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Saad-Naguib MH, Kenfack Y, Sherman LS, Chafitz OB, Morelli SS. Impaired receptivity of thin endometrium: therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1268990. [PMID: 38344687 PMCID: PMC10854221 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1268990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The endometrium is a resilient and highly dynamic tissue, undergoing cyclic renewal in preparation for embryo implantation. Cyclic endometrial regeneration depends on the intact function of several cell types, including parenchymal, endothelial, and immune cells, as well as adult stem cells that can arise from endometrial or extrauterine sources. The ability of the endometrium to undergo rapid, repeated regeneration without scarring is unique to this tissue. However, if this tissue renewal process is disrupted or dysfunctional, women may present clinically with infertility due to endometrial scarring or persistent atrophic/thin endometrium. Such disorders are rate-limiting in the treatment of female infertility and in the success of in vitro fertilization because of a dearth of treatment options specifically targeting the endometrium. A growing number of studies have explored the potential of adult stem cells, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), to treat women with disorders of endometrial regeneration. MSCs are multipotent adult stem cells with capacity to differentiate into cells such as adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteoblasts. In addition to their differentiation capacity, MSCs migrate toward injured sites where they secrete bioactive factors (e.g. cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, proteins and extracellular vesicles) to aid in tissue repair. These factors modulate biological processes critical for tissue regeneration, such as angiogenesis, cell migration and immunomodulation. The MSC secretome has therefore attracted significant attention for its therapeutic potential. In the uterus, studies utilizing rodent models and limited human trials have shown a potential benefit of MSCs and the MSC secretome in treatment of endometrial infertility. This review will explore the potential of MSCs to treat women with impaired endometrial receptivity due to a thin endometrium or endometrial scarring. We will provide context supporting leveraging MSCs for this purpose by including a review of mechanisms by which the MSC secretome promotes regeneration and repair of nonreproductive tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H. Saad-Naguib
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Health, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Yannick Kenfack
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Lauren S. Sherman
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Olivia B. Chafitz
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, United States
| | - Sara S. Morelli
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Health, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
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2
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Ghasemzadeh-Hasankolaei M, Pinto CA, Jesus D, Saraiva JA, Mano JF. Effect of high cyclic hydrostatic pressure on osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells cultured in liquefied micro-compartments. Mater Today Bio 2023; 23:100861. [PMID: 38058695 PMCID: PMC10696388 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone resident cells are constantly subjected to a range of distinct mechanical loadings, which generates a complex microenvironment. In particular, hydrostatic pressure (HP) has a key impact on modulation of cell function and fate determination. Although HP is a constant mechanical stimulus, its role in regulating the osteogenesis process within a defined 3D microenvironment has not been comprehensively elucidated. Perceiving how environmental factors regulate the differentiation of stem cells is essential for expanding their regenerative potential. Inspired by the mechanical environment of bone, this study attempted to investigate the influence of different ranges of cyclic HP on human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) encapsulated within a compartmentalized liquefied microenvironment. Taking advantage of the liquefied environment of microcapsules, MSCs were exposed to cyclic HP of 5 or 50 MPa, 3 times/week at 37 °C. Biological tests using fluorescence staining of F-actin filaments showed a noticeable improvement in cell-cell interactions and cellular network formation of MSCs. These observations were more pronounced in osteogenic (OST) condition, as confirmed by fluorescent staining of vinculin. More interestingly, there was a significant increase in alkaline phosphatase activity of MSCs exposed to 50 MPa magnitude of HP, even in the absence of osteoinductive factors. In addition, a greater staining area of both osteopontin and hydroxyapatite was detected in the 50 MPa/OST group. These findings highlight the benefit of hydrostatic pressure to regulate osteogenesis of MSCs as well as the importance of employing simultaneous biochemical and mechanical stimulation to accelerate the osteogenic potential of MSCs for biomedical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos A. Pinto
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Diana Jesus
- CICECO–Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Jorge A. Saraiva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João F. Mano
- CICECO–Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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Zaripova LN, Midgley A, Christmas SE, Beresford MW, Pain C, Baildam EM, Oldershaw RA. Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Pathogenesis and Therapy of Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16040. [PMID: 38003230 PMCID: PMC10671211 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) modulate immune responses and maintain self-tolerance. Their trophic activities and regenerative properties make them potential immunosuppressants for treating autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. MSCs are drawn to sites of injury and inflammation where they can both reduce inflammation and contribute to tissue regeneration. An increased understanding of the role of MSCs in the development and progression of autoimmune disorders has revealed that MSCs are passive targets in the inflammatory process, becoming impaired by it and exhibiting loss of immunomodulatory activity. MSCs have been considered as potential novel cell therapies for severe autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases, which at present have only disease modifying rather than curative treatment options. MSCs are emerging as potential therapies for severe autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. Clinical application of MSCs in rare cases of severe disease in which other existing treatment modalities have failed, have demonstrated potential use in treating multiple diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, myocardial infarction, liver cirrhosis, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, and COVID-19 pneumonia. This review explores the biological mechanisms behind the role of MSCs in autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. It also covers their immunomodulatory capabilities, potential therapeutic applications, and the challenges and risks associated with MSC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina N. Zaripova
- Institute of Fundamental and Applied Medicine, National Scientific Medical Center, 42 Abylai Khan Avenue, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan;
- Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Angela Midgley
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Institute in the Park, Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool L14 5AB, UK; (A.M.); (M.W.B.); (C.P.)
| | - Stephen E. Christmas
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, The Ronald Ross Building, 8 West Derby Street, Liverpool L69 7BE, UK;
| | - Michael W. Beresford
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Institute in the Park, Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool L14 5AB, UK; (A.M.); (M.W.B.); (C.P.)
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, East Prescott Road, Liverpool L14 5AB, UK
| | - Clare Pain
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Institute in the Park, Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool L14 5AB, UK; (A.M.); (M.W.B.); (C.P.)
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, East Prescott Road, Liverpool L14 5AB, UK
| | - Eileen M. Baildam
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, The Alexandra Hospital, Mill Lane, Cheadle SK8 2PX, UK;
| | - Rachel A. Oldershaw
- Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
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4
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Caliani Carrera AL, Minto BW, Malard P, Brunel HDSS. The Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Secretome (Extracellular Microvesicles and Exosomes) in Animals' Musculoskeletal and Neurologic-Related Disorders. Vet Med Int 2023; 2023:8819506. [PMID: 38023428 PMCID: PMC10645499 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8819506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The advances in regenerative medicine are very important for the development of medicine and the discovery of stem cells has shown a greater capacity to raise the level of therapeutic quality while their use becomes more accessible, especially in their mesenchymal form. In veterinary medicine, it is not different. The use of those cells, as well as recent advances related to the use of their extracellular vesicles, demonstrates a great opportunity to enhance therapeutic methods and ensure more life quality for patients, which can be in clinical or surgical treatments. Knowing the advances in these modalities and the growing clinical and surgery research and demands for innovations in orthopedic and neurology medicines, this paper aimed to review the literature about the methodologies of use and applications such as the pathways of action and the advances that were postulated for microvesicles and exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells in veterinary medicine, especially for musculoskeletal disorders and related injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alefe Luiz Caliani Carrera
- Department of Clinical and Veterinary Surgery, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av Paulo Donato Castelane s/n, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Watanabe Minto
- Department of Clinical and Veterinary Surgery, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av Paulo Donato Castelane s/n, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Malard
- Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
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Benameur T, Panaro MA, Porro C. Exosomes and their Cargo as a New Avenue for Brain and Treatment of CNS-Related Diseases. Open Neurol J 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1874205x-v16-e2201190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular Vesicles (EVs), which belong to nanoscale vesicles, including microvesicles (MVs) and exosomes, are now considered a new important tool for intercellular neuronal communication in the Central Nervous System (CNS) under physiological and pathological conditions. EVs are shed into blood, peripheral body fluids and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by a large variety of cells.
EVs can act locally on neighboring and distant cells. EVs represent the fingerprints of the originating cells and can carry a variety of molecular constituents of their cell of origin, including protein, lipids, DNA and microRNAs (miRNAs).
The most studied EVs are the exosomes because they are ubiquitous and have the capacity to transfer cell-derived components and bioactive molecules to target cells. In this minireview, we focused on cell-cell communication in CNS mediated by exosomes and their important cargo as an innovative way to treat or follow up with CNS diseases.
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Telocytes: Active Players in the Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) Intestinal Stem-Cell Niche. Animals (Basel) 2021; 12:ani12010074. [PMID: 35011180 PMCID: PMC8744786 DOI: 10.3390/ani12010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to improve the sustainability of trout farming, it is essential to develop alternatives to fish-based meals that prevent intestinal disorders and support growth performances. Therefore, an accurate knowledge of intestinal morphology and physiology is desirable. We previously described the epithelial component of the intestinal stem-cell (ISC) niche in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), which is one of the most successfully farmed species and a representative model of the salmonids family. This work aims to expand that knowledge by investigating the niche stromal components that contribute to intestinal homeostasis. We analyzed samples belonging to five individuals collected from a local commercial farm. Histological and ultrastructural studies revealed peculiar mesenchymal cells adjacent to the epithelium that generated an intricate mesh spanning from the folds' base to their apex. Their voluminous nuclei, limited cytoplasm and long cytoplasmic projections characterized them as telocytes (TCs). TEM analysis showed the secretion of extracellular vesicles, suggesting their functional implication in cell-to-cell communication. Furthermore, we evaluated the localization of well-defined mouse TC markers (pdgfrα and foxl1) and their relationship with the epithelial component of the niche. TCs establish a direct connection with ISCs and provide short-range signaling, which also indicates their key role as the mesenchymal component of the stem-cell niche in this species. Interestingly, the TC distribution and gene-expression pattern in rainbow trout closely overlapped with those observed in mice, indicating that they have the same functions in both species. These results substantially improve our understanding of the mechanisms regulating intestinal homeostasis and will enable a more detailed evaluation of innovative feed effects.
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Exosomes derived from LPS-stimulated human thymic mesenchymal stromal cells enhance inflammation via thrombospondin-1. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:229753. [PMID: 34505627 PMCID: PMC8521535 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20203573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory response mediated by immune cells is either directly or indirectly regulated by mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Accumulating evidence suggests that thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) is highly expressed in response to inflammation. In this work, we isolated and identified human thymic mesenchymal stromal cells (tMSCs) and detected the expression of TSP-1. We found that tMSCs expressed TSP-1 and Poly (I:C) or LPS treatment promoted the expression of TSP-1. Further, we isolated and identified exosomes originating from tMSCs (MEXs). Notably, exosomes derived from LPS-pretreated tMSCs (MEXsLPS) promoted the polarization of macrophages to M1-like phenotype and IL-6, TNF-α secretion as well as the pro-inflammatory differentiation of CD4+T cells into Th17 cells. Upon silencing the expression of TSP-1 in tMSCs, the pro-inflammatory effects of MEXsLPS were suppressed. Therefore, these findings uncovered TSP-1 as the principal factor in MEXsLPS pro-inflammatory regulation.
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Extracellular Vesicles miRNA Cargo for Microglia Polarization in Traumatic Brain Injury. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10060901. [PMID: 32545705 PMCID: PMC7356143 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the major causes of death and disability worldwide, and despite its high dissemination, effective pharmacotherapies are lacking. TBI can be divided into two phases: the instantaneous primary mechanical injury, which occurs at the moment of insult, and the delayed secondary injury, which involves a cascade of biological processes that lead to neuroinflammation. Neuroinflammation is a hallmark of both acute and chronic TBI, and it is considered to be one of the major determinants of the outcome and progression of disease. In TBI one of the emerging mechanisms for cell–cell communication involved in the immune response regulation is represented by Extracellular Vesicles (EVs). These latter are produced by all cell types and are considered a fingerprint of their generating cells. Exosomes are the most studied nanosized vesicles and can carry a variety of molecular constituents of their cell of origin, including microRNAs (miRNAs). Several miRNAs have been shown to target key neuropathophysiological pathways involved in TBI. The focus of this review is to analyze exosomes and their miRNA cargo to modulate TBI neuroinflammation providing new strategies for prevent long-term progression of disease.
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The Role of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Extracellular Vesicles (MSC-EVs) in Normal and Abnormal Hematopoiesis and Their Therapeutic Potential. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9030856. [PMID: 32245055 PMCID: PMC7141498 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a heterogeneous cellular population responsible for the support, maintenance, and regulation of normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). In many hematological malignancies, however, MSCs are deregulated and may create an inhibitory microenvironment able to induce the disease initiation and/or progression. MSCs secrete soluble factors including extracellular vesicles (EVs), which may influence the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment via paracrine mechanisms. MSC-derived EVs (MSC-EVs) may even mimic the effects of MSCs from which they originate. Therefore, MSC-EVs contribute to the BM homeostasis but may also display multiple roles in the induction and maintenance of abnormal hematopoiesis. Compared to MSCs, MSC-EVs have been considered a more promising tool for therapeutic purposes including the prevention and treatment of Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD) following allogenic HSC transplantation (HSCT). There are, however, still unanswered questions such as the molecular and cellular mechanisms associated with the supportive effect of MSC-EVs, the impact of the isolation, purification, large-scale production, storage conditions, MSC source, and donor characteristics on MSC-EV biological effects as well as the optimal dose and safety for clinical usage. This review summarizes the role of MSC-EVs in normal and malignant hematopoiesis and their potential contribution in treating GVHD.
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Sabry D, Mohamed A, Monir M, Ibrahim HA. The Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived Microvesicles on the Treatment of Experimental CCL4 Induced Liver Fibrosis in Rats. Int J Stem Cells 2019; 12:400-409. [PMID: 31474025 PMCID: PMC6881047 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc18143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives The release of microvesicles (MVs) from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been implicated in intercellular communication, and may contribute to beneficial paracrine effects of stem cell-based therapies. We investigated the effect of administration of MSC-MVs on the therapeutic potential of carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) induced liver fibrosis in rats. Methods Our work included: isolation and further identification of bone marrow MSC-MVs by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Liver fibrosis was induced in rats by CCl4 followed by injection of prepared MSC-MVs in injured rats. The effects of MSC-MVs were evaluated by biochemical analysis of liver functions, RNA gene expression quantitation for collagen-1α, transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by real time reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) techniques. Finally histopathological examination of the liver tissues was assessed for all studied groups. Results BM-MSC-MVs treated group showed significant increase in serum albumin levels, VEGF quantitative gene expression (p<0.05), while it showed a significant decrease in serum alanine transaminase (ALT) enzyme levels, quantitative gene expression of TGF-β, collagen-1α, IL-1β compared to CCL4 fibrotic group (p<0.05). Additionally, the histopathological assessment of the liver tissues of BM-MSC-MVs treated group showed marked decrease in the collagen deposition & improvement of histopathological picture in comparison with CCL4 fibrotic group. Conclusions Our study demonstrates that BM-MSC-MVs possess anti-fibrotic, anti-inflammatory, and pro-angiogenic properties which can promote the resolution of CCL4 induced liver fibrosis in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Sabry
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abbas Mohamed
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Manar Monir
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Heba A Ibrahim
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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11
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Roballo KCS, da Silveira JC, Bressan FF, de Souza AF, Pereira VM, Porras JEP, Rós FA, Pulz LH, Strefezzi RDF, Martins DDS, Meirelles FV, Ambrósio CE. Neurons-derived extracellular vesicles promote neural differentiation of ADSCs: a model to prevent peripheral nerve degeneration. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11213. [PMID: 31371742 PMCID: PMC6671995 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47229-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Potential mechanisms involved in neural differentiation of adipocyte derived stem cells (ADSCs) are still unclear. In the present study, extracellular vesicles (EVs) were tested as a potential mechanism involved in the neuronal differentiation of stem cells. In order to address this, ADSCs and neurons (BRC) were established in primary culture and co-culture at three timepoints. Furthermore, we evaluated protein and transcript levels of differentiated ADSCs from the same timepoints, to confirm phenotype change to neuronal linage. Importantly, neuron-derived EVs cargo and EVs originated from co-culture were analyzed and tested in terms of function, such as gene expression and microRNA levels related to the adult neurogenesis process. Ideal neuron-like cells were identified and, therefore, we speculated the in vivo function of these cells in acute sciatic nerve injury. Overall, our data demonstrated that ADSCs in indirect contact with neurons differentiated into neuron-like cells. Neuron-derived EVs appear to play an important role in this process carrying SNAP25, miR-132 and miR-9. Additionally, in vivo neuron-like cells helped in microenvironment modulation probably preventing peripheral nerve injury degeneration. Consequently, our findings provide new insight of future methods of ADSC induction into neuronal linage to be applied in peripheral nerve (PN) injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Cristine Santos Roballo
- Veterinary Medicine Department, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, 13635-900, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliano Coelho da Silveira
- Veterinary Medicine Department, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, 13635-900, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fabiana Fernandes Bressan
- Veterinary Medicine Department, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, 13635-900, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline Fernanda de Souza
- Veterinary Medicine Department, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, 13635-900, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Vitoria Mattos Pereira
- Veterinary Medicine Department, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, 13635-900, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Jorge Eliecer Pinzon Porras
- Veterinary Medicine Department, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, 13635-900, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Posgraduation, University National of Columbia, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Felipe Augusto Rós
- Veterinary Medicine Department, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, 13635-900, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Lidia Hildebrand Pulz
- Experimental and Comparative Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87 - Butantã, 05508-010, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo de Francisco Strefezzi
- Veterinary Medicine Department, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, 13635-900, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil.,Experimental and Comparative Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87 - Butantã, 05508-010, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniele Dos Santos Martins
- Veterinary Medicine Department, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, 13635-900, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Flavio Vieira Meirelles
- Veterinary Medicine Department, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, 13635-900, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Ambrósio
- Veterinary Medicine Department, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, 13635-900, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
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12
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Emerging Role of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Pathogenesis of Haematological Malignancies. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:6854080. [PMID: 31281380 PMCID: PMC6589251 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6854080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Homoeostasis of bone marrow microenvironment depends on a precise balance between cell proliferation and death, which is supported by the cellular-extracellular matrix crosstalk. Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are the key elements to provide the specialized bone marrow microenvironment by supporting, maintaining, and regulating the functions and fate of haematopoietic stem cells. Despite the great potential of MSC for cell therapy in several diseases due to their regenerative, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory properties, they can also contribute to modulate tumor microenvironment. The extracellular vesicles that comprise exosomes and microvesicles are important mediators of intercellular communication due to their ability to change phenotype and physiology of different cell types. These vesicles may interact not only with neighbouring cells but also with cells from distant tissues to either maintain tissue homoeostasis or participate in disease pathogenesis. This review focuses on the current knowledge about the physiological role of MSC-extracellular vesicles, as well as their deregulation in haematological malignancies and their potential applications as biomarkers for diagnosis, progression, and treatment monitoring of such diseases.
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13
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Yin M, Shen Z, Yang L, Zheng W, Song H. Protective effects of CXCR3/HO‑1 gene‑modified BMMSCs on damaged intestinal epithelial cells: Role of the p38‑MAPK signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2019; 43:2086-2102. [PMID: 30864680 PMCID: PMC6445595 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) modified by CXC-chemokine receptor type 3 (CXCR3) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) genes can repair damaged intestinal epithelial cells in vitro, and the role of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38-MAPK) pathway in this process. A model of intestinal epithelial crypt cell line-6 (IEC-6) damage was created, and BMMSCs were transfected with either the CXCR3 and/or HO-1 gene in vitro. There were nine experimental groups in which the damaged IEC-6 cells were co-cultured with differentially-treated BMMSCs and lymphocytes for 24 h. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis, immunohistochemistry and a western blot analysis were performed to detect stem cell transfection, the repair of damaged intestinal epithelial cells and the expression of related molecules in the P38-MAPK pathway, respectively. Crystal violet staining and live cell imaging were used to detect the chemotaxis of BMMSCs. Flow cytometry was used to detect T lymphocyte activity and the surface markers expressed on BMMSCs. An ELISA was used to quantify cytokine production. The adenovirus (Ad)-CXCR3/MSCs exhibited the characteristics of stem cells and exhibited chemotaxis. The Ad-CXCR3/MSCs and Ad-(CXCR3 + HO)/MSCs exhibited increased expression of tight junction protein zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen in the damaged IEC-6 cells, and apoptosis of the damaged IEC-6 cells was decreased. BMMSCs inhibited the phosphorylation of p38, in addition to downstream molecules of the p38MAPK signaling pathway. The Ad-CXCR3/MSCs and Ad-(CXCR3 + HO)/MSCs exhibited significantly decreased expression levels of downstream molecules, including phosphorylated (p)-p38, p-activated transcription factor 2, p-C/EBP homologous protein-10, and p-myocyte enhancer factor 2C, and target molecules (e.g., apoptotic bodies). The effects of Ad-(CXCR3 + HO)/MSCs on the repair of the damaged intestinal tract and inhibition of the p38-MAPK pathway was more marked than those in other groups on day 7 post-surgery in the rejection model for small bowel transplantation. BMMSCs modified by the CXCR3 and HO-1 genes exhibited superior ability to repair damaged intestinal epithelial cells and served this role via the p38-MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingli Yin
- Tianjin First Central Hospital Clinic Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Zhongyang Shen
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
| | - Liu Yang
- Tianjin First Central Hospital Clinic Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Weiping Zheng
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
| | - Hongli Song
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
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14
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Letsiou E, Bauer N. Endothelial Extracellular Vesicles in Pulmonary Function and Disease. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2018; 82:197-256. [PMID: 30360780 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The pulmonary vascular endothelium is involved in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic lung diseases. Endothelial cell (EC)-derived products such as extracellular vesicles (EVs) serve as EC messengers that mediate inflammatory as well as cytoprotective effects. EC-EVs are a broad term, which encompasses exosomes and microvesicles of endothelial origin. EVs are comprised of lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins that reflect not only the cellular origin but also the stimulus that triggered their biogenesis and secretion. This chapter presents an overview of the biology of EC-EVs and summarizes key findings regarding their characteristics, components, and functions. The role of EC-EVs is specifically delineated in pulmonary diseases characterized by endothelial dysfunction, including pulmonary hypertension, acute respiratory distress syndrome and associated conditions, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and obstructive sleep apnea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftheria Letsiou
- Division of Pulmonary Inflammation, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Natalie Bauer
- Department of Pharmacology & Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States.
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15
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Panagiotou N, Neytchev O, Selman C, Shiels PG. Extracellular Vesicles, Ageing, and Therapeutic Interventions. Cells 2018; 7:cells7080110. [PMID: 30126173 PMCID: PMC6115766 DOI: 10.3390/cells7080110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A more comprehensive understanding of the human ageing process is required to help mitigate the increasing burden of age-related morbidities in a rapidly growing global demographic of elderly individuals. One exciting novel strategy that has emerged to intervene involves the use of extracellular vesicles to engender tissue regeneration. Specifically, this employs their molecular payloads to confer changes in the epigenetic landscape of ageing cells and ameliorate the loss of functional capacity. Understanding the biology of extracellular vesicles and the specific roles they play during normative ageing will allow for the development of novel cell-free therapeutic interventions. Hence, the purpose of this review is to summarise the current understanding of the mechanisms that drive ageing, critically explore how extracellular vesicles affect ageing processes and discuss their therapeutic potential to mitigate the effects of age-associated morbidities and improve the human health span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Panagiotou
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.
| | - Ognian Neytchev
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.
| | - Colin Selman
- College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Graham Kerr, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Paul G Shiels
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.
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16
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Wu Y, Qiu W, Xu X, Kang J, Wang J, Wen Y, Tang X, Yan Y, Qian H, Zhang X, Xu W, Mao F. Exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells alleviate inflammatory bowel disease in mice through ubiquitination. Am J Transl Res 2018; 10:2026-2036. [PMID: 30093940 PMCID: PMC6079129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes released from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have an anti-inflammatory effect and can repair tissue injuries. Ubiquitination plays an important role in the regulation of various biological functions, including the regulation of inflammation. However, it remains unknown whether exosomes from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hucMSC-ex) may cure the mice of DSS-induced inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) through the ubiquitin modification. In this study, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect and probe the mechanism relating to ubiquitination underlying the hucMSC-ex treatment in DSS-induced IBD of mice. HucMSC-ex significantly improved the symptoms of IBD in mice. In the IBD group, the gene expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, NAe1, E2M and Uba3 dramatically increased while those of IL-10 and IP-10 decreased. The gene expression level in the group of hucMSC-ex treatment was adversed to that in the group of IBD. In the hucMSC-ex treated group, western blot results showed that the protein expressions of K48, K63 and FK2 have significantly decreased. Compared with that in the IBD mice, the mice treated by hucMSC-ex could recover the integrity of tissue structure. Our results indicated that exosomes from hucMSCs have profound effects on alleviating DSS-induced IBD and may exert their function by regulating the ubiquitin modification level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunbing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- Northern Jiangsu People’s HospitalYangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Wei Qiu
- Jiangning Hospital of NanjingNanjing 211100, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xinwei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Kang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jingyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yingying Wen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xudong Tang
- Jiangsu University of Science and TechnologyZhenjiang 212018, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yongmin Yan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Hui Qian
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Wenrong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Fei Mao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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Shah T, Qin S, Vashi M, Predescu DN, Jeganathan N, Bardita C, Ganesh B, diBartolo S, Fogg LF, Balk RA, Predescu SA. Alk5/Runx1 signaling mediated by extracellular vesicles promotes vascular repair in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Clin Transl Med 2018; 7:19. [PMID: 29931538 PMCID: PMC6013417 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-018-0197-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pulmonary endothelial cells’ (ECs) injury and apoptotic death are necessary and sufficient for the pathogenesis of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), regardless of epithelial damage. Interaction of dysfunctional ECs with circulatory extracellular vesicles (EVs) holds therapeutic promise in ARDS. However, the presence in the blood of long-term ARDS survivors of EVs with a distinct phenotype compared to the EVs of non-surviving patients is not reported. With a multidisciplinary translational approach, we studied EVs from the blood of 33 patients with moderate-to-severe ARDS. Results The EVs were isolated from the blood of ARDS and control subjects. Immunoblotting and magnetic beads immunoisolation complemented by standardized flow cytometry and nanoparticles tracking analyses identified in the ARDS patients a subset of EVs with mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) origin (CD73+CD105+Cd34−CD45−). These EVs have 4.7-fold greater counts compared to controls and comprise the transforming growth factor-beta receptor I (TβRI)/Alk5 and the Runx1 transcription factor. Time course analyses showed that the expression pattern of two Runx1 isoforms is critical for ARDS outcome: the p52 isoform shows a continuous expression, while the p66 is short-lived. A high ratio Runx1p66/p52 provided a survival advantage, regardless of age, sex, disease severity or length of stay in the intensive care unit. Moreover, the Runx1p66 isoform is transiently expressed by cultured human bone marrow-derived MSCs, it is released in the EVs recoverable from the conditioned media and stimulates the proliferation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated ECs. The findings are consistent with a causal effect of Runx1p66 expression on EC proliferation. Furthermore, morphological and functional assays showed that the EVs bearing the Runx1p66 enhanced junctional integrity of LPS-injured ECs and decreased lung histological severity in the LPS-treated mice. Conclusions The expression pattern of Runx1 isoforms might be a reliable circulatory biomarker of ARDS activity and a novel determinant of the molecular mechanism for lung vascular/tissue repair and recovery after severe injury. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40169-018-0197-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trushil Shah
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, UTSouthwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Shanshan Qin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, 1750W Harrison St. 1535 JS, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Mona Vashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, 1750W Harrison St. 1535 JS, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Dan N Predescu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, 1750W Harrison St. 1535 JS, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Niranjan Jeganathan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, 1750W Harrison St. 1535 JS, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Cristina Bardita
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Salvatore diBartolo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, 1750W Harrison St. 1535 JS, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Louis F Fogg
- College of Nursing, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robert A Balk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, 1750W Harrison St. 1535 JS, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Sanda A Predescu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, 1750W Harrison St. 1535 JS, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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18
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MSC-derived Extracellular Vesicles Attenuate Immune Responses in Two Autoimmune Murine Models: Type 1 Diabetes and Uveoretinitis. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 8:1214-1225. [PMID: 28494937 PMCID: PMC5425726 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence shows that extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced by mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) exert their therapeutic effects in several disease models. We previously demonstrated that MSCs suppress autoimmunity in models of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU). Therefore, here, we investigated the therapeutic potential of MSC-derived EVs using our established mouse models for autoimmune diseases affecting the pancreas and the eye: T1D and EAU. The data demonstrate that MSC-derived EVs effectively prevent the onset of disease in both T1D and EAU. In addition, the mixed lymphocyte reaction assay with MSC-derived EVs indicated that EVs inhibit activation of antigen-presenting cells and suppress development of T helper 1 (Th1) and Th17 cells. These results raise the possibility that MSC-derived EVs may be an alternative to cell therapy for autoimmune disease prevention. MSC-derived EVs prevent the onset of T1D and EAU MSC-derived EVs suppress Th1 and Th17 cell development MSC-derived EVs suppress activation of antigen-presenting cells and T cells
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19
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Simones AA, Beisang DJ, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, Roberts KD. Mesenchymal stem cells in the pathogenesis and treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia: a clinical review. Pediatr Res 2018; 83:308-317. [PMID: 28945702 PMCID: PMC5895100 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2017.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Advances in neonatal medicine have led to increased survival of infants born at the limits of viability, resulting in an increased incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). BPD is a chronic lung disease of premature infants characterized by the arrest of alveolarization, fibroblast activation, and inflammation. BPD leads to significant morbidity and mortality in the neonatal period and is one of the leading causes of chronic lung disease in children. The past decade has brought a surge of trials investigating cellular therapies for the treatment of pulmonary diseases. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are of particular interest because of their ease of isolation, low immunogenicity, and anti-inflammatory and reparative properties. Clinical trials of MSCs have demonstrated short-term safety and tolerability; however, studies have also shown populations of MSCs with adverse pro-inflammatory and myofibroblastic characteristics. Cell-based therapies may represent the next breakthrough therapy for the treatment of BPD, however, there remain barriers to implementation as well as gaps in knowledge of the role of endogenous MSCs in the pathogenesis of BPD. Concurrent high-quality basic science, translational, and clinical studies investigating the fundamental pathophysiology underlying BPD, therapeutic mechanisms of exogenous MSCs, and logistics of translating cellular therapies will be important areas of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann A. Simones
- University of Minnesota Masonic Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Daniel J. Beisang
- University of Minnesota Masonic Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | - Kari D. Roberts
- University of Minnesota Masonic Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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20
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Zhao M, Li P, Xu H, Pan Q, Zeng R, Ma X, Li Z, Lin H. Dexamethasone-Activated MSCs Release MVs for Stimulating Osteogenic Response. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:7231739. [PMID: 29760734 PMCID: PMC5926524 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7231739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular microvesicles (MVs) are attracting much attention because they are found to be the key paracrine mediator participating in tissue regeneration. Dexamethasone (DXM) is widely accepted as an important regulator in tailoring the differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). However, the effect of DXM on the paracrine signaling of MSCs remains unknown. To this point, we aimed to explore the role of DXM in regulating the paracrine activity of MSCs through evaluating the release and function of MSC-MVs, based on their physicochemical characteristics and support on osteogenic response. Results showed that DXM had no evident impact on the release of MSC-MVs but played a pivotal role in regulating the function of MSC-MVs. MVs obtained from the DXM-stimulated MSCs (DXM-MVs) increased MC3T3 cell proliferation and migration and upregulated Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and osteopontin (OPN) expression. The repair efficiency of DXM-MVs for femur defects was further investigated in an established rat model. It was found that DXM-MVs accelerated the healing process of bone formation in the defect area. Thus, we conclude that using DXM as stimuli to obtain functional MSCs-MVs could become a valuable tool for promoting bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyan Zhao
- 1Stem Cell Research and Cellular Therapy Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Peng Li
- 1Stem Cell Research and Cellular Therapy Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Haijia Xu
- 2Department of Orthopaedics, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Qunwen Pan
- 3Department of Surgery, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Rong Zeng
- 4Department of Spinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Xiaotang Ma
- 3Department of Surgery, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Zhanghua Li
- 2Department of Orthopaedics, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Hao Lin
- 4Department of Spinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
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21
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Timari H, Shamsasenjan K, Movassaghpour A, Akbarzadehlaleh P, Pashoutan Sarvar D, Aqmasheh S. The Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles on Hematopoietic Stem Cells Fate. Adv Pharm Bull 2017; 7:531-546. [PMID: 29399543 PMCID: PMC5788208 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2017.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are multipotent stem cells, with self-renewal ability as well as ability to generate all blood cells. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells, with self-renewal ability, and capable of differentiating into a variety of cell types. MSCs have supporting effects on hematopoiesis; through direct intercellular communications as well as secreting cytokines, chemokines, and extracellular vesicles (EVs). Recent investigations demonstrated that some biological functions and effects of MSCs are mediated by their EVs. MSC-EVs are the cell membrane and endosomal membrane compartments, which are important mediators in the intercellular communications. MSC-EVs contain some of the molecules such as proteins, mRNA, siRNA, and miRNA from their parental cells. MSC-EVs are able to inhibit tumor, repair damaged tissue, and modulate immune system responses. MSC-EVs compared to their parental cells, may have the specific safety advantages such as the lower potential to trigger immune system responses and limited side effects. Recently some studies demonstrated the effect of MSC-EVs on the expansion, differentiation, and clinical applications of HSCs such as improvement of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and inhibition of graft versus host disease (GVHD). HSCT may be the only therapeutic choice for patients who suffer from malignant and non-malignant hematological disorders. However, there are several severe side effects such GVHD that restricts the successfulness of HSCT. In this review, we will discuss the most important effects of MSCs and MSC-EVs on the improvement of HSCT, inhibition and treatment of GVHD, as well as, on the expansion of HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamze Timari
- Stem Cell Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Karim Shamsasenjan
- Stem Cell Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aliakbar Movassaghpour
- Hematology Oncology Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parvin Akbarzadehlaleh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Sara Aqmasheh
- Stem Cell Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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22
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Chen J, Hu C, Pan P. Extracellular Vesicle MicroRNA Transfer in Lung Diseases. Front Physiol 2017; 8:1028. [PMID: 29311962 PMCID: PMC5732924 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.01028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded, small non-coding RNAs that ate involved in the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Recently, miRNAs were demonstrated to be effectively delivered to a target cell or tissue from a host cell via extracellular vesicles (EVs). These EVs can be detected in blood, urine, exhaled breath condensates, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and other fluids. miRNAs are generated by donor cells and then packaged into EVs and delivered with intact functionality. After being delivered to the target cells, they regulate the translation of their target genes and the function of the target cells. Thus, EV transported miRNAs have become a new method for intercellular communication. EV miRNA transfer is well-documented in various pulmonary diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, pulmonary hypertension, and acute lung injury (ALI). In this review, we summarize the novel findings of EV miRNA transfer, focusing on the roles of miR-210, miR-200, miR-17, miR-146a, miR-155, and other miRNAs that are transported from primary human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs), BALF, mesenchymal stem cells, and dendritic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Site of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chengping Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Site of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pinhua Pan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Site of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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23
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Jeganathan N, Predescu D, Predescu S. Intersectin-1s deficiency in pulmonary pathogenesis. Respir Res 2017; 18:168. [PMID: 28874189 PMCID: PMC5585975 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0652-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intersectin-1s (ITSN-1s), a multidomain adaptor protein, plays a vital role in endocytosis, cytoskeleton rearrangement and cell signaling. Recent studies have demonstrated that deficiency of ITSN-1s is a crucial early event in pulmonary pathogenesis. In lung cancer, ITSN-1s deficiency impairs Eps8 ubiquitination and favors Eps8-mSos1 interaction which activates Rac1 leading to enhanced lung cancer cell proliferation, migration and metastasis. Restoring ITSN-1s deficiency in lung cancer cells facilitates cytoskeleton changes favoring mesenchymal to epithelial transformation and impairs lung cancer progression. ITSN-1s deficiency in acute lung injury leads to impaired endocytosis which leads to ubiquitination and degradation of growth factor receptors such as Alk5. This deficiency is counterbalanced by microparticles which, via paracrine effects, transfer Alk5/TGFβRII complex to non-apoptotic cells. In the presence of ITSN-1s deficiency, Alk5-restored cells signal via Erk1/2 MAPK pathway leading to restoration and repair of lung architecture. In inflammatory conditions such as pulmonary artery hypertension, ITSN-1s full length protein is cleaved by granzyme B into EHITSN and SH3A-EITSN fragments. The EHITSN fragment leads to pulmonary cell proliferation via activation of p38 MAPK and Elk-1/c-Fos signaling. In vivo, ITSN-1s deficient mice transduced with EHITSN plasmid develop pulmonary vascular obliteration and plexiform lesions consistent with pathological findings seen in severe pulmonary arterial hypertension. These novel findings have significantly contributed to understanding the mechanisms and pathogenesis involved in pulmonary pathology. As demonstrated in these studies, genetically modified ITSN-1s expression mouse models will be a valuable tool to further advance our understanding of pulmonary pathology and lead to novel targets for treating these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dan Predescu
- Department of Pharmacology and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Rush University, 1750 W. Harrison Street, 1415 Jelke, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Sanda Predescu
- Department of Pharmacology and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Rush University Medical Center and Rush Medical College, 1750 W. Harrison Street, 1535 Jelke, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
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24
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Yin ML, Song HL, Yang Y, Zheng WP, Liu T, Shen ZY. Effect of CXCR3/HO-1 genes modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on small bowel transplant rejection. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:4016-4038. [PMID: 28652655 PMCID: PMC5473121 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i22.4016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate whether bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) modified with the HO-1 and CXCR3 genes can augment the inhibitory effect of BMMSCs on small bowel transplant rejection.
METHODS Lewis rat BMMSCs were cultured in vitro. Third-passage BMMSCs were transduced with the CXCR3/HO-1 genes or the HO-1 gene alone. The rats were divided into six groups and rats in the experimental group were pretreated with BMMSCs 7 d prior to small bowel transplant. Six time points (instant, 1 d, 3 d, 7 d, 10 d, and 14 d) (n = 6) were chosen for each group. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe pathologic rejection, while immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to detect protein expression. Flow cytometry was used to detect T lymphocytes and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect cytokines.
RESULTS The median survival time of BMMSCs from the CXCR3/HO-1 modified group (53 d) was significantly longer than that of the HO-1 modified BMMSCs group (39 d), the BMMSCs group (26 d), and the NS group (control group) (16 d) (P < 0.05). Compared with BMMSCs from the HO-1 modified BMMSCs, BMMSCs, and NS groups, rejection of the small bowel in the CXCR3/HO-1 modified group was significantly reduced, while the weight of transplant recipients was also significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Furthermore, IL-2, IL-6, IL-17, IFN-γ, and TNF-α levels were significantly decreased and the levels of IL-10 and TGF-β were significantly increased (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION BMMSCs modified with the CXCR3 and HO-1 genes can abrogate the rejection of transplanted small bowel more effectively and significantly increase the survival time of rats that receive a small bowel transplant.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Cell Survival
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytokines/blood
- Graft Rejection/enzymology
- Graft Rejection/immunology
- Graft Rejection/pathology
- Graft Rejection/prevention & control
- Graft Survival
- Heme Oxygenase-1/genetics
- Heme Oxygenase-1/metabolism
- Intestine, Small/enzymology
- Intestine, Small/immunology
- Intestine, Small/pathology
- Intestine, Small/transplantation
- Male
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/enzymology
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/immunology
- Phenotype
- Rats, Inbred BN
- Rats, Inbred Lew
- Receptors, CXCR3/genetics
- Receptors, CXCR3/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- Time Factors
- Transfection
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25
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De Luca L, Trino S, Laurenzana I, Lamorte D, Caivano A, Del Vecchio L, Musto P. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Extracellular Vesicles: A Role in Hematopoietic Transplantation? Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18051022. [PMID: 28486431 PMCID: PMC5454935 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18051022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a heterogeneous cellular population containing different progenitors able to repair tissues, support hematopoiesis, and modulate immune and inflammatory responses. Several clinical trials have used MSCs in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) to prevent hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) engraftment failure, reduce aplasia post chemotherapy, and to control graft versus host disease (GvHD). The efficacy of MSCs is linked to their immune suppressive and anti-inflammatory properties primarily due to the release of soluble factors. Recent studies indicate that most of these effects are mediated by extracellular vesicles (EVs). MSC-EVs have therefore therapeutic effects in regenerative medicine, tumor inhibition, and immune-regulation. MSC-EVs may offer specific advantages for patient safety, such as lower propensity to trigger innate and adaptive immune responses. It has been also shown that MSC-EVs can prevent or treat acute-GvHD by modulating the immune-response and, combined with HSCs, may contribute to the hematopoietic microenvironment reconstitution. Finally, MSC-EVs may provide a new potential therapeutic option (e.g., transplantation, gene therapy) for different diseases, particularly hematological malignancies. In this review, we will describe MSC and MSC-EVs role in improving allo-HSCT procedures and in treating GvHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana De Luca
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB), 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy.
| | - Stefania Trino
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB), 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Laurenzana
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB), 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy.
| | - Daniela Lamorte
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB), 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy.
| | - Antonella Caivano
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB), 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy.
| | - Luigi Del Vecchio
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.a r.l., 80147 Naples, Italy.
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Pellegrino Musto
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS-Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB), 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy.
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26
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Dykstra JA, Facile T, Patrick RJ, Francis KR, Milanovich S, Weimer JM, Kota DJ. Concise Review: Fat and Furious: Harnessing the Full Potential of Adipose-Derived Stromal Vascular Fraction. Stem Cells Transl Med 2017; 6:1096-1108. [PMID: 28186685 PMCID: PMC5388064 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.16-0337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their capacity to self-renew, proliferate and generate multi-lineage cells, adult-derived stem cells offer great potential for use in regenerative therapies to stop and/or reverse degenerative diseases such as diabetes, heart failure, Alzheimer's disease and others. However, these subsets of cells can be isolated from different niches, each with differing potential for therapeutic applications. The stromal vascular fraction (SVF), a stem cell enriched and adipose-derived cell population, has garnered interest as a therapeutic in regenerative medicine due to its ability to secrete paracrine factors that accelerate endogenous repair, ease of accessibility and lack of identified major adverse effects. Thus, one can easily understand the rush to employ adipose-derived SVF to treat human disease. Perhaps faster than any other cell preparation, SVF is making its way to clinics worldwide, while critical preclinical research needed to establish SVF safety, efficacy and optimal, standardized clinical procedures are underway. Here, we will provide an overview of the current knowledge driving this phenomenon, its regulatory issues and existing studies, and propose potential unmapped applications. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2017;6:1096-1108.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan A. Dykstra
- Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux FallsSouth DakotaUSA
| | - Tiffany Facile
- Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux FallsSouth DakotaUSA
| | - Ryan J. Patrick
- Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux FallsSouth DakotaUSA
| | - Kevin R. Francis
- Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux FallsSouth DakotaUSA
- Department of PediatricsThe University of South Dakota Sanford School of MedicineVermillion, South DakotaUSA
| | - Samuel Milanovich
- Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux FallsSouth DakotaUSA
- Department of PediatricsThe University of South Dakota Sanford School of MedicineVermillion, South DakotaUSA
| | - Jill M. Weimer
- Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux FallsSouth DakotaUSA
- Department of PediatricsThe University of South Dakota Sanford School of MedicineVermillion, South DakotaUSA
| | - Daniel J. Kota
- Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux FallsSouth DakotaUSA
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27
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Roemer A, Köhl U, Majdani O, Klöß S, Falk C, Haumann S, Lenarz T, Kral A, Warnecke A. Biohybrid cochlear implants in human neurosensory restoration. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:148. [PMID: 27717379 PMCID: PMC5055669 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0408-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The success of cochlear implantation may be further improved by minimizing implantation trauma. The physical trauma of implantation and subsequent immunological sequelae can affect residual hearing and the viability of the spiral ganglion. An ideal electrode should therefore decrease post-implantation trauma and provide support to the residual spiral ganglion population. Combining a flexible electrode with cells producing and releasing protective factors could present a potential means to achieve this. Mononuclear cells obtained from bone marrow (BM-MNC) consist of mesenchymal and hematopoietic progenitor cells. They possess the innate capacity to induce repair of traumatized tissue and to modulate immunological reactions. METHODS Human bone marrow was obtained from the patients that received treatment with biohybrid electrodes. Autologous mononuclear cells were isolated from bone marrow (BM-MNC) by centrifugation using the Regenlab™ THT-centrifugation tubes. Isolated BM-MNC were characterised using flow cytometry. In addition, the release of cytokines was analysed and their biological effect tested on spiral ganglion neurons isolated from neonatal rats. Fibrin adhesive (Tisseal™) was used for the coating of silicone-based cochlear implant electrode arrays for human use in order to generate biohybrid electrodes. Toxicity of the fibrin adhesive and influence on insertion, as well on the cell coating, was investigated. Furthermore, biohybrid electrodes were implanted in three patients. RESULTS Human BM-MNC release cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors that exert anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. Using fibrin adhesive as a carrier for BM-MNC, a simple and effective cell coating procedure for cochlear implant electrodes was developed that can be utilised on-site in the operating room for the generation of biohybrid electrodes for intracochlear cell-based drug delivery. A safety study demonstrated the feasibility of autologous progenitor cell transplantation in humans as an adjuvant to cochlear implantation for neurosensory restoration. CONCLUSION This is the first report of the use of autologous cell transplantation to the human inner ear. Due to the simplicity of this procedure, we hope to initiate its widespread utilization in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Roemer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence “Hearing4all”, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrike Köhl
- Institute for Cellular Therapeutics, IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Omid Majdani
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence “Hearing4all”, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Stephan Klöß
- Institute for Cellular Therapeutics, IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Christine Falk
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Sabine Haumann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence “Hearing4all”, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Lenarz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence “Hearing4all”, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Andrej Kral
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence “Hearing4all”, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Athanasia Warnecke
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence “Hearing4all”, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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28
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Cheung MB, Sampayo-Escobar V, Green R, Moore ML, Mohapatra S, Mohapatra SS. Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Infected Mesenchymal Stem Cells Regulate Immunity via Interferon Beta and Indoleamine-2,3-Dioxygenase. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163709. [PMID: 27695127 PMCID: PMC5047639 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has been reported to infect human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) but the consequences are poorly understood. MSCs are present in nearly every organ including the nasal mucosa and the lung and play a role in regulating immune responses and mediating tissue repair. We sought to determine whether RSV infection of MSCs enhances their immune regulatory functions and contributes to RSV-associated lung disease. RSV was shown to replicate in human MSCs by fluorescence microscopy, plaque assay, and expression of RSV transcripts. RSV-infected MSCs showed differentially altered expression of cytokines and chemokines such as IL-1β, IL6, IL-8 and SDF-1 compared to epithelial cells. Notably, RSV-infected MSCs exhibited significantly increased expression of IFN-β (~100-fold) and indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) (~70-fold) than in mock-infected MSCs. IDO was identified in cytosolic protein of infected cells by Western blots and enzymatic activity was detected by tryptophan catabolism assay. Treatment of PBMCs with culture supernatants from RSV-infected MSCs reduced their proliferation in a dose dependent manner. This effect on PBMC activation was reversed by treatment of MSCs with the IDO inhibitors 1-methyltryptophan and vitamin K3 during RSV infection, a result we confirmed by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of IDO in MSCs. Neutralizing IFN-β prevented IDO expression and activity. Treatment of MSCs with an endosomal TLR inhibitor, as well as a specific inhibitor of the TLR3/dsRNA complex, prevented IFN-β and IDO expression. Together, these results suggest that RSV infection of MSCs alters their immune regulatory function by upregulating IFN-β and IDO, affecting immune cell proliferation, which may account for the lack of protective RSV immunity and for chronicity of RSV-associated lung diseases such as asthma and COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B. Cheung
- James A Haley Veterans Affairs Hospital, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Viviana Sampayo-Escobar
- James A Haley Veterans Affairs Hospital, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ryan Green
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Martin L. Moore
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Subhra Mohapatra
- James A Haley Veterans Affairs Hospital, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Shyam S. Mohapatra
- James A Haley Veterans Affairs Hospital, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- University of South Florida College of Pharmacy, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
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29
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Panagiotou N, Wayne Davies R, Selman C, Shiels PG. Microvesicles as Vehicles for Tissue Regeneration: Changing of the Guards. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2016; 4:181-187. [PMID: 27882267 PMCID: PMC5101251 DOI: 10.1007/s40139-016-0115-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Microvesicles (MVs) have been recognised as mediators of stem cell function, enabling and guiding their regenerative effects. RECENT FINDINGS MVs constitute one unique size class of extracellular vesicles (EVs) directly shed from the cell plasma membrane. They facilitate cell-to-cell communication via intercellular transfer of proteins, mRNA and microRNA (miRNA). MVs derived from stem cells, or stem cell regulatory cell types, have proven roles in tissue regeneration and repair processes. Their role in the maintenance of healthy tissue function throughout the life course and thus in age related health span remains to be elucidated. SUMMARY Understanding the biogenesis and mechanisms of action of MVs may enable the development of cell-free therapeutics capable of assisting in tissue maintenance and repair for a variety of age-related degenerative diseases. This review critically evaluates recent work published in this area and highlights important new findings demonstrating the use of MVs in tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Panagiotou
- Wolfson Wohl, Translational Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, MVLS, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH UK
| | - R. Wayne Davies
- School of Informatics, Institute of Neural and Adaptive Computation, Informatics Forum, University of Edinburgh, 10 Crichton Street, Edinburgh, EH8 9AB UK
| | - Colin Selman
- Graham Kerr, Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - Paul G. Shiels
- Wolfson Wohl, Translational Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, MVLS, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH UK
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30
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Abreu SC, Weiss DJ, Rocco PRM. Extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stromal cells: a therapeutic option in respiratory diseases? Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:53. [PMID: 27075363 PMCID: PMC4831172 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0317-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are plasma membrane-bound fragments released from several cell types, including mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), constitutively or under stimulation. EVs derived from MSCs and other cell types transfer molecules (such as DNA, proteins/peptides, mRNA, microRNA, and lipids) and/or organelles with reparative and anti-inflammatory properties to recipient cells. The paracrine anti-inflammatory effects promoted by MSC-derived EVs have attracted significant interest in the regenerative medicine field, including for potential use in lung injuries. In the present review, we describe the characteristics, biological activities, and mechanisms of action of MSC-derived EVs. We also review the therapeutic potential of EVs as reported in relevant preclinical models of acute and chronic respiratory diseases, such as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, asthma, and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Finally, we discuss possible approaches for potentiating the therapeutic effects of MSC-derived EVs so as to enable use of this therapy in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraia C Abreu
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Daniel J Weiss
- Department of Medicine, Vermont Lung Center, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, 89 Beaumont Ave Given, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Patricia R M Rocco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.
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31
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Immunotolerant Properties of Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Updated Review. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2016:1859567. [PMID: 26839557 PMCID: PMC4709780 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1859567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell transplantation is a potential therapeutic option to regenerate damaged myocardium and restore function after infarct. Current research is focused on the use of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) due to their unique immunomodulatory characteristics and ability to be harvested from young and healthy donors. Both animal and human studies support the immunoprivileged state of MSCs and even demonstrate improvements in cardiac function after transplantation. This research continues to be a topic of interest, as advances will ultimately enable the clinical use of these universal cells for therapy after a myocardial infarction. Updated in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trial studies are discussed in detail in the following review.
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32
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Lui PPY. Stem cell technology for tendon regeneration: current status, challenges, and future research directions. STEM CELLS AND CLONING-ADVANCES AND APPLICATIONS 2015; 8:163-74. [PMID: 26715856 PMCID: PMC4685888 DOI: 10.2147/sccaa.s60832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tendon injuries are a common cause of physical disability. They present a clinical challenge to orthopedic surgeons because injured tendons respond poorly to current treatments without tissue regeneration and the time required for rehabilitation is long. New treatment options are required. Stem cell-based therapies offer great potential to promote tendon regeneration due to their high proliferative, synthetic, and immunomodulatory activities as well as their potential to differentiate to the target cell types and undergo genetic modification. In this review, I first recapped the challenges of tendon repair by reviewing the anatomy of tendon. Next, I discussed the advantages and limitations of using different types of stem cells compared to terminally differentiated cells for tendon tissue engineering. The safety and efficacy of application of stem cells and their modified counterparts for tendon tissue engineering were then summarized after a systematic literature search in PubMed. The challenges and future research directions to enhance, optimize, and standardize stem cell-based therapies for augmenting tendon repair were then discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Po Yee Lui
- Headquarter, Hospital Authority, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
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33
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Antibody-Based Assays for Phenotyping of Extracellular Vesicles. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:524817. [PMID: 26770974 PMCID: PMC4681819 DOI: 10.1155/2015/524817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous population of membrane-enclosed vesicles. EVs are recognized as important players in cell-to-cell communication and are described to be involved in numerous biological and pathological processes. The fact that EVs are involved in the development and progression of several diseases has formed the basis for the use of EV analysis in a clinical setting. As the interest in EVs has increased immensely, multiple techniques have been developed aiming at characterizing these vesicles. These techniques characterize different features of EVs, like the size distribution, enumeration, protein composition, and the intravesicular cargo (e.g., RNA). This review focuses on techniques that exploit the specificity and sensitivity associated with antibody-based assays to characterize the protein phenotype of EVs. The protein phenotype of EVs can provide information on the functionality of the vesicles and may be used for identification of disease-related biomarkers. Thus, protein profiling of EVs holds great diagnostic and prognostic potential.
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