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Burlec AF, Hăncianu M, Ivănescu B, Macovei I, Corciovă A. Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Natural Compounds in Psoriasis and Their Inclusion in Nanotechnological Systems. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:912. [PMID: 39199158 PMCID: PMC11352172 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects around 2-3% of the world's population. The treatment for this autoimmune disease still remains centered around conventional methods using synthetic substances, even though more recent advancements focus on biological therapies. Given the numerous side effects of such treatments, current research involves plant extracts and constituents that could prove useful in treating psoriasis. The aim of this narrative review is to highlight the most known representatives belonging to classes of natural compounds such as polyphenols (e.g., astilbin, curcumin, hesperidin, luteolin, proanthocyanidins, and resveratrol), alkaloids (e.g., berberine, capsaicin, and colchicine), coumarins (psoralen and 8-methoxypsoralen), and terpenoids (e.g., celastrol, centelloids, and ursolic acid), along with plants used in traditional medicine that could present therapeutic potential in psoriasis. The paper also provides an overview of these compounds' mechanisms of action and current inclusion in clinical studies, as well as an investigation into their potential incorporation in various nanotechnological systems, such as lipid-based nanocarriers or polymeric nanomaterials, that may optimize their efficacy during treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Flavia Burlec
- Department of Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.F.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Monica Hăncianu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Bianca Ivănescu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Irina Macovei
- Department of Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.F.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Andreia Corciovă
- Department of Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.F.B.); (A.C.)
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Hegazy AME, Morsy AM, Salem HM, Al-Zaban MI, Alkahtani AM, Alshammari NM, El-Saadony MT, Altarjami LR, Bahshwan SMA, Al-Qurashi MM, El-Tarabily KA, Tolba HMN. The therapeutic efficacy of neem (Azadirecta indica) leaf extract against coinfection with Chlamydophila psittaci and low pathogenic avian influenza virus H9N2 in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:104089. [PMID: 39142030 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Avian chlamydiosis is a serious avian infection that carries a significant zoonotic danger to the poultry industry. The respiratory co-infections caused by the low pathogenic avian influenza virus H9N2 (LPAIV H9N2) also cause significant financial losses in the poultry industry. The purpose of this study was to examine the pathogenicity of Chlamydophila psittaci, and LPAIV H9N2 individually and in combination in broiler chickens, as well as to determine whether or not aqueous neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf extract is effective against infections caused by these pathogens. Therefore, 120 broiler cobb chicks were equally divided into 4 groups (30 birds each) with triplicates with 10 birds. Broilers in group 1 (G1) were infected with only C. psittaci, broilers in group 2 (G2) were infected with only LPAIV H9N2, broilers in group 3 (G3) were infected with C. psittaci and LPAIV H9N2, and broilers in group 4 (G4) remained not challenged and non-treated with any therapeutic or preventive treatment (negative control). At 21 d postinfection (dpi), birds in G1, G2, and G3 were divided into 3 subgroups of 10 birds each: subgroup (A) remained infected and untreated (positive control), subgroup (B) infected and received oxytetracycline for 5 consecutive d, and subgroup (C) infected and received 8% aqueous neem leaf extract for 5 consecutive d. The multiplication of C. psittaci in birds in G1, in various tissues was evaluated using Giemsa staining and the data showed that multiplication was much higher in the lung, spleen, and liver from 6 h to 21 dpi, but low in the heart from 8 to 21 dpi. During simultaneous co-infection in G3, the birds developed significant clinical symptoms and postmortem lesions (PM). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect viral shedding from oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs between 2 dpi and 8 dpi, with cycle threshold (CT) values ranging from 22 to 24. In contrast, bacterial shedding began 6 h after infection and continued until 21 dpi, with CT values ranging from 23 to 26. Administration of an aqueous neem leaf extract at an 8% concentration (Group C) resulted in a numerical rise in average body weight across all treatment groups in the third and fourth week, as well as a reduction in LPAIV H9N2 and C. psittaci replication in the respiratory and gut of treated birds compared to those treated with oxytetracycline (Group B). Overall, respiratory co-infections pose a considerable risk to the poultry business, which is a big threat. To control C. psittaci and LPAIV H9N2 in broiler chickens, oral supplementation of 8% aqueous neem leaf extract is recommended. This treatment improves the birds' performance, as evidenced by an increase in their average body weight. In addition, the application of 8% aqueous neem leaf extract lowers C. psittaci replication within tissues and diminishes LPAIV H9N2 shedding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M E Hegazy
- Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Amira M Morsy
- Reference Laboratory for Quality Control on Poultry Production, Department of Poultry Diseases, Animal Health Research Institute, Arish Branch, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Egypt
| | - Heba M Salem
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Mayasar I Al-Zaban
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M Alkahtani
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical Parasitology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naheda M Alshammari
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed T El-Saadony
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Lamaia R Altarjami
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, 21991, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safia M A Bahshwan
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science and Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, 21911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mada M Al-Qurashi
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science and Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, 21911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled A El-Tarabily
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Hala M N Tolba
- Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
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Alamry KA, Hussein MA, Khan A, Asiri AM. Anticoagulation activity of sulfated carboxymethyl cellulose/ Azadirachta indica leaf powder-based bio-composite. RSC Adv 2024; 14:22017-22027. [PMID: 39006770 PMCID: PMC11240138 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra02893g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Polymeric bio-composites synthesized via a green approach using natural herbs have fascinating anticoagulant activity due to their eco-friendly and non-toxic behavior towards various physical and chemical actions. Herein, we introduce a simple and eco-friendly approach for the fabrication of a new hybrid type of bio-composite based on sulfated carboxymethyl cellulose (S-CMC) and Azadirachta indica leaf powder (S-CMC/NLP). First, a non-toxic sulfating agent called N(SO3Na)3 was used to modify carboxymethyl cellulose into S-CMC. With an ion exchange capacity of 0.25 meq. g-1, the level of sulfation (%) of S-CMC (modified polysaccharide) was measured to be 12.01%. Three types of S-CMC/NLP bio-composites were developed by varying the concentration of NLP. FE-SEM, EDX, and XRD were used to characterize the structural features of S-CMC/NLP bio-composites. FTIR spectroscopy indicated that the S-CMC/NLP bio-composite possesses COO-, -OH and SO3- groups, suggesting the structural similarity to heparin. In addition, the anticoagulant effect of the S-CMC/NLP bio-composite was investigated using PT and APTT assays. The APTT investigation confirmed that following the intrinsic pathway of the coagulation system, 2-NLP/S-CMC bio-composite dose-dependently (0.045-0.28 mg mL-1) prolonged the time of blood coagulation compared to control (pure plasma). The S-CMC/NLP bio-composite showed its potential as a new, safe, and effective candidate for anticoagulant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid A Alamry
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud A Hussein
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University Assiut 71516 Egypt
| | - Ajahar Khan
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Bionanocomposite Research Center, Kyung Hee University 26 Kyungheedae-ro Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 02447 South Korea
| | - Abdullah M Asiri
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
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Sindhusha VB, Rajasekar A. Formulation of Neem and Echinacea Gel for Oral Health Along With the Evaluation of Antimicrobial, Cytotoxic, Anti-inflammatory, and Free Radical Scavenging Activity: An In Vitro Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e63631. [PMID: 39092399 PMCID: PMC11291991 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.63631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Herbs have been used in medical practice for centuries and continue to play a significant role in modern complementary and alternative medicine. Phytochemicals in these herbs possess strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which are beneficial in targeting oral health issues, such as dental plaque, gingivitis, and oral microbial infections. As research progresses, the challenge remains to translate these natural compounds into safe, effective, and accessible treatments for a wide range of diseases. Aim The aim of this research was to formulate the neem and echinacea gel along with the evaluation of antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, free-radical scavenging activity, and cytotoxic potential. Materials and methods The neem and echinacea gel was prepared using a concentrated powdered mixture of neem and echinacea (5 grams each) to which 100 ml of distilled water was added, and the mixture was boiled for 30 minutes at 60°C. The 10 ml concentrate was mixed with 20 ml of a carbopol and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) mixture and mixed thoroughly, which resulted in neem and echinacea gel. Then, the antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic potential, and free-radical scavenging activity of the gel were evaluated. The data obtained were statistically analyzed with the help of a paired t-test, where a p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The antimicrobial assay showed that neem and echinacea gel at the concentration of 100 micrograms showed a greater zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus (3.15 ± 0.26), Streptococcus mutans (2.48 ± 0.45), Enterococcus faecalis (2.89 ± 0.15), and Candida albicans (4.28 ± 0.87). The cytotoxic test revealed that even at an 80 µg concentration of the extract, more than 70% of the nauplii were vital, which indicated that the gel was not cytotoxic. The highest anti-inflammatory activity (78.39 ± 1.82) of the gel was seen at 50 micrograms when compared with diclofenac sodium (73.16 ± 1.80). The free radical scavenging activity showed that the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) absorbance of the neem and echinacea extract was highest at 50 micrograms. Conclusion The combination of neem and echinacea extract-based gel possessed high antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity when compared with standard drugs, such as amoxicillin and diclofenac sodium. The antioxidant activity of the gel was equal to butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), and also the gel has a low cytotoxic potential even at its higher concentrations. Hence, the gel can be used as a natural remedy with minimal side effects, making it a valuable alternative to chemical agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vyshnavi B Sindhusha
- Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Arvina Rajasekar
- Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
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Biswas MC, Mukherjee K, Ghosh S, Roy-Chowdhury M, Acharya K. Natural products of plant origin: an emerging therapeutic for dermatomycosis. Int J Dermatol 2024; 63:858-872. [PMID: 38511567 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.17081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Dermatomycosis or superficial mycosis is considered one of the chronic fungal infections and a global challenge for the public health system. The severity of dermatomycosis is proportionately increasing with the emerging population of immunocompromised individuals, and it is becoming more prevalent, even life-threatening, in several tropical countries. In this context, improper long-term treatment with synthetic antifungal drugs and their related side effects imposes additional challenges in treating dermatomycosis. Thus, the present scenario highlights the need for a novel and accurate treatment with minimal or no side effects. The multifaceted therapeutic properties of various natural products have garnered the interest of scientific communities in recent years. Generally, plant-based products have low toxicity levels and offer diverse formulations and unique biomolecules for clinical applicability against dermatomycosis. Thus, this study presents an overview of the pathogenesis and different treatment strategies for dermatomycosis. In addition, we highlight the implementation of natural products of plant origin for treating dermatomycosis infections and reducing adverse events. Further, their mode of action and role in the development of pharmaceutical drugs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mangal C Biswas
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Khushi Mukherjee
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Sandipta Ghosh
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, India
| | - Moytri Roy-Chowdhury
- California Department of Public Heath, Microbial Diseases Laboratory, Richmond, CA, USA
| | - Krishnendu Acharya
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
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Rahmah Z, Nirmala KC, Nashichuddin A, Riskiyana R, Milliana A, Indriana N, Astari LF, Ayudianti P, Kholil M. Effect of neem leaf extract ( Azadirachta indica) in reducing the degree of parasitemia and apoptosis in C57BL mice with cerebral malaria. Vet World 2024; 17:1497-1503. [PMID: 39185035 PMCID: PMC11344125 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.1497-1503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Brain malaria, which results from Plasmodium falciparum infection, is responsible for substantial fatalities and health issues. These processes, including cytoadherence, rosetting, and sequestration, induce an immune response, hypoxia, brain microvascular obstruction, disruption of the blood-brain barrier, and cell death. Parasitemia level can reveal the presence of infection and its association with apoptosis-related genes. Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaves with antimalarial properties could replace ineffective Indonesian malaria medications. This study was designed to evaluate the impact of neem leaf extract on cerebral malaria-induced parasitemia and neuron cell apoptosis in mice through an in vivo approach. Materials and Methods 13-16 weeks old C57BL mice received infection by Plasmodium berghei strain ANKA. Parasitemia was estimated daily from the mice's tail blood. 8 mg, 12 mg, and 16 mg of a 96% ethanolic neem leaf extract were orally given for 6 days. Healthy, positive, and negative controls were included for treatment comparisons. On the 7th day, brain tissue was analyzed for (p > 0.05) gene expression. Through immunohistochemistry, both cell apoptosis in neurons expressing caspase-3 within a brain sample and the degree of parasitemia in a blood smear were assessed. The Pearson correlation test and one-way analysis of variance were employed to analyze the data. Results Neem leaf extract reduces parasitemia and neuron cell apoptosis at multiple dosages (p < 0.000). Apoptosis in brain neurons and parasitemia show a strong positive correlation (r = +0.939). Neem leaf extract at doses of 12 and 16 mg was the most effective in reducing parasitemia levels and causing cell death. Conclusions Neem leaf therapy significantly reduced the degree of parasitemia and cell apoptosis in C57BL mice compared with the control group without treatment (p = 0.05). This shows that neem leaves have the potential to be a candidate drug for malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainabur Rahmah
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Indonesia
| | - Kautsar Citra Nirmala
- Medicine Study Program, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Indonesia
| | - Ach Nashichuddin
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Indonesia
| | - Riskiyana Riskiyana
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Indonesia
| | - Alvi Milliana
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, and Health Sciences, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Indonesia
| | - Nurfianti Indriana
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, and Health Sciences, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Indonesia
| | - Lina Fitria Astari
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, and Health Sciences, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Indonesia
| | - Prida Ayudianti
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, and Health Sciences, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Indonesia
| | - Munawar Kholil
- Department of Agriculture Product Technology, Politeknik Negeri Ketapang, Ketapang, Indonesia
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Czechowska JP, Pańtak P, Kowalska KJ, Vedaiyan J, Balasubramanian M, Ganesan SM, Kwiecień K, Pamuła E, Kandaswamy R, Zima A. The Influence of Citrus Pectin and Polyacrylamide Modified with Plant-Derived Additives on the Properties of α-TCP-Based Bone Cements. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1711. [PMID: 38932061 PMCID: PMC11207233 DOI: 10.3390/polym16121711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Materials based on highly reactive α-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) powder were developed and evaluated. Furthermore, the impact of different polymeric additives, such as citrus pectin or polyacrylamide (PAAM) modified with sago starch, neem flower, or rambutan peel, on the physiochemical and biological properties of the developed materials was assessed. The addition of modified PAAM shortened the setting process of bone cements and decreased their compressive strength. On the other hand, the addition of citrus pectin significantly enhanced the mechanical strength of the material from 4.46 to 7.15 MPa. The improved mechanical properties of the bone cement containing citrus pectin were attributed to the better homogenization of cementitious pastes and pectin cross-linking by Ca2+ ions. In vitro tests performed on L929 cells showed that 10% extracts from α-TCP cements modified with pectin are more cytocompatible than control cements without any additives. Cements containing PAAM with plant-derived modifiers show some degree of cytotoxicity for the highly concentrated 10% extracts, but for diluted extracts, cytotoxicity was reduced, as shown by a resazurin reduction test and live/dead staining. All the developed bone substitutes exhibited in vitro bioactivity, making them promising candidates for further biological studies. This research underscores the advantageous properties of the obtained biomaterials and paves the way for subsequent more advanced in vitro and in vivo investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna P. Czechowska
- Department of Ceramics and Refractories, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland (K.J.K.)
| | - Piotr Pańtak
- Department of Ceramics and Refractories, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland (K.J.K.)
| | - Kinga J. Kowalska
- Department of Ceramics and Refractories, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland (K.J.K.)
| | - Jeevitha Vedaiyan
- Department of Rubber and Plastics Technology, Madras Institute of Technology Campus, Anna University, Chromepet, Chennai 600 044, India (M.B.); (S.M.G.)
| | - Mareeswari Balasubramanian
- Department of Rubber and Plastics Technology, Madras Institute of Technology Campus, Anna University, Chromepet, Chennai 600 044, India (M.B.); (S.M.G.)
| | - Sundara Moorthi Ganesan
- Department of Rubber and Plastics Technology, Madras Institute of Technology Campus, Anna University, Chromepet, Chennai 600 044, India (M.B.); (S.M.G.)
| | - Konrad Kwiecień
- Department of Biomaterials and Composites, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Pamuła
- Department of Biomaterials and Composites, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Ravichandran Kandaswamy
- Department of Rubber and Plastics Technology, Madras Institute of Technology Campus, Anna University, Chromepet, Chennai 600 044, India (M.B.); (S.M.G.)
| | - Aneta Zima
- Department of Ceramics and Refractories, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland (K.J.K.)
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Medeiros M, Guenka S, Bastos D, Oliveira KL, Brassesco MS. Amicis Omnia Sunt Communia: NF-κB Inhibition as an Alternative to Overcome Osteosarcoma Heterogeneity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:734. [PMID: 38931401 PMCID: PMC11206879 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor heterogeneity poses a significant challenge in osteosarcoma (OS) treatment. In this regard, the "omics" era has constantly expanded our understanding of biomarkers and altered signaling pathways (i.e., PI3K/AKT/mTOR, WNT/β-catenin, NOTCH, SHH/GLI, among others) involved in OS pathophysiology. Despite different players and complexities, many commonalities have been described, among which the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) stands out. Its altered activation is pervasive in cancer, with pleiotropic action on many disease-relevant traits. Thus, in the scope of this article, we highlight the evidence of NF-κB dysregulation in OS and its integration with other cancer-related pathways while we summarize the repertoire of compounds that have been described to interfere with its action. In silico strategies were used to demonstrate that NF-κB is closely coordinated with other commonly dysregulated signaling pathways not only by functionally interacting with several of their members but also by actively participating in the regulation of their transcription. While existing inhibitors lack selectivity or act indirectly, the therapeutic potential of targeting NF-κB is indisputable, first for its multifunctionality on most cancer hallmarks, and secondly, because, as a common downstream effector of the many dysregulated pathways influencing OS aggressiveness, it turns complex regulatory networks into a simpler picture underneath molecular heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Medeiros
- Cell Biology Department, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900-Vila Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, São Paulo, Brazil;
| | - Sophia Guenka
- Biology Department, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900-Vila Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, São Paulo, Brazil; (S.G.); (D.B.)
| | - David Bastos
- Biology Department, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900-Vila Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, São Paulo, Brazil; (S.G.); (D.B.)
| | - Karla Laissa Oliveira
- Regional Blood Center, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900-Vila Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto 14051-140, São Paulo, Brazil;
| | - María Sol Brassesco
- Biology Department, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900-Vila Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, São Paulo, Brazil; (S.G.); (D.B.)
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Islam MT, Aktaruzzaman M, Saif A, Akter A, Bhat MA, Hossain MM, Alam SMN, Rayhan R, Rehman S, Yaseen M, Raihan MO. In Silico-Based Identification of Natural Inhibitors from Traditionally Used Medicinal Plants that can Inhibit Dengue Infection. Mol Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12033-024-01204-8. [PMID: 38834897 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-024-01204-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Dengue fever (DF) is an endemic disease that has become a public health concern around the globe. The NS3 protease-helicase enzyme is an important target for the development of antiviral drugs against DENV (dengue virus) due to its impact on viral replication. Inhibition of the activity of the NS3 protease-helicase enzyme complex significantly inhibits the infection associated with DENV. Unfortunately, there are no scientifically approved antiviral drugs for its prevention. However, this study has been developed to find natural bioactive molecules that can block the activity of the NS3 protease-helicase enzyme complex associated with DENV infection through molecular docking, MM-GBSA (molecular mechanics-generalized born surface area), and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Three hundred forty-two (342) compounds selected from twenty traditional medicinal plants were retrieved and screened against the NS3 protease-helicase protein by molecular docking and MM-GBSA studies, where the top six phytochemicals have been identified based on binding affinities. The six compounds were then subjected to pharmacokinetics and toxicity analysis, and we conducted molecular dynamics simulations on three protein-ligand complexes to validate their stability. Through computational analysis, this study revealed the potential of the two selected natural bioactive inhibitors (CID-440015 and CID-7424) as novel anti-dengue agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Tarikul Islam
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Md Aktaruzzaman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Ahmed Saif
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Ayesha Akter
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Mashooq Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mirza Mahfuj Hossain
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - S M Nur Alam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Rifat Rayhan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Saira Rehman
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacognosy Department, Lahore University of Biological and Applied Sciences, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Yaseen
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Swat, Charbagh, 19130, Swat, Pakistan.
| | - Md Obayed Raihan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Pharmacy, Chicago State University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Almowallad SJ, Alqahtani LS. Synergistic antimicrobial action of chitosan-neem extracts nanoformulation as a promising strategy for overcoming multi-drug resistant bacteria. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 272:132337. [PMID: 38797302 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to analyze and identify the phytochemical components found in neem leaf extracts using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) methods. The extract samples were acquired using ethyl acetate (EA) and petroleum ether (PE) solvents. Moreover, the extracts were assessed for their antibacterial and antioxidant features. In addition, chitosan nanoparticles (Cs NPs) containing neem extracts were synthesized and evaluated for their potential antibacterial properties, explicitly targeting multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria. The neem extracts were analyzed using GC-MS, which identified components such as hydrocarbons, phenolic compounds, terpenoids, alkaloids, and glycosides. Results revealed that the PE extract showed significant antibacterial activity against a range of bacteria. In addition, the PE extract exhibited significant antioxidant activity, exceeding both the EA extract and vitamin C. In addition, both extracts exhibited notable antibiofilm activity, significantly inhibiting the production of biofilm. The Cs NPs, loaded with neem extracts, exhibited significant antibacterial action against multidrug-resistant (MDR) microorganisms. The Cs NPs/EA materials had the greatest zone of inhibition values of 24 ± 2.95 mm against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Similarly, the Cs NPs/PE materials exhibited a zone of inhibition measurement of 22 ± 3.14 mm against P. aeruginosa. This work highlights the various biochemical components of neem extracts, their strong abilities to combat bacteria and oxidative stress, and the possibility of Cs NPs containing neem extracts as effective treatments for antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaa J Almowallad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71421, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Leena S Alqahtani
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 23445, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Juin SK, Pushpakumar S, Sen U. Nimbidiol protects from renal injury by alleviating redox imbalance in diabetic mice. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1369408. [PMID: 38835661 PMCID: PMC11148448 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1369408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chronic hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Moreover, adverse extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation elevates renal resistive index leading to progressive worsening of the pathology in DN. Nimbidiol is an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, isolated from the medicinal plant, 'neem' (Azadirachta indica) and reported as a promising anti-diabetic compound. Previously, a myriad of studies demonstrated an anti-oxidative property of a broad-spectrum neem-extracts in various diseases including diabetes. Our recent study has shown that Nimbidiol protects diabetic mice from fibrotic renal dysfunction in part by mitigating adverse ECM accumulation. However, the precise mechanism remains poorly understood. Methods The present study aimed to investigate whether Nimbidiol ameliorates renal injury by reducing oxidative stress in type-1 diabetes. To test the hypothesis, wild-type (C57BL/6J) and diabetic Akita (C57BL/6-Ins2Akita/J) mice aged 10-14 weeks were used to treat with saline or Nimbidiol (400 μg kg-1 day-1) for 8 weeks. Results Diabetic mice showed elevated blood pressure, increased renal resistive index, and decreased renal vasculature compared to wild-type control. In diabetic kidney, reactive oxygen species and the expression levels of 4HNE, p22phox, Nox4, and ROMO1 were increased while GSH: GSSG, and the expression levels of SOD-1, SOD-2, and catalase were decreased. Further, eNOS, ACE2, Sirt1 and IL-10 were found to be downregulated while iNOS and IL-17 were upregulated in diabetic kidney. The changes were accompanied by elevated expression of the renal injury markers viz., lipocalin-2 and KIM-1 in diabetic kidney. Moreover, an upregulation of p-NF-κB and a downregulation of IkBα were observed in diabetic kidney compared to the control. Nimbidiol ameliorated these pathological changes in diabetic mice. Conclusion Altogether, the data of our study suggest that oxidative stress largely contributes to the diabetic renal injury, and Nimbidiol mitigates redox imbalance and thereby protects kidney in part by inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway in type-1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subir Kumar Juin
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Sathnur Pushpakumar
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Utpal Sen
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
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Shaheen S, Khalid S, Aaliya K, Gul A, Hafeez A, Armaghan M, Almarhoon ZM, Calina D, Khan K, Sharifi-Rad J. Insights into Nimbolide molecular crosstalk and its anticancer properties. Med Oncol 2024; 41:158. [PMID: 38761317 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-024-02379-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Nimbolide, one of the main ingredients constituent of Azadirachta indica (neem) leaf extract, has garnered attention for its potential as an anticancer agent. Its efficacy against various cancers and chemopreventive action has been demonstrated through numerous in vivo and in vitro studies. This updated review aims to comprehensively explore the chemopreventive and anticancer properties of nimbolide, emphasizing its molecular mechanisms of action and potential therapeutic applications in oncology. The review synthesizes evidence from various studies that examine nimbolide's roles in apoptosis induction, anti-proliferation, cell death, metastasis inhibition, angiogenesis suppression, and modulation of carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes. Nimbolide exhibits multifaceted anticancer activities, including the modulation of multiple cell signaling pathways related to inflammation, invasion, survival, growth, metastasis, and angiogenesis. However, its pharmacological development is still in the early stages, mainly due to limited pharmacokinetic and comprehensive long-term toxicological studies. Nimbolide shows promising anticancer and chemopreventive properties, but there is need for systematic preclinical pharmacokinetic and toxicological research. Such studies are essential for establishing safe dosage ranges for first-in-human clinical trials and further advancing nimbolide's development as a therapeutic agent against various cancers. The review highlights the potential of nimbolide in cancer treatment and underscores the importance of rigorous preclinical evaluation to realize its full therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnum Shaheen
- Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Jail Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sana Khalid
- Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Jail Road, Lahore, Pakistan
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Khadija Aaliya
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ambreen Gul
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Amna Hafeez
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Sector H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Armaghan
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Sector H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Zainab M Almarhoon
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania.
| | - Khushbukhat Khan
- Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Trials360, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
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Kimta N, Majdalawieh AF, Nasrallah GK, Puri S, Nepovimova E, Jomova K, Kuča K. Leprosy: Comprehensive insights into pathology, immunology, and cutting-edge treatment strategies, integrating nanoparticles and ethnomedicinal plants. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1361641. [PMID: 38818380 PMCID: PMC11137175 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1361641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium leprae is the causative agent responsible for the chronic disease known as leprosy. This condition is characterized by dermal involvement, often leading to peripheral nerve damage, sensory-motor loss, and related abnormalities. Both innate and acquired immunological responses play a role in the disease, and even in individuals with lepromatous leprosy, there can be a transient increase in T cell immunity during lepromatous reactions. Diagnosing of early-stage leprosy poses significant challenges. In this context, nanoparticles have emerged as a promising avenue for addressing various crucial issues related to leprosy. These include combatting drug resistance, mitigating adverse effects of conventional medications, and enhancing targeted drug delivery. This review serves as a comprehensive compilation, encompassing aspects of pathology, immunology, and adverse effects of multidrug delivery systems in the context of leprosy treatment. Furthermore, the review underscores the significance of ethnomedicinal plants, bioactive secondary metabolites, and nanotherapeutics in the management of leprosy. It emphasizes the potential to bridge the gap between existing literature and ongoing research efforts, with a profound scope for validating traditional claims, developing herbal medicines, and formulating nanoscale drug delivery systems that are safe, effective, and widely accepted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neetika Kimta
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, India
| | - Amin F. Majdalawieh
- Department of Biology, Chemsitry, and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Sunil Puri
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, India
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Klaudia Jomova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Informatics, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Kamil Kuča
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Králové, Czechia
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Palai D, De A, Prasad PS, Roy T, Mukherjee S, Dhara S, Das S, Das K. Feasibility Insights of the Green-Assisted Calcium-Phosphate Coating on Biodegradable Zinc Alloys for Biomedical Application: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38699930 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
In the field of bone tissue engineering, recently developed Zn alloy scaffolds are considered potential candidates for biodegradable implants for bone regeneration and defect reconstruction. However, the clinical success of these alloys is limited due to their insufficient surface bioactivities. Further, the higher concentration of Zn2+ produced during degradation promotes antibacterial activity, but deteriorates osteogenic properties. This study fabricated an Azadirachta indica (neem)-assisted brushite-hydroxyapatite (HAp) coating on the recently developed Zn-2Cu-0.5Mg alloy to tackle the above dilemma. The microstructure, degradation behavior, antibacterial activity, and hemocompatibility, along with in vitro and in vivo cytocompatibility of the coated alloys, are systematically investigated. Microstructural analysis reveals flower-like morphology with uniformly grown flakes for neem-assisted deposition. The neem-assisted deposition significantly improves the adhesion strength from 12.7 to 18.8 MPa, enhancing the mechanical integrity. The potentiodynamic polarization study shows that the neem-assisted deposition decreases the degradation rate, with the lowest degradation rate of 0.027 mm/yr for the ZHN2 sample. In addition, the biomineralization process shows the apatite formation on the deposited coating after 21 days of immersion. In vitro cytotoxicity assay exhibits the maximum cell viability of 117% for neem-assisted coated alloy in 30% extract after 5d and the improved cytocompatibility which is due to the controlled release of Zn2+ ions. Meanwhile, neem-assisted coated alloy increases the ZOI by 32 and 24% for Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, respectively. Acceptable hemolysis (<5%) and anticoagulation parameters demonstrate a promising hemocompatibility of the coated alloy. In vivo implantation illustrates a slight inflammatory response and vascularization after 2 weeks of subcutaneous implantation, and neo-bone formation in the defect areas of the rat femur. Micro-CT and histology studies demonstrate better osseointegration with satisfactory biosafety response for the neem-assisted coated alloy as compared to that without neem-assisted deposition. Hence, this neem-assisted brushite-Hap coating strategy elucidates a new perspective on the surface modification of biodegradable implants for the treatment of bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debajyoti Palai
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Amiyangshu De
- Advanced Technology Development Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - P Siva Prasad
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Trina Roy
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Sayan Mukherjee
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Santanu Dhara
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Siddhartha Das
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Karabi Das
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
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Tiple RH, Jamane SR, Khobragade DS. Antifungal Activity of Neem Leaf Extract With Eucalyptus citriodora Oil and Cymbopogon martini Oil Against Tinea Capitis: An In-Vitro Evaluation. Cureus 2024; 16:e59671. [PMID: 38836134 PMCID: PMC11148711 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Tinea capitis, often known as ringworm of the scalp, is a fungal infection that affects the scalp, eyelashes, and eyebrows. It is generally caused by dermatophytes from the genera Trichophyton and Microsporum. Trichophyton tonsurans and Microsporum canis are the main etiological agents responsible for most of the cases of tinea capitis globally. Tinea capitis commonly manifests as itchy, scaly patches of hair loss. Tinea capitis is the prevailing dermatophyte illness among children globally. Methods An in-vitroevaluation study was conducted to assess the antifungal properties of ethanolic extracts of neem leaves and the oils of Eucalyptus citriodora and Cymbopogon martini, both individually and in combination. The agar-well diffusion method and the M38-A2 microbroth dilution method were employed to evaluate the antifungal efficacy against pathogenic dermatophyte strains, namely Microsporum canis and Trichophyton tonsurans. The fully mature green leaves were treated with ethanol to make the neem leaf extract. Additionally, high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis was carried out to determine the contents of the terpenoids. Fluconazole, an antifungal drug, is used as a standard. Results The findings demonstrated an overall inhibition of the growth of dermatophytes at a minimal inhibitory concentration of 187.5 and 375 μg/ml for neem leaf extract and 0.625 to 2.5 μl/ml for selected herbal oils, whereas it was 0.25 μg/ml and 0.50 μg/ml for positive control against Microsporum canis and Trichophyton tonsurans, respectively. Conclusion The phytochemical investigation of the ethanolic extracts in neem leaves revealed the presence of terpenoids, which are known for their significant biological activity. The study's findings demonstrated the therapeutic capabilities of neem leaf extract in combination with the oils of Eucalyptus citriodora and Cymbopogon martini for managing the tinea capitis infection. A broader and improved antifungal spectrum was seen when neem leaf extract and oils were combined. Therefore, it can be developed into a suitable formulation for the management of tinea capitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupali H Tiple
- Pharmacy, Datta Meghe College of Pharmacy, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Shamli R Jamane
- Bio-processing and Herbal Division, Mahatma Gandhi Institute for Rural Industrialization, Wardha, IND
| | - Deepak S Khobragade
- Pharmacy, Datta Meghe College of Pharmacy, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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Khan MRUZ, Trivedi V. Molecular modelling, docking and network analysis of phytochemicals from Haritaki churna: role of protein cross-talks for their action. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:4297-4312. [PMID: 37288779 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2220036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemicals are bioactive agents present in medicinal plants with therapeutic values. Phytochemicals isolated from plants target multiple cellular processes. In the current work, we have used fractionation techniques to identify 13 bioactive polyphenols in ayurvedic medicine Haritaki Churna. Employing the advanced spectroscopic and fractionation, structure of bioactive polyphenols was determined. Blasting the phytochemical structure allow us to identify a total of 469 protein targets from Drug bank and Binding DB. Phytochemicals with their protein targets from Drug bank was used to create a phytochemical-protein network comprising of 394 nodes and 1023 edges. It highlights the extensive cross-talk between protein target corresponding to different phytochemicals. Analysis of protein targets from Binding data bank gives a network comprised of 143 nodes and 275 edges. Taking the data together from Drug bank and binding data, seven most prominent drug targets (HSP90AA1, c-Src kinase, EGFR, Akt1, EGFR, AR, and ESR-α) were found to be target of the phytochemicals. Molecular modelling and docking experiment indicate that phytochemicals are fitting nicely into active site of the target proteins. The binding energy of the phytochemicals were better than the inhibitors of these protein targets. The strength and stability of the protein ligand complexes were further confirmed using molecular dynamic simulation studies. Further, the ADMET profiles of phytochemicals extracted from HCAE suggests that they can be potential drug targets. The phytochemical cross-talk was further proven by choosing c-Src as a model. HCAE down regulated c-Src and its downstream protein targets such as Akt1, cyclin D1 and vimentin. Hence, network analysis followed by molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation and in-vitro studies clearly highlight the role of protein network and subsequent selection of drug candidate based on network pharmacology.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rafi Uz Zama Khan
- Malaria Research Group, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Vishal Trivedi
- Malaria Research Group, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
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Orozco-Ugarriza ME, Arrieta Caldera NP, Olivo-Martínez Y. Antimicrobial phytoconstituents from Azadirachta indica (neem) with potential inhibitor against FtsZ protein of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-6. [PMID: 38516734 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2332946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a well-known pathogen for its rapid development of multi-drug antibiotic resistance. This pathogen is responsible for numerous human diseases, particularly affecting immunocompromised and elderly patients. Hence, discovering novel therapeutics has become necessary in the fight against antimicrobial resistance. This study is focused on evaluating the potential inhibitory activity of eleven phytocompounds from Azadirachta indica against the nucleotide-binding site of the FtsZ protein of P. aeruginosa through a cheminformatics approach. FtsZ is an indispensable and highly conserved protein in prokaryotic cell division. Docking studies revealed favourable binding energies (ΔG= - 8.3 to - 5.4 kcal/mol) for all selected phytoconstituents. Finally, we selected Nimbiol (CID 11119228), as a lead compound, exhibiting a binding energy (ΔG= -7.8 kcal/mol) for the target. Based on our findings, Nimbiol shows potential as an anti-FtsZ compound, making it a promising candidate for further in vitro and in vivo investigations to assess its antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio E Orozco-Ugarriza
- Grupo de investigación en Microbiología y Ambiente (GIMA), Universidad de San Buenaventura, Cartagena, Colombia
- Grupo de investigación traslacional en Biomedicina y Biotecnología (GITB&B), Corporación para el desarrollo de la Investigación en Biomedicina & Biotecnología, Cartagena, Colombia
| | | | - Yenifer Olivo-Martínez
- Grupo de investigación en Microbiología y Ambiente (GIMA), Universidad de San Buenaventura, Cartagena, Colombia
- Biochemistry and Diseases Research Group, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
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Rajendran P, Renu K, Abdallah BM, Ali EM, Veeraraghavan VP, Sivalingam K, Rustagi Y, Abdelsalam SA, Ibrahim RIH, Al-Ramadan SY. Nimbolide: promising agent for prevention and treatment of chronic diseases (recent update). Food Nutr Res 2024; 68:9650. [PMID: 38571915 PMCID: PMC10989234 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v68.9650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Nimbolide, a bioactive compound derived from the neem tree, has garnered attention as a potential breakthrough in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. Recent updates in research highlight its multifaceted pharmacological properties, demonstrating anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer effects. With a rich history in traditional medicine, nimbolide efficacy in addressing the molecular complexities of conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer positions it as a promising candidate for further exploration. As studies progress, the recent update underscores the growing optimism surrounding nimbolide as a valuable tool in the ongoing pursuit of innovative therapeutic strategies for chronic diseases. Methods The comprehensive search of the literature was done until September 2020 on the MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus and Web of Knowledge databases. Results Most studies have shown the Nimbolide is one of the most potent limonoids derived from the flowers and leaves of neem (Azadirachta indica), which is widely used to treat a variety of human diseases. In chronic diseases, nimbolide reported to modulate the key signaling pathways, such as Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), Wingless-related integration site-β (Wnt-β)/catenin, NF-κB, PI3K/AKT, and signaling molecules, such as transforming growth factor (TGF-β), Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), inflammatory cytokines, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) proteins. Nimbolide has anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, and anti-cancer properties, which make it an intriguing compound for research. Nimbolide demonstrated therapeutic potential for osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular, inflammation and cancer. Conclusion The current review mainly focused on understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the therapecutic effects of nimbolide in chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peramaiyan Rajendran
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kaviyarasi Renu
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Basem M. Abdallah
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Enas M. Ali
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kalaiselvi Sivalingam
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yashika Rustagi
- Centre for Cancer Genomics, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Salaheldin Abdelraouf Abdelsalam
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Rashid Ismael Hag Ibrahim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Saeed Yaseen Al-Ramadan
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
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Palwankar D, Garg A, Tandan M, Bhasin P, Sachdeva A, Palwankar P. Antimicrobial efficacy of two commercially available herbal products with and without ultrasonic activation in primary endodontic infections: A randomized clinical trial. JOURNAL OF CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY AND ENDODONTICS 2024; 27:305-309. [PMID: 38634027 PMCID: PMC11019806 DOI: 10.4103/jcde.jcde_308_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Background Effective irrigation is crucial for successful endodontic treatment. Traditional irrigants like sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) have been widely used, but there is a growing interest in exploring natural alternatives for their potential antimicrobial properties. Objective The study aims to compare the antimicrobial efficacy of Neem, Bitter Gourd, and NaOCl, with and without ultrasonic activation in managing primary endodontic infections. Materials and Methods Ninety patients were randomly assigned six groups (n = 15) Group 1: NaOCl, Group 2: NaOCl with passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), Group 3: Neem juice, Group 4: Neem juice with PUI, Group 5: Bitter gourd juice, and Group 6: Bitter gourd juice with PUI. Bacteriological samples were collected before (S1) and after (S2) shaping, plated on brain heart infusion agar, and colony counting was done after 24 h. Statistical Analysis Used Shapiro-Wilk test, one-way ANOVA, post hoc Tukey analysis, and paired t-test. Results All the groups demonstrated a significant reduction in bacterial count. Groups with PUI (2, 4, 6) demonstrated higher mean bacterial reduction than their counterparts without PUI (1, 3, 5). Conclusion Neem and Bitter gourd juices, particularly when used with PUI, demonstrated antimicrobial efficacy comparable to NaOCl with PUI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drishti Palwankar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Ashima Garg
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sudha Rustagi College of Dental Sciences and Research, SDS, MRIIRS, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Monika Tandan
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Manav Rachna Dental College, SDS, MRIIRS, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Prashant Bhasin
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sudha Rustagi College of Dental Sciences and Research, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Akshat Sachdeva
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, CDER, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Pooja Palwankar
- Department of Periodontology, Manav Rachna Dental College, SDS, MRIIRS, India
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20
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Nagini S, Palrasu M, Bishayee A. Limonoids from neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) are potential anticancer drug candidates. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:457-496. [PMID: 37589457 DOI: 10.1002/med.21988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.), a versatile evergreen tree recognized for its ethnopharmacological value, is a rich source of limonoids of the triterpenoid class, endowed with potent medicinal properties. Extracts of neem have been documented to display anticancer effects in diverse malignant cell lines as well as in preclinical animal models that has largely been attributed to the constituent limonoids. Of late, neem limonoids have become the cynosure of research attention as potential candidate agents for cancer prevention and therapy. Among the various limonoids found in neem, azadirachtin, epoxyazadiradione, gedunin, and nimbolide, have been extensively investigated for anticancer activity. Azadirachtin, a potent biodegradable pesticide, exhibits profound antiproliferative effects by preventing mitotic spindle formation and cell division. The antiproliferative activity of gedunin has been demonstrated to be mediated primarily via inhibition of heat shock protein90 and its client proteins. Epoxyazadiradione inhibits pro-inflammatory and kinase-driven signaling pathways to block tumorigenesis. Nimbolide, the most potent cytotoxic neem limonoid, inhibits the growth of cancer cells by regulating the phosphorylation of keystone kinases that drive oncogenic signaling besides modulating the epigenome. There is overwhelming evidence to indicate that neem limonoids exert anticancer effects by preventing the acquisition of hallmark traits of cancer, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis evasion, inflammation, invasion, angiogenesis, and drug resistance. Neem limonoids are value additions to the armamentarium of natural compounds that target aberrant oncogenic signaling to inhibit cancer development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddavaram Nagini
- Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manikandan Palrasu
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA
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21
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Omar SA, Ashokhan S, Abdul Majid N, Karsani SA, Lau BYC, Yaacob JS. Enhanced azadirachtin production in neem (Azadirachta indica) callus through NaCl elicitation: Insights into differential protein regulation via shotgun proteomics. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 199:105778. [PMID: 38458685 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.105778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
With their remarkable bioactivity and evolving commercial importance, plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) have gained significant research interest in recent years. Plant tissue culture serves as a credible tool to examine how abiotic stresses modulate the production of PSMs, enabling clear insights into plant stress responses and the prospects for controlled synthesis of bioactive compounds. Azadirachta indica, or neem has been recognized as a repository of secondary metabolites for centuries, particularly for the compound named azadirachtin, due to its bio-pesticidal and high antioxidant properties. Introducing salt stress as an elicitor makes it possible to enhance the synthesis of secondary metabolites, specifically azadirachtin. Thus, in this research, in vitro callus cultures of neem were micro-propagated and induced with salinity stress to explore their effects on the production of azadirachtin and identify potential proteins associated with salinity stress through comparative shotgun proteomics (LCMS/MS). To induce salinity stress, 2-month-old calli were subjected to various concentrations of NaCl (0.05-1.5%) for 4 weeks. The results showed that the callus cultures were able to adapt and survive in the salinity treatments, but displayed a reduction in fresh weight as the NaCl concentration increased. Notably, azadirachtin production was significantly enhanced in the salinity treatment compared to control, where 1.5% NaCl-treated calli produced the highest azadirachtin amount (10.847 ± 0.037 mg/g DW). The proteomics analysis showed that key proteins related to primary metabolism, such as defence, energy, cell structure, redox, transcriptional and photosynthesis, were predominantly differentially regulated (36 upregulated and 93 downregulated). While a few proteins were identified as being regulated in secondary metabolism, they were not directly involved in the synthesis of azadirachtin. In conjunction with azadirachtin elicitation, salinity stress treatment could therefore be successfully applied in commercial settings for the controlled synthesis of azadirachtin and other plant-based compounds. Further complementary omics approaches can be employed to enhance molecular-level modifications, to facilitate large-scale production of bioactive compounds in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Ainnsyah Omar
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sharmilla Ashokhan
- School of Biotechnology, MILA University, Putra Nilai, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Nazia Abdul Majid
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Saiful Anuar Karsani
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Benjamin Yii Chung Lau
- Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jamilah Syafawati Yaacob
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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22
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Adeosun WB, Loots DT. Medicinal Plants against Viral Infections: A Review of Metabolomics Evidence for the Antiviral Properties and Potentials in Plant Sources. Viruses 2024; 16:218. [PMID: 38399995 PMCID: PMC10892737 DOI: 10.3390/v16020218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Most plants have developed unique mechanisms to cope with harsh environmental conditions to compensate for their lack of mobility. A key part of their coping mechanisms is the synthesis of secondary metabolites. In addition to their role in plants' defense against pathogens, they also possess therapeutic properties against diseases, and their use by humans predates written history. Viruses are a unique class of submicroscopic agents, incapable of independent existence outside a living host. Pathogenic viruses continue to pose a significant threat to global health, leading to innumerable fatalities on a yearly basis. The use of medicinal plants as a natural source of antiviral agents has been widely reported in literature in the past decades. Metabolomics is a powerful research tool for the identification of plant metabolites with antiviral potentials. It can be used to isolate compounds with antiviral capacities in plants and study the biosynthetic pathways involved in viral disease progression. This review discusses the use of medicinal plants as antiviral agents, with a special focus on the metabolomics evidence supporting their efficacy. Suggestions are made for the optimization of various metabolomics methods of characterizing the bioactive compounds in plants and subsequently understanding the mechanisms of their operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Bamise Adeosun
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Box 269, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa;
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23
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Sharma B, Upadhyaya D, Deshmukh P, Chakraborty S, Sahu K, Satapathy S, Majumder SK. Azadirachta indica (AI)leaf extract coated ZnO- AInanocore-shell particles for enhanced antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA). Biomed Mater 2024; 19:025014. [PMID: 38215483 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad1df7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
With the rise in microbial resistance to traditional antibiotics and disinfectants, there is a pressing need for the development of novel and effective antibacterial agents. Two major approaches being adopted worldwide to overcome antimicrobial resistance are the use of plant leaf extracts and metallic nanoparticles (NPs). However, there are no reports on the antibacterial potential of NPs coated with plant extracts, which may lead to novel ways of treating infections. This study presents an innovative approach to engineer antibacterial NPs by leveraging the inherent antibacterial properties of zinc oxide NPs (ZnO NPs) in combination withAzadirachta indica(AI) leaf extract, resulting in enhanced antibacterial efficacy. ZnO NPs were synthesised by the precipitation method and subsequently coated withAIleaf extract to produce ZnO-AInanocore-shell structures. The structural and morphological characteristics of the bare and leaf extract coated ZnO NPs were analysed by x-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The presence of anAIleaf extract coating on ZnO NPs and subsequent formation of ZnO-AInanocore-shell structures was verified through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and photoluminescence techniques. The antibacterial efficacy of both ZnO NPs and ZnO-AInanocore-shell particles was evaluated against methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureususing a zone of inhibition assay. The results showed an NP concentration-dependent increase in the diameter of the inhibition zone, with ZnO-AInanocore-shell particles exhibiting superior antibacterial properties, owing to the combined effect of ZnO NPs and the poly phenols present inAIleaf extract. These findings suggest that ZnO-AInanocore-shell structures hold promise for the development of novel antibacterial creams and hydrogels for various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhumika Sharma
- Functional Biomaterials Lab, Laser Biomedical Applications Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452013, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Dipika Upadhyaya
- Department of Biotechnology, Holkar Science College, Indore 452001, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Pratik Deshmukh
- Functional Biomaterials Lab, Laser Biomedical Applications Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452013, Madhya Pradesh, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sourabrata Chakraborty
- Functional Biomaterials Lab, Laser Biomedical Applications Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452013, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Khageswar Sahu
- Functional Biomaterials Lab, Laser Biomedical Applications Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452013, Madhya Pradesh, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, Maharashtra, India
| | - Srinibas Satapathy
- Functional Biomaterials Lab, Laser Biomedical Applications Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452013, Madhya Pradesh, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shovan Kumar Majumder
- Functional Biomaterials Lab, Laser Biomedical Applications Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452013, Madhya Pradesh, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, Maharashtra, India
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24
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Sharma D, Singh N, Srivastava S. Skin Cancer: An Insight on its Association with Aging, Pathogenesis and Treatment Strategies. Curr Drug Res Rev 2024; 16:134-144. [PMID: 37366353 DOI: 10.2174/2589977515666230627154048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Skin cancer is one of the deadly diseases of the skin characterized by pain and uncontrolled growth of cells. The pathogenesis of skin cancer involves the uncontrolled division of abnormal cells in the part of the body affected by an accumulation of genome variation over the course of a lifetime. The incidence of skin cancer has been increasing all over the world and has been reported more in old-aged persons. Furthermore, aging plays a vital role in promoting malignancy. Cancer necessitates lifelong administration of drugs to maintain the quality of life. The major challenge of treatment is the side effects associated with these drugs. Novel and targeted approaches are now formulated to explore as an alternative measure to treat cancer. The current review summarizes the pathogenesis of cancer and its treatment strategies. These approaches are discussed with regard to the drugs, mechanism of action, causative factors, distribution of cancer, mortality rate, and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Science, Galgotias University, Yamuna Expressway, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201306, India
- PDM Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Bahadurgarh, Haryana, 124507, India
| | - Nikhil Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Science, Galgotias University, Yamuna Expressway, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201306, India
| | - Shikha Srivastava
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Science, Galgotias University, Yamuna Expressway, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201306, India
- Institute of Pharmacy, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, 225003, India
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25
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Adelusi TI, Ojo TO, Bolaji OQ, Oyewole MP, Olaoba OT, Oladipo EK. Predicting Plasmodium falciparum kinase inhibitors from antimalarial medicinal herbs using computational modeling approach. In Silico Pharmacol 2023; 12:4. [PMID: 38130691 PMCID: PMC10730500 DOI: 10.1007/s40203-023-00175-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria remains a significant public health challenge, with resistance to available drugs necessitating the development of novel therapies targeting invasion-dependent proteins. Plasmodium falciparum calcium-dependent protein kinase 1 (PfCDPK-1) is essential for host erythrocyte invasion and parasite asexual development. This study screened a library of 490 compounds using computational methods to identify potential PfCDPK-1 inhibitors. Three compounds; 17-hydroxyazadiradione, Picracin, and Epicatechin-gallate derived from known antimalarial botanicals, showed potent inhibitory effects on PfCDPK-1. These compounds exhibited better binding affinities (-8.8, -9.1, -9.3 kCal/mol respectively), pharmacokinetics, and physicochemical properties than the purported inhibitory standard of PfCDPK-1, Purfalcamine. Molecular dynamics simulations (50 ns) and molecular mechanics analyses confirmed the stability and binding rigidity of these compounds at the active pocket of PfCDPK-1. The results suggest that these compounds are promising pharmacological targets with potential therapeutic effects for malaria treatment/management without undesirable side effects. Therefore, this study provides new insights into the development of effective antimalarial agents targeting invasion-dependent proteins, which could help combat the global malaria burden. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40203-023-00175-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temitope Isaac Adelusi
- Computational Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B 210214, Ogbomoso, Oyo State Nigeria
| | - Taiwo Ooreoluwa Ojo
- Computational Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B 210214, Ogbomoso, Oyo State Nigeria
- Genomics unit, Helix Biogen Institute, P.M.B 212102, Ogbomoso, Oyo State Nigeria
| | - Olawale Quadri Bolaji
- Computational Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B 210214, Ogbomoso, Oyo State Nigeria
| | - Moyosoluwa Precious Oyewole
- Computational Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B 210214, Ogbomoso, Oyo State Nigeria
| | - Olamide Tosin Olaoba
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
| | - Elijah Kolawole Oladipo
- Genomics unit, Helix Biogen Institute, P.M.B 212102, Ogbomoso, Oyo State Nigeria
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Bioinformatics and Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Adeleke University, Ede, Osun State Nigeria
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26
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Kola-Mustapha AT, Ibraheem HF, Taiwo S, Ishola IO, Usman SO, Ghazali YO. Formulation of Entandrophragma utile into an Herbal Emulgel for the Management of Inflammation. Gels 2023; 9:956. [PMID: 38131942 PMCID: PMC10743270 DOI: 10.3390/gels9120956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Globally, the incidence of inflammation and inflammatory disorders has continued to rise at an alarming rate. Entandrophragma utile is a species of flowering plant widely distributed in Africa and has been used for the management of sickle cell disease, rheumatism, ocular inflammation, duodenal and stomach ulcers. This research aims to formulate and evaluate an anti-inflammatory herbal emulgel using an extract from Entandrophragma utile stem bark (EUB). Method: Using a carrageenan-induced paw oedema model, the anti-inflammatory efficacy of EUB the extract was assessed. The formulated Entandrophragma utile emulgels (EUE) were characterized, and their anti-inflammatory activity was demonstrated, by utilizing diclofenac emulgel-treated rats with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis model as the positive control group. Results: The emulgels formulated had characterization results within acceptable ranges; pH (4.25-5.80), viscosity (418.9-112.8 mPas), spreadability (25.00-31.82 gcm/s), extrudability (30.86-51.02 g/cm2), and a swelling index of (30-60%). The emulgel produced a concentration-dependent inflammatory inhibition with a peak effect (117.97%) at the end of the 4th week which was comparable to that of commercial diclofenac (127.19%). The phytochemical analysis led to the identification of saponins, flavonoids, phenols, and tannins as active secondary metabolites. Conclusions: The stem bark extract of E. utile possessed noteworthy (p < 0.05) reduction in inflammation in comparison to diclofenac and its emulgel formulation showed enormous potential for treating inflammation and pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeola Tawakalitu Kola-Mustapha
- College of Pharmacy, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin 240101, Nigeria
| | - Haneefat Folashade Ibraheem
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin 240101, Nigeria
| | - Suleiman Taiwo
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin 240101, Nigeria
| | - Ismail O. Ishola
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos 100001, Nigeria
| | - Sukurat Olasumbo Usman
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Drug Development, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin 240101, Nigeria
| | - Yusuf Oluwagbenga Ghazali
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin 240101, Nigeria
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Sakib R, Caruso F, Belli S, Rossi M. Azadiradione, a Component of Neem Oil, Behaves as a Superoxide Dismutase Mimic When Scavenging the Superoxide Radical, as Shown Using DFT and Hydrodynamic Voltammetry. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3091. [PMID: 38002091 PMCID: PMC10669394 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11113091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The neem tree, Azadirachta indica, belongs to the Meliaceae family, and its use in the treatment of medical disorders from ancient times to the present in the traditional medical practices of Asia, Africa and the Middle East is well-documented. Neem oil, extracted from the seeds of the fruit, is widely used, with promising medicinal benefits. Azadiradione, a principal antioxidant component of the seeds of A. indica, is known to reduce oxidative stress and has anti-inflammatory effects. To directly measure the antioxidant ability of neem oil, we used Rotating Ring Disk Electrode (RRDE) hydrodynamic voltammetry to quantify how it can scavenge superoxide radical anions. The results of these experiments show that neem oil is approximately 26 times stronger than other natural products, such as olive oil, propolis and black seed oil, which were previously measured using this method. Next, computational Density Functional Theory (DFT) methods were used to arrive at a mechanism for the scavenging of superoxide radical anions with azadiradione. Our work indicates that azadiradione is an effective antioxidant and, according to our DFT study, its scavenging of the superoxide radical anion occurs through a reaction mechanism in which azadiradione mimics the antioxidant action of superoxide dismutase (SOD). In this mechanism, analogous to the SOD enzymatic reaction, azadiradione is regenerated, along with the production of two products: hydrogen peroxide and molecular oxygen. This antioxidant process provides an explanation for azadiradione's more general and protective biochemical effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesco Caruso
- Department of Chemistry, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604, USA
| | | | - Miriam Rossi
- Department of Chemistry, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604, USA
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28
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Periferakis A, Periferakis AT, Troumpata L, Periferakis K, Scheau AE, Savulescu-Fiedler I, Caruntu A, Badarau IA, Caruntu C, Scheau C. Kaempferol: A Review of Current Evidence of Its Antiviral Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16299. [PMID: 38003488 PMCID: PMC10671393 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Kaempferol and its derivatives are flavonoids found in various plants, and a considerable number of these have been used in various medical applications worldwide. Kaempferol and its compounds have well-known antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties among other health benefits. However, the antiviral properties of kaempferol are notable, and there is a significant number of experimental studies on this topic. Kaempferol compounds were effective against DNA viruses such as hepatitis B virus, viruses of the alphaherpesvirinae family, African swine fever virus, and pseudorabies virus; they were also effective against RNA viruses, namely feline SARS coronavirus, dengue fever virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, influenza virus, enterovirus 71, poliovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, human immunodeficiency virus, calicivirus, and chikungunya virus. On the other hand, no effectiveness against murine norovirus and hepatitis A virus could be determined. The antiviral action mechanisms of kaempferol compounds are various, such as the inhibition of viral polymerases and of viral attachment and entry into host cells. Future research should be focused on further elucidating the antiviral properties of kaempferol compounds from different plants and assessing their potential use to complement the action of antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argyrios Periferakis
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Akadimia of Ancient Greek and Traditional Chinese Medicine, 16675 Athens, Greece
- Elkyda, Research & Education Centre of Charismatheia, 17675 Athens, Greece
| | - Aristodemos-Theodoros Periferakis
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Elkyda, Research & Education Centre of Charismatheia, 17675 Athens, Greece
| | - Lamprini Troumpata
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Konstantinos Periferakis
- Akadimia of Ancient Greek and Traditional Chinese Medicine, 16675 Athens, Greece
- Pan-Hellenic Organization of Educational Programs (P.O.E.P), 17236 Athens, Greece
| | - Andreea-Elena Scheau
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ilinca Savulescu-Fiedler
- Department of Internal Medicine, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Coltea Clinical Hospital, 030167 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana Caruntu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, “Carol Davila” Central Military Emergency Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Titu Maiorescu” University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana Anca Badarau
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Constantin Caruntu
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Dermatology, “Prof. N.C. Paulescu” National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 011233 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian Scheau
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, “Foisor” Clinical Hospital of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Osteoarticular TB, 021382 Bucharest, Romania
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29
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Dave N, Iqbal A, Patel M, Kant T, Yadav VK, Sahoo DK, Patel A. Deciphering the key pathway for triterpenoid biosynthesis in Azadirachta indica A. Juss.: a comprehensive review of omics studies in nature's pharmacy. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1256091. [PMID: 38023910 PMCID: PMC10664250 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1256091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Since ancient times, Azadirachta indica, or Neem, has been a well-known species of plant that produces a broad range of bioactive terpenoid chemicals that are involved in a variety of biological functions. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that are responsible for the biosynthesis and control of terpenoid synthesis is majorly dependent on successfully identifying the genes that are involved in their production. This review provides an overview of the recent developments concerning the identification of genes in A. indica that are responsible for the production of terpenoids. Numerous candidate genes encoding enzymes that are involved in the terpenoid biosynthesis pathway have been found through the use of transcriptomic and genomic techniques. These candidate genes include those that are responsible for the precursor synthesis, cyclization, and modification of terpenoid molecules. In addition, cutting-edge omics technologies, such as metabolomics and proteomics, have helped to shed light on the intricate regulatory networks that govern terpenoid biosynthesis. These networks are responsible for the production of terpenoids. The identification and characterization of genes involved in terpenoid biosynthesis in A. indica presents potential opportunities for genetic engineering and metabolic engineering strategies targeted at boosting terpenoid production as well as discovering novel bioactive chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitish Dave
- Genetics and Tree Improvement Division, Arid Forest Research Institute, Jodhpur, India
| | - Atif Iqbal
- Genetics and Tree Improvement Division, Arid Forest Research Institute, Jodhpur, India
| | - Margi Patel
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, Gujarat, India
| | - Tarun Kant
- Genetics and Tree Improvement Division, Arid Forest Research Institute, Jodhpur, India
| | - Virendra Kumar Yadav
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, Gujarat, India
| | - Dipak Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Ashish Patel
- Genetics and Tree Improvement Division, Arid Forest Research Institute, Jodhpur, India
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Tewari D, Rawat K, Bisht A, Almoyad MAA, Wahab S, Chandra S, Pande V. Screening of potential inhibitors of Leishmania major N-myristoyltransferase from Azadirachta indica phytochemicals for leishmaniasis drug discovery by molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation and density functional theory methods. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-18. [PMID: 37922151 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2279281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is one of the most neglected parasitic diseases worldwide. The toxicity of current drugs used for its treatment is a major obstacle to their effectiveness, necessitating the discovery and development of new therapeutic agents for better disease control. In Leishmania parasites, N-Myristoyltransferase (NMT) has been identified as a promising target for drug development. Thus, exploring well-known medicinal plants such as Azadirachta indica and their phytochemicals can offer a diverse range of treatment options, potentially leading to disease prevention and control. To assess the therapeutic potential of these compounds, their ADMET prediction and drug-likeness properties were analyzed. The top 4 compounds were selected which had better and significantly low binding energy than the reference molecule QMI. Based on the binding energy score of the top compounds, the results show that Isonimocinolide has the highest binding affinity (-9.8 kcal/mol). In addition, a 100 ns MD simulation of the four best compounds showed that Isonimocinolide and Nimbolide have good stability with LmNMT. These compounds were then subjected to MMPBSA (last 30 ns) calculation to analyze protein-ligand stability and dynamic behavior. Nimbolide and Meldenin showed lowest binding free energy i.e. -84.301 kJ/mol and -91.937 kJ/mol respectively. DFT was employed to calculate the HOMO-LUMO energy gap, global reactivity parameters, and molecular electrostatic potential of all hit molecules. The promising results obtained from MD simulations and MMPBSA analyses provide compelling evidence for the potential use of these compounds in future drug development efforts for the treatment of leishmaniasis.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Disha Tewari
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Kalpana Rawat
- Computational Biology & Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Soban Singh Jeena University, Almora, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Amisha Bisht
- Department of Botany, P.G. College Bageshwar, Soban Singh Jeena University, Almora, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mohammad Ali Abdullah Almoyad
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Khamis Mushyt, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shadma Wahab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Subhash Chandra
- Computational Biology & Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Soban Singh Jeena University, Almora, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Veena Pande
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India
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Hameed S, Atif M, Perveen S. Role of gibberellins, neem leaf extract, and serine in improving wheat growth and grain yield under drought-triggered oxidative stress. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 29:1675-1691. [PMID: 38162918 PMCID: PMC10754809 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-023-01402-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The foliar application of gibberellins (GA3), neem leaf extract (NLE) and serine can be proven as effective growth regulating agents to counter drought stress-related deleterious effects. The literature about the collaborative role of these substances in foliar spray application under drought stress is not available to this date. No single report is available in literature on combine foliar application of GA3, NLE, and serine in improving wheat growth and yield under drought-triggered oxidative stress. The objective of this study was to induct tolerance against drought stress in order to sustain maximum growth and yield of wheat varieties (Anaj-2017 and Galaxy-2013) with foliar applications of GA3, NLE, and serine. The current field trial was designed to disclose the protective role of these substances in wheat varieties (Anaj-2017 and Galaxy-2013) under water-deficit stress. Two irrigation levels, i.e., control (normal irrigation) and water stress (water deficit irrigation), and 5 levels of GA3, NLE and serine i.e., control (water spray), GA3 (10.0 ppm), NLE (10.0%), serine (9.5 mM), and mixture (GA3 + NLE + serine) in a 1:1:1 ratio was applied. Application of these substances improved the pigments (Chlorophyll a, b), carotenoids, growth, biomass, and grain yield traits of both wheat varieties under water-deficit stress. Activities of antioxidant enzymes (POD, CAT and SOD), and non-enzymatic antioxidants (proline, total phenolic contents, anthocyanin and free amino acids) were up-regulated under drought stress and with foliar spray treatments. The foliar applications of these substances reduced the drought triggered overproduction of lipid peroxidation (MDA) and H2O2. The study found that Galaxy-2013 variety is more tolerant to drought stress than Anaj-2017, while co-applied treatments (GA3 + NLE + serine) were shown to be the most effective among all applications. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-023-01402-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidra Hameed
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Atif
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Shagufta Perveen
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
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Sharma N, Vuppu S. The utilization of natural eco-benign sources for sustainable management to preserve hides and docking analysis of identified potential phytochemicals. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1365. [PMID: 37874409 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11857-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
The industrial leather sector is one of the most ancient industries globally and continues to influence the global economic system in contemporary times significantly. Regardless of income, the leather sector is widely recognized as a significant environmentally detrimental sector because of the utilization of materials involved in preserving and processing leather. Raw hides, the primary ingredient in the leather industry, are highly susceptible to microbial attack once they have been flayed from animals. The current review provides information about the diverse operational processes employed in the beam house to produce leather goods. This paper primarily focuses on the preservation of various types of hides, including those derived from goats, cows, sheeps, deers, pigs, and other species, with particular emphasis on bio-based preservation methods. It also discusses various salt and salt-free curing methods along with their limitations. Furthermore, it reviews a viable and economically advantageous option for preserving animal hides using plant and microbial sources. Moreover, it focuses on investigating the molecular docking interactions between three critical enzymes in the phytochemical synthesis pathway, namely phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, phosphomevalonate kinase, and dihydroflavonol 4-reductase, and a set of specific modulators, followed by ADMET analyses. The objective was to determine the optimal binding affinity score for these enzyme-modulator complexes through virtual screening. The depiction of protein-ligand interactions offers potential benefits for future research endeavours, as well as valuable insights into the identification of modulators and the evaluation of the potency and efficacy of phytochemicals in the preservation of hides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Sharma
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, -632014, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Suneetha Vuppu
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, -632014, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Nath R, Baishya S, Nath D, Nahar L, Sarker SD, Choudhury MD, Talukdar AD. Identifying druggable targets from active constituents of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. for non-small cell lung cancer using network pharmacology and validation through molecular docking. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2023; 34:855-868. [PMID: 37337376 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Azadirachta indica A. Juss. is a well-known medicinal plant that has been used traditionally to cure various ailments in every corner of the globe. There are many in vitro and in vivo experimental evidences in connection with the bioactivity of the extracts of this plant. Lung cancer is the deadliest form of cancer and contributes to the most cancer related deaths. The mode of action of anticancer components of this plant is still to be established explicitly. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to identify druggable targets of active constituents of A. indica A. Juss. for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) using network pharmacology and validation of activity through molecular docking analysis. METHODOLOGY Targets of all the active phytochemicals from A. indica were predicted and genes related to NSCLC were retrieved. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of the overlapping genes were prepared. Various databases and servers were employed to analyse the disease pathway enrichment analysis of the clustered genes. Validation of the gene/protein activity was achieved by performing molecular docking, and ADMET profiling of selected phytocompounds was performed. RESULT Gene networking revealed three key target genes as EGFR, BRAF and PIK3CA against NSCLC by the active components of A. indica. Molecular docking and ADMET analysis further validated that desacetylnimbin, nimbandiol, nimbin, nimbinene, nimbolide, salannin and vepinin are the best suited anti- NSCLC among all the phytocompounds present in this plant. CONCLUSION The present study has provided a better understanding of the pharmacological effects of active components from A. indica and its potential therapeutic effect on NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajat Nath
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Somorita Baishya
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Deepa Nath
- Department of Botany, Guru Charan College, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Lutfun Nahar
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Satyajit D Sarker
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery (CNPD), School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Anupam Das Talukdar
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
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Sudhakaran G, Velayutham M, Aljarba NH, Al-Hazani TM, Arokiyaraj S, Guru A, Arockiaraj J. Nimbin (N1) and analog N3 from the neem seeds suppress the migration of osteosarcoma MG-63 cells and arrest the cells in a quiescent state mediated via activation of the caspase-modulated apoptotic pathway. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:7357-7369. [PMID: 37450077 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08627-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural products are considered effective sources for new therapeutic research and development. The numerous therapeutic properties of natural substances in traditional medicine compel us to investigate the anti-cancer properties of Nimbin (N1) and its semi-natural analog Nimbic acid (N3) from Azadirachta indica against MG-63 Osteosarcoma cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS The therapeutic efficacy of N1 and N3 were screened for their toxicity and cytotoxic activity using L6 myotubes, zebrafish larvae and MG-63 osteosarcoma cells. The mitochondrial membrane potential was evaluated using the Rhodamine 123 stain. Further, the nuclear and cellular damage was distinguished using Hoechst and Acridine orange/EtBr stain. The mechanism of cell cycle progression, cellular proliferation and caspase cascade activation was screened using scratch assay, flow cytometry, and mRNA expression analysis. RESULTS The Nimbin and analogue N3 were found to be non-toxic to normal L6 cells (Rat skeletal muscles), exhibited cytotoxicity in MG-63 cells, and were exposed to be an active inhibitor of cell proliferation and migration. Analogs N1 and N3 induced negative mitochondrial membrane potential when stained with Rhodamine 123, leading to nuclear damage and apoptosis stimulation using AO/EtBr and Hoechst. Further, N1 and N3 induced cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase in flow cytometry using PI staining and induced apoptosis by activating the caspase cascade and upregulated Caspase 3 and caspase 9. CONCLUSION The study demonstrated cytotoxic activity against MG-63 osteosarcoma cells while being non-toxic to normal L6 cells. These compounds inhibited cell proliferation and migration, induced mitochondrial dysfunction, nuclear damage, and apoptosis stimulation. Furthermore, N1 and N3 caused cell cycle arrest and activated the caspase cascade, ultimately leading to apoptosis. These findings indicate that N1 and N3 hold promise as potential candidates used alone or combined with existing drugs for further investigation and development as anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokul Sudhakaran
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu District, Kattankulatur, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manikandan Velayutham
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Integrative Physiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Thandalam, Chennai, 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nada H Aljarba
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahani Mohamad Al-Hazani
- Biology Department, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 83, Al-Kharj, 11940, Saudi Arabia
| | - Selvaraj Arokiyaraj
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Ajay Guru
- Department of Cariology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, SIMATS, Chennai, 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu District, Kattankulatur, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Zintle M, Siwaphiwe P, Marthe Carine F, Thierry Youmbi F, Derek Tantoh N, Suprakas Sinha R, Blessing Atim A. Antibacterial study of carbopol-mastic gum/silver nanoparticle-based topical gels with carvacrol/neem bark extract in vitro. J Wound Care 2023; 32:clxxxi-clxxxix. [PMID: 37703219 DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2023.32.sup9a.clxxxi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance to antimicrobial drugs as a result of prolonged use usually results in clinical failure, especially in wound infections. Development of effective antimicrobial therapeutics for the management of infected wounds from a natural source with improved therapeutic effects is a pressing need. OBJECTIVE In this study, carbopol-mastic gum-based topical gels were loaded with silver nanoparticles in combination with either neem bark extract or carvacrol oil. The effect of combining silver nanoparticles with neem bark extract or the essential oil carvacrol in the prepared gel formulations was investigated on selected bacterial strains. METHOD The prepared gels were characterised by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, followed by antimicrobial analysis against selected strains of bacteria. RESULTS There was no interaction between the loaded natural extract or essential oil and the polymer used for the preparation of the formulations, which was visible from the FTIR spectra of the formulations. The gels were selective and effective against selected strains of bacteria. However, the combination of the silver nanoparticles with essential oil or natural extract in some of the gel formulations rendered the formulation ineffective against some of the bacterial strains. CONCLUSION The gel formulations were effective against bacterial strains such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis which are the common causes of wound infections. Incorporation of silver nanoparticles into the topical formulations with natural extracts is usually a good approach to overcome antibiotic-resistant infections. However, the combination of antibacterial agents must be managed carefully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mbese Zintle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice Campus, Eastern Cape, South Africa
| | - Peteni Siwaphiwe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice Campus, Eastern Cape, South Africa
| | - Fotsing Marthe Carine
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Fonkui Thierry Youmbi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ndinteh Derek Tantoh
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ray Suprakas Sinha
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, Johannesburg, South Africa
- DST/CSIR National Centre for Nanostructured Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
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Garrido L, Lyra P, Rodrigues J, Viana J, Mendes JJ, Barroso H. Revisiting Oral Antiseptics, Microorganism Targets and Effectiveness. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1332. [PMID: 37763100 PMCID: PMC10532628 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13091332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A good oral health status is mostly dependent on good oral hygiene habits, which knowingly impacts systemic health. Although controversial, chemical oral antiseptics can be useful in adjunct use to mechanical dental plaque control techniques in the prevention and management of local and overall health and well-being. This review aims to revisit, gather and update evidence-based clinical indications for the use of the most popular oral antiseptics, considering different types, microorganism targets and effectiveness in order to establish updated clinical recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Helena Barroso
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, Caparica, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal (P.L.); (J.V.); (J.J.M.)
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Sanpinit S, Wetchakul P, Chonsut P, Prommee N, Punsawad C, Han J, Net-Anong S. Evaluation of Chemical Compositions and the Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Properties of the Aqueous Extract of Tri-Yannarose Recipe ( Areca catechu, Azadirachta indica, and Tinospora crispa). Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1428. [PMID: 37507966 PMCID: PMC10376335 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Tri-Yannarose is a Thai traditional herbal medicine formula composed of Areca catechu, Azadirachta indica, and Tinospora crispa. It possesses antipyretic, diuretic, expectorant, and appetite-stimulating effects. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activities, cytotoxicity, and chemical constituents of an aqueous extract following a Tri-Yannarose recipe and its plant ingredients. The phytochemical analysis was performed using LC-QTOF-MS. Antioxidant activities were determined using DPPH, ABTS, TPC, TFC, FRAP, NBT, MCA, and ORAC assays. Cytotoxicity was investigated using a methyl thiazol tetrazolium (MTT) assay. In addition, the relationship between the chemical composition of Tri-Yannarose and antioxidant activities was investigated by examining the structure-activity relationship (SAR). The results of the LC-QTOF-MS analysis revealed trigonelline, succinic acid, citric acid, and other chemical constituents. The aqueous extract of the recipe showed significant scavenging effects against ABTS and DPPH radicals, with IC50 values of 1054.843 ± 151.330 and 747.210 ± 44.173 µg/mL, respectively. The TPC of the recipe was 92.685 mg of gallic acid equivalent/g of extract and the TFC was 14.160 mg of catechin equivalent/g of extract. All extracts demonstrated lower toxicity in the Vero cell line according to the MTT assay. In addition, the SAR analysis indicated that prenyl arabinosyl-(1-6)-glucoside and quinic acid were the primary antioxidant compounds in the Tri-Yannarose extract. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that Tri-Yannarose and its plant ingredients have potent antioxidant activities with low toxicity. These results support the application of the Tri-Yannarose recipe for the management of a range of disorders related to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sineenart Sanpinit
- Department of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
- Research Center in Tropical Pathobiology, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Palika Wetchakul
- Department of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
- Research Center in Tropical Pathobiology, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Piriya Chonsut
- Department of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
- Research Center in Tropical Pathobiology, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Nuntika Prommee
- Department of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Chuchard Punsawad
- Research Center in Tropical Pathobiology, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Jaehong Han
- Metalloenzyme Research Group, Department of Plant Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, 4726 Seodong-daero, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Soiphet Net-Anong
- Department of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
- Research Center in Tropical Pathobiology, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
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Bhat NA, Jeri L, Karmakar D, Mipun P, Bharali P, Sheikh N, Nongkynrih CJ, Kumar Y. Ethnoveterinary practises of medicinal plants used for the treatment of different cattle diseases: A case study in East Khasi Hill district of Meghalaya, North East India. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18214. [PMID: 37501975 PMCID: PMC10368863 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction For generations, the inhabitants of Meghalaya have relied on medicinal plants to maintain the health of their livestock and treat various illnesses that may afflict their animals. Due to the lack of survey for use and documentation, these plants have never been undertaken. Therefore, it is imperative to explore the diversity, utilization, and phytochemical profile of these plants and quantitatively analyse the data to identify important medicinal plants. By doing so, we can better understand the potential of these plants for developing novel drugs. Methods Frequent field trips were made for the collection of ethnoveterinary data of medicinal plants from local animal-keepers, traditional healers (THs) and inhabitants of different age groups. This information was gathered through semi-structured interviews, individual discussions, direct field-use observation, and questionnaires. A total of 52 informants (35 females and 17 males) were interviewed from seven rural villages and the information obtained from them were quantitatively analysed using the informant consensus factor (ICF), and fidelity level (FL). Additionally, for each documented plant, available published literature was extensively surveyed to identify the presence of bioactive chemical compounds responsible for their therapeutic effects. Results During the present study, a total 96 plants, distributed into 87 genera and 43 families were identified and recorded for their use in ethnoveterinary practices against more than 25 diseases. Out of the recorded plant species, the Fabaceae family was found to be the most dominant with seven species, followed by Poaceae and Lamiaceae with six species each, and Moraceae with five species. The leaves (50.00%) and seeds (12.50%) were the most frequently used plant parts, while the paste (30 species) was the common mode of application. Aegle marmelos Correa exhibited a fidelity level (FL) of 100% for indigestion, while Tagetes erecta L. had a fidelity level of 94.11% for wound treatment, making them the most promising candidates for further study. The highest FIC value of 1.00 was recorded for the treatment of neurological disorder (1.00), followed by foot and mouth disease (FIC 0.91), which depicted that some species were frequently utilized to treat multiple livestock ailments. Conclusion The study presents trustworthy information about medicinal plants and their associated indigenous ethnoveterinary knowledge. It has been scientifically proven that these plants contain bioactive compounds responsible for their therapeutic properties. However, this knowledge is in danger of being lost due to factors like socioeconomic changes, environmental and technological alterations, and lack of interest from younger generations. Therefore, it is essential to document this empirical folklore knowledge systematically and take measures to protect and conserve it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazir Ahmad Bhat
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022, Meghalaya, India
- Department of Botany, University of Science and Technology (USTM), Ri-Bhoi, 793101, Meghalaya, India
| | - Licha Jeri
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022, Meghalaya, India
| | - Dolly Karmakar
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022, Meghalaya, India
| | - Puranjoy Mipun
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022, Meghalaya, India
- Department of Botany, Bhattadev University, Bajali, 781325, Assam, India
| | - Pankaj Bharali
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, Biological Sciences and Technology Division (BSTD), CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, 785006, Assam, India
| | - Nilofer Sheikh
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022, Meghalaya, India
- Department of Botany, Biswanath College, Biswanath Chariali, 784176, Assam, India
| | - Chester John Nongkynrih
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022, Meghalaya, India
| | - Yogendra Kumar
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022, Meghalaya, India
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Ramalho CEL, Reis DDS, Caixeta GAB, Oliveira MCD, Silva DMFD, Cruvinel WDM, Teófilo MNG, Gomes CM, Sousa PAD, Soares LF, Melo AMD, Rocha JD, Bailão EFLC, Amaral VCS, Paula JAMD. Genotoxicity and maternal-fetal safety of the dried extract of leaves of Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Meliaceae) in Wistar rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 310:116403. [PMID: 36963474 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Meliaceae), popularly known as "neem", is used for the treatment of rheumatism, cancer, ulcers, diabetes, respiratory problems, among others. This species is present on six continents and contains more than 400 bioactive compounds. Practically all parts of the plant are used in the treatment of diseases. Although it is widely used, no study has evaluated the safety of this species throughout the gestational period in Wistar rats. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the genotoxicity and the effect of treatment with dried extract of leaves of Azadirachta indica on maternal toxicity and fetal development. MATERIALS AND METHODS The dried extract of leaves of A. indica was obtained by spray drying after percolation of the plant material in 30% ethanol (w/w). The total flavonoids and rutin contents of the extract were determined by spectrophotometric method and HPLC-DAD, respectively. Pregnant Wistar rats (n = 40) were divided into four groups (n = 10/group): one control and three groups treated with dried extract of leaves of A. indica at doses of 300, 600 or 1200 mg/kg. Treatments were carried out from gestational day (GD) 0-20. During gestation, clinical signs of toxicity, weight gain, feed and water consumption of the dams were evaluated. On GD 21, rats were euthanized and cardiac blood was collected. Liver, kidneys, lung, heart, uterus, ovaries and bone marrow were collected. Reproductive performance parameters, histopathological analysis, biochemistry and genotoxicity were evaluated. Fetuses were evaluated for external morphology, skeletal and visceral changes. RESULTS The total flavonoid content of the extract ranged from 2.64 to 3.01%, and the rutin content was 1.07%. There was no change in body mass gain, food and water consumption between the evaluated groups. There was also no difference between the groups in terms of biochemical parameters, reproductive performance, histopathological analysis of the mother's organs and genotoxicity. Supernumerary ossification sites of the sternum were observed, and other skeletal and visceral alterations were not significant. CONCLUSIONS The treatment did not induce maternal toxicity, it was neither embryotoxic nor fetotoxic. The extract was not potentially genotoxic, and at a dose of 1200 mg/kg, it caused changes in the ossification of the sternum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Eduardo Lacerda Ramalho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas a Produtos para Saúde (CAPS). Universidade Estadual de Goiás. Campus Anápolis de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil; Laboratório de Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento & Inovação de Produtos da Biodiversidade. Universidade Estadual de Goiás. Campus Anápolis de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Diego Dos Santos Reis
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Toxicologia de Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos. Universidade Estadual de Goiás. Campus Anápolis de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Graziele Alícia Batista Caixeta
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas a Produtos para Saúde (CAPS). Universidade Estadual de Goiás. Campus Anápolis de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil; Laboratório de Farmacologia e Toxicologia de Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos. Universidade Estadual de Goiás. Campus Anápolis de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Micaelle Cristina de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Toxicologia de Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos. Universidade Estadual de Goiás. Campus Anápolis de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Danielle Milany Fernandes da Silva
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Toxicologia de Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos. Universidade Estadual de Goiás. Campus Anápolis de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Wilson de Melo Cruvinel
- Escola de Ciências Médicas e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Clayson Moura Gomes
- Escola de Ciências Médicas e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Leiza Fagundes Soares
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas a Produtos para Saúde (CAPS). Universidade Estadual de Goiás. Campus Anápolis de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil; Laboratório de Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento & Inovação de Produtos da Biodiversidade. Universidade Estadual de Goiás. Campus Anápolis de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Anielly Monteiro de Melo
- Laboratório de Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento & Inovação de Produtos da Biodiversidade. Universidade Estadual de Goiás. Campus Anápolis de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Jamira Dias Rocha
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia. Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Campus Anápolis de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Elisa Flávia Luiz Cardoso Bailão
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia. Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Campus Anápolis de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Cristiane Santana Amaral
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas a Produtos para Saúde (CAPS). Universidade Estadual de Goiás. Campus Anápolis de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil; Laboratório de Farmacologia e Toxicologia de Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos. Universidade Estadual de Goiás. Campus Anápolis de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Joelma Abadia Marciano de Paula
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas a Produtos para Saúde (CAPS). Universidade Estadual de Goiás. Campus Anápolis de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil; Laboratório de Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento & Inovação de Produtos da Biodiversidade. Universidade Estadual de Goiás. Campus Anápolis de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil.
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Abu-Elala NM, Khattab MS, AbuBakr HO, Helmy S, Hesham A, Younis NA, Dawood MAO, El Basuini MF. Neem leaf powder (Azadirachta indica) mitigates oxidative stress and pathological alterations triggered by lead toxicity in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Sci Rep 2023; 13:9170. [PMID: 37280317 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36121-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the clinical and pathological symptoms of waterborne lead toxicity in wild Nile tilapia collected from a lead-contaminated area (the Mariotteya Canal: Pb = 0.6 ± 0.21 mg L-1) and a farmed fish after 2 weeks of experimental exposure to lead acetate (5-10 mg L-1) in addition to evaluating the efficacy of neem leaf powder (NLP) treatment in mitigating symptoms of lead toxicity. A total of 150 fish (20 ± 2 g) were alienated into five groups (30 fish/group with three replicates). G1 was assigned as a negative control without any treatments. Groups (2-5) were exposed to lead acetate for 2 weeks at a concentration of 5 mg L-1 (G2 and G3) or 10 mg L-1 (G4 and G5). During the lead exposure period, all groups were reared under the same conditions, while G3 and G5 were treated with 1 g L-1 NLP. Lead toxicity induced DNA fragmentation and lipid peroxidation and decreased the level of glutathione and expression of heme synthesis enzyme delta aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase (ALA-D) in wild tilapia, G2, and G4. NLP could alleviate the oxidative stress stimulated by lead in G3 and showed an insignificant effect in G5. The pathological findings, including epithelial hyperplasia in the gills, edema in the gills and muscles, degeneration and necrosis in the liver and muscle, and leukocytic infiltration in all organs, were directly correlated with lead concentration. Thus, the aqueous application of NLP at 1 g L-1 reduced oxidative stress and lowered the pathological alterations induced by lead toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermeen M Abu-Elala
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, King Salman International University, South Sinai, Egypt
| | - Marwa S Khattab
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Huda O AbuBakr
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Samah Helmy
- Department of Immunology, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Hesham
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
- Middle East for Veterinary Vaccine (MEVAC), El-Salihya El-Gededa, 44671, El-Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Nehal A Younis
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A O Dawood
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516, Egypt
- The Center for Applied Research on the Environment and Sustainability, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Mohammed F El Basuini
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
- Faculty of Desert Agriculture, King Salman International University, South Sinai, 46618, Egypt.
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Sagar SS, Rani S, Pushpa Sadanandan S. Combined Effect of Isolated Bacteriophage and Neem Extract on Isolated Multiple Drug-Resistant Pathogenic Escherichia coli E1 From Well Water. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INSIGHTS 2023; 17:11786302231166818. [PMID: 37223331 PMCID: PMC10201146 DOI: 10.1177/11786302231166818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Multiple drug-resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a serious cause of concern, and they can be observed in hospital settings, natural environment, and animals. Dissemination of multiple drug-resistant (MDR) E. coli can pose a high risk to public health. Moreover, they are hard to control with commercial antibiotics, since they have acquired resistance against most of them. Therefore, to control multiple drug-resistant bacteria, alternative strategies have been adopted such as phage therapy, herbal remedies, nanoparticles etc. In the current study, the combined application of neem leaf extract and bacteriophage is used to control an isolated multiple drug-resistant E. coli E1. We have applied 0.1 mg/ml concentration of neem extract in combination with an isolated phage vB_EcoM_C2 of 1011 titer and found that the combinatorial treatment approach significantly controls the growth of E. coli E1 as compared to a single non-combinatorial treatment. In this study, every E. coli cell is targeted by 2 antimicrobials (phage and neem extract) at the same time, which is more effective as compared to the sole treatment. Implementation of the neem extract with phage opens a new alternative approach to the chemotherapeutics for the control of multiple drug-resistant bacterial pathogens. This approach may be effective, economical, and eco-friendly to combat MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadhana Singh Sagar
- Sadhana Singh Sagar, Ecology and
Environment Research Group, Center for Water Resources Development and
management, Kunnamangalam, Kozhikode 673571, Kerala.
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Elghandour MMMY, Acosta-Lozano N, Alvarado TD, Castillo-Lopez E, Cipriano-Salazar M, Barros-Rodríguez M, Inyang UA, Purba RAP, Salem AZM. Influence of Azadirachta indica and Cnidoscolus angustidens aqueous extract on cattle ruminal gas production and degradability in vitro. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1090729. [PMID: 37266386 PMCID: PMC10230098 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1090729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mitigation of ruminant greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is crucial for more appropriate livestock production. Thus, there is a need of further research evaluating feed supplementation strategies to mitigate enteric GHG emissions and other gases produced within the rumen. Methods This study was conducted as a completely randomized experimental design to determine the effectiveness of liquid extracts from A. indica (AZI), C. angustidens (CNA), or their combination (Mix. 1:1) at dosages of 0, 36, 72, and 108 mg of liquid extract/g DM substrate incubated in reducing GHG production in vitro, particularly methane (CH4), from the diet of steers during anaerobic incubation in rumen fluid. Total gas production, CH4, CO, H2S, and fermentative characteristics were all measured in vitro. Results Treatment AZI at a dose of 108 mg of liquid extract/g DM substrate produced the highest (P < 0.05) gas volume at 6 h, whereas CNA at a dose of 72 mg of liquid extract/ g DM substrate produced the least (P < 0.05) at 6 and 24 h, and Mix. at a dose of 72 mg of liquid extract/g DM substrate produced the least (P < 0.05) at 48 h. In addition, CH4 levels at 6 and 24 h of incubation (36 mg/g DM substrate) were highest (P < 0.05) for CNA, and lowest (P < 0.05) for AZI, whereas this variable was lowest (P < 0.05) at 72 mg of liquid extract for CNA at 24 and 48 h. At 6 and 24 h, CO volume was highest (P < 0.05) for AZI at 108 mg of liquid extract and lowest (P < 0.05) for Mix. at 72 mg of liquid extract. Treatment Mix. had a high (P < 0.05) concentration of short chain fatty acids at 72 mg of liquid extract/g DM of substrate. Discussion In general, herbaceous perennial plants, such as AZI and CNA, could be considered suitable for mitigating enteric GHG emissions from animals. Specifically, the treatment Mix. achieved a greater sustainable reduction of 67.6% in CH4 and 47.5% in H2S production when compared to either AZI. This reduction in CH4 might suggest the potential of the combination of both plant extracts for mitigating the production of GHG from ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona M. M. Y. Elghandour
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Mexico
| | - Néstor Acosta-Lozano
- Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Estatal Península de Santa Elena, Santa Elena, Ecuador
| | - Tonantzin Díaz Alvarado
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Mexico
| | - Ezequias Castillo-Lopez
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlan, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), Cuautitlan, Mexico
- Department of Farm Animals and Public Health, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Moises Cipriano-Salazar
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia No. 1, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Marcos Barros-Rodríguez
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Sector el Tambo-La Universidad, vía a Quero, Cevallos, Ambato, Ecuador
| | - Udoh Akpan Inyang
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria
| | - Rayudika Aprilia Patindra Purba
- School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Abdelfattah Z. M. Salem
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Mexico
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Hussain S, Javed W, Tajammal A, Khalid M, Rasool N, Riaz M, Shahid M, Ahmad I, Muhammad R, Shah SAA. Synergistic Antibacterial Screening of Cymbopogon citratus and Azadirachta indica: Phytochemical Profiling and Antioxidant and Hemolytic Activities. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:16600-16611. [PMID: 37214690 PMCID: PMC10193546 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Current studies were performed to investigate the phytochemistry, synergistic antibacterial, antioxidant, and hemolytic activities of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Azadirachta indica (EA and WA) and Cymbopogon citratus (EC and WC) leaves. Fourier transform infrared data verified the existence of alcoholic, carboxylic, aldehydic, phenyl, and bromo moieties in plant leaves. The ethanolic extracts (EA and EC) were significantly richer in phenolics and flavonoids as compared to the aqueous extracts (WA and WC). The ethanolic extract of C. citratus (EC) contained higher concentrations of caffeic acid (1.432 mg/g), synapic acid (6.743 mg/g), and benzoic acid (7.431 mg/g) as compared to all other extracts, whereas chlorogenic acid (0.311 mg/g) was present only in the aqueous extract of A. indica (WA). Food preservative properties of C. citratus can be due to the presence of benzoic acid (7.431 mg/g). -Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis demonstrated the presence of 36 and 23 compounds in A. indica and C. citratus leaves, respectively. Inductively coupled plasma analysis was used to determine the concentration of 26 metals (Al, As, B, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Si, Sn, Sr, V, Zn, Zr, Ti); the metal concentrations were higher in aqueous extracts as compared to the ethanolic extracts. The extracts were generally richer in calcium (3000-7858 ppm), potassium (13662-53,750 ppm), and sodium (3181-8445 ppm) and hence can be used in food supplements as a source of these metals. Antioxidant potential (DDPH method) of C. citratus ethanolic extract was the highest (74.50 ± 0.66%), whereas it was the lowest (32.22 ± 0.28%) for the aqueous extract of A. indica. Synergistic inhibition of bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli) was observed when the aqueous extracts of both the plants were mixed together in certain ratios (v/v). The highest antibacterial potential was exhibited by the pure extract of C. citratus, which was even higher than that of the standard drug (ciprofloxacin). The plant extracts and their mixtures were more active against S. aureus as compared to E. coli. No toxic hemolytic effects were observed for the investigated extracts indicating their safe medicinal uses for human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabbir Hussain
- Institute
of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of
Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
| | - Warda Javed
- Department
of Chemistry, Lahore Garrison University, DHA Phase VI, Lahore 54792, Pakistan
| | - Affifa Tajammal
- Department
of Chemistry, Lahore Garrison University, DHA Phase VI, Lahore 54792, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Khalid
- Institute
of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of
Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
- Centre
for Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan
| | - Nasir Rasool
- Department
of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Department
of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty
of Science and Technology University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Iqbal Ahmad
- Department
of Chemistry, Allama Iqbal Open University, 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Riaz Muhammad
- Department
of Chemistry, Lahore Garrison University, DHA Phase VI, Lahore 54792, Pakistan
| | - Syed Adnan Ali Shah
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan
Selangor Kampus Puncak Alam, Bandar Puncak Alam 42300, Selangor D. E., Malaysia
- Atta-ur-Rahman
Institute for Natural Product Discovery (AuRIns), Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor Kampus Puncak Alam, Bandar Puncak Alam 42300, Selangor D. E., Malaysia
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Mongkolpobsin K, Sillapachaiyaporn C, Nilkhet S, Tencomnao T, Baek SJ. Stigmasterol isolated from Azadirachta indica flowers attenuated glutamate-induced neurotoxicity via downregulation of the Cdk5/p35/p25 signaling pathway in the HT-22 cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 113:154728. [PMID: 36898255 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutamate, an excitatory neurotransmitter, was elevated in the brain of neurodegenerative disease (ND) patients. The excessive glutamate induces Ca2+ influx and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production which exacerbates mitochondrial function, leading to mitophagy aberration, and hyperactivates Cdk5/p35/p25 signaling leading to neurotoxicity in ND. Stigmasterol, a phytosterol, has been reported for its neuroprotective effects; however, the underlying mechanism of stigmasterol on restoring glutamate-induced neurotoxicity is not fully investigated. PURPOSE We investigated the effect of stigmasterol, a compound isolated from Azadirachta indica (AI) flowers, on ameliorating glutamate-induced neuronal apoptosis in the HT-22 cells. STUDY DESIGN To further understand the underlying molecular mechanisms of stigmasterol, we investigated the effect of stigmasterol on Cdk5 expression, which was aberrantly expressed in glutamate-treated cells. Cell viability, Western blot analysis, and immunofluorescence are employed. RESULTS Stigmasterol significantly inhibited glutamate-induced neuronal cell death via attenuating ROS production, recovering mitochondrial membrane depolarization, and ameliorating mitophagy aberration by decreasing mitochondria/lysosome fusion and the ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I. In addition, stigmasterol treatment downregulated glutamate-induced Cdk5, p35, and p25 expression via enhancement of Cdk5 degradation and Akt phosphorylation. Although stigmasterol demonstrated neuroprotective effects on inhibiting glutamate-induced neurotoxicity, the efficiency of stigmasterol is limited due to its poor water solubility. We conjugated stigmasterol to soluble soybean polysaccharides with chitosan nanoparticles to overcome the limitations. We found that the encapsulated stigmasterol increased water solubility and enhanced the protective effect on attenuating the Cdk5/p35/p25 signaling pathway compared with free stigmasterol. CONCLUSION Our findings illustrate the neuroprotective effect and the improved utility of stigmasterol in inhibiting glutamate-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuljira Mongkolpobsin
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Program in Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Chanin Sillapachaiyaporn
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Program in Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Sunita Nilkhet
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Program in Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Tewin Tencomnao
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-ageing (Neur-Age Natura) Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Seung Joon Baek
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea.
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Gedda G, Sankaranarayanan SA, Putta CL, Gudimella KK, Rengan AK, Girma WM. Green synthesis of multi-functional carbon dots from medicinal plant leaves for antimicrobial, antioxidant, and bioimaging applications. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6371. [PMID: 37076562 PMCID: PMC10115846 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33652-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In this research work, carbon dots (CDs) were synthesized from the renewable leaves of an indigenous medicinal plant by the one-pot sand bath method, Azadirachta indica. The synthesized CDs were characterized for its optical properties using UV-Vis, Fluorescence and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrophotometry and for structural properties using dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and high resolution Transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). The synthesized CDs exhibited concentration dependent biocompatibility when tested in mouse fibroblast L929 cell line. The EC50 values of biomedical studies, free radical scavenging activity (13.87 μgmL-1), and total antioxidant capacity (38 μgmL-1) proved CDs were exceptionally good. These CDs showed an appreciable zone of inhibition when examined on four bacterial (two gram-positive and gram-negative) and two fungal strains at minimum concentrations. Cellular internalisation studies performed on human breast cancer cells (MCF 7- bioimaging) revealed the applicability of CDs in bioimaging, wherein the inherent fluorescence of CDs were utilised. Thus, the CDs developed are potential as bioimaging, antioxidants and antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangaraju Gedda
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering, Presidency University, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560064, India
| | - Sri Amruthaa Sankaranarayanan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy, Telangana, 502285, India
| | - Chandra Lekha Putta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy, Telangana, 502285, India
| | - Krishna Kanthi Gudimella
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to Be University), Rudraram, Telangana, 502329, India.
| | - Aravind Kumar Rengan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy, Telangana, 502285, India.
| | - Wubshet Mekonnen Girma
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Wollo University, P.O. Box: 1145, Dessie, Ethiopia.
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Kola-Mustapha AT, Raji MA, Adedeji O, Ambrose GO. Network Pharmacology and Molecular Modeling to Elucidate the Potential Mechanism of Neem Oil against Acne vulgaris. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062849. [PMID: 36985821 PMCID: PMC10056471 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is a common skin disorder with a complicated etiology. Papules, lesions, comedones, blackheads, and other skin lesions are common physical manifestations of Acne vulgaris, but the individual who has it also regularly has psychological repercussions. Natural oils are being utilized more and more to treat skin conditions since they have fewer negative effects and are expected to provide benefits. Using network pharmacology, this study aims to ascertain if neem oil has any anti-acne benefits and, if so, to speculate on probable mechanisms of action for such effects. The neem leaves (Azadirachta indica) were collected, verified, authenticated, and assigned a voucher number. After steam distillation was used to extract the neem oil, the phytochemical components of the oil were examined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The components of the oil were computationally examined for drug-likeness using Lipinski's criteria. The Pharm Mapper service was used to anticipate the targets. Prior to pathway and protein-protein interaction investigations, molecular docking was performed to predict binding affinity. Neem oil was discovered to be a potential target for STAT1, CSK, CRABP2, and SYK genes in the treatment of Acne vulgaris. In conclusion, it was discovered that the neem oil components with PubChem IDs: ID_610088 (2-(1-adamantyl)-N-methylacetamide), ID_600826 (N-benzyl-2-(2-methyl-5-phenyl-3H-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)acetamide), and ID_16451547 (N-(3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(1-phenyltetrazol-5-yl)sulfanylpropanamide) have strong affinities for these drug targets and may thus be used as therapeutic agents in the treatment of acne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeola Tawakalitu Kola-Mustapha
- College of Pharmacy, Alfaisal University Riyadh, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin 240101, Nigeria
| | - Muhabat Adeola Raji
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Oluwakorede Adedeji
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin 240101, Nigeria
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Israr M, Naseem N, Akhtar T, Aftab U, Zafar MS, Faheem MA, Shahzad M. Nimbolide attenuates complete Freund's adjuvant induced arthritis through expression regulation of toll-like receptors signaling pathway. Phytother Res 2023; 37:903-912. [PMID: 36437579 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nimbolide is an active constituent of Azadirachta indica and is known for its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, immune-modulatory, and anti-cancer effects. Few studies suggest that nimbolide treatment influences the responses to rheumatoid arthritis, but the underlying molecular mechanisms involved are not yet well established. Therefore, the present study was designed to determine the effect of nimbolide on expression regulation of toll-like receptors to attenuate rheumatoid arthritis. The rheumatoid arthritis model was established by injecting complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) intra-dermally into the sub-plantar region of the left hind paw of rats. Nimbolide (20 mg/kg) and piroxicam (10 mg/kg) were given to arthritic rats. Rats treated with nimbolide showed a significant reduction in inflammatory cells, rheumatoid factor, ESR, and improved the body weight. The results indicated that nimbolide possesses the capacity to attenuate rheumatoid arthritis by downregulating toll-like receptors, IL-17, IL-23, HSP70, and IFN-γ expression levels. Nimbolide treatment showed significant reduction in the severity of inflammation and destruction of joints and showed comparable effects to piroxicam, which is a standard non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. It can be concluded that nimbolide can be considered as a potential candidate for therapeutic targeting of the toll-like receptors pathway in rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maham Israr
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nadia Naseem
- Department of Morbid Anatomy and Histopathology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tasleem Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Usman Aftab
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Muhammad Shahzad
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
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Zafar F, Asif HM, Shaheen G, Ghauri AO, Rajpoot SR, Tasleem MW, Shamim T, Hadi F, Noor R, Ali T, Gulzar MN, Nazar H. A comprehensive review on medicinal plants possessing antioxidant potential. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2023; 50:205-217. [PMID: 36479862 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Many research studies have proposed that about two-thirds of the medicinal plant species of the world possess significant antioxidant potential. Antioxidants are very beneficial as they decrease oxidative stress (OS) in cells and hence play their role in management as well as treatment of numerous diseases like cancers, cardiovascular diseases, as well as many inflammatory illnesses. This review comprises the antioxidant potential of numerous parts of medicinal plants like leaves, stems, roots, seeds, fruits, as well as bark. Synthetic antioxidants named butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) as well as butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) are extensively employed in foods because of their role as food preservatives. Several natural antioxidants have better efficacy as compared to synthetic antioxidants. These medicinal plants include Geranium sanguineum L., Rheum ribes L., Diospyros abyssinica, Sargentodoxa cuneata Rehd. Et Wils, Pistacia lentiscus, Ficus microcarpa L. fil., Polyalthia cerasoides (Roxb.) Bedd, Cunn, Teucrium polium L., Crataeva nurvala Buch-Ham., Urtica dioica L., Dracocephalum moldavica L., Momordica Charantia L., Acacia auriculiformis A., Bidens pilosa Linn. The Lamiaceae species, Radiata, Leea indica, Pelargonium endlicherianum, Salvia officinalis L., and Uncaria tomentosa (Willd.) DC. The literature study disclosed more side effects of synthetic antioxidants (including food additives) in comparison with natural antioxidants and for prevention of many diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Zafar
- University College of Conventional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Allied Health Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Asif
- University College of Conventional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Allied Health Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Ghazala Shaheen
- University College of Conventional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Allied Health Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Aymen Owais Ghauri
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Jinnah University for Women, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sehrish Rana Rajpoot
- University College of Conventional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Allied Health Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | | | - Tahira Shamim
- University College of Conventional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Allied Health Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Faheem Hadi
- University College of Conventional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Allied Health Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Raessa Noor
- University College of Conventional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Allied Health Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Tanveer Ali
- Faculty of Eastern Medicine and Natural Sciences, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Halima Nazar
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Jinnah University for Women, Karachi, Pakistan
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Susila AV, Sai S, Sharma N, Balasubramaniam A, Veronica AK, Nivedhitha S. Can natural irrigants replace sodium hypochlorite? A systematic review. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:1831-1849. [PMID: 36808559 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-04913-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Sodium hypochlorite, a gold standard for irrigation in endodontics, has disadvantages like toxicity and root dentin weakening. Alternatives derived from natural products are being explored. AIMS This systematic review was done to understand the clinical benefits of natural irrigants when compared with a standard irrigant, sodium hypochlorite. SETTINGS AND DESIGN REGISTRATION This systematic review was registered with PROSPERO (2018 CRD42018112837) METHODS AND MATERIAL: This review was done in conformation to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA 2020) statement. In vivo studies using at least one natural irrigant and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) were included. Studies using them as medicaments were excluded. PubMed, Cochrane and SCOPUS were searched. RevMan tool for Risk of Bias 2 (RoB 2) and risk-of-bias tool to assess non-randomized studies of interventions (ROBINS-I) were used. GRADEpro was used to assess certainty of evidence. RESULTS Ten articles (6 RCTs and 4 clinical studies) on approximately 442 patients were included. Seven natural irrigants were evaluated clinically. Due to the heterogeneity, meta-analysis could not be conducted. Antimicrobial efficacy was found to be similar for castor oil, neem, garlic-lemon, noni, papaine and NaOCl. Neem, papaine-chloramine, neem-NaOCl and neem-CHX were superior, while propolis, miswak and garlic were inferior to NaOCl. Post-operative pain was less for neem. There was no significant difference between papaine-chloramine, garlic extract and sodium hypochlorite in clinical/radiographic success. CONCLUSIONS The studied natural irrigants are not more efficacious than NaOCl. At the moment, they cannot replace NaOCl routinely and may only substitute in select cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Venkatraman Susila
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Madha Dental College & Hospital, Somangalam, Kavanoor Road, Kundrathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600069, India.
| | - Shamini Sai
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Madha Dental College & Hospital, Somangalam, Kavanoor Road, Kundrathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600069, India
| | - Nikita Sharma
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Shree Bankey Bihari Dental College and Research Centre, Masuri, NH 24, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arthi Balasubramaniam
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Aruna Kumari Veronica
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Madha Dental College & Hospital, Somangalam, Kavanoor Road, Kundrathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600069, India
| | - Sureshbabu Nivedhitha
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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The Current Landscape of Bioactive Molecules against DENV: A Systematic Review. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 2023:2236210. [PMID: 36818227 PMCID: PMC9937760 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2236210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
With a 30-fold increase in incidence over the previous 50 years, dengue fever is now the most widespread viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes in the world. The intricate interaction of the human defense system, hereditary predisposition, and specific bitterness elements is more likely to be the pathogenesis of dengue. There are presently no viable treatments for dengue. Synthetic drugs which are used against this ailment also show major side effects. There must be a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanism generating severe symptoms to develop auguring markers, cutting-edge diagnostics, and treatments and finally a well-rounded and secure antiserum. Hence, the aim is to search for safer and more potent drugs derived from plants. Plants or herbs are mainly targeting replication or its enzyme or specific stereotypes, though an exact mechanism of phytoconstituents interfering with the viral replication is still undiscovered. The present attempt provided the update with the objective to bringing up forward pathophysiological eventualities involved in dengue virus along with the naturally derived treatment relevant to provide the impregnable therapy by evading the noxious symptoms for dengue fever. Governor's plum, Cryptocarya chartacea, magnolia berry, and Chinese ginger are such plants exhibiting many effective phytoconstituents against DENV and can be further explored for novel drug discovery by medicinal scientists.
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