1
|
Viana JPM, Costa FF, Dias TG, Mendes PM, Copeland GB, Nascimento WS, Mendes SSN, Figueiredo IFS, Fernandes ES, Bocca AL, Maciel MCG. Glucans: A Therapeutic Alternative for Sepsis Treatment. J Immunol Res 2024; 2024:6876247. [PMID: 38939744 PMCID: PMC11208795 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6876247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis treatment is a challenging condition due to its complexity, which involves host inflammatory responses to a severe and potentially fatal infection, associated with organ dysfunction. The aim of this study was to analyze the scientific literature on the immunomodulatory effects of glucans in a murine model of systemic infection induced by cecal ligation and puncture. This study comprises an integrative literature review based on systematic steps, with searches carried out in the PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases. In most studies, the main type of glucan investigated was β-glucan, at 50 mg/kg, and a reduction of inflammatory responses was identified, minimizing the occurrence of tissue damage leading to increased animal survival. Based on the data obtained and discussed in this review, glucans represent a promising biotechnological alternative to modulate the immune response and could potentially be used in the clinical management of septic individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesse P. M. Viana
- Departamento de Biologia CelularInstituto de Ciências BiológicasPrograma de Pós Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Biologia Molecular)Laboratório de Imunologia AplicadaUniversidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Brazil
| | - Fernanda F. Costa
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde e TecnologiaUniversidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Tatielle G. Dias
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da SaúdeUniversidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Priscila M. Mendes
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da SaúdeUniversidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Gabriel B. Copeland
- Laboratório de Imunologia AplicadaUniversidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Brazil
| | | | - Sofia S. N. Mendes
- Laboratório de Imunologia AplicadaUniversidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Brazil
| | - Isabella F. S. Figueiredo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente—Faculdades Pequeno PríncipeInstituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth S. Fernandes
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente—Faculdades Pequeno PríncipeInstituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Anamelia L. Bocca
- Departamento de Biologia CelularInstituto de Ciências BiológicasPrograma de Pós Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Biologia Molecular)Laboratório de Imunologia AplicadaUniversidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Brazil
- Plataforma Bi-Institucional de Pesquisa Translacional—Fiocruz/SP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Márcia C. G. Maciel
- Departamento de Biologia CelularInstituto de Ciências BiológicasPrograma de Pós Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Biologia Molecular)Laboratório de Imunologia AplicadaUniversidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde e TecnologiaUniversidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da SaúdeUniversidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li H, Wu M, Li Z, Zhang Q, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Zhao D, Wang L, Hou Y, Wu T. Effect of supplementation with yeast polysaccharides on intestinal function in piglets infected with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1378070. [PMID: 38655081 PMCID: PMC11035810 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1378070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has caused huge economic losses to the pig industry. Yeast polysaccharides (YP) has been used as a feed additive in recent years and poses good anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects. The present study aimed to explore the protective effect of YP on intestinal damage in PEDV-infected piglets. Eighteen 7-day-old piglets with similar body weights were randomly divided into three groups: Control group (basal diet), PEDV group (basal diet), and PEDV+YP group (basal diet +20 mg/kg BW YP), six replicates per group and one pig per replicate. Piglets in PEDV group and PEDV+YP group were orally given PEDV (dose: 1 × 106 TCID50) at 19:30 PM on the 8th day of the experiment. The control group received the same volume of PBS solution. Weight was taken on an empty stomach in the morning of the 11th day, blood was collected and then anesthetic was administered with pentobarbital sodium (50 mg/kg·BW) by intramuscular injection, and samples were slaughtered after the anesthetic was complete. The results showed that YP could alleviate the destruction of intestinal villus morphology of piglets caused by PEDV. Meanwhile, PEDV infection can reduce the activity of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase, and increase the content of malondialdehyde. YP can improve the antioxidative capacity in the serum and small intestine of PEDV-infected piglets. In addition, YP inhibited the replication of PEDV in the jejunum ileum and colon. Moreover, YP can regulate the mRNA levels of inflammatory genes (IL-1β and iNOS) and lipid metabolic genes (APOA4 and APOC3) in the small intestine. In summary, YP could inhibit virus replicates, improve intestinal morphology, enhance antioxidant capacity, relieve inflammation and regulate the metabolism of the intestine in PEDV-infected piglets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanxiao Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengjun Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhonghua Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaohan Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Di Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongqing Hou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cheng J, Zhang G, Liu L, Luo J, Peng X. Anti-inflammatory activity of β-glucans from different sources before and after fermentation by fecal bacteria in vitro. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:1116-1131. [PMID: 37740718 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND β-Glucans are widely sourced and have various physiological effects, including anti-inflammatory effects. However, the strength of the anti-inflammatory activity of β-glucans from different sources remains unknown due to the lack of rapid and effective biomarkers. This study therefore aimed to screen out the β-glucans with strong anti-inflammatory activity from five different sources and to further screen out possible biomarkers in metabolites after fermenting the β-glucans with gut microorganisms. RESULTS The results showed that all five β-glucans inhibited the production of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pro-inflammatory mediators and suppressed the mRNA expression level of TLR4/MyD88. Their anti-inflammatory mechanisms involved the inhibition of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and suppression of mRNA expression of the NF-κB pathway and JNK pathway. Among them, barley β-glucan exhibited the strongest anti-inflammatory effect, followed by Ganoderma lucidum β-glucan. Enhanced anti-inflammatory activity of β-glucan was found after fermentation and may be related to the increased abundance of metabolites such as vanillin, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, caffeic acid, acetic acid, butyric acid, and lactic acid. They were strongly positively correlated to the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Blautia, suggesting that the production of those metabolites may be responsible for the flourishing of the beneficial bacteria. CONCLUSION In conclusion, barley was a preferred raw material for the preparation of β-glucans with strong anti-inflammatory activity. Vanillin, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, caffeic acid, acetic acid, butyric acid, and lactic acid were the possible biomarkers that could be utilized to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of β-glucans. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cheng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangwen Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liu Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianming Luo
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xichun Peng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Schiavone M, François JM, Zerbib D, Capp JP. Emerging relevance of cell wall components from non-conventional yeasts as functional ingredients for the food and feed industry. Curr Res Food Sci 2023; 7:100603. [PMID: 37840697 PMCID: PMC10568300 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-conventional yeast species, or non-Saccharomyces yeasts, are increasingly recognized for their involvement in fermented foods. Many of them exhibit probiotic characteristics that are mainly due to direct contacts with other cell types through various molecular components of their cell wall. The biochemical composition and/or the molecular structure of the cell wall components are currently considered the primary determinant of their probiotic properties. Here we first present the techniques that are used to extract and analyze the cell wall components of food industry-related non-Saccharomyces yeasts. We then review the current understanding of the cell wall composition and structure of each polysaccharide from these yeasts. Finally, the data exploring the potential beneficial role of their cell wall components, which could be a source of innovative functional ingredients, are discussed. Such research would allow the development of high value-added products and provide the food industry with novel inputs beyond the well-established S. cerevisiae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marion Schiavone
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
- Lallemand SAS, Blagnac, France
| | - Jean M. François
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
- Toulouse White Biotechnology (TWB), UMS INRAE/INSA/CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Didier Zerbib
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Pascal Capp
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Do HJ, Kim YS, Oh TW. Effect of Polycan, a β-Glucan from Aureobasidium pullulans SM-2001, on Inflammatory Response and Intestinal Barrier Function in DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14773. [PMID: 37834221 PMCID: PMC10572787 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC), a subtype of inflammatory bowel disease, is a chronic gastrointestinal inflammatory disease with unclear etiology and pathophysiology. Herein, we determined the effects of extracellular polysaccharides purified from Aureobasidium pullulans SM-2001 (Polycan) on tight junction protein expression, inflammation, and apoptosis in a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced acute colitis model. Fifty mice were divided into normal, DSS, DSS + Polycan 250 mg/kg (Polycan 250), DSS + Polycan 500 mg/kg (Polycan 500), and DSS + 5-aminosalicylic acid 100 mg/kg (5-ASA) groups. Their body weights, colon lengths, histological changes in colon tissue, and tight junction function were observed. Results showed that Polycan 250, Polycan 500, and 5-ASA significantly inhibited body weight loss compared with DSS. Similar to 5-ASA, Polycan 500 exhibited preventive effects on colon length shortening and histological changes in colon tissues. Polycan inhibited the DSS-induced decrease in fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran permeability and myeloperoxidase activity. Moreover, Polycan significantly recovered serum cytokine (e.g., tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β) or mRNA expression in colon tissue compared with DSS. Polycan also inhibited apoptosis by reducing caspase-3 activity and the Bcl-2 associated X/B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) ratio. Additionally, DSS treatment significantly reduced microbial abundance and diversity, but the administration of Polycan reversed this effect. Collectively, Polycan protected intestinal barrier function and inhibited inflammation and apoptosis in DSS-induced colitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ju Do
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea;
| | - Young-Suk Kim
- Glucan Co., Ltd., 25-15, Worasan-ro 950 beon-gil, Munsan-eup, Jinju-si 52840, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea;
| | - Tae Woo Oh
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
- Department of Korean Convergence Medical Science, University of Science & Technology (UST), 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Daejeon 34054, Yuseong-gu, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Di Michele A, Gutiérrez CLP, Pagano C, Beccari T, Ceccarini MR, Luzi F, Puglia D, Tensi L, D'Agosto E, Iborra CAV, Ricci M, Perioli L. Formulation and characterization of sustainable bioadhesive films for wound treatment based on barley β-glucan extract obtained using the high power ultrasonic technique. Int J Pharm 2023; 638:122925. [PMID: 37028573 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
β-glucan is a well-known functional and bioactive food ingredient. Recently, some studies highlighted several interesting pharmacological activities, such as hypocholesterolemic, hypoglycemic, immunomodulatory, antitumor, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. The aim of this study is to evaluate a novel application of β-glucan, obtained from barley, for the development of formulations for skin use. Several water suspensions were obtained from barley flour of different particle sizes treated by high power ultrasonic (HPU) technique. Barley flour fraction in the range of 400-500 μm allowed to obtain a stable suspension, represented both by a water soluble and water insoluble fraction of β-glucans, that showed excellent film forming ability. The plasticizer sorbitol as well as the bioadhesive biopolymer acacia gum were added to this suspension in order to obtain a gel suitable to prepare films by casting. The obtained films demonstrated suitable mechanical properties and ability to stimulate in vitro keratinocytes growth suggesting its possible application in dermatological field as for wound treatment. This study demonstrated the dual use of barley suspension: as excipient and as active ingredient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carmen Laura Pérez Gutiérrez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy; Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Cinzia Pagano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Tommaso Beccari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Luzi
- Department of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning (SIMAU), 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Debora Puglia
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Perugia, UdR INSTM, 05100 Terni, Italy
| | - Leonardo Tensi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Elena D'Agosto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - César Antonio Viseras Iborra
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Maurizio Ricci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Luana Perioli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rousta N, Aslan M, Yesilcimen Akbas M, Ozcan F, Sar T, Taherzadeh MJ. Effects of fungal based bioactive compounds on human health: Review paper. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-24. [PMID: 36794421 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2178379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Since the first years of history, microbial fermentation products such as bread, wine, yogurt and vinegar have always been noteworthy regarding their nutritional and health effects. Similarly, mushrooms have been a valuable food product in point of both nutrition and medicine due to their rich chemical components. Alternatively, filamentous fungi, which can be easier to produce, play an active role in the synthesis of some bioactive compounds, which are also important for health, as well as being rich in protein content. Therefore, this review presents some important bioactive compounds (bioactive peptides, chitin/chitosan, β-glucan, gamma-aminobutyric acid, L-carnitine, ergosterol and fructooligosaccharides) synthesized by fungal strains and their health benefits. In addition, potential probiotic- and prebiotic fungi were researched to determine their effects on gut microbiota. The current uses of fungal based bioactive compounds for cancer treatment were also discussed. The use of fungal strains in the food industry, especially to develop innovative food production, has been seen as promising microorganisms in obtaining healthy and nutritious food.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neda Rousta
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden
| | - Melissa Aslan
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Meltem Yesilcimen Akbas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ferruh Ozcan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Taner Sar
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Deng Q, Zhang L, Liu X, Kang L, Yi J, Ren J, Qu X. COF-based artificial probiotic for modulation of gut microbiota and immune microenvironment in inflammatory bowel disease. Chem Sci 2023; 14:1598-1605. [PMID: 36794177 PMCID: PMC9906670 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04984h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional strategies for treating inflammatory bowel disease merely relieve inflammation and excessive immune response, but fail to solve the underlying causes of IBD, such as disrupted gut microbiota and intestinal barrier. Recently, natural probiotics have shown tremendous potential for the treatment of IBD. However, probiotics are not recommended for IBD patients, as they may cause bacteremia or sepsis. Herein, for the first time, we constructed artificial probiotics (Aprobiotics) based on artificial enzyme-dispersed covalent organic frameworks (COFs) as the "organelle" and a yeast shell as the membrane of the Aprobiotics to manage IBD. The COF-based artificial probiotics, with the function of natural probiotics, could markedly relieve IBD by modulating the gut microbiota, suppressing intestinal inflammation, protecting the intestinal epithelial cells, and regulating immunity. This nature-inspired approach may aid in the design of more artificial systems for the treatment of various incurable diseases, such as multidrug-resistant bacterial infection, cancer, and others.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resources Utilization and Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China .,University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230029 China
| | - Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resources Utilization and Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Xuemeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resources Utilization and Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China .,University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230029 China
| | - Lihua Kang
- Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin UniversityChangchunJilin130061P. R China
| | - Jiadai Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resources Utilization and Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China .,University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230029 China
| | - Jinsong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resources Utilization and Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China .,University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230029 China
| | - Xiaogang Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resources Utilization and Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China .,University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230029 China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
β-glucans obtained from beer spent yeasts as functional food grade additive: Focus on biological activity. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.107963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
10
|
A Novel Macrophage-Activating Gel Improves Healing and Skin Quality After CO2 Laser Resurfacing of the Chest. Dermatol Surg 2022; 48:1312-1316. [PMID: 36449873 PMCID: PMC9719830 DOI: 10.1097/dss.0000000000003622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND After laser resurfacing, it is imperative that an appropriate postoperative regimen is followed for optimal wound healing. There is currently no consensus about which agents should be used. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a novel macrophage-activating gel in a Phase 2B trial to be used after fractionated ablative laser resurfacing of the chest. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-two adults who received fractionated CO2 laser resurfacing of the chest were randomized (active or placebo) for 5 consecutive days after procedure. Skin quality at baseline and follow-up was assessed by a blinded evaluator using the Fitzpatrick-Goldman Wrinkle Scale. Subject satisfaction with skin healing and quality was also assessed. RESULTS At 28 days according to the Fitzpatrick-Goldman Wrinkle Scale, 85% of subjects achieved an improvement of at least 33% for the active group versus 50% in the placebo group (absolute difference 35%; p = .04). Similarly, 75% of subjects achieved an improvement score of at least 33% in elastosis in the active group versus 35% in the placebo group at 28 days (40% absolute difference; p = .011). CONCLUSION This study confirms the potent effects of the novel macrophage-activating gel for optimization of skin healing and quality after laser resurfacing of the chest.
Collapse
|
11
|
Lin B, Huang G. An important polysaccharide from fermentum. Food Chem X 2022; 15:100388. [PMID: 36211774 PMCID: PMC9532711 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Extraction, structure and modification of polysaccharides from fermentum were summarized. Structure-activity relationship and application of polysaccharides from fermentum were reviewed. It provided a strong basis for the development and application of polysaccharides from fermentum.
Fermentum is a common unicellular fungus with many biological activities attributed to β-polysaccharides. Different in vivo and in vivo experimental studies have long proven that fermentum β-polysaccharides have antioxidant, anti-tumor, and fungal toxin adsorption properties. However, there are many uncertainties regarding the relationship between the structure and biological activity of fermentum β-polysaccharides, and a systematic summary of fermentum β-polysaccharides is still lacking. Herein, we reviewed the research progress about the extraction, structure and modification, structure–activity relationship, activity and application of fermentum β-polysaccharides, compared the extraction methods of fermentum β-polysaccharide, and paid special attention to the structure–activity relationship and application of fermentum β-polysaccharide, which provided a strong basis for the development and application of fermentum β-polysaccharide.
Collapse
|
12
|
Upadhyay TK, Trivedi R, Khan F, Al-Keridis LA, Pandey P, Sharangi AB, Alshammari N, Abdullah NM, Yadav DK, Saeed M. In vitro elucidation of antioxidant, antiproliferative, and apoptotic potential of yeast-derived β-1,3-glucan particles against cervical cancer cells. Front Oncol 2022; 12:942075. [PMID: 36059639 PMCID: PMC9436396 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.942075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of mortality worldwide and in particular is the fourth most common cause of mortality in women every year. Conventional treatments for cancer are chemotherapy and radiation therapy, which have various kinds of side effects. Hence, there is a high need to develop alternative, efficient, and safer therapies for cancer treatment. β-Glucan, a novel polysaccharide isolated from baker’s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, shows noteworthy cytotoxicity toward a variety of cancer cell lines in vitro. In this research, we characterized the β-glucan with high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis and found that d-glucose units with β-1,3 links are the major component of the extracted β-glucan particles. Fourier transform IR (FTIR) analysis confirmed a β-(1→3)-linked glucan structure. In vitro cell cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT with IC50 136 μg/ml, and therapeutic potential was assessed by various assays using values below and above the IC50. A significant reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation at 50–150 μg/ml of concentrations indicated the apoptosis of cervical cancer cells. Along with ROS generation, these concentrations were also found to induce morphological changes such as fragmentation in DNA upon staining HeLa cells with DAPI. Mitochondrial membrane potential was significantly reduced after increasing the dose of treatment, assessed with the help of MitoTracker dye. Hence, by all these experimental supports, we observed that β-glucan has the potential to slow down the growth of cervical cancer cells, and it can be further investigated for unfolding its complete anticancer potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Kumar Upadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences and Centre of Research for Development, Parul University, Vadodara, India
- *Correspondence: Mohd Saeed, ; Dharmendra Kumar Yadav, ; Tarun Kumar Upadhyay, ; Lamya Ahmed Al-Keridis,
| | - Rashmi Trivedi
- Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences and Centre of Research for Development, Parul University, Vadodara, India
| | - Fahad Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida, India
| | - Lamya Ahmed Al-Keridis
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Mohd Saeed, ; Dharmendra Kumar Yadav, ; Tarun Kumar Upadhyay, ; Lamya Ahmed Al-Keridis,
| | - Pratibha Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida, India
| | - Amit Baran Sharangi
- Department of Plantation, Spices, Medicinal and Aromatic Crops, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya (BCKV)-Agricultural University, Mohanpur, India
| | - Nawaf Alshammari
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadiya M. Abdullah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Yadav
- Department of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Mohd Saeed, ; Dharmendra Kumar Yadav, ; Tarun Kumar Upadhyay, ; Lamya Ahmed Al-Keridis,
| | - Mohd Saeed
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Mohd Saeed, ; Dharmendra Kumar Yadav, ; Tarun Kumar Upadhyay, ; Lamya Ahmed Al-Keridis,
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Olmo R, Wetzels SU, Armanhi JSL, Arruda P, Berg G, Cernava T, Cotter PD, Araujo SC, de Souza RSC, Ferrocino I, Frisvad JC, Georgalaki M, Hansen HH, Kazou M, Kiran GS, Kostic T, Krauss-Etschmann S, Kriaa A, Lange L, Maguin E, Mitter B, Nielsen MO, Olivares M, Quijada NM, Romaní-Pérez M, Sanz Y, Schloter M, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Seaton SC, Selvin J, Sessitsch A, Wang M, Zwirzitz B, Selberherr E, Wagner M. Microbiome Research as an Effective Driver of Success Stories in Agrifood Systems – A Selection of Case Studies. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:834622. [PMID: 35903477 PMCID: PMC9315449 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.834622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing knowledge of the microbiome has led to significant advancements in the agrifood system. Case studies based on microbiome applications have been reported worldwide and, in this review, we have selected 14 success stories that showcase the importance of microbiome research in advancing the agrifood system. The selected case studies describe products, methodologies, applications, tools, and processes that created an economic and societal impact. Additionally, they cover a broad range of fields within the agrifood chain: the management of diseases and putative pathogens; the use of microorganism as soil fertilizers and plant strengtheners; the investigation of the microbial dynamics occurring during food fermentation; the presence of microorganisms and/or genes associated with hazards for animal and human health (e.g., mycotoxins, spoilage agents, or pathogens) in feeds, foods, and their processing environments; applications to improve HACCP systems; and the identification of novel probiotics and prebiotics to improve the animal gut microbiome or to prevent chronic non-communicable diseases in humans (e.g., obesity complications). The microbiomes of soil, plants, and animals are pivotal for ensuring human and environmental health and this review highlights the impact that microbiome applications have with this regard.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Olmo
- FFoQSI GmbH - Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Tulln, Austria
- Unit of Food Microbiology, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Rocío Olmo,
| | - Stefanie Urimare Wetzels
- FFoQSI GmbH - Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Tulln, Austria
- Unit of Food Microbiology, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jaderson Silveira Leite Armanhi
- Symbiomics Microbiome Solutions, Florianópolis, Brazil
- Genomics for Climate Change Research Center, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Paulo Arruda
- Genomics for Climate Change Research Center, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Gabriele Berg
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Potsdam, Germany
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Tomislav Cernava
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Paul D. Cotter
- Food Bioscience, Teagasc Food Research Centre Moorepark, Fermoy, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland and VistaMilk, Cork, Ireland
| | - Solon Cordeiro Araujo
- SCA, Consultoria em Microbiologia Agrícola, Campinas, Brazil
- Brazil National Association of Inoculant Producers and Importers (ANPII), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Rafael Soares Correa de Souza
- Symbiomics Microbiome Solutions, Florianópolis, Brazil
- Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Ilario Ferrocino
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Science, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Jens C. Frisvad
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Marina Georgalaki
- Laboratory of Dairy Research, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Hanne Helene Hansen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Maria Kazou
- Laboratory of Dairy Research, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Tanja Kostic
- Bioresources Unit, Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Tulln, Austria
| | - Susanne Krauss-Etschmann
- Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Aicha Kriaa
- Microbiota Interaction With Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Lene Lange
- BioEconomy, Research & Advisory, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emmanuelle Maguin
- Microbiota Interaction With Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Birgit Mitter
- Bioresources Unit, Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Tulln, Austria
| | - Mette Olaf Nielsen
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Marta Olivares
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition and Health Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Narciso Martín Quijada
- FFoQSI GmbH - Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Tulln, Austria
- Unit of Food Microbiology, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marina Romaní-Pérez
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition and Health Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Yolanda Sanz
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition and Health Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Michael Schloter
- Research Unit Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Joseph Selvin
- School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Angela Sessitsch
- Bioresources Unit, Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Tulln, Austria
| | - Mengcen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Benjamin Zwirzitz
- Institute of Food Science, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Evelyne Selberherr
- Unit of Food Microbiology, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Wagner
- FFoQSI GmbH - Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Tulln, Austria
- Unit of Food Microbiology, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Extracellular polysaccharides purified (Polycan) from Aureobasidium pullulans SM‑2001 improves pathophysiology of dystrophin-deficient mdx mice. Mol Cell Toxicol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-022-00245-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a hereditary muscular disease involving degeneration (i.e. atrophy and loss of muscle fibres) of skeletal muscles, including the diaphragm, and progressively severe functional decline. A previous study shows Polycan, a type of β-glucan derived from the black yeast Aureobasidium pullulans (SM-2001), promotes osteogenicity and bone loss, and possesses anti-inflammatory activity to induce inflammatory cytokines in human immune and cancer cells.
Objective
In this study, we evaluated changes in exercise load behaviour measurements and changes in muscle-related physiological indicators following oral administration of Polycan in mdx mice, an experimental animal model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
Result
In mdx mice, Polycan prevented weight loss and thickness of skeletal muscle. In addition, by monitoring increases in running time of mice on treadmills and performing a grip strength test, we confirmed reduced muscle function was recovered to some extent after administering Polycan to mdx mice. In addition, we confirmed that Polycan significantly altered mRNA expression in a concentration-dependent manner, whereby myogenic transcription factors (MyoD, Myf5 and Myogenin) increased and FoxO3α, MuRF1 and Atrogin-1 decreased. We aimed to investigate the mechanism of action in Polycan on energy metabolism of p-AMPK, SIRT1 and PGC1α with apoptosis expression levels as factors related to signalling pathways. Expression ratios of cleaved-caspase-3/caspase-3 and Bax/Bcl-2 in the Polycan extract-administered group increased compared with the control group.
Conclusion
These results demonstrate that Polycan can improve and protect muscle atrophy by preventing apoptosis via pathway regulation related to myogenic transcription factors and energy metabolism in mdx mice.
Collapse
|
15
|
Functionality of Yeast β-Glucan Recovered from Kluyveromyces marxianus by Alkaline and Enzymatic Processes. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14081582. [PMID: 35458332 PMCID: PMC9025640 DOI: 10.3390/polym14081582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Glucan (BG), one of the most abundant polysaccharides containing glucose monomers linked by β-glycosidic linkages, is prevalent in yeast biomass that needs to be recovered to obtain this valuable polymer. This study aimed to apply alkaline and enzymatic processes for the recovery of BG from the yeast strain Kluyveromyces marxianus TISTR 5925. For this purpose, the yeast was cultivated to produce the maximum yield of raw material (yeast cells). The effective recovery of BG was then established using either an alkaline or an enzymatic process. BG recovery of 35.45% was obtained by using 1 M NaOH at 90 °C for 1 h, and of 81.15% from 1% (w/v) hydrolytic protease enzyme at 55 °C for 5 h. However, BG recovered by the alkaline process was purer than that obtained by the enzymatic process. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy confirmed the purity, the functional groups, and the linkages of BG obtained from different recovery systems and different raw materials. The results of this study suggest that an alkaline process could be an effective approach for the solubilization and recovery of considerable purity of BG from the yeast cells. In addition, the obtained BG had comparable functional properties with commercially available BG. This study reveals the effectiveness of both chemical and biological recovery of BG obtained from yeast as a potential polymeric material.
Collapse
|
16
|
Effect of preparation methods on physiochemical and functional properties of yeast β-glucan. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
17
|
A Simple and Efficient Mechanical Cell Disruption Method Using Glass Beads to Extract β-Glucans from Spent Brewer’s Yeast. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12020648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
β-glucan extraction from spent brewer’s yeast is a long process that starts with the lysis of yeast cells, this step lasting up to 36 h and can be disadvantageous when working on a small scale. In this study, a rapid cell rupture method was selected for the lysis of spent brewer’s yeast to obtain β-glucans. Optimal parameters were determined for the lysis of a cellular suspension of spent brewer’s yeast by vortexing with glass beads. Thus, parameters such as the number of 10 min vortex cycles from 1 to 3, the concentration of cell suspension (5, 10, and 15%), and the ratio of yeast/glass beads (1:1, 1:2, and 1:3) were varied in a Box-Behnken design. A cell lysis mechanism using glass beads allows the cell to rupture and permits the removal of intracellular content. An increase in yeast suspension concentration decreased the disruption efficiency, while a proportional increase was observed with the yeast/glass beads ratio and the increasing number of vortexing cycles. The optimal parameters for cell lysis were found to be a cell suspension concentration of 5%, a ratio of yeast/glass beads of 1:2, and a vortexing cycle of 3, with a disruption efficiency of 99.8%. The β-glucan fraction extracted from the optimal sample showed characteristic absorption bands at 1370.77 and 1153.92 cm−1, the content of β-glucan being 78.53%.
Collapse
|
18
|
Canaan MM, Reis-Canaan JC, Zangerônimo MG, Andrade EF, Gonçalves TMSV, Pereira MCA, Lima RR, Pardi V, Murata RM, Pereira LJ. Yeast Beta-Glucans Ingestion Does Not Influence Body Weight: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Pre-Clinical Studies. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124250. [PMID: 34959802 PMCID: PMC8707765 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary fiber supplementation has been studied as a promising strategy in the treatment of obesity and its comorbidities. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to verify whether the consumption of yeast beta-glucan (BG) favors weight loss in obese and non-obese rodents. The PICO strategy was employed, investigating rodents (Population), subjected to the oral administration of yeast BG (Intervention) compared to animals receiving placebo (Comparison), evaluating body weight changes (Outcome), and based on preclinical studies (Study design). Two reviewers searched six databases and the grey literature. We followed the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, and the protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021267788). The search returned 2467 articles. Thirty articles were selected for full-text evaluation, and seven studies remained based on the eligibility criteria. The effects of BG intake on body weight were analyzed based on obese (n = 4 studies) and non-obese animals (n = 4 studies). Even though most studies on obese rodents (75%) indicated a reduction in body weight (qualitative analysis), the meta-analysis showed this was not significant (mean difference −1.35 g—95% CI −5.14:2.45). No effects were also observed for non-obese animals. We concluded that the ingestion of yeast BG barely affects the body weight of obese and non-obese animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo M. Canaan
- Health Sciences Department, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras BR-37200-000, Brazil; (M.M.C.); (J.C.R.-C.); (E.F.A.)
| | - Juliana C. Reis-Canaan
- Health Sciences Department, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras BR-37200-000, Brazil; (M.M.C.); (J.C.R.-C.); (E.F.A.)
| | - Márcio G. Zangerônimo
- Veterinary Science Department, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras BR-37200-000, Brazil;
| | - Eric F. Andrade
- Health Sciences Department, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras BR-37200-000, Brazil; (M.M.C.); (J.C.R.-C.); (E.F.A.)
- Agrarian Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Unaí BR-38610-000, Brazil
| | - Thais M. S. V. Gonçalves
- Dentistry Department, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis BR-88040-900, Brazil;
| | - Michel C. A. Pereira
- Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras BR-37200-000, Brazil;
| | - Renato R. Lima
- Department of Statistics, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras BR-37200-000, Brazil;
| | - Vanessa Pardi
- Department of Foundational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, East Carolina University (ECU), Greenville, NC 27834, USA;
| | - Ramiro M. Murata
- Department of Foundational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, East Carolina University (ECU), Greenville, NC 27834, USA;
- Correspondence: (R.M.M.); (L.J.P.); Tel.: +1-252-737-6960 (R.M.M.); +55-35-3829-5211 (L.J.P.)
| | - Luciano J. Pereira
- Health Sciences Department, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras BR-37200-000, Brazil; (M.M.C.); (J.C.R.-C.); (E.F.A.)
- Correspondence: (R.M.M.); (L.J.P.); Tel.: +1-252-737-6960 (R.M.M.); +55-35-3829-5211 (L.J.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ikewaki N, Dedeepiya VD, Raghavan K, Rao KS, Vaddi S, Osawa H, Kisaka T, Kurosawa G, Srinivasan S, Kumar SRB, Senthilkumar R, Iwasaki M, Preethy S, Abraham SJK. β‑glucan vaccine adjuvant approach for cancer treatment through immune enhancement (B‑VACCIEN) in specific immunocompromised populations (Review). Oncol Rep 2021; 47:14. [PMID: 34779494 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of cancer, which is the second leading cause of mortality globally, continues to increase, although continued efforts are being made to identify effective treatments with fewer side‑effects. Previous studies have reported that chronic microinflammation, which occurs in diseases, including diabetes, along with weakened immune systems, may ultimately lead to cancer development. Chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery are the mainstream approaches to treatment; however, they all lead to immune system weakness, which in turn increases the metastatic spread. The aim of the present review was to provide evidence of a biological response modifier β‑glucan [β‑glucan vaccine adjuvant approach to treating cancer via immune enhancement (B‑VACCIEN)] and its beneficial effects, including vaccine‑adjuvant potential, balancing metabolic parameters (including blood glucose and lipid levels), increasing peripheral blood cell cytotoxicity against cancer and alleviating chemotherapy side effects in animal models. This suggests its value as a potential strategy to provide long‑term prophylaxis in immunocompromised individuals or genetically prone to cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nobunao Ikewaki
- Department of Medical Life Science, Kyushu University of Health and Welfare, Nobeoka, Miyazaki 882‑8508, Japan
| | | | - Kadalraja Raghavan
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Kenmax Medical Service Private Limited, Tallakulam, Madurai 625002, India
| | - Kosagi-Sharaf Rao
- Institute of Scientific Research and High Technology Services of Panama (INDICASAT‑AIP), Clayton 88888, Republic of Panama
| | - Suryaprakash Vaddi
- Department of Urology, Yashoda Hospitals, Hyderabad, Telangana 50008, India
| | - Hiroshi Osawa
- Clinical Services Department, Omote Medical Clinic, Chiba 296‑8602, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Kisaka
- Division of Biodesign, Office of Research and Academic‑Government‑Community Collaboration, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739‑8511, Japan
| | - Gene Kurosawa
- Department of Academic Research Support Promotion Facility, Center for Research Promotion and Support, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470‑1192, Japan
| | - Subramaniam Srinivasan
- The Mary‑Yoshio Translational Hexagon (MYTH), Nichi‑In Centre for Regenerative Medicine (NCRM), Chennai 600034, India
| | | | - Rajappa Senthilkumar
- The Fujio‑Eiji Academic Terrain (FEAT), Nichi‑In Centre for Regenerative Medicine (NCRM), Chennai 600034, India
| | - Masaru Iwasaki
- Centre for Advancing Clinical Research (CACR), University of Yamanashi‑ School of Medicine, Chuo, Yamanashi 409‑3898, Japan
| | - Senthilkumar Preethy
- The Fujio‑Eiji Academic Terrain (FEAT), Nichi‑In Centre for Regenerative Medicine (NCRM), Chennai 600034, India
| | - Samuel J K Abraham
- The Mary‑Yoshio Translational Hexagon (MYTH), Nichi‑In Centre for Regenerative Medicine (NCRM), Chennai 600034, India
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Rehman S, Gora AH, Siriyappagouder P, Brugman S, Fernandes JMO, Dias J, Kiron V. Zebrafish intestinal transcriptome highlights subdued inflammatory responses to dietary soya bean and efficacy of yeast β-glucan. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2021; 44:1619-1637. [PMID: 34237181 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Anti-nutritional factors in dietary components can have a negative impact on the intestinal barrier. Here, we present soya bean-induced changes in the intestine of juvenile zebrafish and the effect of yeast β-glucan through a transcriptomic approach. The inclusion of soya bean meal affected the expression of several intestinal barrier function-related genes like arl4ca, rab25b, rhoub, muc5ac, muc5d, clcn2c and cltb in zebrafish. Several metabolic genes like cyp2x10.2, cyp2aa2, aldh3a2b, crata, elovl4, elovl6, slc51a, gpat2 and ATP-dependent peptidase activity (lonrf, clpxb) were altered in the intestinal tissue. The expression of immune-related genes like nlrc3, nlrp12, gimap8, prdm1 and tph1a, and genes related to cell cycle, DNA damage and DNA repair (e.g. spo11, rad21l1, nabp1b, spata22, tdrd9) were also affected in the soya bean fed group. Furthermore, our study suggests the plausible effect of yeast β-glucan through the modulation of several genes that regulate immune responses and barrier integrity. Our findings indicate a subdued inflammation in juvenile zebrafish fed soya bean meal and the efficacy of β-glucan to counter these subtle inflammatory responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saima Rehman
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | - Adnan H Gora
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | | | - Sylvia Brugman
- Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Viswanath Kiron
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yu C, Chen H, Du D, Lv W, Li S, Li D, Xu Z, Gao M, Hu H, Liu D. β-Glucan from Saccharomyces cerevisiae alleviates oxidative stress in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells via Dectin-1/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Cell Stress Chaperones 2021; 26:629-637. [PMID: 33880723 PMCID: PMC8275741 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-021-01205-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Glucan from Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been described to be effective antioxidants, but the specific antioxidation mechanism of β-glucan is unclear. The objectives of this research were to determine whether the β-glucan from Saccharomyces cerevisiae could regulate oxidative stress through the Dectin-1/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. In this study, we examined the effects of β-glucan on the enzyme activity or production of oxidative stress indicators in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells by biochemical analysis and the protein expression of key factors of Dectin-1/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway by immunofluorescence and western blot. The biochemical analysis results showed that β-glucan increased the LPS-induced downregulation of enzyme activity of intracellular heme oxygenase (HO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) while decreasing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Furthermore, immunofluorescence results showed that β-glucan can activate the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). The antioxidant mechanism study indicated that β-glucan activated dendritic-cell-associated C-type lectin 1 (Dectin-1) receptors mediated Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, thereby downregulating the production of ROS and thus produced the antioxidant effects in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. In conclusion, these results indicate that β-glucan potently alleviated oxidative stress via Dectin-1/Nrf2/HO-1 in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunwei Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Donghua Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Wenting Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Songjian Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Dongfang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Zixuan Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Min Gao
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Honglian Hu
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Dacheng Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Choi JH, Lee HJ, Park SE, Kim S, Seo KS, Kim KM. Cytotoxicity, metabolic enzyme inhibitory, and anti-inflammatory effect of Lentinula edodes fermented using probiotic lactobacteria. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13838. [PMID: 34212412 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We found that the fermented Lentinula edodes (FLE) products exhibited various differences in terms of proximate composition, free sugar, and amino acid. In particular, there were higher levels of ergosterol, and ergothioneine in FLE-Pediococcus pentosaceus (PP) and -Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA) than in the L. edodes (LE) products. The survival rates of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains on artificial gastric juice, artificial bile, or heat (50-60°C) were observed to vary from 60%-66%, 60%-66%, to 42%-79%, respectively. The FLE products up to 300 μg/ml had no cytotoxicity on RAW264.7, AGS, and RBL-2H3 cells, but inhibited the activities of α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and pancreatic lipase, as well as the production of nitrite, IL-1β, IL-4, TNF-α, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response. Our findings suggest that FLE products have metabolic enzyme inhibitory and anti-inflammatory effects. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Fermentation plays a critical role in improving the functional and nutritional properties of food. In addition, lactobacteria are the main microorganisms involved in the fermentation of food known to have a variety of biological activities. Therefore, the utilization of lactobacteria for research and development of mushroom food materials can be used as a key strategy to improve the biological activity characteristics of mushroom food materials and to increase their active ingredient content. The present results show that FLE products had promising inhibitory efficacies against the activities of obesity-related metabolic enzymes and LPS-induced inflammatory response. These suggest that FLE products have the potential to be developed as functional probiotic dietary supplements or food products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hui Choi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gwangju University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jeong Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gwangju University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Eun Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gwangju University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gwangju University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Sun Seo
- Jangheung County Mushroom Research Institute, Jangheung, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Man Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gwangju University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Long S, He T, Kim SW, Shang Q, Kiros T, Mahfuz SU, Wang C, Piao X. Live Yeast or Live Yeast Combined with Zinc Oxide Enhanced Growth Performance, Antioxidative Capacity, Immunoglobulins and Gut Health in Nursery Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061626. [PMID: 34072877 PMCID: PMC8228624 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary LY or LY combined with ZnO supplementation on performance and gut health in nursery pigs. 192 Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire piglets (weaned on d 32 of the age with 9.2 ± 1.7 kg BW) were allocated into four treatments with eight replicate pens, six piglets per pen. The treatments included a basal diet as control (CTR), an antibiotic plus ZnO diet (CTC-ZnO, basal diet + 75 mg/kg of chlortetracycline + ZnO (2000 mg/kg from d 1 to 14, 160 mg/kg from d 15 to 28)), a LY diet (LY, basal diet + 2 g/kg LY), and a LY plus ZnO diet (LY-ZnO, basal diet + 1 g/kg LY + ZnO). The results showed that pigs fed LY or LY-ZnO had increased (p < 0.05) average daily gain, serum IgA, IgG, superoxide dismutase, fecal butyric acid, and total volatile fatty acid concentrations, as well as decreased (p < 0.05) feed conversion ratio and diarrhea rate compared with CTR. In conclusion, pigs fed diets with LY or LY combined with ZnO had similar improvement to the use of antibiotics and ZnO in performance, antioxidant status, immunoglobulins, and gut health in nursery pigs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shenfei Long
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (S.L.); (T.H.); (Q.S.); (C.W.)
| | - Tengfei He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (S.L.); (T.H.); (Q.S.); (C.W.)
| | - Sung Woo Kim
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
| | - Qinghui Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (S.L.); (T.H.); (Q.S.); (C.W.)
| | - Tadele Kiros
- Phileo by Lesaffre, 137 Rue Gabriel Péri, 59700 Marcq en Baroeul, France;
| | - Shad Uddin Mahfuz
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh;
| | - Chunlin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (S.L.); (T.H.); (Q.S.); (C.W.)
| | - Xiangshu Piao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (S.L.); (T.H.); (Q.S.); (C.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-6273-3588; Fax: +86-10-6273-3688
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Morales D, Shetty SA, López-Plaza B, Gómez-Candela C, Smidt H, Marín FR, Soler-Rivas C. Modulation of human intestinal microbiota in a clinical trial by consumption of a β-D-glucan-enriched extract obtained from Lentinula edodes. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:3249-3265. [PMID: 33580297 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02504-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the hypocholesterolemic, immune- and microbiota-modulatory effect of a mushroom extract in hypercholesterolemic subjects. METHODS A randomized, controlled, double-blind, and parallel clinical trial was carried out with subjects from 18 to 65 years old (n = 52) with untreated mild hypercholesterolemia. Volunteers consumed a β-D-glucan-enriched (BGE) mixture (10.4 g/day) obtained from shiitake mushrooms (Lentinula edodes) ensuring a 3.5 g/day of fungal β-D-glucans or a placebo incorporated in three different commercial creams. RESULTS This mixture showed hypocholesterolemic activities in vitro and in animal studies. After eight weeks intervention, no significant differences in lipid- or cholesterol-related parameters were found compared to placebo subjects as well as before and after the BGE mixture administration. No inflammatory or immunomodulatory responses were noticed and no changes in IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α or oxLDL were recorded. However, consumption of the BGE mixture was safe and managed to achieve the dietary fibre intake recommended as cardiovascular protective diet. Moreover, the BGE mixture modulated the colonic microbiota differently compared to placebo. Microbial community composition varied from before to after the intervention with several genera being positively or negatively correlated with some biomarkers related to cholesterol metabolism. CONCLUSION These results suggested a relation between cholesterol metabolism, microbiota and BGE administration. Nevertheless, the precise significance of this differential modulation was not fully elucidated and requires further studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Morales
- Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, Institute of Food Science Research - CIAL (UAM+CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Nicolas Cabrera 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sudarshan A Shetty
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bricia López-Plaza
- Nutrition Research Group, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Gómez-Candela
- Nutrition Research Group, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hauke Smidt
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Francisco Ramón Marín
- Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, Institute of Food Science Research - CIAL (UAM+CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Nicolas Cabrera 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Soler-Rivas
- Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, Institute of Food Science Research - CIAL (UAM+CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Nicolas Cabrera 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Hosseini M, Sharifan A. Biological Properties of Yeast-based Mannoprotein for Prospective Biomedical Applications. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2020; 24:831-840. [PMID: 32819224 DOI: 10.2174/1386207323999200818162030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural products constitute more than half of all biomolecules lately being used in clinical settings. Mannoprotein derived from the yeast cell wall has found full biotechnological applications. OBJECTIVE This study was intended to investigate the antioxidant, anticancer, and toxicological properties of Kluyveromyces marxianus mannoprotein (KM). METHODS The KM extract was obtained through a sequence of operations, including centrifugation for cell isolation, precipitation with potassium citrate/sodium metabisulfite, and recovery and purification. Its antioxidant, growth inhibition, macrophage mitogenic, and toxic activities were evaluated for its future use in the biomedical field. RESULTS Significant inhibitory effects of KM were obtained on reactive species. It showed antiproliferative activity against HeLa (human cervical adenocarcinoma) and MCF-7 (human breast cancer) cell lines with no toxic effects on HUVECs (human umbilical vein endothelial cells). The in vitro model of CHO-K1 (Chinese hamster ovary) cell lines did not show the cytotoxic and genotoxic of KM. Moreover, it enhanced macrophage activity in terms of nitric oxide (NO) production and viability. No sign of acute toxicity was found in BALB/c mice, and body weight remained unchanged in guinea pigs over three months. CONCLUSION Comprehensive biological evaluations in this study are expected to expand the potential of KM as a natural material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Motaharesadat Hosseini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran; Currently at Diagnostic and Therapeutic Industrial Group, Khayyam Innovation Ecosystem, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Anoosheh Sharifan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Yuan H, Lan P, He Y, Li C, Ma X. Effect of the Modifications on the Physicochemical and Biological Properties of β-Glucan-A Critical Review. Molecules 2019; 25:E57. [PMID: 31877995 PMCID: PMC6983044 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Glucan exhibits many biological activities and functions such as stimulation of the immune system and anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-infective, anti-viral, anti-tumor, anti-oxidant, anti-coagulant, cholesterol-lowering, radio protective, and wound healing effects. It has a wide variety of uses in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and chemical industries as well as in food processing units. However, due to its dense triple helix structure, formed by the interaction of polyhydroxy groups in the β-d-glucan molecule, it features poor solubility, which not only constrains its applications, but also inhibits its physiological function in vivo. One aim is to expand the applications for modified β-glucan with potential to prevent disease, various therapeutic purposes and as health-improving ingredients in functional foods and cosmetics. This review introduces the major modification methods required to understand the bioactivity of β-glucan and critically provides a literature survey on the structural features of this molecule and reported biological activity. We also discuss a new method to create novel opportunities to exploit maximally various properties of β-glucan, namely ultrasound-assisted enzymatic modification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Yuan
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China; (H.Y.); (Y.H.)
| | - Ping Lan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Polysaccharide Materials and Modification, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530008, China;
| | - Yan He
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China; (H.Y.); (Y.H.)
| | - Chengliang Li
- LB Cosmeceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201499, China;
| | - Xia Ma
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China; (H.Y.); (Y.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Błaszczyk K, Gajewska M, Wilczak J, Kamola D, Majewska A, Harasym J, Gromadzka-Ostrowska J. Oral administration of oat beta-glucan preparations of different molecular weight results in regulation of genes connected with immune response in peripheral blood of rats with LPS-induced enteritis. Eur J Nutr 2018; 58:2859-2873. [PMID: 30284595 PMCID: PMC6769091 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1838-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Beta-glucans are biologically active polysaccharides having antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and antiinflammatory properties. This study investigated the transcriptomic profile in peripheral blood of rats with LPS-induced enteritis, which were fed a diet supplemented with high- (G1) and low- (G2) molecular-weight oat beta-glucans. Methods Two-color rat gene expression microarrays were applied and the analysis was performed using a common reference design to provide easy means of comparing samples from various experimental conditions against one another. Common reference sample was labeled with cyanine 3 (Cy3) and investigated samples from each experimental group: C-G0 (control group fed semi-synthetic diet), LPS-G0 (LPS-challenged group fed semi-synthetic diet), LPS-G1 (LPS-challenged group fed G1 beta-glucan enriched diet), and LPS-G2 (LPS-challenged group fed G2 beta-glucan enriched diet) were labeled with cyanine 5 (Cy5). Each microarray was performed in quadruplicate. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD post-hoc test (p < 0.05). A multiple testing correction was performed using Benjamini and Hochberg False Discovery Rate < 5%. A quantitative real-time RT-PCR was performed to verify the expression of chosen transcripts. Results The microarray analyses revealed differentially expressed transcripts between: the LPS-G0 and the control groups: C-G0 (138 genes), the LPS-G1 and LPS-G0 groups (533 genes), and the LPS-G2 and LPS-G0 groups (97 genes). Several differentially expressed genes in the beta-glucan-supplemented groups encoded proteins belonging to TLR and NLR signaling pathways, as well as prostaglandin synthesis and regulation pathways. Both beta-glucans up-regulated the expression of Atg10, which belongs to the family of autophagy-related genes, suggesting a possible link between autophagy induction and beta-glucan supplementation. Conclusion The changes in gene expression observed in the peripheral blood indicate that oat beta-glucans exerted a protective effect in rats with an induced inflammatory state caused by LPS challenge. The greater number of differentially expressed genes was observed in group supplemented with G1 beta-glucan, pointing at the differences in the mode of action of high- and low-molecular-weight beta-glucans in the organism. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00394-018-1838-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Błaszczyk
- Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Gajewska
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-787, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Jacek Wilczak
- Dietetics Division, Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-787, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Kamola
- Dietetics Division, Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-787, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alicja Majewska
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-787, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Harasym
- BIO-REF@LAB, Department of Biotechnology and Food Analysis, Faculty of Engineering and Economics, Wrocław University of Economics, Komandorska 118/120, 53-345, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Joanna Gromadzka-Ostrowska
- Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Bzducha-Wróbel A, Pobiega K, Błażejak S, Kieliszek M. The scale-up cultivation of Candida utilis in waste potato juice water with glycerol affects biomass and β(1,3)/(1,6)-glucan characteristic and yield. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:9131-9145. [PMID: 30215128 PMCID: PMC6208972 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9357-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
New ideas on production of yeast origin β-glucan preparations for industrial application are attracting interest considering market development of that high-value functional polysaccharide. Sellecting an efficient yeast producer and designing culture conditions are a prerequisite for obtaining high yield of β-glucan. The aim of this study was to describe at the first time the influence of the mode of cultivation (shake-flasks and batch fermentation) and time of culture on characteristic and yield of biomass and β(1,3)/(1,6)-glucan preparations of Candida utilis ATCC 9950 after cultivation in medium based on waste potato juice water supplemented with 10% of glycerol. After shake-flask culture, the biomass was characterized by higher protein content (app. 26.5%) compared to 19% after batch fermentation while the cultivation on a biofermentor scale promoted polysaccharides biosynthesis. The highest output of purified β(1,3)/(1,6)-glucan preparation (5.3 gd.w./L), containing app. 85% of that polysaccharide, was found after 48 h cultivation in biofermentor. Batch fermentation promoted biosynthesis of alkali-insoluble β(1,3)/(1,6)-glucan fraction, decreasing the content of β(1,6)-glucan. The yield of β(1,3)/(1,6)-glucan synthesis was 0.063 (g/g glycerol), while the productivity of that polysaccharide reached 0.094 (g/L/h). Longer batch fermentation (72 h) resulted in reduction of production efficiency of β-glucan preparation under studied conditions. The results of the study provide a new efficient biotechnological solution to produce high-value β-glucan preparations of C. utilis origin based on valorization of agro-waste potato juice water with glycerol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bzducha-Wróbel
- Faculty of Food Science, Department of Biotechnolgy, Microbiology and Food Evaluation, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska Str. 159c, 02-776, Warszawa, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Pobiega
- Faculty of Food Science, Department of Biotechnolgy, Microbiology and Food Evaluation, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska Str. 159c, 02-776, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Stanisław Błażejak
- Faculty of Food Science, Department of Biotechnolgy, Microbiology and Food Evaluation, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska Str. 159c, 02-776, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Marek Kieliszek
- Faculty of Food Science, Department of Biotechnolgy, Microbiology and Food Evaluation, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska Str. 159c, 02-776, Warszawa, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Immunosuppression caused by parasitic infections represents the foremost way by which the parasites overcome or escape the host’s immune response. Glucan is a well-established natural immunomodulator with the ability to significantly improve immune system, from innate immunity to both branches of specific immunity. Our review is focused on the possible role of glucan’s action in antiparasite therapies and vaccine strategies. We concluded that the established action of glucan opens a new window in treatment and protection against parasitic infections.
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhang R, Han S, Zhang Z, Zhang W, Yang J, Wan Z, Qin L. Cereal Fiber Ameliorates High-Fat/Cholesterol-Diet-Induced Atherosclerosis by Modulating the NLRP3 Inflammasome Pathway in ApoE -/- Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:4827-4834. [PMID: 29664631 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cereal fiber is associated with decreasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases. However, whether cereal fiber modulates inflammatory response and improves atherosclerosis remains unclear. This study evaluated the anti-atherosclerotic effect of cereal fibers from oat or wheat bran and explored the potential anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Male ApoE-/- mice were given a high-fat/cholesterol (HFC) diet or a HFC diet supplemented with 0.8% oat fiber or wheat bran fiber. After 18 weeks of the feeding period, serum lipids and inflammatory cytokines were measured. The relative protein levels of the nod-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome pathway and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) were determined by the western blot method in aorta tissues. Pathologically, oat fiber and wheat fiber significantly reduced atherosclerotic plaques by 43.3 and 27.1%, respectively. Biochemically, cereal fiber markedly decreased the protein levels of myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in aortic tissues. The expression of NF-κB was similarly inhibited by both cereal fibers. In comparison to wheat bran fiber, oat fiber had greater effects in reducing the plague size and inhibiting TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathways. Such differences might come from modulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway because the expressions of the cleavage of caspase-1 and interleukin (IL)-1β were inhibited only by oat fiber. The present study demonstrates that cereal fibers can attenuate inflammatory response and atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice. Such effects are pronounced with oat fiber and likely mediated by specific inhibition of oat fiber on the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ru Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Disease, School of Public Health , Soochow University , 199 Renai Road , Suzhou , Jiangsu 215123 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shufen Han
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Disease, School of Public Health , Soochow University , 199 Renai Road , Suzhou , Jiangsu 215123 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Disease, School of Public Health , Soochow University , 199 Renai Road , Suzhou , Jiangsu 215123 , People's Republic of China
| | - Weiguo Zhang
- Human Nutrition and Health , DSM Nutritional Products , 1-3 Xinyuan South Road , Beijing 100027 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Disease, School of Public Health , Soochow University , 199 Renai Road , Suzhou , Jiangsu 215123 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongxiao Wan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Disease, School of Public Health , Soochow University , 199 Renai Road , Suzhou , Jiangsu 215123 , People's Republic of China
| | - Liqiang Qin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Disease, School of Public Health , Soochow University , 199 Renai Road , Suzhou , Jiangsu 215123 , People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Tastekin B, Pelit A, Polat S, Tuli A, Sencar L, Alparslan MM, Daglioglu YK. Therapeutic Potential of Pterostilbene and Resveratrol on Biomechanic, Biochemical, and Histological Parameters in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2018; 2018:9012352. [PMID: 29887910 PMCID: PMC5977026 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9012352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of pterostilbene (PTS) (trans-3,5-dimethoxy-4'-hydroxystilbene) and resveratrol (RSV) (trans-3,5,4' trihydroxystilbene) applied at different doses for the treatment of streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS At the end of the 5-week experimental period, the right gastrocnemius muscles of the rats were examined biomechanically, while the left ones were examined histologically. In addition, blood glucose, serum insulin, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were analyzed in blood samples taken from the rats. RESULTS The skeletal muscle isometric contraction forces, which showed a decrease with diabetes, were observed to increase with antioxidant applications. Blood glucose, serum insulin, and MDA levels in diabetic rats approached normal levels after applying PTS. When the electron microscopic images of the rat skeletal muscle were examined, those in the combination treatment group were observed to show a better enhancement in the skeletal muscle morphological structure compared to the other diabetic and treatment groups. CONCLUSION According to the findings, we suggest that these antioxidant treatments might have good therapeutic nutraceutical potential for some muscle diseases that coexist with diabetes. These treatments should be comprehensively investigated in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bora Tastekin
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Aykut Pelit
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Sait Polat
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Tuli
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Leman Sencar
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | | | - Yusuf Kenan Daglioglu
- Research and Practice Center of Experimental Medicine, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|