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Yang J, Wang T, Li K, Wāng Y. Associations between per- and polyfluoroalkyl chemicals and abdominal aortic calcification in middle-aged and older adults. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00165-6. [PMID: 38705256 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have infiltrated countless everyday products, raising concerns about potential effects on human health, specifically on the cardiovascular system and the development of abdominal aortic calcification (AAC). However, our understanding of this relationship is still limited. OBJECTIVES This study aims to investigate the effects of PFAS on AAC using machine learning algorithms. METHODS Leveraging the power of machine learning technique, extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), we assessed the relationship between PFAS exposure and AAC risk. We focused on three PFAS compounds, perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDeA), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) through multiple logistic regression, restricted cubic spline (RCS), and quantile g-computation (QGC) models. To get more insight into the underlying mechanisms, mediation analyses are used to investigate the potential mediating role of fatty acids and blood cell fractions in AAC. RESULTS Our findings indicate that elevated serum levels of PFHxS and PFDeA are associated with the increased risk of AAC. The QGC analyses underscore the overall positive association between the PFAS mixture and AAC risk, with PFHxS carrying the greatest weight, followed by PFDeA. The RCS analyses reveal a dose-dependent increase between serum PFHxS concentration and AAC risk in an inverted V-shape way. Moreover, age and PFHxS exposure are identified as the primary factors contributing to abdominal aortic calcification risk in SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP) summary plot combined with XGBoost technique. Although PFAS significantly change the profile of fatty acids, we do not find any mediating roles of them in AAC. Despite strong associations between PFAS exposure and hematological indicators, our analysis does not find evidence that these indicators mediate the development of AAC. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our study highlights the detrimental impact of PFAS on abdominal aortic health and emphasizes the need for further research to understand the underlying mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jijingru Yang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China; The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Tian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Kai Li
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Yán Wāng
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
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Faria ACC, Moreira CL, da Cunha MR, Mattos S, Oigman W, Neves MF. Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Central Hemodynamic Parameters and Autonomic Nervous System in Obese or Overweight Individuals. Arq Bras Cardiol 2024; 121:e20230678. [PMID: 38747749 PMCID: PMC11098585 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20230678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have been inconsistent in demonstrating beneficial cardiovascular effects of vitamin D supplementation. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of vitamin D3 supplementation on central hemodynamic parameters and autonomic activity in obese/overweight individuals with low vitamin D levels (<30ng/dl). METHODS Adults 40-65 years old with body mass index ≥25<40 kg/m2 were enrolled in this prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical trial (NCT05689632). Central hemodynamics was assessed using the oscillometric method (Mobil-O-Graph®), and heart rate variability using a Polar heart rate monitor (Kubios® software). Patients (n=53) received a placebo in the control group (CO, n=25) or vitamin D3 (VD, n=28) 7000 IU/day, and were evaluated before (W0) and after 8 weeks (W8) with a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS The groups were homogeneous regarding age (51±6 vs 52±6 years, p=0.509) and vitamin D levels (22.8±4.9 vs 21.7±4.5ng/ml, p=0.590). At W8, the VD group had significantly higher levels of vitamin D (22.5 vs 35.6ng/ml, p<0.001). Only the VD group showed a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure (SBP; 123±15 vs 119±14mmHg, p=0.019) and alkaline phosphatase (213±55 vs 202±55mg/dl, p=0.012). The CO group showed an increase in augmentation pressure (AP: 9 vs 12 mmHg, p=0.028) and augmentation index (AIx: 26 vs 35%, p=0.020), which was not observed in the VD group (AP: 8 vs 8 mmHg, AIx: 26 vs 25%, p>0.05). VD group showed an increase in the parasympathetic nervous system index (PNSi) (-0.64±0.94 vs -0.16±1.10, p=0.028) and the R-R interval (866±138 vs 924±161 ms, p= 0.026). CONCLUSION In this sample, eight weeks of daily vitamin D supplementation resulted in an improvement in blood pressure levels and autonomic balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana C. C. Faria
- Departamento de Clínica MédicaUniversidade do Estado do Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroRJBrasilDepartamento de Clínica Médica, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ – Brasil
| | - Caroline Lyra Moreira
- Departamento de Clínica MédicaUniversidade do Estado do Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroRJBrasilDepartamento de Clínica Médica, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ – Brasil
| | - Michelle Rabello da Cunha
- Departamento de Clínica MédicaUniversidade do Estado do Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroRJBrasilDepartamento de Clínica Médica, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ – Brasil
- Departamento de Nutrição AplicadaInstituto de NutriçãoUniversidade do Estado do Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroRJBrasilDepartamento de Nutrição Aplicada, Instituto de Nutrição, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ – Brasil
| | - Samanta Mattos
- Departamento de Clínica MédicaUniversidade do Estado do Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroRJBrasilDepartamento de Clínica Médica, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ – Brasil
| | - Wille Oigman
- Departamento de Clínica MédicaUniversidade do Estado do Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroRJBrasilDepartamento de Clínica Médica, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ – Brasil
| | - Mario Fritsch Neves
- Departamento de Clínica MédicaUniversidade do Estado do Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroRJBrasilDepartamento de Clínica Médica, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ – Brasil
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Xie Y, Li S, Wu D, Wang Y, Chen J, Duan L, Li S, Li Y. Vitamin K: Infection, Inflammation, and Auto-Immunity. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:1147-1160. [PMID: 38406326 PMCID: PMC10893789 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s445806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin K (VK) comprises a group of substances with chlorophyll quinone bioactivity and exists in nature in the form of VK1 and VK2. As its initial recognition originated from the ability to promote blood coagulation, it is known as the coagulation vitamin. However, based on extensive research, VK has shown potential for the prevention and treatment of various diseases. Studies demonstrating the beneficial effects of VK on immunity, antioxidant capacity, intestinal microbiota regulation, epithelial development, and bone protection have drawn growing interest in recent years. This review article focuses on the mechanism of action of VK and its potential preventive and therapeutic effects on infections (eg, asthma, COVID-19), inflammation (eg, in type 2 diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cancer, aging, atherosclerosis) and autoimmune disorders (eg, inflammatory bowel disease, type 1 diabetes mellitus, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis). In addition, VK-dependent proteins (VKDPs) are another crucial mechanism by which VK exerts anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. This review explores the potential role of VK in preventing aging, combating neurological abnormalities, and treating diseases such as cancer and diabetes. Although current research appoints VK as a therapeutic tool for practical clinical applications in infections, inflammation, and autoimmune diseases, future research is necessary to elucidate the mechanism of action in more detail and overcome current limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Xie
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shifang Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dinan Wu
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yining Wang
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiepeng Chen
- Sungen Bioscience Co., Ltd, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lili Duan
- Sungen Bioscience Co., Ltd, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuzhuang Li
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuyuan Li
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People’s Republic of China
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Jiang QL, Li T, Xu Q, Zeng Y, Wang W, Zhang BT, Yao QP, Jiang R, Jiang J. Methyl donor diet attenuates intimal hyperplasia after vascular injury in rats. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 123:109486. [PMID: 37844765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Environmental factors, particularly dietary habits, play an important role in cardiovascular disease susceptibility and progression through epigenetic modification. Previous studies have shown that hyperplastic vascular intima after endarterectomy is characterized by genome-wide hypomethylation. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether methyl donor diet affects intimal hyperplasia and the possible mechanisms involved. Intimal hyperplasia was induced in SD rats by carotid artery balloon injury. From 8 d before surgery to 28 d after surgery, the animals were fed a normal diet (ND) or a methyl donor diet (MD) supplemented with folic acid, vitamin B12, choline, betaine, and zinc. Carotid artery intimal hyperplasia was observed by histology, the effect of MD on carotid protein expression was analyzed by proteomics, functional clustering, signaling pathway, and upstream-downstream relationship of differentially expressed proteins were analyzed by bioinformatics. Results showed that MD attenuated balloon injury-induced intimal hyperplasia in rat carotid arteries. Proteomic analysis showed that there were many differentially expressed proteins in the common carotid arteries of rats fed with two different diets. The differentially expressed proteins are mainly related to the composition and function of the extracellular matrix (EMC), and changes in the EMC can lead to vascular remodeling by affecting fibrosis and stiffness of the blood vessel wall. Changes in the levels of vasculotropic proteins such as S100A9, ILF3, Serpinh1, Fbln5, LOX, HSPG2, and Fmod may be the reason why MD attenuates intimal hyperplasia. Supplementation with methyl donor nutrients may be a beneficial measure to prevent pathological vascular remodeling after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Lan Jiang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease/Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Qin Xu
- Department of General Surgery (Thyroid Surgery), the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Zeng
- Department of Orthodontics, the Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of General Surgery (Thyroid Surgery), the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo-Tao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery (Thyroid Surgery), the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Qing-Ping Yao
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Science & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Rui Jiang
- Department of Urology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of General Surgery (Thyroid Surgery), the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
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Yang N, Yang K, Pan S, He Q, Jin J. Progress in the application of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in dialysis-related complications. Ren Fail 2023; 45:2259996. [PMID: 37791567 PMCID: PMC10552595 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2023.2259996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a novel predictive biomarker that reflects systemic inflammatory status and is routinely measured in blood tests. Owing to its ease of use and affordability, it is being increasing used as a prognostic indicator of cardiovascular disease, tumors, autoimmune disorders, and kidney disease. In recent years, a number of studies have demonstrated the clinical utility of the NLR in identifying and predicting complications associated with hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis, including cardiovascular disease and infection. This review aimed to provide a new perspective on the application of the NLR as a valuable tool enabling clinicians to better assess the occurrence and prognosis of complications in patients undergoing dialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kaibi Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shujun Pan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiang He
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Juan Jin
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Climie RE, Alastruey J, Mayer CC, Schwarz A, Laucyte-Cibulskiene A, Voicehovska J, Bianchini E, Bruno RM, Charlton PH, Grillo A, Guala A, Hallab M, Hametner B, Jankowski P, Königstein K, Lebedeva A, Mozos I, Pucci G, Puzantian H, Terentes-Printzios D, Yetik-Anacak G, Park C, Nilsson PM, Weber T. Vascular ageing: moving from bench towards bedside. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2023; 30:1101-1117. [PMID: 36738307 PMCID: PMC7614971 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwad028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains one of the largest public health challenges of our time. Identifying individuals at increased cardiovascular risk at an asymptomatic, sub-clinical stage is of paramount importance for minimizing disease progression as well as the substantial health and economic burden associated with overt CVD. Vascular ageing (VA) involves the deterioration in vascular structure and function over time and ultimately leads to damage in the heart, brain, kidney, and other organs. Vascular ageing encompasses the cumulative effect of all cardiovascular risk factors on the arterial wall over the life course and thus may help identify those at elevated cardiovascular risk, early in disease development. Although the concept of VA is gaining interest clinically, it is seldom measured in routine clinical practice due to lack of consensus on how to characterize VA as physiological vs. pathological and various practical issues. In this state-of-the-art review and as a network of scientists, clinicians, engineers, and industry partners with expertise in VA, we address six questions related to VA in an attempt to increase knowledge among the broader medical community and move the routine measurement of VA a little closer from bench towards bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E. Climie
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool St, 7000 Hobart, Australia
- Sports Cardiology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 99 Commercial Rd, Melbourne 3000, Australia
- Integrative Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease, Université de Paris, INSERM, U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), 56 rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Jordi Alastruey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, 249 Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Christopher C. Mayer
- Medical Signal Analysis, Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Giefinggasse 4, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Achim Schwarz
- ALF Distribution GmbH, Stephanstrasse 19, 52064 Aachen, Germany
| | - Agne Laucyte-Cibulskiene
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Sölvegatan 19 - BMC F12, 221 84 Lund, Malmö, Sweden
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. C iurlionio g. 21, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Julija Voicehovska
- Department of Internal Diseases, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema str. 16, Riga, L-1007, Latvia
- Nephrology and Renal Replacement Therapy Clinics, Riga East University Hospital, Hipokrata str. 2, Riga, LV-1079, Latvia
| | - Elisabetta Bianchini
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via Moruzzi, 1, 56124 Pisa (PI), Italy
| | - Rosa-Maria Bruno
- Integrative Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease, Université de Paris, INSERM, U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), 56 rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Peter H. Charlton
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, 2 Worts Causeway, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Andrea Grillo
- Medicina Clinica, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Andrea Guala
- Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Paseo de la Vall d’Hebron, 129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Magid Hallab
- Clinique Bizet, 23 Georges Bizet, 75116 Paris, France
| | - Bernhard Hametner
- Medical Signal Analysis, Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Giefinggasse 4, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Piotr Jankowski
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatric Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 231 Czerniakowska St., 00-416 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karsten Königstein
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health (DSBG) University of Basel, Grosse Allee 6, 4052 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anna Lebedeva
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Dresden Heart Centre, Dresden University of Technology, Fetscher str. 76, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ioana Mozos
- Department of Functional Sciences-Pathophysiology, Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, ‘Victor Babes’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, T. Vladimirescu Street 14, 300173 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Giacomo Pucci
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Terni University Hospital - Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Terni, Italy
| | - Houry Puzantian
- Hariri School of Nursing, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Riad El Solh 1107 2020, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Dimitrios Terentes-Printzios
- First Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 114 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Gunay Yetik-Anacak
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Kayisdagi Cad. No:32 Atasehir, 34752 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Chloe Park
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 7HB, UK; and
| | - Peter M. Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Sölvegatan 19 - BMC F12, 221 84 Lund, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Thomas Weber
- Cardiology Department, Klinikum Wels-Grieskirchen, Grieskirchnerstrasse 42, 4600 Wels, Austria
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The Impact of Nutrient Intake and Metabolic Wastes during Pregnancy on Offspring Hypertension: Challenges and Future Opportunities. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030418. [PMID: 36984857 PMCID: PMC10052993 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension can have its origin in early life. During pregnancy, many metabolic alterations occur in the mother that have a crucial role in fetal development. In response to maternal insults, fetal programming may occur after metabolic disturbance, resulting in programmed hypertension later in life. Maternal dietary nutrients act as metabolic substrates for various metabolic processes via nutrient-sensing signals. Different nutrient-sensing pathways that detect levels of sugars, amino acids, lipids and energy are integrated during pregnancy, while disturbed nutrient-sensing signals have a role in the developmental programming of hypertension. Metabolism-modulated metabolites and nutrient-sensing signals are promising targets for new drug discovery due to their pathogenic link to hypertension programming. Hence, in this review, we pay particular attention to the maternal nutritional insults and metabolic wastes affecting fetal programming. We then discuss the role of nutrient-sensing signals linking the disturbed metabolism to hypertension programming. This review also summarizes current evidence to give directions for future studies regarding how to prevent hypertension via reprogramming strategies, such as nutritional intervention, targeting nutrient-sensing signals, and reduction of metabolic wastes. Better prevention for hypertension may be possible with the help of novel early-life interventions that target altered metabolism.
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Luo X, Wu F, Wang C, Wen C. Analysis of hot trends in research on the association between vitamin D and cardiovascular disease. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1073698. [PMID: 36712532 PMCID: PMC9881723 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1073698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Vitamin D deficiency is the most common nutrient deficiency. Numerous studies suggest that vitamin D is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The objective is to visualize the research hotspots and evolution trends of the correlation between vitamin D and cardiovascular disease by using multivariate statistics and social network analysis techniques and to compare adult research with that of children in this field. Methods (Vitamin D [MeSH Major Topic]) AND (cardiovascular disease [MeSH Major Topic]) were retrieved from the PubMed database by time period. The bibliographic items co-occurrence matrix builder (BICOMB) was adopted to extract high-frequency subject terms and establish the core subject term co-occurrence matrix. With the Netdraw function of Ucinet 6.0 software, the social network of core subject terms was completed. Results Before 2010, there was a slow increase in the number of research papers covering all age groups in this field (157, 54, 84, and 211 papers were published in stages 1-4, respectively). From 2010 to 2020, there were 1,423 papers retrieved, showing a significantly increased research heat. The overall development trend of the research on the association between vitamin D and cardiovascular disease in children is similar to that in all age groups. From 2010 to 2020, 122 related papers were published (while before 2009, there were only 43 papers in all), presenting a good overall development trend. The social network analysis of core subject terms showed gradually increased correlations between research hotspots, from the early studies limited on the physiological function of vitamin D in cardiovascular diseases, to the role of vitamin D in the comorbidities of various cardiovascular diseases and its value as an intervention measure. Researches on the association between vitamin D and cardiovascular disease has a good overall development trend. Study of the mechanisms and the role of vitamin D in the common co-morbidities of cardiovascular disease and its therapeutic value will be the focus of future research.
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Kerch G. Severe COVID-19-A Review of Suggested Mechanisms Based on the Role of Extracellular Matrix Stiffness. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:1187. [PMID: 36674700 PMCID: PMC9861790 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The severity of COVID-19 commonly depends on age-related tissue stiffness. The aim was to review publications that explain the effect of microenvironmental extracellular matrix stiffness on cellular processes. Platelets and endothelial cells are mechanosensitive. Increased tissue stiffness can trigger cytokine storm with the upregulated expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin IL-6, and tissue integrity disruption, leading to enhanced virus entry and disease severity. Increased tissue stiffness in critically ill COVID-19 patients triggers platelet activation and initiates plague formation and thrombosis development. Cholesterol content in cell membrane increases with aging and further enhances tissue stiffness. Membrane cholesterol depletion decreases virus entry to host cells. Membrane cholesterol lowering drugs, such as statins or novel chitosan derivatives, have to be further developed for application in COVID-19 treatment. Statins are also known to decrease arterial stiffness mitigating cardiovascular diseases. Sulfated chitosan derivatives can be further developed for potential use in future as anticoagulants in prevention of severe COVID-19. Anti-TNF-α therapies as well as destiffening therapies have been suggested to combat severe COVID-19. The inhibition of the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells pathway must be considered as a therapeutic target in the treatment of severe COVID-19 patients. The activation of mechanosensitive platelets by higher matrix stiffness increases their adhesion and the risk of thrombus formation, thus enhancing the severity of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garry Kerch
- Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, 1048 Riga, Latvia
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Zhang J, Ji C, Zhai X, Tong H, Hu J. Frontiers and hotspots evolution in anti-inflammatory studies for coronary heart disease: A bibliometric analysis of 1990-2022. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1038738. [PMID: 36873405 PMCID: PMC9978200 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1038738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Coronary heart disease (CHD) is characterized by forming of arterial plaques composed mainly of lipids, calcium, and inflammatory cells. These plaques narrow the lumen of the coronary artery, leading to episodic or persistent angina. Atherosclerosis is not just a lipid deposition disease but an inflammatory process with a high-specificity cellular and molecular response. Anti-inflammatory treatment for CHD is a promising therapy; several recent clinical studies (CANTOS, COCOLT, and LoDoCo2) provide therapeutic directions. However, bibliometric analysis data on anti-inflammatory conditions in CHD are lacking. This study aims to provide a comprehensive visual perspective on the anti-inflammatory research in CHD and will contribute to further research. Materials and methods All the data were collected from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database. We used the Web of Science's systematic tool to analyze the year of countries/regions, organizations, publications, authors, and citations. CiteSpace and VOSviewer were used to construct visual bibliometric networks to reveal the current status and emerging hotspot trends for anti-inflammatory intervention in CHD. Results 5,818 papers published from 1990 to 2022 were included. The number of publications has been on the rise since 2003. Libby Peter is the most prolific author in the field. "Circulation" was ranked first in the number of journals. The United States has contributed the most to the number of publications. The Harvard University System is the most published organization. The top 5 clusters of keywords co-occurrence are inflammation, C-reactive protein, coronary heart disease, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory, and myocardial infarction. The top 5 literature citation topics are chronic inflammatory diseases, cardiovascular risk; systematic review, statin therapy; high-density lipoprotein. In the past 2 years, the strongest keyword reference burst is "Nlrp3 inflammasome," and the strongest citation burst is "Ridker PM, 2017 (95.12)." Conclusion This study analyzes the research hotspots, frontiers, and development trends of anti-inflammatory applications in CHD, which is of great significance for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Zhang
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chenyang Ji
- Science and Technology College of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xu Zhai
- Graduate School of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongxuan Tong
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingqing Hu
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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11
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Chang SF, Tsai HE, Kuo JT, Ruan YR, Chen CY, Wang SY, Liu PY, Lee DY. Blood Reflux-Induced Epigenetic Factors HDACs and DNMTs Are Associated with the Development of Human Chronic Venous Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12536. [PMID: 36293392 PMCID: PMC9603923 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood reflux and metabolic regulation play important roles in chronic venous disease (CVD) development. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) and DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) serve as repressors that inhibit metabolic signaling, which is induced by proatherogenic flow to promote aortic endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction and atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to elucidate the relationship between blood reflux and epigenetic factors HDACs and DNMTs in CVD. Human varicose veins with different levels of blood reflux versus normal veins with normal venous flow were examined. The results show that HDAC-1, -2, -3, -5, and -7 are overexpressed in the endothelium of varicose veins with blood reflux. Blood reflux-induced HDACs are enhanced in the varicose veins with a longer duration time of blood reflux. In contrast, these HDACs are rarely expressed in the endothelium of the normal vein with normal venous flow. Similar results are obtained for DNMT1 and DNMT3a. Our findings suggest that the epigenetic factors, HDACs and DNMTs, are induced in venous ECs in response to blood reflux but are inhibited in response to normal venous flow. Blood reflux-induced HDACs and DNMTs could inhibit metabolic regulation and promote venous EC dysfunction, which is highly correlated with CVD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Fu Chang
- Department of Medical Research and Development, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613, Taiwan
- Center for General Education, Chiayi Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi 613, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-En Tsai
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hsin-Chu Hospital, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Tar Kuo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China University of Science and Technology, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Rong Ruan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China University of Science and Technology, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Yen Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China University of Science and Technology, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Yi Wang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yu Liu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Ding-Yu Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan
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12
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The Effects of Vitamins and Micronutrients on Helicobacter pylori Pathogenicity, Survival, and Eradication: A Crosstalk between Micronutrients and Immune System. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:4713684. [PMID: 35340586 PMCID: PMC8942682 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4713684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori as a class I carcinogen is correlated with a variety of severe gastroduodenal diseases; therefore, H. pylori eradication has become a priority to prevent gastric carcinogenesis. However, due to the emergence and spread of multidrug and single drug resistance mechanisms in H. pylori, as well as serious side effects of currently used antibiotic interventions, achieving successful H. pylori eradication has become exceedingly difficult. Recent studies expressed the intention of seeking novel strategies to improve H. pylori management and reduce the risk of H. pylori-associated intestinal and extragastrointestinal disorders. For which, vitamin supplementation has been demonstrated in many studies to have a tight interaction with H. pylori infection, either directly through the regulation of the host inflammatory pathways or indirectly by promoting the host immune response. On the other hand, H. pylori infection is reported to result in micronutrient malabsorption or deficiency. Furthermore, serum levels of particular micronutrients, especially vitamin D, are inversely correlated to the risk of H. pylori infection and eradication failure. Accordingly, vitamin supplementation might increase the efficiency of H. pylori eradication and reduce the risk of drug-related adverse effects. Therefore, this review aims at highlighting the regulatory role of micronutrients in H. pylori-induced host immune response and their potential capacity, as intrinsic antioxidants, for reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. We also discuss the uncovered mechanisms underlying the molecular and serological interactions between micronutrients and H. pylori infection to present a perspective for innovative in vitro investigations, as well as novel clinical implications.
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13
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Hsu HC, Tade G, Norton GR, Peters F, Robinson C, Dlongolo N, Teckie G, Woodiwiss AJ, Dessein PH. Aortic Stiffness and Pulsatile Pressures as Potential Mediators of Chronic Kidney Disease Induced Impaired Diastolic Function. Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis 2022; 15:27-40. [PMID: 35210818 PMCID: PMC8858013 DOI: 10.2147/ijnrd.s346074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We assessed whether aortic stiffness and pulsatile pressures can mediate chronic kidney disease (CKD)-associated impaired diastolic function. Participants and Methods In 276 black Africans including 46 CKD (19 non-dialysis; 27 dialysis) and 230 control subjects, pulse wave velocity (PWV) estimated aortic stiffness and pulsatile pressures (forward and backward wave pressure, central systolic blood pressure (CSBP) and pulse pressure (CPP)) were determined by applanation tonometry; e’ as an index of left ventricular active relaxation and E/e’ as a measure of left ventricular filling pressure or passive relaxation were evaluated by echocardiography. Results In age, sex, traditional cardiovascular risk factor and mean arterial pressure (MAP) adjusted regression models, CKD was inversely associated with e’ (p = 0.03) and directly with E/e’ (p < 0.01). The CKD-e’ relationship was attenuated and no longer significant (p = 0.31) upon additional adjustment for aortic PWV but not pulsatile pressures (p = 0.03–0.05). In product of coefficient mediation analysis, PWV accounted for 47.6% of the CKD-e’ association. CSBP (22.9%) and CPP (18.6%) but not PWV (11.3%) accounted for a significant and relevant proportion of the CKD-E/e’ relationship. However, CKD remained strongly associated with E/e’ independent of aortic function measures (p < 0.01). Treatable covariates that were or tended to be consistently associated with diastolic function included MAP (p < 0.01) and diabetes (p = 0.02–0.07) for the CKD-e’ and CKD-E/e’ relations, respectively. Conclusion Aortic stiffness rather than pulsatile pressures mediates CKD-related impaired left ventricular active relaxation. By contrast, aortic pulsatile pressures (and not stiffness) contribute to CKD-related left ventricular filling pressures but do not fully account for the respective association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hon-Chun Hsu
- Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Nephrology Unit, Milpark Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Grace Tade
- Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Gavin R Norton
- Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ferande Peters
- Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Chanel Robinson
- Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Noluntu Dlongolo
- Rheumatology Unit, Rosebank Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Gloria Teckie
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Angela J Woodiwiss
- Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Patrick H Dessein
- Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Internal Medicine Department, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Correspondence: Patrick H Dessein, Tel +27 662491468, Email
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14
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Zhang S, Zhou J, Wu W, Zhu Y, Liu X. The Role of Bile Acids in Cardiovascular Diseases: from Mechanisms to Clinical Implications. Aging Dis 2022; 14:261-282. [PMID: 37008052 PMCID: PMC10017164 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.0817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs), key regulators in the metabolic network, are not only involved in lipid digestion and absorption but also serve as potential therapeutic targets for metabolic disorders. Studies have shown that cardiac dysfunction is associated with abnormal BA metabolic pathways. As ligands for several nuclear receptors and membrane receptors, BAs systematically regulate the homeostasis of metabolism and participate in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), such as myocardial infarction, diabetic cardiomyopathy, atherosclerosis, arrhythmia, and heart failure. However, the molecular mechanism by which BAs trigger CVDs remains controversial. Therefore, the regulation of BA signal transduction by modulating the synthesis and composition of BAs is an interesting and novel direction for potential therapies for CVDs. Here, we mainly summarized the metabolism of BAs and their role in cardiomyocytes and noncardiomyocytes in CVDs. Moreover, we comprehensively discussed the clinical prospects of BAs in CVDs and analyzed the clinical diagnostic and application value of BAs. The latest development prospects of BAs in the field of new drug development are also prospected. We aimed to elucidate the underlying mechanism of BAs treatment in CVDs, and the relationship between BAs and CVDs may provide new avenues for the prevention and treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Zhang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Junteng Zhou
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Health Management Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Wenchao Wu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Ye Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Prof. Xiaojing Liu (), and Prof. Ye Zhu (), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Prof. Xiaojing Liu (), and Prof. Ye Zhu (), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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15
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Inserra F, Forcada P, Castellaro A, Castellaro C. Chronic Kidney Disease and Arterial Stiffness: A Two-Way Path. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:765924. [PMID: 34888327 PMCID: PMC8650118 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.765924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The kidney-heart relationship has raised interest for the medical population since its vast and complex interaction significantly impacts health. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) generates vascular structure and function changes, with significant hemodynamic effects. The early arterial stiffening in CKD patients is a consequence of the interaction between oxidative stress and chronic vascular inflammation, leading to an accelerated deterioration of left ventricular function and alteration in tissue perfusion. CKD amplifies the inflammatory cascade's activation and is responsible for altering the endothelium function, increasing the vascular tone, wall thickening, and favors calcium deposits in the arterial wall. Simultaneously, the autonomic imbalance, and alteration in other hormonal systems, also favor the overactivation of inflammatory and fibrotic mediators. Thus, hormonal disarrangement also contributes to structural and functional lesions throughout the arterial wall. On the other hand, a rise in arterial stiffening and volume overload generates high left ventricular afterload. It increases the left ventricular burden with consequent myocardial remodeling, development of left ventricular hypertrophy and, in turn, heart failure. It is noteworthy that reduction in glomerular mass of renal diseases generates a compensatory glomerular filtration overdriven associated with large-arteries stiffness and high cardiovascular events. Furthermore, we consider that the consequent alterations of the arterial system's mechanical properties are crucial for altering tissue perfusion, mainly in low resistance. Thus, increasing the knowledge of these processes may help the reader to integrate them from a pathophysiological perspective, providing a comprehensive idea of this two-way path between arterial stiffness and renal dysfunction and their impact at the cardiovascular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Inserra
- Advisor of Academic Vice-Rectory Department, Maimonides University, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Master Vascular Mechanics and Arterial Hypertension, Postgraduate Department, Hypertension, Austral University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pedro Forcada
- Master Vascular Mechanics and Arterial Hypertension, Postgraduate Department, Hypertension, Austral University, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Non-Invasive Vascular Labs, CardioArenales and Diagnóstico Integral Médico (DIM) Prevención Cardiovascular, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustina Castellaro
- Pediatric Medicine of Prof. Dr. Juan P Garrahan Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Castellaro
- Master Vascular Mechanics and Arterial Hypertension, Postgraduate Department, Hypertension, Austral University, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Department of Nephrology, Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas Norberto Quirno (CEMIC) Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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16
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Aguilera-Méndez A, Boone-Villa D, Nieto-Aguilar R, Villafaña-Rauda S, Molina AS, Sobrevilla JV. Role of vitamins in the metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. Pflugers Arch 2021; 474:117-140. [PMID: 34518916 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02619-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease has increased and continues to be the leading cause of mortality worldwide. The etiology of these diseases includes a complex phenotype derived from interactions between genetic, environmental, and nutritional factors. In this regard, it is common to observe vitamin deficiencies in the general population and even more in patients with cardiometabolic diseases due to different factors. Vitamins are essential micronutrients for cellular metabolism and their deficiencies result in diseases. In addition to its role in nutritional functions, increasingly, vitamins are being recognized as modulators of genetics expression and signals transduction, when consumed at pharmacological concentrations. Numerous randomized preclinical and clinical trials have evaluated the use of vitamin supplementation in the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. However, it is controversy regarding its efficacy in the treatment and prevention of these diseases. In this review, we investigated chemical basics, physiological effect and recommended daily intake, problems with deficiency and overdose, preclinical and clinical studies, and mechanisms of action of vitamin supplementation in the treatment and prevention of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asdrubal Aguilera-Méndez
- Institute of Biological Chemistry Research, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Av. J. Mújica, Edificio B3, Ciudad Universitaria, CP, 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, México.
| | - Daniel Boone-Villa
- School of Medicine, North Section, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Piedras Negras, 26090, Coahuila, México
| | - Renato Nieto-Aguilar
- University Center for Postgraduate Studies and Research, School of Dentistry, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, 58337, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Santiago Villafaña-Rauda
- Postgraduate Section, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, México
| | - Alfredo Saavedra Molina
- Institute of Biological Chemistry Research, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Av. J. Mújica, Edificio B3, Ciudad Universitaria, CP, 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Janeth Ventura Sobrevilla
- School of Medicine, North Section, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Piedras Negras, 26090, Coahuila, México
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17
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Wei T, Liu J, Zhang D, Wang X, Li G, Ma R, Chen G, Lin X, Guo X. The Relationship Between Nutrition and Atherosclerosis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:635504. [PMID: 33959594 PMCID: PMC8094392 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.635504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the basic pathological process of many diseases, such as coronary atherosclerosis and stroke. Nutrients can affect the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis. At present, in nutrition science, the research on atherosclerosis focuses on which nutrients play an important role in its prevention strategy, and what are the possible mechanisms of its action. In the current study, the process of atherosclerosis can be affected by adjusting the proportion of nutrients in the diet. In this review, we pay attention to the effects of phytosterols, omega-3-polyunsaturated fatty acids, polyphenol, vitamin, and other nutrients on atherosclerosis, pay attention to their current epidemiological status, current nutritional research results, and prevention or a possible mechanism to reduce the risk of development of atherosclerosis. So that more personalized nutritional approaches may be more effective in terms of nutritional intervention responses to atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Junnan Liu
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Demei Zhang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guangling Li
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ruchao Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xueya Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Lanzhou University Second Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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18
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The Role of Vitamin K in Humans: Implication in Aging and Age-Associated Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040566. [PMID: 33917442 PMCID: PMC8067486 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As human life expectancy is rising, the incidence of age-associated diseases will also increase. Scientific evidence has revealed that healthy diets, including good fats, vitamins, minerals, or polyphenolics, could have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, with antiaging effects. Recent studies demonstrated that vitamin K is a vital cofactor in activating several proteins, which act against age-related syndromes. Thus, vitamin K can carboxylate osteocalcin (a protein capable of transporting and fixing calcium in bone), activate matrix Gla protein (an inhibitor of vascular calcification and cardiovascular events) and carboxylate Gas6 protein (involved in brain physiology and a cognitive decline and neurodegenerative disease inhibitor). By improving insulin sensitivity, vitamin K lowers diabetes risk. It also exerts antiproliferative, proapoptotic, autophagic effects and has been associated with a reduced risk of cancer. Recent research shows that protein S, another vitamin K-dependent protein, can prevent the cytokine storm observed in COVID-19 cases. The reduced activation of protein S due to the pneumonia-induced vitamin K depletion was correlated with higher thrombogenicity and possibly fatal outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Our review aimed to present the latest scientific evidence about vitamin K and its role in preventing age-associated diseases and/or improving the effectiveness of medical treatments in mature adults ˃50 years old.
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19
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Florea A, Kooi ME, Mess W, Schurgers LJ, Bucerius J, Mottaghy FM. Effects of Combined Vitamin K2 and Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Na[ 18F]F PET/MRI in Patients with Carotid Artery Disease: The INTRICATE Rationale and Trial Design. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030994. [PMID: 33808652 PMCID: PMC8003489 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRICATE is a prospective double-blind placebo-controlled feasibility study, assessing the influence of combined vitamin K2 and vitamin D3 supplementation on micro-calcification in carotid artery disease as imaged by hybrid Sodium [18F]Fluoride (Na[18F]F) positron emission tomography (PET)/ magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Arterial calcification is an actively regulated process and results from the imbalance between calcification promoting and inhibiting factors. Considering the recent advancements in medical imaging, ultrasound (US), PET/MRI, and computed tomography (CT) can be used for the selection and stratification of patients with atherosclerosis. Fifty-two subjects with asymptomatic carotid artery disease on at least one side of the neck will be included in the study. At baseline, an Na[18F]F PET/MRI and CT examination will be performed. Afterwards, subjects will be randomized (1:1) to a vitamin K (400 µg MK-7/day) and vitamin D3 (80 µg/day) or to placebo. At the 3-month follow-up, subjects will undergo a second Na[18F]F PET/MRI and CT scan. The primary endpoint is the change in Na[18F]F PET/MRI (baseline vs. after 3 months) in the treatment group as compared to the placebo arm. Secondary endpoints are changes in plaque composition and in blood-biomarkers. The INTRICATE trial bears the potential to open novel avenues for future large scale randomized controlled trials to intervene in the plaque development and micro-calcification progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Florea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands; (M.E.K.); (J.B.)
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - M. Eline Kooi
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands; (M.E.K.); (J.B.)
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Werner Mess
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Leon J. Schurgers
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jan Bucerius
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands; (M.E.K.); (J.B.)
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Felix M. Mottaghy
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands; (M.E.K.); (J.B.)
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-241-80-88741
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20
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Abstract
The fat-soluble vitamins are vitamins A, D, E, and K. Each vitamin has unique characteristics and contributes to the overall health of an individual. These vitamins have complex absorption, metabolism, and distribution elements that provide protection to the cells in the body as well as many organs. Fat-soluble vitamins, once ingested and processed, are stored in the body for use. Most fat-soluble vitamins are obtained from fruits, vegetables, nuts, and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherri L Stevens
- School of Nursing, Middle Tennessee State University, MTSU Box 81, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA.
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21
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Health Risk, Functional Markers and Cognitive Status in Institutionalized Older Adults: A Longitudinal Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17197303. [PMID: 33036324 PMCID: PMC7579099 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17197303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A Follow-up of vitamin B12 and lipids status is essential in older people, being closely related to non-communicable diseases. Their relationships with cognitive and physical status are not clear. The aim was to analyze the evolution of vitamin B12 and related parameters, lipid and hematological profiles, and their relationships with cognitive and physical status among institutionalized elderly. Sixty residents, ranged from 62 to 99, were evaluated. Biomarkers (vitamin B12 and related parameters, lipid and hematological profiles), functional capacity (handgrip, arm and leg strength), and cognitive status (Mini-Mental State Examination) were evaluated four times at 4-month intervals. At the beginning of the study, 63% and 70% of the sample showed abnormal homocysteine and folate values, respectively. At the end of the year, abnormal homocysteine increased to 68%, abnormal folate values decreased to 50%. Throughout the year, serum folate showed a significant increase (14.9 vs. 16.3 nmol/L), (p < 0.05). Serum cobalamin (299 vs. 273 pmol/L). HDL-cholesterol (49.9 vs. 47.0 mg/dL) and triglyceride levels (102.4 vs. 123.2 mg/dL) showed a significant decrease and increase respectively in mean values (all p < 0.05). Serum cobalamin and HDL-cholesterol were the most important biomarkers associated with cognitive function (both p < 0.05). The most relevant biomarkers associated with poor physical strength depending on the body part analyzed were low concentrations of HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, apolipoprotein A1, and albumin (all p < 0.05). The evolution of lipid biomarkers, their significance with cognitive values, and association with handgrip, point to the importance of the handgrip measurement, a very simple test, as an important health marker. Both serum albumin and physical strength are important health markers in older people.
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Baltã F, Cristescu IE, Mirescu AE, Baltã G, Tofolean IT. Effect of A Multinutrient Complex on Retinal Microcirculation in Diabetic Patients Investigated Using an Adaptive Optics Retinal Camera. ACTA ENDOCRINOLOGICA (BUCHAREST, ROMANIA : 2005) 2020; 16:389-395. [PMID: 34084228 DOI: 10.4183/aeb.2020.389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Alimentary supplements may have beneficial effects on retinal microvasculature in diabetic patients. OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN State-of-the-art imaging techniques were used to assess retinal microcirculation in diabetic patients in an observational study before and after 3 months treatment with a multinutrient complex including resveratrol, vitamins D3, C, E, essential fatty acids, trace elements (zinc and copper) and macular pigments (lutein and zeaxanthin)-Resvega. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Fifteen subjects were included in this study. Adaptive optics ophthalmoscopy was used to measure the parameters of temporal retinal arterioles. Optical coherence tomography angiography was employed to assess foveal avascular zone and vessel densities of the superficial capillary plexus, deep capillary plexus and choricapillary plexus. RESULTS After 3 months of treatment, there was a statistically significant median decrease in wall-to-lumen ratio (p=0.0001). The same tendencies were noticed for wall thickness values (p=0.008) and wall cross sectional area values (p=0.001). On the other side, no significant changes were noticed concerning the OCTA parameters. CONCLUSIONS Resvega seems to have a beneficial effect on the retinal arterioles in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Baltã
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.,Emergency Eye Hospital, Bucharest, Romania.,"Retina" Clinic, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | | | - G Baltã
- Emergency Eye Hospital, Bucharest, Romania.,"Retina" Clinic, Bucharest, Romania
| | - I T Tofolean
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.,"Retina" Clinic, Bucharest, Romania
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Shi C, Wang P, Airen S, Brown C, Liu Z, Townsend JH, Wang J, Jiang H. Nutritional and medical food therapies for diabetic retinopathy. EYE AND VISION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2020; 7:33. [PMID: 32582807 PMCID: PMC7310218 DOI: 10.1186/s40662-020-00199-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a form of microangiopathy. Reducing oxidative stress in the mitochondria and cell membranes decreases ischemic injury and end-organ damage to the retina. New approaches are needed, which reduce the risk and improve the outcomes of DR while complementing current therapeutic approaches. Homocysteine (Hcy) elevation and oxidative stress are potential therapeutic targets in DR. Common genetic polymorphisms such as those of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), increase Hcy and DR risk and severity. Patients with DR have high incidences of deficiencies of crucial vitamins, minerals, and related compounds, which also lead to elevation of Hcy and oxidative stress. Addressing the effects of the MTHFR polymorphism and addressing comorbid deficiencies and insufficiencies reduce the impact and severity of the disease. This approach provides safe and simple strategies that support conventional care and improve outcomes. Suboptimal vitamin co-factor availability also impairs the release of neurotrophic and neuroprotective growth factors. Collectively, this accounts for variability in presentation and response of DR to conventional therapy. Fortunately, there are straightforward recommendations for addressing these issues and supporting traditional treatment plans. We have reviewed the literature for nutritional interventions that support conventional therapies to reduce disease risk and severity. Optimal combinations of vitamins B1, B2, B6, L-methylfolate, methylcobalamin (B12), C, D, natural vitamin E complex, lutein, zeaxanthin, alpha-lipoic acid, and n-acetylcysteine are identified for protecting the retina and choroid. Certain medical foods have been successfully used as therapy for retinopathy. Recommendations based on this review and our clinical experience are developed for clinicians to use to support conventional therapy for DR. DR from both type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have similar retinal findings and responses to nutritional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1638 NW 10th Avenue, McKnight Building - Room 202A, Miami, FL 33136 USA
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1638 NW 10th Avenue, McKnight Building - Room 202A, Miami, FL 33136 USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shriya Airen
- College of Arts and Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL USA
| | - Craig Brown
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Fayetteville, AR USA
| | - Zhiping Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1638 NW 10th Avenue, McKnight Building - Room 202A, Miami, FL 33136 USA
- Ophthalmic Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Justin H. Townsend
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1638 NW 10th Avenue, McKnight Building - Room 202A, Miami, FL 33136 USA
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1638 NW 10th Avenue, McKnight Building - Room 202A, Miami, FL 33136 USA
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1638 NW 10th Avenue, McKnight Building - Room 202A, Miami, FL 33136 USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL USA
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Kerch G. Role of Changes in State of Bound Water and Tissue Stiffness in Development of Age-Related Diseases. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1362. [PMID: 32560459 PMCID: PMC7361708 DOI: 10.3390/polym12061362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
An essential effect of environmental stiffness on biological processes in cells at present is generally accepted. An increase in arterial stiffness with advanced age has been reported in many publications. The aim of the present review is to summarize current information about possible chemical reactions and physical processes that lead to tissue stiffening and result in age-related diseases in order to find methods that can prevent or retard time-dependent tissue stiffening. The analysis of published data shows that bound water acts as a plasticizer of biological tissues, a decrease in bound water content results in an increase in biological tissue stiffness, and increased tissue stiffness leads to NF-kB activation and triggered actin polymerization-NF-kB activation is associated with age-related diseases. It can be suggested that changes in bound water content through changing tissue stiffness can affect cellular processes and the development of pathologies related to aging. Both age-related diseases and COVID-19 may be associated with tight-junction disruption and increased tissue stiffness and permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garry Kerch
- Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, 1048 Riga, Latvia
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The Effect of Vitamin Supplementation on Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Patients without Manifest Cardiovascular Diseases: Never-ending Hope or Underestimated Effect? Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071717. [PMID: 32283588 PMCID: PMC7181162 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Micronutrients, especially vitamins, play an important role in the evolution of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). It has been speculated that additional intake of vitamins may reduce the CVD burden by acting on the inflammatory and oxidative response starting from early stages of atherosclerosis, when the vascular impairment might still be reversible or, at least, slowed down. The current review assesses the role of major vitamins on subclinical atherosclerosis process and the potential clinical implications in patients without CVD. We have comprehensively examined the literature data for the major vitamins: A, B group, C, D, and E, respectively. Most data are based on vitamin E, D and C supplementation, while vitamins A and B have been scarcely examined for the subclinical atherosclerosis action. Though the fundamental premise was optimistic, the up-to-date trials with vitamin supplementation revealed divergent results on subclinical atherosclerosis improvement, both in healthy subjects and patients with CVD, while the long-term effect seems minimal. Thus, there are no conclusive data on the prevention and progression of atherosclerosis based on vitamin supplementation. However, given their enormous potential, future trials are certainly needed for a more tailored CVD prevention focusing on early stages as subclinical atherosclerosis.
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Maretzke F, Bechthold A, Egert S, Ernst JB, Melo van Lent D, Pilz S, Reichrath J, Stangl GI, Stehle P, Volkert D, Wagner M, Waizenegger J, Zittermann A, Linseisen J. Role of Vitamin D in Preventing and Treating Selected Extraskeletal Diseases-An Umbrella Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12040969. [PMID: 32244496 PMCID: PMC7231149 DOI: 10.3390/nu12040969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence is accumulating that vitamin D may have beneficial effects on respiratory tract, autoimmune, neuro-degenerative, and mental diseases. The present umbrella review of systematic reviews (SRs) of cohort studies and randomised controlled trials (RCTs), plus single Mendelian randomisation studies aims to update current knowledge on the potential role of vitamin D in preventing and treating these extraskeletal diseases. Altogether, 73 SRs were identified. Observational data on primary prevention suggest an inverse association between vitamin D status and the risk of acute respiratory tract infections (ARI), dementia and cognitive decline, and depression, whereas studies regarding asthma, multiple sclerosis (MS), and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are scarce. SRs of RCTs support observational data only for the risk of ARI. No respective RCTs are available for the prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), MS, and T1DM. SRs of RCTs indicate beneficial therapeutic effects in vitamin D-deficient patients with asthma and COPD, while effects on major depression and T1DM need to be further elucidated. Mendelian randomisation studies do not consistently support the results of SRs. Since several limitations of the included SRs and existing RCTs do not permit definitive conclusions regarding vitamin D and the selected diseases, further high-quality RCTs are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Maretzke
- German Nutrition Society, 53175 Bonn, Germany; (F.M.); (A.B.); (J.B.E.); (J.L.)
| | - Angela Bechthold
- German Nutrition Society, 53175 Bonn, Germany; (F.M.); (A.B.); (J.B.E.); (J.L.)
| | - Sarah Egert
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany;
| | - Jana B. Ernst
- German Nutrition Society, 53175 Bonn, Germany; (F.M.); (A.B.); (J.B.E.); (J.L.)
| | - Debora Melo van Lent
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA;
| | - Stefan Pilz
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Jörg Reichrath
- Department of Adult and Pediatric Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology, University Hospital Saarland, 66424 Homburg, Germany;
| | - Gabriele I. Stangl
- Institute for Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany;
| | - Peter Stehle
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Dorothee Volkert
- Institute for Biomedicine of Aging, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 90408 Nuremberg, Germany;
| | - Michael Wagner
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Julia Waizenegger
- German Nutrition Society, 53175 Bonn, Germany; (F.M.); (A.B.); (J.B.E.); (J.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-228-3776-628
| | - Armin Zittermann
- Clinic for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart and Diabetes Center North Rhine-Westphalia, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany;
| | - Jakob Linseisen
- German Nutrition Society, 53175 Bonn, Germany; (F.M.); (A.B.); (J.B.E.); (J.L.)
- University Center of Health Sciences at Klinikum Augsburg (UNIKA-T), Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
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Si J, Li K, Shan P, Yuan J. The combined presence of hypertension and vitamin D deficiency increased the probability of the occurrence of small vessel disease in China. BMC Neurol 2019; 19:164. [PMID: 31315602 PMCID: PMC6636140 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-019-1395-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The exact relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH) D] levels and small vessel disease (SVD) are not clear in China. The aim of this study was to determine such the association between 25(OH) D and SVD in China. METHODS We retrospectively enrolled 106 patients with SVD and 115 controls between Jan 2017 and Dec 2017. All the subjects were categorized into three subgroups according to the level of 25 (OH) D: vitamin D deficiency (< 12 ng/ml), insufficiency (12-20 ng/ml) and sufficiency (> 20 ng/ml). RESULTS Among 106 SVD patients, 80 (75.5%) were men and the mean age was 61.6 ± 13.2 years. The deficiency of 25(OH) D was observed in 76 (71.7%) of SVD patients and 47 (40.9%) of controls (P = 0.001). Compared with controls, patients with SVD were more likely to be male, a stroke history, smokers, with hyperlipidemia, higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure and low-density lipoprotein, and lower of 25(OH)D level (P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed the level of 25 (OH) D as an independent predictor of SVD (OR 0.772, 95% CI 0.691-0.862, P = 0.001). Compared with the sufficient 25 (OH) D group, the ORs of SVD in deficient and insufficient 25(OH)D group were 5.609 (95% CI 2.006-15.683) and 1.077 (95% CI: 0.338-3.428) after adjusting for potential confounders, respectively. In hypertensives with vitamin D deficient and insufficient group compared with sufficient group, the ORs of SVD increased to 9.738 (95% CI 2.398-39.540) and 1.108 (95% CI 0.232-5.280), respectively (Pinteraction = 0.001). CONCLUSION We found significant associations between SVD and 25(OH)D deficiency. The combined presence of hypertension and vitamin D deficiency increased the probability of developing SVD. Our findings will warrant further prospective studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzeng Si
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 China
- Department of Neurology, Jinan City People’s Hospital, Jinan, 271199 China
| | - Kuibao Li
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020 China
| | - Peiyan Shan
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 China
| | - Junliang Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020 China
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Mozos I, Jianu D, Gug C, Stoian D. Links between High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein and Pulse Wave Analysis in Middle-Aged Patients with Hypertension and High Normal Blood Pressure. DISEASE MARKERS 2019; 2019:2568069. [PMID: 31396293 PMCID: PMC6664701 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2568069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Arterial stiffness and arterial age provide valuable prognostic cardiovascular information. The present study aimed at assessing the levels of vitamin D, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), and oxidized LDL (oxLDL) in a group of middle-aged hypertensive patients and their relationship with pulse wave velocity (PWV), central blood pressure, and early arterial aging (EAA), respectively. A total of 56 patients, aged 48 ± 6 years, 57% males, with hypertension and high normal blood pressure (HNBP), were investigated using a Mobile-O-Graph, to assess central and peripheral blood pressure, PWV, and arterial age. Additionally, hsCRP, LDL, oxLDL, and 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 were assessed. PWV, 25-hydroxy vitamin D3, hsCRP, oxLDL, and LDL levels were 7.26 ± 0.69 m/s, 25.99 ± 11.17 microg/l, 0.48 ± 0.44 mg/dl, 261.37 ± 421 ng/ml, and 145.73 ± 39.53 mg/dl, respectively. Significant correlations were obtained between oxLDL and pulse pressure amplification (rS = -0.347, p = 0.028) and between hsCRP and LDL levels with PWV and EAA, respectively. ROC curve analysis revealed that hsCRP is a sensitive and specific predictor of EAA and increased PWV values. Concluding, vitamin D deficiency and increased hsCRP and LDL values are very common, and high oxidized LDL is related to pulse pressure amplification in patients with elevated blood pressure. Vitamin D level and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and LDL provide valuable information in middle-aged hypertensive and HNBP patients related to arterial stiffness and early arterial aging, but only hsCRP is a sensitive predictor of EAA and PWV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Mozos
- Department of Functional Sciences, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300173 Timisoara, Romania
- Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300173 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Daniela Jianu
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Military Hospital, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cristina Gug
- Department of Microscopic Morphology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Dana Stoian
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
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Correlations between Vascular Stiffness Indicators, OPG, and 25-OH Vitamin D3 Status in Heart Failure Patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55060309. [PMID: 31242663 PMCID: PMC6630571 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55060309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: The purpose of the study is to correlate vascular calcification biomarkers osteoprotegerin (OPG) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-OH-D3), indicators of arterial stiffness carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (c-f PWV) and renal resistive index (RRI), with parameters of left ventricular function in heart failure patients versus control. Materials and methods: Our case-control study compared 60 patients with ischemic heart failure and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (<40%) with a control group of 60 healthy age-matched subjects (CON). Serum levels of OPG and 25-OH-D3 were determined by ELISA. Left ventricular volumes (LVESV, LVEDV) and LVEF were measured by echocardiography. C-f PWV was determined using the arteriograph device. RRI was measured by duplex Doppler. Peak systolic velocity (PSV) and minimum end-diastolic velocity (EDV) were determined using angle correction. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using the MDRD equation. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used for interpretation of results. Results: OPG values were significantly higher in heart failure (HF) patients vs. CON (4.7 ± 0.25 vs. 1.3 ± 0.67 ng/mL, p < 0.001). 25-OH vitamin D3 levels were significantly lower in HF patients vs. CON (20.49 ± 7.31 vs. 37.09 ± 4.59 ng/mL, p < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis considering 25-OH D3 as a dependent variable demonstrated indicators of vascular stiffness RRI, c-f PWV and vascular calcification biomarker OPG as predictors. OPG values were significantly correlated with cardiac parameters LVEDV (r = 0.862, p < 0.001), LVEF (r = −0.832, p < 0.001), and c-f PWV(r = 0.833, p < 0.001), and also with 25-OH-D3 (r = −0.636, p < 0.001). RRI values were significantly correlated with cardiac parameters LVEDV (r = 0.586, p < 0.001) and LVEF (r = −0.587, p < 0.001), and with eGFR (r = −0.488, p < 0.001), c-f PWV(r = 0.640, p < 0.001), and 25-OH-D3 (r = −0.732, p < 0.001). Conclusions: This study showed significant correlations between vitamin D deficit and vascular stiffness indicators in heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction, demonstrating the importance of these examinations for a better evaluation of these patients. Together with the evaluation of renal function, the measurement of vascular stiffness indicators and biomarkers might play a key role in identifying patients at greater risk for worsening disease prognosis and for shorter life expectancy, who could benefit from vitamin D supplementation. The abstract was accepted for presentation at the Congress of the European Society of Cardiology, Munich, 2018.
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Buleu F, Sirbu E, Caraba A, Dragan S. Heart Involvement in Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases: A Systematic Literature Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55060249. [PMID: 31174287 PMCID: PMC6632037 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55060249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases have an increased risk of developing cardiovascular manifestations. The high risk of cardiovascular pathology in these patients is not only due to traditional cardiovascular risk factors (age, gender, family history, smoking, sedentary lifestyle, cholesterol), but also to chronic inflammation and autoimmunity. Aim: In this review, we present the mechanisms of cardiovascular comorbidities associated with inflammatory rheumatic diseases, as they have recently been reported by different authors, grouped in electrical abnormalities, valvular, myocardial and pericardial modifications and vascular involvement. Methods: We conducted a systematic search of published literature on the following online databases: EBSCO, ScienceDirect, Scopus and PubMed. Searches were limited to full-text English-language journal articles published between 2010 and 2017 using the following key words: heart, systemic inflammation, autoimmunity, rheumatic diseases and disease activity. After the primary analysis we included 50 scientific articles in this review. Results: The results showed that cardiac manifestations of systemic inflammation can occur frequently with different prevalence in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE), systemic sclerosis(SSc) and ankylosing spondylitis(AS). Rheumatologic diseases can affect the myocardium, cardiac valves, pericardium, conduction system and arterial vasculature. Conclusions: Early detection, adequate management and therapy of specific cardiac involvement are essential in rheumatic disease. Electrocardiographic and echocardiographic evaluation should be performed as routine investigations in patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florina Buleu
- Departament of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babeș", Timișoara 300041, Romania.
| | - Elena Sirbu
- Department of Physical Therapy and Special Motricity, West University of Timișoara, Timișoara 300223, Romania.
| | - Alexandru Caraba
- Departament of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babeș", Timișoara 300041, Romania.
| | - Simona Dragan
- Departament of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babeș", Timișoara 300041, Romania.
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Pereira J, Simões M, Silva JL. Microalgal assimilation of vitamin B 12 toward the production of a superfood. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12911. [PMID: 31368540 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A network of components from different metabolic pathways is the building scaffold of an indispensable compound in the human organism-vitamin B12 . The biosynthesis of this compound is restricted to a limited number of representatives of bacteria and archaea, while vitamin B12 -dependent enzymes are spread through several domains of life. Different attempts have been performed to increase vitamin B12 levels in dietary products, particularly in vegetarian and vegan dietary regimes. The integration of vitamin B12 in microalgae through symbiosis with microorganisms generally recognized as safe, for example the probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri, can even increase the nutritional value of the microalgal biomass. This study reviews the microbial production of vitamin B12 based on genetic analyses and chemical studies. Recent genetic approaches are focused, particularly potential metabolic engineering targets to increase vitamin B12 production. The bioincorporation of vitamin B12 in microalgae as an attempt to provide a superfood is also reviewed. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Novel food habits (i.e., vegan lifestyle) may lack relevant nutrients, including vitamin B12 . Therefore, there is an increased demand for dietary products rich in vitamin B12 . Of potential interest is the provision of microbial-based superfood rich in numerous nutrients, including this vitamin. This manuscript provides an in-depth and timely overview on vitamin B12 biosynthesis and the major advances on metabolic engineering for improved vitamin B12 production by probiotic bacteria and other microorganisms generally recognized as safe. A relevant advance would result from the bioincorporation of vitamin B12 in alternative microorganisms (non-vitamin B12 producers) increasingly recognized as superfood, that is microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pereira
- Allmicroalgae-Natural Products, Lisboa, Portugal.,LEPABE, Departamento de Engenharia Química, da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel Simões
- LEPABE, Departamento de Engenharia Química, da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Lavalle C, Straito M, Caroli A, Piro A, Giunta G, Mariani MV, Fedele F. Rivaroxaban in atrial fibrillation cardioversion: an update. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2019; 15:613-626. [PMID: 31118649 PMCID: PMC6504667 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s201162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia, with a prevalence of about 2-3% in the general population, representing a powerful risk factor for stroke and systemic thromboembolism and increased mortality and morbidity. Restoration of sinus rhythm is an important treatment option in AF and has a high success rate, but there is the need for an effective anticoagulation strategy to reduce the risk of embolic events. Anticoagulation with vitamin K antagonists is often associated with failure to achieving effective international normalized ratio. In this setting, recent data have led to extended approval for rivaroxaban in clinical practice, because it is effective and safe in patients with AF undergoing cardioversion, avoiding additional health costs and related time loss, while improving patient satisfaction. The present report provides an overview of the main randomized controlled trial and the main real-life studies, documenting the use of rivaroxaban in patients with non-valvular AF who underwent the cardioversion procedure. Considering that novel non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants in left atrial appendage thrombi resolution is still unknown in the real-world practice, the main findings on the use of rivaroxaban in this setting are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Lavalle
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrological, Anesthesiological and Geriatric Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Straito
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrological, Anesthesiological and Geriatric Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Caroli
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrological, Anesthesiological and Geriatric Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Agostino Piro
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrological, Anesthesiological and Geriatric Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Giunta
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrological, Anesthesiological and Geriatric Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Valerio Mariani
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrological, Anesthesiological and Geriatric Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Fedele
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrological, Anesthesiological and Geriatric Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
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De Bruyne T, Steenput B, Roth L, De Meyer GRY, Santos CND, Valentová K, Dambrova M, Hermans N. Dietary Polyphenols Targeting Arterial Stiffness: Interplay of Contributing Mechanisms and Gut Microbiome-Related Metabolism. Nutrients 2019; 11:E578. [PMID: 30857217 PMCID: PMC6471395 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased arterial stiffness is a degenerative vascular process, progressing with age that leads to a reduced capability of arteries to expand and contract in response to pressure changes. This progressive degeneration mainly affects the extracellular matrix of elastic arteries and causes loss of vascular elasticity. Recent studies point to significant interference of dietary polyphenols with mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology and progression of arterial stiffness. This review summarizes data from epidemiological and interventional studies on the effect of polyphenols on vascular stiffness as an illustration of current research and addresses possible etiological factors targeted by polyphenols, including pathways of vascular functionality, oxidative status, inflammation, glycation, and autophagy. Effects can either be inflicted directly by the dietary polyphenols or indirectly by metabolites originated from the host or microbial metabolic processes. The composition of the gut microbiome, therefore, determines the resulting metabolome and, as a consequence, the observed activity. On the other hand, polyphenols also influence the intestinal microbial composition, and therefore the metabolites available for interaction with relevant targets. As such, targeting the gut microbiome is another potential treatment option for arterial stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tess De Bruyne
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Food-Research and Analysis (NatuRA), University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium.
| | - Bieke Steenput
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Food-Research and Analysis (NatuRA), University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium.
| | - Lynn Roth
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium.
| | - Guido R Y De Meyer
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium.
| | - Claudia Nunes Dos Santos
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal.
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Kateřina Valentová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Maija Dambrova
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia.
| | - Nina Hermans
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Food-Research and Analysis (NatuRA), University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium.
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Hao Y, Chen Y. Vitamin D levels and vitamin D receptor variants are associated with chronic heart failure in Chinese patients. J Clin Lab Anal 2019; 33:e22847. [PMID: 30714636 PMCID: PMC6528604 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin D is an indispensable molecule for human health. Wide ranges of diseases are linked with vitamin D deficiencies. Role of vitamin D in chronic heart failure has been demonstrated in different populations; however, reports are limited in Chinese population. Vitamin D exerts its effect through vitamin D receptor and variants in vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene are shown to affect vitamin D signaling. In the present study, we hypothesized that both vitamin D levels and VDR variants could be associated with the development of chronic heart failure. Materials and Methods We enrolled 145, chronic heart failure patients those admitted to Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Beijing Luhe Hospital of Capital Medical University and fulfilled NYHA inclusions criteria. In addition, ninety healthy subjects from similar geographical location were enrolled as healthy controls. Plasma levels of vitamin D were quantified by ELISA. VDR variants (BsmI, ApaI, TaqI, and FokI) were genotyped by PCR‐RFLP. Results Plasma levels of vitamin D were significantly lower in chronic heart patients compared to healthy controls. Heterozygous and minor allele for FokI and TaqI polymorphisms were significantly higher in heart failure patients when compared to healthy controls. In addition, combined analysis of vitamin D levels and VDR mutants revealed association of vitamin D deficiencies and VDR mutants with chronic heart failure. Conclusions The results of the present investigation showed an important role of vitamin D and VDR variants with chronic heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Beijing Luhe Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yueling Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Beijing Luhe Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Hanafi NI, Mohamed AS, Sheikh Abdul Kadir SH, Othman MHD. Overview of Bile Acids Signaling and Perspective on the Signal of Ursodeoxycholic Acid, the Most Hydrophilic Bile Acid, in the Heart. Biomolecules 2018; 8:E159. [PMID: 30486474 PMCID: PMC6316857 DOI: 10.3390/biom8040159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BA) are classically known as an important agent in lipid absorption and cholesterol metabolism. Nowadays, their role in glucose regulation and energy homeostasis are widely reported. BAs are involved in various cellular signaling pathways, such as protein kinase cascades, cyclic AMP (cAMP) synthesis, and calcium mobilization. They are ligands for several nuclear hormone receptors, including farnesoid X-receptor (FXR). Recently, BAs have been shown to bind to muscarinic receptor and Takeda G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5), both G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), independent of the nuclear hormone receptors. Moreover, BA signals have also been elucidated in other nonclassical BA pathways, such as sphingosine-1-posphate and BK (large conductance calcium- and voltage activated potassium) channels. Hydrophobic BAs have been proven to affect heart rate and its contraction. Elevated BAs are associated with arrhythmias in adults and fetal heart, and altered ratios of primary and secondary bile acid are reported in chronic heart failure patients. Meanwhile, in patients with liver cirrhosis, cardiac dysfunction has been strongly linked to the increase in serum bile acid concentrations. In contrast, the most hydrophilic BA, known as ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), has been found to be beneficial in improving peripheral blood flow in chronic heart failure patients and in protecting the heart against reperfusion injury. This review provides an overview of BA signaling, with the main emphasis on past and present perspectives on UDCA signals in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noorul Izzati Hanafi
- Institute of Medical Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh 47000, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Anis Syamimi Mohamed
- Institute of Medical Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh 47000, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Siti Hamimah Sheikh Abdul Kadir
- Institute of Medical Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh 47000, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh 47000, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bharu 81310, Johor, Malaysia.
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Yao Y, Fu S, Shi Q, Zhang H, Zhu Q, Zhang F, Luan F, Zhao Y, He Y. Prevalence of functional dependence in Chinese centenarians and its relationship with serum vitamin D status. Clin Interv Aging 2018; 13:2045-2053. [PMID: 30410320 PMCID: PMC6200073 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s182318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Functional dependence (FD) and vitamin D deficiency are common conditions in older adults. However, little is known about the relationship between FD and serum vitamin D status in centenarians. The current study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of FD and examine its relationship with serum vitamin D status among centenarians in China. Subjects and methods A cross-sectional study of a large sample of Chinese centenarians including 180 men and 822 women was conducted from June 2014 to December 2016. Home interviews, physical examinations, and blood analyses were performed in 958 centenarians following standard procedures. FD was evaluated using the Barthel index of activities of daily living (ADL). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentrations were measured as a marker of vitamin D status. Results The prevalence of centenarians with FD was 71.2%. Vitamin D deficiency, lack of tea consumption, lack of outdoor activities, visual impairment, and fracture were predictors of FD. Centenarians in the lowest quartile of serum 25OHD concentration had an approximately threefold greater likelihood of FD than those in the highest quartile in multiple logistic regression models (OR =2.88; 95% CI 1.75–4.73; P<0.001). The multivariable OR with a 1 ng/mL decrease in serum 25OHD concentration was 1.06 (95% CI 1.04–1.08; P<0.001) for FD. Conclusion Serum 25OHD levels have important associations with FD in Chinese centenarians. Future research could focus on the value of intervening in the case of low serum 25OHD levels through vitamin D supplementation and improving ADL in the older population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yao
- Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China,
| | - Shihui Fu
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuling Shi
- Department of Symptom Research, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Qiao Zhu
- Central Laboratory, Hainan Branch of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya, People's Republic of China,
| | - Fu Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Hainan Branch of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya, People's Republic of China,
| | - Fuxin Luan
- Central Laboratory, Hainan Branch of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya, People's Republic of China,
| | - Yali Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Hainan Branch of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya, People's Republic of China,
| | - Yao He
- Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China,
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vitamin D deficiency is common, world-wide, but vitamin D repletion throughout life, and into older age, has accepted health benefits for bone. Many mechanisms through which vitamin D also benefits soft tissues are understood, and clinical evidence of such benefits is now accumulating, especially following re-analyses of trial data, which are revealing previously missed health benefits with correction of deficiency. AREAS COVERED The sources of vitamin D, its activation, mechanistic effects; problems of trials of supplementation for reducing health risks, the benefits shown for mortality, cardiovascular disease, infection and cancer; the global problem of vitamin D deficiency; age-related reductions in vitamin D efficacy, and currently recommended intakes. EXPERT COMMENTARY High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency worldwide have proven ill-effects on health. Governmental efforts to improve population repletion by recommending minimal daily intakes does benefit some but is not effective at the population-level. However, food fortification with vitamin D3, already implemented in some countries, can solve this highly avoidable problem cost-effectively and is probably the best way to abolish vitamin D inadequacy, allowing public health benefits to emerge over time, thereby allowing future research on vitamin D to be directed at emerging issues on vitamin D.
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Guerriero F, Orlando V, Monetti VM, Colaccio FM, Sessa M, Scavone C, Capuano A, Menditto E. Predictors of new oral anticoagulant drug initiation as opposed to warfarin in elderly adults: a retrospective observational study in Southern Italy. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2018; 14:1907-1914. [PMID: 30349269 PMCID: PMC6183659 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s171346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to assess the predictive role of age, gender, and number and type of co-treatments for new oral anticoagulant (NOAC) vs warfarin prescription in elderly patients naïve for the aforementioned drugs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data collected in the period from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2014, in Caserta Local Health Unit administrative databases (Campania Region, Italy) were screened to identify new users of oral anticoagulants (OACs) who were 75 years or older and whose OAC prescriptions amounted to >90 days of treatment. Age, gender, and number and type of concomitant medications at the time of first OAC dispensation were retrieved. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to assess the role of the aforementioned predictors for NOAC initiation as opposed to warfarin. RESULTS Overall, 2,132 incident users of OAC were identified, of whom 967 met all inclusion criteria. In all, 490 subjects (50.7%) received an NOAC and 477 (49.3%) received warfarin. Age >75 years was positively associated with lower odds of NOAC initiation (OR: 0.969, 95% CI: 0.941-0.998, P=0.038). Similarly, multiple concomitant medication was negatively associated with NOAC initiation compared to warfarin (OR [five to nine drugs] group: 0.607, 95% CI: 0.432-0.852, P=0.004; OR [ten+ drugs] group: 0.372, 95% CI: 0.244-0.567, P<0.001). Prior exposure to platelet aggregation inhibitor drugs was associated with the initiation of NOACs (OR: 3.474, 95% CI: 2.610-4.625). CONCLUSION Age and multiple co-medication were negatively associated with NOAC initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Guerriero
- Center of Pharmacoeconomics (CIRFF), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy,
| | - Valentina Orlando
- Center of Pharmacoeconomics (CIRFF), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy,
| | | | | | - Maurizio Sessa
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, Regional Center of Pharmacovigilance, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK, Denmark
| | - Cristina Scavone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, Regional Center of Pharmacovigilance, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Annalisa Capuano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, Regional Center of Pharmacovigilance, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Enrica Menditto
- Center of Pharmacoeconomics (CIRFF), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy,
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Akhavan-Khaleghi N, Hosseinsabet A, Mohseni-Badalabadi R. Effects of vitamin D deficiency on left atrial function as evaluated by 2D speckle-tracking echocardiography. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND : JCU 2018; 46:334-340. [PMID: 29064092 DOI: 10.1002/jcu.22548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent the world over, and some of its effects on the cardiovascular system have been previously demonstrated. We evaluated left atrial (LA) function via 2D speckle-tracking echocardiography (2DSTE) in subjects with and without vitamin D deficiency. METHODS Ninety-seven consecutive patients without significant coronary artery disease on selective coronary angiography were incorporated in our study and divided according to their serum level of vitamin D into 2 groups: with and without vitamin D deficiency. RESULTS The early diastolic strain rate, as a marker of LA conduit function, was increased in patients with vitamin D deficiency (P = .008) and after adjustment for age (P = .046). However, after adjustment for all the confounding factors, vitamin D deficiency showed only a trend to be the independent determinant of LA early diastolic longitudinal strain rate (SRE, P = .065). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated that LA function, as evaluated by 2DSTE, was not different between subjects with and without vitamin D deficiency after adjustment for the confounding factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Akhavan-Khaleghi
- Cardiology Department, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R. Iran
| | - Ali Hosseinsabet
- Cardiology Department, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R. Iran
| | - Reza Mohseni-Badalabadi
- Cardiology Department, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R. Iran
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Mozos I, Stoian D, Caraba A, Malainer C, Horbańczuk JO, Atanasov AG. Lycopene and Vascular Health. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:521. [PMID: 29875663 PMCID: PMC5974099 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Lycopene is a lipophilic, unsaturated carotenoid, found in red-colored fruits and vegetables, including tomatoes, watermelon, papaya, red grapefruits, and guava. The present work provides an up to date overview of mechanisms linking lycopene in the human diet and vascular changes, considering epidemiological data, clinical studies, and experimental data. Lycopene may improve vascular function and contributes to the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disorders. The main activity profile of lycopene includes antiatherosclerotic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, antiplatelet, anti-apoptotic, and protective endothelial effects, the ability to improve the metabolic profile, and reduce arterial stiffness. In this context, lycopene has been shown in numerous studies to exert a favorable effect in patients with subclinical atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, peripheral vascular disease, stroke and several other cardiovascular disorders, although the obtained results are sometimes inconsistent, which warrants further studies focusing on its bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Mozos
- Department of Functional Sciences, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timiṣoara, Romania
- Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timiṣoara, Romania
| | - Dana Stoian
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timiṣoara, Romania
| | - Alexandru Caraba
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timiṣoara, Romania
| | | | - Jarosław O. Horbańczuk
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Atanas G. Atanasov
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Magdalenka, Poland
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Ramanathan N, Tan E, Loh LJ, Soh BS, Yap WN. Tocotrienol is a cardioprotective agent against ageing-associated cardiovascular disease and its associated morbidities. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2018; 15:6. [PMID: 29387138 PMCID: PMC5775572 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-018-0244-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ageing is a nonmodifiable risk factor that is linked to increased likelihood of cardiovascular morbidities. Whilst many pharmacological interventions currently exist to treat many of these disorders such as statins for hypercholesterolemia or beta-blockers for hypertension, the elderly appear to present a greater likelihood of suffering non-related side effects such as increased risk of developing new onset type 2 diabetes (NODM). In some cases, lower efficacy in the elderly have also been reported. Alternative forms of treatment have been sought to address these issues, and there has been a growing interest in looking at herbal remedies or plant-based natural compounds. Oxidative stress and inflammation are implicated in the manifestation of ageing-related cardiovascular disease. Thus, it is natural that a compound that possesses both antioxidative and anti-inflammatory bioactivities would be considered. This review article examines the potential of tocotrienols, a class of Vitamin E compounds with proven superior antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity compared to tocopherols (the other class of Vitamin E compounds), in ameliorating ageing-related cardiovascular diseases and its associated morbidities. In particular, the potential of tocotrienols in improving inflammaging, dyslipidemia and mitochondrial dysfunction in ageing-related cardiovascular diseases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nardev Ramanathan
- Department of R&D, Davos Life Science Pte Ltd, 3 Biopolis Drive, #04-19, Davos, 138623 Singapore
- Department of R&D, Level 8, Menara KLK 1,Jalan Pju 7/6,Mutiara Damansara, 47810, 47800 Petaling Jaya, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Esther Tan
- Disease Modeling and Therapeutics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore, 138673 Singapore
| | - Li Jun Loh
- Disease Modeling and Therapeutics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore, 138673 Singapore
| | - Boon Seng Soh
- Disease Modeling and Therapeutics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore, 138673 Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543 Singapore
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150 China
| | - Wei Ney Yap
- Department of R&D, Davos Life Science Pte Ltd, 3 Biopolis Drive, #04-19, Davos, 138623 Singapore
- Department of R&D, Level 8, Menara KLK 1,Jalan Pju 7/6,Mutiara Damansara, 47810, 47800 Petaling Jaya, Selangor Malaysia
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Ikeda T, Yasaka M, Kida M, Imura M. A survey of reasons for continuing warfarin therapy in the era of direct oral anticoagulants in Japanese patients with atrial fibrillation: the SELECT study. Patient Prefer Adherence 2018; 12:135-143. [PMID: 29398909 PMCID: PMC5775732 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s152584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Although warfarin has historically been the standard of care for preventing ischemic stroke in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF), the use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) is rapidly increasing. In this study, we examined the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients continuing warfarin therapy and investigated reasons for warfarin continuation. PATIENTS AND METHODS Each study site consecutively registered 10 patients with NVAF who had been taking warfarin for at least 12 months. Demographic and clinical characteristics and international normalized ratio (INR) values were collected from medical records. Physicians responded to questionnaires exploring reasons for continuing warfarin therapy. RESULTS Overall, 313 patients treated with warfarin were registered at 33 sites. Mean ± SD age was 76.4±9.6 years; 62.9% of patients were male. The proportion of patients with INR values in the therapeutic range was 74.6% and 48.8% among patients aged ≥70 years and <70 years, respectively. Over half of the patients (51.4%) had been advised to switch from warfarin to DOACs; the primary physician-reported reason for this recommendation was superior safety and effectiveness. However, patients reported continuing warfarin because of the high price of DOACs (47.2%) and long-term positive experiences with warfarin (31.7%). The remaining 48.6% of patients with NVAF had never been counseled by their physicians about DOACs as an alternative to warfarin. For 76% of these patients, physicians favored warfarin for medical reasons, such as impaired renal function and controlled INR, but in the remaining patients, medical reasons for continuing warfarin were lacking. CONCLUSION Approximately half of the patients in this study were informed of warfarin alternatives primarily for improved efficacy and safety, but elected not to change regimens because of the high price of DOACs and long-term positive experiences with warfarin. In the remaining half, physician preference or specific patient characteristics prevented a change in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Ikeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Toho University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo
| | - Masahiro Yasaka
- Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine and Neurology, National Hospital Organization, Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka
| | - Makoto Kida
- Medical & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb KK, Tokyo
| | - Miki Imura
- PIH Medical Affairs, Pfizer Japan Inc, Tokyo, Japan
- Correspondence: Miki Imura, PIH Medical Affairs, Pfizer Japan Inc, Shinjuku Bunka Quint Building, 3-22-7, Yoyogi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-8589, Japan, Tel +81 805 001 3070, Fax +81 35 309 9198, Email
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Wang X, Xu B, Liang H, Jiang S, Tan H, Wang X, Wang X, Yu S, Liu J. Distribution characteristics and factors influencing oral warfarin adherence in patients after heart valve replacement. Patient Prefer Adherence 2018; 12:1641-1648. [PMID: 30214166 PMCID: PMC6126512 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s172223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Oral warfarin anticoagulation is a long-term treatment that is required after heart valve replacement. This treatment can prevent serious complications, such as embolism, thereby increasing patients' postoperative survival rates and quality of life. Patients treated with artificial mechanical heart valve replacement were followed up over the phone at different times after the procedure, which is an effective method for preventing accidents related to postoperative oral warfarin anticoagulation. Our goal was to determine a method for providing theoretical guidance to patients on oral warfarin anticoagulation following heart valve replacement. PATIENTS AND METHODS The participants of this study were patients who received artificial mechanical heart valve replacements and were followed up for 2 years after the procedure. Patient adherence to medical advice was calculated, and the distribution characteristics of adherence to prescribed timing, prescribed dose, and regular clinical follow-up among patients of both sexes and of different ages, regions, and educational levels attained were compared. RESULTS Univariate and multifactorial logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the factors influencing adherence. Our analyses showed that adherence to oral warfarin anticoagulation in patients after heart valve replacement is influenced by sex, age, residential location, and educational attainment. The medication habits of patients can be evaluated accordingly via phone follow-up. As such, dose adjustment recommendations can be provided, significantly increasing the adherence to oral warfarin anticoagulation in patients after heart valve replacement. CONCLUSION Adherence to oral warfarin anticoagulation among patients after heart valve replacement is affected by sex, age, type of residence, and educational level, as well as adherence to clinical follow-up over the phone. The follow-up sessions help establish good doctor-patient communication, which is critical for timely medication guidance, thus shortening medication administration delays and decreasing the overall length of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowu Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China,
| | - Bo Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China,
| | - Hongliang Liang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China,
| | - Shuyun Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China,
| | - Hongmei Tan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China,
| | - Xinrong Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China,
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Health Statistics, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiqiang Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China,
| | - Jincheng Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China,
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Barcellona D, Mastino D, Marongiu F. Portable coagulometer for vitamin K-antagonist monitoring: the patients' point of view. Patient Prefer Adherence 2018; 12:1521-1526. [PMID: 30197503 PMCID: PMC6112808 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s164680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to know the patients' point of view on the monitoring of vitamin K-antagonist (VKA) therapy by means of a point of care testing (POCT), ie, using a portable coagulometer by self-testing at home. At first, patients had prothrombin time (PT) international normalized ratio (INR) monitoring at a thrombosis center; afterward, they were shifted to self-testing at home. An interview was done to evaluate the patients' point of view on the two monitoring periods. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 92 oral anticoagulated patients were enrolled. The questionnaire contained nine questions that elicited a maximum of five closer answers that were arranged in increasing levels of satisfaction: very little, little, enough, much and completely. Percentage of time in therapeutic range (TTR) and adverse events were compared during the two periods of conventional monitoring and self-testing. RESULTS The period of conventional monitoring was shorter than that of self-testing (p<0.0001), and the median TTR was satisfactory but lower than that of self-testing (p<0.0001). A total of 85% of the patients were satisfied with self-testing at home. In all, 83% and 73% (p=0.06) of patients felt comfortable about side effects while measuring the PT INR at both home and the thrombosis center, respectively. During the self-testing period, quality of life was improved in 87% of the patients. The cost of test strips was medium-high for 89% of the patients, and 75% of them stated that it was worth improving their quality of life. A switch from VKA to a direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) was proposed to 24% of the patients, but 68% of them declined because they felt more comfortable monitoring their oral anticoagulant therapy by POCT. CONCLUSION VKA monitoring using POCT at home may play a role in improving the patients' quality of life and may be considered as an alternative to the use of DOAC at least in certain settings of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Barcellona
- Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy,
| | - Diego Mastino
- Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy,
| | - Francesco Marongiu
- Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy,
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Circulating Biomarkers in Heart Failure. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1067:89-108. [PMID: 29392578 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2017_140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Biological markers have served for diagnosis, risk stratification and guided therapy of heart failure (HF). Our knowledge regarding abilities of biomarkers to relate to several pathways of HF pathogenesis and reflect clinical worsening or improvement in the disease is steadily expanding. Although there are numerous clinical guidelines, which clearly diagnosis, prevention and evidence-based treatment of HF, a strategy regarding exclusion of HF, as well as risk stratification of HF, nature evolution of disease is not well established and requires more development. The aim of the chapter is to discuss a role of biomarker-based approaches for more accurate diagnosis, in-depth risk stratification and individual targeting in treatment of patients with HF.
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46
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Mozos I, Malainer C, Horbańczuk J, Gug C, Stoian D, Luca CT, Atanasov AG. Inflammatory Markers for Arterial Stiffness in Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1058. [PMID: 28912780 PMCID: PMC5583158 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Arterial stiffness predicts an increased risk of cardiovascular events. Inflammation plays a major role in large arteries stiffening, related to atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction, smooth muscle cell migration, vascular calcification, increased activity of metalloproteinases, extracellular matrix degradation, oxidative stress, elastolysis, and degradation of collagen. The present paper reviews main mechanisms explaining the crosstalk between inflammation and arterial stiffness and the most common inflammatory markers associated with increased arterial stiffness, considering the most recent clinical and experimental studies. Diverse studies revealed significant correlations between the severity of arterial stiffness and inflammatory markers, such as white blood cell count, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, adhesion molecules, fibrinogen, C-reactive protein, cytokines, microRNAs, and cyclooxygenase-2, in patients with a broad variety of diseases, such as metabolic syndrome, diabetes, coronary heart disease, peripheral arterial disease, malignant and rheumatic disorders, polycystic kidney disease, renal transplant, familial Mediterranean fever, and oral infections, and in women with preeclampsia or after menopause. There is strong evidence that inflammation plays an important and, at least, partly reversible role in the development of arterial stiffness, and inflammatory markers may be useful additional tools in the assessment of the cardiovascular risk in clinical practice. Combined assessment of arterial stiffness and inflammatory markers may improve non-invasive assessment of cardiovascular risk, enabling selection of high-risk patients for prophylactic treatment or more regular medical examination. Development of future destiffening therapies may target pro-inflammatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Mozos
- Department of Functional Sciences, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania.,Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | | | - Jarosław Horbańczuk
- The Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland
| | - Cristina Gug
- Department of Microscopic Morphology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Dana Stoian
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Constantin Tudor Luca
- Department of Cardiology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- The Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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47
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Gardner AW, Montgomery PS, Zhao YD, Ungvari Z, Csiszar A, Sonntag WE. Endothelial Cell Inflammation and Antioxidant Capacity are Associated With 6-Minute Walk Performance in Patients With Symptomatic Peripheral Artery Disease. Angiology 2017; 69:416-423. [PMID: 28835113 DOI: 10.1177/0003319717726934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We determined whether 6-minute walk total distance and pain-free distance were associated with circulating biomarkers of antioxidant capacity and inflammation and with cultured endothelial cell inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in 251 patients with symptomatic peripheral artery disease (PAD). In multivariate analyses, pain-free distance during the 6-minute walk test was negatively associated with dyslipidemia ( P < .001), chronic kidney disease ( P = .004), and transient transfection, nuclear factor κ-Light-Chain-Enhancer of activated B (NF-κB) cultured endothelial cells ( P = .007) and was positively associated with height ( P = .008). Furthermore, total distance walked during the 6-minute walk test was negatively associated with cultured endothelial cell NF-κB ( P < .001), coronary artery disease ( P = .009), and body mass index ( P = .022) and was positively associated with ankle-brachial index ( P < .001), male sex ( P < .001), and hydroxyl radical antioxidant capacity ( P < .001). The 6-minute walk performance in symptomatic patients with PAD was associated with vascular biomarkers, as walking distances were negatively associated with cultured endothelial cell inflammation and positively associated with circulating antioxidant capacity. The clinical implication is that behavioral interventions designed to alleviate endothelial cell inflammation and increase circulating antioxidant capacity, such as exercise and antioxidant intake, may improve ambulation of patients with PAD during submaximal exercise that is typically performed during daily activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Gardner
- 1 Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC), Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,2 Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Polly S Montgomery
- 1 Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC), Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Yan D Zhao
- 3 Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, OUHSC, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- 1 Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC), Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Anna Csiszar
- 1 Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC), Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - William E Sonntag
- 1 Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC), Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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Koretsune Y, Ikeda T, Kozuma K, Hirano T, Yasaka M, Kida M, Chachin M, Imura M. Patient satisfaction after switching from warfarin to apixaban in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: AGAIN study. Patient Prefer Adherence 2017; 11:1987-1996. [PMID: 29290682 PMCID: PMC5735985 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s152579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients treated with warfarin must adhere to frequent monitoring, dietary restrictions, and complicated dose adjustments. Apixaban, a direct factor Xa inhibitor, is an alternative to warfarin that may reduce patient burdens associated with warfarin therapy. However, there is limited evidence pertaining to patient satisfaction with anticoagulant therapies in Japanese patients. The purpose of this observational study was to investigate changes in patient satisfaction after switching from warfarin to apixaban. PATIENTS AND METHODS Nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) patients who were scheduled to switch anticoagulants from warfarin to apixaban were enrolled and treated with apixaban for 12 weeks. Patient satisfaction was assessed before the change in medication and after 12 weeks of treatment with apixaban using the Anti-Clot Treatment Scale (ACTS), a patient-reported instrument for measuring satisfaction with anticoagulation treatment. The ACTS includes a 12-item burden scale (maximum 60 points) and a 3-item benefit scale (maximum 15 points). RESULTS Among 732 NVAF patients enrolled, the full analysis set consisted of 697 patients who completed two ACTS assessments (one before the medication change and one 12 weeks after the change). Mean (±standard deviation) patient age was 76.2±9.1 years and mean CHADS2 score was 2.5±1.3. There were no significant changes in ACTS benefit scores. However, ACTS burden scores showed significant improvements at Week 12 compared to baseline (55.6±5.3 at Week 12 and 49.7±8.7 at baseline; P<0.0001). Factors associated with changes in ACTS burden scores from the multiple logistic regression analysis were age ≥70 years (odds ratio [OR]: 1.86; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12-3.10; P=0.0169), baseline ACTS burden score (OR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.75-0.82; P<0.0001), and use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs/antiplatelet drugs (OR: 0.60; 95% CI: 0.36-1.00; P=0.0499). CONCLUSION Switching from warfarin to apixaban improved patient satisfaction with anticoagulant therapy in Japanese patients with NVAF by reducing burden of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takanori Ikeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo
| | - Ken Kozuma
- Division of Cardiology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Teikyo University, Tokyo
| | - Teruyuki Hirano
- Department of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Kyorin University, Tokyo
| | - Masahiro Yasaka
- Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine and Neurology, National Hospital Organization, Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka
| | - Makoto Kida
- Medical & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb K.K., Tokyo
| | - Motohiko Chachin
- Pfizer Innovative Health Medical Affairs, Pfizer Japan Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miki Imura
- Pfizer Innovative Health Medical Affairs, Pfizer Japan Inc., Tokyo, Japan
- Correspondence: Miki Imura, Pfizer Innovative Health Medical Affairs, Pfizer Japan Inc., 3-22-7 Yoyogi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151 8589, Japan, Tel +81 80 5001 3070, Fax +81 3 5309 9198, Email
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