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Mchunu ZG, Mthana MS, Mthiyane DM. Dietary effects of Sclerocarya birrea caffra seed cake replacing soyabean meal on physiology, meat and bone quality of indigenous chickens. Vet Anim Sci 2024; 25:100364. [PMID: 38873090 PMCID: PMC11168487 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2024.100364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated marula seed cake (MSC) as alternative protein source (APS) replacing soyabean meal (SBM) in indigenous chicken diets. Four hundred, 3-week-old Boschveld chicks were randomly allocated to 5 iso-energetic-nitrogenous maize and SBM-based grower diets with 0, 10, 15, 20, and 25 % MSC, each with 5 replicate pens of 16 birds, in a completely randomised design (CRD), for 9 weeks. Results showed that dietary MSC quadratically decreased bird overall feed intake (FI) (P < 0.001) and body weight gain (BWG) (P < 0.01) as it linearly decreased the weights of hot carcass (HCW; P < 0.05), spleen (P < 0.05), jejunum (P < 0.05), ileum (P < 0.001), and caecum (P < 0.001). In contrast, MSC increased chicken serum glucose (P < 0.05), cholesterol (P = 0.001) and phosphate (P < 0.05) as it decreased its amylase activity (P < 0.01). Also, it decreased bird meat lightness at 45 min (P < 0.05) and its yellowness at 45 min (P < 0.001) and 24 h (P < 0.001) whilst it increased its redness at 45 min (P < 0.01) and 24 h (P < 0.05) post-slaughter. In addition, MSC decreased chicken bone medial diaphysis (P < 0.05) as it induced no effects (P > 0.05) on overall feed conversion efficiency (FCE) and all other parameters. In conclusion, feeding of ≤ 15 % dietary MSC is nutritionally safe for indigenous chickens whilst detrimental on bird appetite, growth and meat yield, however without significantly affecting their physiology, at higher inclusion levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zibukile G. Mchunu
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University (Mahikeng Campus), Private Bag X 2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
| | - Makiwa S. Mthana
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University (Mahikeng Campus), Private Bag X 2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
| | - Doctor M.N Mthiyane
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University (Mahikeng Campus), Private Bag X 2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University (Mahikeng Campus), Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
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Daryatmo IM, Juiputta J, Chankitisakul V, Boonkum W. Genetic Selection Approach for Semen Characteristics in Thai Native Grandparent Roosters (Pradu Hang Dum) Using Random Regression Test-Day Models and Selection Indices. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1881. [PMID: 38997993 PMCID: PMC11240459 DOI: 10.3390/ani14131881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze suitable genetic models and selection indices to estimate the genetic parameters and breeding values of native Thai roosters. A total of 3475 records of seven semen traits (mass movement, semen pH, semen color, volume, sperm viability, sperm abnormalities, and sperm concentration) from 242 Thai native grandparent roosters were analyzed. Multiple-trait random regression test-day models with five covariance functions were used to analyze the variance components, genetic parameters, and breeding values. The selection index (SI) was calculated to determine the optimal genetic value for different selection percentages. The results showed that a multiple-trait random regression test-day model with a second-order Legendre polynomial function was the most appropriate genetic model for this population. The estimated heritability values were low to moderate, ranging from 0.110 to 0.112 (mass movement), 0.040 to 0.051 (semen pH), 0.092 to 0.097 (semen color), 0.220 to 0.225 (semen volume), 0.067 to 0.083 (sperm viability), 0.086 to 0.099 (sperm abnormalities), and 0.134 to 0.138 (sperm concentration). The repeatability values exceeded the heritability values and were within the range of 0.133 to 0.688. The genetic correlations among semen traits ranged from -0.332 to 0.677, and phenotypic correlations ranged from -0.260 to 0.460. When considering heritability and genetic correlation values, semen volume, sperm concentration, and mass movement were the top three priority semen traits calculated as selection indices. Finally, the top 10% of the selection index was recommended for creating the next generation. Our findings provide useful information on genetic parameters and an appropriate selection index of semen traits for selecting the genetics of individual Thai native grandparent roosters. The heritability estimates for semen traits reported here suggest an adequate response to selection through a genetic evaluation approach. Our results indicate that it is possible to select grandparent roosters with better reproductive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iin Mulyawati Daryatmo
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kean University, Khon Kean 40002, Thailand; (I.M.D.); (J.J.); (V.C.)
| | - Jiraporn Juiputta
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kean University, Khon Kean 40002, Thailand; (I.M.D.); (J.J.); (V.C.)
| | - Vibuntita Chankitisakul
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kean University, Khon Kean 40002, Thailand; (I.M.D.); (J.J.); (V.C.)
- Network Center for Animal Breeding and Omics Research, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Wuttigrai Boonkum
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kean University, Khon Kean 40002, Thailand; (I.M.D.); (J.J.); (V.C.)
- Network Center for Animal Breeding and Omics Research, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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Doley PJ, Sarma K, Kalita PC, Talukdar M, Kalita A, Sarkar R, Choudhary P. Light microscopic morphology of blood cells of non-descript indigenous Zoar chicken of Mizoram, India. Anat Histol Embryol 2024; 53:e13054. [PMID: 38735037 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.13054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Identifying and analysing distinct blood cells is crucial for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases in the field of biomedicine. The present study was undertaken to study the cytomorphological and cytochemical characteristics of the blood cells of Zoar, a non-descript indigenous breed of chicken extensively reared under backyard poultry farming in Mizoram, India. For this study, 2 mL of blood samples were aseptically collected from the wings veins of 12 chickens and were processed for light microscopic study under standard protocols. The matured erythrocytes were elliptical, while the immature erythrocytes appeared oval. The heterophils were positive for SBB (SBB), Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS), acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and Arylsulphatase while the eosinophils were positive for SBB, PAS, alkaline phosphatase, cytochrome oxidase and peroxidase. The basophils of were positive for toluidine blue while the thrombocytes were positive for PAS. These cytochemical and cytoenzymatic staining properties plays a very important role in diagnosis, differentiation, and classification of leukaemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Probal Jyoti Doley
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University (I), Aizawl, India
| | - Kabita Sarma
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati, India
| | - Pranab Chandra Kalita
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University (I), Aizawl, India
| | - Manmath Talukdar
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati, India
| | - Arup Kalita
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University (I), Aizawl, India
| | - Rupan Sarkar
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University (I), Aizawl, India
| | - Priyanka Choudhary
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Rampura Phul, Bathinda, India
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Yussif I, Kugonza DR, Masembe C. Uganda chicken genetic resources: II. genetic diversity and population demographic history inferred from mitochondrial DNA D-loop sequences. Front Genet 2024; 15:1325569. [PMID: 38516375 PMCID: PMC10955702 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1325569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The genetic diversity of indigenous chickens, which comprise over 80% of the chicken resources in Uganda, is largely not well-characterized for their genetic contribution. This study assessed the genetic diversity and population structure of the indigenous chicken population in Uganda to serve as an essential component for improvement and conservation strategies. A set of 344 mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop sequences among 12 Ugandan chicken populations was evaluated. Twenty-eight polymorphic sites, accounting for 4.26% of the total analyzed loci of 658 bp, defined 32 haplotypes. The haplotype diversity (Hd) was 0.437, with a nucleotide diversity (π) of 0.0169, while the average number of nucleotide differences (k) was 0.576, indicating a population that is moderately genetically diverse. Analysis of molecular variance found 98.39% (ρ < 0.01) of the total sequence variation among the chicken haplotypes within populations, 1.08% (ρ < 0.05) among populations, and 0.75% (ρ > 0.05) among populations within regions. This revealed subtle genetic differentiation among the populations, which appeared to be influenced by population fragmentation, probably due to neutral mutation, random genetic drift, and/or balancing selection. All the haplotypes showed affinity exclusively to the haplogroup-E mtDNA phylogeny, with haplotype UGA01 signaling an ancestral haplotype in Uganda. Neutrality tests Tajima's D (-2.320) and Fu's Fs (-51.369), augmented with mismatch distribution to measure signatures of recent historical demographic events, supported a population expansion across the chicken populations. The results show one matrilineal ancestry of Ugandan chickens from a lineage widespread throughout the world that began in the Indian subcontinent. The lack of phylogeographic signals is consistent with recent expansion events with extensive within-country genetic intermixing among haplotypes. Thus, the findings in this study hold the potential to guide conservation strategies and breeding programs in Uganda, given that higher genetic diversity comes from within the chicken population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Illyass Yussif
- College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Donald Rugira Kugonza
- College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Charles Masembe
- College of Natural Resources, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
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Mohammed BT. Identification and bioinformatic analysis of invA gene of Salmonella in free range chicken. BRAZ J BIOL 2024; 84:e263363. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.263363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Salmonella is a serious cause of the health issues in human and animal worldwide. Salmonella has been isolated from different biological samples and it considers as the key role in induction of inflammation of gastrointestinal tract which in turn cause diarrhoea in different species. To further understand the involvement of Salmonella in contaminating and infecting fresh eggs and meat of free-range chicken. This study aimed to establish the microbiological and molecular detections of Salmonella in the cloaca of the free-range chicken and to identify predicted biological functions using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genomic (KEGG) pathways and protein-protein interaction. Cloacal swabs were collected from free range chicken raised in the local farm in Duhok city. The isolates were cultured and biochemical test performed using XLD and TSI, respectively. Molecular detection and functional annotation of invA gene was carried out using Conventional PCR and bioinformatics approaches. The present study found that Salmonella was detected in 36 out of 86 samples using microbiological methods. To confirm these findings, invA gene was utilised and 9 out of 36 Salmonella isolates have shown a positive signal of invA by agarose gel. In addition, bioinformatic analysis revealed that invA gene was mainly associated with bacterial secretion processes as well as their KEGG terms and Protein-Protein Interaction were involved in bacterial invasion and secretion pathways. These findings suggested that invA gene plays important role in regulating colonization and invasion processes of Salmonella within the gut host in the free range chicken.
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Boonkum W, Chankitisakul V, Kananit S, Kenchaiwong W. Heat stress effects on the genetics of growth traits in Thai native chickens (Pradu Hang dum). Anim Biosci 2024; 37:16-27. [PMID: 37641833 PMCID: PMC10766458 DOI: 10.5713/ab.23.0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of heat stress on the growth traits and genetic parameters of Thai native chickens. METHODS A total of 16,487 records for growth traits of Thai native chickens between 2017 and 2022 were used in this study. Data included the body weight at birth, body weight at 4, 8, and 12 weeks of age (BW0, BW4, BW8, BW12), average daily gain during 0 to 4, 4 to 8, and 8 to 12 weeks of age (ADG0-4, ADG4-8, ADG8-12), absolute growth rate at birth, at 4, 8, and 12 weeks of age (AGR0, AGR4, AGR8, AGR12). The repeatability test day model used the reaction-norm procedure to analyze the threshold point of heat stress, rate of decline of growth traits, and genetic parameters. RESULTS At temperature and humidity index (THI) of 76, Thai native chickens began to lose their growth traits, which was the onset of heat stress in this study. The estimated heritability, genetic correlation between animal and heat stress effect, and correlations between the intercept and slope of the permanent environmental effects were 0.27, -0.85, and -0.83 for BW, 0.17, -0.81, and -0.95 for ADG, 0.25, -0.61, and -0.83 for AGR, respectively. Male chickens are more affected by heat stress than female chickens with a greater reduction of BW, ADG, and AGR, values equal to -9.30, -0.23, -15.21 (in males) and -6.04, -0.21, -10.10 (in females) gram per 1 level increase of THI from the THI of 76. CONCLUSION The influence of thermal stress had a strong effect on the decline in growth traits and genetic parameters in Thai native chickens. This study indicated that genetic models used in conjunction with THI data are an effective method for the analysis and assessment of the effects of heat stress on the growth traits and genetics of native chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuttigrai Boonkum
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002,
Thailand
- Network Center for Animal Breeding and Omics Research, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002,
Thailand
| | - Vibuntita Chankitisakul
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002,
Thailand
- Network Center for Animal Breeding and Omics Research, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002,
Thailand
| | - Srinuan Kananit
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002,
Thailand
- Network Center for Animal Breeding and Omics Research, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002,
Thailand
| | - Wootichai Kenchaiwong
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002,
Thailand
- Small Ruminant Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham 44000,
Thailand
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Mariandayani HN, Darwati S, Khaerunnisa I, Prasasty VD. Growth performance of Indonesian three-breed cross chicken associated with growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 2 genes. Vet World 2023; 16:2471-2478. [PMID: 38328357 PMCID: PMC10844795 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.2471-2478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Poultry, such as chickens, is an important source of animal protein, producing eggs and meat. Local chickens are able to adapt to the hot weather and become more resistant to disease. However, it has relatively slow growth and low egg production. These problems can be overcome through holding selection and crossing. Local chicken productivity is slow and low based on chicken growth. There is a need to examine the factors that influence growth and productivity. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate crossbreed chicken growth performance, including body weight (BW), BW gain, feed intake, and feed conversion. Materials and Methods DNA was extracted from 40 chickens with the growth hormone (GH) gene and 40 chickens with the insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) gene, followed by a polymerase chain reaction. Genotyping was performed using restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. In animal selection and phenotypic data collection, 80 chickens from Sentul, Kampung, and Kedu were used to produce the second-generation three-crossbreed chickens (F2) using the GH gene. Results Growth hormone is a very relevant gene in chicken performance traits. Growth hormone and IGF2 genes regulate chicken production. This study presents the second-generation growth features of three-crossbreed chickens derived from Sentul, Kampung, and Kedu, all of which are native to Indonesia (F2). A statistically significant (p = 0.05) improvement in BW, weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion over a 12-week period was observed when the animals were allowed free access to regular feed. Analysis of variance results indicated a significant (p = 0.0001) interaction between the 12-week period and GH and IGF2 gene sensitivities of different chicken breeds. Conclusion Crossbreed chicken growth performance increased within 12 weeks. This study highlighted the need to improve the productivity and breeding of domestic crossbred chickens to contribute to the Indonesian conservation and genetic diversity program.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sri Darwati
- Department of Animal Production and Technology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, West Java 16680, Indonesia
| | - Isyana Khaerunnisa
- Research Center for Applied Zoology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, West Java 16912, Indonesia
| | - Vivitri Dewi Prasasty
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
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Maina JN. A critical assessment of the cellular defences of the avian respiratory system: are birds in general and poultry in particular relatively more susceptible to pulmonary infections/afflictions? Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:2152-2187. [PMID: 37489059 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
In commercial poultry farming, respiratory diseases cause high morbidities and mortalities, begetting colossal economic losses. Without empirical evidence, early observations led to the supposition that birds in general, and poultry in particular, have weak innate and adaptive pulmonary defences and are therefore highly susceptible to injury by pathogens. Recent findings have, however, shown that birds possess notably efficient pulmonary defences that include: (i) a structurally complex three-tiered airway arrangement with aerodynamically intricate air-flow dynamics that provide efficient filtration of inhaled air; (ii) a specialised airway mucosal lining that comprises air-filtering (ciliated) cells and various resident phagocytic cells such as surface and tissue macrophages, dendritic cells and lymphocytes; (iii) an exceptionally efficient mucociliary escalator system that efficiently removes trapped foreign agents; (iv) phagocytotic atrial and infundibular epithelial cells; (v) phagocytically competent surface macrophages that destroy pathogens and injurious particulates; (vi) pulmonary intravascular macrophages that protect the lung from the vascular side; and (vii) proficiently phagocytic pulmonary extravasated erythrocytes. Additionally, the avian respiratory system rapidly translocates phagocytic cells onto the respiratory surface, ostensibly from the subepithelial space and the circulatory system: the mobilised cells complement the surface macrophages in destroying foreign agents. Further studies are needed to determine whether the posited weak defence of the avian respiratory system is a global avian feature or is exclusive to poultry. This review argues that any inadequacies of pulmonary defences in poultry may have derived from exacting genetic manipulation(s) for traits such as rapid weight gain from efficient conversion of food into meat and eggs and the harsh environmental conditions and severe husbandry operations in modern poultry farming. To reduce pulmonary diseases and their severity, greater effort must be directed at establishment of optimal poultry housing conditions and use of more humane husbandry practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- John N Maina
- Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park Campus, Kingsway Avenue, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa
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Portillo-Salgado R, Herrera-Haro J, Bautista-Ortega J, Ramírez-Bribiesca J, Flota-Bañuelos C, Chay-Canul A, Cigarroa-Vázquez F. Carcass composition and physicochemical and sensory attributes of breast and leg meat from native Mexican guajolote ( Meleagris g. gallopavo) as influenced by sex. Arch Anim Breed 2023; 66:341-355. [PMID: 38111389 PMCID: PMC10726020 DOI: 10.5194/aab-66-341-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to compare carcass composition and physicochemical and sensory attributes of breast and leg meat from native Mexican guajolote (Meleagris g. gallopavo) as influenced by sex. For this, slaughter weight and carcass characteristics of male (n = 8 ) and female (n = 8 ) guajolotes raised traditionally under extensive systems with similar housing and feeding conditions were recorded. Also, physical characteristics, proximate composition, the fatty acid profile, and sensory attributes were determined in breast and leg meat using standard procedures. The results showed that males had higher (P < 0.001 ) slaughter weight, hot and cold carcass weights, and dressing percentage, as well as carcass part weights, while females had higher (P < 0.001 ) abdominal fat weights than males. The lightness (L * ), yellowness (b * ), and drip loss values of breast meat, as well as redness (a * ) and water-holding capacity values of leg meat, were significantly (P < 0.05 ) influenced by sex. Male breast meat had higher (P < 0.05 ) moisture content, crude protein, erucic acid (C22:1n9), ∑ MUFAs (total monounsaturated fatty acids), ∑ UFAs (unsaturated fatty acids), ∑ DFAs (desirable fatty acids), ∑ UFA / ∑ SFA (total saturated fatty acid) ratio, ∑ PUFA (total polyunsaturated fatty acid) / ∑ SFA ratio, and chewiness scores than females. Likewise, leg meat from males showed higher (P < 0.05 ) ash content, myristic acid (C14:0), palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1n9c), palmitoleic acid (C16:1n7), ∑ SFAs, ∑ OFAs (odd fatty acids), thrombogenic index, and atherogenic index, whereas females had high fat content. In conclusion, it would be suggested that, from a nutritional point of view, the meat from male guajolotes was preferable to the meat from females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Portillo-Salgado
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Calkiní, 24206 Calkiní, Campeche, Mexico
- Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, 56230 Montecillo, Estado de México, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | - Alfonso Juventino Chay-Canul
- División Académica de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, 86280 Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico
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Lasters R, Van Sundert K, Groffen T, Buytaert J, Eens M, Bervoets L. Prediction of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in homegrown eggs: Insights into abiotic and biotic factors affecting bioavailability and derivation of potential remediation measures. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 181:108300. [PMID: 37926061 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Homegrown eggs from free-ranging laying hens often contain elevated concentrations of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs). However, it is unclear which factors contribute to these relatively large exposure risk scenarios. Moreover, existing bioavailability and modeling concepts of conventional organic pollutants cannot be generalized to PFAAs due to their different physicochemical soil interactions. Therefore, there is an urgent need for empirical models, based on real-world data, to provide insights into how (a)biotic factors affect the bioavailability to eggs. To this end, 17 targeted analytes were analyzed in abiotic (i.e. rainwater, soil; both N = 101) matrices and homegrown eggs (N = 101), which were sampled in 101 private gardens across Flanders (Belgium) in 2019, 2021 and 2022. Various soil characteristics were measured to evaluate their role in affecting PFAA bioavailability to the eggs. Finally, PFAAs were measured in potential feed sources (i.e. homegrown vegetable and earthworm pools; respectively N = 49 and N = 34) of the laying hens to evaluate their contribution to the egg burden. Modeling suggested that soil was a major exposure source to laying hens, accounting for 16-55% of the total variation in egg concentrations for dominant PFAAs. Moreover, concentrations in vegetables and earthworms for PFBA and PFOS, respectively, were significantly positively related with corresponding egg concentrations. Predictive models based on soil concentrations, total organic carbon (TOC), pH, clay content and exchangeable cations were successfully developed for major PFAAs, providing possibilities for time- and cost-effective risk assessment of PFAAs in homegrown eggs. Among other soil characteristics, TOC and clay content were related with lower and higher egg concentrations for most PFAAs, respectively. This suggests that bioavailability of PFAAs to the eggs is driven by complex physicochemical interactions of PFAAs with TOC and clay. Finally, remediation measures were formulated that are readily applicable to lower PFAA exposure via homegrown eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Lasters
- ECOSPHERE, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Kevin Van Sundert
- Research group of Plants and Ecosystems, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; Climate and Ecology Lab, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 15 Vassar St, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Biobased Sustainability Solutions research group, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Thimo Groffen
- ECOSPHERE, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Jodie Buytaert
- ECOSPHERE, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Marcel Eens
- Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Lieven Bervoets
- ECOSPHERE, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
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Ediriweera MK. The Histone Deacetylase Inhibitory Potential of Chicken Egg Yolk Fat and Their Fatty Acid Composition. SCIENTIFICA 2023; 2023:6360487. [PMID: 37885471 PMCID: PMC10599844 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6360487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylation is a key biochemical event associated with transcriptional regulation. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) mediate the deacetylation of histones. Fatty acids have been reported to function as histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi). The present instigation reports the HDAC inhibitory activity of egg yolks and egg yolk-derived fat of country and farm chicken for the first time. Egg yolks and fatty acids derived from both country (CCEF) and farm chicken (FCEF) demonstrated significant HDAC enzyme activity inhibition. Furthermore, egg yolks, CCEF, and FCEF exhibited DPPH free radical scavenging effects. The analysis of fatty acid profiles revealed varying degrees of saturated, mono-, and polyunsaturated fatty acids in the egg yolks. Palmitic acid (C16 : 0) was found to be the most abundant saturated fatty acid in both CCEF and FCEF. Among the monounsaturated fatty acids, oleic acid (C18 : 1) was the most abundant in both CCEF and FCEF. In terms of polyunsaturated fatty acids, a significant difference was observed in the content of linoleic acid (C18 : 2), an omega-6 fatty acid, and docosahexaenoic acid (C22 : 6), an omega-3 fatty acid, between CCEF and FCEF. These findings present exciting prospects for the development of histone deacetylase inhibitors based on egg yolk fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meran Keshawa Ediriweera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo 08, Sri Lanka
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12
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Singh M, Patton RN, Mollier RT, Pongener N, Yadav R, Singh V, Katiyar R, Singh GD, Deori S, Doley S, Chaudhary JK, Babu S, Kalita H, Mishra VK. Indigenous chicken production system in different agro-ecology of Indian Himalayan Region: implication on food and economic security. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1244413. [PMID: 37743914 PMCID: PMC10512463 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1244413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The indigenous chicken production system (ICPS) has several use values and ecosystem services. In the last few years, ICPS has been recognized for its possible contribution to household food security, income generation, wildlife protection, and bettering the women's lives. This study aimed to collect, for the first time, comprehensive information about ICPS in three different agro-ecologies (tropical, sub-tropical, and sub-temperate) of the Indian Himalayan Region (IHR) and its role in food and economic security of traditional communities. In this study region, ICPS is semi-extensive, providing homegrown feed and temporary night shelter. In sub-temperate agro-ecology, females owned non-significant (p = 0.170) more indigenous chicken flocks than males. Households in sub-temperate agro-ecologies had significantly (p ≤ 0.001) larger flock sizes and tropical livestock units (chicken-TLU). However, the livestock diversity index (LDI) was significantly higher (p ≤ 0.001) in tropical and subtropical agro-ecology. The households in the sub-temperate region highly (p ≤ 0.001) valued indigenous chicken because of its survivability and adaptability. In absolute numbers significant (p ≤ 0.001) higher numbers of adult birds died in past 1 year in sub-temperate agro-ecology. The mortality rate of adult birds in sub-temperate agro-ecology was 9%, and it was 14 and 15% in tropical and sub-tropical agro-ecologies, respectively. In sub-temperate agro-ecology, larger flock size translated into significantly higher (p ≤ 0.001) egg production and subsequently a significant (p ≤ 0.001) higher egg consumption per household per month. In sub-temperate agro-ecology, households' dietary diversity score was significantly (p ≤ 0.001) higher. Similarly, the average annual income from ICPS was significantly higher (p ≤ 0.001) in sub-temperate agro-ecology and accounted for 18% of household income. ICPS' marketing chain was relatively short in the sub-temperate region. In all agro-ecologies, indigenous chicken and egg demand was significantly higher (p ≤ 0.001) in the winter. ICPS litter is used as farmyard manure, enhancing ecological resilience. In all agro-ecologies, the three most frequently cited obstacles to extending the indigenous chicken production system are illnesses, predators, and a lack of chicks availability. ICPS contributes to food and nutritional security, economic stability, and ecological resilience in this hilly and fragile ecosystem. Even though the system is self-sustaining, management and health interventions can increase production and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahak Singh
- Animal Reproduction and Gynaecology, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Nagaland Centre, Medziphema, Nagaland, India
| | - R. N. Patton
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Nagaland Centre, Medziphema, Nagaland, India
| | - R. T. Mollier
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Nagaland Centre, Medziphema, Nagaland, India
| | - N. Pongener
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Nagaland Centre, Medziphema, Nagaland, India
| | - Rekha Yadav
- Department of Agronomy, School of Agricultural Sciences and Rural Development, Nagaland University, Medziphema, Nagaland, India
| | - Vinay Singh
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India
| | - Rahul Katiyar
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India
| | - G. D. Singh
- Bihar Veterinary College, Bihar Animal University, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Sourabh Deori
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India
| | - Sunil Doley
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India
| | - J. K. Chaudhary
- College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
| | - Subhash Babu
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - H. Kalita
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Nagaland Centre, Medziphema, Nagaland, India
| | - V. K. Mishra
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India
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13
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Kanakachari M, Chatterjee RN, Reddy MR, Dange M, Bhattacharya TK. Indian Red Jungle fowl reveals a genetic relationship with South East Asian Red Jungle fowl and Indian native chicken breeds as evidenced through whole mitochondrial genome sequences. Front Genet 2023; 14:1083976. [PMID: 37621706 PMCID: PMC10445952 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1083976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Native chickens are dispersed in a wide geographical range and have hereditary assets that are kept by farmers for various purposes. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a widely utilized marker in molecular studies because of its quick advancement, matrilineal legacy, and simple molecular structure. Method and Results: We performed NGS sequencing to investigate mitochondrial genomes and to evaluate the hereditary connections, diversity, and measure of gene stream estimation in Indian native chicken breeds and Red Jungle fowl. The chicken breeds were genotyped using the D-loop region and 23 haplotypes were identified. When compared to Indian native breeds, more haplotypes were identified in the NADH dehydrogenase subunits, Cytochrome c oxidase, Cytochrome b, ATP synthase subunit 6, and Ribosomal RNA genes. The phylogenetic examination indicated that the analyzed chicken breeds were divided into six significant clades, namely A, B, C, D, E, and F, of which the F clade indicated the domestication of chicken breeds in India. Additionally, our work affirmed that the Indian Red Jungle Fowl is the origin for both reference Red Jungle Fowl as well as all Indian breeds, which is reflected in the dendrogram as well as network analysis based on the whole mtDNA and D-loop region. Indian Red Jungle Fowl is distributed as an outgroup, suggesting that this ancestry was reciprocally monophyletic. Conclusion: The mtDNA sequences of Indian native chickens provided novel insights into adaptation mechanisms and the significance of important mtDNA variations in understanding the maternal lineages of native birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Kanakachari
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Hyderabad, India
- EVA.4 Unit, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | | | - M. R. Reddy
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - M. Dange
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Hyderabad, India
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14
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Fiorilla E, Birolo M, Ala U, Xiccato G, Trocino A, Schiavone A, Mugnai C. Productive Performances of Slow-Growing Chicken Breeds and Their Crosses with a Commercial Strain in Conventional and Free-Range Farming Systems. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2540. [PMID: 37570348 PMCID: PMC10417706 DOI: 10.3390/ani13152540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Local chicken breeds play a vital role in promoting sustainability by preserving genetic diversity, enhancing resilience, and supporting local economies. These breeds are adapted to local climates and conditions, requiring fewer external resources and inputs for their maintenance. By conserving and utilizing local chicken breeds, sustainable farming practices can be incentivized, maintaining ecosystem balance and ensuring food security for future generations. The present study aimed at evaluating the growth performance and slaughter traits of two local Italian chicken breeds (Bionda Piemontese and Robusta Maculata) and their crosses with a medium-growth genotype (Sasso chicken®) reared in conventional and free-range farming systems. The conventional system used a high-energy high-protein diet in a closed barn with controlled temperature, humidity, and lighting, and a stocking density of 33 kg/m2. The free-range system used a low-input diet (low-energy low-protein diet composed of local and GMO-free feed ingredients), uncontrolled environmental conditions, and a stocking density of 21 kg/m2 in a barn with free access to an outdoor area. The birds were slaughtered at 84 days of age in both systems. The crossbred chickens showed the best results for growth performance in both farming systems compared to local breeds. Within genotype, the final live weight of chickens was similar in the two farming systems. In conclusion, slow-growth crossbreeds should be used in alternative farming systems, demonstrating better performance than pure local breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Fiorilla
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (U.A.); (A.S.); (C.M.)
| | - Marco Birolo
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università, 16, 35020 Padova, Italy; (M.B.); (G.X.); (A.T.)
| | - Ugo Ala
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (U.A.); (A.S.); (C.M.)
| | - Gerolamo Xiccato
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università, 16, 35020 Padova, Italy; (M.B.); (G.X.); (A.T.)
| | - Angela Trocino
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università, 16, 35020 Padova, Italy; (M.B.); (G.X.); (A.T.)
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università, 16, 35020 Padova, Italy
| | - Achille Schiavone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (U.A.); (A.S.); (C.M.)
| | - Cecilia Mugnai
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (U.A.); (A.S.); (C.M.)
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15
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Sharma R, Sehrawat R, Ahlawat S, Sharma V, Thakur MS, Mishra AK, Arora R, Tantia MS. Functional Quality Characteristics of the Meat from a Dual-Purpose Poultry Crossbreed Suitable for Backyard Rearing in Comparison to Commercial Broilers. Foods 2023; 12:2434. [PMID: 37444172 DOI: 10.3390/foods12132434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Backyard poultry farming contributes to food security, nutrition, and the regular income of rural farmers in India. Their products have a niche market here and fetch higher prices than those of commercial poultry. Improved varieties are being developed to overcome the slow growth, late sexual maturity, and low production of indigenous breeds, while retaining their positive attributes. A comprehensive study was conducted to analyze the functional attributes of meat from the Jabalpur color (JBC), a colored, improved dual-purpose synthetic line, developed by Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur, India. The birds were managed in a deep litter system under a backyard type of housing (night shelter and free range). Primal meat cuts (breast and thigh) of the male birds (n = 20/group) were evaluated at the age of marketing. The corresponding attributes were compared with the results obtained for commercial Cobb (400) broilers. The protein concentration of JBC breast (25.65 ± 0.39 g/100 g of tissue) and thigh (19.04 ± 0.23 g/100 g of tissue) meat was superior (p ≤ 0.05) to that of Cobb broilers. Established assays (in vitro) identified a better (p ≤ 0.05) antioxidation capacity in the JBC meat. High-performance liquid chromatography confirmed a considerable quantity of functional biomolecules (carnosine, anserine, and creatine) in the JBC breast and thigh meat extracts. The average carnosine concentration (mg/g of tissue) was 2.66 ± 0.09 and 1.11 ± 0.04 in the JBC breast and thigh meat, respectively. The mRNA expression was quantified by qRT-PCR for the carnosine-related genes: β-alanine transporter (SLC36A1), carnosine-synthesizing enzyme (CARNS1), and carnosine-degrading enzyme (CNDP2); this explained the comparable carnosine in the JBC and Cobb meat. Meat extracts from both genetic groups (JBC and Cobb) had high anti-glycation potential. Higher protein content and antioxidant capacity, along with the bioactive dipeptides in the JBC meat, herald exciting research opportunities for its use in improving the traditional backyard poultry farming system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Sharma
- ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal 132 001, India
| | - Renuka Sehrawat
- ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal 132 001, India
| | - Sonika Ahlawat
- ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal 132 001, India
| | - Vivek Sharma
- ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132 001, India
| | - Mohan Singh Thakur
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur 482 001, India
| | - A K Mishra
- ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal 132 001, India
| | - Reena Arora
- ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal 132 001, India
| | - M S Tantia
- ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal 132 001, India
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16
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Calik J, Obrzut J. Influence of Genotype on Productivity and Egg Quality of Three Hen Strains Included in a Biodiversity Program. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1848. [PMID: 37889805 PMCID: PMC10251836 DOI: 10.3390/ani13111848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of genotype on the productivity and egg quality of three hen strains included in the genetic resource protection program in Poland. The study encompassed populations of laying hens, i.e., Rhode Island Red/RIR (R-11 and K-22) and Rhode Island White (A-33). The analysis over five generations included the basic production traits, i.e., the weight of the birds at 20 weeks (g), egg weights at 33 and 53 weeks, sexual maturity, the number of eggs laid up to 56 weeks of age, and hatchability parameters. In addition, the effective population size (Ne) and flock homozygosity coefficient (Fx) were calculated for each breed. Population health during the rearing and production periods was also recorded. The study also determined egg content and shell quality traits in relation to the age of the hens. The birds were kept on litter at a stocking rate of 5 hens/m2 and fed ad libitum with a standard feed mixture for hens. Based on the results, it was concluded that the evaluated hen populations (R-11, K-22, and A-33) are valuable strains, representing a reservoir of unique phenotypic and egg quality traits. It was shown that the random mating system used in the reproduction of flocks effectively protects the populations from an increase in the degree of inbreeding. An influence of hens' origin (genotype) and age on the performance results, as well as egg quality traits, was found. Over five generations, the evaluated hen strains were characterized by high survival rates (above 98%). The study also found a large variation between the R-11 and K-22 strains and the A-33 strain in terms of the evaluated performance traits, especially in the body and egg weights, sexual maturity age, and laying performance of hens. The earliest to start laying were hens from the K-22 strains, which also showed significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher laying performances compared to R-11 hens. The results also indicate that the quality of eggs from hens of the compared strains varied. This was particularly true for such traits as shell color; egg, shell, and yolk weight; and shell quality. It was also shown that many egg and shell quality traits change with the age of the hens. The analysis of the obtained data indicates that the adopted methods of conservative breeding for these populations have influenced the success of the conservation program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Calik
- Department of Poultry Breeding, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska Street 1, 32-083 Krakow, Poland;
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Mancinelli AC, Menchetti L, Birolo M, Bittante G, Chiattelli D, Castellini C. Crossbreeding to improve local chicken breeds: predicting growth performance of the crosses using the Gompertz model and estimated heterosis. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102783. [PMID: 37269793 PMCID: PMC10242636 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to validate the Gompertz model to predict the growth performance of chicken crosses according to growth curve parameters of the parental lines and the estimated heterosis for each curve parameter. A total of 252 one-day-old chicks of both sexes belonging to 6 genotypes, including Ross 308, Sassò (SA), Bionda Piemontese (BP), and Robusta Maculata (RM), and the crosses between these local breeds and SA (BP × SA and RM × SA) were randomly allocated in 18 pens (3 pens/genotype) in mixed-sex groups (14 animals/pen; 7 females and 7 males). The individual body weight (BW) of all birds was recorded once a week from hatching until slaughtering (81 d for Ross 308; 112 d for SA, 140 d for the other genotypes). We drew up our final dataset with 240 birds (40 birds/genotype; 20 females and 20 males). The growth curve of each genotype was described using the Gompertz model, and the heterosis for each growth curve parameter was calculated as the difference between F1 crosses and the average of parental breeds. The predicted growth curve parameters were evaluated by cross-validation. The Gompertz model accurately estimated the growth curves of all the genotypes (R2 > 0.90). Heterosis was significant for almost all growth curve parameters in both crosses (P < 0.05). Heterosis ranged from -13.0 to +11.5%, depending on parameters, but varied slightly between the crossbreeds (BP × SA and RM × SA). The predicted values of adult BW, weight at the inflection point, and maximum growth rate were overestimated for BP × SA and underestimated for RM × SA, with a mean error between observed and predicted values <│2.7│% for all the curve parameters. In conclusion, the growth performance of chicken crosses between local breeds and commercial strains can be accurately predicted with Gompertz parameters of the parental lines adjusting for heterosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Cartoni Mancinelli
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Science, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Laura Menchetti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, Macerata, Italy
| | - Marco Birolo
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animal and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Bittante
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animal and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Diletta Chiattelli
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Science, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Cesare Castellini
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Science, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy
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18
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Sadr AS, Nassiri M, Ghaderi-Zefrehei M, Heidari M, Smith J, Muhaghegh Dolatabady M. RNA-Seq Profiling between Commercial and Indigenous Iranian Chickens Highlights Differences in Innate Immune Gene Expression. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14040793. [PMID: 37107551 PMCID: PMC10138050 DOI: 10.3390/genes14040793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to examine transcriptomic-based profiling of differentially expressed innate immune genes between indigenous and commercial chickens. In order to compare the transcriptome profiles of the different chicken breeds, we extracted RNA from blood samples of the Isfahan indigenous chicken (as indigenous) and Ross broiler chicken (as commercial) breeds. RNA-Seq yielded totals of 36,763,939 and 31,545,002 reads for the indigenous and commercial breeds, respectively, with clean reads then aligned to the chicken reference genome (Galgal5). Overall, 1327 genes were significantly differentially expressed, of which 1013 genes were upregulated in the commercial versus the indigenous breed, while 314 were more highly expressed in the indigenous birds. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that the SPARC, ATP6V0D2, IL4I1, SMPDL3A, ADAM7, TMCC3, ULK2, MYO6, THG1L and IRG1 genes were the most significantly expressed genes in the commercial birds and the PAPPA, DUSP1, PSMD12, LHX8, IL8, TRPM2, GDAP1L1, FAM161A, ABCC2 and ASAH2 genes were the most significant in the indigenous chickens. Of notable finding in this study was that the high-level gene expressions of heat-shock proteins (HSPs) in the indigenous breeds could serve as a guideline for future genetic improvement. This study identified genes with breed-specific expression, and comparative transcriptome analysis helped understanding of the differences in underlying genetic mechanisms between commercial and local breeds. Therefore, the current results can be used to identify candidate genes for further breed improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayeh Sadat Sadr
- South of Iran Aquaculture Research Institute, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute (IFSRI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Ahvaz 71867-37533, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Nassiri
- Recombinant Proteins Research Group, The Research Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 91779-48974, Iran
- Research Associate/Peptide Drug and Bioinformatics, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences Level 2, E26, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Mostafa Ghaderi-Zefrehei
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural Faculty, Yasouj University, Yasouj 75918-74934, Iran
- Correspondence: or (M.G.-Z.); (J.S.)
| | - Maryam Heidari
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 83111-84156, Iran
| | - Jacqueline Smith
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
- Correspondence: or (M.G.-Z.); (J.S.)
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19
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Doley PJ, Sarma K, Kalita PC, Goswami R, Kalita A, Sarkar R, Gollahalli Eregowda C, Roychoudhary P, Choudhary OP. Ultrastructural characteristics of the blood cells of chickens commonly reared under backyard poultry farming in Mizoram, India. Anat Histol Embryol 2023; 52:223-233. [PMID: 36263925 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to characterize the ultrastructural morphology of the blood cells of commonly reared chickens in the state of Mizoram, India under backyard poultry farming. For this study, 2 ml of whole blood was aseptically collected from the wings veins of 12 chickens of three different breeds namely the Zoar, Aseel and Rhode Island Red and processed for ultrastructural imaging under standard protocols. Under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) the matured erythrocytes of Zoar, Aseel and Rhode Island Red appeared elliptical in shape while the leukocytes and thrombocytes appeared round in shape with variable surface modifications. Under transmission electron microscopy (TEM) the granules of the heterophils of Zoar, Aseel and Rhode Island Red appeared predominantly fusiform in shape, the granules of the eosinophils appeared round in shape and that of the basophils appeared pleomorphic in shape. The cytoplasm of the monocytes, medium-to-large lymphocytes and thrombocytes of Zoar, Aseel and Rhode Island Red under TEM appeared to be vacuolated and granular while that of the small lymphocytes appeared to be granular but non-vacuolated. The study concluded that the ultrastructural characteristics of the blood cells of the three breeds of chicken studied were almost similar to the blood cells of other birds reported earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Probal Jyoti Doley
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University, Aizawl, India
| | - Kabita Sarma
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati, India
| | - Pranab Chandra Kalita
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University, Aizawl, India
| | - Ranjana Goswami
- Department of Livestock Production and Management, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University, Aizawl, India
| | - Arup Kalita
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University, Aizawl, India
| | - Rupan Sarkar
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University, Aizawl, India
| | - Chethan Gollahalli Eregowda
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University, Aizawl, India
| | - Parimal Roychoudhary
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University, Aizawl, India
| | - Om Prakash Choudhary
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University, Aizawl, India
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20
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Genetic and phenotypic parameter estimates for selection within Ugandan indigenous chickens. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:100. [PMID: 36840813 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03513-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
The high genetic variation within indigenous chickens (IC) which provides an opportunity to select superior stock for sustainable production and conservation is under-exploited. This study is aimed at estimating heritability and genetic and phenotypic correlation coefficients of productive and reproductive traits of Ugandan IC as a basis for selection. Data on traits were collected across two consecutive generations, weight (W) and shank length (SL) of chicks at hatching (HW) as well as at 2 (W2; SL2), 4 (W4; SL4), 6 (W6; SL6), 8 (W8; SL8), and 12 (W12; SL12) weeks of growth. Body weights at onset of lay (WFE) were also measured. In addition, egg number (EN-60), egg weight (EW), clutch number (CLN-60), and clutch size (CLS-60) over a period of 60 days were recorded. Genetic parameters were estimated using the univariate animal model analysis with restricted maximum likelihood procedure using the variability package of R, version 4.1.1. Heritability of traits ranged from 0.30 and 0.72 except SL4 (0.02), SL12 (0.14), and EN-60 (0.17). The traits EN-60 and W4 were negatively phenotypically correlated (- 0.49). Body weight at first egg was highly genetically correlated (0.99) with SL8. Egg number was significantly, negatively, and genetically correlated (- 0.96) with SL12. In conclusion, shank length is a potential phenotypic marker when selecting for live weight at onset of lay and egg yield. The shank length could, therefore, permit selection of superior chickens at an early age.
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Sakulthai A, Sawangrat C, Pichpol D, Kongkapan J, Srikanchai T, Charoensook R, Sojithamporn P, Boonyawan D. Improving the efficiency of crossbred Pradu Hang Dam chicken production for meat consumption using cold plasma technology on eggs. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2836. [PMID: 36801899 PMCID: PMC9938122 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29471-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The Pradu Hang Dam chicken, a Thai Native Chicken (TNCs) breed, plays an important role in many regions of Thailand because of its chewiness. However, there are some challenges with Thai Native Chicken, such as low production and slow growth rates. Therefore, this research investigates the efficiency of cold plasma technology in enhancing the production and growth rates of TNCs. First, this paper presents the embryonic development and hatch of fertile (HoF) values of treated fertilized eggs. Chicken performance indices, such as feed intake, average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and serum growth hormone measurement, were calculated to assess chicken development. Furthermore, the potential of cost reduction was evaluated by calculating return over feed cost (ROFC). Finally, the quality aspects of chicken breast meat, including color, pH value, weight loss, cooking loss, shear force, and texture profile analysis, were investigated to evaluate cold plasma technology's impact on chicken meat. The results demonstrated that the production rate of male Pradu Hang Dam chickens (53.20%) was higher than females (46.80%). Moreover, cold plasma technology did not significantly affect chicken meat quality. According to the average return over feed cost calculation, the livestock industry could reduce feeding costs by approximately 17.42% in male chickens. Therefore, cold plasma technology is beneficial to the poultry industry to improve production and growth rates and reduce costs while being safe and environmentally friendly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apichaya Sakulthai
- Department of Agro-Industry Technology Management, Panyapiwat Institute of Management, Nonthaburi, 11120 Thailand
| | - Choncharoen Sawangrat
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand. .,Agriculture and Bio Plasma Technology Center (ABPlas), Thai-Korean Research Collaboration Center (TKRCC), Science and Technology Park, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Duangporn Pichpol
- grid.7132.70000 0000 9039 7662Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Jutamart Kongkapan
- Department of Agro-Industry Technology Management, Panyapiwat Institute of Management, Nonthaburi, 11120 Thailand
| | - Tiranun Srikanchai
- Department of Agro-Industry Technology Management, Panyapiwat Institute of Management, Nonthaburi, 11120 Thailand
| | - Rangsun Charoensook
- grid.412029.c0000 0000 9211 2704Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture Natural Resources and Environment, Naresuan University, Phisanulok, 65000 Thailand
| | - Phanumas Sojithamporn
- grid.7132.70000 0000 9039 7662Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand ,grid.7132.70000 0000 9039 7662Agriculture and Bio Plasma Technology Center (ABPlas), Thai-Korean Research Collaboration Center (TKRCC), Science and Technology Park, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Dheerawan Boonyawan
- grid.7132.70000 0000 9039 7662Department of Physics and Materials Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
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Kumaravel V, Mohan B, Natarajan A, Murali N, Selvaraj P, Vasanthakumar P. Effect on growth performance, carcass traits, and myostatin gene expression in Aseel chicken fed varied levels of dietary protein in isocaloric energy diets. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:82. [PMID: 36795279 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03505-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
A study was conducted to assess the effect of feeding different crude protein (CP) levels with isocaloric metabolizable energy (ME) diets on growth performance, carcass traits, and myostatin (MSTN) gene expression of Aseel chicken during 0 to 16 weeks of age. A total of two hundred and ten day-old Aseel chickens were randomly allotted to seven dietary treatment groups. Each group had thirty chicks distributed into three replicates of ten chicks in each. Experimental diets were formulated to have varying levels of CP, viz. 18.5, 19.0, 19.5, 20.0, 20.5, 21.0, and 21.5%, with isocaloric energy of 2800 kcal ME/kg diets of mash feed fed to birds in a completely randomized design. Different CP levels had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on the body weight gain (BWG) of Aseel chicken. At the end of 16 weeks of age, the group fed 21% CP gained 223.53 g more than the lowest CP (18.5%)-fed group. The different CP levels did not significantly (P > 0.05) influenced the feed intake of all treatment groups, but numerically highest feed intake was observed in the lowest CP (18.5%)-fed group. However, significant differences in feed efficiency (FE) appeared from the 13th week only with the 21.0% CP-fed group showing the best FE until the 16th week (3.86 to 4.06). The maximum dressing % (70.61) was observed by the 21% CP-fed group. The CP 21% diet down-regulated the MSTN gene expression in breast muscle tissue to 0.07 folds when compared to the diet of CP 20%. The best economical coordinates for maximum performance for Aseel chicken appeared to be CP of 21% and ME of 2800 kcal/kg to achieve the best FE of 3.86 at the earliest age of 13 weeks. In conclusion, 21% CP in an isocaloric diet of 2800 kcal ME/kg, in Aseel chickens, would be optimum to improve the growth performance at maximum in terms of BWG and FE up to 16 weeks of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Kumaravel
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (TANUVAS), Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - B Mohan
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (TANUVAS), Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Natarajan
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (TANUVAS), Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Murali
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (TANUVAS), Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Selvaraj
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (TANUVAS), Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Vasanthakumar
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (TANUVAS), Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
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Mramba RP. The role of feeds in the transmission of chicken pathogens in Dodoma Urban District, Tanzania. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102558. [PMID: 36867920 PMCID: PMC10011518 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chicken production is an important economic activity in Tanzania. Indigenous chickens are kept in rural areas, while exotic breeds are kept in urban areas. Due to their high productivity, exotic breeds are becoming important sources of protein in fast-growing cities. Dodoma is one of the cities growing very fast in Tanzania. As a result, production of layers and broilers has increased dramatically. However, diseases remain the major challenge to chicken production despite the efforts of livestock officers to educate people on good management practices. This has made farmers think that feeds may be the source of pathogens. The study's objectives were thus to identify the major diseases affecting broiler and layer chickens in the Dodoma urban district, as well as the potential role of feeds in pathogen transmission to chickens. A household survey was conducted to identify common diseases affecting chickens in the study area. Thereafter, locally prepared feed samples were collected from twenty shops available in the district to determine the presence of Salmonella and Eimeria parasites. The presence of Eimeria parasites in the feeds was determined by raising day-old chicks in a sterile environment for 3 wk while feeding them the feed samples collected. Fecal samples from the chicks were analyzed for the presence of Eimeria parasites. Salmonella contamination of the feed samples was determined in the laboratory through the culture method. The study found that coccidiosis, Newcastle disease, fowl typhoid, infectious bursal disease, and colibacillosis are the main diseases affecting chickens in the district. After 3 wk of rearing, 3 out of 15 chicks developed coccidiosis. In addition, about 31.1% of the feed samples showed the presence of Salmonella spp. The prevalence of Salmonella was highest in limestone (53.3%), followed by fishmeal (26.7%), and maize bran (13.3%). It has been concluded that feeds are potential carriers of pathogens. To reduce economic losses and the continuous use of drugs in chicken production, health authorities should assess the microbial quality of poultry feeds.
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Loengbudnark W, Chankitisakul V, Boonkum W. The genetic impact of heat stress on the egg production of Thai native chickens (Pradu Hang dum). PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281328. [PMID: 36735733 PMCID: PMC9897533 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustainable poultry production in adverse weather conditions is a widely debated issue, which has led to research into the development of breeds of poultry that are genetically resistant to heat. This study aimed to investigate the effects of heat stress on the genetics of monthly egg production and examine the threshold point of heat stress for preventing thermal stress and its effects on chicken productivity. The data of 5,965 monthly egg production records of 629 Thai native Pradu Hang dum chickens were used for analysis in combination with the temperature-humidity index (THI) calculated by meteorological data near the testing station. The average THI throughout the year was 76.6, and the highest was 82. The THI data were subsequently used to find the threshold point of heat stress. The THI equation used in this study was chosen by its highest correlation (-0.306) between THI values and monthly egg production. At a THI of 74, the lowest -2 logL was found and was considered the threshold point of heat stress. This means that monthly egg production would start decreasing when the THI was 74. Heritability was 0.15±0.03, and genetic and permanent environmental correlations were -0.29 and -0.48, respectively. The threshold point was used to estimate the estimated breeding values (EBVs) of the monthly egg production and heat stress individually, and EBVs were calculated into the selection index. The selection index values when the animal was selected for the replacement herd for all chickens (top 50%, 30%, 20%, and 10%) were 0.14, 0.90, 1.27, 1.53, and 1.91, respectively, and the genetic progress was 0.55, 0.60, 0.68, 0.75, and 0.77, respectively. This shows that the selection index values are lower if there are many selected animals. The recommendation for animal genetic selection is that the top 10% is appropriately because it seems to be most preferred. Therefore, using a selection index for high egg production and heat tolerance in Thai native chickens is possible to achieve genetic assessment in a large population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wipas Loengbudnark
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Vibuntita Chankitisakul
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- The Research and Development Network Center of Animal Breeding and Omics, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Wuttigrai Boonkum
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- The Research and Development Network Center of Animal Breeding and Omics, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- * E-mail:
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25
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Sachdev M, Misra A. Heterogeneity of Dietary practices in India: current status and implications for the prevention and control of type 2 diabetes. Eur J Clin Nutr 2023; 77:145-155. [PMID: 35039630 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-021-01067-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diet is one of the important modifiable factors in prevention of type 2 diabetes (T2D), making it important to understand geographical variations of food consumption pattern, their similarities and differences across various regions. Asian Indian diet patterns are mostly carbohydrate-based and with vast regional diversity. Staple food, food groups consumed, meat consumption pattern, type of fermented foods, food preparations, type of cooking oil used and food ingredients vary with different regions of India. There has been a slow transition from consumption of coarse grains to refined grains owing to socio-economic, cultural and other factors. Consumption of fruits and vegetables, fats, ready-to-eat foods and sugar is higher in urban population whereas consumption of carbohydrates in the form of cereals and millets is higher among the rural population. Cereal grains followed by pulses and legumes are main sources of protein, given that the frequency of meat consumption is low even among non-vegetarians in India compared to other countries. Overall, there is a tendency towards consumption of calorie-dense foods at the cost of food diversity, which may also result in micronutrient deficiencies as well as development of T2D and related metabolic diseases. Public health strategies and policy level decisions involving stakeholders with diet and lifestyle modification as focal points are absolute priorities to prevent and manage the burden of obesity and T2D in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Sachdev
- Tamil Nadu Government Multi Super Specialty Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Anoop Misra
- Diabetes Foundation (India), Safdarjung Development Area, New Delhi, 110016, India. .,National Diabetes Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation (N-DOC), Safdarjung Development Area, New Delhi, 110016, India. .,Fortis C-DOC Center of Excellence for Diabetes, Metabolic Diseases, and Endocrinology, B-16, Chirag Enclave, New Delhi, India.
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Yussif I, Kugonza DR, Okot MW, Amuge PO, Costa R, Dos Anjos F. Uganda chicken genetic resources: I. phenotypic and production characteristics. Front Genet 2023; 13:1033031. [PMID: 36761692 PMCID: PMC9902952 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1033031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The extent of diversity in the indigenous chicken breeds of Uganda was assessed for their potential utilisation in breeding programmes. A total of 293 indigenous-chicken-keeping households in villages across 35 districts forming 12 sub-regions of the four regions were randomly sampled for 586 mature chickens of both sexes. While only 20.8% of households were headed by women, 40.6% of indigenous chicken keepers were women. The production objectives mainly focused on chickens as sources of income from sales and household food. The chickens were predominantly managed in a scavenging (94.2%) feeding system in a mainly (96.9%) mixed crop-livestock system. The average flock size was 19.80 ± 1.21 chickens with 3.83 ± 0.29 laying hens, each producing an average of 13.41 ± 0.20 eggs/clutch and 40.3 ± 0.6 eggs/annum of 5.20 ± 0.03-month egg production age. Normal-feather strains predominated (>90%), with scattered incidences of naked neck, frizzles, polydactyl, and ptilopody traits in both sexes. Dark (49.0% hen; 43.8% cock) and white (38.3% hen; 42.4% cock) skin colours were most common among the chickens compared to yellow skin. However, yellow-coloured shanks were proportionally the most observed (41% cock; 29% hen). Orange and brown iris (eye) colours were the most common in both sexes. The hens commonly had small round earlobes with varying colours, while cocks had large oval-shaped, mainly red (70%) earlobes. The single-comb type was dominant in both sexes, with wattles almost universally present. Frizzle and polydactyl allele frequencies were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than the expected Mendelian proportions, indicating a possible state of endangerment. Meanwhile, the estimated allele frequencies of ptilopody, tufted-crest, and rose comb alleles in the population were similar (p > 0.05) to the expected Mendelian frequencies. However, these strains did not show any significant (p > 0.05) influence on the body weight or the linear morphometric estimates except for being marginally higher than the normal strains. The phenotypic correlations of body weight and morphometric traits ranged from 0.457 to 0.668 and 0.292 to 0.454 in cocks and hens, respectively. These findings provide hints about the prospects for improved performance with modifications in the production environment. The wide phenotypic diversity would support management efforts for their sustainable utilisation and preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Illyass Yussif
- College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda,*Correspondence: Illyass Yussif,
| | - Donald Rugira Kugonza
- College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | | | | | - Filomena Dos Anjos
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
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Waweru KM, Omia DO, Kiganane L, Miroro O, Chemuliti J, Nyamongo IK, Bukachi SA. Socio-economic and structural barriers in Newcastle disease vaccines uptake by smallholder women farmers in Southeastern Kenya. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0283076. [PMID: 36928483 PMCID: PMC10019603 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The exploitation of the full benefits of chicken rearing by smallholder farmers in Sub-Saharan (SSA) Africa is often impeded by poultry diseases which is compounded by limited uptake of vaccination. We interrogate the structural and socioeconomic factors associated with vaccine uptake by women farmers in Southeastern Kenya. A mixed methods design with a convergent approach for comparison of quantitative and qualitative findings was adopted. This involved the administration of a cross section survey to 1274 households, conduct of 23 Focus Groups Discussions (FGDs) and 7 Key informant Interviews (KIIs). Chi Square and t-tests were used to identify factors associated with vaccine uptake. Logistics regression analysis was used to identify the influence of the structural and socioeconomic barriers to vaccine uptake. Findings indicate that having knowledge of Newcastle disease (ND) vaccine increases the likelihood of farmers vaccinating their chicken by up to 32.5 times (95% CI [8.46-124.53]) with a 1 unit increase in vaccine knowledge. A farmer's distance away from the nearest ND vaccine vendor was found to reduce the likelihood of farmers vaccinating their chicken by up to 4% (95% CI ([0.93-1.00]) for every 1-kilometre increase in distance away from the vaccine vendors. Farmers who considered vaccines to be effective in preventing ND were 39 times (95% CI [6.23-239.8]) more likely to use ND vaccines than those that did not consider ND vaccine to effective. We surmise that a comprehensive approach that addresses increased ND vaccine knowledge among smallholder women chicken farmers, proximity of ND vendors, as well as cost holds the potential for regular and increased ND vaccine uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kennedy M. Waweru
- School of Business and Economics, Cooperative University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
- * E-mail:
| | - Dalmas O. Omia
- Institute of Anthropology Gender and African Studies, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Lucy Kiganane
- School of Business and Economics, Cooperative University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Obadia Miroro
- School of Cooperatives and Community Development, Business and Economics, Cooperative University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Judith Chemuliti
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Kenya Agricultural Research and Livestock Organization, Kikuyu, Kenya
| | - Isaac K. Nyamongo
- Cooperative Development Research and Innovation Division, Cooperative University of Kenya Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Salome A. Bukachi
- Institute of Anthropology Gender and African Studies, Nairobi, Kenya
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Genetic Comparisons of Body Weight, Average Daily Gain, and Breast Circumference between Slow-Growing Thai Native Chickens (Pradu Hang dum) Raised On-Site Farm and On-Station. Vet Sci 2022; 10:vetsci10010011. [PMID: 36669012 PMCID: PMC9862915 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To ensure that any new technology developed within an experimental station is appropriate to the community’s needs and compatible with the existing systems, on-site farm research is an important component in examining the effectiveness of agricultural research. The present study examined the growth performance and genetics of Thai native chickens under conditions typically experienced by farmers on smallholder farms (on-site farms) compared with at an experimental unit (on-station). There were 1694 Thai native chickens (Pradu Hang dum) used in this experiment, and they were divided into 613 chickens for the on-station and 1081 chickens for the on-site farm experiments. The individual chicken data included the birth weight (BW0) and body weight at 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks of age (BW4, BW8, BW12, and BW16, respectively), ADG from 0−4, 4−8, 8−12, 12−16 weeks of age (ADG0−4, ADG4−8, ADG8−12, ADG12−16, respectively), and breast circumference at 8, 12, and 16 weeks of age (BrC8, BrC12, BrC16, respectively). A multiple traits animal model and a selection index were used to estimate the variance components, genetic parameters, and breeding values of growth traits. The results showed that the body weight, average daily gain, and breast circumference at 8, 12, and 16 weeks of age of Thai native chickens raised on-station were higher than those raised on-site at the farm among mixed-sex and sex-segregated chickens, while the birth weight and body weight at four weeks of age (BW0 and BW4) and ADG from 0−4 weeks of age (ADG0−4) were not significantly different (p > 0.05). The heritability estimates of body weight, average daily gain, and breast circumference in the chickens raised at the on-site farm and on-station were moderate to high, with on-station values slightly higher than on-site farm values. The heritability estimates of body weight were 0.236 to 0.499 for the on-site farm, and 0.291 to 0.499 for on-station. For average daily gain, the heritability estimates were 0.274 to 0.283 for the on-site farm and 0.298 to 0.313 for on-station; meanwhile, and for breast circumference, the heritability estimates were 0.204 to 0.268 for the on-site farm and 0.278 to 0.296 for on-station. Both phenotypic and genetic correlations among and between growth traits were positive and ranged from low to high values. The top 20% of the estimated breeding values and selection indices in the on-site farm and on-station experiments showed that the body weight at eight weeks of age (BW8), ADG from 4−8 weeks of age (ADG4−8), and breast circumference at eight weeks of age (BrC8) should be used as selection criteria for Thai native chicken breeding programs. In conclusion, the genetic parameters and breeding values in on-station experiments showed that the breeding program by selection index for improving growth performance is valid. Therefore, to implement such a breeding program in an on-site farm, an intensive or semi-intensive farm system should be considered to minimize the effect of genotype-environment interaction.
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PATRA AL, SAMAL L, BEHURA NC, SAHOO N, DAS DP, CHAMPATI A, MUDULI S, POPALGHAT HK. Feed and nutrient utilization efficiency and juvenile traits of Vezaguda chicken of Odisha in floor rearing system. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v92i12.102484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A study was conducted to evaluate the performance of Vezaguda, an indigenous chicken population of Odisha, up to 8 weeks of age in floor rearing system. Unsexed day-old chicks (100) were selected for this study. Mortality and feed intake were recorded daily while body weight was recorded weekly. Body conformation traits such as shank length, shank circumference, shank width, thigh length, chest girth, keel length, body length, height, back length, wing length, folded wing length, wing span, neck length, head length, skull length, head width, beak length and breast angle were measured at 6th and 8th weeks of age. The 8th week body weight of male and female chicks were 501.58±21.64 g and 423.35±13.44 g, respectively. The cumulative feed conversion ratio (FCR), energy efficiency ratio (EER), and protein efficiency ratio (PER) at 8th week were 4.00±0.06, 8.73±0.12, and 1.25±0.02, respectively. An index of productivity, production efficiency factor (PEF) was calculated taking into account final weight, liveability %, age of the bird and FCR. The PEF at 8th week was 16.38±0.46. At 6th week of age, all recorded conformation traits were higher in male chicks than that of female chicks. At 8th week of age, chest girth, skull length and beak length were significantly higher in male chicks than that of female chicks.
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MISHRA SIDDHARTHA, CHATTERJEE RUDRANATH, HAUNSHI SANTOSH, RAJKUMAR ULLENGALA. Characterization of Mewari, an indigenous chicken breed, from hot tropical climate of India. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v92i12.128022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mewari, an indigenous chicken breed, was characterized for phenotypic parameters, growth, reproduction and production traits under the hot tropical climate of India. The data collected on 690 chicks were analyzed for effect of sex, hatch and their interaction on body weight and body measurements. The body weights of males were significantly higher at different weeks except at day old. Significantly higher shank and keel length was found in males as compared to females. The effect of hatch was significant on mean body weights at all ages, on shank length and breast angles at 8 weeks of age. The fertility and hatchability on fertile eggs set (FES) was 74.15±4.29% and 71.37±8.15%, respectively. The age at first egg (AFE) in the flock was 142 days and the age at sexual maturity (ASM) was 181.2±3.85 days. The average egg weights at 28 and 40 weks of age were 36.61±0.29 and 42.59±0.37 g, respectively. The hen day egg production (HDEP) up to 40 and 52 weeks of age was 28.93±0.13 and 59.87±0.14 eggs, respectively. The annual HDEP up to 72 weeks of age was 86.37± 0.13 eggs. The growth and egg production of Mewari chicken is comparable with other indigenous breeds. Mewari, a newly registered indigenous breed, needs to be further studied for various parameters to conserve and improve the breed for higher productivity.
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Lasters R, Groffen T, Eens M, Coertjens D, Gebbink WA, Hofman J, Bervoets L. Home-produced eggs: An important human exposure pathway of perfluoroalkylated substances (PFAS). CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136283. [PMID: 36075366 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Humans are generally exposed to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) through their diet. Whilst plenty of data are available on commercial food products, little information exists on the contribution of self-cultivated food, such as home-produced eggs (HPE), to the dietary PFAS intake in humans. The prevalence of 17 legacy and emerging PFAS in HPE (N = 70) from free-ranging laying hens was examined at 35 private gardens, situated within a 10 km radius from a fluorochemical plant in Antwerp (Belgium). Potential influences from housing conditions (feed type and number of individuals) and age of the chickens on the egg concentrations was examined, and possible human health risks were evaluated. Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) were detected in all samples. PFOS was the dominant compound and concentrations (range: 0.13-241 ng/g wet weight) steeply decreased with distance from the fluorochemical plant, while there was no clear distance trend for other PFAS. Laying hens receiving an obligate diet of kitchen leftovers, exhibited higher PFOS and PFOA concentrations in their eggs than hens feeding only on commercial food, suggesting that garden produce may be a relevant exposure pathway to both chickens and humans. The age of laying hens affected egg PFAS concentrations, with younger hens exhibiting significantly higher egg PFOA concentrations. Based on a modest human consumption scenario of two eggs per week, the European health guideline was exceeded in ≥67% of the locations for all age classes, both nearby and further away (till 10 km) from the plant site. These results indicate that PFAS exposure via HPE causes potential human health risks. Extensive analysis in other self-cultivated food items on a larger spatial scale is highly recommended, taking into account potential factors that may affect PFAS bioavailability to garden produce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Lasters
- ECOSPHERE, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium; Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Thimo Groffen
- ECOSPHERE, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium; Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Marcel Eens
- Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Dries Coertjens
- Centre for Research on Environmental and Social Change, Department of Sociology, University of Antwerp, Sint-Jacobstraat 2, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | | | - Jelle Hofman
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400, Mol, Belgium.
| | - Lieven Bervoets
- ECOSPHERE, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium.
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The Innovative Informatics Approaches of High-Throughput Technologies in Livestock: Spearheading the Sustainability and Resiliency of Agrigenomics Research. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12111893. [PMID: 36431028 PMCID: PMC9695872 DOI: 10.3390/life12111893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
For more than a decade, next-generation sequencing (NGS) has been emerging as the mainstay of agrigenomics research. High-throughput technologies have made it feasible to facilitate research at the scale and cost required for using this data in livestock research. Scale frameworks of sequencing for agricultural and livestock improvement, management, and conservation are partly attributable to innovative informatics methodologies and advancements in sequencing practices. Genome-wide sequence-based investigations are often conducted worldwide, and several databases have been created to discover the connections between worldwide scientific accomplishments. Such studies are beginning to provide revolutionary insights into a new era of genomic prediction and selection capabilities of various domesticated livestock species. In this concise review, we provide selected examples of the current state of sequencing methods, many of which are already being used in animal genomic studies, and summarize the state of the positive attributes of genome-based research for cattle (Bos taurus), sheep (Ovis aries), pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus), horses (Equus caballus), chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus), and ducks (Anas platyrhyncos). This review also emphasizes the advantageous features of sequencing technologies in monitoring and detecting infectious zoonotic diseases. In the coming years, the continued advancement of sequencing technologies in livestock agrigenomics will significantly influence the sustained momentum toward regulatory approaches that encourage innovation to ensure continued access to a safe, abundant, and affordable food supplies for future generations.
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Singh M, Mollier RT, Paton RN, Pongener N, Yadav R, Singh V, Katiyar R, Kumar R, Sonia C, Bhatt M, Babu S, Rajkhowa DJ, Mishra VK. Backyard poultry farming with improved germplasm: Sustainable food production and nutritional security in fragile ecosystem. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.962268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 3 billion people were unable to afford a healthy diet in 2019 because of poverty and inequality. Most of these people live in Asia and Africa. Furthermore, 30% of the world population was affected by moderate to severe food insecurity in 2020, and most of this population lives in low- and middle-income countries. The world is at a critical juncture, and there is an urgent need for transformative food systems that ensure the empowerment of poor and vulnerable population groups, often smallholders with limited access to resources or those living in remote locations, as well as the empowerment of women, children, and youth (FAO, 2018). The backyard poultry production system (BPPS), as practiced by 80% of the world's rural population, can be that transformative change in low- and middle-income countries. Although the BPPS has low productivity, it still plays an important role in the food and nutritional security of rural people living in fragile ecosystems. Backyard poultry has been recognized as a tool for poverty alleviation and women empowerment besides ensuring food and nutritional security for rural poor. Poultry meat and eggs are the cheapest and best source of good quality protein, minerals, and vitamins. The introduction of improved backyard poultry germplasm has improved the productivity of this system in resource-poor settings and thereby improved the income and nutritional security of poor households. With these birds, the availability, access, utilization, and stability of food security have improved at household and national levels. Diseases, predation, non-availability of improved germplasm, lack of access to markets, and lack of skills are the major constraints to the adoption of improved backyard poultry. These constraints can be addressed by involving a network of community animal service providers. The improved backyard poultry germplasm will dominate the backyard poultry production system in the future and will be a tool for ensuring food and nutritional security on a sustainable basis, more particularly in low- and middle-income countries.
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Nisar MS, Zahra A, Iqbal MF, Bashir MA, Yasin R, Samiullah K, Aziz I, Saeed S, Alasmari A, Elsaid FG, Shati AA, Al-Kahtani MA, Naseem F, Fatima M, Ahmed F. Effect of Vegetable Waste on Growth Performance and Hematology of Broiler Chicks. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:4855584. [PMID: 36262973 PMCID: PMC9576385 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4855584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Vegetable waste (spinach, potato, and cauliflower) is a rich and natural source of nutrients, potentially good for supplying minerals, essential amino acids, and antioxidants to the birds. Relatively, its cost very low, easily to accessible, easily process & pose little risk of illness. The aim of present study was to evaluate the effect of vegetable waste (VW) as feed supplement on growth performance and hematology of broiler chicks. For this purpose, a total of 200 (4 days old) vaccinated chicks were acquired from a commercial hatchery Multan which was acclimated for three weeks (21 days) on basal starter feed after that 25-day-old chicks with uniform body weight were allocated according to a CRD (completely randomized design) into four dietary treatments with three replicates of each contained 15 chicks in 12 pens. In dietary treatments, chicks were feed with basal feed (BF) and supplemented feed with vegetable waste (VW) of spinach, potato, and cauliflower. For this purpose, the dietary treatments included control treatment (T 1) (100% BF+0% VW) and other dietary treatments (T 2) (75% BF+25% VW), (T 3) (50% BF+50% VW), and (T 4) (25% BF+75% VW). The body weight, feed intake, food conversion ratio (FCR), and mortality were checked on weekly and daily basis. For hematology analysis, after the 1st experimental week (25-day-old chicks) and the last 5th experimental week (56-day-old chicks), the samples of blood were gathered from the wing's veins of two birds from each treatment in random way. At the end of five weeks (35 days), birds with uniform average body weight were selected per treatment with three replicates (2 bird/replicate) and then were manually slaughtered according to the Halal method to analyze the weight of internal body organs of broilers by physical and statistical analysis (ANOVA). There was no significant effect (P > 0.05) on feed intake and FCR among all the dietary treatments. But in average, body weight and BWG were higher in treatment (T 2) (P < 0.01) than all other dietary treatments (T 3) and (T 4) and control treatment (T 1). The blood constituents in this study showed that broilers in control treatment (T 1) and other dietary treatments (T 2), (T 3), and (T 4) fed on different doses were significantly (P < 0.01) different from each other. The week 5 (W 5) shows higher values of blood constituents (P < 0.01) than week 1 (W 1). The carcass yield of the chicks fed on different doses showed that they were significantly different (P < 0.01) among the dietary treatments. The VW inclusion 0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% had positive effect on blood constituents and carcass yield of the broiler chicks; they were significantly (P < 0.01) different among the treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anjum Zahra
- DHQ teaching hospital Dera Ghazi Khan Punjab, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Riffat Yasin
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, MNSUA, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Khizar Samiullah
- Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, Ghazi University D. G. Khan, Pakistan
| | - Irum Aziz
- Department of Zoology, Ghazi University D. G. Khan, Pakistan
| | - Sidra Saeed
- Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, Ghazi University D. G. Khan, Pakistan
| | - Abdulrahman Alasmari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahmy G. Elsaid
- Biology Department, Science College, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ali A. Shati
- Biology Department, Science College, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Farwa Naseem
- WMO RHD (Rural Health Dispensary), Badduke, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | | | - Faraz Ahmed
- Basic Health Unit Faizabad tehsil Depalpur District Okara Punjab, Pakistan
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Willingness to Pay for Safe Chicken Meat in Bangladesh: A Contingent Valuation Approach. J FOOD QUALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/3262245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The poultry meat industry is primarily dominated by broilers, and conventional broiler meat is claimed to be malicious to human health and environment since it is produced using hazardous feeds and other dietary supplements. This study aimed to evaluate consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for safe broiler chicken meat following a contingent valuation model (CVM). Also, consumers’ consumption and different types of perceptions on safe broiler meat were assessed from the data collected among 300 consumers in Bangladesh. Consumers’ health and environmental perception of safe broiler meat are found to be high, indicating that they are more concerned about these attributes in the case of consuming broiler meat. The results reveal that conventional broiler meat losses its appeal to consumers after a certain income level and is mainly consumed by lower- and middle-income groups. This study divulges a unanimous demand for safe broiler meat among the consumers who intend to consume about 36% higher than their present consumption level if the availability was ensured in their local market. The average WTP premium for safe broiler meat is estimated to be about BDT 39.87 per kg. The consumers’ WTP is positively influenced by their education, income level, the current consumption of broiler chicken meat, health perception, and taste and nutrition perception. This study recommends meat producers, entrepreneurs, and farmers adjust their production and marketing plans by incorporating suitable quality control procedures to meet the unfilled consumer demand for safer broiler meat. Besides, slow-growing safer broiler chicken needs to be introduced to improve meat’s taste and nutritional aspects.
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Waithaka MK, Osuga IM, Kabuage LW, Subramanian S, Muriithi B, Wachira AM, Tanga CM. Evaluating the growth and cost-benefit analysis of feeding improved indigenous chicken with diets containing black soldier fly larva meal. FRONTIERS IN INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 2:933571. [PMID: 38468810 PMCID: PMC10926451 DOI: 10.3389/finsc.2022.933571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The high cost of feed has been the major hindrance to a hindrance to the growth, sustainability, profitability, and expansion of poultry production. Black soldier fly larva (BSFL) meal is one of the most promising alternative protein sources widely accepted globally. This study evaluated the growth performance of improved indigenous chicken (IIC)-fed diets containing different inclusion levels of BSFL meals. The BSFL meal inclusion rates included 0% (Diet0), 5% (Diet1), 10% (Diet2), 15% (Diet3), and 20% (Diet4) as replacement to the expensive fish meal in chick and grower diets. Our results showed that diet significantly affected the average daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and average daily weight gain of the chicks. The average daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio, except average daily feed intake of the growers, was not significantly affected by diets. The gross profit margin, cost-benefit ratio, and return on investment of feeding birds with BSFL meal varied significantly. The highest cost-benefit ratio of 2.12 was recorded for birds fed on Diet4. Our findings demonstrate that insect-based feeds can successfully and cost-effectively replace fish meal up to 20% without compromising the growth performance of the birds. Therefore, BSFL meal could be incorporated as an essential part of poultry feed production for IIC, potentially reducing the total feed cost while maintaining optimal production and reducing the cost of meat and egg products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mwangi K. Waithaka
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Animal Sciences, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Isaac M. Osuga
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Animal Sciences, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Lucy W. Kabuage
- Department of Animal Sciences, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Sevgan Subramanian
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Beatrice Muriithi
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ann M. Wachira
- Non-Ruminant Research Institute (NRI), Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO), Naivasha, Kenya
| | - Chrysantus M. Tanga
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
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Combining Abilities, Heterosis, Growth Performance, and Carcass Characteristics in a Diallel Cross from Black-Bone Chickens and Thai Native Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12131602. [PMID: 35804500 PMCID: PMC9264945 DOI: 10.3390/ani12131602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the combining abilities and heterosis for the growth performance and carcass characteristics in crosses between Hmong black-bone (HB), Chinese black-bone (CB), and Thai native (TN) chickens using a mating system diallel crossing. Nine crossbred chickens including HB × HB, CB × CB, TN × TN, HB × TN, TN × HB, CB × HB, HB × CB, TN × CB, and CB × TN, were tested. The total data were 699 recorded at the beginning of the experiment to 595 recorded in weeks 14 of age. Body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and survival rate (SUR) were recorded. Heterosis and combining ability regarding general combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA), and reciprocal combining ability (RCA) were estimated. The study found that CB had the greatest BW and ADG at all weeks (p < 0.05) except for hatch, while those of HB were the lowest. The highest GCA was found in CB; meanwhile, GCA was significantly negative in HB of all ages. Crossing between TN × CB had the greatest BW from 8 weeks of age, which was related to positive SCA and RCA values. However, the RCA value of TN × CB was lower than the SCA value of CB × TN. The yield percentages of the carcass in CB (87.00%) were higher than those in TN (85.05%) and HB (82.91%) (p < 0.05). The highest breast and thigh meat lightness (L*) values were obtained in TN (p < 0.05), while those of CB and HB were not different (p > 0.05). In the crossbreed, the yield percentage of the carcass was highest in TN × CB (89.65%) and CB × TN (88.55%) (p > 0.05) and was lowest in TN × HB (71.91%) (p < 0.05). The meat and skin color of the breast and thigh parts in the crossbreed had the lowest lightness in HB × CB (27.91 to 38.23) (p < 0.05), while those of TN × CB and CB × TN were insignificant (p > 0.05). In conclusion, crossing between the TN sires and CB dams has the preferable potential to develop crossbred Thai native chickens for commercial use based on their high growth performance.
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Comparative Study of Phenotypes and Genetics Related to the Growth Performance of Crossbred Thai Indigenous (KKU1 vs. KKU2) Chickens under Hot and Humid Conditions. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9060263. [PMID: 35737315 PMCID: PMC9228662 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9060263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To improve the body weight and growth performance traits of crossbred Thai indigenous chickens, phenotypic performance and genetic values were estimated. Crossbred Thai indigenous chickens, designated KKU1 and KKU2, were compared. The data included 1375 records of body weight (BW0, BW2, BW4, and BW16), breast circumference at 6 weeks of age (BrC6), and average daily gain (ADG0−2, ADG0−4, and ADG0−6). A multi-trait animal model with the average information-restricted maximum likelihood (AI-REML) was used to estimate the genetic parameters and breeding values. The results showed that the body weight and breast circumference traits (BW2, BW4, BW6, and BrC6) for the mixed sex KKU1 chickens were higher than for the KKU2 chickens (p < 0.05). For the growth performance traits, the KKU1 chickens had higher average daily gain and feed intake and a lower feed conversion ratio than the KKU2 chickens (p < 0.05). The survival rates were not different except at up to 6 weeks of age, when that of the KKU1 chickens was slightly lower. The specific combining ability, heritability, genetic and phenotypic correlations, and estimated breeding values showed that the KKU1 chickens had better genetics than the KKU2 chickens. In conclusion, KKU1 chickens are suitable for development as crossbred Thai indigenous chickens for enhanced growth performance and for commercial use.
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Nimisha K, Srikanth K, Velayutham D, Nandan D, Sankaralingam S, Nagarajan M. Comparative liver transcriptome analysis of duck reveals potential genes associated with egg production. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:5963-5972. [PMID: 35476172 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07380-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular studies on egg production in ducks were mostly focused on brain and ovaries as they are directly involved in egg production. Liver plays a vital role in cellular lipid metabolism. It also plays a decisive role in reproductive organ development, including yolk generation in laying ducks at sexual maturity. However, the precise molecular mechanism involved in the liver-blood-ovary axis in ducks remains elusive. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we analysed the liver transcriptome of laying (LA), immature (IM) and broody (BR) ducks using RNA sequencing to understand the role of genes expressed in the liver. The comparative transcriptome analysis revealed 82 DEGs between LA and IM ducks, 47 DEGs between LA and BR ducks and 51 DEGs between IM and BR ducks. GO analysis of DEGs, showed that DEGs were mainly involved in cellular anatomical entity, intracellular, metabolic process, and binding. Furthermore, pathway analysis indicated the important role of Wnt signaling pathway in egg formation and embryo development. Our study showed several candidate genes including vitellogenin-1, vitellogenin-2, riboflavin binding protein, G protein subunit gamma 4, and fatty acid binding protein 3 that are potentially related to egg production in ducks. CONCLUSIONS The study provides valuable information on the genes responsible for egg production and thus, pave the way for further investigation on the molecular mechanisms of egg production in duck.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koodali Nimisha
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, 671316, Kasaragod, Kerala, India
| | - Krishnamoorthy Srikanth
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, 14853, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | | | - Dharam Nandan
- AgriGenome Labs Pvt. Ltd, 682042, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Shanmugam Sankaralingam
- Department of Poultry Science, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 680 651, Mannuthy, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Muniyandi Nagarajan
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, 671316, Kasaragod, Kerala, India.
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Genetic parameters of growth traits, trend of production and reproduction traits, and meat quality status of Ghagus, an indigenous chicken of India. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:170. [PMID: 35460371 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03166-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Indigenous chickens play a vital role in providing nutritional security and economic support for the rural and tribal people in tropical countries like India. Ghagus, an indigenous chicken breed of India, was characterized for growth, production, and reproduction (fertility and hatchability) traits over different generations and for carcass and meat quality traits. Heritability, and genetic and phenotypic correlations among growth traits were estimated using mixed model least squares and maximum likelihood methods. Estimates of heritability of growth traits such as bodyweights at different age and 8-week shank length were high (0.32 to 0.39) in initial generation and moderate to high during latest generation (0.20 to 0.42). The correlations of growth traits with 40-week egg production were positive and significant (P < 0.001). There was improvement in 8-week bodyweight (559.3 ± 4.40 g) by 177 g over the generations. The average egg production up to 40 weeks over the generations was 35.66 eggs. There was also a significant (P < 0.001) increase in egg weights over the generations. The fertility (mean 89.3%) ranged from 85.2 to 92.3%. The hatchability on fertile egg set (mean 90.8%) ranged from 86.5 to 94.1% and it was improved by 3.9% over the generations. The carcass and meat quality study revealed that this breed has the lean meat, high protein, and attractive meat color with desirable meat quality characteristics. The study concluded that the Ghagus breed with self-propagation capacity has the potential to be improved as an indigenous meat-type breed to meet the ever-increasing demand for indigenous chickens' meat in the country.
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Effects of dietary electrolyte balance on performance, energy balance, and expression of genes related to acid-basic balance, absorption, and transport of nutrients in broilers. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:165. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03165-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Escobedo del Bosque CI, Grahl S, Nolte T, Mörlein D. Meat Quality Parameters, Sensory Properties and Consumer Acceptance of Chicken Meat from Dual-Purpose Crossbreeds Fed with Regional Faba Beans. Foods 2022; 11:foods11081074. [PMID: 35454661 PMCID: PMC9028872 DOI: 10.3390/foods11081074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumers’ concerns regarding the ethical and environmental practices of the current poultry production system have led to the search for an alternative production method. This study evaluated samples of three dual-purpose chicken crossbreeds: Vorwerkhuhn × Bresse Gauloise (VBG), Vorwerkhuhn × White Rock (VWR), and Bresse Gauloise × White Rock (BWR), fed with two variants of faba beans (vicin/convicin-rich and -poor: VC+ and VC−, respectively) and soybeans to examine whether the FB-based diets affected the meat quality of the crossbreeds. pH, color, water holding capacity, tenderness, nucleotide content and proximal composition were analyzed instrumentally, whereas sensory properties were identified by a trained panel and product acceptance was evaluated by frequent chicken consumers. Results showed that from instrumental measurements, the yellowness of the samples was affected by the type of feedstuff, whereas most other parameters were affected by the crossbreed, particularly color and nucleotide content. Sensory attributes, specifically, overall chicken aroma as well as firmness and crumbliness, were affected by an interaction of the feedstuff and crossbreed. Consumer preference did not show significant differences between samples. Overall, a faba-bean-based diet appeared to be a suitable alternative to a soybean-based diet on the crossbreeds VBG, VWR, and BWR when assessing the overall quality and taste of chicken breasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia I. Escobedo del Bosque
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, University of Goettingen, 37073 Goettingen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-055-1392-6249
| | - Stephanie Grahl
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany; (S.G.); (T.N.); (D.M.)
| | - Tanja Nolte
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany; (S.G.); (T.N.); (D.M.)
- Center for Integrated Breeding Research, University of Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Mörlein
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany; (S.G.); (T.N.); (D.M.)
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Portillo-Salgado R, Herrera Haro J, Bautista-Ortega J, Chay-Canul A, Cigarroa Vázquez F. Guajolote – A poultry genetic resource native to Mexico. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2022.2028217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Portillo-Salgado
- Programa de Ganadería, Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Texcoco, México
| | - J.G. Herrera Haro
- Programa de Ganadería, Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Texcoco, México
| | - J. Bautista-Ortega
- Departamento de Ciencias Agrícolas, Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Campeche, Champotón, México
| | - A.J. Chay-Canul
- División Acad Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, México
| | - F.A. Cigarroa Vázquez
- Escuela de Estudios Agropecuarios Mezcalapa, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Copainalá, Chiapas, México
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Gheyas A, Vallejo-Trujillo A, Kebede A, Dessie T, Hanotte O, Smith J. Whole genome sequences of 234 indigenous African chickens from Ethiopia. Sci Data 2022; 9:53. [PMID: 35165296 PMCID: PMC8844291 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01129-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Indigenous chickens predominate poultry production in Africa. Although preferred for backyard farming because of their adaptability to harsh tropical environments, these populations suffer from relatively low productivity compared to commercial lines. Genome analyses can unravel the genetic potential of improvement of these birds for both production and resilience traits for the benefit of African poultry farming systems. Here we report whole-genome sequences of 234 indigenous chickens from 24 Ethiopian populations distributed under diverse agro-climatic conditions. The data represents over eight terabytes of paired-end sequences from the Ilumina HiSeqX platform with an average coverage of about 57X. Almost 99% of the sequence reads could be mapped against the chicken reference genome (GRCg6a), confirming the high quality of the data. Variant calling detected around 15 million SNPs, of which about 86% are known variants (i.e., present in public databases), providing further confidence on the data quality. The dataset provides an excellent resource for investigating genetic diversity and local environmental adaptations with important implications for breed improvement and conservation purposes. Measurement(s) | genome | Technology Type(s) | DNA sequencing | Factor Type(s) | animal population | Sample Characteristic - Organism | Gallus gallus | Sample Characteristic - Location | Ethiopia |
Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data: 10.6084/m9.figshare.16999891
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Tilahun M, Mitiku M, Ayalew W. Agroecology Is Affecting Village Chicken Producers' Breeding Objective in Ethiopia. SCIENTIFICA 2022; 2022:9492912. [PMID: 35070466 PMCID: PMC8776488 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9492912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed factors that determine village chicken producers' trait preferences in different agroecologies of Ethiopia. Three hundred and eighty village chicken producers were sampled for individual interviews. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. Inbreeding coefficients of chicken populations in the three major agroecologies were estimated. In addition, the multivariate regression model was employed to evaluate the degree to which agroecological difference and socioeconomic and institutional factors impact village chicken producers' trait preferences. Egg and meat production for consumption and income generation were the three major village chicken production functions in the study. Plumage color and weight were ranked first for male and female chicken, respectively. Red plumage color (52.4%) was the primary choice followed by white color (24.5%). Agroecology and livestock holding (TLU) significantly (P < 0.05) affected farmers' preference toward economic traits, while land holding significantly (P < 0.05) affected reproductive traits. Distance to market significantly (P < 0.05) affected farmers' preference toward adaptive traits. The inbreeding coefficient of 0.25, 0.23, and 0.06 was recorded in low, mid, and highland agroecologies, respectively. The agroecological difference is affecting village chicken producers' breeding objective in Ethiopia. A higher inbreeding coefficient was observed in the low and mid agroecologies. Future breed improvement programs should give due consideration to village chicken producers' socioeconomic characteristics and agroecological differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyahel Tilahun
- College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia
| | - Mosa Mitiku
- College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia
| | - Wondossen Ayalew
- College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia
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Genetic Effect and Growth Curve Parameter Estimation under Heat Stress in Slow-Growing Thai Native Chickens. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8120297. [PMID: 34941825 PMCID: PMC8706195 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8120297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress is becoming a major problem because it limits growth in poultry production, especially in tropical areas. The development of genetic lines of Thai native chickens (TNC) which can tolerate the tropical climate with the least compromise on growth performance is therefore necessary. This research aims to analyze the appropriate growth curve function and to estimate the effect of heat stress on the genetic absolute growth rate (AGR) in TNC and Thai synthetic chickens (TSC). The data comprised 35,355 records for body weight from hatching to slaughtering weight of 7241 TNC and 10,220 records of 2022 TSC. The best-fitting growth curve was investigated from three nonlinear regression models (von Bertalanffy, Gompertz, and logistic) and used to analyze the individual AGR. In addition, a repeatability test-day model on the temperature-humidity index (THI) function was used to estimate the genetic parameters for heat stress. The Gompertz function produced the lowest mean squared error (MSE) and Akaike information criterion (AIC) and highest the pseudo-coefficient of determination (Pseudo-R2) in both chicken breeds. The growth rates in TSC were higher than TNC; the growth rates of males were greater than females, but the age at inflection point in females was lower than in males in both chicken breeds. The THI threshold started at 76. The heritability of the AGR was 0.23 and 0.18 in TNC and TSC, respectively. The additive variance and permanent environmental variance of the heat stress effect increased sharply after the THI of 76. The growth rate decreased more severely in TSC than TNC. In conclusion, the Gompertz function can be applied with the THI to evaluate genetic performance for heat tolerance and increase growth performance in slow-growing chicken.
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Nguyen TH, Nguyen CX, Luu MQ, Nguyen AT, Bui DH, Pham DK, Do DN. Mathematical models to describe the growth curves of Vietnamese Ri chicken. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e249756. [PMID: 34755795 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.249756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ri chicken is the most popular backyard chicken breed in Vietnam, but little is known about the growth curve of this breed. This study compared the performances of models with three parameters (Gompertz, Brody, and Logistic) and models containing four parameters (Richards, Bridges, and Janoschek) for describing the growth of Ri chicken. The bodyweight of Ri chicken was recorded weekly from week 1 to week 19. Growth models were fitted using minpack.lm package in R software and Akaike's information criterion (AIC), Bayesian information criterion (BIC), and root mean square error (RMSE) were used for model comparison. Based on these criteria, the models having four parameters showed better performance than the ones with three parameters, and the Richards model was the best one for males and females. The lowest and highest value of asymmetric weights (α) were obtained by Bridges and Brody models for each of sexes, respectively. Age and weight estimated by the Richard model were 8.46 and 7.51 weeks and 696.88 and 487.58 g for males and for females, respectively. Differences in the growth curves were observed between males and female chicken. Overall, the results suggested using the Richards model for describing the growth curve of Ri chickens. Further studies on the genetics and genomics of the obtained growth parameters are required before using them for the genetic improvement of Ri chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Nguyen
- Faculty of Animal Science, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - C X Nguyen
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - M Q Luu
- Ministry of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - A T Nguyen
- Faculty of Animal Science, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - D H Bui
- Faculty of Animal Science, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - D K Pham
- Faculty of Animal Science, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - D N Do
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Canada
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Matus-Aragón MÁ, González-Cerón F, Salinas-Ruiz J, Sosa-Montes E, Pro-Martínez A, Hernández-Mendo O, Cuca-García JM, Chan-Díaz DJ. Productive performance of Mexican Creole chickens from hatching to 12 weeks of age fed diets with different concentrations of metabolizable energy and crude protein. Anim Biosci 2021; 34:1794-1801. [PMID: 33332942 PMCID: PMC8563255 DOI: 10.5713/ab.20.0682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the productive performance, carcass yield, size of digestive organs and nutrient utilization in Mexican Creole chickens, using four diets with different concentrations of metabolizable energy (ME, kcal/kg) and crude protein (CP, %).Methods: Two hundred thirty-six chickens, coming from eight incubation batches, were randomly distributed to four experimental diets with the following ME/CP ratios: 3,000/20, 2,850/19, 2,700/18 and 2,550/17. Each diet was evaluated with 59 birds from hatching to 12 weeks of age. The variables feed intake (FI), body weight gain (BWG), feed conversion (FC), mortality, carcass yield, size of digestive organs, retention of nutrients, retention efficiency of gross energy (GE) and CP, and excretion of N were recorded. Data were analyzed as a randomized block design with repeated measures using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS, with covariance AR (1) and adjustment of degrees of freedom (KendwardRoger), the adjusted means were compared with the least significant difference method at a significance level of 5%.Results: The productive performance variables BWG, mortality, carcass yield, fat and GE retention and excretion of N were not different (p>0.05) due to the diet effect. In the 3,000/20 diet, the chickens had lower values of FI, FC, crop weight, gizzard weight, retention, and retention efficiency of CP (p<0.05) than the chickens of the 2,550/17 diet.Conclusion: The Mexican Creole chickens from hatching to 12 weeks of age can be feed with a diet with 2,550 kcal ME and 17% CP, without compromising productive parameters (BWG, mortality, carcass yield) but improving retention and retention efficiency of CP.
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Temporal Trends in Performance and Hatchability Traits of Eight Strains of Hens Covered by the Gene Pool Protection Programme in Poland. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2021-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine trends in performance and hatchability traits of eight strains of hens that have been covered by the gene pool protection programme in Poland over ten years/generations. The study involved conservation populations of laying hens: Greenleg Partridge (Z-11), Yellowleg Partridge (Ż-33), Sussex (S-66), Leghorn (H-22, G99), Rhode Island Red (R-11, K-22) and Rhode Island White (A-33), which were maintained at the Experimental Station of the National Research Institute of Animal Production in Chorzelów. The following productive traits were analysed for each population: body weight at 20 wk (g), egg weight at 33 and 53 wk, sexual maturity and number of eggs laid per hen up to 56 wk of age. Mortality and culling were also recorded during rearing and production periods. Furthermore, effective population size (Ne) and inbreeding coefficient in the population (Fx) were calculated for each strain. The analysis of the performance results of the eight strains of hens and their trends indicate that the methods of conservation breeding adopted for these populations enable effective implementation of the conservation programme. The strains were found to differ in all the performance traits subjected to evaluation. Over the 10 generations, the strains examined showed high survival and hatchability parameters during both rearing and production periods. The currently used random mating system proved effective to prevent the populations from an increase of inbreeding. However, a worrying downward trend in body weight was observed in some strains.
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DINESH KRISHANENDER, SANKHYAN V, THAKUR YP, THAKUR D, KUMAR R. Comparative performance evaluation of Dahlem Red, native and their crosses under intensive management in Himachal Pradesh. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v91i10.117220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The present study compared the production performance of DR, Native, DN and DND crosses under intensive system of management. DN and DND crosses showed better growth and production performance compare to local Native parent birds. DND (75% DR inheritance) chicken performed better than DN cross (50% DR inheritance). The better performance of crosses indicated effective utilization and propagation under rural poultry farming system as low input technology birds. It is more beneficial to rear the crosses than local Native birds in Himachal Pradesh. Based on better performance of DND than DN, the former was recommended for development and propagation of Himsamridhi; location specific poultry variety. There is need for wider propagation of these birds in the state by development agencies. Future efforts are required for adaptability assessment of Himsamridhi birds in different agroclimatic region of the state under prevalent village poultry farming system. This will ascertain the suitability of developed cross at farmer’s level.
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