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E L, Lu R, Zheng Y, Zhang L, Ma X, Lv Y, Gao M, Zhang S, Wang L, Liu H, Zhang R. Effect of Insulin on Bone Formation Ability of Rat Alveolar Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2023; 32:652-666. [PMID: 37282516 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2023.0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The alveolar bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (ABM-MSCs) play an important role in oral bone healing and regeneration. Insulin is considered to improve impaired oral bones due to local factors, systemic factors and pathological conditions. However, the effect of insulin on bone formation ability of ABM-MSCs still needs to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to determine the responsiveness of rat ABM-MSCs to insulin and to explore the underlying mechanism. We found that insulin promoted ABM-MSCs proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner, in which 10-6 M insulin exerted the most significant effect. 10-6 M insulin significantly promoted the type I collagen (COL-1) synthesis, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, osteocalcin (OCN) expression, and mineralized matrix formation in ABM-MSCs, significantly enhanced the gene and protein expressions of intracellular COL-1, ALP, and OCN. Acute insulin stimulation significantly promoted insulin receptor (IR) phosphorylation, IR substrate-1 (IRS-1) protein expression, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation, but chronic insulin stimulation decreased these values, while inhibitor NT219 could attenuate these responses. When seeded on β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), ABM-MSCs adhered and grew well, during the 28-day culture period, ABM-MSCs+β-TCP +10-6 M insulin group showed significantly higher extracellular total COL-1 amino-terminus prolongation peptide content, ALP activity, OCN secretion, and Ca and P concentration. When implanted subcutaneously in severe combined immunodeficient mice for 1 month, the ABM-MSCs+β-TCP +10-6 M insulin group obtained the most bone formation and blood vessels. These results showed that insulin promoted the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of ABM-MSCs in vitro, and enhance osteogenesis and angiogenesis of ABM-MSCs in vivo. Inhibition studies demonstrated that the insulin-induced osteogenic differentiation of ABM-MSCs was dependent of insulin/mTOR signaling. It suggests that insulin has a direct anabolic effect on ABM-MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling E
- Institute of Stomatology and Oral Maxilla Facial Key Laboratory, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Rongjian Lu
- Department of Stomatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zheng
- Institute of Stomatology and Oral Maxilla Facial Key Laboratory, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Physiotherapy Department, Yantai Special Service Rehabilitation Center of the Chinese People Armed Police Force, Yantai, China
| | - Xiaocao Ma
- Institute of Stomatology and Oral Maxilla Facial Key Laboratory, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Lv
- Institute of Stomatology and Oral Maxilla Facial Key Laboratory, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mingzhu Gao
- Institute of Stomatology and Oral Maxilla Facial Key Laboratory, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoli Zhang
- The Second Department of Naval Recuperation, First District of Recuperation, Yantai Special Service Rehabilitation Center of the Chinese People Armed Police Force, Yantai, China
| | - Limei Wang
- Reception Office, First District of Recuperation, Yantai Special Service Rehabilitation Center of the Chinese People Armed Police Force, Yantai, China
| | - Hongchen Liu
- Institute of Stomatology and Oral Maxilla Facial Key Laboratory, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Institute of Stomatology and Oral Maxilla Facial Key Laboratory, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- The Second Department of Naval Recuperation, First District of Recuperation, Yantai Special Service Rehabilitation Center of the Chinese People Armed Police Force, Yantai, China
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2
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Smith N, Shirazi S, Cakouros D, Gronthos S. Impact of Environmental and Epigenetic Changes on Mesenchymal Stem Cells during Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076499. [PMID: 37047469 PMCID: PMC10095074 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Many crucial epigenetic changes occur during early skeletal development and throughout life due to aging, disease and are heavily influenced by an individual’s lifestyle. Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene expression as the result of changes in the environment without any mutation in the underlying DNA sequence. The epigenetic profiles of cells are dynamic and mediated by different mechanisms, including histone modifications, non-coding RNA-associated gene silencing and DNA methylation. Given the underlining role of dysfunctional mesenchymal tissues in common age-related skeletal diseases such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis, investigations into skeletal stem cells or mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and their functional deregulation during aging has been of great interest and how this is mediated by an evolving epigenetic landscape. The present review describes the recent findings in epigenetic changes of MSCs that effect growth and cell fate determination in the context of aging, diet, exercise and bone-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Smith
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Suzanna Shirazi
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Dimitrios Cakouros
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (S.G.); Tel.: +61-8-8128-4395 (S.G.)
| | - Stan Gronthos
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (S.G.); Tel.: +61-8-8128-4395 (S.G.)
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3
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Yuan W, Song C. Crosstalk between bone and other organs. MEDICAL REVIEW (BERLIN, GERMANY) 2022; 2:331-348. [PMID: 37724328 PMCID: PMC10471111 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2022-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Bone has long been considered as a silent organ that provides a reservoir of calcium and phosphorus, traditionally. Recently, further study of bone has revealed additional functions as an endocrine organ connecting systemic organs of the whole body. Communication between bone and other organs participates in most physiological and pathological events and is responsible for the maintenance of homeostasis. Here, we present an overview of the crosstalk between bone and other organs. Furthermore, we describe the factors mediating the crosstalk and review the mechanisms in the development of potential associated diseases. These connections shed new light on the pathogenesis of systemic diseases and provide novel potential targets for the treatment of systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqiong Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chunli Song
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Beijing, China
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4
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Greenbaum J, Lin X, Su KJ, Gong R, Shen H, Shen J, Xiao HM, Deng HW. Integration of the Human Gut Microbiome and Serum Metabolome Reveals Novel Biological Factors Involved in the Regulation of Bone Mineral Density. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:853499. [PMID: 35372129 PMCID: PMC8966780 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.853499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
While the gut microbiome has been reported to play a role in bone metabolism, the individual species and underlying functional mechanisms have not yet been characterized. We conducted a systematic multi-omics analysis using paired metagenomic and untargeted serum metabolomic profiles from a large sample of 499 peri- and early post-menopausal women to identify the potential crosstalk between these biological factors which may be involved in the regulation of bone mineral density (BMD). Single omics association analyses identified 22 bacteria species and 17 serum metabolites for putative association with BMD. Among the identified bacteria, Bacteroidetes and Fusobacteria were negatively associated, while Firmicutes were positively associated. Several of the identified serum metabolites including 3-phenylpropanoic acid, mainly derived from dietary polyphenols, and glycolithocholic acid, a secondary bile acid, are metabolic byproducts of the microbiota. We further conducted a supervised integrative feature selection with respect to BMD and constructed the inter-omics partial correlation network. Although still requiring replication and validation in future studies, the findings from this exploratory analysis provide novel insights into the interrelationships between the gut microbiome and serum metabolome that may potentially play a role in skeletal remodeling processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Greenbaum
- Tulane Center of Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Xu Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kuan-Jui Su
- Tulane Center of Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Rui Gong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Tulane Center of Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Mei Xiao
- Center of Systems Biology, Data Information and Reproductive Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hong-Wen Deng
- Tulane Center of Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
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Bidwell J, Tersey SA, Adaway M, Bone RN, Creecy A, Klunk A, Atkinson EG, Wek RC, Robling AG, Wallace JM, Evans-Molina C. Nmp4, a Regulator of Induced Osteoanabolism, Also Influences Insulin Secretion and Sensitivity. Calcif Tissue Int 2022; 110:244-259. [PMID: 34417862 PMCID: PMC8792173 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-021-00903-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A bidirectional and complex relationship exists between bone and glycemia. Persons with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are at risk for bone loss and fracture, however, heightened osteoanabolism may ameliorate T2D-induced deficits in glycemia as bone-forming osteoblasts contribute to energy metabolism via increased glucose uptake and cellular glycolysis. Mice globally lacking nuclear matrix protein 4 (Nmp4), a transcription factor expressed in all tissues and conserved between humans and rodents, are healthy and exhibit enhanced bone formation in response to anabolic osteoporosis therapies. To test whether loss of Nmp4 similarly impacted bone deficits caused by diet-induced obesity, male wild-type and Nmp4-/- mice (8 weeks) were fed either low-fat diet or high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. Endpoint parameters included bone architecture, structural and estimated tissue-level mechanical properties, body weight/composition, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, glucose tolerance, insulin tolerance, and metabolic cage analysis. HFD diminished bone architecture and ultimate force and stiffness equally in both genotypes. Unexpectedly, the Nmp4-/- mice exhibited deficits in pancreatic β-cell function and were modestly glucose intolerant under normal diet conditions. Despite the β-cell deficits, the Nmp4-/- mice were less sensitive to HFD-induced weight gain, increases in % fat mass, and decreases in glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. We conclude that Nmp4 supports pancreatic β-cell function but suppresses peripheral glucose utilization, perhaps contributing to its suppression of induced skeletal anabolism. Selective disruption of Nmp4 in peripheral tissues may provide a strategy for improving both induced osteoanabolism and energy metabolism in comorbid patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Bidwell
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, & Physiology (ACBP), Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, IUSM, Indianapolis, USA.
| | - Sarah A Tersey
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Michele Adaway
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, & Physiology (ACBP), Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Robert N Bone
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease and the Wells Center for Pediatric Research, IUSM, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Amy Creecy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Angela Klunk
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, & Physiology (ACBP), Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Emily G Atkinson
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, & Physiology (ACBP), Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Ronald C Wek
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, IUSM, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Alexander G Robling
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, & Physiology (ACBP), Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, IUSM, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Joseph M Wallace
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, IUSM, Indianapolis, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Carmella Evans-Molina
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease and the Wells Center for Pediatric Research, IUSM, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, USA.
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6
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Novel Biomolecules in the Pathogenesis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111578. [PMID: 34769010 PMCID: PMC8584125 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common metabolic diseases in pregnant women. Its early diagnosis seems to have a significant impact on the developing fetus, the course of delivery, and the neonatal period. It may also affect the later stages of child development and subsequent complications in the mother. Therefore, the crux of the matter is to find a biopredictor capable of singling out women at risk of developing GDM as early as the very start of pregnancy. Apart from the well-known molecules with a proven and clear-cut role in the pathogenesis of GDM, e.g., adiponectin and leptin, a potential role of newer biomolecules is also emphasized. Less popular and less known factors with different mechanisms of action include: galectins, growth differentiation factor-15, chemerin, omentin-1, osteocalcin, resistin, visfatin, vaspin, irisin, apelin, fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4), fibroblast growth factor 21, and lipocalin-2. The aim of this review is to present the potential and significance of these 13 less known biomolecules in the pathogenesis of GDM. It seems that high levels of FABP4, low levels of irisin, and high levels of under-carboxylated osteocalcin in the serum of pregnant women can be used as predictive markers in the diagnosis of GDM. Hopefully, future clinical trials will be able to determine which biomolecules have the most potential to predict GDM.
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7
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Bilinski WJ, Szternel L, Siodmiak J, Krintus M, Paradowski PT, Domagalski K, Sypniewska G. Effect of fasting hyperglycemia and insulin resistance on bone turnover markers in children aged 9-11 years. J Diabetes Complications 2021; 35:108000. [PMID: 34384707 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2021.108000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM Impaired regulation of glucose metabolism in childhood adversely affects bone health. We assessed the effect of fasting hyperglycemia and insulin resistance on bone turnover markers in prepubertal children with normal glycemia (<100 mg/dL) and fasting hyperglycemia (100-125 mg/dL). METHODS Glucose, hemoglobin A1c, IGF-I (insulin-like growth factor I), iP1NP (N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen), CTX-1 (C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen) and insulin were measured. Bone turnover index (BTI) and HOMA-IR (homeostasis model assessment) were calculated. RESULTS Bone resorption marker (CTX) levels were decreased by 26.5% in boys with hyperglycemia, though only 7% in girls. Hyperglycemia had no effect on the bone formation marker iP1NP. IGF-1, the best predictor of bone marker variance accounted for 25% of iP1NP and 5% of CTX variance. Girls presented significantly higher BTI indicating the predominance of bone formation over resorption. Insulin resistance significantly decreased CTX. In girls, HOMA-IR and IGF-1 predicted 15% of CTX variance. CONSLUSIONS Fasting hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in children impact bone turnover suppressing bone resorption. Hyperglycemia decreased resorption, particularly in boys, while suppression of resorption by insulin resistance was more pronounced in girls. We suggest that the progression of disturbances accompanying prediabetes, may interfere with bone modelling and be deleterious to bone quality in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech J Bilinski
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland; Department of Orthopaedics, KoMed, Poddebickie Health Center, Poddebice, Poland.
| | - Lukasz Szternel
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Joanna Siodmiak
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Magdalena Krintus
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw T Paradowski
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland; Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Division of Orthopedics, Sunderby Research Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Orthopaedics, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Krzysztof Domagalski
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Grazyna Sypniewska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
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Brunetti G, D'Amato G, De Santis S, Grano M, Faienza MF. Mechanisms of altered bone remodeling in children with type 1 diabetes. World J Diabetes 2021; 12:997-1009. [PMID: 34326950 PMCID: PMC8311475 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i7.997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone loss associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) begins at the onset of the disease, already in childhood, determining a lower bone mass peak and hence a greater risk of osteoporosis and fractures later in life. The mechanisms underlying diabetic bone fragility are not yet completely understood. Hyperglycemia and insulin deficiency can affect the bone cells functions, as well as the bone marrow fat, thus impairing the bone strength, geometry, and microarchitecture. Several factors, like insulin and growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor 1, can control bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell commitment, and the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand/osteoprotegerin and Wnt-b catenin pathways can impair bone turnover. Some myokines may have a key role in regulating metabolic control and improving bone mass in T1DM subjects. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current knowledge of the mechanisms underlying altered bone remodeling in children affected by T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomina Brunetti
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University "A. Moro" of Bari, Bari 70125, Italy
| | - Gabriele D'Amato
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, ASL Bari, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Di Venere Hospital, Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Stefania De Santis
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari 70126, Italy
| | - Maria Grano
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Univ Bari, Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Maria Felicia Faienza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Pediatric Unit, University "A.Moro", Bari 70124, Italy
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9
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Bargieł W, Cierpiszewska K, Maruszczak K, Pakuła A, Szwankowska D, Wrzesińska A, Gutowski Ł, Formanowicz D. Recognized and Potentially New Biomarkers-Their Role in Diagnosis and Prognosis of Cardiovascular Disease. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:medicina57070701. [PMID: 34356982 PMCID: PMC8305174 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57070701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis and its consequences are the leading cause of mortality in the world. For this reason, we have reviewed atherosclerosis biomarkers and selected the most promising ones for review. We focused mainly on biomarkers related to inflammation and oxidative stress, such as the highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2). The microRNA (miRNA) and the usefulness of the bone mineralization, glucose, and lipid metabolism marker osteocalcin (OC) were also reviewed. The last biomarker we considered was angiogenin (ANG). Our review shows that due to the multifactorial nature of atherosclerosis, no single marker is known so far, the determination of which would unambiguously assess the severity of atherosclerosis and help without any doubt in the prognosis of cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Bargieł
- Faculty of Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland; (W.B.); (K.C.); (K.M.); (A.P.); (D.S.); (A.W.)
| | - Katarzyna Cierpiszewska
- Faculty of Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland; (W.B.); (K.C.); (K.M.); (A.P.); (D.S.); (A.W.)
| | - Klara Maruszczak
- Faculty of Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland; (W.B.); (K.C.); (K.M.); (A.P.); (D.S.); (A.W.)
| | - Anna Pakuła
- Faculty of Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland; (W.B.); (K.C.); (K.M.); (A.P.); (D.S.); (A.W.)
| | - Dominika Szwankowska
- Faculty of Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland; (W.B.); (K.C.); (K.M.); (A.P.); (D.S.); (A.W.)
| | - Aleksandra Wrzesińska
- Faculty of Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland; (W.B.); (K.C.); (K.M.); (A.P.); (D.S.); (A.W.)
| | - Łukasz Gutowski
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 8, 60-806 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Dorota Formanowicz
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 8, 60-806 Poznan, Poland;
- Correspondence:
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10
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Eckert AJ, Mader JK, Altmeier M, Mühldorfer S, Gillessen A, Dallmeier D, Shah VN, Heyer C, Hartmann B, Holl RW. Fracture risk in patients with type 2 diabetes aged ≥50 years related to HbA1c, acute complications, BMI and SGLT2i-use in the DPV registry. J Diabetes Complications 2020; 34:107664. [PMID: 32624333 PMCID: PMC7502496 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2020.107664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Eckert
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, ZIBMT, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany; German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Julia K Mader
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | | | | | - Dhayana Dallmeier
- AGAPLESION Bethesda Clinic, Geriatric Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany; Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Viral N Shah
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
| | | | - Bettina Hartmann
- Heilig-Geist Hospital Bensheim, Department of Gastroenterology and Diabetology, Bensheim, Germany
| | - Reinhard W Holl
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, ZIBMT, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany; German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
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11
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Ho HJ, Komai M, Shirakawa H. Beneficial Effects of Vitamin K Status on Glycemic Regulation and Diabetes Mellitus: A Mini-Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082485. [PMID: 32824773 PMCID: PMC7469006 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that is characterized by hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and dysfunctional insulin secretion. Glycemic control remains a crucial contributor to the progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus as well as the prevention or delay in the onset of diabetes-related complications. Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin that plays an important role in the regulation of the glycemic status. Supplementation of vitamin K may reduce the risk of diabetes mellitus and improve insulin sensitivity. This mini-review summarizes the recent insights into the beneficial effects of vitamin K and its possible mechanism of action on insulin sensitivity and glycemic status, thereby suppressing the progression of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Jung Ho
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan; (M.K.); (H.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-11-706-3395
| | - Michio Komai
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan; (M.K.); (H.S.)
| | - Hitoshi Shirakawa
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan; (M.K.); (H.S.)
- International Education and Research Center for Food Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
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12
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Hadida M, Marchat D. Strategy for achieving standardized bone models. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 117:251-271. [PMID: 31531968 PMCID: PMC6915912 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Reliably producing functional in vitro organ models, such as organ-on-chip systems, has the potential to considerably advance biology research, drug development time, and resource efficiency. However, despite the ongoing major progress in the field, three-dimensional bone tissue models remain elusive. In this review, we specifically investigate the control of perfusion flow effects as the missing link between isolated culture systems and scientifically exploitable bone models and propose a roadmap toward this goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhael Hadida
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Lyon, Univ Jean Monnet, INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - David Marchat
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Lyon, Univ Jean Monnet, INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, Saint-Etienne, France
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13
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Metabolic and bone profile in postmenopausal women with and without type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 57:61-67. [PMID: 30447149 DOI: 10.2478/rjim-2018-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Current studies support the implication of metabolic changes associated with type 2 diabetes in altering bone metabolism, structure and resistance. OBJECTIVE We conducted a cross-sectional study on postmenopausal women aimed to analyze the differences in metabolic and bone profile in patients with and without type 2 diabetes Methods. We analyzed the metabolic and bone profile in postmenopausal women with and without type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Clinical, metabolic, hormonal parameters, along with lumbar, hip and femoral bone mineral density (BMD) and trabecular bone score (TBS) were evaluated. RESULTS 56 women with T2DM(63.57±8.97 years) and 83 non-T2DM (60.21±8.77 years) were included. T2DM patients presented a higher value of body mass index (BMI) and BMD vs. control group (p = 0.001; p = 0.03-lumbar level, p = 0.07-femoral neck and p = 0.001-total hip). Also, BMI correlated positively with lumbar-BMD and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (r = 0.348, p = 0.01; r = 0.269, p = 0.04), correlation maintained even after age and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) adjustment (r = 0.383, p = 0.005; r = 0.237, p = 0.08). Diabetic patients recorded lower levels of 25(OH)D(p = 0.05), bone markers (p ≤ 0.05) and TBS(p = 0.07). For the entire patient group we found a negative correlation between HbA1c level and bone markers: r = -0.358, p = 0.0005-osteocalcin, r = -0.40, p = 0.0005-P1NP, r = -0.258, p = 0.005-crosslaps. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate the presence of altered bone microarchitecture in T2DZ patients according to the TBS score, combined with lower levels of bone markers, with a statistically significant negative correlation between HbA1c level and bone markers.
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14
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Bilotta FL, Arcidiacono B, Messineo S, Greco M, Chiefari E, Britti D, Nakanishi T, Foti DP, Brunetti A. Insulin and osteocalcin: further evidence for a mutual cross-talk. Endocrine 2018; 59:622-632. [PMID: 28866834 PMCID: PMC5847166 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-017-1396-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In the last few years, bone has been recognized as an endocrine organ that modulates glucose metabolism by secretion of osteocalcin, an osteoblast-specific hormone, that influences fat deposition and blood sugar levels. To date, however, very few in vitro models have been developed to investigate, at the molecular levels, the relationship between glucose, insulin and osteocalcin. This study aims at covering this gap. METHODS We studied osteogenic differentiation, osteocalcin gene expression, and osteblast-mediated insulin secretion, using cultured MG-63 human osteoblast-like cells that underwent glucotoxicity and insulin resistance. In addition, we investigated whether a correlation existed between hyperglycemia and/or insulin resistance and total osteocalcin serum concentrations in patients. RESULTS While insulin and low glucose increased osteocalcin gene expression, disruption of insulin signaling in MG-63 osteoblasts and high glucose concentration in cell culture medium decreased osteocalcin gene transcription and reduced osteogenic differentiation. Concomitantly, insulin secretion was significantly impaired in rat INS-1 β-cells treated with conditioned medium from insulin resistant MG-63 cells or cells exposed to high glucose concentrations. Also, chronic hyperglycemia, but not insulin resistance, inversely correlated with circulating osteocalcin levels in patients. CONCLUSION Our results further support the existence of an endocrine axis between bone, where osteocalcin is produced, and pancreatic β-cells, and add new insights into the molecular details of this relationship. These findings may contribute to the understanding of osteocalcin regulation and its role in metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco L Bilotta
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa (Località Germaneto), 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Biagio Arcidiacono
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa (Località Germaneto), 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Messineo
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa (Località Germaneto), 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Marta Greco
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa (Località Germaneto), 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Eusebio Chiefari
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa (Località Germaneto), 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Domenico Britti
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa (Località Germaneto), 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Tomoko Nakanishi
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 108-8639, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daniela P Foti
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa (Località Germaneto), 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Brunetti
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa (Località Germaneto), 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
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15
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Suchacki KJ, Roberts F, Lovdel A, Farquharson C, Morton NM, MacRae VE, Cawthorn WP. Skeletal energy homeostasis: a paradigm of endocrine discovery. J Endocrinol 2017; 234:R67-R79. [PMID: 28455432 DOI: 10.1530/joe-17-0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Throughout the last decade, significant developments in cellular, molecular and mouse models have revealed major endocrine functions of the skeleton. More recent studies have evolved the interplay between bone-specific hormones, the skeleton, marrow adipose tissue, muscle and the brain. This review focuses on literature from the last decade, addressing the endocrine regulation of global energy metabolism via the skeleton. In addition, we will highlight several recent studies that further our knowledge of new endocrine functions of some organs; explore remaining unanswered questions; and, finally, we will discuss future directions for this more complex era of bone biology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla J Suchacki
- The Queen's Medical Research InstituteThe University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Fiona Roberts
- The Roslin InstituteThe University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midltohian, UK
| | - Andrea Lovdel
- The Queen's Medical Research InstituteThe University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Colin Farquharson
- The Roslin InstituteThe University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midltohian, UK
| | - Nik M Morton
- The Queen's Medical Research InstituteThe University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Vicky E MacRae
- The Roslin InstituteThe University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midltohian, UK
| | - William P Cawthorn
- The Queen's Medical Research InstituteThe University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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16
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Palermo A, D'Onofrio L, Buzzetti R, Manfrini S, Napoli N. Pathophysiology of Bone Fragility in Patients with Diabetes. Calcif Tissue Int 2017; 100:122-132. [PMID: 28180919 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-016-0226-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It has been well established that bone fragility is one of the chronic complications of diabetes mellitus, and both type 1 and type 2 diabetes are risk factors for fragility fractures. Diabetes may negatively affect bone health by unbalancing several pathways: bone formation, bone resorption, collagen formation, inflammatory cytokine, muscular and incretin system, bone marrow adiposity and calcium metabolism. The purpose of this narrative review is to explore the current understanding of pathophysiological pathways underlying bone fragility in diabetics. In particular, the review will focus on the peculiar cellular and molecular system impairment that may lead to increased risk of fracture in type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Palermo
- Diabetes and Bone network, Department Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21 - 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca D'Onofrio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Polo Pontino, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaella Buzzetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Polo Pontino, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Manfrini
- Diabetes and Bone network, Department Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21 - 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Napoli
- Diabetes and Bone network, Department Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21 - 00128, Rome, Italy.
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, USA.
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17
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Liu Q, Liu H, Yu X, Wang Y, Yang C, Xu H. Analysis of the Role of Insulin Signaling in Bone Turnover Induced by Fluoride. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 171:380-390. [PMID: 26521058 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0555-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The role of insulin signaling on the mechanism underlying fluoride induced osteopathology was studied. We analyzed the expression of genes related with bone turnover and insulin signaling in rats treated by varying dose of fluoride with or without streptozotocin (STZ) in vivo. Furthermore, insulin receptor (InR) expression in MC3T3-E1 cells (pre-osteoblast cell line) was interfered with small interfering RNA (siRNA), and genes related with osteoblastic and osteoclastic differentiation were investigated in cells exposed to fluoride in vitro for 2 days. The in vivo study indicated the possible role of insulin in bone lesion induced by excessive amount of fluoride. Fluoride activated the InR and Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) signaling, which were involved in the mechanism underlying fluoride induced bone turnover. The TGFβ1 and Wnt10/β-catenin pathway took part in the mechanism of bone lesion induced by fluoride, and insulin probably modulated the TGFβ1 and β-catenin to exert action on bone turnover during the development of bone lesion. The in vitro study showed the concomitant decrease of OPG, osterix and OCN with inhibition of InR expression in osteoblast, and three genes still was low in cells co-treated with fluoride and InR siRNA, which suggested that fluoride probably stimulated the expression of OPG, osterix and OCN through InR signaling. In conclusion, insulin played the important role in bone lesion induced by excessive amount of fluoride through mediating InR receptor signaling, and IGF1 signaling probably exerted action on bone turnover caused by overdose of fluoride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyi Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Clinical Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Hui Liu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xiuhua Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Clinical Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China.
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18
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BMI and BMD: The Potential Interplay between Obesity and Bone Fragility. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13060544. [PMID: 27240395 PMCID: PMC4924001 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13060544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence demonstrating an increased fracture risk among obese individuals suggests that adipose tissue may negatively impact bone health, challenging the traditional paradigm of fat mass playing a protective role towards bone health. White adipose tissue, far from being a mere energy depot, is a dynamic tissue actively implicated in metabolic reactions, and in fact secretes several hormones called adipokines and inflammatory factors that may in turn promote bone resorption. More specifically, Visceral Adipose Tissue (VAT) may potentially prove detrimental. It is widely acknowledged that obesity is positively associated to many chronic disorders such as metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes, conditions that could themselves affect bone health. Although aging is largely known to decrease bone strength, little is yet known on the mechanisms via which obesity and its comorbidities may contribute to such damage. Given the exponentially growing obesity rate in recent years and the increased life expectancy of western countries it appears of utmost importance to timely focus on this topic.
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19
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Kim KM, Lim S, Moon JH, Jin H, Jung KY, Shin CS, Park KS, Jang HC, Choi SH. Lower uncarboxylated osteocalcin and higher sclerostin levels are significantly associated with coronary artery disease. Bone 2016; 83:178-183. [PMID: 26576474 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Systemic roles for bone-derived proteins have emerged from recent studies. In particular, the serum concentration of osteocalcin (OCN) or sclerostin was found to be associated with altered glucose metabolism or atherosclerosis. The aims of this study were to evaluate OCN and sclerostin levels in subjects who underwent coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery compared with those in normal controls and to analyze their relationships with atherosclerosis. This was an age- and sex-matched case-control study that included 61 male subjects who underwent CABG and 61 controls. Forty-six subjects (37.7%) with diabetes and 62 hypertensive subjects (50.8%) were included. Serum sclerostin, uncarboxylated OCN (ucOCN) and carboxylated OCN (cOCN) were measured. Coronary artery calcium (CAC) score was calculated according to Agatston's method, using a 64-slice multi-detector computed tomography scanner. The levels of serum ucOCN were significantly lower and sclerostin concentrations were higher in the CABG group than in the controls (p<0.05 for both), and these significances were maintained after adjusting for atherosclerotic risk factors in both diabetic and nondiabetic patients (p<0.05 in both groups). However, there was no difference in cOCN levels between CABG patients and controls. The group with abnormal CAC scores (CAC scores ≥100) had significantly higher levels of serum sclerostin (p<0.05). In multiple logistic regression analysis, both lower ucOCN and higher sclerostin levels were independently associated with CABG (odds ratio [OR] 0.43, 95% CI 0.22-0.84, p<0.05 for log(ucOCN); and OR 2.09, 95% CI 1.08-4.05, p<0.05 for log(sclerostin)). In subjects with CAD who underwent CABG, the serum ucOCN level was decreased and the sclerostin level was increased compared with those in the controls, regardless of diabetic status. Longitudinal studies are warranted to establish the precise roles of ucOCN and sclerostin in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Min Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Soo Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Hyunjin Jin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Kyong Yeun Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Chan Soo Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyong Soo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hak Chul Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Hee Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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20
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Papastefanou I, Eleftheriades M, Kappou D, Lambrinoudaki I, Lavranos D, Pervanidou P, Sotiriadis A, Hassiakos D, Chrousos GP. Maternal serum osteocalcin at 11-14 weeks of gestation in gestational diabetes mellitus. Eur J Clin Invest 2015; 45:1025-31. [PMID: 26301628 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies support that osteocalcin (OC), apart from its skeletal role, is implicated in glucose homoeostasis. Aims of this study were to examine the first-trimester maternal serum concentrations of OC in pregnancies that developed gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and to create a first-trimester prediction model for GDM. DESIGN Case-control study in a prospective cohort of pregnant women. Maternal serum levels of OC were measured in 40 cases that developed GDM and 94 unaffected controls. First-trimester biophysical parameters, biochemical indices, maternal-pregnancy characteristics, and OC concentrations were assessed in relation to GDM occurrence. RESULTS In the GDM group, first-trimester OC serum levels were increased compared to the control group (mean = 8·81 ng/mL, SD = 2·59 vs. mean = 7·34 ng/ml, SD = 3·04, P = 0·0058). Osteocalcin was independent of first-trimester biophysical and biochemical indices. Osteocalcin alone (OR = 1·21, CI: 1·02-1·43, P = 0·023) was a significant predictor of GDM [Model R(2) = 0·04, area under the curve (AUC) = 0·61, CI: 0·55-0·72, P < 0·001]. The combination of maternal and pregnancy characteristics with OC resulted in an improved prediction model for GDM (Model R(2) = 0·21, AUC = 0·80, CI: 0·71-0·88, P < 0·001). The combined model yields a sensitivity of 72·2% for 25% false-positive rate. CONCLUSIONS First-trimester maternal serum levels of OC are increased in GDM pregnancies. Osteocalcin combined with maternal and pregnancy characteristics provides an effective screening for GDM at 11-14 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Papastefanou
- Fetal Medicine Unit, Embryocare, Athens, Greece.,Fetal Medicine Unit, Emvryomitriki, Athens, Greece
| | - Makarios Eleftheriades
- Fetal Medicine Unit, Embryocare, Athens, Greece.,1st Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens Medical School, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.,Department of Ultrasound and Fetal Medicine, Bioiatriki SA, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitra Kappou
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Athens Medical School, Alexandra Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Irene Lambrinoudaki
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Athens Medical School, Aretaieio Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Panagiota Pervanidou
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens Medical School, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.,Childhood Obesity Clinic, 1st Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens Medical School, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandros Sotiriadis
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Demetrios Hassiakos
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Athens Medical School, Aretaieio Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - George P Chrousos
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens Medical School, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
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21
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Wei J, Flaherty S, Karsenty G. Searching for additional endocrine functions of the skeleton: genetic approaches and implications for therapeutics. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2015; 10:413-424. [PMID: 27588033 PMCID: PMC5004930 DOI: 10.1586/17446651.2015.1058152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Our knowledge of whole organism physiology has greatly advanced in the past decades through mouse genetics. In particular, genetic studies have revealed that most organs interact with one another through hormones in order to maintain normal physiological functions and the homeostasis of the entire organism. Remarkably, through these studies many unexpected novel endocrine means to regulate physiological functions have been uncovered. The skeletal system is one example. In this article, we review a series of studies that over the years have identified bone as an endocrine organ. The mechanism of action, pathological relevance, and therapeutic implications of the functions of the bone-derived hormone osteocalcin are discussed. In the last part of this review we discuss the possibility that additional endocrine functions of the skeleton may exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwen Wei
- Department of Genetics & Development, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Stephen Flaherty
- Department of Genetics & Development, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Gerard Karsenty
- Department of Genetics & Development, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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