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Gaballah S, El-Deen DS, Hebeshy MI. Effect of effleurage massage therapy on sleep disturbance, fatigue, pain, and anxiety in patients with multiple sclerosis: A quasi-experimental study. Appl Nurs Res 2023; 73:151719. [PMID: 37722787 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnr.2023.151719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatigue, pain, sleep disturbance, and anxiety are prevalent symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS) and frequent complaints in MS patients, which reduce their quality of life. Many studies have shown that massage therapy improves MS patients' symptoms. However, the effect of effleurage massage on sleep disturbance, fatigue, pain, and anxiety in patients with MS is not studied in Egypt. AIM To examine the effect of Effleurage massage therapy on sleep disturbance, fatigue, pain, and anxiety in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS This research study has a quasi-experimental design, with control and intervention groups, and pre and post-tests conducted at the multiple sclerosis in-patient clinic at one Egyptian hospital between May 2019 and January 2020. Sixty adult female patients with MS were recruited, with 30 patients in the control group and 30 in the intervention group. The intervention group received Effleurage massage therapy intervention three times a week for two weeks, and each session lasted about 20 min. Patients in the control group received routine hospital care. Data were collected using the patient's demographic and medical data sheet, Insomnia Severity Index, Modified Fatigue Impact Scale, Numeric Pain Rating Scale, and Beck Anxiety Inventory before and after the intervention. RESULTS Significant improvement was observed in pain, sleep, fatigue, and anxiety in the massage group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Based on the current study, Effleurage massage intervention for MS patients could have possible clinical value for improving sleep disturbance, palliating pain, fatigue, and reducing anxiety. Egyptian nurses can integrate massage therapy into the routine nursing care of patients with MS. Effleurage massage could be an adjunct treatment modality for MS patients; however, more significant studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia Gaballah
- Medical-Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Suez Canal University, Egypt.
| | - Dalia Salah El-Deen
- Medical-Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Cairo University, Kasr EL ainy, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mona Ibrahim Hebeshy
- Medical-Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Suez Canal University, Egypt; School of Nursing, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, USA.
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Alswat AM, Altirkistani BA, Alserihi AR, Baeshen OK, Alrushid ES, Alkhudair J, Aldbas AA, Wadaan OM, Alsaleh A, Al Malik YM, Abulaban AA, Makkawi S. The prevalence of major depression and generalized anxiety disorder in patients with multiple sclerosis in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional multicentered study. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1195101. [PMID: 37706033 PMCID: PMC10496114 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1195101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic, progressive neurodegeneration of the central nervous system (CNS), and it is the most common inflammatory neurological disease affecting young adults. Given the chronic, progressive nature of the disease, psychiatric disorders are more prevalent among these patients, as reported in the literature; however, data in Saudi Arabia are limited. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of major depression and generalized anxiety disorder in patients with MS and their association with different patient demographics. Methods This was a cross-sectional, multicentered study that included adult patients with MS from 30 June 2021 to 30 June 2022. Participants were interviewed in person and asked to complete a survey that included general demographics, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) questionnaire. Other variables related to the patients' conditions, such as MS type and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score, were collected from the patient's electronic records. Descriptive statistics were performed, and associations were made using the chi-square, Fisher's exact, and analysis of variance tests, as appropriate. Results A total of 192 participants were included in this study. Based on a cutoff score of >10 on the GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scales, the prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder was 26.1% (50), with the majority of participants having minimal anxiety (40%); meanwhile, the prevalence of major depression was 42.7% (n = 82), and most of them had mild depression (30%). Female participants scored significantly higher compared to men on the GAD-7 scale (p = 0.0376), but not on the PHQ-9 scale (p = 0.1134). In addition, no statistically significant association was detected between functional disability (EDSS score) and prevalence of anxiety and depression. Conclusion This study demonstrated a high prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder and major depression among patients with MS compared with that in the general population, with women being more affected. As these comorbid disorders could negatively affect the disease course, screening is of paramount significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anas M. Alswat
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bsaim A. Altirkistani
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas R. Alserihi
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama K. Baeshen
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eythar S. Alrushid
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Joud Alkhudair
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz A. Aldbas
- Division of Neurology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of the National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama M. Wadaan
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Alsaleh
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of the National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yaser M. Al Malik
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Division of Neurology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of the National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad A. Abulaban
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Division of Neurology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of the National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Seraj Makkawi
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of the National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Alkaabi AJ, Alkous A, Mahmoud K, AlMansoori A, Elbarazi I, Suliman A, Alam Z, AlAwadi F, Al-Maskari F. The prevalence and correlates of depression among patients with chronic diseases in the United Arab Emirates. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278818. [PMID: 36516141 PMCID: PMC9749973 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic diseases constitute a major public health problem in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity. Chronic diseases have been found to be associated with an increased prevalence of depression and depressive symptoms. Depression can have detrimental effect on the prognosis of the disease and quality of life in patients. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and correlates of depression in a sample of patients suffering from chronic disease in Al-Ain city, UAE. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional survey based study was conducted with 417 participants recruited from seven primary health care centers of Al-Ain city. Men and women aged 18 years and above suffering from chronic disease filled the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Univariate and multivariable logistic regressions were performed on the collected data to investigate correlates of different factors with depression. Data was analyzed using SPSS (version 26). The study was approved by Ambulatory Healthcare Services (AHS) Human Ethics Research Committee. RESULTS The majority 62.41% (n = 254) of the sample were females, 57.97% (n = 240) aged above 55 years and with a median (Q25, Q75) duration of chronic disease of 8 (4, 15) years. The prevalence of depression was 21.1% (95% CI: 17.5%-25.3%). With severe depression was in 1.7% and mild-moderate in 34.7% of the participants. Depression severity was statistically significantly associated with increasing age (p = 0.006), low level of education (p<0.001), presence of asthma (p = 0.007) and heart disease (p = 0.013). Unadjusted logistic regression reported that presence of depression was significantly associated with female gender (cOR = 1.8, [95% CI; 1.1-3.1], p = 0.025), and presence of chronic kidney disease (cOR = 4.9, [95% CI; 1.3-20.2], p = 0.020) and heart disease (cOR = 2.9, [95% CI; 1.6-5.4], p = 0.001) longer duration of disease in years (cOR = 1.04, [95% CI; 1.01-1.07], p = 0.003). However, in the adjusted logistic regression analysis, participants with heart disease (aOR = 2.8, [95% CI; 1.4-5.5], p = 0.004), and with longer duration of disease (aOR = 1.04, [1.01-1.07], p = 0.014) remained significantly associated statistically with higher chance of having depression. CONCLUSION The prevalence of depression was quite high and the study highlights for health care professionals and policy makers, the importance of mental health support as part of a comprehensive management plan for patients with chronic diseases. A multidisciplinary comprehensive program will improve the long-term outcomes of these patients. Patients with chronic diseases may need more support and counseling at primary health care levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. J. Alkaabi
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, AlAin, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - A. Alkous
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, AlAin, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - K. Mahmoud
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, AlAin, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - A. AlMansoori
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, AlAin, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Iffat Elbarazi
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, AlAin, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Abubaker Suliman
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, AlAin, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Zufishan Alam
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, AlAin, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | | | - Fatima Al-Maskari
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, AlAin, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Zayed Centre for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, AlAin, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- * E-mail:
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Jiang J, Zhang C, Abduljabbar S, Osier N. The Relationship Between Stress and Disease Onset and Relapse in Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2022; 67:104142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2022.104142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ghahremani A, Mosa Farkhani S, Baniasadi M, Hojjat SK, Namdar Ahmadabad H, Salarbashi D, Elyasi S, Davoodian N. Personality traits of patients with multiple sclerosis and their correlation with anxiety and depression levels: A cross‐sectional case–control study. Brain Behav 2022; 12. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1002/brb3.2596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractObjectiveMultiple sclerosis is a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that can cause severe disability and impair the quality of life (QoL).MethodsIn the current cross‐sectional, case–control study, we investigated personality traits, anxiety and depression levels, in 101 patients in the case group and 202 individuals as a control group. The personality traits of the participants were collected via the Neuroticism‐Extraversion‐Openness Five‐Factor Inventory (NEO‐FFI) questionnaire. We evaluated the level of anxiety and depression based on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale questionnaire.ResultsOur study showed in patients with disease duration above 1 year, the rates of agreement (29.78), anxiety (8.83), and depression level (6.39) were significantly higher than the control group (27.19, 6.47, and 4.97, respectively). Although patients with disease duration below 1 year showed a higher level of agreement and conscientiousness (29.65 and 34.35, respectively) than controls (26.6 and 30.86, respectively). The level of anxiety and depression in patients with a disability index above 4.5 was significantly higher than patients with a disability index below 1. Patients with a disability index below 1 showed a higher rate of extraversion and agreement and conscientiousness (31.47, 31.53, and 35.07, respectively) than controls (25.5, 26.23, and 3033, respectively). In addition, patients with a disability index above 4.5 showed a higher level of agreement (35.64), conscientiousness (35.5), anxiety (9.64), and depression (7.5) than controls (25.96, 30.71, 6.96, and 4.71, respectively).ConclusionsIn conclusion, anxiety and depression levels were much higher among MS patients compared with controls and the severity of these conditions correlate with the score of the disability index. Therefore, a complete comprehension of these conditions by the neurologist could be vital in improving patients’ QoL and increasing compliance and adherence to pharmacological therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirali Ghahremani
- Department of Neurology North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences Bojnord Iran
| | - Sahar Mosa Farkhani
- Department of Neurology North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences Bojnord Iran
| | - Mahsa Baniasadi
- Department of Neurology North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences Bojnord Iran
| | - Seyed Kaveh Hojjat
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Sleep Medicine, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Hasan Namdar Ahmadabad
- Department of Pathobiology and Laboratory Sciences North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences Bojnord Iran
| | - Davoud Salarbashi
- Nursing Research Center Gonabad University of Medical Sciences Gonabad Iran
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition School of Medicine Gonabad University of Medical Sciences Gonabad Iran
| | - Sepideh Elyasi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Najmeh Davoodian
- Infectious Diseases Research Centre Gonabad University of Medical Sciences Gonabad Iran
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Ghahremani A, Mosa Farkhani S, Baniasadi M, Hojjat SK, Namdar Ahmadabad H, Salarbashi D, Elyasi S, Davoodian N. Personality traits of patients with multiple sclerosis and their correlation with anxiety and depression levels: A cross-sectional case-control study. Brain Behav 2022; 12:e2596. [PMID: 35452562 PMCID: PMC9120902 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Multiple sclerosis is a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that can cause severe disability and impair the quality of life (QoL). METHODS In the current cross-sectional, case-control study, we investigated personality traits, anxiety and depression levels, in 101 patients in the case group and 202 individuals as a control group. The personality traits of the participants were collected via the Neuroticism-Extraversion-Openness Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) questionnaire. We evaluated the level of anxiety and depression based on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale questionnaire. RESULTS Our study showed in patients with disease duration above 1 year, the rates of agreement (29.78), anxiety (8.83), and depression level (6.39) were significantly higher than the control group (27.19, 6.47, and 4.97, respectively). Although patients with disease duration below 1 year showed a higher level of agreement and conscientiousness (29.65 and 34.35, respectively) than controls (26.6 and 30.86, respectively). The level of anxiety and depression in patients with a disability index above 4.5 was significantly higher than patients with a disability index below 1. Patients with a disability index below 1 showed a higher rate of extraversion and agreement and conscientiousness (31.47, 31.53, and 35.07, respectively) than controls (25.5, 26.23, and 3033, respectively). In addition, patients with a disability index above 4.5 showed a higher level of agreement (35.64), conscientiousness (35.5), anxiety (9.64), and depression (7.5) than controls (25.96, 30.71, 6.96, and 4.71, respectively). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, anxiety and depression levels were much higher among MS patients compared with controls and the severity of these conditions correlate with the score of the disability index. Therefore, a complete comprehension of these conditions by the neurologist could be vital in improving patients' QoL and increasing compliance and adherence to pharmacological therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirali Ghahremani
- Department of Neurology, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnord, Iran
| | - Sahar Mosa Farkhani
- Department of Neurology, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnord, Iran
| | - Mahsa Baniasadi
- Department of Neurology, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnord, Iran
| | - Seyed Kaveh Hojjat
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Sleep Medicine, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hasan Namdar Ahmadabad
- Department of Pathobiology and Laboratory Sciences, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnord, Iran
| | - Davoud Salarbashi
- Nursing Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran.,Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Sepideh Elyasi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Najmeh Davoodian
- Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
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AlSaeed S, Aljouee T, Alkhawajah NM, Alarieh R, AlGarni H, Aljarallah S, Ayyash M, Abu-Shaheen A. Fatigue, Depression, and Anxiety Among Ambulating Multiple Sclerosis Patients. Front Immunol 2022; 13:844461. [PMID: 35422797 PMCID: PMC9004709 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.844461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease associated with adverse effects: including depression, anxiety, fatigue, which may affect physical activity and the quality of life (QoL) among patients with MS (pwMS). Objective This study aims to assess the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and fatigue among pwMS who have no physical disability in Saudi Arabia, and demonstrate any correlation between these factors and physical activity as well as the QoL. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Neuroimmunology outpatient clinics in King Fahad Medical City (KFMC) and King Saud University Medical City (KSUMC) in Riyadh City, KSA. The Arabic version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to measure anxiety and depression levels. The HADS scores were then categorized into three levels according to the total points: normal (0–7 points), borderline (7–10 points), and anxiety/depression (11 – 21 points). The Arabic version of the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) was used to measure fatigue (cut-off point ≥5). The physical activity was measured by the Arabic version of the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), which measure time spent walking, moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity of at least 10 minutes duration. The QoL was also measured by the Arabic version of the EuroQOL five-dimensional (EQ-5D-3L) instrument (i.e., mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression). Results A total of 323 pwMS participated in this study, 83 had scores that indicated anxiety (25.7%) and 44 had depression (13.6%). The majority of patients had scores with the normal range of depression and anxiety (70% and 57% respectively). The mean of EuroQol Group visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS) score was 80.43 (SD=19.8). 156 (48.3%) out of 323 pwMS reported fatigue while the remainder had no fatigue (n=167, 51.7%). The results indicate that only 143 patients (44.3%) had participated in vigorous physical activity during the last 70 days, with a median of 3 days per week (IQR= 5–3) and a median of 60 minutes per day 0 (Interquartile range: IQR = 60–30). Only 149 patients (49.2%) had patricpated in moderate physical activities during the previous week with a median of 3 days per week (IQR = 5–3) and a median of 40 minutes per day (IQR = 60–30). 194 patients had participated in walking activities (60.0%) with a median of 5 days per week (IQR = 7–3) and a median of 45 minutes per day (IQR = 60–30). The results revealed that fatigue was positively correlated with depression (r = 0.407, p-value < 0.001) and anxiety (r = 0.289, p-value < 0.001). Conclusion The current study shows depression, anxiety, and fatigue tend to be correlated and clustered together among pwMS in our cohort. However, fatigue is not associated with the intensity of physical activity undertaken. The results of this study are important for the improvement of the clinical management of MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safanah AlSaeed
- Physical Therapy Department, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tamadher Aljouee
- Physical Therapy Department, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Rola Alarieh
- Department of Neurology, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan AlGarni
- Physical Therapy Department, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohsen Ayyash
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
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AlSaeed S, Alkhawajah NM, Ayyash M, Aljarallah S, Alarieh R, Abu-Shaheen A. Assessment of factors associated with depression and anxiety among pwMS in Saudi Arabia. BMC Neurol 2022; 22:120. [PMID: 35337277 PMCID: PMC8948449 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-022-02632-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory chronic disease that is characterized by an increased prevalence of adverse mental health outcomes in patients with MS (pwMS). The main aim of this study is to investigate the factors of depression and anxiety in pwMS in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Materials and methods This is a cross-sectional study conducted in KSA during the period from March to June 2020. Participants were recruited from the Neuroimmunology clinics in King Fahad Medical City (KFMC) and King Saud University medical city (KSUMC)in Riyadh City, KSA. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to measure depression and anxiety. Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) was used to measure fatigue in pwMS. A simple random sampling technique was utilized to select participants and the data were analyzed using SPSS v.24.0. Results A total of 529 participants participated in this study with a response rate of 53.1%. The prevalences of anxiety and depression were 35.3% and 19.7%, respectively. The findings also revealed that depression was more likely to be significantly affected by being male, low education, unemployment, physical inactivity, and fatigue but the anxiety was significantly affected by region, unemployment, short duration since last MS relapse, physical inactivity, and fatigue. Conclusion Anxiety and depression are not uncommon in pwMS. Given their impact on the lives of affected patients, early detection and management of these symptoms and their associated factors are crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mohsen Ayyash
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | | | - Rola Alarieh
- Department of Nuerology, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Thomas J, Terry JP. Containing COVID‐19 risk in the UAE: Mass quarantine, mental health, and implications for crisis management. RISK, HAZARDS & CRISIS IN PUBLIC POLICY 2022; 13:9-27. [PMID: 34909109 PMCID: PMC8662178 DOI: 10.1002/rhc3.12237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The COVID‐19 pandemic is the first global “NASECH disaster,” owing to its natural hazard (NH) origin and unprecedented subsequent repercussions for global society (S), economy (EC), and health (H). Emergency health control measures required the implementation of compulsory mass quarantine (CMQ) or so‐called periods of “lockdown.” Yet, CMQ is an instrument with iatrogenic consequences, associated with a rise in societal levels of depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress. With a view to informing future crisis management, the study investigated sociodemographic factors associated with mental wellbeing during the March–April 2020 lockdown in the United Arab Emirates. Respondents (n = 1585) completed self‐report measures of depression (PHQ8) and generalized anxiety (GAD7). Rates of symptomatology were notably higher than those observed in similar UAE‐based studies before the pandemic. Younger age, urban‐dwelling, female‐gender, and a history of mental health problems were significant factors linked to elevated levels of depression and anxiety. Findings emphasize (1) the crucial need for psychological intervention after disasters and (2) the importance of strengthening the nexus at the intersection of public health and disaster risk reduction (DRR). Implications are that future pandemic containment would benefit from adopting new Health–DRR paradigms and ensuring these are effectively translated into disaster policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Thomas
- Department of Psychology, College of Natural and Health Sciences Zayed University Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - James P. Terry
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences Zayed University Dubai United Arab Emirates
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Busch AK, Fringer A. Psychosocial Impact of Multiple Sclerosis on Couples: Relationship Between Anxiety, Depression, and Stress Communication of Both Partners. J Prim Care Community Health 2022; 13:21501319221119142. [PMID: 36039811 PMCID: PMC9434664 DOI: 10.1177/21501319221119142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) influences the relationships of affected couples,
whereby the disease-related stress can lead to a deterioration of
communication. This, in turn, makes it difficult for the couples to cope
successfully. To support couples affected by MS for coping with the disease,
the first step in developing an intervention is to examine whether this
situation also applies in the Swiss context. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to examine the psychosocial situation
of couples where 1 partner has MS, regarding anxiety, depression, and stress
communication. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scales (HADS-D) were used
to assess depression and anxiety in both partners of 462 couples, while
their stress communication was assessed using questions formulated according
to the corresponding subscales of the Dyadic Coping Inventory (DCI). A
comparison of the assessments of both partners was performed using the
Mann-Whitney U test. Furthermore, the relationship between
their stress communication and the severity of anxiety and depression was
calculated using Spearman’s rank correlation. Results: Life partners rated the stress communication of their partners with MS
significantly higher than the partners with MS themselves. Moreover, life
partners could not distinguish whether their partners with MS expressed a
sense of burden or a need for support. These findings indicate that the
stress communication skills of both partners show potential for
optimization. Health status regarding depression and anxiety revealed the
following: 34.2% of the persons with MS and 34% of their life partners
experienced clinically high levels of anxiety (HADS-D/A ≥ 8.0), and 31.4% of
those with MS and 20.2% of the life partners showed clinically high levels
of depression (HADS-D/D ≥ 8.0). Conclusion: In the Swiss context, psychosocial intervention, which includes communication
training for both partners, might be effective in improving the health
status regarding depression and anxiety as well as the stress
communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada-Katrin Busch
- Faculty of Health, Department of Nursing Science, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany.,School of Health Science, Institute of Nursing, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - André Fringer
- Faculty of Health, Department of Nursing Science, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
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11
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Aljishi RH, Almatrafi RJ, Alzayer ZA, Alkhamis BA, Yaseen EE, Alkhotani AM. Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2021; 13:e20792. [PMID: 34993046 PMCID: PMC8720031 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.20792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease of progressive demyelination in the central nervous system and carries a significant risk for depression and other psychological difficulties associated with low quality of life. There is a paucity of data on the prevalence of anxiety and depression in Saudi Arabia among patients with MS. We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of anxiety and depression in Saudi Arabia among patients with MS by age, disease severity, compliance to medication, and social support. Methods This cross-sectional study measured the prevalence of anxiety and depression in 184 adult patients with MS. The patients were selected through a random sampling method from a pool of MS societies in Saudi Arabia. The participants completed self-administered questionnaires that included demographic variables. The participants also completed the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and the General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) questionnaire. Results Depression was detected among 139 (75.5%) patients with MS, with most participants having mild depression (31%). More women (83.1%) experienced depression than men (62.1%; p = 0.002). Anxiety disorder was present in 123 (66.8%) patients with MS, and most had mild anxiety (n = 56; 30.4%). Conclusion We found a very high rate of depression and anxiety among patients with MS in Saudi Arabia. Our results highlight the need for periodic screening and examination of patients with MS by psychiatrists to facilitate the early detection and treatment of these comorbidities, potentially improving patient quality of life and health outcomes.
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12
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Garcia-Cañibano B, Ouanes S, Ganesan GS, Yousuf W, Humos B, Baig T, Ibrahim F, Singh R, Deleu D. Real-world experience of ocrelizumab in multiple sclerosis in an Arab population. J Drug Assess 2021; 10:106-113. [PMID: 34692185 PMCID: PMC8530478 DOI: 10.1080/21556660.2021.1989193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Pivotal clinical trials revealed good clinical efficiency of ocrelizumab while having a good safety profile in the management of multiple sclerosis (MS). However, real-world data of ocrelizumab in daily clinical practice remain scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the preliminary safety profile and effectiveness of ocrelizumab treatment for MS in an Arab population in a real-world clinical setting. Methods In this retrospective single-center observational study in Qatar, we reviewed the medical records and analyzed the clinical and MRI data of all patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) and active secondary progressive MS (aSPMS)—between October 2017 through December 2020—who had received at least one infusion of ocrelizumab (Q-OCRE). Results A total of 60 MS patients were included (57 with RRMS, three SPMS). The Median follow-up period was 19 months (range, 1–32). The most common reason for switching to ocrelizumab was increased disease activity and three-quarters of the patients were on a previous disease-modifying drug (DMD). No evidence of disease activity (NEDA) status at year 1 was achieved in 73% of the cohort. Mild infusion-related reactions (IRR) and infections were reported (mainly upper respiratory tract infections followed by urinary tract infection) with a declining percentage over the follow-up applications. No severe side effects were observed. Conclusion Our real-world experience confirms good efficacy, tolerability, and safety of ocrelizumab in our Arab population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Garcia-Cañibano
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sami Ouanes
- Department of Psychiatry, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | | | | | - Faiza Ibrahim
- Clinical Services Unit, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rajvir Singh
- Cardiology Research Center, Heart Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Dirk Deleu
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar
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13
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Mahboobi M, Khashandish A, Moghadasi AN, Sahraian MA, Bahrami-Hidaji M, Etesam F. The contribution of self-disclosure to the prediction of mood symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis. CURRENT JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY 2021; 20:214-221. [PMID: 38011440 PMCID: PMC9107574 DOI: 10.18502/cjn.v20i4.8347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: Depression and anxiety are the most prevalent psychological symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and have a significant impact on quality of life (QOL) and disability progression in the patients. Therefore, it is very important to find ways to reduce the impact of these disorders on patients with MS. The data suggest that self-disclosure may be beneficial in improving symptoms of depression and anxiety in many chronic diseases. Due to the scarcity of related studies, this cross-sectional research aimed to evaluate the relations between self-disclosure, anxiety, and depression in patients with MS. Methods: 112 patients with MS from several referral outpatient MS clinics participated in the study. Data were extracted using socio-demographic questionnaire to determine clinical variables and patient characteristics, Distress Disclosure Index (DDI) to assess self-disclosure, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) to evaluate mood states, and Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) recorded by an experienced neurologist. Results: Multiple linear regression analysis with controlling disease variables demonstrated distress disclosure as an independent factor to predict anxiety and depression in the patients (P < 0.05). Results also presented a significant, positive relationship between hospitalization history and disability levels with anxiety and depression. These findings clearly state that these two variables can accurately predict a heightened state of anxiety and depression in patients with MS. Conclusion: This study provides empirical support for the positive role of disclosure in decreasing the negative emotions in MS. Further studies are needed to clarify the effects of disclosing MS in different cultural and situational contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Mahboobi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abbas Khashandish
- Department of Psychology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Abdorreza Naser Moghadasi
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Sahraian
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Farnaz Etesam
- Psychosomatic Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Baharloo Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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14
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Chan CK, Tian F, Pimentel Maldonado D, Mowry EM, Fitzgerald KC. Depression in multiple sclerosis across the adult lifespan. Mult Scler 2021; 27:1771-1780. [PMID: 33307963 PMCID: PMC8200363 DOI: 10.1177/1352458520979304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to examine the burden of depressive symptoms across the adult age span in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) and test if the relationship between depressive symptoms and MS characteristics vary across age groups. METHODS In analyses of the MS Partners Advancing Technology and Health Solutions (MS PATHS) network of adults with MS, we compared the prevalence of depression in MS PATHS with non-MS controls across age and evaluated for effect modification by age in the association between depressive symptoms and clinical and neuroperformance measures via multivariable-adjusted regression models. RESULTS In total, 13,821 individuals with MS were included. The prevalence of depression was higher in MS versus non-MS controls, but was similar between men/women across age. The association between depression and processing speed (PST; p for interaction = 0.009) or walking speed (p for interaction = 0.04) varied by age. For example, younger depressed individuals had 0.45 standard deviation (SD) (95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.62, -0.29) worse PST Z-scores versus non-depressed younger participants, whereas older depressed individuals had 0.20 SD (95% CI = -0.32, -0.08) worse PST Z-scores versus non-depressed older participants. CONCLUSION Depressive symptoms and age should be considered when interpreting measures of walking speed and cognitive function; these findings may have implications for analyses of neuroperformance change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol K Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fan Tian
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Ellen M Mowry
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kathryn C Fitzgerald
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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15
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The Effect of Benson Relaxation Technique on Depression, Anxiety, and Stress of Jordanian Patients Diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis: A Cross-Sectional Study. DEPRESSION RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2021; 2021:8300497. [PMID: 34691780 PMCID: PMC8528579 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8300497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Depression, anxiety, and stress (DAS) are common symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and are highly correlated with poor quality of life. Managing DAS among such patients can improve their quality of life (QoL), empowering them with improved autonomy, self-care, independency, and ability to perform daily activities. This study is aimed at examining the effectiveness of the Benson Relaxation Technique (BRT) on reducing DAS among patients diagnosed with MS in Jordan. This quasiexperimental study of 105 Jordanian patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis tested an intervention group (60 patients) who received BRT and a control group (45 patients) who received normal treatment. Data were collected from January 2021 to April 2021, using the Arabic version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS21). The intervention group was instructed to perform the BRT two times a day for 10 minutes at home for eight weeks at two specific times, with 7-8-hour intervals between each episode. STROBE guidelines were followed in reporting the review. At the baseline comparison, there was no statistical difference between the interventional and control groups with regard to DAS. The levels of DAS between the two groups after three months of the last sessions of the intervention (postintervention) were compared. The results showed that the intervention group had significantly lower levels of DAS compared to the control group. The levels of the DAS were significantly lower for the intervention group postintervention. Adding relaxation techniques to the therapeutic routine is a cost-effective complementary treatment to decrease DAS among MS patients and improve their QoL. Relevance to Practice. This study provides a baseline of data that could facilitate further investigations in the future to improve the quality of services delivered to such patients and thus their QoL and satisfaction.
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16
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Bahathig A, Alblowi MA, Alhilali AA, AlJasim BS, Alhelow M, Aldakheel H, Alodayani N, Hikri N. The Prevalence and Association of Depression and Anxiety With Multiple Sclerosis in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2020; 12:e12389. [PMID: 33532152 PMCID: PMC7845751 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.12389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Multiple sclerosis (MS) is often associated with depression and anxiety, with no clear prevalence, and the relationship between them is not fully understood. Methods In a cross-sectional study of 365 multiple sclerosis patients selected through a random sampling method from the MS society of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, we collected data by self-administered questionnaires - the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) questionnaire - and analyzed by descriptive and analytical statistics. Results Approximately 51.1% of participants had moderate or severe anxiety and 64% of them had depression among community-based multiple sclerosis patients according to Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) questionnaire, and according to the PHQ-9 Arabic version about 28.85% showed mild to moderate depression. The MS patients aged 53 to over 60 years showed higher levels of mild anxiety (76.32%) and higher levels of depression ranging from mild to moderate (53.61%) (P = 0.001). While the MS patients younger than 53 years showed moderate to severe anxiety (60.71%) and depression levels (62.32%). In different age group bad health status (37.6%) was associated with a higher prevalence of depression levels (P =< 0.001) and people who were widowed (22.38%), divorced (26%), and separated (37.82%) had significant depression levels (P = 0.017). In terms of anxiety, 54.58% of females had anxiety (P = 0.005), more older people showed anxiety (43.17%) (P = 0.026), and people with a bad general health state (26.38%) had anxiety (P = <0.001). Conclusion Among different types of MS patients, anxiety is more prevalent in the elder group (76%) of people and depression is more prevalent in young patients (62%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Bahathig
- Psychiatry, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAU
| | | | | | | | | | - Hamad Aldakheel
- College of Medicine, Al-Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Nasser Alodayani
- College of Medicine, Al-Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, SAU
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17
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Hauer L, Perneczky J, Sellner J. A global view of comorbidity in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review with a focus on regional differences, methodology, and clinical implications. J Neurol 2020; 268:4066-4077. [PMID: 32719975 PMCID: PMC8505322 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-020-10107-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system which is associated with numerous comorbidities. These include cardiovascular disease, psychiatric and neurologic disturbances, restless leg syndrome, migraine, cancer, autoimmune diseases, and metabolic disorders. Comorbid disease is an important consideration for clinicians treating patients with MS; early presentation of comorbidities can obscure or delay MS diagnosis, as well as significantly impacting the disease course. Improved understanding of comorbidities and their emergence in MS populations is important for improving the quality of life and optimizing treatment for patients. Therefore, we evaluated published studies reporting epidemiologic data on comorbidities and their associated impact on disease progression in patients with MS (PwMS). The prevalence of neurologic, cardiovascular, metabolic, and autoimmune comorbidities was elevated in PwMS in general, and furthermore, this adversely affected a broad range of outcomes. Compared with PwMS, cancer rates in people without MS or the general population were lower, which should prompt further studies into the mechanisms of both diseases. Studies were under-represented in many regions owing to the latitudinal gradient of MS and possible underfunding of studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Hauer
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Julian Perneczky
- Department of Neurology, Landesklinikum Mistelbach-Gänserndorf, Liechtensteinstrase 67, 2130, Mistelbach, Austria
| | - Johann Sellner
- Department of Neurology, Landesklinikum Mistelbach-Gänserndorf, Liechtensteinstrase 67, 2130, Mistelbach, Austria. .,Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany. .,Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
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18
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Karimi S, Andayeshgar B, Khatony A. Prevalence of anxiety, depression, and stress in patients with multiple sclerosis in Kermanshah-Iran: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:166. [PMID: 32295564 PMCID: PMC7161227 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02579-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease that decreases the physical ability and affects the mental health of the patients. This descriptive-analytical study investigated the prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress in MS patients. METHODS A total of 87 MS patients were recruited in this study through simple random sampling method using a random number table. Data were collected by Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) and analyzed by descriptive and analytical statistics. RESULTS The mean age of the patients was 35.5 ± 9.2 years. Of them, 41 (47.1%) had moderate depression, 34 (39.1%) had moderate anxiety, and 39 (44.8%) had moderate stress. There was a significant relationship between depression and job, education, and economic status of the participants. There was also a significant association between the participants' economic status and anxiety. There was no significant relationship between stress and any of the variables. CONCLUSION Given the relatively high prevalence of anxiety, depression, and stress in MS patients as well as the significant relationship between their economic status and depression and anxiety, interventional measures are required to be taken to decrease their problems and to provide a favorable ground for their employment. Periodic examinations by psychologists / psychiatrists and treatment of patients with symptoms of stress, anxiety and depression are also essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Karimi
- grid.412112.50000 0001 2012 5829MSc. in Medical Surgical Nursing, Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Bahare Andayeshgar
- grid.412112.50000 0001 2012 5829MSc. in Statistics, Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Alireza Khatony
- Health Institute, Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. .,Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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19
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Thomas J, Barbato M, Verlinden M, Gaspar C, Moussa M, Ghorayeb J, Menon A, Figueiras MJ, Arora T, Bentall RP. Psychosocial Correlates of Depression and Anxiety in the United Arab Emirates During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:564172. [PMID: 33240122 PMCID: PMC7683430 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.564172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health is likely to be significant. Identifying vulnerable groups during the pandemic is essential for targeting psychological support, and in preparation for any second wave or future pandemic. Vulnerable groups are likely to vary across different societies; therefore, research needs to be conducted at a national and international level. This online survey explored generalized anxiety and depression symptoms in a community sample of adults (N = 1,039) in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) between April 8th and April 22nd, 2020. Respondents completed symptom measures of depression (PHQ8) and generalized anxiety (GAD7), along with psychosocial and demographic variables that might potentially influence such symptoms. Bivariate and multivariate associations were calculated for the main study variables. Levels of anxiety and depression were notably higher than those reported in previous (pre-pandemic) national studies. Similar variables were statistically significantly associated with both depression and anxiety, most notably younger age, being female, having a history of mental health problems, self or loved ones testing positive for COVID-19, and having high levels of COVID-related anxiety and economic threat. Sections of the UAE population experienced relatively high levels of depression and anxiety symptoms during the early stages of the pandemic. Several COVID-related and psychosocial variables were associated with heightened symptomatology. Identifying such vulnerable groups can help inform the public mental health response to the current and future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Thomas
- Department of Psychology, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mariapaola Barbato
- Department of Psychology, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Marina Verlinden
- Department of Psychology, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Carl Gaspar
- Department of Psychology, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mona Moussa
- Department of Psychology, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jihane Ghorayeb
- Department of Psychology, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aaina Menon
- Department of Psychology, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Maria J Figueiras
- Department of Psychology, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Teresa Arora
- Department of Psychology, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Richard P Bentall
- Clinical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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20
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Schiess N, Huether K, Holroyd KB, Aziz F, Emam E, Shahrour T, Szolics M, Alsaadi T. Multiple Sclerosis, Anxiety, and Depression in the United Arab Emirates: Does Social Stigma Prevent Treatment? Int J MS Care 2019; 21:29-34. [PMID: 30833870 DOI: 10.7224/1537-2073.2017-041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Depression rates in the multiple sclerosis (MS) population in the Arab world have rarely been reported despite people with MS generally having higher rates of depression. We examined depression rates in 416 people with MS versus the general population of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, and their treatment. Methods A retrospective medical record review of 416 people with MS (age range, 16-80 years) followed up at four large government hospitals in Abu Dhabi was conducted to determine the percentage of people with MS diagnosed as having depression or anxiety. Results The depression rate in people with MS (10.8%) was close to that in the general population of Abu Dhabi. The adjusted odds ratios of depression by selected variables showed that there was a significant difference (P = .003) between females and males in reporting depression, with more females reporting depression than males. Greater MS duration was also associated with a higher likelihood of being depressed (P = .025). The anxiety rate in the cohort (4.8%) was lower than that in the general Abu Dhabi population (18.7%). Conclusions The depression rate in people with MS in Abu Dhabi was close to that of the general Abu Dhabi population, but the anxiety rate in people with MS was lower. Explanations for these low rates include possible underreporting by patients and physician factors such as time limitations in busy clinics. Cultural aspects such as strong family support systems and religious factors in this predominantly Muslim population are also possible factors that warrant further investigation.
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21
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Alsaadi T, Hammasi KE, Shahrour TM, Shakra M, Turkawi L, Nasreddine W, Kassie S, Raoof M. Depression and anxiety as determinants of health-related quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis - United Arab Emirates. Neurol Int 2017; 9:7343. [PMID: 29619159 PMCID: PMC5865303 DOI: 10.4081/ni.2017.7343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To study the impact of depression and anxiety on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) in the UAE. All consecutive patients attending the MS clinic over a fourmonth period, October 2014 through February 2015, at Sheikh Khalifa Medical city (SKMC) were asked to complete The World Health Organization quality of life abbreviated scale (WHOQOL-BREF), the Patient Health Questionnaire nine-item (PHQ-9) depression scale, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder seven-item (GAD-7) scale. These last two scales were used to screen for depression and anxiety disorders respectively. The study looked at significant variables associated with HRQOL, using multivariate analysis. Eighty patients were enrolled in the study. Both anxiety and depression had a strong positive correlation with HRQOL in univariate analysis. However, depression was the strongest predictor of HRQOL in the patients using linear multi-regression analysis. Screening and timely treatment of both anxiety and depression in MS patients should be a recommended policy when managing pwMS to improve their optimal care and ensure better quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tarek M. Shahrour
- Department of Psychiatry, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City (SKMC), Abu Dhabi
| | | | - Lamya Turkawi
- Department of Neurology, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Wassim Nasreddine
- Department of Neurology, American University of Beirut-Medical Center, Lebanon
| | - Seada Kassie
- American Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, Abu Dhabi
| | - Mufeed Raoof
- Department of Psychiatry, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City (SKMC), Abu Dhabi
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22
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Alamri Y, Al-Busaidi IS. Multiple sclerosis in Saudi Arabia: Anxiety, depression and suicidality. Psychiatry Res 2016; 238:24. [PMID: 27086206 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yassar Alamri
- New Zealand Brain Research Institute, 66 Stewart Street, Central Christchurch, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand; Christchurch School of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand; Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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23
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Depression and Anxiety among Patients with Epilepsy and Multiple Sclerosis: UAE Comparative Study. Behav Neurol 2015; 2015:196373. [PMID: 26576071 PMCID: PMC4631862 DOI: 10.1155/2015/196373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression and anxiety are highly prevalent in patients with epilepsy (PWE), with prevalence rates ranging from 20% to 55%. The cause of this increased rate is multifactorial. Depression and epilepsy are thought to share the same pathogenic mechanism. Anxiety, on the other hand, seems to have a prevalence rate among PWE comparable to, or even higher than, those reported for depression, and it is closely linked to epilepsy. To test this hypothesis, we screened for depression and anxiety 186 and 160 patients attending the epilepsy and MS clinics, respectively, using standardized screening tools to determine the rates of both depression and anxiety, comparing these rates to 186 age, sex matched controls. Among the three groups, only patients with epilepsy were at increased risk of having depression (OR = 1.9), whereas anxiety was not. This finding could point to the shared pathogenic mechanisms hypothesis between depression and epilepsy.
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