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Park JY, Kim TY, Woo SW, Moon HY. Effect of exercise-induced Neutrophil maturation on skeletal muscle repair in vitro. Biochem Biophys Rep 2024; 38:101699. [PMID: 38601749 PMCID: PMC11004084 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2024.101699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils as first line defender initiate a cascade of healing process immediately after muscle injury. At muscle injury site, neutrophils remove damaged muscle fibers and recruit other immune cells and these functions show in mature neutrophils. In the previous study, physical exercise can mediate neutrophils' functional changes such as phagocytosis and chemotaxis, though there is no research on how exercise-induced neutrophils contribute the muscle regeneration. In this present study, we investigated the maturation of neutrophils after 4 weeks of mouse treadmill exercise and assessed wound healing assay to evaluate whether treatment with exercise-activated neutrophils is effective for skeletal muscle repair in vitro. In the exercise group, significantly higher mRNA levels of maturation markers compared to the sedentary group and exercise-activated neutrophils improved wound healing of mouse muscle cells. To confirm at the human cell level, based on the well-known fact that exercise increases circulating cortisol levels, neutrophil-like cells were treated with dexamethasone (dHL60 + dex) as exercise mimetics. dHL60 + dex had significantly higher mRNA levels of neutrophil maturation marker and improved wound healing of human skeletal muscle cells compared to the control. These findings suggest that exercise affects neutrophil maturation and that exercise-induced neutrophils contribute to skeletal muscle repair in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Yeon Park
- Dept. of Physical Education, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Yeon Kim
- Dept. of Physical Education, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Won Woo
- Dept. of Physical Education, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Youl Moon
- Dept. of Physical Education, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Sport Science, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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2
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Farahbakht E, Alsinani Y, Safari M, Hofmeister M, Rezaie R, Sharifabadi A, Jahromi MK. Immunoinflammatory Response to Acute Noise Stress in Male Rats Adapted with Different Exercise Training. Noise Health 2023; 25:226-235. [PMID: 38358238 PMCID: PMC10849015 DOI: 10.4103/nah.nah_23_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Noise pollution is a kind of stress that impairs various physiological functions. This study evaluated the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MCT) on corticosterone, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and monocyte responses to acute noise stress in male rats. Design Forty-two male Wistar rats were divided into seven groups, including control which was assessed at the beginning, control time which was assessed simultaneously with experimental groups (CT), HIIT, MCT, HIIT followed by noise stress (HIIT+S), MCT followed by noise stress (MCT+S), and noise stress. HIIT and MCT were performed for 8 weeks. Noise stress was induced for one session. Blood samples were taken 48 hours after the last exercise session in training and CT groups and immediately after acute noise stress in stress groups of HIIT+S, MCT+S, and noise stress. Results In response to acute noise stress, MCT and HIIT adaptations increased corticosterone, while reduced monocytes compared to CT. MCT increased basal corticosterone and IL-6 and decreased monocytes; however, in response to acute noise stress, corticosterone was higher and monocyte count was lower in the HIIT+S group. Regarding the effect of training, corticosterone and monocytes in MCT were higher than in HIIT. The serum level of IL-6 was lower in MCT than CT group, while it was not significantly different between stress groups. Conclusion In response to noise stress, previous exercise, especially HIIT, increased stress while did not increase inflammatory and innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Farahbakht
- Department of Sport Sciences, School of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Mohammadamin Safari
- Department of Sport Sciences, School of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Martin Hofmeister
- Department Food and Nutrition, Consumer Centre of the German Federal State of Bavaria, Munich, Germany
| | - Rasoul Rezaie
- Department of Sport Sciences, School of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Alireza Sharifabadi
- Department of Sport Sciences, School of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Koushkie Jahromi
- Department of Sport Sciences, School of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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3
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Garneau L, Terada T, Mistura M, Mulvihill EE, Reed JL, Aguer C. Exercise training reduces circulating cytokines in male patients with coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes: A pilot study. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15634. [PMID: 36905198 PMCID: PMC10006733 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-grade inflammation is central to coronary artery disease (CAD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) and is reduced by exercise training. The objective of this study was to compare the anti-inflammatory potential of moderate-to-vigorous intensity continuous training (MICT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in patients with CAD with or without T2D. The design and setting of this study is based on a secondary analysis of registered randomized clinical trial NCT02765568. Male patients with CAD were randomly assigned to either MICT or HIIT, with subgroups divided according to T2D status (non-T2D-HIIT n = 14 and non-T2D-MICT n = 13; T2D-HIIT n = 6 and T2D-MICT n = 5). The intervention was a 12-week cardiovascular rehabilitation program consisting of either MICT or HIIT (twice weekly sessions) and circulating cytokines measured pre- and post-training as inflammatory markers. The co-occurrence of CAD and T2D was associated with increased plasma IL-8 (p = 0.0331). There was an interaction between T2D and the effect of the training interventions on plasma FGF21 (p = 0.0368) and IL-6 (p = 0.0385), which were further reduced in the T2D groups. An interaction between T2D, training modalities, and the effect of time (p = 0.0415) was detected for SPARC, with HIIT increasing circulating concentrations in the control group, while lowering them in the T2D group, and the inverse occurring with MICT. The interventions also reduced plasma FGF21 (p = 0.0030), IL-6 (p = 0.0101), IL-8 (p = 0.0087), IL-10 (p < 0.0001), and IL-18 (p = 0.0009) irrespective of training modality or T2D status. HIIT and MICT resulted in similar reductions in circulating cytokines known to be increased in the context of low-grade inflammation in CAD patients, an effect more pronounced in patients with T2D for FGF21 and IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Garneau
- Institut du Savoir Montfort – RechercheOntarioOttawaCanada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Tasuku Terada
- Exercise Physiology and Cardiovascular Health LabUniversity of Ottawa Heart InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
- Division of Cardiac Prevention and RehabilitationUniversity of Ottawa Heart InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Matheus Mistura
- Exercise Physiology and Cardiovascular Health LabUniversity of Ottawa Heart InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
- Division of Cardiac Prevention and RehabilitationUniversity of Ottawa Heart InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Erin E. Mulvihill
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
- Energy Substrate Metabolism Research LabUniversity of Ottawa Heart InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Jennifer L. Reed
- Exercise Physiology and Cardiovascular Health LabUniversity of Ottawa Heart InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
- Division of Cardiac Prevention and RehabilitationUniversity of Ottawa Heart InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Céline Aguer
- Institut du Savoir Montfort – RechercheOntarioOttawaCanada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
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4
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Meyer-Lindemann U, Moggio A, Dutsch A, Kessler T, Sager HB. The Impact of Exercise on Immunity, Metabolism, and Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3394. [PMID: 36834808 PMCID: PMC9967592 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise represents an effective preventive and therapeutic strategy beneficially modifying the course of multiple diseases. The protective mechanisms of exercise are manifold; primarily, they are elicited by alterations in metabolic and inflammatory pathways. Exercise intensity and duration strongly influence the provoked response. This narrative review aims to provide comprehensive up-to-date insights into the beneficial effects of physical exercise by illustrating the impact of moderate and vigorous exercise on innate and adaptive immunity. Specifically, we describe qualitative and quantitative changes in different leukocyte subsets while distinguishing between acute and chronic exercise effects. Further, we elaborate on how exercise modifies the progression of atherosclerosis, the leading cause of death worldwide, representing a prime example of a disease triggered by metabolic and inflammatory pathways. Here, we describe how exercise counteracts causal contributors and thereby improves outcomes. In addition, we identify gaps that still need to be addressed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Meyer-Lindemann
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, 80636 Munich, Germany
- DZHK e.V. (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Aldo Moggio
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, 80636 Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Dutsch
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, 80636 Munich, Germany
- DZHK e.V. (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Thorsten Kessler
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, 80636 Munich, Germany
- DZHK e.V. (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Hendrik B. Sager
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, 80636 Munich, Germany
- DZHK e.V. (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80336 Munich, Germany
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5
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Rubin J, Styner M. The skeleton in a physical world. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2022; 247:2213-2222. [PMID: 35983849 PMCID: PMC9899984 DOI: 10.1177/15353702221113861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
All organisms exist within a physical space and respond to physical forces as part of daily life. In higher organisms, the skeleton is critical for locomotion in the physical environment, providing a carapace upon which the animal can move to accomplish functions necessary for living. As such, the skeleton has responded evolutionarily, and does in real-time, to physical stresses placed on it to ensure that its structure supports its function in the sea, in the air, and on dry land. In this article, we consider how those cells responsible for remodeling skeletal structure respond to mechanical force including load magnitude, frequency, and cyclicity, and how force rearranges cellular structure in turn. The effects of these forces to balance the mesenchymal stem cell supply of bone-forming osteoblasts and energy storing adipocytes are addressed. That this phenotypic switching is achieved at the level of both gene transactivation and alteration of structural epigenetic controls of gene expression is considered. Finally, as clinicians, we consider this information as it applies to a prescriptive for intelligent exercise.
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6
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Padilha CS, Von Ah Morano AE, Krüger K, Rosa-Neto JC, Lira FS. The growing field of immunometabolism and exercise: Key findings in the last 5 years. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:4001-4020. [PMID: 36052887 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This perspective review highlights the impact of physical exercise on immunometabolic responses in the past 5 years. Understanding immunometabolism as a part of immunological research is essential. Furthermore, the roles of both acute and chronic effects of physical exercise on health, aging, and chronic diseases in immunometabolic changes should be elaborated. In immune cells, β2 adrenergic signaling stimulates the preferential mobilization of inflammatory phenotypes, such as CD16+ monocytes and CD8+ T cells, into the bloodstream after a physical exercise session. The mobilization of immune cells is closely related to the availability of energetic substrates for the cell and mechanisms associated with the uptake and oxidation of fatty acids and glucose. These cells, especially senescent T cells, are mobilized to the peripheral tissues and undergo apoptotic signaling, stimulating the creation of a "vacant space" where new cells will be matured and replaced in the circulation. This results in the upregulation of the expression and secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and IL-1ra), leading to increased regulatory immune cells that provide immunoregulatory properties. Thus, we suggest that a significant nutrient available to the cell will favor oxidative metabolism, augment ATP production, and consequently maintain the immune cells in their quiescent state, as well as promote rapid activation function. Therefore, based on the studies discussed in this perspective review, we highlight the importance of performing moderate-intensity continuous and high-intensity intermittent aerobic exercises, due to a higher magnitude of energetic demand and release of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-10).
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila S Padilha
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Ana E Von Ah Morano
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil.,Department of Physical Education, Post-Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Laboratory of InVestigation in Exercise, Scientific Research Group Related to Physical Activity, Sao Paulo State University, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karsten Krüger
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - José C Rosa-Neto
- Immunometabolism Research Group, E LIM-26, University of São Paulo, São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Fabio S Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil.,Faculty of Sports Science and Physical Education, Research Center for Sports and Physical Activity, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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7
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Ouerghi N, Fradj MKB, Duclos M, Bouassida A, Feki M, Weiss K, Knechtle B. Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training on Selected Adipokines and Cardiometabolic Risk Markers in Normal-Weight and Overweight/Obese Young Males-A Pre-Post Test Trial. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11060853. [PMID: 35741374 PMCID: PMC9219855 DOI: 10.3390/biology11060853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to assess effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on plasma adipokines and cardiometabolic markers in normal and excess weight youth. Eighteen healthy young males (18.2 ± 1.06 yrs.) were divided in normal-weight group (NWG; body mass index (BMI), 20.5 ± 1.51 kg/m2; n = 9) and excess-weight group (EWG; BMI, 30.8 ± 4.56 kg/m2; n = 9). Participants performed an eight-week HIIT program without caloric restriction. Body composition, plasma leptin, adiponectin, chemerin, omentin-1, lipids, C-reactive protein (CRP), and the homeostasis model assessment index for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were assessed before and after the HIIT program. The program resulted in significant increases in omentin levels (p < 0.01) in EWG (27%) and NWG (22%), but no changes in leptin, adiponectin, and chemerin in both groups. BMI (−1.62%; p = 0.015), body fat (−1.59%; p = 0.021), total cholesterol (−11.8%; p = 0.026), triglycerides (−21.3%; p = 0.023), and HOMA-IR (−31.5%; p = 0.043) decreased in EWG only. Repeated measures detected significant interaction “Time x Group” for body mass and BMI only. Eight-week HIIT program improved body composition, lipid profile, and insulin sensitivity in excess-weight individuals. It resulted in an increase in omentin levels in both normal- and excess-weight groups, but no changes in leptin, adiponectin, and chemerin. Body composition has not influenced the response of the four adipokines to HIIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nejmeddine Ouerghi
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, UR13JS01, Jendouba 7100, Tunisia; (N.O.); (A.B.)
- Rabta Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, LR99ES11, Tunis 1007, Tunisia; (M.K.B.F.); (M.F.)
| | - Mohamed Kacem Ben Fradj
- Rabta Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, LR99ES11, Tunis 1007, Tunisia; (M.K.B.F.); (M.F.)
| | - Martine Duclos
- Departments of Sport Medicine and Functional Explorations, University-Hospital, G. Montpied Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
- INRA, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- UFR Medicine, Clermont University, University of Auvergne, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Anissa Bouassida
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, UR13JS01, Jendouba 7100, Tunisia; (N.O.); (A.B.)
| | - Moncef Feki
- Rabta Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, LR99ES11, Tunis 1007, Tunisia; (M.K.B.F.); (M.F.)
| | - Katja Weiss
- Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, 9000 St. Gallen, Switzerland;
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, 8001 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beat Knechtle
- Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, 9000 St. Gallen, Switzerland;
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, 8001 Zurich, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-(0)-71-226-93-00
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8
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Figueiredo C, Padilha C, Dorneles G, Peres A, Krüger K, Rosa Neto JC, Lira F. Type and Intensity as Key Variable of Exercise in Metainflammation diseases: A Review. Int J Sports Med 2021; 43:743-767. [PMID: 34902867 DOI: 10.1055/a-1720-0369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Monocyte and lymphocyte subpopulations exhibit functions that vary between the anti- and pro-inflammatory spectrum, such as classic CD16- and non-classical CD16+ monocytes, as well as T helper 2 lymphocytes (Th2), the Th1/Th17 lymphocytes ratio, and T regulatory lymphocytes (Treg). Metabolic disease-associated inflammation is accompanied by an imbalance in monocyte and lymphocyte phenotypes and functionality, as well as a stronger proportion of inflammatory subpopulations. These changes appear to be important for the development and progression of diseases like diabetes and cardiovascular disease. On the other hand, the regular practice of physical exercise is an important tool to restore the functionality of monocytes and lymphocytes, and to balance the subtypes ratio. However, key variables regarding exercise prescription, such as the type of exercise, intensity, and volume differentially impact on the acute and chronic immune response in individuals diagnosed with meta inflammation diseases. Here, we discuss the impact of different physical exercise protocols, acutely and chronically, on monocytes and lymphocytes of individuals with metabolic disease-associated inflammation. In this review, we focus on the best effects of different exercise protocols to dose the "exercise pill" in different inflammatory status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caique Figueiredo
- Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho - Campus de Presidente Prudente, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Camila Padilha
- Physical Education, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Gilson Dorneles
- Immunology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Peres
- Immunology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Karsten Krüger
- Dept. of Sport Medicine, Institute of Sport Science, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Fábio Lira
- Department of Physical Education, Unesp, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
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9
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MacDonald G, Sitlinger A, Deal MA, Hanson ED, Ferraro S, Pieper CF, Weinberg JB, Brander DM, Bartlett DB. A pilot study of high-intensity interval training in older adults with treatment naïve chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23137. [PMID: 34848750 PMCID: PMC8633014 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02352-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common leukemia in the USA, affecting predominantly older adults. CLL is characterized by low physical fitness, reduced immunity, and increased risk of secondary malignancies and infections. One approach to improving CLL patients' physical fitness and immune functions may be participation in a structured exercise program. The aims of this pilot study were to examine physical and immunological changes, and feasibility of a 12-week high-intensity interval training (HIIT) combined with muscle endurance-based resistance training on older adults with treatment naïve CLL. We enrolled eighteen participants with CLL aged 64.9 ± 9.1 years and assigned them to groups depending on distance lived from our fitness center. Ten participants (4 M/6F) completed HIIT and six participants (4 M/2F) completed a non-exercising control group (Controls). HIIT consisted of three 30-min treadmill sessions/week plus two concurrent 30-min strength training sessions/week. Physical and immunological outcomes included aerobic capacity, muscle strength and endurance, and natural killer (NK) cell recognition and killing of tumor cells. We confirmed feasibility if > 70% of HIIT participants completed > 75% of prescribed sessions and prescribed minutes, and if > 80% of high-intensity intervals were at a heart rate corresponding to at least 80% of peak aerobic capacity (VO2peak). Results are presented as Hedge's G effect sizes (g), with 0.2, 0.5 and 0.8 representing small, medium and large effects, respectively. Following HIIT, leg strength (g = 2.52), chest strength (g = 1.15) and seated row strength (g = 3.07) were 35.4%, 56.1% and 39.5% higher than Controls, respectively, while aerobic capacity was 3.8% lower (g = 0.49) than Controls. Similarly, following HIIT, in vitro NK-cell cytolytic activity against the K562 cell line (g = 1.43), OSU-CLL cell line (g = 0.95), and autologous B-cells (g = 1.30) were 20.3%, 3.0% and 14.6% higher than Controls, respectively. Feasibility was achieved, with HIIT completing 5.0 ± 0.2 sessions/week and 99 ± 3.6% of the prescribed minutes/week at heart rates corresponding to 89 ± 2.8% of VO2peak. We demonstrate that 12-weeks of supervised HIIT combined with muscle endurance-based resistance training is feasible, and that high adherence and compliance are associated with large effects on muscle strength and immune function in older adults with treatment naïve CLL.Trial registration: NCT04950452.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace MacDonald
- Division of Medical Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Andrea Sitlinger
- Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapies, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael A Deal
- Division of Medical Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Erik D Hanson
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Stephanie Ferraro
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Carl F Pieper
- Duke University Aging Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - J Brice Weinberg
- Division of Hematology, Duke University School of Medicine and VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Danielle M Brander
- Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapies, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - David B Bartlett
- Division of Medical Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA. .,Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA. .,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK. .,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC, 27701, USA.
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10
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Exercise Cuts Both Ways with ROS in Remodifying Innate and Adaptive Responses: Rewiring the Redox Mechanism of the Immune System during Exercise. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111846. [PMID: 34829717 PMCID: PMC8615250 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nearly all cellular functions depend on redox reactions, including those of immune cells. However, how redox reactions are rearranged to induce an immune response to the entry of pathogens into the host is a complex process. Understanding this scenario will facilitate identification of the roles of specific types of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the immune system. Although the detrimental effect of ROS could support the innate immune system, the adaptive immune system also requires a low level of ROS in order to stimulate various molecular functions. The requirements and functions of ROS vary in different cells, including immune cells. Thus, it is difficult to understand the specific ROS types and their targeting functions. Incomplete transfer of electrons to a specific target, along with failure of the antioxidant response, could result in oxidative-damage-related diseases, and oxidative damage is a common phenomenon in most immune disorders. Exercise is a noninvasive means of regulating ROS levels and antioxidant responses. Several studies have shown that exercise alone boosts immune functions independent of redox reactions. Here, we summarize how ROS target various signaling pathways of the immune system and its functions, along with the possible role of exercise in interfering with immune system signaling.
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11
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Bartlett DB, Hanson ED, Lee JT, Wagoner CW, Harrell EP, Sullivan SA, Bates LC, Alzer MS, Amatuli DJ, Deal AM, Jensen BC, MacDonald G, Deal MA, Muss HB, Nyrop KA, Battaglini CL. The Effects of 16 Weeks of Exercise Training on Neutrophil Functions in Breast Cancer Survivors. Front Immunol 2021; 12:733101. [PMID: 34777343 PMCID: PMC8578958 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.733101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Following therapy, breast cancer survivors (BCS) have an increased risk of infections because of age and cancer dysregulation of inflammation and neutrophil functions. Neutrophil functions may be improved by exercise training, although limited data exist on exercise and neutrophil functions in BCS.Sixteen BCS [mean age: 56 (SD 11) years old] completed 16 weeks of community-based exercise training and a 45-minute acute bout of cycling before (Base) and after (Final) the exercise training program. Exercise training consisted of 3 x 40 – 60 minute mixed mode aerobic exercises, comprising 10 – 30 minutes aerobic and 30 minutes resistance training. At Base and Final, we took BCS blood samples before (PRE), immediately after (POST), and 1 hour after (1Hr) acute exercise to determine neutrophil counts, phenotype, bacterial killing, IL-6, and IL-8 levels. Eleven healthy, age- and physical activity levels-matched women (Control) completed the acute bout of exercise once as a healthy response reference. Resting Responses. BCS and Controls had similar Base PRE absolute neutrophil counts [mean (SD): 3.3 (1.9) v 3.1 (1.2) x 109/L, p=0.801], but BCS had lower bacterial phagocytosis [3991 (1233) v 4881 (417) MFI, p=0.035] and higher oxidative killing [6254 (1434) v 4709 (1220) MFI, p=0.005], lower CD16 [4159 (1785) v 7018 (1240) MFI, p<0.001], lower CXCR2 [4878 (1796) v 6330 (1299) MFI, p=0.032] and higher TLR2 [98 (32) v 72 (17) MFI, p=0.022] expression, while IL-6 [7.4 (5.4) v 4.0 (2.7) pg/mL, p=0.079] levels were marginally higher and IL-8 [6.0 (4.7) v 7.9 (5.0) pg/mL, p=0.316] levels similar. After 16 weeks of training, compared to Controls, BCS Final PRE phagocytosis [4510 (738) v 4881 (417) MFI, p=0.146] and TLR2 expression [114 (92) v 72 (17) MFI, p=0.148] were no longer different. Acute Exercise Responses. As compared to Controls, at Base, BCS phagocytic Pre-Post response was lower [mean difference, % (SD): 12% (26%), p=0.042], CD16 Pre-Post response was lower [12% (21%), p=0.016] while CD16 Pre-1Hr response was higher [13% (25%), p=0.022], TLR2 Pre-Post response was higher [15% (4%) p=0.002], while IL-8 Pre-Post response was higher [99% (48%), p=0.049]. As compared to Controls, following 16 weeks of training BCS phagocytic Pre-Post response [5% (5%), p=0.418], CD16 Pre-1Hr response [7% (7%), p=0.294], TLR2 Pre-Post response [6% (4%), p=0.092], and IL-8 Pre-Post response [1% (9%), p=0.087] were no longer different. Following cancer therapy, BCS may have impaired neutrophil functions in response to an acute bout of exercise that are partially restored by 16 weeks of exercise training. The improved phagocytosis of bacteria in BCS may represent an exercise-induced intrinsic improvement in neutrophil functions consistent with a reduced risk of infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Bartlett
- Division of Medical Oncology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.,Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Erik D Hanson
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Human Movement Science Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Jordan T Lee
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Human Movement Science Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Chad W Wagoner
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Human Movement Science Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Elizabeth P Harrell
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Stephanie A Sullivan
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Lauren C Bates
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Human Movement Science Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Mohamdod S Alzer
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Dean J Amatuli
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Allison M Deal
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Brian C Jensen
- Division of Cardiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Grace MacDonald
- Division of Medical Oncology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.,Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Michael A Deal
- Division of Medical Oncology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.,Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Hyman B Muss
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Kirsten A Nyrop
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Claudio L Battaglini
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Human Movement Science Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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12
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Qin F, Fan Z, Xu M, Wang Z, Dong Y, Qu C, Cui S, Zhao L, Zhao J. Amelioration of Ambient Particulate Matter (PM 2.5)-Induced Lung Injury in Rats by Aerobic Exercise Training. Front Physiol 2021; 12:731594. [PMID: 34764879 PMCID: PMC8576392 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.731594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ambient particulate matter (PM2.5), as an inflammation-inducing factor, increases the prevalence of lung injury. The aim of this study was to examine the protective effect and mechanism of aerobic exercise on PM2.5 exposure-induced lung injury. Forty Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: sedentary+PM2.5 exposure, exercise+PM2.5 exposure, sedentary, and exercise groups. All rats in the exercise-related groups underwent 8-week aerobic interval treadmill training (5daysweek−1, 1hday−1). PM-exposed rats were exposed to ambient PM2.5 (6h day−1) for 3weeks after the 8-week exercise intervention. Then, ventilation function, histopathological changes, and inflammation responses of pulmonary tissue were examined. Results showed that PM2.5 exposure induced lung injury as manifested by decreased pulmonary function, abnormal histopathological changes, and increased pro-inflammatory cytokine levels (tumor necrosis factor-α and Interleukin-1α). Aerobic exercise alleviated the airway obstruction, reduced respiratory muscle strength, bronchial mucosal exfoliation, ultrastructure damage, and inflammatory responses induced by PM2.5 in exercise-related groups. The benefits of exercise were related with the downregulation of p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and the subsequent inhibition of the pathways of the cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) product, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Thus, pre-exercise training may be an effective way to protect against PM2.5-induced lung inflammatory injury in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Qin
- Sport Biological Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China.,School of Physical Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengzheng Fan
- Sport Biological Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
| | - Minxiao Xu
- Sport Biological Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China.,Institute of Physical Education and Training, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongwei Wang
- Sport Biological Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Dong
- Athletic Sports Research Lab, Beijing Institute of Sports Science, Beijing, China
| | - Chaoyi Qu
- Sport Biological Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
| | - Shuqiang Cui
- Athletic Sports Research Lab, Beijing Institute of Sports Science, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Zhao
- Sport Biological Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
| | - Jiexiu Zhao
- Sport Biological Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
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13
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Abassi W, Ouerghi N, Nikolaidis PT, Hill L, Racil G, Knechtle B, Feki M, Bouassida A. Interval Training with Different Intensities in Overweight/Obese Adolescent Females. Int J Sports Med 2021; 43:434-443. [PMID: 34749418 DOI: 10.1055/a-1648-4653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
To compare the effects of 12 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) versus moderate-intensity interval training (MIIT) on hematological and inflammatory markers in youth females, 38 overweight/obese females (16.4±1.0 yrs.) were randomly assigned to HIIT (2×6-8 repetitions of 30 s at 100-110% maximal aerobic speed (MAS), with 30 s active recovery between repetitions at 50% MAS; n=13), MIIT (2×6-8 repetitions of 30 s at 70-80% MAS, with 30 s active recovery between repetitions at 50% MAS; n=13), and a control group (CG, no intervention; n=12). Body composition, blood pressure, maximal heart rate, hematological and inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein [CRP], and erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR]) markers were assessed in all groups before and following the training program. Results revealed a significant (P<0.05) interaction effect for body composition, systolic blood pressure (SBP), MAS, maximal heart rate, and CRP. Within-group analyses for the HIIT and MIIT groups showed significant improvements in body mass (P=0.009 and P=0.025, respectively), BMI Z-score (P=0.011 and P=0.028, respectively), and MAS (P<0.001 and P=0.011, respectively). The HIIT program showed a significant decrease in body fat (P=0.002), waist circumference (P=0.002), maximal heart rate (P=0.003), SBP (P=0.001), and plasma CRP (P=0.004). In both groups, no significant changes were observed in ESR and hematological markers after intervention. No variable changed in CG. HIIT was the effective method to manage cardiometabolic health and inflammatory disorders in obese youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wissal Abassi
- University of Jendouba, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, UR13JS01, 7100 Kef, Tunisia.,University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Rabta Hospital, LR99ES11, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia.,Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, University of "La Manouba", Manouba 2010, Tunisia
| | - Nejmeddine Ouerghi
- University of Jendouba, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, UR13JS01, 7100 Kef, Tunisia.,University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Rabta Hospital, LR99ES11, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Lee Hill
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Ghazi Racil
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, University of "La Manouba", Manouba 2010, Tunisia
| | - Beat Knechtle
- Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, St. Gallen, Switzerland.,Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Moncef Feki
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Rabta Hospital, LR99ES11, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Anissa Bouassida
- University of Jendouba, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, UR13JS01, 7100 Kef, Tunisia
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14
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Souza D, Vale AF, Silva A, Araújo MAS, de Paula Júnior CA, de Lira CAB, Ramirez-Campillo R, Martins W, Gentil P. Acute and Chronic Effects of Interval Training on the Immune System: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10090868. [PMID: 34571745 PMCID: PMC8465842 DOI: 10.3390/biology10090868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Interval training (IT) is a popular training strategy recognized by its positive effects on metabolic and cardiovascular system. However, there seems no consensus regarding the effects of IT on immune system parameters. Therefore, we aimed to summarize the evidence regarding the effects of IT on the immune system. As our many findings, an IT acutely promote a transitory change on immune cell count followed by reduced function. The magnitude of these changes seems to vary in accordance with IT type. On the other hand, the regular practice of IT might contribute to improve immune function without apparent change on immune cell count. Abstract Purpose: To summarize the evidence regarding the acute and chronic effects of interval training (IT) in the immune system through a systematic review with meta-analysis. Design: Systematic review with meta-analysis. Data source: English, Portuguese and Spanish languages search of the electronic databases Pubmed/Medline, Scopus, and SciELO. Eligibility criteria: Studies such as clinical trials, randomized cross-over trials and randomized clinical trials, investigating the acute and chronic effects of IT on the immune outcomes in humans. Results: Of the 175 studies retrieved, 35 were included in the qualitative analysis and 18 in a meta-analysis. Within-group analysis detected significant acute decrease after IT on immunoglobulin A (IgA) secretory rate (n = 115; MD = −15.46 µg·min−1; 95%CI, −28.3 to 2.66; p = 0.02), total leucocyte count increase (n = 137; MD = 2.58 × 103 µL−1; 95%CI, 1.79 to 3.38; p < 0.001), increase in lymphocyte count immediately after exercise (n = 125; MD = 1.3 × 103 µL−1; 95%CI, 0.86 to 1.75; p < 0.001), and decrease during recovery (30 to 180 min post-exercise) (n = 125; MD = −0.36 × 103 µL−1;−0.57 to −0.15; p < 0.001). No effect was detected on absolute IgA (n = 127; MD = 47.5 µg·mL−1; 95%CI, −10.6 to 105.6; p = 0.11). Overall, IT might acutely reduce leucocyte function. Regarding chronic effects IT improved immune function without change leucocyte count. Conclusion: IT might provide a transient disturbance on the immune system, followed by reduced immune function. However, regular IT performance induces favorable adaptations on immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Souza
- Faculdade de Educação Física e Dança, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil; (D.S.); (A.F.V.); (A.S.); (M.A.S.A.); (C.A.B.d.L.)
| | - Arthur F. Vale
- Faculdade de Educação Física e Dança, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil; (D.S.); (A.F.V.); (A.S.); (M.A.S.A.); (C.A.B.d.L.)
| | - Anderson Silva
- Faculdade de Educação Física e Dança, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil; (D.S.); (A.F.V.); (A.S.); (M.A.S.A.); (C.A.B.d.L.)
| | - Murilo A. S. Araújo
- Faculdade de Educação Física e Dança, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil; (D.S.); (A.F.V.); (A.S.); (M.A.S.A.); (C.A.B.d.L.)
| | | | - Claudio A. B. de Lira
- Faculdade de Educação Física e Dança, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil; (D.S.); (A.F.V.); (A.S.); (M.A.S.A.); (C.A.B.d.L.)
| | | | - Wagner Martins
- Faculdade de Fisioterapia, Universidade de Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil;
| | - Paulo Gentil
- Faculdade de Educação Física e Dança, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil; (D.S.); (A.F.V.); (A.S.); (M.A.S.A.); (C.A.B.d.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-62-3521-1021
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15
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Abstract
High-intensity training is becoming increasingly popular outside of elite sport
for health prevention and rehabilitation. This expanded application of
high-intensity training in different populations requires a deeper understanding
of its molecular signature in the human body. Therefore, in this integrative
review, cellular and systemic molecular responses to high-intensity training are
described for skeletal muscle, cardiovascular system, and the immune system as
major effectors and targets of health and performance. Different kinds of
stimuli and resulting homeostatic perturbations (i. e., metabolic,
mechanical, neuronal, and hormonal) are reflected, taking into account their
role in the local and systemic deflection of molecular sensors and mediators,
and their role in tissue and organ adaptations. In skeletal muscle, a high
metabolic perturbation induced by high-intensity training is the major stimulus
for skeletal muscle adaptation. In the cardio-vascular system, high-intensity
training induces haemodynamic stress and deflection of the
Ca
2+
handling as major stimuli for
functional and structural adaptation of the heart and vessels. For the immune
system haemodynamic stress, hormones, exosomes, and O
2
availability
are proposed stimuli that mediate their effects by alteration of different
signalling processes leading to local and systemic (anti)inflammatory responses.
Overall, high-intensity training shows specific molecular signatures that
demonstrate its high potential to improve health and physical performance.
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16
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High-intensity interval training in cardiac rehabilitation. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-021-00731-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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17
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Impact of exercise on the immune system and outcomes in hematologic malignancies. Blood Adv 2021; 4:1801-1811. [PMID: 32343800 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019001317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise is increasingly recognized as important to cancer care. The biology of how exercise improves outcomes is not well understood, however. Studies show that exercise favorably influences the immune system in healthy individuals (neutrophils, monocytes, natural killer cells, T cells, and a number of cytokines). Thus, exercise in patients with hematologic cancer could significantly improve immune function and tumor microenvironment. We performed a literature search and identified 7 studies examining exercise and the immune environment in hematologic malignancies. This review focuses on the role of exercise and physical activity on the immune system in hematologic malignancies and healthy adults.
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18
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Comparison of High-Intensity Training Versus Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training on Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Body Fat Percentage in Persons With Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Phys Act Health 2021; 18:610-623. [PMID: 33837165 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2020-0335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-intensity training is comprised of sprint interval training (SIT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT). This study compared high-intensity training with moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and body fat percentage for overweight or obese persons. METHODS A systematic search of randomized controlled trials using the health science databases occurred up to April, 2020. Twenty-six studies were included for complete analysis. A total of 784 participations were analyzed. The unstandardized mean difference for each outcome measurement was extracted from the studies and pooled with the random effects model. RESULTS MICT was significantly better at improving CRF compared with SIT (mean difference = -0.92; 95% confidence interval, -1.63 to -0.21; P = .01; I2 = 10%). Furthermore, there was no significant difference between MICT versus HIIT on CRF (mean difference = -0.52; 95% confidence interval, -1.18 to 0.13; P = .12; I2 = 23%). There was no significant difference in body fat percentage between MICT versus HIIT and MICT versus SIT. CONCLUSIONS MICT was significantly better at improving CRF than SIT in overweight or obese persons.
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19
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Differential effects of whole blood heat treatment on the ex vivo inflammatory profile of untrained and trained men. Cytokine 2021; 142:155514. [PMID: 33812764 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of heat stress on the ex vivo inflammatory profile in untrained and trained men. Whole blood samples from untrained (UT) and trained (TR) individuals were incubated for 2 h at 37 °C or 40 °C. The whole blood of a subsample of the participants (n = 5 in both TR and UT groups) were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10 ng/mL) concomitant to heat treatment (37 °C versus 40 °C). Flow cytometry was used to assess the intracellular NF-κB activation in CD4+ T cells and CD14+ monocytes, the expression of Toll-Like Receptor-4 (TLR-4), the frequencies of CD4+CD25-CD39+ and CD4+CD25+CD39+ T cells and monocyte subsets (CD14+CD16-; CD14+CD16+; CD14-CD16+), the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by lymphocytes and monocytes. The production of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) by LPS-stimulated whole blood were also evaluated. Heat treatment (40 °C) increased the proportions of CD14+CD16- and CD14+CD16+ monocytes and the lymphocyte MMP in the UT group. The frequencies of CD14-CD16+ monocytes and the activation of NF-κB in CD14+ monocytes decreased in UT and TR groups after heat treatment, while a reduction in CD4+CD25-CD39+ T-cells was observed only in the UT group. Higher TLR-4 and NF-κB activation were found in LPS-stimulated monocytes of UT men concomitant with higher TNF-α production and diminished IL-10 production after heat treatment. TR individuals presented lower NF- κB activation in LPS-stimulated monocytes after heat treatment. Our data suggest that the training status of individuals may impact on the anti-inflammatory response of heat treatment.
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20
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Laneuville O, Rocheleau L, Chan Chun Kong D, Pelchat M, Trudel G. Effect of rehabilitation on biologic and transcriptomic responses after hospital-acquired deconditioning: a prospective longitudinal feasibility study. Disabil Rehabil 2021; 44:3623-3631. [PMID: 33478276 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2021.1875507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study is to explore the transcriptomic and biologic variables characterizing the longitudinal rehabilitation intervention of patients with hospital-acquired deconditioning (HAD). METHODS This prospective clinical trial recruited HAD patients (n = 10) who spent ≥3 weeks hospitalized and then received inpatient rehabilitation. Functional improvement was measured using the Functional Independence Measure (FIM). Transcriptomic and biological variables were recorded at rehabilitation admission and 1, 2, 4, and 6 weeks post-admission. RNA sequencing studied the temporal changes of gene expression in leukocytes. Between-subject transcriptome comparisons were performed using principle component analysis. Within-subject changes in gene expression were analyzed using a gene ontology hierarchical clustering to identify common biological terms. Heart rate, weight, albumin, creatinine, and complete blood counts were analyzed. RESULTS Patients average age was 50.6 ± 7.2, FIM increased during inpatient rehabilitation (p = 0.01), weight increased (p = 0.01), lymphocytes decreased (p = 0.05), neutrophil increased (0.03) and red cell distribution width decreased (p = 0.05). The temporal profiles of gene expression revealed within-patient homogeneity and between-patients heterogeneity. The biological terms "bone morphogenesis" and "muscle cell development" were the most significantly enriched differentially expressed genes. CONCLUSION Transcriptomic and biologic markers paralleled the functional improvements of HAD patients during inpatient rehabilitation. Transcriptomic analyses were consistent with the cohort heterogeneity. Enrichment of the biological pathways bone morphogenesis and muscle cell development constituted evidence at the gene expression level of the effect of rehabilitation. Larger studies of various rehabilitation patient groups may increase gene expression profile homogeneity. Objective transcriptomic and biologic markers have the potential to improve the rehabilitation of HAD patients.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONNovel gene expression methods are increasingly being integrated into clinical practice and may apply to rehabilitation.Patients with hospital-acquired deconditioning (HAD) enriched gene expression of pathways targeted by inpatient rehabilitation such as bone morphogenesis and muscle cell development.The gene expression paralleled functional improvement of HAD patients.These data demonstrated the feasibility of molecular methods to identify markers of rehabilitation success in HAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odette Laneuville
- Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Lynda Rocheleau
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Martin Pelchat
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Guy Trudel
- Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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21
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Sanguinarine and Chelidonine Synergistically Induce Endosomal Toll-like Receptor and M1-Associated Mediators Expression. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.14.4.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural compounds represent the great capability to stimulate several cell types. Macrophage plays an important role for an effective immune response for infection and inflammation. Isoquinoline alkaloid, sanguinarine, and chelidonine are active compounds that exhibit activity on various tumor cells and immune cells. However, the effect of these compounds on the endosomal toll-like receptor (enTLR) and type I interferon (IFN) are still unclear. The monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) were cultured and were determined their cell viability and phagocytic activity to Staphylococcus aureus DMST8840. The nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression were also examined. The expression of enTLRs, type I IFN, and cytokines were determined by real-time PCR. Result shows that the compounds did not affect on MDM cell viability. Sanguinarine and chelidonine enhance phagocytic activity of MDM against Staphylococcus aureus DMST8840 by revealing a higher number of bacterial survival than the MDM treated by polyI:C, and the cell control after co-culture for 3 h. The production of NO has no difference amount but iNOS mRNA production was down-regulated in sanguinarine, chelidonine and their mixed treated MDM. The expressions of enTLRs and IFN-β1 mRNA were up-regulated in both compounds and their combination. Additionally, these compounds also enhance M1-liked cytokine by up-regulated IL-6 and down-regulated IL-10 and TGF-β1, respectively. Therefore, sanguinarine and chelidonine enhance enTLR and IFN-β1 expression and trend to stimulate the cell into M1-liked MDM.
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22
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Sá Filho AS, Miranda TG, de Paula CC, Barsanulfo SR, Teixeira D, Monteiro D, Cid L, Imperatori C, Yamamoto T, Murillo-Rodriguez E, Amatriain Fernández S, Budde H, Machado S. COVID-19 and Quarantine: Expanding Understanding of How to Stay Physically Active at Home. Front Psychol 2020; 11:566032. [PMID: 33192841 PMCID: PMC7658189 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.566032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Souza Sá Filho
- Post Graduate Program of University Center of Anápolis (UniEVANGÉLICA), Anápolis, Brazil.,Physical Education Department of Universidade Paulista (UNIP-Campus Flamboyant), Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | - Carolina Cavalcante de Paula
- Post Graduate Program of University Center of Anápolis (UniEVANGÉLICA), Anápolis, Brazil.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Diogo Teixeira
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias (ULHT), Lisbon, Portugal.,Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Mérida, Mexico
| | - Diogo Monteiro
- Department of Human Kinetics, ESECS, Polytechnic of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal.,Research Center in Sport, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Luis Cid
- Research Center in Sport, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), Vila Real, Portugal.,Sport Science School of Rio Maior (ESDRM-IPSantarém), Rio Maior, Portugal
| | - Claudio Imperatori
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Mérida, Mexico.,Cognitive and Clinical Psychology Laboratory, Department of Human Science, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Tetsuya Yamamoto
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Mérida, Mexico.,Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Eric Murillo-Rodriguez
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Mérida, Mexico.,Escuela de Medicina, División Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac Mayab, Yucatán, Mexico
| | | | - Henning Budde
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Mérida, Mexico.,Faculty of Human Sciences, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sergio Machado
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Mérida, Mexico.,Laboratory of Physical Activity Neuroscience, Physical Activity Sciences Postgraduate Program of Salgado de Oliveira University (PPGCAF/UNIVERSO), Niterói, Brazil.,Laboratory of Physical Activity Neuroscience, Neurodiversity Institute, Queimados, Brazil
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23
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Rose GL, Skinner TL, Mielke GI, Schaumberg MA. The effect of exercise intensity on chronic inflammation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sci Med Sport 2020; 24:345-351. [PMID: 33153926 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chronic inflammation is independently associated with the incidence and progression of chronic disease. Exercise has been found to reduce chronic inflammation, however the role of exercise intensity (work rate) is unknown. This review aimed to determine the pooled effect of higher- compared to lower-intensity aerobic and resistance exercise on chronic inflammation in adults. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS Five electronic databases were searched. Intervention trials that assessed the effect of ≥2 different exercise intensities on peripheral markers of chronic inflammation [c-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-10] in adults were included. Random-effect meta-analyses were conducted to calculate the mean difference in change scores between groups [effect size (ES)]. Sub-group analyses were performed to explore the influence of age, chronic disease, body mass index and intervention duration on inflammation heterogeneity. RESULTS Of 3952 studies identified, 27 were included. There were no significant effects of exercise intensity on IL-6 (ES=-0.039, 95%CI=-0.353-0.275; p=0.806), TNF-α (ES=0.296, 95%CI=-0.184-0.777; p=0.227) and IL-10 (ES=0.007, 95%CI=-0.904-0.919; p=0.987). A significant pooled ES was observed for higher- versus lower-intensity exercise on CRP concentrations, in studies of middle-aged adults (ES=-0.412, 95%CI=-0.821- -0.004, p=0.048) or interventions >9 weeks in duration (ES=-0.520, 95%CI=-0.882--0.159, p=0.005). CONCLUSIONS Exercise intensity did not influence chronic inflammatory response. However, sub-analyses suggest that higher-intensity training may be more efficacious than lower-intensity for middle-aged adults, or when longer duration interventions are implemented (>9 weeks), in the most commonly-reported analyte (CRP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace L Rose
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Tina L Skinner
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Gregore I Mielke
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mia A Schaumberg
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Australia
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24
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Souza D, Coswig V, de Lira CAB, Gentil P. H″IT″ting the Barriers for Exercising during Social Isolation. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:E245. [PMID: 32847134 PMCID: PMC7565488 DOI: 10.3390/biology9090245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic exercise is traditionally recommended to improve general health and prevent many non-communicable diseases. However, the measures adopted to control the novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak culminated with closing of exercise facilities and fitness centers and, as a primary consequence, impaired aerobic exercise practice. This contributed to an increase in risk factors associated with physical inactivity such as insulin resistance, high blood pressure, low-grade inflammation, weight gain, and mental health problems. The scenario is worrisome, and it is important to propose alternatives for exercise practice during the COVID-19 pandemic. Interval training (IT) emerges as an exercise mode that might be feasible, low-cost, and potentially safe to be performed in many different places. IT consists of interspersing relative brief bouts of high-intensity exercise with recovery periods and promotes similar or greater health benefits when compared to moderate-intensity continuous exercise. Among the different types of IT, sprint interval training and "Tabata protocols" might be particularly useful during social isolation. These protocols can be controlled and performed without the need of complex equipment and can be adapted to different places, including domestic environments. In this article, we present variations of IT as possible alternatives to cope physical inactivity during COVID-19 pandemics with a focus on its practical applications. The protocols suggested can be performed without the need of specialized equipment or facilities, in a time-efficient manner, and aiming to prevent detraining or even improve physical fitness and general health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Souza
- College of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil; (D.S.); (C.A.B.d.L.)
| | - Victor Coswig
- College of Physical Education, Federal University of Pará, Castanhal 68746-360, Brazil;
| | - Claudio Andre Barbosa de Lira
- College of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil; (D.S.); (C.A.B.d.L.)
| | - Paulo Gentil
- College of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil; (D.S.); (C.A.B.d.L.)
- Hypertension League, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania 74605-020, Brazil
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25
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Schauer T, Hojman P, Gehl J, Christensen JF. Exercise training as prophylactic strategy in the management of neutropenia during chemotherapy. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 179:2925-2937. [DOI: 10.1111/bph.15141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Schauer
- Centre for Physical Activity Research, RigshospitaletUniversity of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Pernille Hojman
- Centre for Physical Activity Research, RigshospitaletUniversity of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Julie Gehl
- Center for Experimental Drug and Gene Electrotransfer (C*EDGE), Department of Clinical Oncology and Palliative CareZealand University Hospital Køge Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Jesper Frank Christensen
- Centre for Physical Activity Research, RigshospitaletUniversity of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
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26
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Gálvez I, Martín-Cordero L, Hinchado MD, Ortega E. β2 Adrenergic Regulation of the Phagocytic and Microbicide Capacity of Circulating Monocytes: Influence of Obesity and Exercise. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051438. [PMID: 32429330 PMCID: PMC7284544 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Obese individuals present anomalous immune/inflammatory responses with dysregulations in neuroendocrine responses and immune/stress feedback mechanisms. In this context, exercise and β2 adrenergic activation present monocyte-mediated anti-inflammatory effects that are modulated by obesity. However, these anti-inflammatory effects could immunocompromise the monocyte-mediated innate response against a pathogen challenge. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of obesity, and exercise in this condition, on the β2 adrenergic regulation of the phagocytic and microbicide capacity of circulating monocytes. C57BL/6J mice were allocated to different sedentary or exercised, lean or obese groups. Obese mice showed a lower monocyte-mediated innate response than that of lean mice. Globally, selective β2 adrenergic receptor agonist terbutaline decreased the innate response of monocytes from lean and obese sedentary animals, whereas exercise stimulated it. Exercise modulates β2 adrenergic regulation of the innate response in lean and obese animals, with a global stimulatory or neutral effect, thus abolishing the inhibitory effect of terbutaline occurring in sedentary animals. These effects cannot be explained only by changes in the surface expression of toll-like receptors. Therefore, in general, terbutaline does not hinder the effects of regular exercise, but regular exercise does abolish the effects of terbutaline in sedentary individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Gálvez
- Grupo de Investigación en Inmunofisiología, Departamento de Enfermería, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain;
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), 06071 Badajoz, Spain; (L.M.-C.); (M.D.H.)
| | - Leticia Martín-Cordero
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), 06071 Badajoz, Spain; (L.M.-C.); (M.D.H.)
- Grupo de Investigación en Inmunofisiología, Departamento de Enfermería, Centro Universitario de Plasencia, Universidad de Extremadura, 10600 Plasencia, Spain
| | - María Dolores Hinchado
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), 06071 Badajoz, Spain; (L.M.-C.); (M.D.H.)
- Grupo de Investigación en Inmunofisiología, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Eduardo Ortega
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), 06071 Badajoz, Spain; (L.M.-C.); (M.D.H.)
- Grupo de Investigación en Inmunofisiología, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-924-289-300
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27
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The Effect of Low-Volume High-Intensity Interval Training on Body Composition and Cardiorespiratory Fitness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med 2020; 49:1687-1721. [PMID: 31401727 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-019-01167-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence for the efficacy of low-volume high-intensity interval training (HIIT) for the modulation of body composition is unclear. OBJECTIVES We examined the effect of low-volume HIIT versus a non-exercising control and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness in normal weight, overweight and obese adults. We evaluated the impact of low-volume HIIT (HIIT interventions where the total amount of exercise performed during training was ≤ 500 metabolic equivalent minutes per week [MET-min/week]) compared to a non-exercising control and MICT. METHODS A database search was conducted in PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus and Scopus from the earliest record to June 2019 for studies (randomised controlled trials and non-randomised controlled trials) with exercise training interventions with a minimum 4-week duration. Meta-analyses were conducted for between-group (low-volume HIIT vs. non-exercising control and low-volume HIIT vs. MICT) comparisons for change in total body fat mass (kg), body fat percentage (%), lean body mass (kg) and cardiorespiratory fitness. RESULTS From 11,485 relevant records, 47 studies were included. No difference was found between low-volume HIIT and a non-exercising control on total body fat mass (kg) (effect size [ES]: - 0.129, 95% confidence interval [CI] - 0.468 to 0.210; p = 0.455), body fat (%) (ES: - 0.063, 95% CI - 0.383 to 0.257; p = 0.700) and lean body mass (kg) (ES: 0.050, 95% CI - 0.250 to 0.351; p = 0.744), or between low-volume HIIT and MICT on total body fat mass (kg) (ES: - 0.021, 95% CI - 0.272 to 0.231; p = 0.872), body fat (%) (ES: 0.005, 95% CI - 0.294 to 0.304; p = 0.974) and lean body mass (kg) (ES: 0.030, 95% CI - 0.167 to 0.266; p = 0.768). However, low-volume HIIT significantly improved cardiorespiratory fitness compared with a non-exercising control (p < 0.001) and MICT (p = 0.017). CONCLUSION These data suggest that low-volume HIIT is inefficient for the modulation of total body fat mass or total body fat percentage in comparison with a non-exercise control and MICT. A novel finding of our meta-analysis was that there appears to be no significant effect of low-volume HIIT on lean body mass when compared with a non-exercising control, and while most studies tended to favour improvement in lean body mass with low-volume HIIT versus MICT, this was not significant. However, despite its lower training volume, low-volume HIIT induces greater improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness than a non-exercising control and MICT in normal weight, overweight and obese adults. Low-volume HIIT, therefore, appears to be a time-efficient treatment for increasing fitness, but not for the improvement of body composition.
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28
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Bartlett DB, Slentz CA, Willis LH, Hoselton A, Huebner JL, Kraus VB, Moss J, Muehlbauer MJ, Spielmann G, Muoio DM, Koves TR, Wu H, Huffman KM, Lord JM, Kraus WE. Rejuvenation of Neutrophil Functions in Association With Reduced Diabetes Risk Following Ten Weeks of Low-Volume High Intensity Interval Walking in Older Adults With Prediabetes - A Pilot Study. Front Immunol 2020; 11:729. [PMID: 32431698 PMCID: PMC7214668 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil dysfunction is a common feature of aging, and is associated with the pathogenesis of many age-related diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Although exercise training improves metabolic health, decreases risk of T2DM, and is associated with improving neutrophil functions, involvement in regular physical activity declines with age. The aim of this study was to determine if neutrophil functions could be improved in association with changes in fitness and metabolic parameters in older adults at risk for T2DM using 10-weeks of low volume high-intensity interval exercise training (HIIT). Ten older (71 ± 5 years) sedentary adults with prediabetes (HbA1c: 6.1 ± 0.3%) completed 10 weeks of a supervised HIIT program. Three 30 min sessions/week consisted of ten 60 s intervals of low intensity [50-60% heart rate reserve (HRR)] separated with similar durations of high intensity intervals (80-90% HRR). Before and after training, glucose and insulin sensitivity, neutrophil chemotaxis, bacterial phagocytosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and mitochondrial functions were assessed. Exercise-mediated changes in cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2peak) and neutrophil functions were compared to six young (23 ± 1 years) healthy adults. Following training, significant reductions in fasting glucose and insulin were accompanied by improved glucose control and insulin sensitivity (all p < 0.05). Before exercise training, VO2peak in the old participants was significantly less than that of the young controls (p < 0.001), but increased by 16 ± 11% following training (p = 0.002) resulting in a 6% improvement of the deficit. Neutrophil chemotaxis, phagocytosis and stimulated ROS production were significantly less than that of the young controls, while basal ROS were higher before training (all p < 0.05). Following training, chemotaxis, phagocytosis and stimulated ROS increased while basal ROS decreased, similar to levels observed in the young controls (all p < 0.05) and reducing the deficit of the young controls between 2 and 154%. In five of the adults with prediabetes, neutrophil mitochondrial functions were significantly poorer than the six young controls before training. Following training, mitochondrial functions improved toward those observed in young controls (all p < 0.05), reducing the deficit of the young controls between 14.3 and 451%. Ten weeks of HIIT in older adults at risk for T2DM reduced disease risk accompanied by improved primary and bioenergetic neutrophil functions. Our results are consistent with a reduced risk of infections mediated by relationships in exercise induced systemic and cellular metabolic features. Clinical Trial Registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT02441205, registered on May 12th, 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B. Bartlett
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Division of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Cris A. Slentz
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Leslie H. Willis
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Andrew Hoselton
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Janet L. Huebner
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Virginia B. Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jennifer Moss
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Michael J. Muehlbauer
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Guillaume Spielmann
- Department of Kinesiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Deborah M. Muoio
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Timothy R. Koves
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Helena Wu
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Kim M. Huffman
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Janet M. Lord
- MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- NIHR Birmingham BRC in Inflammation, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - William E. Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
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29
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Le Cornet C, Schildknecht K, Rossello Chornet A, Fortner RT, González Maldonado S, Katzke VA, Kühn T, Johnson T, Olek S, Kaaks R. Circulating Immune Cell Composition and Cancer Risk: A Prospective Study Using Epigenetic Cell Count Measures. Cancer Res 2020; 80:1885-1892. [PMID: 32075798 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-3178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although ample evidence indicates that immune cell homeostasis is an important prognostic outcome determinant in patients with cancer, few studies have examined whether it also determines cancer risk among initially healthy individuals. We performed a case-cohort study including incident cases of breast (n = 207), colorectal (n = 111), lung (n = 70), and prostate (n = 201) cancer as well as a subcohort (n = 465) within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Heidelberg cohort. Relative counts of neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocyte sublineages were measured by qRT-PCR. HRs and 95% confidence intervals were used to measure the associations between relative counts of immune cell and cancer risks. When relative counts of immune cell types were taken individually, a significant positive association was observed between relative counts of FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) and lung cancer risk, and significant inverse associations were observed between relative CD8+ counts and risks of lung and breast cancer (overall and ER+ subtype). Multivariable models with mutual adjustments across immune markers showed further significant positive associations between higher relative FOXP3+ T-cell counts and increased risks of colorectal and breast cancer (overall and ER- subtype). No associations were found between immune cell composition and prostate cancer risk. These results affirm the relevance of elevated FOXP3+ Tregs and lower levels of cytotoxic (CD8+) T cells as risk factors for tumor development. SIGNIFICANCE: This epidemiologic study supports a role for both regulatory and cytotoxic T cells in determining cancer risk among healthy individuals.See related commentary by Song and Tworoger, p. 1801.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Le Cornet
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Konstantin Schildknecht
- Ivana Türbachova Laboratory for Epigenetics, Precision for Medicine Group, Epiontis GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Araceli Rossello Chornet
- Ivana Türbachova Laboratory for Epigenetics, Precision for Medicine Group, Epiontis GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Renée T Fortner
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Verena A Katzke
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tilman Kühn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Theron Johnson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sven Olek
- Ivana Türbachova Laboratory for Epigenetics, Precision for Medicine Group, Epiontis GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. .,Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC) Heidelberg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
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30
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Oxidative and inflammatory effects of pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with bronchiectasis. A prospective, randomized study. NUTR HOSP 2020; 37:6-13. [PMID: 31960695 DOI: 10.20960/nh.02763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Background: systemic inflammation and oxidative stress are important factors in the pathogenesis of bronchiectasis. Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is recommended for bronchiectasis, but there is no data about its effect on the inflammatory and REDOX status of these patients. Aims: to investigate the effect of PR in non-cystic-fibrosis bronchiectasis (NCFB) patients, and to compare it with the effect of PR plus a hyperproteic oral nutritional supplement (PRS) enriched with beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) on serum inflammatory and oxidative biomarkers. Materials and methods: this was an open randomized, controlled trial. Thirty individuals (65 years old or younger with a body mass index over 18.5, older than 65 years with a body mass index over 20) were recruited from September 2013 to September 2014, and randomly assigned to receive PR or PRS. Total neutrophils, and inflammatory and oxidative biomarker levels were measured at baseline, and then at 3 and 6 months. Results: in the PRS group neutrophil levels were decreased from baseline at 6 months. A significantly different fold change was found between the PR and PRS groups. In the PR group, IL-6 and adiponectin were increased by the end of the study while TNFα levels were decreased from baseline at 6 months. REDOX biomarkers remained stable throughout the study except for 8-isoprostane levels, which were increased from baseline at 6 months in both groups of patients. Conclusions: a PR program induced a pro-oxidative effect accompanied by changes in circulating inflammatory cytokine levels in NCFB patients. Our results would also suggest a possible beneficial effect of the HMB enriched supplement on neutrophil level regulation in these patients. The information provided in this study could be useful for choosing the right therapeutic approach in the management of bronchiectasis.
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31
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Mijwel S, Bolam KA, Gerrevall J, Foukakis T, Wengström Y, Rundqvist H. Effects of Exercise on Chemotherapy Completion and Hospitalization Rates: The OptiTrain Breast Cancer Trial. Oncologist 2020; 25:23-32. [PMID: 31391297 PMCID: PMC6964125 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2019-0262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise during chemotherapy is suggested to provide clinical benefits, including improved chemotherapy completion. Despite this, few randomized controlled exercise trials have reported on such clinical endpoints. From the OptiTrain trial we previously showed positive effects on physiological and health-related outcomes after 16 weeks of supervised exercise in patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy. Here, we examined the effects of exercise on rates of chemotherapy completion and hospitalization, as well as on blood cell concentrations during chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Two hundred forty women scheduled for chemotherapy were randomized to 16 weeks of resistance and high-intensity interval training (RT-HIIT), moderate-intensity aerobic and high-intensity interval training (AT-HIIT), or usual care (UC). Outcomes included chemotherapy completion, hospitalization, hemoglobin, lymphocyte, thrombocyte, and neutrophil concentrations during chemotherapy. RESULTS No significant between-groups differences were found in the proportion of participants who required dose reductions (RT-HIIT vs. UC: odds ratio [OR], 1.08; AT-HIIT vs. UC: OR, 1.39), or average relative dose intensity of chemotherapy between groups (RT-HIIT vs. UC: effect size [ES], 0.08; AT-HIIT vs. UC: ES, -0.07). A significantly lower proportion of participants in the RT-HIIT group (3%) were hospitalized during chemotherapy compared with UC (15%; OR, 0.20). A significantly lower incidence of thrombocytopenia was found for both RT-HIIT (11%) and AT-HIIT (10%) versus UC (30%; OR, 0.27; OR, 0.27). CONCLUSION No beneficial effects of either RT-HIIT or AT-HIIT on chemotherapy completion rates were found. However, combined resistance training and high-intensity interval training were effective to reduce hospitalization rates, and both exercise groups had a positive effect on thrombocytopenia. These are important findings with potential positive implications for the health of women with breast cancer and costs associated with treatment-related complications. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Completing the prescribed chemotherapy regimen is strongly associated with a good prognosis for patients with primary breast cancer. Despite this, treatment-induced side effects make it necessary to reduce or alter the treatment regimen and can also lead to hospitalization. Exercise during chemotherapy is suggested to provide clinical benefits, including improved chemotherapy completion. This study showed that combined resistance and high-intensity interval training during chemotherapy resulted in lower hospitalization rates and a lower incidence of thrombocytopenia in women with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy. However, no beneficial effects of either exercise program on chemotherapy completion rates were found, which is in contrast to previous findings in this population. The findings reported in the current article have positive implications for the health of women with breast cancer and costs associated with treatment-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Mijwel
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Kate A. Bolam
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Jacob Gerrevall
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Theodoros Foukakis
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Cancer Theme, Karolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Yvonne Wengström
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Cancer Theme, Karolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Helene Rundqvist
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
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Soltani N, Marandi SM, Kazemi M, Esmaeil N. The Exercise Training Modulatory Effects on the Obesity-Induced Immunometabolic Dysfunctions. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:785-810. [PMID: 32256095 PMCID: PMC7090203 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s234992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced physical activity rate in people's lifestyle is a global concern associated with the prevalence of health disorders such as obesity and metabolic disturbance. Ample evidence has indicated a critical role of the immune system in the aggravation of obesity. The type, duration, and production of adipose tissue-released mediators may change subsequent inactive lifestyle-induced obesity, leading to the chronic systematic inflammation and monocyte/macrophage (MON/MФ) phenotype polarization. Preliminary adipose tissue expansion can be inhibited by changing the lifestyle. In this context, exercise training is widely recommended due to a definite improvement of energy balance and the potential impacts on the inflammatory signaling cascades. How exercise training affects the immune system has not yet been fully elucidated, because its anti-inflammatory, pro-inflammatory, or even immunosuppressive impacts have been indicated in the literature. A thorough understanding of the mechanisms triggered by exercise can suggest a new approach to combat meta-inflammation-induced metabolic diseases. In this review, we summarized the obesity-induced inflammatory pathways, the roles of MON/MФ polarization in adipose tissue and systemic inflammation, and the underlying inflammatory mechanisms triggered by exercise during obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nakisa Soltani
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sayed Mohammad Marandi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
- Sayed Mohammad Marandi Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, IranTel +983137932358Fax +983136687572 Email
| | - Mohammad Kazemi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Esmaeil
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Correspondence: Nafiseh Esmaeil Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan81744-176, IranTel +98 31 37929097Fax +98 3113 7929031 Email
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Dorneles GP, Silva I, Boeira MC, Valentini D, Fonseca SG, Dal Lago P, Peres A, Romão PRT. Cardiorespiratory fitness modulates the proportions of monocytes and T helper subsets in lean and obese men. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2019; 29:1755-1765. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.13506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gilson P. Dorneles
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre Brazil
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Igor Silva
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Maria Carolina Boeira
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre Brazil
- Research Center Methodist University Center IPA Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Diandra Valentini
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre Brazil
| | | | - Pedro Dal Lago
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Alessandra Peres
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre Brazil
- Research Center Methodist University Center IPA Porto Alegre Brazil
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Pedro R. T. Romão
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre Brazil
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biosciences Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre Brazil
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Lee DE, Bareja A, Bartlett DB, White JP. Autophagy as a Therapeutic Target to Enhance Aged Muscle Regeneration. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020183. [PMID: 30791569 PMCID: PMC6406986 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle has remarkable regenerative capacity, relying on precise coordination between resident muscle stem cells (satellite cells) and the immune system. The age-related decline in skeletal muscle regenerative capacity contributes to the onset of sarcopenia, prolonged hospitalization, and loss of autonomy. Although several age-sensitive pathways have been identified, further investigation is needed to define targets of cellular dysfunction. Autophagy, a process of cellular catabolism, is emerging as a key regulator of muscle regeneration affecting stem cell, immune cell, and myofiber function. Muscle stem cell senescence is associated with a suppression of autophagy during key phases of the regenerative program. Macrophages, a key immune cell involved in muscle repair, also rely on autophagy to aid in tissue repair. This review will focus on the role of autophagy in various aspects of the regenerative program, including adult skeletal muscle stem cells, monocytes/macrophages, and corresponding age-associated dysfunction. Furthermore, we will highlight rejuvenation strategies that alter autophagy to improve muscle regenerative function.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Lee
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27701, USA.
| | - Akshay Bareja
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27701, USA.
| | - David B Bartlett
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27701, USA.
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27701, USA.
- Duke Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27701, USA.
| | - James P White
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27701, USA.
- Duke Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27701, USA.
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27701, USA.
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Tew GA, Leighton D, Carpenter R, Anderson S, Langmead L, Ramage J, Faulkner J, Coleman E, Fairhurst C, Seed M, Bottoms L. High-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training in adults with Crohn's disease: a pilot randomised controlled trial. BMC Gastroenterol 2019; 19:19. [PMID: 30696423 PMCID: PMC6352351 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-019-0936-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study assessed the feasibility and acceptability of two common types of exercise training-high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT)-in adults with Crohn's disease (CD). METHODS In this mixed-methods pilot trial, participants with quiescent or mildly-active CD were randomly assigned 1:1:1 to HIIT, MICT or usual care control, and followed up for 6 months. The HIIT and MICT groups were offered three exercise sessions per week for the first 12 weeks. Feasibility outcomes included rates of recruitment, retention, outcome completion, and exercise attendance. Data were collected on cardiorespiratory fitness (e.g., peak oxygen uptake), disease activity, fatigue, quality of life, adverse events, and intervention acceptability (via interviews). RESULTS Over 17 months, 53 patients were assessed for eligibility and 36 (68%) were randomised (47% male; mean age 36.9 [SD 11.2] years); 13 to HIIT, 12 to MICT, and 11 to control. The exercise session attendance rate was 62% for HIIT (288/465) and 75% for MICT (320/429), with 62% of HIIT participants (8/13) and 67% of MICT participants (8/12) completing at least 24 of 36 sessions. One participant was lost to follow-up. Outcome completion rates ranged from 89 to 97%. The mean increase in peak oxygen uptake, relative to control, was greater following HIIT than MICT (2.4 vs. 0.7 mL/kg/min). There were three non-serious exercise-related adverse events, and two exercise participants experienced disease relapse during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS The findings support the feasibility and acceptability of the exercise programmes and trial procedures. A definitive trial is warranted. Physical exercise remains a potentially useful adjunct therapy in CD. [ID: ISRCTN13021107].
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Affiliation(s)
- Garry A. Tew
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 8ST UK
| | - Dean Leighton
- Centre for Immunobiology, Queen Mary University of London, Blizard Building, Newark Street, Whitechapel, London, E1 2AT UK
| | - Roger Carpenter
- School of Health, Sport and Bioscience, University of East London, Stratford Campus, London, E15 4LZ UK
| | | | - Louise Langmead
- Digestive Diseases Clinical Academic Unit, Barts and the London NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - John Ramage
- Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hampshire, UK
| | - James Faulkner
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Winchester, Winchester, SO22 4NR UK
| | | | | | - Michael Seed
- School of Health, Sport and Bioscience, University of East London, Stratford Campus, London, E15 4LZ UK
| | - Lindsay Bottoms
- Centre for Psychology and Sports Science, University of Hertfordshire, Life and Medical Sciences, CP Snow Building, College Lane, Hatfield, AL10 9AB UK
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Henke E, Oliveira VS, Silva IMD, Schipper L, Dorneles G, Elsner VR, de Oliveira MR, Romão PRT, Peres A. Acute and chronic effects of High Intensity Interval Training on inflammatory and oxidative stress markers of postmenopausal obese women. TRANSLATIONAL SPORTS MEDICINE 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/tsm2.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eugênia Henke
- Research Center; Methodist University Center IPA; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | | | - Igor Martins da Silva
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology; Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Lucas Schipper
- Research Center; Methodist University Center IPA; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Gilson Dorneles
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology; Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Viviane R. Elsner
- Research Center; Methodist University Center IPA; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | | | - Pedro R. T. Romão
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology; Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Alessandra Peres
- Research Center; Methodist University Center IPA; Porto Alegre Brazil
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology; Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre; Porto Alegre Brazil
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Bartlett DB, Willis LH, Slentz CA, Hoselton A, Kelly L, Huebner JL, Kraus VB, Moss J, Muehlbauer MJ, Spielmann G, Kraus WE, Lord JM, Huffman KM. Ten weeks of high-intensity interval walk training is associated with reduced disease activity and improved innate immune function in older adults with rheumatoid arthritis: a pilot study. Arthritis Res Ther 2018; 20:127. [PMID: 29898765 PMCID: PMC6001166 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-018-1624-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease in which adults have significant joint issues leading to poor health. Poor health is compounded by many factors, including exercise avoidance and increased risk of opportunistic infection. Exercise training can improve the health of patients with RA and potentially improve immune function; however, information on the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in RA is limited. We sought to determine whether 10 weeks of a walking-based HIIT program would be associated with health improvements as measured by disease activity and aerobic fitness. Further, we assessed whether HIIT was associated with improved immune function, specifically antimicrobial/bacterial functions of neutrophils and monocytes. Methods Twelve physically inactive adults aged 64 ± 7 years with either seropositive or radiographically proven (bone erosions) RA completed 10 weeks of high-intensity interval walking. Training consisted of 3 × 30-minute sessions/week of ten ≥ 60-second intervals of high intensity (80–90% VO2reserve) separated by similar bouts of lower-intensity intervals (50–60% VO2reserve). Pre- and postintervention assessments included aerobic and physical function; disease activity as measured by Disease Activity score in 28 joints (DAS28), self-perceived health, C-reactive protein (CRP), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR); plasma interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL)-8, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α concentrations; and neutrophil and monocyte phenotypes and functions. Results Despite minimal body composition change, cardiorespiratory fitness increased by 9% (change in both relative and absolute aerobic capacity; p < 0.001), and resting blood pressure and heart rate were both reduced (both p < 0.05). Postintervention disease activity was reduced by 38% (DAS28; p = 0.001) with significant reductions in ESR and swollen joints as well as improved self-perceived health. Neutrophil migration toward CXCL-8 (p = 0.003), phagocytosis of Escherichia coli (p = 0.03), and ROS production (p < 0.001) all increased following training. The frequency of cluster of differentiation 14-positive (CD14+)/CD16+ monocytes was reduced (p = 0.002), with both nonclassical (CD14dim/CD16bright) and intermediate (CD14bright/CD16positive) monocytes being reduced (both p < 0.05). Following training, the cell surface expression of intermediate monocyte Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), TLR4, and HLA-DR was reduced (all p < 0.05), and monocyte phagocytosis of E. coli increased (p = 0.02). No changes were observed for inflammatory markers IL-1β, IL-6, CXCL-8, IL-10, CRP, or TNF-α. Conclusions We report for the first time, to our knowledge, that a high-intensity interval walking protocol in older adults with stable RA is associated with reduced disease activity, improved cardiovascular fitness, and improved innate immune functions, indicative of reduced infection risk and inflammatory potential. Importantly, the exercise program was well tolerated by these patients. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02528344. Registered on 19 August 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Bartlett
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA. .,Division of Medical Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27701, USA. .,MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Leslie H Willis
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Cris A Slentz
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Andrew Hoselton
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Leslie Kelly
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Janet L Huebner
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Virginia B Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer Moss
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael J Muehlbauer
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - William E Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Janet M Lord
- MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre in Inflammation, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Kim M Huffman
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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Campbell JP, Turner JE. Debunking the Myth of Exercise-Induced Immune Suppression: Redefining the Impact of Exercise on Immunological Health Across the Lifespan. Front Immunol 2018; 9:648. [PMID: 29713319 PMCID: PMC5911985 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 346] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence indicates that regular physical activity and/or frequent structured exercise reduces the incidence of many chronic diseases in older age, including communicable diseases such as viral and bacterial infections, as well as non-communicable diseases such as cancer and chronic inflammatory disorders. Despite the apparent health benefits achieved by leading an active lifestyle, which imply that regular physical activity and frequent exercise enhance immune competency and regulation, the effect of a single bout of exercise on immune function remains a controversial topic. Indeed, to this day, it is perceived by many that a vigorous bout of exercise can temporarily suppress immune function. In the first part of this review, we deconstruct the key pillars which lay the foundation to this theory-referred to as the "open window" hypothesis-and highlight that: (i) limited reliable evidence exists to support the claim that vigorous exercise heightens risk of opportunistic infections; (ii) purported changes to mucosal immunity, namely salivary IgA levels, after exercise do not signpost a period of immune suppression; and (iii) the dramatic reductions to lymphocyte numbers and function 1-2 h after exercise reflects a transient and time-dependent redistribution of immune cells to peripheral tissues, resulting in a heightened state of immune surveillance and immune regulation, as opposed to immune suppression. In the second part of this review, we provide evidence that frequent exercise enhances-rather than suppresses-immune competency, and highlight key findings from human vaccination studies which show heightened responses to bacterial and viral antigens following bouts of exercise. Finally, in the third part of this review, we highlight that regular physical activity and frequent exercise might limit or delay aging of the immune system, providing further evidence that exercise is beneficial for immunological health. In summary, the over-arching aim of this review is to rebalance opinion over the perceived relationships between exercise and immune function. We emphasize that it is a misconception to label any form of acute exercise as immunosuppressive, and, instead, exercise most likely improves immune competency across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Campbell
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - James E Turner
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
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The Role of Immunosenescence in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:6039171. [PMID: 29706800 PMCID: PMC5863336 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6039171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is characterized by the progressive decline of physiological function and tissue homeostasis leading to increased vulnerability, degeneration, and death. Aging-related changes of the innate and adaptive immune system include decline in the preservation and enhancement of many immune functions, such as changes in the number of circulating monocytic and dendritic cells, thymic involution, T cell polyfunctionality, or production of proinflammatory cytokines, and are defined as immunosenescence. Inflammatory functions are increased with age, causing the chronic low-grade inflammation, referred to as inflamm-aging, that contribute, together with immunosenescence, to neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss the link between the immune and nervous systems and how the immunosenescence and inflamm-aging can contribute to neurodegenerative diseases.
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The comparison of acute high-intensity interval exercise vs. continuous moderate-intensity exercise on plasma calprotectin and associated inflammatory mediators. Physiol Behav 2017; 183:27-32. [PMID: 29042269 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Calprotectin promotes the release of inflammatory mediators (e.g., monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 [MCP-1] and myeloperoxidase [MPO]) during the innate immune response as a mechanism to augment leukocyte chemotaxis and phagocytosis. Although plasma calprotectin is elevated with traditional continuous moderate-intensity exercise (CME) as an indicator of the inflammatory response, high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) has been shown to attenuate systemic inflammation while providing similar improvements in cardiovascular health. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare plasma levels of calprotectin, MCP-1, and MPO between acute HIIE vs. CME. METHODS Nine healthy males (24.67±3.27yrs) were recruited to participate in HIIE and CME on a cycle ergometer. HIIE consisted of 10 repeated 60s of cycling at 90% max watts (Wmax) separated by 2min of active recovery intensity of interval exercise, whereas CME consisted of 28min of cycling at 60% Wmax. Blood samples were collected prior to, immediately post, and 30 and 60min into recovery following exercise. RESULTS Acute HIIE elicited a lower elevation in calprotectin and MPO compared to CME. An increase in MCP-1 was observed across time in both exercise protocols. Furthermore, our analyses did not reveal any significant correlation in percent change (baseline to immediately following exercise) among calprotectin, MCP1, and MPO in neither HIIE nor CME. However, a significant positive correlation was observed in the overall release of calprotectin and MPO across all four time points in both HIIE and CME. Conclusions Our findings indicate that acute HIIE may potentially diminish the systemic release of inflammatory mediators (calprotectin and MPO) compared to CME.
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