São Paulo—SP / BR
| | - Mauro Kasuo Ikeda
- Postgraduate Program in Sciences of Fundação Antônio Prudente, Cancer Center of A.C.Camargo, São Paulo—SP / BR
| | - Paul Brennan
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Maria Paula Curado
- Postgraduate Program in Sciences of Fundação Antônio Prudente, Cancer Center of A.C.Camargo, São Paulo—SP / BR
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A clinical model for identifying an inflammatory phenotype in mood disorders. J Psychiatr Res 2019; 113:148-158. [PMID: 30954775 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Increasingly, clinical research has found inflammatory correlates of psychiatric disorders, particularly mood symptomatology. Biological measures may provide greater precision in many cases and may capture clinically-relevant inflammatory signposts, such as central obesity risk, inflammation-associated co-morbid medical conditions, or proinflammatory lifestyle choices. In order to expand understanding of the role of inflammation in mood disorders, we propose a more inclusive clinical model for capturing an inflammatory phenotype of depression by identifying clinically-relevant inflammatory phenotypes grounded in biology. Our model includes chronic conditions and lifestyle behaviors associated with clinically elevated inflammation in mood disorders. Elements of this "inflamed depression" model include: obesity, low HDL concentrations, elevated triglyceride concentrations, chronically elevated blood pressure, clinical diagnosis of hypothyroidism, migraines, rheumatoid arthritis, adult onset diabetes, inflammatory bowel diseases, inflammatory skin conditions, and lifestyle factors including smoking cigarettes and chronic stress.
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Menezes AMB, Oliveira PD, Wehrmeister FC, Assunção MCF, Oliveira IO, Tovo-Rodrigues L, Ferreira GD, Gonçalves H. Association of modifiable risk factors and IL-6, CRP, and adiponectin: Findings from the 1993 Birth Cohort, Southern Brazil. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216202. [PMID: 31071114 PMCID: PMC6508856 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The literature on the relationship between lifestyle behaviors and inflammatory markers is scarce. Methods A birth cohort was followed since birth up to 22 years in Southern Brazil. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP) and adiponectin were measured in nonfasting blood samples drawn at 18 and 22 years of age. Exposures including smoking, alcohol intake, physical inactivity and obesity, were collected at 15, 18 and 22 years. Cross sectional analyses were based on the number of follow-up visits with these exposures and the association with IL-6, CRP and adiponectin at 22 years old. We also carried out a longitudinal Generalized Least Squares (GLS) random-effects analysis with outcomes at 18 and at 22 years old. All analyses were adjusted for several covariates. Results The sample comprised 3,479 cohort members at 22 years. The presence of obesity at ≥ 2 follow-ups showed the highest mean values (SE) for IL-6 [2.45 (1.05)] and CRP [3.74 (1.11)] and the lowest mean value for adiponectin [8.60 (0.37)] (adjusted analyses, females) compared with other exposures; the highest mean of IL-6 [1.65 (1.05)] and CRP [1.78 (1.11)] and the lowest mean of adiponectin [9.98 (0.38)] were for the number of follow-ups with ≥2 exposures compared to those with no exposures at any follow-up (adjusted analyses, females). The longitudinal analysis showed an increase in obesity associated with IL-6 and CRP in both sexes and an inverse association with adiponectin in females; smoking (in males) was associated with IL-6 and CRP, harmful alcohol intake was associated with CRP in males, and increased in physical activity was inversely associated with CRP in men. Conclusion We concluded that obesity is the main exposure positively associated with IL-6 and CRP and inversely associated with adiponectin (mainly in females). Smoking is also associated with these markers in the longitudinal analysis (in males).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Isabel O. Oliveira
- Federal University of Pelotas—Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | - Gustavo Dias Ferreira
- Federal University of Pelotas—Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Helen Gonçalves
- Federal University of Pelotas—Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Pelotas, Brazil
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Chatterjee S, Tao JQ, Johncola A, Guo W, Caporale A, Langham MC, Wehrli FW. Acute exposure to e-cigarettes causes inflammation and pulmonary endothelial oxidative stress in nonsmoking, healthy young subjects. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 317:L155-L166. [PMID: 31042077 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00110.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of e-cigarette (e-cig) aerosol inhalation by nonsmokers have not been examined to date. The present study was designed to evaluate the acute response to aerosol inhalation of non-nicotinized e-cigarettes in terms of oxidative stress and indices of endothelial activation in human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMVEC). Ten smoking-naïve healthy subjects (mean age ± SD = 28.7 ± 5.5 yr) were subjected to an e-cig challenge, following which their serum was monitored for markers of inflammation [C-reactive protein (CRP) and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM)] and nitric oxide metabolites (NOx). The oxidative stress and inflammation burden of the circulating serum on the vascular network was also assessed by measuring reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and induction of ICAM-1 expression on HPMVEC. Our results show that serum indices of oxidative stress and inflammation increased significantly (P < 0.05 as compared with baseline), reaching a peak at approximately 1-2 h post-e-cig aerosol inhalation and returning to baseline levels at 6 h. The circulatory burden of the serum (ICAM-1 and ROS) increased significantly at 2 h and returned to baseline values 6 h post-e-cig challenge. ROS production by HPMVEC was found to occur via activation of the NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) pathways. These findings suggest that even in the absence of nicotine, acute e-cig aerosol inhalation leads to a transient increase in oxidative stress and inflammation. This can adversely affect the vascular endothelial network by promoting oxidative stress and immune cell adhesion. Thus e-cig inhalation has the potential to drive the onset of vascular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shampa Chatterjee
- Institute for Environmental Medicine and Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jian-Qin Tao
- Institute for Environmental Medicine and Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Alyssa Johncola
- Laboratory for Structural, Physiologic and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Health System , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Wensheng Guo
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Alessandra Caporale
- Laboratory for Structural, Physiologic and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Health System , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael C Langham
- Laboratory for Structural, Physiologic and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Health System , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Felix W Wehrli
- Laboratory for Structural, Physiologic and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Health System , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Al-Fadhel SZ, Al-Hakeim HK, Al-Dujaili AH, Maes M. IL-10 is associated with increased mu-opioid receptor levels in major depressive disorder. Eur Psychiatry 2019; 57:46-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractObjective:Activation of the immune-inflammatory response system (IRS) and the compensatory immune-regulatory system (CIRS) and aberrations in endogenous opioids play a role in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). There are no studies which examined the associations between both systems in MDD. The aim of the present study was to examine the relation between β-Endorphin (β-EP), Endomorphin-2, and their mu-opioid receptor (MOR) as well as interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, in MDD patients.Method:The study included 60 depressed drug-free male patients and 30 matched controls. Serum β-EP, Endomorphin-2, MOR, IL-6 and IL-10 levels were measured using ELISA techniques.Results:The results revealed a significant increase in serum β-EP, MOR, IL-6 and IL-10 in MDD patients versus healthy controls. MOR levels were strongly associated with IL-10 levels. There were no significant correlations between endogenous opioids and IL-6 and IL-10.Conclusion:The results show that MOR levels may function as a possible component of the CIRS whilst there is no evidence that β-EP and EM-2 may modify the IRS. The significant correlation between MOR levels and IL-10 may be explained through central activation of the HPA-axis and increased B-cell numbers expressing MOR as a response to cytokine over-secretion in MDD.
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Gianfrancesco MA, Trupin L, Shiboski S, van der Laan M, Graf J, Imboden J, Yazdany J, Schmajuk G. Smoking Is Associated with Higher Disease Activity in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Longitudinal Study Controlling for Time-varying Covariates. J Rheumatol 2018; 46:370-375. [PMID: 30504507 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.180262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prior studies around the relationship between smoking and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease activity have reported inconsistent findings, which may be ascribed to heterogeneous study designs or biases in statistical analyses. We examined the association between smoking and RA outcomes using statistical methods that account for time-varying confounding and loss to followup. METHODS We included 282 individuals with an RA diagnosis using electronic health record data collected at a public hospital between 2013 and 2017. Current smoking status and disease activity were assessed at each visit; covariates included sex, race/ethnicity, age, obesity, and medication use. We used longitudinal targeted maximum likelihood estimation to estimate the causal effect of smoking on disease activity measures at 27 months, and compared results to conventional longitudinal methods. RESULTS Smoking was associated with an increase of 0.64 units in the patient global score compared to nonsmoking (p = 0.01), and with 2.58 more swollen joints (p < 0.001). While smoking was associated with a higher clinical disease activity score (2.11), the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.22). We found no association between smoking and physician global score, or C-reactive protein levels, and an inverse association between smoking and tender joint count (p = 0.05). Analyses using conventional methods showed a null relationship for all outcomes. CONCLUSION Smoking is associated with higher levels of disease activity in RA. Causal methods may be useful for investigations of additional exposures on longitudinal outcome measures in rheumatologic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena A Gianfrancesco
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA. .,M.A. Gianfrancesco, PhD, MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; L. Trupin, MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; S. Shiboski, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco; M. van der Laan, PhD, Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley; J. Graf, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; J. Imboden, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; J. Yazdany, MD, MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; G. Schmajuk, MD, MS, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA.
| | - Laura Trupin
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.,M.A. Gianfrancesco, PhD, MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; L. Trupin, MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; S. Shiboski, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco; M. van der Laan, PhD, Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley; J. Graf, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; J. Imboden, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; J. Yazdany, MD, MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; G. Schmajuk, MD, MS, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Stephen Shiboski
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.,M.A. Gianfrancesco, PhD, MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; L. Trupin, MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; S. Shiboski, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco; M. van der Laan, PhD, Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley; J. Graf, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; J. Imboden, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; J. Yazdany, MD, MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; G. Schmajuk, MD, MS, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mark van der Laan
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.,M.A. Gianfrancesco, PhD, MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; L. Trupin, MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; S. Shiboski, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco; M. van der Laan, PhD, Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley; J. Graf, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; J. Imboden, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; J. Yazdany, MD, MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; G. Schmajuk, MD, MS, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jonathan Graf
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.,M.A. Gianfrancesco, PhD, MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; L. Trupin, MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; S. Shiboski, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco; M. van der Laan, PhD, Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley; J. Graf, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; J. Imboden, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; J. Yazdany, MD, MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; G. Schmajuk, MD, MS, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - John Imboden
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.,M.A. Gianfrancesco, PhD, MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; L. Trupin, MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; S. Shiboski, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco; M. van der Laan, PhD, Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley; J. Graf, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; J. Imboden, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; J. Yazdany, MD, MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; G. Schmajuk, MD, MS, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jinoos Yazdany
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.,M.A. Gianfrancesco, PhD, MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; L. Trupin, MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; S. Shiboski, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco; M. van der Laan, PhD, Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley; J. Graf, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; J. Imboden, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; J. Yazdany, MD, MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; G. Schmajuk, MD, MS, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Gabriela Schmajuk
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.,M.A. Gianfrancesco, PhD, MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; L. Trupin, MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; S. Shiboski, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco; M. van der Laan, PhD, Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley; J. Graf, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; J. Imboden, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; J. Yazdany, MD, MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; G. Schmajuk, MD, MS, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
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Solak I, Marakoglu K, Pekgor S, Kargin NC, Gederet YT, Alatas N, Eryilmaz MA. Sigara bırakma sonrası sistemik inflamatuar ve nazal mukosilier yanıttaki değişiklikler. FAMILY PRACTICE AND PALLIATIVE CARE 2018. [DOI: 10.22391/fppc.474484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Effect of Tobacco Smoking Cessation on C-Reactive Protein Levels in A Cohort of Low-Dose Computed Tomography Screening Participants. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12908. [PMID: 30150729 PMCID: PMC6110802 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29867-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Smokers have higher levels of C-Reactive Protein (CRP) compared to never smokers. The role of smoking cessation on CRP is still under debate. Using data from two screening studies conducted in Italy in 2000–2010 on 3050 heavy smokers (including 777 ex-smokers), we estimated multivariate odds ratios (OR) for high CRP (i.e. ≥2 mg/L) according to smoking status. Moreover, in a longitudinal analysis based on 975 current smokers, with a second measurement of CRP after an average study period of 3.4 years, we estimated the changes in CRP according to smoking cessation. Prevalence of high CRP at baseline was 35.8% among ex-smokers and 41.1% among current smokers (significant OR for ex- vs. current smokers: 0.79). After four years since smoking cessation, CRP levels significantly decreased with increasing years of cessation (significant OR for ex-smokers since more than 8 years: 0.55). In the longitudinal analysis, no significant reduction in CRP was found for time since smoking cessation (ORs: 1.21, 1.04, and 0.91 for ex-smokers since 1 year, 2–3 years, and ≥4 years, respectively). In the largest prospective study available so far, we found that smoking cessation has a favourable effect on CRP, but this benefit is not evident in the short-term.
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Mazul AL, Shivappa N, Hébert JR, Steck SE, Rodriguez-Ormaza N, Weissler M, Olshan AF, Zevallos JP. Proinflammatory diet is associated with increased risk of squamous cell head and neck cancer. Int J Cancer 2018; 143:1604-1610. [PMID: 29696631 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diets high in fruits and vegetables and low in red meat intake have been associated with decreased risk of head and neck cancer. Additionally, chronic inflammation pathways and their association with cancer have been widely described. We hypothesized a proinflammatory diet, as measured by the dietary inflammatory index (DII® ), is associated with increased risk of head and neck cancer. We used the Carolina Head and Neck Cancer (CHANCE) study, a population-based case-control study of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cases were recruited from a 46-county region in central North Carolina. Controls, frequency-matched on age, race, and sex were identified through the North Carolina Department of Motor Vehicle records. The DII score, adjusted for energy using the density approach (E-DII), was calculated from a food frequency questionnaire and split into four quartiles based on the distribution among controls. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were estimated with unconditional logistic regression. Cases had higher E-DII scores (i.e., a more proinflammatory diet) compared with controls (mean: -0.14 vs. -1.50; p value < 0.001). When compared with the lowest quartile, the OR for the highest quartile was 2.91 (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.16-3.95), followed by 1.93 (95% CI: 1.43-2.62) for the third quartile, and 1.37 (95% CI: 1.00-1.89) for the second quartile. Both alcohol and smoking had a significant additive interaction with E-DII (smoking relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI): 2.83; 95% CI: 1.36-4.30 and alcohol RERI: 1.75; 95% CI: 0.77-2.75). These results provide additional evidence for the association between proinflammatory diet and head and neck cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela L Mazul
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Nitin Shivappa
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, South Carolina Statewide Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - James R Hébert
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, South Carolina Statewide Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Susan E Steck
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, South Carolina Statewide Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Nidia Rodriguez-Ormaza
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Mark Weissler
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Andrew F Olshan
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Jose P Zevallos
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
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Kalahasthi RB, Barman T, Bagepally BS. Assessment of systemic inflammatory response markers in workers exposed to Pb from Pb battery plant. TOXIN REV 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2017.1402059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Babu Kalahasthi
- Department of Biochemistry, Regional Occupational Health Centre (Southern), ICMR, Bangalore, India
| | - Tapu Barman
- Department of Biochemistry, Regional Occupational Health Centre (Southern), ICMR, Bangalore, India
| | - Bhavani Shankara Bagepally
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Regional Occupational Health Centre (Southern), ICMR, Bangalore, India
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Nilsson MB, Sun H, Diao L, Tong P, Liu D, Li L, Fan Y, Poteete A, Lim SO, Howells K, Haddad V, Gomez D, Tran H, Pena GA, Sequist LV, Yang JC, Wang J, Kim ES, Herbst R, Lee JJ, Hong WK, Wistuba I, Hung MC, Sood AK, Heymach JV. Stress hormones promote EGFR inhibitor resistance in NSCLC: Implications for combinations with β-blockers. Sci Transl Med 2017; 9:eaao4307. [PMID: 29118262 PMCID: PMC5870120 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aao4307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) resistance mediated by T790M-independent mechanisms remains a major challenge in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We identified a targetable mechanism of EGFR inhibitor resistance whereby stress hormones activate β2-adrenergic receptors (β2-ARs) on NSCLC cells, which cooperatively signal with mutant EGFR, resulting in the inactivation of the tumor suppressor, liver kinase B1 (LKB1), and subsequently induce interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression. We show that stress and β2-AR activation promote tumor growth and EGFR inhibitor resistance, which can be abrogated with β-blockers or IL-6 inhibition. IL-6 was associated with a worse outcome in EGFR TKI-treated NSCLC patients, and β-blocker use was associated with lower IL-6 concentrations and improved benefit from EGFR inhibitors. These findings provide evidence that chronic stress hormones promote EGFR TKI resistance via β2-AR signaling by an LKB1/CREB (cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate response element-binding protein)/IL-6-dependent mechanism and suggest that combinations of β-blockers with EGFR TKIs merit further investigation as a strategy to abrogate resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique B Nilsson
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Huiying Sun
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lixia Diao
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pan Tong
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Diane Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lerong Li
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Youhong Fan
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alissa Poteete
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Seung-Oe Lim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | | | - Daniel Gomez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hai Tran
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Guillermo Armaiz Pena
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lecia V Sequist
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - James C Yang
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City 100, Taiwan
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Edward S Kim
- Solid Tumor Oncology and Investigational Therapeutics, Levine Cancer Institute Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC 28204, USA
| | - Roy Herbst
- Section of Medical Oncology, Yale Cancer Center and Smilow Cancer Hospital, Yale, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - J Jack Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Waun Ki Hong
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ignacio Wistuba
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Anil K Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - John V Heymach
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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39
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Mohammadi M, Gozashti MH, Aghadavood M, Mehdizadeh MR, Hayatbakhsh MM. Clinical Significance of Serum IL-6 and TNF-α Levels in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 6:74-79. [PMID: 29090232 PMCID: PMC5643447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several components of metabolic syndrome (MetS) facilitate its diagnosis, including abdominal obesity, hyperlipidemia, high blood pressure, and insulin resistance. The production of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) seem to be associated with MetS components. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between IL-6 and TNF-α serum levels with MetS and its components. METHODS This case-control study investigated 250 subjects, comprising 125 healthy controls from the Kerman Blood Transfusion Organization and 125 MetS patients. Serum IL-6 and TNF-α levels were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Serum IL-6 and TNF-α levels were greater in MetS patients than in controls. However, no correlation was observed between MetS components and IL-6 or TNF-α serum levels. CONCLUSION Patients with MetS had significantly greater serum IL-6 and TNF-α levels than the controls, supporting the evidence that inflammation plays an important role in the immunopathogenesis of the disease. Additionally, IL-6 and TNF-α serum levels may predict MetS. The lack of association between IL-6 and TNF-α serum levels and MetS components remains to be investigated by further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Mohammadi
- Allergy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Immunology, school of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hossein Gozashti
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Majid Aghadavood
- Department of Gastroenterology, Afzalipour hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | | | - Mohammad Mahdi Hayatbakhsh
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology sciences, kerman University of Medical
Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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40
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King CC, Piper ME, Gepner AD, Fiore MC, Baker TB, Stein JH. Longitudinal Impact of Smoking and Smoking Cessation on Inflammatory Markers of Cardiovascular Disease Risk. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 37:374-379. [PMID: 27932354 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.308728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate longitudinal changes in 6 inflammatory markers that predict cardiovascular disease events among smokers making a quit attempt and to characterize their cross-sectional associations between smoking and smoking heaviness. APPROACH AND RESULTS In a longitudinal cohort study of contemporary smokers (n=1652), we evaluated (1) independent associations of smoking heaviness markers (exhaled carbon monoxide, cigarettes/d, pack-years) with inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, D-dimer, fibrinogen, urinary F2 isoprostane:creatinine [F2:Cr] ratio, white blood cell [WBC] count, myeloperoxidase) and (2) the effects of smoking cessation and continued smoking on these inflammatory markers after 1 year, among the 888 smokers who made an aided quit attempt as part of a randomized comparative effectiveness trial or standard care. There were strong, independent associations between smoking heaviness markers and the F2:Cr ratio, WBC, and myeloperoxidase (all Padj<0.001), but not high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, D-dimer, or fibrinogen. Participants were mean (SD) 49.6 years old (11.6), 54% women, 34% non-white, and smoked 16.8 cigarettes/d (8.5) for 27.3 pack-years (18.6). After 1 year, the 344 successful abstainers gained more weight (4.0 [6.0] versus 0.4 [5.7] pounds; P<0.001) and had larger increases in insulin resistance scores (P=0.02) than continuing smokers. Despite these increases, abstainers had significant decreases in F2:Cr ratio (P<0.001) and WBC counts (P<0.001). Changes in other markers were not related to quitting. CONCLUSIONS Smoking heaviness is associated with increased F2:Cr ratio, myeloperoxidase, and WBC counts. Cessation improves the F2:Cr ratio and WBC counts independent of weight change, suggesting reduced inflammation related to less oxidant stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecile C King
- From the Department of Medicine (C.C.K., M.E.P., A.D.G., M.C.F., T.B.B., J.H.S.) and Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention (M.E.P., M.C.F., T.B.B.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison
| | - Megan E Piper
- From the Department of Medicine (C.C.K., M.E.P., A.D.G., M.C.F., T.B.B., J.H.S.) and Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention (M.E.P., M.C.F., T.B.B.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison
| | - Adam D Gepner
- From the Department of Medicine (C.C.K., M.E.P., A.D.G., M.C.F., T.B.B., J.H.S.) and Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention (M.E.P., M.C.F., T.B.B.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison
| | - Michael C Fiore
- From the Department of Medicine (C.C.K., M.E.P., A.D.G., M.C.F., T.B.B., J.H.S.) and Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention (M.E.P., M.C.F., T.B.B.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison
| | - Timothy B Baker
- From the Department of Medicine (C.C.K., M.E.P., A.D.G., M.C.F., T.B.B., J.H.S.) and Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention (M.E.P., M.C.F., T.B.B.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison
| | - James H Stein
- From the Department of Medicine (C.C.K., M.E.P., A.D.G., M.C.F., T.B.B., J.H.S.) and Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention (M.E.P., M.C.F., T.B.B.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison.
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41
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Verde Z, González-Moro JMR, Chicharro LM, Reinoso-Barbero L, Bandrés F, Gómez-Gallego F, Santiago C. A Paradox: α-Klotho Levels and Smoking Intensity. Lung 2016; 195:53-57. [PMID: 27752830 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-016-9944-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Reports regarding smoking differences in α-klotho expression have provided conflicting results. In the current study we focused on the influence of smoking intensity to serum levels of the aging molecule α-klotho in healthy smokers. 40 middle aged healthy smokers without airway obstruction or restriction were selected for the analysis. Serum levels of soluble α-klotho were significantly higher in heavy smokers (P < 0.001). These results are in agreement with the possibility that α-klotho acts as anti-inflammatory molecule and strengthen the hypothesis that an increase of serum levels of α-klotho might be a compensatory response to smoking stress in healthy population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoraida Verde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Europea, 28670, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Luis M Chicharro
- Cátedra Complutense Diagnostic and Innovation, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Reinoso-Barbero
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Europea, 28670, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
- Occupational Medicine, Grupo Banco Popular, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Bandrés
- Department of Toxicology and Health Sanitary, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Catalina Santiago
- School of Doctoral Studies & Research, Universidad Europea, Madrid, Spain
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Impact of Cigarette Smoking on Tear Function and Correlation between Conjunctival Goblet Cells and Tear MUC5AC Concentration in Office Workers. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27699. [PMID: 27297822 PMCID: PMC4906346 DOI: 10.1038/srep27699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The first aim of this study was to clarify whether cigarette smoking affects tear secretion, goblet cell density, and tear MUC5AC concentration. The second purpose was to evaluate the correlations of conjunctival goblet cell density with tear MUC5AC concentration and other ocular surface evaluation factors. This cross-sectional study included 88 office workers. All subjects were required to fill in dry eye and smoking questionnaires, in addition to ocular surface evaluation. Tear wash fluid was collected from inferior fornix, and conjunctival epithelium was obtained by impression cytology. Tear MUC5AC concentration was quantified using enzyme-linked immunoassay, and conjunctival goblet cell density was counted after Periodic-acid Schiff staining. Tear MUC5AC concentration had significant positive correlation with conjunctival goblet cell density (r = 0.181, P = 0.03). In current smokers, Schirmer I test value, goblet cell density and tear MUC5AC concentration were significantly lower than non-smokers. Pack-years of smoking have significant negative correlation with goblet cell density (r = −0.174, P = 0.036) and tear MUC5AC concentration (r = −0.183, P = 0.028). We concluded that smoking might decrease tear secretion, goblet cell density and tear MUC5AC concentration. In addition, MUC5AC concentration in tears depends on goblet cell density in the conjunctiva among office workers.
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