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Alt PS, Hamacher D, Anetzberger H, Becker R. Movement-based cognitive training does not significantly shorten the learning curve for acquiring arthroscopic basic skills. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2024; 32:2463-2473. [PMID: 38971975 DOI: 10.1002/ksa.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Skilful arthroscopy requires an aboveaverage level of manual dexterity. It is evident that particular motor skills can be learned and trained before arthroscopic training. The aim of this prospective cohort study was to investigate the impact of movement-related cognitive training on the learning curve during arthroscopic basic training. METHODS Fifty right-handed participants without arthroscopic experience were matched to an intervention group (n = 25) and a control group (n = 25). Prior to basic arthroscopic skill training with a simulator, the intervention group underwent 12 weeks of movement-related cognitive training. Cognitive and motor skills were assessed in both groups by using standardised tests (CogniFit test, angle reproduction test, two-arm coordination test) as a pretest and, for the intervention group, again before arthroscopic training as a posttest. For arthroscopic simulator training, three tasks ('Telescoping', 'Periscoping', 'Triangulation') from the Fundamentals of Arthroscopic Surgery Training module were selected and practiced 10 times with the camera in the right and left hands. The learning progress was quantified by exercise time, camera path length and hook path length. RESULTS No significant differences in sex distribution, age distribution or the results of the pretests between the intervention group (n = 21) and the control group (n = 25) were found (n.s.). The intervention group improved significantly from the pretest to the posttest in the CogniFit (p = 0.003) and two-arm coordination test in terms of time (p < 0.001) and errors (p = 0.002) but not in the angle reproduction test. No significant differences were found between the groups for the three arthroscopic tasks. CONCLUSION The hypothesis that movement-related cognitive training shortens the learning curve for acquiring arthroscopic basic skills cannot be confirmed. Other factors influencing the learning curve such as talent, teaching method and motivation have a greater impact on the acquisition of complex motor skills. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prisca S Alt
- Department of Hand Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dennis Hamacher
- Department of Health Sciences, European University of Applied Sciences (EUFH), Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Roland Becker
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, University Hospital Brandenburg, Brandenburg, Germany
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Guan Y, Li J, Wei Y, Shi PT, Yang C, Yun X, Quan Q, Wang WJ, Yu XG, Wei M. Brain functional connectivity alterations in patients with anterior cruciate ligament injury. Brain Res 2024; 1836:148956. [PMID: 38657888 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Recent advancements in neuroimaging have illustrated that anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries could impact the central nervous system (CNS), causing neuroplastic changes in the brain beyond the traditionally understood biomechanical consequences. While most of previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have focused on localized cortical activity changes post-injury, emerging research has suggested disruptions in functional connectivity across the brain. However, these prior investigations, albeit pioneering, have been constrained by two limitations: a reliance on small-sample participant cohorts, often limited to two to three patients, potentially limiting the generalizability of findings, and an adherence to region of interest based analysis, which may overlook broader network interactions. To address these limitations, our study employed resting-state fMRI to assess whole-brain functional connectivity in 15 ACL-injured patients, comparing them to matched controls using two distinct network analysis methods. Using Network-Based Statistics, we identified widespread reductions in connectivity that spanned across multiple brain regions. Further modular connectivity analysis showed significant decreases in inter-modular connectivity between the sensorimotor and cerebellar modules, and intra-modular connectivity within the default-mode network in ACL-injured patients. Our results thus highlight a shift from localized disruptions to network-wide dysfunctions, suggesting that ACL injuries induce widespread CNS changes. This enhanced understanding has the potential to stimulate the development of strategies aiming to restore functional connectivity and improve recovery outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Guan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100142, China; Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Yu Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Peng-Tao Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100142, China; Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100142, China; Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xing Yun
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100142, China; Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Qi Quan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100142, China; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma &War Injuries PLA, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Wen-Juan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Xin-Guang Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Min Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100142, China; Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China.
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3
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Zhou Q, Chen Y, Zhou C, Wang J. Long-term motor training enhances functional connectivity between semantic and motor regions in an effector-specific manner: evidence from elite female football athletes. Brain Struct Funct 2024; 229:1447-1459. [PMID: 38814332 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-024-02808-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
The relation between the action verb semantic processing and sensorimotor experience remains controversial. In this study, we examined whether plasticity changes in brain are specifically related to semantic processing of foot action verbs when long-term motor training is mainly aimed at the foot. To address this question, we acquired resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans and behavioral data from a verb two-choice task from female expertise football players and football novices. We compared the resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) differences between experts and novices using motor execution regions and general semantic regions (left anterior temporal lobe, lATL) as seed, and explored the neural correlates of behavioral performance. Here, the drift rate (v) parameter of the drift diffusion model (DDM) was used to capture the semantic processing capability. We found experts showed increased correlation between lATL subregions and important brain regions for motor processing, including supplementary motor area (SMA), bilateral paracentral lobule (PL), superior parietal lobule and inferior parietal lobule, in contrast to novices. Further predictive model analysis showed the FC found in rsFC analysis can significantly predict drift rate of foot action verb in both experts and novices, but not drift rate of hand action verb. Our findings therefore establish a connection between effector-related semantic processing and the plasticity changes in brain functional connectivity, attributable to long-term foot-related motor training. This provides evidence supporting the view that semantic processing is fundamentally rooted in the sensorimotor system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingcan Zhou
- Department of Sports Industry, Graduate School of Sports Industry, Kookmin University, Seoul, 142820, South Korea
| | - Yanzhang Chen
- Department of Sport Psychology, School of Sport Science, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China
- Center for Exercise and Brain Science, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenglin Zhou
- Department of Sport Psychology, School of Sport Science, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China
- Center for Exercise and Brain Science, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Sport Psychology, School of Sport Science, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China.
- Center for Exercise and Brain Science, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China.
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Kraeutner SN, Rubino C, Ferris JK, Rinat S, Penko L, Chiu L, Greeley B, Jones CB, Larssen BC, Boyd LA. Frontoparietal function and underlying structure reflect capacity for motor skill acquisition during healthy aging. Neurobiol Aging 2024; 133:78-86. [PMID: 37918189 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2023.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
While capacity for motor skill acquisition changes with healthy aging, there has been little consideration of how age-related changes in brain function or baseline brain structure support motor skill acquisition. We examined: (1) age-dependent changes in functional reorganization related to frontoparietal regions during motor skill acquisition, and (2) whether capacity for motor skill acquisition relates to baseline white matter microstructure in frontoparietal tracts. Healthy older and younger adults engaged in 4 weeks of skilled motor practice. Resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) assessed functional reorganization before and after practice. Diffusion tensor imaging indexed microstructure of a frontoparietal tract at baseline, generated by rsFC seeds. Motor skill acquisition was associated with decreases in rsFC in healthy older adults and increases in rsFC in healthy younger adults. Frontoparietal tract microstructure was lower in healthy older versus younger adults, yet it was negatively associated with rate of skill acquisition regardless of group. Findings indicate that age-dependent alterations in frontoparietal function and baseline structure of a frontoparietal tract reflect capacity for motor skill acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N Kraeutner
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada; Djavad Mowafaghian, Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Cristina Rubino
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jennifer K Ferris
- Gerontology Research Centre, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shie Rinat
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lauren Penko
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Larissa Chiu
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Brian Greeley
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christina B Jones
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Beverley C Larssen
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lara A Boyd
- Djavad Mowafaghian, Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Jansen P, Buuck S, Voll S. The effect of physical activity breaks, including motor-cognitive coordination exercises, on employees’ cognitive functions in the workplace. Work 2022; 74:1447-1460. [PMID: 36530118 DOI: 10.3233/wor-211206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The findings of the effectiveness of physical activity on adults’ cognitive abilities have not yet been transferred into corresponding fields of application. OBJECTIVE: The present study evaluates a motor-cognitive coordination programme in a company to improve employees’ cognitive performance in the short and medium term. METHODS: A total of 67 employees — 32 men and 35 women aged between 19 and 61 years — participated in this study, and 55 completed the study. The sample was randomly divided into an experimental group, which received a motor-cognitive coordination training, and a control group, which received a relaxation and mobility training. Both groups met for 15-minute sessions three times a week for eight weeks. Before and after the intervention, working memory, attention, information-processing capacity, divergent thinking, and mood were measured. In addition, acute effects regarding attention and mood were tested. RESULTS: The results showed that the motor-cognitive coordination break improves working memory and divergent thinking after eight weeks of intervention, whereas neither the mood nor the information processing speed improved more for the experimental group compared to the control group. The results on the acute increase in attention performance failed to reach significance. CONCLUSION: The new approach of this study was not only the derivation and development of targeted exercises, but also their testing and evaluation in the field of application. Motor-cognitive coordination exercise in the workplace might play an important role in both occupational health management and personnel development, especially for companies that are under highly competitive and innovative pressure.
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Functional connectivity as a neural correlate of cognitive rehabilitation programs’ efficacy: A systematic review. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-02989-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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7
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Schöllhorn WI, Rizzi N, Slapšinskaitė-Dackevičienė A, Leite N. Always Pay Attention to Which Model of Motor Learning You Are Using. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:711. [PMID: 35055533 PMCID: PMC8776195 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This critical review considers the epistemological and historical background of the theoretical construct of motor learning for a more differentiated understanding. More than simply reflecting critically on the models that are used to solve problems-whether they are applied in therapy, physical education, or training practice-this review seeks to respond constructively to the recent discussion caused by the replication crisis in life sciences. To this end, an in-depth review of contemporary motor learning approaches is provided, with a pragmatism-oriented clarification of the researcher's intentions on fundamentals (what?), subjects (for whom?), time intervals (when?), and purpose (for what?). The complexity in which the processes of movement acquisition, learning, and refinement take place removes their predictable and linear character and therefore, from an applied point of view, invites a great deal of caution when trying to make generalization claims. Particularly when we attempt to understand and study these phenomena in unpredictable and dynamic contexts, it is recommended that scientists and practitioners seek to better understand the central role that the individual and their situatedness plays in the system. In this way, we will be closer to making a meaningful and authentic contribution to the advancement of knowledge, and not merely for the sake of renaming inventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang I. Schöllhorn
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Nikolas Rizzi
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Agnė Slapšinskaitė-Dackevičienė
- Department of Sports Medicine, Faculty of Nursing, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės g. 18, 47181 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Nuno Leite
- Reseach Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Department of Sport Sciences, Exercise and Health, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
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8
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Won J, Callow DD, Pena GS, Gogniat MA, Kommula Y, Arnold-Nedimala NA, Jordan LS, Smith JC. Evidence for exercise-related plasticity in functional and structural neural network connectivity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 131:923-940. [PMID: 34655658 PMCID: PMC8642315 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The number of studies investigating exercise and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF)-related changes in the functional and structural organization of brain networks continues to rise. Functional and structural connectivity are critical biomarkers for brain health and many exercise-related benefits on the brain are better represented by network dynamics. Here, we reviewed the neuroimaging literature to better understand how exercise or CRF may facilitate and maintain the efficiency and integrity of functional and structural aspects of brain networks in both younger and older adults. Converging evidence suggests that increased exercise performance and CRF modulate functional connectivity of the brain in a way that corresponds to behavioral changes such as cognitive and motor performance improvements. Similarly, greater physical activity levels and CRF are associated with better cognitive and motor function, which may be brought about by enhanced structural network integrity. This review will provide a comprehensive understanding of trends in exercise-network studies as well as future directions based on the gaps in knowledge that are currently present in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyeon Won
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Daniel D Callow
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States; Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Gabriel S Pena
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Marissa A Gogniat
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Yash Kommula
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States; Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | | | - Leslie S Jordan
- Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - J Carson Smith
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States; Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States.
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Vogel S, Kaltenhäuser M, Kim C, Müller-Voggel N, Rössler K, Dörfler A, Schwab S, Hamer H, Buchfelder M, Rampp S. MEG Node Degree Differences in Patients with Focal Epilepsy vs. Controls-Influence of Experimental Conditions. Brain Sci 2021; 11:1590. [PMID: 34942895 PMCID: PMC8699109 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11121590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-resistant epilepsy can be most limiting for patients, and surgery represents a viable therapy option. With the growing research on the human connectome and the evidence of epilepsy being a network disorder, connectivity analysis may be able to contribute to our understanding of epilepsy and may be potentially developed into clinical applications. In this magnetoencephalographic study, we determined the whole-brain node degree of connectivity levels in patients and controls. Resting-state activity was measured at five frequency bands in 15 healthy controls and 15 patients with focal epilepsy of different etiologies. The whole-brain all-to-all imaginary part of coherence in source space was then calculated. Node degree was determined and parcellated and was used for further statistical evaluation. In comparison to controls, we found a significantly higher overall node degree in patients with lesional and non-lesional epilepsy. Furthermore, we examined the conditions of high/reduced vigilance and open/closed eyes in controls, to analyze whether patient node degree levels can be achieved. We evaluated intraclass-correlation statistics (ICC) to evaluate the reproducibility. Connectivity and specifically node degree analysis could present new tools for one of the most common neurological diseases, with potential applications in epilepsy diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Vogel
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.K.); (C.K.); (N.M.-V.); (M.B.); (S.R.)
- Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Kaltenhäuser
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.K.); (C.K.); (N.M.-V.); (M.B.); (S.R.)
| | - Cora Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.K.); (C.K.); (N.M.-V.); (M.B.); (S.R.)
| | - Nadia Müller-Voggel
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.K.); (C.K.); (N.M.-V.); (M.B.); (S.R.)
| | - Karl Rössler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Arnd Dörfler
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Stefan Schwab
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.S.); (H.H.)
| | - Hajo Hamer
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.S.); (H.H.)
| | - Michael Buchfelder
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.K.); (C.K.); (N.M.-V.); (M.B.); (S.R.)
| | - Stefan Rampp
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.K.); (C.K.); (N.M.-V.); (M.B.); (S.R.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Halle (Saale), 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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Anatürk M, Suri S, Smith SM, Ebmeier KP, Sexton CE. Leisure Activities and Their Relationship With MRI Measures of Brain Structure, Functional Connectivity, and Cognition in the UK Biobank Cohort. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:734866. [PMID: 34867271 PMCID: PMC8635062 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.734866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate whether engagement in leisure activities is linked to measures of brain structure, functional connectivity, and cognition in early old age. Methods: We examined data collected from 7,152 participants of the United Kingdom Biobank (UK Biobank) study. Weekly participation in six leisure activities was assessed twice and a cognitive battery and 3T MRI brain scan were administered at the second visit. Based on responses collected at two time points, individuals were split into one of four trajectory groups: (1) stable low engagement, (2) stable weekly engagement, (3) low to weekly engagement, and (4) weekly to low engagement. Results: Consistent weekly attendance at a sports club or gym was associated with connectivity of the sensorimotor functional network with the lateral visual (β = 0.12, 95%CI = [0.07, 0.18], FDR q = 2.48 × 10-3) and cerebellar (β = 0.12, 95%CI = [0.07, 0.18], FDR q = 1.23 × 10-4) networks. Visiting friends and family across the two timepoints was also associated with larger volumes of the occipital lobe (β = 0.15, 95%CI = [0.08, 0.21], FDR q = 0.03). Additionally, stable and weekly computer use was associated with global cognition (β = 0.62, 95%CI = [0.35, 0.89], FDR q = 1.16 × 10-4). No other associations were significant (FDR q > 0.05). Discussion: This study demonstrates that not all leisure activities contribute to cognitive health equally, nor is there one unifying neural signature across diverse leisure activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melis Anatürk
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sana Suri
- Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen M. Smith
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Klaus P. Ebmeier
- Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Claire E. Sexton
- Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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11
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Stojan R, Kaushal N, Bock OL, Hudl N, Voelcker-Rehage C. Benefits of Higher Cardiovascular and Motor Coordinative Fitness on Driving Behavior Are Mediated by Cognitive Functioning: A Path Analysis. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:686499. [PMID: 34267646 PMCID: PMC8277437 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.686499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Driving is an important skill for older adults to maintain an independent lifestyle, and to preserve the quality of life. However, the ability to drive safely in older adults can be compromised by age-related cognitive decline. Performing an additional task during driving (e.g., adjusting the radio) increases cognitive demands and thus might additionally impair driving performance. Cognitive functioning has been shown to be positively related to physical activity/fitness such as cardiovascular and motor coordinative fitness. As such, a higher fitness level might be associated with higher cognitive resources and may therefore benefit driving performance under dual-task conditions. For the first time, the present study investigated whether this association of physical fitness and cognitive functioning causes an indirect relationship between physical fitness and dual-task driving performance through cognitive functions. Data from 120 healthy older adults (age: 69.56 ± 3.62, 53 female) were analyzed. Participants completed tests on cardiovascular fitness (cardiorespiratory capacity), motor coordinative fitness (composite score: static balance, psychomotor speed, bimanual dexterity), and cognitive functions (updating, inhibition, shifting, cognitive processing speed). Further, they performed a virtual car driving scenario where they additionally engaged in cognitively demanding tasks that were modeled after typical real-life activities during driving (typing or reasoning). Structural equation modeling (path analysis) was used to investigate whether cardiovascular and motor coordinative fitness were indirectly associated with lane keeping (i.e., variability in lateral position) and speed control (i.e., average velocity) while dual-task driving via cognitive functions. Both cardiovascular and motor coordinative fitness demonstrated the hypothesized indirect effects on dual-task driving. Motor coordinative fitness showed a significant indirect effect on lane keeping, while cardiovascular fitness demonstrated a trend-level indirect effect on speed control. Moreover, both fitness domains were positively related to different cognitive functions (processing speed and/or updating), and cognitive functions (updating or inhibition), in turn, were related to dual-task driving. These findings indicate that cognitive benefits associated with higher fitness may facilitate driving performance. Given that driving with lower cognitive capacity can result in serious consequences, this study emphasizes the importance for older adults to engage in a physically active lifestyle as it might serve as a preventive measure for driving safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Stojan
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
- Institute of Human Movement Science and Health, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Navin Kaushal
- School of Health & Human Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IA, United States
| | - Otmar Leo Bock
- Institute of Human Movement Science and Health, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany
- Institute of Exercise Training and Sport Informatics, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nicole Hudl
- Institute of Human Movement Science and Health, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Claudia Voelcker-Rehage
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
- Institute of Human Movement Science and Health, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany
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12
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Sendi MSE, Zendehrouh E, Miller RL, Fu Z, Du Y, Liu J, Mormino EC, Salat DH, Calhoun VD. Alzheimer's Disease Projection From Normal to Mild Dementia Reflected in Functional Network Connectivity: A Longitudinal Study. Front Neural Circuits 2021; 14:593263. [PMID: 33551754 PMCID: PMC7859281 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2020.593263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common age-related problem and progresses in different stages, including mild cognitive impairment (early stage), mild dementia (middle-stage), and severe dementia (late-stage). Recent studies showed changes in functional network connectivity obtained from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) during the transition from healthy aging to AD. By assuming that the brain interaction is static during the scanning time, most prior studies are focused on static functional or functional network connectivity (sFNC). Dynamic functional network connectivity (dFNC) explores temporal patterns of functional connectivity and provides additional information to its static counterpart. Method We used longitudinal rs-fMRI from 1385 scans (from 910 subjects) at different stages of AD (from normal to very mild AD or vmAD). We used group-independent component analysis (group-ICA) and extracted 53 maximally independent components (ICs) for the whole brain. Next, we used a sliding-window approach to estimate dFNC from the extracted 53 ICs, then group them into 3 different brain states using a clustering method. Then, we estimated a hidden Markov model (HMM) and the occupancy rate (OCR) for each subject. Finally, we investigated the link between the clinical rate of each subject with state-specific FNC, OCR, and HMM. Results All states showed significant disruption during progression normal brain to vmAD one. Specifically, we found that subcortical network, auditory network, visual network, sensorimotor network, and cerebellar network connectivity decrease in vmAD compared with those of a healthy brain. We also found reorganized patterns (i.e., both increases and decreases) in the cognitive control network and default mode network connectivity by progression from normal to mild dementia. Similarly, we found a reorganized pattern of between-network connectivity when the brain transits from normal to mild dementia. However, the connectivity between visual and sensorimotor network connectivity decreases in vmAD compared with that of a healthy brain. Finally, we found a normal brain spends more time in a state with higher connectivity between visual and sensorimotor networks. Conclusion Our results showed the temporal and spatial pattern of whole-brain FNC differentiates AD form healthy control and suggested substantial disruptions across multiple dynamic states. In more detail, our results suggested that the sensory network is affected more than other brain network, and default mode network is one of the last brain networks get affected by AD In addition, abnormal patterns of whole-brain dFNC were identified in the early stage of AD, and some abnormalities were correlated with the clinical score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad S. E. Sendi
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Elaheh Zendehrouh
- Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Robyn L. Miller
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Zening Fu
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Yuhui Du
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- School of Computer and Information Technology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jingyu Liu
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Elizabeth C. Mormino
- School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - David H. Salat
- Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Vince D. Calhoun
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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13
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Emirzeoğlu M, Ülger Ö. The Acute Effects of Cognitive-Based Neuromuscular Training and Game-Based Training on the Dynamic Balance and Speed Performance of Healthy Young Soccer Players: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Games Health J 2020; 10:121-129. [PMID: 33170049 DOI: 10.1089/g4h.2020.0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effects of cognitive and game-based trainings (GBT) on dynamic balance (DB) and speed performance (SP) in healthy young soccer players. Materials and Methods: Forty-nine male soccer players were divided into three groups: cognitive-based neuromuscular training (CBNT; n = 16; age = 16.93 ± 1.18 years; body mass index [BMI] = 21.37 ± 1.57 kg/m2) group, GBT (n = 17; age = 17.05 ± 1.39 years; BMI = 21.10 ± 0.97 kg/m2) group, and control group (n = 16; age = 16.75 ± 1.12 years; BMI = 21.95 ± 1.36 kg/m2). The athletes in CBNT and GBT groups took part in one session lasting 1 hour. The Star Excursion Balance Test and the Speed Dribbling Test were used to evaluate DB and SP, respectively. The measurements were taken just before and after the trainings. Statistical analysis of the study was performed using SPSS 22.0 software (Statistical Package for Social Sciences, Inc., Chicago, IL). The Paired Student's t-test and Wilcoxon test were used. For in-group evaluation the ANOVA test was used for comparisons between the three groups. The Tukey's test was used for post hoc analysis. Results: DB significantly improved in all directions in the GBT group (P < 0.05). Also, significant improvements were observed in DB in all directions except anterior, anterolateral, and anteromedial in the CBNT group, and except anterior, medial, and anteromedial directons in the control group (P < 0.05). SP significantly developed just in the CBNT and GBT groups (P = 0.001, P = 0.003, respectively). CBNT and GBT improved the DB of soccer players by 9.6% and 9.5%, respectively. Also, trainings improved the SP by 3.1% and 2.6%, respectively. Conclusion: CBNT and GBT are promising trainings that can improve DB and SP of healthy young soccer players. Trial number: NCT03739658 (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier).
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Emirzeoğlu
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Özlem Ülger
- Department of Back and Neck Health, Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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14
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Fitzgerald JM, Belleau EL, Ehret LE, Trevino C, Brasel KJ, Larson C, deRoon-Cassini T. DACC Resting State Functional Connectivity as a Predictor of Pain Symptoms Following Motor Vehicle Crash: A Preliminary Investigation. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2020; 22:171-179. [PMID: 32736035 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
There is significant heterogeneity in pain outcomes following motor vehicle crashes (MVCs), such that a sizeable portion of individuals develop symptoms of chronic pain months after injury while others recover. Despite variable outcomes, the pathogenesis of chronic pain is currently unclear. Previous neuroimaging work implicates the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) in adaptive control of pain, while prior resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging studies find increased functional connectivity (FC) between the dACC and regions involved in pain processing in those with chronic pain. Hyper-connectivity of the dACC to regions that mediate pain response may therefore relate to pain severity. The present study completed rsfMRI scans on N = 22 survivors of MVCs collected within 2 weeks of the incident to test whole-brain dACC-FC as a predictor of pain severity 6 months later. At 2 weeks, pain symptoms were predicted by positive connectivity between the dACC and the premotor cortex. Controlling for pain symptoms at 2 weeks, pain symptoms at 6 months were predicted by negative connectivity between the dACC and the precuneus. Previous research implicates the precuneus in the individual subjective awareness of pain. Given a relatively small sample size, approximately half of which did not experience chronic pain at 6 months, findings warrant replication. Nevertheless, this study provides preliminary evidence of enhanced dACC connectivity with motor regions and decreased connectivity with pain processing regions as immediate and prospective predictors of pain following MVC. PERSPECTIVE: This article presents evidence of distinct neural vulnerabilities that predict chronic pain in MVC survivors based on whole-brain connectivity with the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily L Belleau
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Colleen Trevino
- Division of Trauma & Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | | | - Christine Larson
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Terri deRoon-Cassini
- Division of Trauma & Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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15
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Diekfuss JA, Grooms DR, Bonnette S, DiCesare CA, Thomas S, MacPherson RP, Ellis JD, Kiefer AW, Riley MA, Schneider DK, Gadd B, Kitchen K, Barber Foss KD, Dudley JA, Yuan W, Myer GD. Real-time biofeedback integrated into neuromuscular training reduces high-risk knee biomechanics and increases functional brain connectivity: A preliminary longitudinal investigation. Psychophysiology 2020; 57:e13545. [PMID: 32052868 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Prospective evidence indicates that functional biomechanics and brain connectivity may predispose an athlete to an anterior cruciate ligament injury, revealing novel neural linkages for targeted neuromuscular training interventions. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of a real-time biofeedback system for altering knee biomechanics and brain functional connectivity. Seventeen healthy, young, physically active female athletes completed 6 weeks of augmented neuromuscular training (aNMT) utilizing real-time, interactive visual biofeedback and 13 served as untrained controls. A drop vertical jump and resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging were separately completed at pre- and posttest time points to assess sensorimotor adaptation. The aNMT group had a significant reduction in peak knee abduction moment (pKAM) compared to controls (p = .03, d = 0.71). The aNMT group also exhibited a significant increase in functional connectivity between the right supplementary motor area and the left thalamus (p = .0473 after false discovery rate correction). Greater percent change in pKAM was also related to increased connectivity between the right cerebellum and right thalamus for the aNMT group (p = .0292 after false discovery rate correction, r2 = .62). No significant changes were observed for the controls (ps > .05). Our data provide preliminary evidence of potential neural mechanisms for aNMT-induced motor adaptations that reduce injury risk. Future research is warranted to understand the role of neuromuscular training alone and how each component of aNMT influences biomechanics and functional connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jed A Diekfuss
- The SPORT Center, Division of Sports Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Dustin R Grooms
- Ohio Musculoskeletal & Neurological Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA.,Division of Athletic Training, School of Applied Health Sciences and Wellness, College of Health Sciences and Professions, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Scott Bonnette
- The SPORT Center, Division of Sports Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Christopher A DiCesare
- The SPORT Center, Division of Sports Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Staci Thomas
- The SPORT Center, Division of Sports Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ryan P MacPherson
- The SPORT Center, Division of Sports Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Division of Athletic Training, School of Applied Health Sciences and Wellness, College of Health Sciences and Professions, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Jonathan D Ellis
- The SPORT Center, Division of Sports Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Adam W Kiefer
- The SPORT Center, Division of Sports Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Exercise Science and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Center for Cognition, Action & Perception, Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Michael A Riley
- Center for Cognition, Action & Perception, Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Brooke Gadd
- The SPORT Center, Division of Sports Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Katie Kitchen
- The SPORT Center, Division of Sports Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kim D Barber Foss
- The SPORT Center, Division of Sports Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jonathan A Dudley
- Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Weihong Yuan
- College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Gregory D Myer
- The SPORT Center, Division of Sports Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics and Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention, Waltham, MA, USA
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16
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Nissim NR, O'Shea A, Indahlastari A, Kraft JN, von Mering O, Aksu S, Porges E, Cohen R, Woods AJ. Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Paired With Cognitive Training on Functional Connectivity of the Working Memory Network in Older Adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:340. [PMID: 31998111 PMCID: PMC6961663 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Working memory, a fundamental short-term cognitive process, is known to decline with advanced age even in healthy older adults. Normal age-related declines in working memory can cause loss of independence and decreased quality of life. Cognitive training has shown some potential at enhancing certain cognitive processes, although, enhancements are variable. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a form of non-invasive brain stimulation, has shown promise at enhancing working memory abilities, and may further the benefits from cognitive training interventions. However, the neural mechanisms underlying tDCS brain-based enhancements remain unknown. Objective/Hypothesis Assess the effects of a 2-week intervention of active-tDCS vs. sham paired with cognitive training on functional connectivity of the working memory network during an N-Back working memory task. Methods Healthy older adults (N = 28; mean age = 74 ± 7.3) completed 10-sessions of cognitive training paired with active or sham-tDCS. Functional connectivity was evaluated at baseline and post-intervention during an N-Back task (2-Back vs. 0-Back). Results Active-tDCS vs. sham demonstrated a significant increase in connectivity between the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and right inferior parietal lobule at post-intervention during 2-Back. Target accuracy on 2-Back was significantly improved for active vs. sham at post-intervention. Conclusion These results suggest pairing tDCS with cognitive training enhances functional connectivity and working memory performance in older adults, and thus may hold promise as a method for remediating age-related cognitive decline. Future studies evaluating optimal dose and long-term effects of tDCS on brain function will help to maximize potential clinical impacts of tDCS paired with cognitive training in older adults. Clinical Trial Registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT02137122.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole R Nissim
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Andrew O'Shea
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Aprinda Indahlastari
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jessica N Kraft
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Olivia von Mering
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Serkan Aksu
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Eric Porges
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Ronald Cohen
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Adam J Woods
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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17
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Does Video Gaming Have Impacts on the Brain: Evidence from a Systematic Review. Brain Sci 2019; 9:brainsci9100251. [PMID: 31557907 PMCID: PMC6826942 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9100251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Video gaming, the experience of playing electronic games, has shown several benefits for human health. Recently, numerous video gaming studies showed beneficial effects on cognition and the brain. A systematic review of video gaming has been published. However, the previous systematic review has several differences to this systematic review. This systematic review evaluates the beneficial effects of video gaming on neuroplasticity specifically on intervention studies. Literature research was conducted from randomized controlled trials in PubMed and Google Scholar published after 2000. A systematic review was written instead of a meta-analytic review because of variations among participants, video games, and outcomes. Nine scientific articles were eligible for the review. Overall, the eligible articles showed fair quality according to Delphi Criteria. Video gaming affects the brain structure and function depending on how the game is played. The game genres examined were 3D adventure, first-person shooting (FPS), puzzle, rhythm dance, and strategy. The total training durations were 16–90 h. Results of this systematic review demonstrated that video gaming can be beneficial to the brain. However, the beneficial effects vary among video game types.
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18
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Niederer D, Plaumann U, Seitz T, Wallner F, Wilke J, Engeroff T, Giesche F, Vogt L, Banzer W. How does a 4-week motor-cognitive training affect choice reaction, dynamic balance and cognitive performance ability? A randomized controlled trial in well-trained, young, healthy participants. SAGE Open Med 2019; 7:2050312119870020. [PMID: 31448120 PMCID: PMC6693023 DOI: 10.1177/2050312119870020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We aimed to investigate the potential effects of a 4-week motor–cognitive
dual-task training on cognitive and motor function as well as exercise
motivation in young, healthy, and active adults. Methods: A total of 26 participants (age 25 ± 2 years; 10 women) were randomly
allocated to either the intervention group or a control group. The
intervention group performed a motor–cognitive training (3×/week), while the
participants of the control group received no intervention. Before and after
the intervention period of 4 weeks, all participants underwent cognitive
(d2-test, Trail Making Test) and motor (lower-body choice reaction test and
time to stabilization test) assessments. Following each of the 12 workouts,
self-reported assessments (rating of perceived exertion, enjoyment and
pleasant anticipation of the next training session) were done. Analyses of
covariances and 95% confidence intervals plotting for between group and time
effects were performed. Results: Data from 24 participants were analysed. No pre- to post-intervention
improvement nor a between-group difference regarding motor outcomes
(choice-reaction: F = 0.5; time to stabilization test: F = 0.7; p > 0.05)
occurred. No significant training-induced changes were found in the
cognitive tests (D2: F = 0.02; Trail Making Test A: F = 0.24; Trail Making
Test B: F = 0.002; p > 0.05). Both enjoyment and anticipation of the next
workout were rated as high. Discussion: The neuro-motor training appears to have no significant effects on motor and
cognitive function in healthy, young and physically active adults. This
might be explained in part by the participants’ very high motor and
cognitive abilities, the comparably low training intensity or the programme
duration. The high degree of exercise enjoyment, however, may qualify the
training as a facilitator to initiate and maintain regular physical
activity. The moderate to vigorous intensity levels further point towards
potential health-enhancing cardiorespiratory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Niederer
- Department of Sports Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ulrike Plaumann
- Department of Sports Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tanja Seitz
- Department of Sports Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Franziska Wallner
- Department of Sports Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jan Wilke
- Department of Sports Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tobias Engeroff
- Department of Sports Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Florian Giesche
- Department of Sports Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lutz Vogt
- Department of Sports Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Winfried Banzer
- Department of Sports Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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19
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Diekfuss JA, Grooms DR, Nissen KS, Schneider DK, Foss KDB, Thomas S, Bonnette S, Dudley JA, Yuan W, Reddington DL, Ellis JD, Leach J, Gordon M, Lindsey C, Rushford K, Shafer C, Myer GD. Alterations in knee sensorimotor brain functional connectivity contributes to ACL injury in male high-school football players: a prospective neuroimaging analysis. Braz J Phys Ther 2019; 24:415-423. [PMID: 31377125 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study's purpose was to utilize a prospective dataset to examine differences in functional brain connectivity in male high school athletes who suffered an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury relative to their non-injured peers. METHODS Sixty-two male high school football players were evaluated using functional magnetic resonance imaging prior to their competitive season to evaluate resting-state functional brain connectivity. Three athletes later experienced an ACL injury and were matched to 12 teammates who did not go on to sustain an ACL injury (controls) based on school, age, height, weight, and year in school. Twenty-five knee-motor regions of interest (ROIs) were created to identify differences in connectivity between the two groups. Between-subject F and t tests were used to identify significant ROI differences using a false discovery rate correction for multiple comparisons. RESULTS There was significantly less connectivity between the left secondary somatosensory cortex and the left supplementary motor area (p = 0.025), right pre-motor cortex (p = 0.026), right supplementary motor area (p = 0.026), left primary somatosensory cortex (superior division; p = 0.026), left primary somatosensory cortex (inferior division; p = 0.026), and left primary motor cortex (p = 0.048) for the ACL-injured compared to the control subjects. No other ROI-to-ROI comparisons were significantly different between the groups (all p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Our preliminary data indicate a potential sensorimotor disruption for male football players who go on to experience an ACL injury. Future studies with larger sample sizes and complementary measures of neuromuscular control are needed to support these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jed A Diekfuss
- The SPORT Center, Division of Sports Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Dustin R Grooms
- Ohio Musculoskeletal & Neurological Institute and Division of Athletic Training, School of Applied Health Sciences and Wellness, College of Health Sciences and Professions, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Katharine S Nissen
- The SPORT Center, Division of Sports Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Daniel K Schneider
- The SPORT Center, Division of Sports Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kim D Barber Foss
- The SPORT Center, Division of Sports Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Staci Thomas
- The SPORT Center, Division of Sports Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Scott Bonnette
- The SPORT Center, Division of Sports Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jonathan A Dudley
- Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Ohio, USA
| | - Weihong Yuan
- Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Ohio, USA; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Danielle L Reddington
- The SPORT Center, Division of Sports Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jonathan D Ellis
- The SPORT Center, Division of Sports Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - James Leach
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Division of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | | | | | | | | | - Gregory D Myer
- The SPORT Center, Division of Sports Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Departments of Pediatrics and Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA; The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention, Waltham, MA, USA
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20
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A pilot study of combined endurance and resistance exercise rehabilitation for verbal memory and functional connectivity improvement in epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2019; 96:44-56. [PMID: 31078935 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Memory impairment is common in persons with epilepsy (PWE), and exercise may be a strategy for its improvement. In this pilot study, we hypothesized that exercise rehabilitation would improve physical fitness and verbal memory and induce changes in brain networks involved in memory processes. We examined the effects of combined endurance and resistance exercise rehabilitation on memory and resting state functional connectivity (rsFC). Participants were randomized to exercise (PWE-E) or control (PWE-noE). The exercise intervention consisted of 18 supervised sessions on nonconsecutive days over 6 weeks. Before and after the intervention period, both groups completed self-report assessments (Short Form-36 (SF-36), Baecke Questionnaire (BQ) of habitual physical activity, and Profile of Mood States (POMS)), cognitive testing (California Verbal Learning Test-II (CVLT-II)), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); PWE-E also completed exercise performance tests. After completing the study, PWE-noE were offered cross-over to the exercise arm. There were no differences in baseline demographic, clinical, or assessment variables between 8 PWE-noE and 9 PWE-E. Persons with epilepsy that participated in exercise intervention increased maximum voluntary strength (all strength tests p < 0.05) and exhibited nonsignificant improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness (p = 0.15). Groups did not show significant changes in quality of life (QOL) or habitual physical activity between visits. However, there was an effect of visit on POMS total mood disturbance (TMD) measure showing improvement from baseline to visit 2 (p = 0.023). There were significant group by visit interactions on CVLT-II learning score (p = 0.044) and total recognition discriminability (d') (p = 0.007). Persons with epilepsy that participated in exercise intervention had significant reductions in paracingulate rsFC with the anterior cingulate and increases in rsFC for the cerebellum, thalamus, posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), and left and right inferior parietal lobule (IPL) (corrected p < 0.05). Change in CVLT-II learning score was associated with rsFC changes for the paracingulate cortex (rS = -0.67; p = 0.0033), left IPL (rS = 0.70; p = 0.0019), and right IPL (rS = 0.71; p = 0.0015) while change in d' was associated with change in cerebellum rsFC to angular/middle occipital gyrus (rS = 0.68; p = 0.0025). Our conclusion is that exercise rehabilitation may facilitate verbal memory improvement and brain network functional connectivity changes in PWE and that improved memory performance is associated with changes in rsFC. A larger randomized controlled trial of exercise rehabilitation for cognitive improvement in PWE is warranted.
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Nissim NR, O'Shea A, Indahlastari A, Telles R, Richards L, Porges E, Cohen R, Woods AJ. Effects of in-Scanner Bilateral Frontal tDCS on Functional Connectivity of the Working Memory Network in Older Adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:51. [PMID: 30930766 PMCID: PMC6428720 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Working memory is an executive memory process essential for everyday decision-making and problem solving that declines with advanced age. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive form of brain stimulation that has demonstrated potential for improving working memory performance in older adults. However, the neural mechanisms underlying effects of tDCS on working memory are not well understood. This mechanistic study investigated the acute and after-effects of bilateral frontal (F3/F4) tDCS at 2 mA for 12-min on functional connectivity of the working memory network in older adults. We hypothesized active tDCS over sham would increase frontal connectivity during working memory performance. The study used a double-blind within-subject 2 session crossover design. Participants performed an functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) N-Back working memory task before, during, and after active or sham stimulation. Functional connectivity of the working memory network was assessed within and between stimulation conditions (FDR < 0.05). Active tDCS produced a significant increase in functional connectivity between left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) and left dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC) during stimulation, but not after stimulation. Connectivity did not significantly increase with sham stimulation. In addition, our data demonstrated both state-dependent and time-dependent effects of tDCS working memory network connectivity in older adults. tDCS during working memory performance produces a selective change in functional connectivity of the working memory network in older adults. These data provide important mechanistic insight into the effects of tDCS on brain connectivity in older adults, as well as key methodological considerations for tDCS-working memory studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole R Nissim
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Andrew O'Shea
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Aprinda Indahlastari
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Rachel Telles
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Lindsey Richards
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Eric Porges
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Ronald Cohen
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Adam J Woods
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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22
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Li KC, Luo X, Zeng QZ, Xu XJ, Huang PY, Shen ZJ, Xu JJ, Zhou J, Zhang MM. Distinct Patterns of Interhemispheric Connectivity in Patients With Early- and Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:261. [PMID: 30237764 PMCID: PMC6136638 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Early-onset Alzheimer’s disease (EOAD) presents a different clinical profile than late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD). Neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that patients with EOAD present more atrophy and functional disconnection than LOAD patients. However, it remains unknown whether the interhemispheric functional disconnection or its underlying structural impairment contributes to the different clinical profiles of EOAD and LOAD. Methods: According to the arbitrary cut-off age of 65, we included 22 EOAD patients, 27 LOAD patients and 38 healthy controls (further divided into 21 relatively young and 17 old controls). Participants underwent resting-state functional MRI, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and comprehensive neuropsychological assessments. We used voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) to examine interhemispheric functional connectivity. Then, we calculated the diffusion index based on tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS). Two-sample t-tests were used to assess the interhemispheric connectivity differences between each patient group and its corresponding control group. Results: We found that the EOAD patients had lower VMHC in the hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus (PHG), superior temporal gyrus (STG) and inferior parietal cortex (IPC) than did controls. Consistently, the EOAD patients exhibited white matter (WM) tract impairment in the posterior regions. On the other hand, the LOAD patients displayed increased VMHC and impaired WM tracts in the frontal region. Correlation analyses showed that VMHC in the IPC was related to executive function in the EOAD patients (r = −0.67, P < 0.05). Conclusion: In contrast to the LOAD patients, patients with EOAD exhibited more widely disrupted interhemispheric functional and structural connectivity, which overlapped well across brain regions. In addition, for the EOAD patients, decreased interhemispheric connectivity related to executive deficits. Our study suggested that different interhemispheric connectivity damage patterns may contribute to the distinct clinical profiles in EOAD and LOAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Cheng Li
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Luo
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Ze Zeng
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Xu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pei-Yu Huang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhu-Jing Shen
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Jing Xu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiong Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min-Ming Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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The Acute Physical and Cognitive Effects of a Classical Workplace Physical Activity Program Versus a Motor-Cognitive Coordination Workplace Program: A Randomized Crossover Trial. J Occup Environ Med 2018; 60:936-942. [PMID: 29905646 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the exercise loads and cognitive effects of a classical workplace program from that for a motor-cognitive coordination workplace intervention. METHODS Twenty-eight (28) employed adults (women 19, men 9) participated in a motor-cognitive coordination and a classical workplace health promotion exercise intervention. Effects on attention and cognition (trail making test [TMT]) as well as exercise load (heart rate and rates of perceived exhaustion [RPE]) were assessed. RESULTS The motor-cognitive intervention does not improve cognitive abilities (TMT-A: -4.6 ± 2.2 seconds; TMT-B: -8.5 ± 3.2 seconds) to a greater extent than the classical workplace health enhancement training (TMT-A: -4.6 ± 3.1 seconds; TMT-B: -7.4 ± 3.9 seconds) (P < 0.05). The exercise load was not different between the two interventions (maximal heart rate: 107 ± 8 vs 111 ± 6 bpm; RPE: 11.8 ± 1.7 vs 11.9 ± 1.2 points). CONCLUSIONS The motor-cognitive workplace intervention may be adopted as an additional/alternate enhancement in terms of varied activity, and not as a compensation intervention for workplace health. More research is needed to proof this assumption.
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24
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Daugherty AM, Zwilling C, Paul EJ, Sherepa N, Allen C, Kramer AF, Hillman CH, Cohen NJ, Barbey AK. Multi-modal fitness and cognitive training to enhance fluid intelligence. INTELLIGENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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25
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Díez-Cirarda M, Ojeda N, Peña J, Cabrera-Zubizarreta A, Lucas-Jiménez O, Gómez-Esteban JC, Gómez-Beldarrain MÁ, Ibarretxe-Bilbao N. Increased brain connectivity and activation after cognitive rehabilitation in Parkinson's disease: a randomized controlled trial. Brain Imaging Behav 2017; 11:1640-1651. [PMID: 27757820 PMCID: PMC5707237 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-016-9639-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive rehabilitation programs have demonstrated efficacy in improving cognitive functions in Parkinson's disease (PD), but little is known about cerebral changes associated with an integrative cognitive rehabilitation in PD. To assess structural and functional cerebral changes in PD patients, after attending a three-month integrative cognitive rehabilitation program (REHACOP). Forty-four PD patients were randomly divided into REHACOP group (cognitive rehabilitation) and a control group (occupational therapy). T1-weighted, diffusion weighted and functional magnetic resonance images (fMRI) during resting-state and during a memory paradigm (with learning and recognition tasks) were acquired at pre-treatment and post-treatment. Cerebral changes were assessed with repeated measures ANOVA 2 × 2 for group x time interaction. During resting-state fMRI, the REHACOP group showed significantly increased brain connectivity between the left inferior temporal lobe and the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex compared to the control group. Moreover, during the recognition fMRI task, the REHACOP group showed significantly increased brain activation in the left middle temporal area compared to the control group. During the learning fMRI task, the REHACOP group showed increased brain activation in the left inferior frontal lobe at post-treatment compared to pre-treatment. No significant structural changes were found between pre- and post-treatment. Finally, the REHACOP group showed significant and positive correlations between the brain connectivity and activation and the cognitive performance at post-treatment. This randomized controlled trial suggests that an integrative cognitive rehabilitation program can produce significant functional cerebral changes in PD patients and adds evidence to the efficacy of cognitive rehabilitation programs in the therapeutic approach for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Díez-Cirarda
- Department of Methods and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Biskay, Spain
| | - Natalia Ojeda
- Department of Methods and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Biskay, Spain
| | - Javier Peña
- Department of Methods and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Biskay, Spain
| | | | - Olaia Lucas-Jiménez
- Department of Methods and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Biskay, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Gómez-Esteban
- Neurodegenerative Unit, Biocruces Research Institute; Neurology Service, Cruces University Hospital, Bilbao, Biskay, Spain
| | | | - Naroa Ibarretxe-Bilbao
- Department of Methods and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Biskay, Spain.
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26
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Coutinho D, Gonçalves B, Travassos B, Wong DP, Coutts AJ, Sampaio JE. Mental Fatigue and Spatial References Impair Soccer Players' Physical and Tactical Performances. Front Psychol 2017; 8:1645. [PMID: 28983273 PMCID: PMC5613114 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the effects of mental fatigue and additional corridor and pitch sector lines on players' physical and tactical performances during soccer small-sided games. Twelve youth players performed four Gk+6vs6+Gk small-sided games. Prior to the game, one team performed a motor coordination task to induce mental fatigue, while the other one performed a control task. A repeated measures design allowed to compare players' performances across four conditions: (a) with mental fatigue against opponents without mental fatigue in a normal pitch (MEN), (b) with mental fatigue on a pitch with additional reference lines (#MEN); (c) without mental fatigue against mentally fatigued opponents on a normal pitch (CTR); and (d) without mental fatigue on a pitch with reference lines (#CTR). Player's physical performance was assessed by the distance covered per minute and the number of accelerations and decelerations (0.5–3.0 m/s2; > −3.0 m/s2). Positional data was used to determine individual (spatial exploration index, time synchronized in longitudinal and lateral directions) and team-related variables (length, width, speed of dispersion and contraction). Unclear effects were found for the physical activity measures in most of the conditions. There was a small decrease in time spent laterally synchronized and a moderate decrease in the contraction speed when MEN compared to the CTR. Also, there was a small decrease in the time spent longitudinally synchronized during the #MEN condition compared to MEN. The results showed that mental fatigue affects the ability to use environmental information and players' positioning, while the additional reference lines may have enhanced the use of less relevant information to guide their actions during the #MEN condition. Overall, coaches could manipulate the mental fatigue and reference lines to induce variability and adaptation in young soccer players' behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Coutinho
- Sport Sciences, Exercise and Health Department, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto DouroVila Real, Portugal
| | - Bruno Gonçalves
- Sport Sciences, Exercise and Health Department, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto DouroVila Real, Portugal
| | - Bruno Travassos
- Department of Sports Sciences, Universidade da Beira InteriorCovilhã, Portugal
| | - Del P Wong
- Sport Science Research Center, Shandong Sport UniversityJinan, China
| | - Aaron J Coutts
- Human Performance Research Centre, University of Technology SydneyUltimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Jaime E Sampaio
- Sport Sciences, Exercise and Health Department, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto DouroVila Real, Portugal
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27
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Talukdar T, Nikolaidis A, Zwilling CE, Paul EJ, Hillman CH, Cohen NJ, Kramer AF, Barbey AK. Aerobic Fitness Explains Individual Differences in the Functional Brain Connectome of Healthy Young Adults. Cereb Cortex 2017; 28:3600-3609. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tanveer Talukdar
- Decision Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Aki Nikolaidis
- Center for the Developing Brain, The Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chris E Zwilling
- Decision Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Erick J Paul
- Decision Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Charles H Hillman
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Neal J Cohen
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Arthur F Kramer
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Office of the Provost, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aron K Barbey
- Decision Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL, USA
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28
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Pläschke RN, Cieslik EC, Müller VI, Hoffstaedter F, Plachti A, Varikuti DP, Goosses M, Latz A, Caspers S, Jockwitz C, Moebus S, Gruber O, Eickhoff CR, Reetz K, Heller J, Südmeyer M, Mathys C, Caspers J, Grefkes C, Kalenscher T, Langner R, Eickhoff SB. On the integrity of functional brain networks in schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, and advanced age: Evidence from connectivity-based single-subject classification. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 38:5845-5858. [PMID: 28876500 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous whole-brain functional connectivity studies achieved successful classifications of patients and healthy controls but only offered limited specificity as to affected brain systems. Here, we examined whether the connectivity patterns of functional systems affected in schizophrenia (SCZ), Parkinson's disease (PD), or normal aging equally translate into high classification accuracies for these conditions. We compared classification performance between pre-defined networks for each group and, for any given network, between groups. Separate support vector machine classifications of 86 SCZ patients, 80 PD patients, and 95 older adults relative to their matched healthy/young controls, respectively, were performed on functional connectivity in 12 task-based, meta-analytically defined networks using 25 replications of a nested 10-fold cross-validation scheme. Classification performance of the various networks clearly differed between conditions, as those networks that best classified one disease were usually non-informative for the other. For SCZ, but not PD, emotion-processing, empathy, and cognitive action control networks distinguished patients most accurately from controls. For PD, but not SCZ, networks subserving autobiographical or semantic memory, motor execution, and theory-of-mind cognition yielded the best classifications. In contrast, young-old classification was excellent based on all networks and outperformed both clinical classifications. Our pattern-classification approach captured associations between clinical and developmental conditions and functional network integrity with a higher level of specificity than did previous whole-brain analyses. Taken together, our results support resting-state connectivity as a marker of functional dysregulation in specific networks known to be affected by SCZ and PD, while suggesting that aging affects network integrity in a more global way. Hum Brain Mapp 38:5845-5858, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel N Pläschke
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behavior (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Edna C Cieslik
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behavior (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Veronika I Müller
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behavior (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Felix Hoffstaedter
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behavior (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Anna Plachti
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behavior (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Deepthi P Varikuti
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behavior (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Mareike Goosses
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Anne Latz
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behavior (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Svenja Caspers
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,C. & O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,JARA-BRAIN, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, Jülich, Germany
| | - Christiane Jockwitz
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,C. & O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Susanne Moebus
- Center for Urban Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Oliver Gruber
- Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudia R Eickhoff
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behavior (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Reetz
- JARA-BRAIN, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, Jülich, Germany.,JARA-BRAIN Institute of Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging (INM-11), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Julia Heller
- JARA-BRAIN, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, Jülich, Germany.,JARA-BRAIN Institute of Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging (INM-11), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Südmeyer
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Center for Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation, Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Mathys
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julian Caspers
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Grefkes
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Cognitive Neurology Group (INM-3), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Tobias Kalenscher
- Comparative Psychology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Robert Langner
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behavior (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behavior (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
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Lin CS, Wu CY, Wu SY, Lin HH, Cheng DH, Lo WL. Age-Related Difference in Functional Brain Connectivity of Mastication. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:82. [PMID: 28420981 PMCID: PMC5376560 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The age-related decline in motor function is associated with changes in intrinsic brain signatures. Here, we investigated the functional connectivity (FC) associated with masticatory performance, a clinical index evaluating general masticatory function. Twenty-six older adults (OA) and 26 younger (YA) healthy adults were recruited and assessed using the masticatory performance index (MPI) and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). We analyzed the rs-fMRI FC network related to mastication, which was constructed based on 12 bilateral mastication-related brain regions according to the literature. For the OA and the YA group, we identified the mastication-related hubs, i.e., the nodes for which the degree centrality (DC) was positively correlated with the MPI. For each pair of nodes, we identified the inter-nodal link for which the FC was positively correlated with the MPI. The network analysis revealed that, in the YA group, the FC between the sensorimotor cortex, the thalamus (THA) and the cerebellum was positively correlated with the MPI. Consistently, the cerebellum nodes were defined as the mastication-related hubs. In contrast, in the OA group, we found a sparser connection within the sensorimotor regions and cerebellum and a denser connection across distributed regions, including the FC between the superior parietal lobe (SPL), the anterior insula (aINS) and the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC). Compared to the YA group, the network of the OA group also comprised more mastication-related hubs, which were spatially distributed outside the sensorimotor regions, including the right SPL, the right aINS, and the bilateral dACC. In general, the findings supported the hypothesis that in OA, higher masticatory performance is associated with a widespread pattern of mastication-related hubs. Such a widespread engagement of multiple brain regions associated with the MPI may reflect an increased demand in sensorimotor integration, attentional control and monitoring for OA to maintain good mastication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Shu Lin
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Wu
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming UniversityTaipei, Taiwan.,Division of Family Dentistry, Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General HospitalTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yun Wu
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming UniversityTaipei, Taiwan.,Division of Family Dentistry, Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General HospitalTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Han Lin
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Dong-Hui Cheng
- Division of Prosthodontics, Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General HospitalTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Liang Lo
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming UniversityTaipei, Taiwan.,Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General HospitalTaipei, Taiwan
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Thalamo-Sensorimotor Functional Connectivity Correlates with World Ranking of Olympic, Elite, and High Performance Athletes. Neural Plast 2017; 2017:1473783. [PMID: 28261504 PMCID: PMC5312054 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1473783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain plasticity studies have shown functional reorganization in participants with outstanding motor expertise. Little is known about neural plasticity associated with exceptionally long motor training or of its predictive value for motor performance excellence. The present study utilised resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) in a unique sample of world-class athletes: Olympic, elite, and internationally ranked swimmers (n = 30). Their world ranking ranged from 1st to 250th: each had prepared for participation in the Olympic Games. Combining rs-fMRI graph-theoretical and seed-based functional connectivity analyses, it was discovered that the thalamus has its strongest connections with the sensorimotor network in elite swimmers with the highest world rankings (career best rank: 1–35). Strikingly, thalamo-sensorimotor functional connections were highly correlated with the swimmers' motor performance excellence, that is, accounting for 41% of the individual variance in best world ranking. Our findings shed light on neural correlates of long-term athletic performance involving thalamo-sensorimotor functional circuits.
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