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Fanaei H, Shoorijeh BT, Hafezinouri H, Mirzaei I, Parsi-Moud A. Impact of social isolation on corticosterone release and recovery after stroke in aged rats: A behavioral and biochemical analysis. Exp Gerontol 2024; 192:112453. [PMID: 38723916 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Social isolation (SI) after stroke reduces recovery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of SI on corticosterone release and recovery after stroke in aged rats. A total of 64 male Wistar rats (aged 24 months) were used in the present study. All rats were housed in pairs for two weeks. After two weeks, rats were randomly assigned to one of four groups: (1) rats underwent sham surgery and kept socially isolated (control/social isolated (CO/SI) group); (2) rats underwent sham surgery and kept pair housed (control/pair housed (CO/PH) group); (3) rats underwent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) surgery and kept socially isolated (stroke/isolated (ST/SI) group); (4) rats underwent MCAO surgery and kept pair housed (stroke/pair housed (ST/PH)) group. Behaviors were assessed using the adhesive removal test, rotarod test and social interaction test at 1st, 7th, 14th and 21st days after stroke. Serum biochemical analysis was also performed on the behavioral testing days. Results showed THAT serum corticosterone and MDA levels in CO/PH group were significantly lower than CO/SI group. Serum BDNF levels in CO/PH group was significantly higher than CO/SI group. Serum corticosterone and MDA levels in ST/PH group were lower than ST/SI group. In ST/PH group, serum Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and BDNF levels were significantly higher than ST/SI group. Biochemical analysis of certain regions of the brain (hippocampus, striatum and cerebral cortex) was performed on 21st day after stroke. In the hippocampus of CO/PH group, BDNF and TAC levels were significantly higher than CO/SI group. The hippocampal MDA level of CO/PH group were significantly lower than CO/SI group. BDNF and TAC levels in the hippocampus, striatum and cerebral cortex of ST/PH group were significantly higher and MDA level was significantly lower as compared with ST/SI group. Both ischemic groups showed sensorimotor recovery over a 21-day period, but recovery of ST/PH group was significantly greater than ST/SI group. Total social interaction time in ST/PH group was significantly longer than ST/SI group. Based on the results of this study, social interaction after stroke enhances histologic and sensorimotor recovery through reduction of HPA activity and corticosterone release, leading to increased TAC and BDNF levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Fanaei
- Pregnancy Health Research Center, Department of Physiology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
| | | | - Hamid Hafezinouri
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Ilia Mirzaei
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Parsi-Moud
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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Yamaguchi Y, Okamura K, Yamamuro K, Okumura K, Komori T, Toritsuka M, Takada R, Nishihata Y, Ikawa D, Yamauchi T, Makinodan M, Yoshino H, Saito Y, Matsuzaki H, Kishimoto T, Kimoto S. NARP-related alterations in the excitatory and inhibitory circuitry of socially isolated mice: developmental insights and implications for autism spectrum disorder. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1403476. [PMID: 38903649 PMCID: PMC11187327 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1403476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Social isolation during critical periods of development is associated with alterations in behavior and neuronal circuitry. This study aimed to investigate the immediate and developmental effects of social isolation on firing properties, neuronal activity-regulated pentraxin (NARP) and parvalbumin (PV) expression in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), social behavior in juvenile socially isolated mice, and the biological relevance of NARP expression in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Methods Mice were subjected to social isolation during postnatal days 21-35 (P21-P35) and were compared with group-housed control mice. Firing properties in the PFC pyramidal neurons were altered in P35 socially isolated mice, which might be associated with alterations in NARP and PV expression. Results In adulthood, mice that underwent juvenile social isolation exhibited difficulty distinguishing between novel and familiar mice during a social memory task, while maintaining similar levels of social interaction as the control mice. Furthermore, a marked decrease in NARP expression in lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from adolescent humans with ASD as compared to typically developing (TD) humans was found. Conclusion Our study highlights the role of electrophysiological properties, as well as NARP and PV expression in the PFC in mediating the developmental consequences of social isolation on behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunari Yamaguchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Kazuya Okamura
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Yamamuro
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Kazuki Okumura
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Takashi Komori
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Michihiro Toritsuka
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Ryohei Takada
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Yosuke Nishihata
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ikawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Takahira Yamauchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Manabu Makinodan
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yoshino
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
- Mie Prefectural Mental Medical Center, Mie, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Saito
- Department of Neurophysiology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Hideo Matsuzaki
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Kishimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Sohei Kimoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
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da Silva RPB, Pinheiro IL, da Silva RKB, Moretti EC, de Oliveira Neto OB, Ferraz-Pereira K, Galindo LCM. Social isolation and post-weaning environmental enrichment effects on rat emotional behavior and serotonergic system. Int J Dev Neurosci 2024; 84:265-280. [PMID: 38526313 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Social isolation (SI) is related to adverse neurobehavioral effects and neurochemical changes when it occurs early in development. On the other hand, environmental enrichment (EE) is associated with a reduction in anxiety-like and depression-like behavior, as well as an increase in serotonin (5-HT) levels in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in rodents. This study systematically reviewed the effects of SI and EE on emotional behavior and serotonergic system components in rats after weaning. Primary experimental studies that used subgroups of rats subjected to SI, EE, and normal social conditions after weaning were considered eligible. Studies that used transgenic rodents, ex vivo studies, in vitro studies, human research, or in silico studies were ineligible. Two authors completed searches in Medline/PubMed, LILACS, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Open Gray. The Kappa index was calculated to assess agreement between reviewers and assess study quality. The results showed that the animals exposed to EE showed better adaptation to a new environment. Furthermore, EE increased 5-HT levels in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of rodents. Thus, it appears that an EE during the critical period of development may reduce anxiety/depression-like behaviors, as well as increase long-term neurotransmitter response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Patrícia Bezerra da Silva
- Post-Graduate Program in Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil
| | - Isabeli Lins Pinheiro
- Post-Graduate Program in Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil
- Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Study Unit, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Regina Katiuska Bezerra da Silva
- Post-Graduate Program in Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil
| | | | | | - Kelli Ferraz-Pereira
- Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Study Unit, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Department Speech Therapy, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Lígia Cristina Monteiro Galindo
- Post-Graduate Program in Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil
- Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Study Unit, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Department of Anatomy, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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Johnson MC, Zweig JA, Zhang Y, Ryabinin AE. Effects of social housing on alcohol intake in mice depend on the non-social environment. Front Behav Neurosci 2024; 18:1380031. [PMID: 38817806 PMCID: PMC11137225 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1380031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Excessive alcohol consumption leads to serious health problems. Mechanisms regulating the consumption of alcohol are insufficiently understood. Previous preclinical studies suggested that non-social environmental and social environmental complexities can regulate alcohol consumption in opposite directions. However, previous studies did not include all conditions and/or did not include female rodents. Therefore, in this study, we examined the effects of social versus single housing in standard versus non-standard housing conditions in male and female mice. Methods Adult C57BL/6 J mice were housed in either standard shoebox cages or in automated Herdsman 2 (HM2) cages and exposed to a two-bottle choice procedure with 3% or 6% ethanol versus water for 5 days. The HM2 cages use radiotracking devices to measure the fluid consumption of individual mice in an undisturbed and automated manner. In both housing conditions, mice were housed either at one or at four per cage. Results In standard cages, group housing of animals decreased alcohol consumption and water consumption. In HM2 cages, group housing significantly increased ethanol preference and decreased water intake. There were no significant differences in these effects between male and female animals. These observations were similar for 3 and 6% ethanol solutions but were more pronounced for the latter. The effects of social environment on ethanol preference in HM2 cages were accompanied by an increase in the number of approaches to the ethanol solution and a decrease in the number of approaches to water. The differences in ethanol intake could not be explained by differences in locomotor or exploratory activity as socially housed mice showed fewer non-consummatory visits to the ethanol solutions than single-housed animals. In addition, we observed that significant changes in behaviors measuring the approach to the fluid were not always accompanied by significant changes in fluid consumption, and vice versa, suggesting that it is important to assess both measures of motivation to consume alcohol. Conclusion Our results indicate that the direction of the effects of social environment on alcohol intake in mice depends on the non-social housing environment. Understanding mechanisms by which social and non-social housing conditions modulate alcohol intake could suggest approaches to counteract environmental factors enhancing hazardous alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Andrey E. Ryabinin
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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Xu C, Wu N, Song T, Dai Y. Rapid ejaculator rats are more susceptible to anxiety compared with normal ejaculator rats. Int J Impot Res 2024:10.1038/s41443-024-00888-5. [PMID: 38622269 DOI: 10.1038/s41443-024-00888-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
By observation of Sprague-Dawley male rats with different ejaculatory behaviors, we have identified distinct behavioral characteristics in rapid ejaculator rats. To validate these differential behaviors, we conducted multifaceted behavioral experiments on rapid ejaculator rats and normal rats. Through mating experiments, 42 male rats were categorized into 5 rapid ejaculator rats, 29 normal ejaculator rats, and 8 sluggish ejaculator rats according to their ejaculation frequency. We selected 5 rats exhibiting rapid ejaculation and 5 rats with normal ejaculation for participation in the Morris water maze, open-field test, and balance beam experiments. The open-field tests revealed that rapid ejaculator rats spent shorter time in the center region (1.23 ± 1.21 vs. 6.56 ± 2.40 s, P = 0.0041), less entered the center region (0.80 ± 0.75 vs. 3.40 ± 1.50, time, P = 0.0145), traveled shorter distances (17,003.77 ± 3339.42 vs. 25,037.90 ± 5499.94 mm, P = 0.0371), and had a lower average speed compared with normal rats (66.09 ± 62.36 vs. 195.56 ± 83.41 mm/s, P = 0.0377). However, no significant differences were observed in the Morris water maze and balance beam experiments (0.25 ± 0.05 vs. 0.26 ± 0.07, P = 0.7506;16.40 ± 3.77 vs. 16.25 ± 2.05, P = 0.9515). These behavioral results indicated that the rapid ejaculator rats were more prone to anxiety. To further substantiate this claim, we examined Brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression levels in the hippocampus of rat brains using immunohistochemistry and western blotting. The results demonstrate lower Brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in the hippocampus of rapid ejaculator rats compared with that in normal rats (P = 0.0093). Thus, our experiments indicate that rapid ejaculator rats exhibit a higher propensity for anxiety, potentially linked to their abnormal neurophysiologic state. It is concluded that rapid ejaculator rats may be more susceptible to anxiety on a pathophysiological basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlu Xu
- Department of Andrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, China
| | - Ning Wu
- Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Jiaozuo City, No. 263 Jiefang Middle Road, Jiaozuo City, Henan Province, 454002, China
- Department of Drum Tower Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No 321 Zhongshan Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Tao Song
- Department of Andrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, China.
| | - Yutian Dai
- Department of Andrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, China.
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Filipović D, Novak B, Xiao J, Tadić P, Turck CW. Prefrontal Cortex Cytosolic Proteome and Machine Learning-Based Predictors of Resilience toward Chronic Social Isolation in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3026. [PMID: 38474271 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25053026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic social isolation (CSIS) generates two stress-related phenotypes: resilience and susceptibility. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying CSIS resilience remain unclear. We identified altered proteome components and biochemical pathways and processes in the prefrontal cortex cytosolic fraction in CSIS-resilient rats compared to CSIS-susceptible and control rats using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry followed by label-free quantification and STRING bioinformatics. A sucrose preference test was performed to distinguish rat phenotypes. Potential predictive proteins discriminating between the CSIS-resilient and CSIS-susceptible groups were identified using machine learning (ML) algorithms: support vector machine-based sequential feature selection and random forest-based feature importance scores. Predominantly, decreased levels of some glycolytic enzymes, G protein-coupled receptor proteins, the Ras subfamily of GTPases proteins, and antioxidant proteins were found in the CSIS-resilient vs. CSIS-susceptible groups. Altered levels of Gapdh, microtubular, cytoskeletal, and calcium-binding proteins were identified between the two phenotypes. Increased levels of proteins involved in GABA synthesis, the proteasome system, nitrogen metabolism, and chaperone-mediated protein folding were identified. Predictive proteins make CSIS-resilient vs. CSIS-susceptible groups linearly separable, whereby a 100% validation accuracy was achieved by ML models. The overall ratio of significantly up- and downregulated cytosolic proteins suggests adaptive cellular alterations as part of the stress-coping process specific for the CSIS-resilient phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Filipović
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, "VINČA" Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Božidar Novak
- Proteomics and Biomarkers, Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Jinqiu Xiao
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Predrag Tadić
- School of Electrical Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Christoph W Turck
- Proteomics and Biomarkers, Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650107, China
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Li P, Yan Z. An epigenetic mechanism of social isolation stress in adolescent female mice. Neurobiol Stress 2024; 29:100601. [PMID: 38213831 PMCID: PMC10776430 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2023.100601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Social isolation during adolescence can increase the risk of mental disorders. Epigenetic changes induced by chronic social isolation may serve as a mechanism underlying emotional disturbances. To test this, we exposed female mice to a post-weaning 6-week social isolation (SI) stress. We found the significantly increased methylation of histone H3 at lysine 9 (H3K9), a histone mark linked to gene repression, as well as the increased H3K9 methyltransferases SUV39H1 and SETDB1, in prefrontal cortex (PFC) of SI females. To find out potential downstream genes affected by this epigenetic alteration, we examined genes linked to neuronal and synaptic functions. Activity-dependent genes, including Arc, c-Fos and Npas4, were significantly reduced in PFC of SI females, correlated with the increased H3K9me2 occupancy around Arc enhancer. Treatment of SI females with UNC0642, a selective inhibitor of H3K9 methylation, significantly attenuated the anxiety-like behavior and elevated Arc expression. These results have revealed an epigenetic mechanism and intervention avenue for anxiety induced by chronic social isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Li
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Zhen Yan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
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Floris G, Godar SC, Braccagni G, Piras IS, Ravens A, Zanda MT, Huentelman MJ, Bortolato M. The sinking platform test: a novel paradigm to measure persistence in animal models. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024:10.1038/s41386-024-01827-0. [PMID: 38396257 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-024-01827-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Persistence is the propensity to maintain goal-directed actions despite adversities. While this temperamental trait is crucial to mitigate depression risk, its neurobiological foundations remain elusive. Developing behavioral tasks to capture persistence in animal models is crucial for understanding its molecular underpinnings. Here, we introduce the Sinking Platform Test (SPT), a novel high-throughput paradigm to measure persistence. Mice were trained to exit a water-filled tank by ascending onto a platform above water level. Throughout the training, mice were also occasionally exposed to "failure trials," during which an operator would submerge a platform right after the mouse climbed onto it, requiring the mouse to reach and ascend a newly introduced platform. Following training, mice were subjected to a 5-min test exclusively consisting of failure trials. Male and female mice exhibited comparable persistence, measured by the number of climbed platforms during the test. Furthermore, this index was increased by chronic administration of fluoxetine or imipramine; conversely, it was reduced by acute and chronic haloperidol. Notably, six weeks of social isolation reduced SPT performance, and this effect was rescued by imipramine treatment over the last two weeks. A 4-week regimen of voluntary wheel running also improved persistence in socially isolated mice. Finally, comparing transcriptomic profiles of the prefrontal cortex of mice with high and low SPT performance revealed significant enrichment of immediate-early genes known to shape susceptibility for chronic stress. These findings highlight the potential of SPT as a promising method to uncover the biological mechanisms of persistence and evaluate novel interventions to enhance this response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Floris
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neural Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sean C Godar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Giulia Braccagni
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Ignazio S Piras
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Alicia Ravens
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Mary T Zanda
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Matthew J Huentelman
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Marco Bortolato
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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Sowndharya S, Rajan KE. Environmental enrichment improves social isolation-induced memory impairment: The possible role of ITSN1-Reelin-AMPA receptor signaling pathway. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0294354. [PMID: 38241230 PMCID: PMC10798460 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Environmental enrichment (EE) through combination of social and non-biological stimuli enhances activity-dependent synaptic plasticity and improves behavioural performance. Our earlier studies have suggested that EE resilience the stress induced depression/ anxiety-like behaviour in Indian field mice Mus booduga. This study was designed to test whether EE reverses the social isolation (SI) induced effect and improve memory. Field-caught mice M. booduga were subjected to behaviour test (Direct wild, DW), remaining animals were housed under SI for ten days and then housed for short-term at standard condition (STSC)/ long-term at standard condition (LTSC) or as group in EE cage. Subsequently, we have examined reference, working memory and expression of genes associated with synaptic plasticity. Our analysis have shown that EE reversed SI induced impairment in reference, working memory and other accompanied changes i.e. increased level of Intersectin 1 (ITSN1), Huntingtin (Htt), Synaptotagmin -IV (SYT4), variants of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf - III), α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor (GluR1) expression, and decreased variants of Bdnf (IV), BDNF, Reelin, Apolipoprotein E receptor 2 (ApoER2), very low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR), Src family tyrosine kinase (SFKs), Disabled protein (Dab)-1, Protein kinase B (PKB/Akt), GluR2, Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) expression. In addition, SI induced reduction in BDNF expressing neurons in dentate gyrus of hippocampus reversed by EE. Further, we found that SI decreases small neuro-active molecules such as Benzenedicarboxylic acid, and increases 2-Pregnene in the hippocampus and feces reversed by EE. Overall, this study demonstrated that EE is effectively reversed the SI induced memory impairment by potentially regulating the molecules associated with the ITSN1-Reelin-AMPA receptor pathway to increase synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swamynathan Sowndharya
- Behavioural Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - Koilmani Emmanuvel Rajan
- Behavioural Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
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Kurogi K, Taniguchi F, Matsuo R, Shinozuka M, Suzaki R, Yasuo S. Increased depression-like behaviors with altered brain dopamine metabolisms in male mice housed in large cages are alleviated by bupropion. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 960:176126. [PMID: 37858834 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Psycho-environmental stress-based animal models of anxiety and depression are useful for investigating pathological mechanisms and drug development. Although several rodent-based studies have reported the beneficial effects of environmental enrichment (EE) on brain plasticity and anxiety- and depression-like behaviors, other studies have reported inverse effects. Here, we found that housing male mice in EE involving large cages and other EE materials increased anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in open field and tail suspension tests (TST). We further confirmed that housing in large cages was sufficient to induce increased depression-like behaviors in the TST and reduce the saccharine preference percentage, a sign of anhedonia, in male mice. In these experiments, the number of animals per cage was equivalent to that in standard cage housing, suggesting that low density in large cages may be a determining factor for behavioral alteration. In mice housed in large cages, sex-specific dysregulation of brain monoamine systems was observed; dopamine turnover to homovanillic acid or norepinephrine in the prefrontal cortex was elevated in males, while serotonin turnover to 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in the amygdala was increased in females. Finally, we demonstrated that daily intraperitoneal injections of bupropion, a dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, counteracted large-cage housing-induced changes in depression- and anhedonia-like behaviors in male mice. Our results suggest that housing in large cages with a low density of mice is a novel paradigm to clarify the mechanisms of environmental stress-induced emotional dysregulation and to identify drugs or food factors to alleviate the dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaito Kurogi
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Fuka Taniguchi
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Ryohei Matsuo
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Marina Shinozuka
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Raiki Suzaki
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Shinobu Yasuo
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
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11
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Guimarães DM, Valério-Gomes B, Vianna-Barbosa RJ, Oliveira W, Neves GÂ, Tovar-Moll F, Lent R. Social isolation leads to mild social recognition impairment and losses in brain cellularity. Brain Struct Funct 2023; 228:2051-2066. [PMID: 37690044 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-023-02705-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Chronic social stress is a significant risk factor for several neuropsychiatric disorders, mainly major depressive disorder (MDD). In this way, patients with clinical depression may display many symptoms, including disrupted social behavior and anxiety. However, like many other psychiatric diseases, MDD has a very complex etiology and pathophysiology. Because social isolation is one of the multiple depression-inducing factors in humans, this study aims to understand better the link between social stress and MDD using an animal model based on social isolation after weaning, which is known to produce social stress in mice. We focused on cellular composition and white matter integrity to establish possible links with the abnormal social behavior that rodents isolated after weaning displayed in the three-chamber social approach and recognition tests. We used the isotropic fractionator method to assess brain cellularity, which allows us to robustly estimate the number of oligodendrocytes and neurons in dissected brain regions. In addition, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was employed to analyze white matter microstructure. Results have shown that post-weaning social isolation impairs social recognition and reduces the number of neurons and oligodendrocytes in important brain regions involved in social behavior, such as the anterior neocortex and the olfactory bulb. Despite the limitations of animal models of psychological traits, evidence suggests that behavioral impairments observed in patients might have similar biological underpinnings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Menezes Guimarães
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
| | - Bruna Valério-Gomes
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Washington Oliveira
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gilda Ângela Neves
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Roberto Lent
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- D'Or Institute of Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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12
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McCready RG, Gilley KR, Kusumo LE, Hall GM, Vichaya EG. Chronic Stress Exacerbates Hyperglycemia-Induced Affective Symptoms in Male Mice. Neuroimmunomodulation 2023; 30:302-314. [PMID: 37852199 PMCID: PMC10641805 DOI: 10.1159/000534669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Among chronically ill populations, affective disorders remain underdiagnosed and undertreated. A high degree of comorbidity exists between diabetes and affective disorders, particularly depression and anxiety. The mechanisms underlying stress-induced affective dysregulation are likely distinct from those induced by diabetes. A direct comparison between stress- and hyperglycemia-induced affective dysregulation could provide insight into distinct mechanistic targets for depression/anxiety associated with these different conditions. METHODS To this end, the present study used male C57BL/6J mice to compare the independent and combined behavioral and neuroinflammatory effects of two models: (1) unpredictable chronic mild stress and (2) pharmacologically induced hyperglycemia. RESULTS Streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia was associated with a set of behavioral changes reflective of the neurovegetative symptoms of depression (i.e., reduced open field activity, reduced grooming, increased immobility in the forced swim task, and decreased marble burying), increased hippocampal Bdnf and Tnf expression, and elevations in frontal cortex Il1b expression. Our chronic stress protocol produced alterations in anxiety-like behavior and decreased frontal cortex Il1b expression. DISCUSSION While the combination of chronic stress and hyperglycemia produced limited additive effects, their combination exacerbated total symptom burden. Overall, the data indicate that stress and hyperglycemia induce different symptom profiles via distinct mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riley G McCready
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Kayla R Gilley
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Laura E Kusumo
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Grace M Hall
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Elisabeth G Vichaya
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
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13
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Fuentes-Verdugo E, López-Tolsa GE, Pascual R, Pellón R. Environmental enrichment accelerates the acquisition of schedule-induced drinking in rats. Behav Processes 2023; 212:104934. [PMID: 37659684 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2023.104934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Environmental enrichment (EE) provides an improvement in the housing conditions of experimental animals, such as laboratory rats, with greater physical and social stimulation through toys and company in the home cages. Its use is known to influence performance of experimental protocols, but these effects have not been well determined in the schedule-induced drinking (SID) procedure. The main goal of this study was to investigate the effects of EE on the acquisition of SID in 24 12-week-old male Wistar rats, divided into two groups, a group with EE housed with toys and companions, and a group without enrichment in individual housing conditions without toys (social isolation and no environmental enrichment, INEE). A total of 25 sessions, under a fixed time 30 s food reinforcement schedule and with access to water in the experimental chambers were carried out. Sessions lasted 30 min. The results showed that the EE group developed faster the excessive drinking pattern of SID, and drank to higher levels, than the INEE group. The greater development of SID in the EE group contradicts the view of schedule-induced behavior as linked to stress reduction and better suits with the conception of induction related to positive reinforcement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmeralda Fuentes-Verdugo
- Animal Learning and Behavior Laboratory, School of Psychology, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gabriela E López-Tolsa
- Animal Learning and Behavior Laboratory, School of Psychology, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Pascual
- Animal Learning and Behavior Laboratory, School of Psychology, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Pellón
- Animal Learning and Behavior Laboratory, School of Psychology, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain.
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14
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Koto A, Tamura M, Wong PS, Aburatani S, Privman E, Stoffel C, Crespi A, McKenzie SK, La Mendola C, Kay T, Keller L. Social isolation shortens lifespan through oxidative stress in ants. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5493. [PMID: 37758727 PMCID: PMC10533837 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41140-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Social isolation negatively affects health, induces detrimental behaviors, and shortens lifespan in social species. Little is known about the mechanisms underpinning these effects because model species are typically short-lived and non-social. Using colonies of the carpenter ant Camponotus fellah, we show that social isolation induces hyperactivity, alters space-use, and reduces lifespan via changes in the expression of genes with key roles in oxidation-reduction and an associated accumulation of reactive oxygen species. These physiological effects are localized to the fat body and oenocytes, which perform liver-like functions in insects. We use pharmacological manipulations to demonstrate that the oxidation-reduction pathway causally underpins the detrimental effects of social isolation on behavior and lifespan. These findings have important implications for our understanding of how social isolation affects behavior and lifespan in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Koto
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, 305-8566, Ibaraki, Japan.
- Computational Bio Big Data Open Innovation Laboratory (CBBD-OIL), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, 305-8566, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Makoto Tamura
- NeuroDiscovery Lab, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma America, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Pui Shan Wong
- Computational Bio Big Data Open Innovation Laboratory (CBBD-OIL), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, 305-8566, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Sachiyo Aburatani
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, 305-8566, Ibaraki, Japan
- Computational Bio Big Data Open Innovation Laboratory (CBBD-OIL), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, 305-8566, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Eyal Privman
- University of Haifa, Institute of Evolution, Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, Haifa, 3498838, Israel
| | - Céline Stoffel
- University of Lausanne, Department of Ecology and Evolution, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Crespi
- Biorobotics Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Sean Keane McKenzie
- University of Lausanne, Department of Ecology and Evolution, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Christine La Mendola
- University of Lausanne, Department of Ecology and Evolution, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Tomas Kay
- University of Lausanne, Department of Ecology and Evolution, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Keller
- University of Lausanne, Department of Ecology and Evolution, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland.
- Social Evolution Unit, Cornuit 8, BP 855, Chesières, CH-1885, Switzerland.
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15
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Lai NHY, Mohd Zahir IA, Liew AKY, Ogawa S, Parhar I, Soga T. Teleosts as behaviour test models for social stress. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1205175. [PMID: 37744951 PMCID: PMC10512554 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1205175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress is an important aspect of our everyday life and exposure to it is an unavoidable occurrence. In humans, this can come in the form of social stress or physical stress from an injury. Studies in animal models have helped researchers to understand the body's adaptive response to stress in human. Notably, the use of behavioural tests in animal models plays a pivotal role in understanding the neural, endocrine and behavioural changes induced by social stress. Under socially stressed conditions, behavioural parameters are often measured physiological and molecular parameters as changes in behaviour are direct responses to stress and are easily assessed by behavioural tests. Throughout the past few decades, the rodent model has been used as a well-established animal model for stress and behavioural changes. Recently, more attention has been drawn towards using fish as an animal model. Common fish models such as zebrafish, medaka, and African cichlids have the advantage of a higher rate of reproduction, easier handling techniques, sociability and most importantly, share evolutionary conserved genetic make-up, neural circuitry, neuropeptide molecular structure and function with mammalian species. In fact, some fish species exhibit a clear diurnal or seasonal rhythmicity in their stress response, similar to humans, as opposed to rodents. Various social stress models have been established in fish including but not limited to chronic social defeat stress, social stress avoidance, and social stress-related decision-making. The huge variety of behavioural patterns in teleost also aids in the study of more behavioural phenotypes than the mammalian species. In this review, we focus on the use of fish models as alternative models to study the effects of stress on different types of behaviours. Finally, fish behavioural tests against the typical mammalian model-based behavioural test are compared and discussed for their viability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Tomoko Soga
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
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16
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Wilson C, Gattuso JJ, Hannan AJ, Renoir T. Mechanisms of pathogenesis and environmental moderators in preclinical models of compulsive-like behaviours. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 185:106223. [PMID: 37423502 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders (OCRD) is an emergent class of psychiatric illnesses that contributes substantially to the global mental health disease burden. In particular, the prototypical illness, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), has a profoundly deleterious effect on the quality of life of those with lived experience. Both clinical and preclinical studies have investigated the genetic and environmental influences contributing to the pathogenesis of obsessive-compulsive and related disorders. Significant progress has been made in recent years in our understanding of the genetics of OCD, along with the critical role of common environmental triggers (e.g., stress). Some of this progress can be attributed to the sophistication of rodent models used in the field, particularly genetic mutant models, which demonstrate promising construct, face, and predictive validity. However, there is a paucity of studies investigating how these genetic and environmental influences interact to precipitate the behavioural, cellular, and molecular changes that occur in OCD. In this review, we assert that preclinical studies offer a unique opportunity to carefully manipulate environmental and genetic factors, and in turn to interrogate gene-environment interactions and relevant downstream sequelae. Such studies may serve to provide a mechanistic framework to build our understanding of the pathogenesis of complex neuropsychiatric disorders such as OCD. Furthermore, understanding gene-environment interactions and pathogenic mechanisms will facilitate precision medicine and other future approaches to enhance treatment, reduce side-effects of therapeutic interventions, and improve the lives of those suffering from these devastating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carey Wilson
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - James J Gattuso
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Anthony J Hannan
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Thibault Renoir
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
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17
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Zheng C, Wei L, Liu B, Wang Q, Huang Y, Wang S, Li X, Gong H, Wang Z. Dorsal BNST DRD2 + neurons mediate sex-specific anxiety-like behavior induced by chronic social isolation. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112799. [PMID: 37453056 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The dorsal bed nucleus of stria terminalis (dBNST) is a pivotal hub for stress response modulation. Dysfunction of dopamine (DA) network is associated with chronic stress, but the roles of DA network of dBNST in chronic stress-induced emotional disorders remain unclear. We examine the role of dBNST Drd1+ and Drd2+ neurons in post-weaning social isolation (PWSI)-induced behavior deficits. We find that male, but not female, PWSI rats exhibit negative emotional phenotypes and the increase of excitability and E-I balance of dBNST Drd2+ neurons. More importantly, hypofunction of dBNST Drd2 receptor underlies PWSI-stress-induced male-specific neuronal plasticity change of dBNST Drd2+ neurons. Furthermore, chemogenetic activation of dBNST Drd2+ neurons is sufficient to induce anxiogenic effects, while Kir4.1-mediated chronic inhibition of dBNST Drd2+ neurons ameliorate PWSI-induced anxiety-like behaviors. Our findings reveal an important neural mechanism underlying PWSI-induced sex-specific behavioral abnormalities and potentially provide a target for the treatment of social stress-related emotional disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaowen Zheng
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Core Facilities Sharing Platform, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Lei Wei
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Boyi Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qingxiu Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yanwang Huang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shangyi Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiangning Li
- Research Unit of Multimodal Cross Scale Neural Signal Detection and Imaging, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, JITRI, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Hui Gong
- Research Unit of Multimodal Cross Scale Neural Signal Detection and Imaging, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, JITRI, Suzhou 215000, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zuoren Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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18
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Clarkson JM, Martin JE, Sparrey J, Leach MC, McKeegan DEF. Striving for humane deaths for laboratory mice: hypobaric hypoxia provides a potential alternative to carbon dioxide exposure. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20222446. [PMID: 37122253 PMCID: PMC10130715 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.2446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Killing is often an unavoidable and necessary procedure for laboratory mice involved in scientific research, and providing a humane death is vital for public acceptance. Exposure to carbon dioxide (CO2) gas is the most widely used methodology despite well proven welfare concerns. Consequently, the continued use of CO2 and its globally permitted status in legislation and guidelines presents an ethical dilemma for users. We investigated whether killing with hypobaric hypoxia via gradual decompression was associated with better welfare outcomes for killing laboratory mice. We compared the spontaneous behaviour of mice exposed to CO2, decompression or sham conditions, and used analgesic or anxiolytic interventions to determine their relative welfare impact. Gradual decompression resulted in longer times to unconsciousness and death and the pharmacological interventions support the notion of a minimally negative animal experience, while providing further evidence for pain and anxiety associated with exposure to CO2. Decompression resulted in moderate ear haemorrhage, but our welfare assessment suggests this may happen when mice are unconscious. Hence, gradual decompression could be the basis of significant refinement for killing laboratory mice. Future work should corroborate behaviour with neurobiological markers of loss of consciousness to verify the conscious phase of concern for animal welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Clarkson
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- School for Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - J E Martin
- School for Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J Sparrey
- Livetec Systems Ltd, Wrest Park, Silsoe, Bedford, UK
| | - M C Leach
- Comparative Biology Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - D E F McKeegan
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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19
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Cheng YT, Woo J, Luna-Figueroa E, Maleki E, Harmanci AS, Deneen B. Social deprivation induces astrocytic TRPA1-GABA suppression of hippocampal circuits. Neuron 2023; 111:1301-1315.e5. [PMID: 36787749 PMCID: PMC10121837 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Social experience is essential for the development and maintenance of higher-order brain function. Social deprivation results in a host of cognitive deficits, and cellular studies have largely focused on associated neuronal dysregulation; how astrocyte function is impacted by social deprivation is unknown. Here, we show that hippocampal astrocytes from juvenile mice subjected to social isolation exhibit increased Ca2+ activity and global changes in gene expression. We found that the Ca2+ channel TRPA1 is upregulated in astrocytes after social deprivation and astrocyte-specific deletion of TRPA1 reverses the physiological and cognitive deficits associated with social deprivation. Mechanistically, TRPA1 inhibition of hippocampal circuits is mediated by a parallel increase of astrocytic production and release of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA after social deprivation. Collectively, our studies reveal how astrocyte function is tuned to social experience and identifies a social-context-specific mechanism by which astrocytic TRPA1 and GABA coordinately suppress hippocampal circuit function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Cheng
- Center for Cancer Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Junsung Woo
- Center for Cancer Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Estefania Luna-Figueroa
- Center for Cancer Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ehson Maleki
- Center for Cancer Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Benjamin Deneen
- Center for Cancer Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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20
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Mazrooei Z, Dehkordi HT, Shahraki MH, Lorigooini Z, Zarean E, Amini-khoei H. Ellagic acid through attenuation of neuro-inflammatory response exerted antidepressant-like effects in socially isolated mice. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15550. [PMID: 37151621 PMCID: PMC10161705 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have been demonstrated that neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of depression. Therefore, anti-inflammatory medications could be regarded as a potentially effective treatments for depression. Ellagic acid (EA) is a natural polyphenol with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to evaluate the antidepressant-like effect of EA in a mouse model of social isolation stress (SIS), considering its potential anti-neuroinflammatory properties. In this study, 48 male mice were divided into six groups (n = 8), including saline-treated control (socially conditioned (SC)) group and SIS (isolation conditioned (IC)) groups treated with saline or EA at doses of 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg, respectively. Saline and EA were administrated intraperitoneally for 14 constant days. Immobility time in the forced swimming test (FST) and grooming activity time in the splash test were measured. The gene expression of inflammatory cytokines relevant to neuroinflammation was assessed in the hippocampus by real-time PCR. Results showed that SIS significantly increased immobility time in the FST and reduced grooming activity time in the splash test. In addition, the expression of inflammatory genes, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and TLR4 increased in IC mice's hippocampi. Findings showed that EA decreased immobility time in the FST and increased grooming activity time in the splash test. Moreover, EA attenuated neuroimmune-response in the hippocampus. In conclusion, finding determined that EA, through attenuation of neuroinflammation in the hippocampus, partially at least, exerted an antidepressant-like effect in the mouse model of SIS.
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21
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Mancini GF, Meijer OC, Campolongo P. Stress in adolescence as a first hit in stress-related disease development: Timing and context are crucial. Front Neuroendocrinol 2023; 69:101065. [PMID: 37001566 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2023.101065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
The two-hit stress model predicts that exposure to stress at two different time-points in life may increase or decrease the risk of developing stress-related disorders later in life. Most studies based on the two-hit stress model have investigated early postnatal stress as the first hit with adult stress as the second hit. Adolescence, however, represents another highly sensitive developmental window during which exposure to stressful events may affect programming outcomes following exposure to stress in adulthood. Here, we discuss the programming effects of different types of stressors (social and nonsocial) occurring during adolescence (first hit) and how such stressors affect the responsiveness toward an additional stressor occurring during adulthood (second hit) in rodents. We then provide a comprehensive overview of the potential mechanisms underlying interindividual and sex differences in the resilience/susceptibility to developing stress-related disorders later in life when stress is experienced in two different life stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia F Mancini
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Onno C Meijer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Patrizia Campolongo
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy.
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22
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Hosseini E, Kianifard D. Effect of prenatal stress and extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields on anxiety-like behavior in female rats: With an emphasis on prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e2949. [PMID: 36942730 PMCID: PMC10097060 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prenatal stress (PS) is a problematic situation resulting in psychological implications such as social anxiety. Ubiquitous extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) have been confirmed as a potential physiological stressor; however, useful neuroregenerative effect of these types of electromagnetic fields has also frequently been reported. The aim of the present study was to survey the interaction of PS and ELF-EMF on anxiety-like behavior. METHOD A total of 24 female rats 40 days of age were distributed into four groups of 6 rats each: control, stress (their mothers were exposed to stress), EMF (their mothers underwent to ELF-EMF), and EMF/stress (their mothers concurrently underwent to stress and ELF-EMF). The rats were assayed using elevated plus-maze and open field tests. RESULTS Expressions of the hippocampus GAP-43, BDNF, and caspase-3 (cas-3) were detected by immunohistochemistry in Cornu Ammonis 1 (CA1) and dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC). Anxiety-like behavior increased in all treatment groups. Rats in the EMF/stress group presented more serious anxiety-like behavior. In all treatment groups, upregulated expression of cas-3 was seen in PFC, DG, and CA1 and downregulated expression of BDNF and GAP-43 was seen in PFC and DG and the CA1. Histomorphological study showed vast neurodegenerative changes in the hippocampus and PFC. CONCLUSION The results showed ,female rats that underwent PS or/and EMF exhibited critical anxiety-like behavior and this process may be attributed to neurodegeneration in PFC and DG of the hippocampus and possibly decreased synaptic plasticity so-called areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Hosseini
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Division of Physiology, Department of basic science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Davoud Kianifard
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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Vu AP, Lam D, Denney C, Lee KV, Plemel JR, Jackson J. Social isolation produces a sex- and brain region-specific alteration of microglia state. Eur J Neurosci 2023; 57:1481-1497. [PMID: 36918398 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Social isolation is a profound form of psychological stress that impacts the mental health of a large proportion of society. Other experimental models of stress have demonstrated a microglia response that serves either a protective or pathological function. However, the effect of adult social isolation on microglia has not been thoroughly investigated. We measured microglia territory, branching, end points and phagocytic-lysosomal activity in group housed C57Bl/6 mice and mice that were socially isolated for 2 weeks. Our results show that the dorsomedial hypothalamus and hippocampal CA2 region of adult male mice undergo increased microglia volume, territory and endpoints following social isolation, whereas females exhibit this increase in the hypothalamus only. Males exhibited decreases in the phagocytic-lysosomal marker CD68 in microglia in these regions, whereas females showed an increase in CD68 in the hypothalamus suggesting sexually dimorphic and brain region-specific change in microglia state in response to social isolation. The prefrontal cortex, central amygdala, nucleus accumbens shell and visual cortex did not exhibit changes in microglia structure in either male or female mice. These data show that microglia in different brain regions undergo a distinct response to social isolation which may account for changes in cognition and behaviour associated with this prevalent form of psychological stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex P Vu
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - David Lam
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Cayla Denney
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kelly V Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jason R Plemel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jesse Jackson
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Chronic seizures induce sex-specific cognitive deficits with loss of presenilin 2 function. Exp Neurol 2023; 361:114321. [PMID: 36634751 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Patients with early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) are at elevated risk for seizures, including patients with presenilin 2 (PSEN2) variants. Like people with epilepsy, uncontrolled seizures may worsen cognitive function in AD. While the relationship between seizures and amyloid beta accumulation has been more thoroughly investigated, the role of other drivers of seizure susceptibility in EOAD remain relatively understudied. We therefore sought to define the impact of loss of normal PSEN2 function and chronic seizures on cognitive function in the aged brain. Male and female PSEN2 KO and age- and sex-matched wild-type (WT) mice were sham or corneal kindled beginning at 6-months-old. Kindled and sham-kindled mice were then challenged up to 6 weeks later in a battery of cognitive tests: non-habituated open field (OF), T-maze spontaneous alternation (TM), and Barnes maze (BM), followed by immunohistochemistry for markers of neuroinflammation and neuroplasticity. PSEN2 KO mice required significantly more stimulations to kindle (males: p < 0.02; females: p < 0.02) versus WT. Across a range of behavioral tests, the cognitive performance of kindled female PSEN2 KO mice was most significantly impaired versus age-matched WT females. Male BM performance was generally worsened by seizures (p = 0.038), but loss of PSEN2 function did not itself worsen cognitive performance. Conversely, kindled PSEN2 KO females made the most BM errors (p = 0.007). Chronic seizures also significantly altered expression of hippocampal neuroinflammation and neuroplasticity markers in a sex-specific manner. Chronic seizures may thus significantly worsen hippocampus-dependent cognitive deficits in aged female, but not male, PSEN2 KO mice. Our work suggests that untreated focal seizures may worsen cognitive burden with loss of normal PSEN2 function in a sex-related manner.
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Si L, Xiao L, Xie Y, Xu H, Yuan G, Xu W, Wang G. Social isolation after chronic unpredictable mild stress perpetuates depressive-like behaviors, memory deficits and social withdrawal via inhibiting ERK/KEAP1/NRF2 signaling. J Affect Disord 2023; 324:576-588. [PMID: 36584714 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.12.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social withdrawal in patients with depression can aggravate depressive symptoms. However, few studies focus on the behavioral changes of social isolation after CUMS. NRF2 had been reported to be down-regulated after CUMS. But whether NRF2 participates in behavioral changes induced by social isolation after CUMS remains unclear. This study aims to develop a new model combined social isolation with CUMS, and investigate whether such behavioral changes are related to NRF2 signaling. METHODS This study included two stages. In Stage 1, rats were subjected to 4-week CUMS and CUMS-susceptible rats were selected. In Stage 2, the CUMS-susceptible rats received 4-week social isolation or social support. Behavioral tests were carried out to observe behavioral changes, including sucrose preference test, forced swimming test, open field test, novel object recognition and social interaction test. QRT-PCR, western blot and immunofluorescence staining detected the ERK/KEAP1/NRF2 signaling. RESULTS CUMS-susceptible rats exhibited depressive-like behaviors accompanied by the down-regulated ERK/KEAP1/NRF2 signaling in hippocampus. In Stage 2, compared with 4-week social support (group CUMSG), 4-week social isolation (group CUMSI) perpetuated the depressive-like behaviors, memory deficits and social withdrawal in CUMS-susceptible rats, as well as lower levels of p-ERK, NRF2, p-NRF2, HO-1 and NQO1, and the higher levels of KEAP1 in hippocampus. CONCLUSION These findings suggested that social isolation after CUMS perpetuated depressive-like behaviors, memory deficits and social withdrawal via inhibiting ERK/KEAP1/NRF2 signaling. This study provided molecular evidence for the effects of post-stress social isolation on mental health, and the antioxidant stress signaling might be a target to rescue these.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujia Si
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ling Xiao
- Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Neuropsychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinping Xie
- Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Neuropsychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Guohao Yuan
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqian Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaohua Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Neuropsychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China; Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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Sancho-Balsells A, Borràs-Pernas S, Brito V, Alberch J, Girault JA, Giralt A. Cognitive and Emotional Symptoms Induced by Chronic Stress Are Regulated by EGR1 in a Subpopulation of Hippocampal Pyramidal Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043833. [PMID: 36835243 PMCID: PMC9962724 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress is a core risk factor for developing a myriad of neurological disorders, including major depression. The chronicity of such stress can lead to adaptive responses or, on the contrary, to psychological maladaptation. The hippocampus is one of the most affected brain regions displaying functional changes in chronic stress. Egr1, a transcription factor involved in synaptic plasticity, is a key molecule regulating hippocampal function, but its role in stress-induced sequels has been poorly addressed. Emotional and cognitive symptoms were induced in mice by using the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) protocol. We used inducible double-mutant Egr1-CreERT2 x R26RCE mice to map the formation of Egr1-dependent activated cells. Results show that short- (2 days) or long-term (28 days) stress protocols in mice induce activation or deactivation, respectively, of hippocampal CA1 neural ensembles in an Egr1-activity-dependent fashion, together with an associated dendritic spine pathology. In-depth characterization of these neural ensembles revealed a deep-to-superficial switch in terms of Egr1-dependent activation of CA1 pyramidal neurons. To specifically manipulate deep and superficial pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus, we then used Chrna7-Cre (to express Cre in deep neurons) and Calb1-Cre mice (to express Cre in superficial neurons). We found that specific manipulation of superficial but not deep pyramidal neurons of the CA1 resulted in the amelioration of depressive-like behaviors and the restoration of cognitive impairments induced by chronic stress. In summary, Egr1 might be a core molecule driving the activation/deactivation of hippocampal neuronal subpopulations underlying stress-induced alterations involving emotional and cognitive sequels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sancho-Balsells
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Borràs-Pernas
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Verónica Brito
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Alberch
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies (Creatio), Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jean-Antoine Girault
- Inserm UMR-S 1270, 75005 Paris, France
- Science and Engineering Faculty, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Albert Giralt
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies (Creatio), Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-934037980
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Lei HC, Parker KE, Yuede CM, McCall JG, Imai SI. Aging reduces motivation through decreased Bdnf expression in the ventral tegmental area. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.19.524624. [PMID: 36711943 PMCID: PMC9882313 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.19.524624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Age-associated reduced motivation is a hallmark of neuropsychiatric disorders in the elderly. In our rapidly aging societies, it is critical to keep motivation levels high enough to promote healthspan and lifespan. However, how motivation is reduced during aging remains unknown. Here, we used multiple mouse models to evaluate motivation and related affective states in young and old mice. We also compared the effect of social isolation, a common stressor, to those of aging. We found that both social isolation and aging decreased motivation in mice, but that Bdnf expression in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) was selectively decreased during aging. Furthermore, VTA-specific Bdnf knockdown in young mice recapitulated reduced motivation observed in old mice. These results demonstrate that maintaining Bdnf expression in the VTA could promote motivation to engage in effortful activities and potentially prevent age-associated neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Understanding the Role of Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation and Abnormal Myelination in Excessive Aggression Associated with Depression: Recent Input from Mechanistic Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24020915. [PMID: 36674429 PMCID: PMC9861430 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24020915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aggression and deficient cognitive control problems are widespread in psychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD). These abnormalities are known to contribute significantly to the accompanying functional impairment and the global burden of disease. Progress in the development of targeted treatments of excessive aggression and accompanying symptoms has been limited, and there exists a major unmet need to develop more efficacious treatments for depressed patients. Due to the complex nature and the clinical heterogeneity of MDD and the lack of precise knowledge regarding its pathophysiology, effective management is challenging. Nonetheless, the aetiology and pathophysiology of MDD has been the subject of extensive research and there is a vast body of the latest literature that points to new mechanisms for this disorder. Here, we overview the key mechanisms, which include neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, insulin receptor signalling and abnormal myelination. We discuss the hypotheses that have been proposed to unify these processes, as many of these pathways are integrated for the neurobiology of MDD. We also describe the current translational approaches in modelling depression, including the recent advances in stress models of MDD, and emerging novel therapies, including novel approaches to management of excessive aggression, such as anti-diabetic drugs, antioxidant treatment and herbal compositions.
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Moskaliuk VS, Kozhemyakina RV, Khomenko TM, Volcho KP, Salakhutdinov NF, Kulikov AV, Naumenko VS, Kulikova EA. On Associations between Fear-Induced Aggression, Bdnf Transcripts, and Serotonin Receptors in the Brains of Norway Rats: An Influence of Antiaggressive Drug TC-2153. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24020983. [PMID: 36674499 PMCID: PMC9867021 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24020983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Bdnf (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) gene contains eight regulatory exons (I-VIII) alternatively spliced to the protein-coding exon IX. Only exons I, II, IV, and VI are relatively well studied. The BDNF system and brain serotonergic system are tightly interconnected and associated with aggression. The benzopentathiepine TC-2153 affects both systems and exerts antiaggressive action. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of TC-2153 on the Bdnf exons I-IX's expressions and serotonin receptors' mRNA levels in the brain of rats featuring high aggression toward humans (aggressive) or its absence (tame). Aggressive and tame adult male rats were treated once with vehicle or 10 or 20 mg/kg of TC-2153. mRNA was quantified in the cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and midbrain with real-time PCR. Selective breeding for high aggression or its absence affected the serotonin receptors' and Bdnf exons' transcripts differentially, depending on the genotype (strain) and brain region. TC-2153 had comprehensive effects on the Bdnf exons' expressions. The main trend was downregulation in the hypothalamus and midbrain. TC-2153 increased 5-HT1B receptor hypothalamusc mRNA expression. For the first time, an influence of TC-2153 on the expressions of Bdnf regulatory exons and the 5-HT1B receptor was shown, as was an association between Bdnf regulatory exons and fear-induced aggression involving genetic predisposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitalii S. Moskaliuk
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), 10 Akad. Lavrentyeva Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Rimma V. Kozhemyakina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), 10 Akad. Lavrentyeva Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Tatyana M. Khomenko
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, SB RAS, 9 Akad. Lavrentieva Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Konstantin P. Volcho
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, SB RAS, 9 Akad. Lavrentieva Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nariman F. Salakhutdinov
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, SB RAS, 9 Akad. Lavrentieva Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexander V. Kulikov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), 10 Akad. Lavrentyeva Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Vladimir S. Naumenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), 10 Akad. Lavrentyeva Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elizabeth A. Kulikova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), 10 Akad. Lavrentyeva Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Correspondence:
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Shirenova SD, Khlebnikova NN, Krupina NA. Changes in Sociability and Preference for Social Novelty in Female Rats in Prolonged Social Isolation. NEUROSCIENCE AND BEHAVIORAL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 53:103-118. [PMID: 36969361 PMCID: PMC10006548 DOI: 10.1007/s11055-023-01395-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Chronic stress due to social isolation (SI) can lead to distress with negative consequences for both humans and animals. Numerous disorders caused by SI include disorders in the emotional-motivational domain and cognitive functions, as well as changes in social behavior. There are currently no data identifying the sequelae of SI when its duration is significantly increased. Although female rats have been shown to be highly sensitive to stress, research on them is lacking. The present study assessed sociability and preference for “social novelty” in a three-chamber social test in female Wistar rats in two series of experiments at different time points during prolonged SI, which began at adolescence and continued to ages 5.5 and 9.5 months. At two months of SI, rats showed an increased preference for a social object over a non-social object (increased sociability) simultaneously with the appearance of signs of a decrease in the preference for a new social object over an already familiar social object (signs of a decrease in the preference for social novelty). In a social interaction test, the rats also displayed increases in the durations of social contacts, including aggressive interactions; they showed a decrease in exploratory risk assessments (head dips from the open arms) in the elevated plus maze test and a decrease in exploratory activity. After SI lasting 8.5 months, the rats showed signs of social deficit and a marked decrease in the preference for social novelty. No signs of increased aggressiveness were found. Thus, the impact of SI on social behavior depended on its duration and, we believe, was accompanied by a change in coping strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. D. Shirenova
- grid.466466.0Research Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - N. N. Khlebnikova
- grid.466466.0Research Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - N. A. Krupina
- grid.466466.0Research Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
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Hoglund BK, Carfagno V, Olive MF, Leyrer-Jackson JM. Metabotropic glutamate receptors and cognition: From underlying plasticity and neuroprotection to cognitive disorders and therapeutic targets. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 168:367-413. [PMID: 36868635 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors are G protein-coupled receptors that play pivotal roles in mediating the activity of neurons and other cell types within the brain, communication between cell types, synaptic plasticity, and gene expression. As such, these receptors play an important role in a number of cognitive processes. In this chapter, we discuss the role of mGlu receptors in various forms of cognition and their underlying physiology, with an emphasis on cognitive dysfunction. Specifically, we highlight evidence that links mGlu physiology to cognitive dysfunction across brain disorders including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Fragile X syndrome, post-traumatic stress disorder, and schizophrenia. We also provide recent evidence demonstrating that mGlu receptors may elicit neuroprotective effects in particular disease states. Lastly, we discuss how mGlu receptors can be targeted utilizing positive and negative allosteric modulators as well as subtype specific agonists and antagonist to restore cognitive function across these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon K Hoglund
- Department of Medical Education, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Vincent Carfagno
- School of Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, United States
| | - M Foster Olive
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Jonna M Leyrer-Jackson
- Department of Medical Education, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Phoenix, AZ, United States.
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Lin QS, Wang Y, Lin MH, Li YX, Chen P. WITHDRAWN: The cerebrospinal fluid-contacting nucleus contributes to depression- like behaviors via MKP-1 in rats. J Affect Disord 2022:S0165-0327(22)01378-7. [PMID: 36521668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Song Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Binhai Branch of National Regional Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350209, Fujian, China; Fujian Provincial Institutes of Brain Disorders and Brain Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, China; Fujian Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Cancer, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology Research Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | | | - Yu-Xi Li
- Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology Research Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
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Akinbo OI, McNeal N, Hylin M, Hite N, Dagner A, Grippo AJ. The Influence of Environmental Enrichment on Affective and Neural Consequences of Social Isolation Across Development. AFFECTIVE SCIENCE 2022; 3:713-733. [PMID: 36519141 PMCID: PMC9743881 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-022-00131-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Social stress is associated with depression and anxiety, physiological disruptions, and altered brain morphology in central stress circuitry across development. Environmental enrichment strategies may improve responses to social stress. Socially monogamous prairie voles exhibit analogous social and emotion-related behaviors to humans, with potential translational insight into interactions of social stress, age, and environmental enrichment. This study explored the effects of social isolation and environmental enrichment on behaviors related to depression and anxiety, physiological indicators of stress, and dendritic structural changes in amygdala and hippocampal subregions in young adult and aging prairie voles. Forty-nine male prairie voles were assigned to one of six groups divided by age (young adult vs. aging), social structure (paired vs. isolated), and housing environment (enriched vs. non-enriched). Following 4 weeks of these conditions, behaviors related to depression and anxiety were investigated in the forced swim test and elevated plus maze, body and adrenal weights were evaluated, and dendritic morphology analyses were conducted in hippocampus and amygdala subregions. Environmental enrichment decreased immobility duration in the forced swim test, increased open arm exploration in the elevated plus maze, and reduced adrenal/body weight ratio in aging and young adult prairie voles. Age and social isolation influenced dendritic morphology in the basolateral amygdala. Age, but not social isolation, influenced dendritic morphology in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Environmental enrichment did not influence dendritic morphology in either brain region. These data may inform interventions to reduce the effects of social stressors and age-related central changes associated with affective behavioral consequences in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oreoluwa I. Akinbo
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115 USA
| | - Neal McNeal
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115 USA
| | - Michael Hylin
- Department of Psychology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA
| | - Natalee Hite
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Ashley Dagner
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115 USA
| | - Angela J. Grippo
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115 USA
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Transcriptomic Studies of Antidepressant Action in Rodent Models of Depression: A First Meta-Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113543. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Antidepressants (ADs) are, for now, the best everyday treatment we have for moderate to severe major depressive episodes (MDEs). ADs are among the most prescribed drugs in the Western Hemisphere; however, the trial-and-error prescription strategy and side-effects leave a lot to be desired. More than 60% of patients suffering from major depression fail to respond to the first AD they are prescribed. For those who respond, full response is only observed after several weeks of treatment. In addition, there are no biomarkers that could help with therapeutic decisions; meanwhile, this is already true in cancer and other fields of medicine. For years, many investigators have been working to decipher the underlying mechanisms of AD response. Here, we provide the first systematic review of animal models. We thoroughly searched all the studies involving rodents, profiling transcriptomic alterations consecutive to AD treatment in naïve animals or in animals subjected to stress-induced models of depression. We have been confronted by an important heterogeneity regarding the drugs and the experimental settings. Thus, we perform a meta-analysis of the AD signature of fluoxetine (FLX) in the hippocampus, the most studied target. Among genes and pathways consistently modulated across species, we identify both old players of AD action and novel transcriptional biomarker candidates that warrant further investigation. We discuss the most prominent transcripts (immediate early genes and activity-dependent synaptic plasticity pathways). We also stress the need for systematic studies of AD action in animal models that span across sex, peripheral and central tissues, and pharmacological classes.
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Helman TJ, Headrick JP, Vider J, Peart JN, Stapelberg NJC. Sex-specific behavioral, neurobiological, and cardiovascular responses to chronic social stress in mice. J Neurosci Res 2022; 100:2004-2027. [PMID: 36059192 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Psychosocial stress promotes and links mood and cardiovascular disorders in a sex-specific manner. However, findings in animal models are equivocal, in some cases opposing human dimorphisms. We examined central nervous system (CNS), behavioral, endocrine, cardiac, and hepatic outcomes in male or female C57Bl/6 mice subjected to chronic social stress (56 days of social isolation, with intermittent social confrontation encounters twice daily throughout the final 20 days). Females exhibited distinct physiological and behavioral changes, including relative weight loss, and increases in coronary resistance, hepatic inflammation, and thigmotaxic behavior in the open field. Males evidence reductions in coronary resistance and cardiac ischemic tolerance, with increased circulating and hippocampal monoamine levels and emerging anhedonia. Shared CNS gene responses include reduced hippocampal Maoa and increased Htr1b expression, while unique responses include repression of hypothalamic Ntrk1 and upregulation of cortical Nrf2 and Htr1b in females; and repression of hippocampal Drd1 and hypothalamic Gabra1 and Oprm in males. Declining cardiac stress resistance in males was associated with repression of cardiac leptin levels and metabolic, mitochondrial biogenesis, and anti-inflammatory gene expression. These integrated data reveal distinct biological responses to social stress in males and females, and collectively evidence greater biological disruption or allostatic load in females (consistent with propensities to stress-related mood and cardiovascular disorders in humans). Distinct stress biology, and molecular to organ responses, emphasize the importance of sex-specific mechanisms and potential approaches to stress-dependent disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa J Helman
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - John P Headrick
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jelena Vider
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jason N Peart
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicolas J C Stapelberg
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia.,Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service, Southport, Queensland, Australia
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Dihydromyricetin ameliorates social isolation-induced anxiety by modulating mitochondrial function, antioxidant enzymes, and BDNF. Neurobiol Stress 2022; 21:100499. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2022.100499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Aquino GA, Sousa CNS, Medeiros IS, Almeida JC, Cysne Filho FMS, Santos Júnior MA, Vasconcelos SMM. Behavioral alterations, brain oxidative stress, and elevated levels of corticosterone associated with a pressure injury model in male mice. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2022; 33:789-801. [PMID: 34390639 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2021-0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sustained stress can cause physiological disruption in crucial systems like the endocrine, autonomic, and central nervous system. In general, skin damages are physical stress present in hospitalized patients. Also, these pressure injuries lead to pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the neurobiology of mood disorders. Here, we aimed to investigate the behavioral alterations, oxidative stress, and corticosterone levels in the brain areas of mice submitted to the model of pressure injury (PI). METHODS The male mice behaviors were assessed in the open field test (OFT), elevated plus maze test (EPM), tail suspension test (TST), and sucrose preference test (SPT). Then, we isolated the prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus (HP), and striatum (ST) by brain dissection. The nonprotein sulfhydryl groups (NP-SH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured in the brain, and also the plasma corticosterone levels were verified. RESULTS PI model decreased the locomotor activity of animals (p<0.05). Considering the EPM test, the PI group showed a decrease in the open arm activity (p<0.01), and an increase in the closed arm activity (p<0.05). PI group showed an increment in the immobility time (p<0.001), and reduced sucrose consumption (p<0.0001) compared to the control groups. Regarding the oxidative/nitrosative profile, all brain areas from the PI group exhibited a reduction in the NP-SH levels (p<0.0001-p<0.01), and an increase in the MDA level (p<0.001-p<0.01). Moreover, the PI male mice presented increased levels of plasma corticosterone (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the PI model induces depressive and anxiety-like behaviors. Furthermore, it induces pathophysiological mechanisms like the neurobiology of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel A Aquino
- Laboratório de Neuropsicofarmacologia, Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Caren N S Sousa
- Laboratório de Neuropsicofarmacologia, Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Ingridy S Medeiros
- Laboratório de Neuropsicofarmacologia, Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Jamily C Almeida
- Laboratório de Neuropsicofarmacologia, Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Francisco M S Cysne Filho
- Laboratório de Neuropsicofarmacologia, Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Manuel A Santos Júnior
- Laboratório de Neuropsicofarmacologia, Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Silvânia M M Vasconcelos
- Laboratório de Neuropsicofarmacologia, Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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Xue D, Zhang Y, Song Z, Jie X, Jia R, Zhu A. Integrated meta-analysis, data mining, and animal experiments to investigate the efficacy and potential pharmacological mechanism of a TCM tonic prescription, Jianpi Tongmai formula, in depression. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 105:154344. [PMID: 35932605 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a common psychiatric disorder and has become a growing public health issue. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) tonic prescriptions have been clinically proven to be an effective treatment for depression. PURPOSE This study aimed to identify the core prescription to improve depression among the numerous TCM tonic prescriptions. METHODS AND RESULTS First, we used meta-analysis to clarify the efficacy and safety of tonic prescriptions in depression among 37 studies and identified 16 effective tonic prescriptions. Second, we conducted data mining to analyze the tonic prescriptions and identified important nourishing herbs. Third, based on the data mining results, we constructed a Delphi experiment to investigate the effects of these important nourishing herbs in depression. Combining the results of Delphi expert questionnaires and weight analysis, a core TCM tonic prescription, Jianpi Tongmai formula (JPTMF) for the treatment of depression, was constructed and was composed of invigorating Spleen qi herbs. Fourth, we verified that JPTMF can improve chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) induced depression-like behaviors in mice. Fifth, we predicted that the mechanism of JPTMF in the treatment of depression was mainly associated with chemical synaptic transmission and neuroinflammation through network pharmacology and determined preliminary confirmation through animal experiments. CONCLUSION This study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of TCM tonic prescriptions on depression and construct a core TCM tonic prescription, JPTMF, through a progressive analysis. Network pharmacology and animal experiments verified the reliability of JPTMF. The proposal of JPTMF is of innovative significance, and may provide far-reaching implications for improving depression by using nourishing herbs. Furthermore, the integrated methods applied in this study provide an innovative paradigm for the standardization and scientific basis of TCM research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xue
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; Key Labortary of Blood-stasis-toxin Syndrome of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Yuhui Zhang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; Key Labortary of Blood-stasis-toxin Syndrome of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Zhujin Song
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; Key Labortary of Blood-stasis-toxin Syndrome of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Xiao Jie
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; Key Labortary of Blood-stasis-toxin Syndrome of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Ruiting Jia
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; Key Labortary of Blood-stasis-toxin Syndrome of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Aisong Zhu
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; Key Labortary of Blood-stasis-toxin Syndrome of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310053, China; Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for "Preventive Treatment" Smart Health of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310053, China.
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Grigoryan GA, Pavlova IV, Zaichenko MI. Effects of Social Isolation on the Development of Anxiety and Depression-Like Behavior in Model Experiments in Animals. NEUROSCIENCE AND BEHAVIORAL PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 52:722-738. [PMID: 36119650 PMCID: PMC9471030 DOI: 10.1007/s11055-022-01297-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This review describes the role of social isolation in the development of anxiety and depression-like behavior in rodents. The duration of social isolation, age from onset of social isolation, sex, species, and strain of animals, the nature of the model used, and other factors have been shown to have influences. The molecular-cellular mechanisms of development of anxiety and depression-like behavior under the influence of social isolation and the roles of the HHAS, oxidative and nitrosative stress, neuroinflammation, BDNF, neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, as well as monoamines in these mechanisms are discussed. This review presents data on sex differences in the effects of social isolation, along with the effects of interactions with other types of stress, and the roles of an enriched environment and other factors in ameliorating the negative sequelae of social isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. A. Grigoryan
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - I. V. Pavlova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - M. I. Zaichenko
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Helmy H, Hamid Sadik NA, Badawy L, Sayed NH. Mechanistic insights into the protective role of eugenol against stress-induced reproductive dysfunction in female rat model. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 367:110181. [PMID: 36108715 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The challenging and highly demanding life rhythm nowadays subjects people to unavoidable chronic stress. Chronic stress is associated with a wide array of serious health complications including neuroendocrine dysregulations. Women are more prone to chronic stress-related hormonal disturbances and their physical and psychological consequences, especially reproductive impairment. Eugenol is a natural phenolic anti-oxidant that has several beneficial biological activities. The current study intended to scrutinize the potential protective effect of eugenol in female Wistar rats exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). Rats were randomly allocated into 4 groups; group 1 received olive oil, group 2 received eugenol in olive oil, groups 3 and 4 were subjected to CUMS protocol for 8 weeks, with pre- and concomitant treatment with eugenol (50 mg/kg/day; p.o.) in group 4. The results showed that CUMS exposure led to weight loss and depressive-like behaviours. CUMS induced hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation with subsequent elevation of serum corticosterone level which, in turn, caused decline in ovarian release of estradiol and antimullerian hormones together with an increased production of follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones by the anterior pituitary, leading to reproductive disturbances. In ovaries, CUMS imposed oxidative stress, insulin resistance and molecular damage. Intriguingly, all these adverse effects were significantly mitigated by the administration of eugenol that improved animals' behaviours, corrected corticosterone upsurge, tempered hormonal disturbances, and amended ovarian damage. All biochemical results were further confirmed by hippocampal and ovarian histopathological examinations. In conclusion, the current study highlights the prophylactic role of eugenol against reproductive disturbances induced by chronic stress in female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hebatullah Helmy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | | | | | - Noha H Sayed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
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McWain MA, Pace RL, Nalan PA, Lester DB. Age-dependent effects of social isolation on mesolimbic dopamine release. Exp Brain Res 2022; 240:2803-2815. [PMID: 36057752 PMCID: PMC9440747 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-022-06449-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
In humans, social isolation is a known risk factor for disorders such as substance use disorder and depression. In rodents, social isolation is a commonly used environmental manipulation that increases the occurrence of behaviors related to these disorders. Age is thought to influence the effects of social isolation, but this predictive relationship is not well-understood. The present study aimed to determine the effects of social isolation on mesolimbic dopamine release at different developmental age points in mice. The experimental ages and their corresponding comparison to human age stages are as follows: 1 month = adolescence, 4 months = mature adulthood, 12 months = middle adulthood, and 18 months = older adult. Mice were socially isolated for 6 weeks during these developmental stages, then in vivo fixed potential amperometry with recording electrodes in the nucleus accumbens was used to measure stimulation-evoked dopamine release, the synaptic half-life of dopamine, dopamine autoreceptor functioning, and the dopaminergic response to cocaine. Isolation altered dopamine functioning in an age-dependent manner. Specifically, isolation increased dopamine release in the adult ages, but not adolescence, potentially due to increased inhibitory effects of dopamine autoreceptors following adolescent social isolation. Regarding the cocaine challenge, isolation increased dopaminergic responses to cocaine in adolescent mice, but not the adult mice. These findings have implications for clinical and experimental settings. Elucidating the relationship between age, social isolation, and neurochemical changes associated with substance use disorder and depression may lead to improvements in preventing and treating these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A McWain
- Department of Psychology, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, 38152-6400, USA
| | - Rachel L Pace
- Department of Psychology, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, 38152-6400, USA
| | - Patricia A Nalan
- Department of Psychology, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, 38152-6400, USA
| | - Deranda B Lester
- Department of Psychology, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, 38152-6400, USA.
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Tyler RE, Besheer J, Joffe ME. Advances in translating mGlu 2 and mGlu 3 receptor selective allosteric modulators as breakthrough treatments for affective disorders and alcohol use disorder. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2022; 219:173450. [PMID: 35988792 PMCID: PMC10405528 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2022.173450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors are promising targets for the treatment of affective disorders and alcohol use disorder (AUD). Nonspecific ligands for Group II (mGlu2 and mGlu3) mGlu receptors have demonstrated consistent therapeutic potential for affective disorders in preclinical models. Disentangling the specific roles of mGlu2 versus mGlu3 receptors in these effects has persisted as a major challenge, in part due to pharmacological limitations. However, the recent development of highly specific allosteric modulators for both mGlu2 and mGlu3 receptors have enabled straightforward and rigorous investigations into the specific function of each receptor. Here, we review recent experiments using these compounds that have demonstrated both similar and distinct receptor functions in behavioral, molecular, and electrophysiological measures associated with basal function and preclinical models of affective disorders. Studies using these selective drugs have demonstrated that mGlu2 is the predominant receptor subclass involved in presynaptic neurotransmitter release in prefrontal cortex. By contrast, the activation of postsynaptic mGlu3 receptors induces a cascade of cellular changes that results in AMPA receptor internalization, producing long-term depression and diminishing excitatory drive. Acute stress decreases the mGlu3 receptor function and dynamically alters transcript expression for both mGlu2 (Grm2) and mGlu3 (Grm3) receptors in brain areas involved in reward and stress. Accordingly, both mGlu2 and mGlu3 negative allosteric modulators show acute antidepressant-like effects and potential prophylactic effects against acute and traumatic stressors. The wide array of effects displayed by these new allosteric modulators of mGlu2 and mGlu3 receptors suggest that these drugs may act through improving endophenotypes of symptoms observed across several neuropsychiatric disorders. Therefore, recently developed allosteric modulators selective for mGlu2 or mGlu3 receptors show promise as potential therapeutics for affective disorders and AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan E Tyler
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Neuroscience Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Joyce Besheer
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Neuroscience Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Max E Joffe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Translational Neuroscience Program, University of Pittsburgh, USA.
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Casagrande BP, Ribeiro AM, Pisani LP, Estadella D. Hippocampal BDNF mediated anxiety-like behaviours induced by obesogenic diet withdrawal. Behav Brain Res 2022; 436:114077. [PMID: 36041572 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesogenic diets (ODs) consumption is associated with anxiety-like behaviour and negative changes in hippocampal BDNF. At the same time, interrupting OD intake, OD withdrawal (WTD), can bring health benefits, but previous studies reported the development of anxiety-like behaviours. The present work aimed to assess the relationship between anxiety-like behaviour with hippocampal BDNF in a WTD rodent model. Male Wistar rats (60d old) were fed a high-sugar/high-fat (HSHF) diet for 30d (n=32), and half of them were transitioned to a control diet for 48h (n=16) afterwards. The control group (n=16) was fed a control diet across the whole experiment. Besides increasing anxiety-like behaviours and lowering sociability, the WTD led to an increase in BDNF in the dentate gyrus and the CA1 of the hippocampus. It also decreased locomotor activity in both OF and EPM, however, they did not significantly interfere with the other behavioural parameters analysed. Western blotting analysis revealed that the increase in BDNF likely occurred in the mature forms (14kD monomer and 28kD dimer). The mediation models analyses suggested that the effect of WTD on anxiety-like behaviour was driven by hippocampal BDNF, this mediation of effect was region-dependent. Our results also suggested that mature BDNF forms (14kD and 28kD) were responsible. The present work brought light to a possible new role for mature BDNF, although it is generally associated with beneficial features, it can also be part of the genesis of anxiety-like behaviours and sociability aspects on WTD models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breno Picin Casagrande
- Biosciences Department, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, 1015-020, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Alessandra Mussi Ribeiro
- Biosciences Department, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, 1015-020, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Luciana Pellegrini Pisani
- Biosciences Department, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, 1015-020, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Debora Estadella
- Biosciences Department, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, 1015-020, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil.
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The differential effects of brief environmental enrichment following social isolation in rats. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE, & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 22:818-832. [PMID: 35199313 PMCID: PMC8865499 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-022-00989-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Hong I, Kaang B. The complexity of ventral CA1 and its multiple functionalities. GENES, BRAIN, AND BEHAVIOR 2022; 21:e12826. [PMID: 35815710 PMCID: PMC9744572 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampus is one of the most widely investigated brain regions with its massive contributions to multiple behaviours. Especially, the hippocampus is subdivided into the dorsal and ventral parts playing distinct roles. In this review, we will focus on the ventral hippocampus, especially the ventral CA1 (vCA1), whose role is being actively discovered. vCA1 is well known to be associated with emotion-like behaviour, in both positive (reward) and negative (aversive) stimuli. How can this small region in volume mediate such variety of responses? This question will be answered with technologies up to date that have allowed us to study in-depth the specific neural circuit and to map the complex connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilgang Hong
- School of Biological SciencesSeoul National UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Bong‐Kiun Kaang
- School of Biological SciencesSeoul National UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
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Luessen DJ, Conn PJ. Allosteric Modulators of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors as Novel Therapeutics for Neuropsychiatric Disease. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:630-661. [PMID: 35710132 PMCID: PMC9553119 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors, a family of G-protein-coupled receptors, have been identified as novel therapeutic targets based on extensive research supporting their diverse contributions to cell signaling and physiology throughout the nervous system and important roles in regulating complex behaviors, such as cognition, reward, and movement. Thus, targeting mGlu receptors may be a promising strategy for the treatment of several brain disorders. Ongoing advances in the discovery of subtype-selective allosteric modulators for mGlu receptors has provided an unprecedented opportunity for highly specific modulation of signaling by individual mGlu receptor subtypes in the brain by targeting sites distinct from orthosteric or endogenous ligand binding sites on mGlu receptors. These pharmacological agents provide the unparalleled opportunity to selectively regulate neuronal excitability, synaptic transmission, and subsequent behavioral output pertinent to many brain disorders. Here, we review preclinical and clinical evidence supporting the utility of mGlu receptor allosteric modulators as novel therapeutic approaches to treat neuropsychiatric diseases, such as schizophrenia, substance use disorders, and stress-related disorders.
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Keloglan Musuroglu S, Ozturk DM, Sahin L, Cevik OS, Cevik K. Environmental enrichment as a strategy: Attenuates the anxiety and memory impairment in social isolation stress. Int J Dev Neurosci 2022; 82:499-512. [PMID: 35724417 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social isolation (SI) early in life produces behavioral and cognitive abnormalities. On the contrary, environmental enrichment (EE) offers beneficial effects on brain plasticity and development. This study was designed to examine how EE affects memory functions, anxiety level, and the expression levels of memory/anxiety-related genes such as NR2A, NR2B, BDNF, and cFos in the hippocampus of socially isolated rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Wistar albino male rats (n = 40) were separated into the five groups: Standard cage (SC), SI, EE, SI + SC, and SI + EE group. For each group, eight rats were housed, either grouped or isolated, in a standard or 3-week EE, respectively. Morris water maze test (MWMT) was used for measuring the learning and memory function. Elevated plus maze (EPM) and open field (OF) were used for the evaluation of anxiety behavior. Blood corticosterone level was evaluated by the ELISA method. The expression levels of genes were measured by the RT-PCR method. RESULTS Results showed that EE increased memory performance in the SI group (p < 0.05). SI caused anxiety while EE improved anxiety behavior (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the groups in the OF test. Corticosterone levels did not change between groups. BDNF expression level was downregulated in EE and SI + SC compared with the SC group (respectively; p = 0.012; p = 0.011). NR2A, NR2B, and cFos expression levels did not change between groups significantly. CONCLUSIONS SI impaired memory performance while EE has beneficial effects on memory in socially isolated rats. EE alone was insufficient to cause alterations in the memory performance. The therapeutic effects of EE became strengthened while applied together with stress protocol. Together with improving the effectiveness of memory function, EE has the potential to decrease anxiety behavior. EE seemed to be the reason for decreasing in BDNF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Duygu Murat Ozturk
- Midwifery Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Amasya University, Amasya, Turkey
| | - Leyla Sahin
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Ozge Selin Cevik
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Kenan Cevik
- Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
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Social Isolation Stress Modulates Pregnancy Outcomes and the Inflammatory Profile of Rat Uterus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116169. [PMID: 35682846 PMCID: PMC9181517 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal stressors have been linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes; including preterm birth (PTB). Recent work demonstrates that social isolation in mothers represents a silent stressor contributing to PTB risk. Here; we investigate the association of inflammatory and stress markers with PTB risk in Long–Evans rats exposed to social isolation stress (SIS) during preconception and pregnancy across four generations (F0-F3). Gestational length; blood glucose; corticosterone levels; and maternal and offspring weights were assessed in two SIS paradigms: transgenerational (TG) and multigenerational (MG) exposure. Maternal uterine tissues were collected 21 days after the dams gave birth. Exposure to SIS reduced pregnancy lengths in the parental generation and neonatal birth weights in the F1 and F2 generations. Interleukin (IL)-1β (Il1b) mRNA levels increased in F0 animals but decreased in the offspring of both stress lineages. Protein levels of IL-1β decreased in the TG lineage. Corticotrophin-releasing hormone receptor 1 (Crhr1) expression decreased in SIS-exposed F0 animals and increased in the TG-F2 and MG-F1 offspring. Expression of enzyme 11-β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-2 (11bHSD2) was enhanced in F1 animals. These findings suggest SIS has adverse consequences on the F0 mothers; but their F1–F3 progeny may adapt to this chronic stress; thus supporting the fetal programming hypothesis.
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Shimada K, Nohara M, Yasuoka A, Kamei A, Shinozaki F, Kondo K, Inoue R, Kondo T, Abe K. Mouse Model of Weak Depression Exhibiting Suppressed cAMP Signaling in the Amygdala, Lower Lipid Catabolism in Liver, and Correlated Gut Microbiota. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:841450. [PMID: 35928791 PMCID: PMC9345170 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.841450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To establish a mouse model of weak depression, we raised 6-week-old C57BL/6N mice in single (SH) or group housing (GH) conditions for 2 weeks. The SH group showed less social interaction with stranger mice, learning disability in behavioral tests, and lower plasma corticosterone levels. The cecal microbiota of the SH group showed significant segregation from the GH group in the principal coordinate analysis (PCoA). Transcriptome analysis of the amygdala and liver detected multiple differentially expressed genes (DEGs). In the amygdala of SH mice, suppression of the cyclic adenine monophosphate (cAMP) signal was predicted and confirmed by the reduced immunoreactivity of phosphorylated cAMP-responsive element-binding protein. In the liver of SH mice, downregulation of beta-oxidation was predicted. Interestingly, the expression levels of over 100 DEGs showed a significant correlation with the occupancy of two bacterial genera, Lactobacillus (Lactobacillaceae) and Anaerostipes (Lachnospiraceae). These bacteria-correlated DEGs included JunB, the downstream component of cAMP signaling in the amygdala, and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (Cpt1a), a key enzyme of beta-oxidation in the liver. This trans-omical analysis also suggested that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) synthesis in the liver may be linked to the occupancy of Lactobacillus through the regulation of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) and kynureninase (KYNU) genes. Our results suggested that SH condition along with the presence of correlated bacteria species causes weak depression phenotype in young mice and provides a suitable model to study food ingredient that is able to cure weak depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kousuke Shimada
- Group for Food Functionality Assessment, Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Nohara
- Group for Food Functionality Assessment, Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Akihito Yasuoka
- Group for Food Functionality Assessment, Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Kawasaki, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Akihito Yasuoka,
| | - Asuka Kamei
- Group for Food Functionality Assessment, Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Fumika Shinozaki
- Group for Food Functionality Assessment, Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Kaori Kondo
- Group for Food Functionality Assessment, Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Kawasaki, Japan
- Division of Disease Systems Biology, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryo Inoue
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Kondo
- Group for Food Functionality Assessment, Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Kawasaki, Japan
- Division of Disease Systems Biology, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Takashi Kondo,
| | - Keiko Abe
- Group for Food Functionality Assessment, Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Kawasaki, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Mityukova ТA, Chudilovskaya EN, Basalai AA. Reactivity of the Thyroid System to Short-Term Stress in Wistar Rats with Visceral Obesity and Restricted Social Activity. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2022; 58:465-475. [PMID: 35599640 PMCID: PMC9109671 DOI: 10.1134/s0022093022020156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The obesity problem requires a study of its pathophysiological
consequences affecting hormonal regulation and organism’s reactivity
to extreme exposures. The study was aimed first to examine the effect
of a high-calorie diet and social isolation, as well as their combination
for 4 months, on the development of obesity, its metabolic and behavioral
sequelae, features of the thyroid status, while at the second stage,
to assess the reaction of hormonal indices of the thyroid status
to short-term stress in rats. The experiments were carried out on
male Wistar rats and at the first stage focused on the effects of
a high-calorie diet and social isolation, as well as their combinations
for 4 months. At the end of the experiment, behavioral reactions,
metabolic syndrome indices, thyroid status, and cortisol levels
were evaluated. At the second stage, the animals were exposed to
short-term acute stress, and the shifts in the hormonal indices
were recorded one hour later versus the initial background. A high-calorie
diet led to the development of metabolic syndrome, signs of depression,
increased thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroxine and triiodothyronine
serum levels, as well as iodothyronine deiodinase type 1 (D1) activity,
in the rat liver. At the same time, there was a decrease in thyroperoxidase
activity and an increase in thyroid levels of triglycerides and malondialdehyde.
The physiological response to stress in the control rat group included
an increase in cortisol and TSH serum levels, however, against the
background of a high-calorie diet, no cortisol release into the
bloodstream was recorded. Social isolation did not alter normal
reactivity of the adrenal cortex, but reduced TSH release in response
to acute stress, since the initial level of this hormone was slightly
elevated against the background of chronic social isolation stress.
Thus, excessive nutrition and the deficit of social activities in
male Wistar rats led to significant changes in the organism’s reactivity
to acute stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Т. A. Mityukova
- Institute of Physiology, National
Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
| | - E. N. Chudilovskaya
- Institute of Physiology, National
Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
| | - A. A. Basalai
- Institute of Physiology, National
Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
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