1
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Watson BE, Miles JA, Moss MA. Human in vitro blood barrier models: architectures and applications. Tissue Barriers 2024; 12:2222628. [PMID: 37339009 PMCID: PMC11042067 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2023.2222628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood barriers serve as key points of transport for essential molecules as well as lines of defense to protect against toxins. In vitro modeling of these barriers is common practice in the study of their physiology and related diseases. This review describes a common method of using an adaptable, low cost, semipermeable, suspended membrane to experimentally model three blood barriers in the human body: the blood-brain barrier (BBB), the gut-blood barrier (GBB), and the air-blood barrier (ABB). The GBB and ABB both protect from the outside environment, while the BBB protects the central nervous system from potential neurotoxic agents in the blood. These barriers share several commonalities, including the formation of tight junctions, polarized cellular monolayers, and circulatory system contact. Cell architectures used to mimic barrier anatomy as well as applications to study function, dysfunction, and response provide an overview of the versatility enabled by these cultural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia A. Miles
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Univ of South Carolina, Columbia, SCUSA
| | - Melissa A. Moss
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Univ of South Carolina, Columbia, SCUSA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Univ of South Carolina, Columbia, SCUSA
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2
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Garai P, Atack JM, Wills BM, Jennings MP, Bakaletz LO, Brockman KL. Adherence of Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae to Cells and Substrates of the Airway Is Differentially Regulated by Individual ModA Phasevarions. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0409322. [PMID: 36511712 PMCID: PMC9927368 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04093-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adherence of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) to the host airway is an essential initial step for asymptomatic colonization of the nasopharynx, as well as development of disease. NTHi relies on strict regulation of multiple adhesins for adherence to host substrates encountered in the airway. NTHi encode a phase-variable cytoplasmic DNA methyltransferase, ModA, that regulates expression of multiple genes; a phasevarion (phase-variable regulon). Multiple modA alleles are present in NTHi, in which different alleles methylate a different DNA target, and each controls a different set of genes. However, the role of ModA phasevarions in regulating adherence of NTHi to the host airway is not well understood. This study therefore sought to investigate the role of four of the most prevalent ModA phasevarions in the regulation of adherence of NTHi to multiple substrates of the airway. Four clinical isolates of NTHi with unique modA alleles were tested in this study. The adherence of NTHi to mucus, middle ear epithelial cells, and vitronectin was regulated in a substrate-specific manner that was dependent on the ModA allele encoded. The adhesins Protein E and P4 were found to contribute to the ModA-regulated adherence of NTHi to distinct substrates. A better understanding of substrate-specific regulation of NTHi adherence by ModA phasevarions will allow identification of NTHi populations present at the site of disease within the airway and facilitate more directed development of vaccines and therapeutics. IMPORTANCE Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is a predominant pathogen of the human airway that causes respiratory infections such as otitis media (OM) and exacerbations in the lungs of patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Due to the lack of a licensed vaccine against NTHi and the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains, it is extremely challenging to target NTHi for treatment. NTHi adhesins are considered potential candidates for vaccines or other therapeutic approaches. The ModA phasevarions of NTHi play a role in the rapid adaptation of the pathogen to different environmental stress conditions. This study addressed the role of ModA phasevarions in the regulation of adherence of NTHi to specific host substrates found within the respiratory tract. The findings of this study improve our understanding of regulation of adherence of NTHi to the airway, which may further be used to enhance the potential of adhesins as vaccine antigens and therapeutic targets against NTHi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Garai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - John M. Atack
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Brandon M. Wills
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Michael P. Jennings
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lauren O. Bakaletz
- Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Kenneth L. Brockman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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3
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Weidinger D, Jamal Jameel K, Alisch D, Jacobsen J, Bürger P, Ruhe M, Yusuf F, Rohde S, Störtkuhl K, Kaufmann P, Kronsbein J, Peters M, Hatt H, Giannakis N, Knobloch J. OR2AT4 and OR1A2 counterregulate molecular pathophysiological processes of steroid-resistant inflammatory lung diseases in human alveolar macrophages. Mol Med 2022; 28:150. [PMID: 36503361 PMCID: PMC9743598 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00572-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapeutic options for steroid-resistant non-type 2 inflammation in obstructive lung diseases are lacking. Alveolar macrophages are central in the progression of these diseases by releasing proinflammatory cytokines, making them promising targets for new therapeutic approaches. Extra nasal expressed olfactory receptors (ORs) mediate various cellular processes, but clinical data are lacking. This work investigates whether ORs in human primary alveolar macrophages could impact pathophysiological processes and could be considered as therapeutic targets. METHODS Human primary alveolar macrophages were isolated from bronchoalveolar lavages of 50 patients with pulmonary diseases. The expression of ORs was validated using RT-PCR, immunocytochemical staining, and Western blot. Changes in intracellular calcium levels were analyzed in real-time by calcium imaging. A luminescent assay was used to measure the cAMP concentration after OR stimulation. Cytokine secretion was measured in cell supernatants 24 h after stimulation by ELISA. Phagocytic ability was measured by the uptake of fluorescent-labeled beads by flow cytometry. RESULTS We demonstrated the expression of functional OR2AT4 and OR1A2 on mRNA and protein levels. Both ORs were primarily located in the plasma membrane. Stimulation with Sandalore, the ligand of OR2AT4, and Citronellal, the ligand of OR1A2, triggered a transient increase of intracellular calcium and cAMP. In the case of Sandalore, this calcium increase was based on a cAMP-dependent signaling pathway. Stimulation of alveolar macrophages with Sandalore and Citronellal reduced phagocytic capacity and release of proinflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSION These are the first indications for utilizing olfactory receptors as therapeutic target molecules in treating steroid-resistant lung diseases with non-type 2 inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Weidinger
- grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XMedical Clinic III for Pneumology, Allergology and Sleep Medicine, Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Kaschin Jamal Jameel
- grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XMedical Clinic III for Pneumology, Allergology and Sleep Medicine, Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Desiree Alisch
- grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XMedical Clinic III for Pneumology, Allergology and Sleep Medicine, Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Julian Jacobsen
- grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XMedical Clinic III for Pneumology, Allergology and Sleep Medicine, Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Paul Bürger
- grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XMedical Clinic III for Pneumology, Allergology and Sleep Medicine, Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Matthias Ruhe
- grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XMedical Clinic III for Pneumology, Allergology and Sleep Medicine, Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Faisal Yusuf
- grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XMedical Clinic III for Pneumology, Allergology and Sleep Medicine, Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Simon Rohde
- grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XMedical Clinic III for Pneumology, Allergology and Sleep Medicine, Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Klemens Störtkuhl
- grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XAG Physiology of Senses, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Peter Kaufmann
- grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XMedical Clinic III for Pneumology, Allergology and Sleep Medicine, Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Juliane Kronsbein
- grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XMedical Clinic III for Pneumology, Allergology and Sleep Medicine, Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Marcus Peters
- grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XDepartment of Molecular Immunology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Hanns Hatt
- grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XDepartment of Cell Physiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Giannakis
- grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XMedical Clinic III for Pneumology, Allergology and Sleep Medicine, Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Jürgen Knobloch
- grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XMedical Clinic III for Pneumology, Allergology and Sleep Medicine, Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
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4
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Bosáková V, De Zuani M, Sládková L, Garlíková Z, Jose SS, Zelante T, Hortová Kohoutková M, Frič J. Lung Organoids—The Ultimate Tool to Dissect Pulmonary Diseases? Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:899368. [PMID: 35912110 PMCID: PMC9326165 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.899368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Organoids are complex multicellular three-dimensional (3D) in vitro models that are designed to allow accurate studies of the molecular processes and pathologies of human organs. Organoids can be derived from a variety of cell types, such as human primary progenitor cells, pluripotent stem cells, or tumor-derived cells and can be co-cultured with immune or microbial cells to further mimic the tissue niche. Here, we focus on the development of 3D lung organoids and their use as disease models and drug screening tools. We introduce the various experimental approaches used to model complex human diseases and analyze their advantages and disadvantages. We also discuss validation of the organoids and their physiological relevance to the study of lung diseases. Furthermore, we summarize the current use of lung organoids as models of host-pathogen interactions and human lung diseases such as cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, we discuss the use of lung organoids derived from tumor cells as lung cancer models and their application in personalized cancer medicine research. Finally, we outline the future of research in the field of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Bosáková
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Marco De Zuani
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Lucie Sládková
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Zuzana Garlíková
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Shyam Sushama Jose
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Teresa Zelante
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Jan Frič
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Jan Frič,
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5
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Blayac M, Coll P, Urbach V, Fanen P, Epaud R, Lanone S. The Impact of Air Pollution on the Course of Cystic Fibrosis: A Review. Front Physiol 2022; 13:908230. [PMID: 35721541 PMCID: PMC9202997 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.908230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a lethal and widespread autosomal recessive disorder affecting over 80,000 people worldwide. It is caused by mutations of the CFTR gene, which encodes an epithelial anion channel. CF is characterized by a great phenotypic variability which is currently not fully understood. Although CF is genetically determined, the course of the disease might also depend on multiple other factors. Air pollution, whose effects on health and contribution to respiratory diseases are well established, is one environmental factor suspected to modulate the disease severity and influence the lung phenotype of CF patients. This is of particular interest as pulmonary failure is the primary cause of death in CF. The present review discusses current knowledge on the impact of air pollution on CF pathogenesis and aims to explore the underlying cellular and biological mechanisms involved in these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Blayac
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Creteil, France
| | - Patrice Coll
- Université Paris Cité and Univ Paris Est Créteil, CNRS, LISA, Paris, France
| | | | - Pascale Fanen
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Creteil, France
- AP-HP, Hopital Henri-Mondor, Service Génétique, Creteil, France
| | - Ralph Epaud
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Creteil, France
- Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal, Centre des Maladies Respiratoires Rares (RespiRare®)-CRCM, Creteil, France
| | - Sophie Lanone
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Creteil, France
- *Correspondence: Sophie Lanone,
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6
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Inter-species interactions alter antibiotic efficacy in bacterial communities. THE ISME JOURNAL 2022; 16:812-821. [PMID: 34628478 PMCID: PMC8857223 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-021-01130-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of antibiotic treatments targeting polymicrobial communities is not well predicted by conventional in vitro susceptibility testing based on determining minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in monocultures. One reason for this is that inter-species interactions can alter the community members' susceptibility to antibiotics. Here we quantify, and identify mechanisms for, community-modulated changes of efficacy for clinically relevant antibiotics against the pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa in model cystic fibrosis (CF) lung communities derived from clinical samples. We demonstrate that multi-drug resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia can provide high levels of antibiotic protection to otherwise sensitive P. aeruginosa. Exposure protection to imipenem was provided by chromosomally encoded metallo-β-lactamase that detoxified the environment; protection was dependent upon S. maltophilia cell density and was provided by S. maltophilia strains isolated from CF sputum, increasing the MIC of P. aeruginosa by up to 16-fold. In contrast, the presence of S. maltophilia provided no protection against meropenem, another routinely used carbapenem. Mathematical ordinary differential equation modelling shows that the level of exposure protection provided against different carbapenems can be explained by differences in antibiotic efficacy and inactivation rate. Together, these findings reveal that exploitation of pre-occurring antimicrobial resistance, and inter-specific competition, can have large impacts on pathogen antibiotic susceptibility, highlighting the importance of microbial ecology for designing successful antibiotic treatments for multispecies communities.
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7
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Unravelling the molecular mechanisms underlying chronic respiratory diseases for the development of novel therapeutics via in vitro experimental models. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 919:174821. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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8
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Three-Dimensional Airway Spheroids and Organoids for Cystic Fibrosis Research. JOURNAL OF RESPIRATION 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/jor1040022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive multi-organ disease caused by mutations in the CF Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene, with morbidity and mortality primacy related to the lung disease. The CFTR protein, a chloride/bicarbonate channel, is expressed at the apical side of airway epithelial cells and is mainly involved in appropriate ion and fluid transport across the epithelium. Although many animal and cellular models have been developed to study the pathophysiological consequences of the lack/dysfunction of CFTR, only the three-dimensional (3D) structures termed “spheroids” and “organoids” can enable the reconstruction of airway mucosa to model organ development, disease pathophysiology, and drug screening. Airway spheroids and organoids can be derived from different sources, including adult lungs and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), each with its advantages and limits. Here, we review the major features of airway spheroids and organoids, anticipating that their potential in the CF field has not been fully shown. Further work is mandatory to understand whether they can accomplish better outcomes than other culture conditions of airway epithelial cells for CF personalized therapies and tissue engineering aims.
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9
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Woodall MNJ, Masonou T, Case K, Smith CM. Human models for COVID-19 research. J Physiol 2021; 599:4255-4267. [PMID: 34287894 PMCID: PMC8447334 DOI: 10.1113/jp281499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, therapeutics for COVID-19 are limited. To overcome this, it is important that we use physiologically relevant models to reproduce the pathology of infection and evaluate the efficacy of antiviral drugs. Models of airway infection, including the use of a human infection challenge model or well-defined, disease relevant in vitro systems can help determine the key components that perpetuate the severity of the disease. Here, we briefly review the human models that are currently being used in COVID-19 research and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tereza Masonou
- GOS Institute of Child HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Claire M. Smith
- GOS Institute of Child HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
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10
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Tavakol DN, Fleischer S, Vunjak-Novakovic G. Harnessing organs-on-a-chip to model tissue regeneration. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:993-1015. [PMID: 34087161 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering has markedly matured since its early beginnings in the 1980s. In addition to the original goal to regenerate damaged organs, the field has started to explore modeling of human physiology "in a dish." Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technologies now enable studies of organ regeneration and disease modeling in a patient-specific context. We discuss the potential of "organ-on-a-chip" systems to study regenerative therapies with focus on three distinct organ systems: cardiac, respiratory, and hematopoietic. We propose that the combinatorial studies of human tissues at these two scales would help realize the translational potential of tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sharon Fleischer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY.
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11
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Fantone K, Tucker SL, Miller A, Yadav R, Bernardy EE, Fricker R, Stecenko AA, Goldberg JB, Rada B. Cystic Fibrosis Sputum Impairs the Ability of Neutrophils to Kill Staphylococcus aureus. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10060703. [PMID: 34200034 PMCID: PMC8229215 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10060703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) airway disease is characterized by chronic microbial infections and infiltration of inflammatory polymorphonuclear (PMN) granulocytes. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a major lung pathogen in CF that persists despite the presence of PMNs and has been associated with CF lung function decline. While PMNs represent the main mechanism of the immune system to kill S. aureus, it remains largely unknown why PMNs fail to eliminate S. aureus in CF. The goal of this study was to observe how the CF airway environment affects S. aureus killing by PMNs. PMNs were isolated from the blood of healthy volunteers and CF patients. Clinical isolates of S. aureus were obtained from the airways of CF patients. The results show that PMNs from healthy volunteers were able to kill all CF isolates and laboratory strains of S. aureus tested in vitro. The extent of killing varied among strains. When PMNs were pretreated with supernatants of CF sputum, S. aureus killing was significantly inhibited suggesting that the CF airway environment compromises PMN antibacterial functions. CF blood PMNs were capable of killing S. aureus. Although bacterial killing was inhibited with CF sputum, PMN binding and phagocytosis of S. aureus was not diminished. The S. aureus-induced respiratory burst and neutrophil extracellular trap release from PMNs also remained uninhibited by CF sputum. In summary, our data demonstrate that the CF airway environment limits killing of S. aureus by PMNs and provides a new in vitro experimental model to study this phenomenon and its mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla Fantone
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (K.F.); (S.L.T.); (A.M.); (R.Y.); (R.F.)
| | - Samantha L. Tucker
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (K.F.); (S.L.T.); (A.M.); (R.Y.); (R.F.)
| | - Arthur Miller
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (K.F.); (S.L.T.); (A.M.); (R.Y.); (R.F.)
| | - Ruchi Yadav
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (K.F.); (S.L.T.); (A.M.); (R.Y.); (R.F.)
| | - Eryn E. Bernardy
- Division of Pulmonology, Allergy/Immunology, Cystic Fibrosis and Sleep, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (E.E.B.); (A.A.S.); (J.B.G.)
| | - Rachel Fricker
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (K.F.); (S.L.T.); (A.M.); (R.Y.); (R.F.)
| | - Arlene A. Stecenko
- Division of Pulmonology, Allergy/Immunology, Cystic Fibrosis and Sleep, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (E.E.B.); (A.A.S.); (J.B.G.)
| | - Joanna B. Goldberg
- Division of Pulmonology, Allergy/Immunology, Cystic Fibrosis and Sleep, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (E.E.B.); (A.A.S.); (J.B.G.)
| | - Balázs Rada
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (K.F.); (S.L.T.); (A.M.); (R.Y.); (R.F.)
- Correspondence:
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12
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Baldassi D, Gabold B, Merkel O. Air-liquid interface cultures of the healthy and diseased human respiratory tract: promises, challenges and future directions. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2021; 1:2000111. [PMID: 34345878 PMCID: PMC7611446 DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202000111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Air-liquid interface (ALI) culture models currently represent a valid instrument to recreate the typical aspects of the respiratory tract in vitro in both healthy and diseased state. They can help reducing the number of animal experiments, therefore, supporting the 3R principle. This review discusses ALI cultures and co-cultures derived from immortalized as well as primary cells, which are used to study the most common disorders of the respiratory tract, in terms of both pathophysiology and drug screening. The article displays ALI models used to simulate inflammatory lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, cystic fibrosis, lung cancer, and viral infections. It also includes a focus on ALI cultures described in literature studying respiratory viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 causing the global Covid-19 pandemic at the time of writing this review. Additionally, commercially available models of ALI cultures are presented. Ultimately, the aim of this review is to provide a detailed overview of ALI models currently available and to critically discuss them in the context of the most prevalent diseases of the respiratory tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domizia Baldassi
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, LMU Munich Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Bettina Gabold
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, LMU Munich Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Olivia Merkel
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, LMU Munich Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
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13
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Carius P, Horstmann JC, de Souza Carvalho-Wodarz C, Lehr CM. Disease Models: Lung Models for Testing Drugs Against Inflammation and Infection. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 265:157-186. [PMID: 33095300 DOI: 10.1007/164_2020_366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Lung diseases have increasingly attracted interest in the past years. The all-known fear of failing treatments against severe pulmonary infections and plans of the pharmaceutical industry to limit research on anti-infectives to a minimum due to cost reasons makes infections of the lung nowadays a "hot topic." Inhalable antibiotics show promising efficacy while limiting adverse systemic effects to a minimum. Moreover, in times of increased life expectancy in developed countries, the treatment of chronic maladies implicating inflammatory diseases, like bronchial asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, becomes more and more exigent and still lacks proper treatment.In this chapter, we address in vitro models as well as necessary in vivo models to help develop new drugs for the treatment of various severe pulmonary diseases with a strong focus on infectious diseases. By first presenting the essential hands-on techniques for the setup of in vitro models, we intend to combine these with already successful and interesting model approaches to serve as some guideline for the development of future models. The overall goal is to maximize time and cost-efficacy and to minimize attrition as well as animal trials when developing novel anti-infective therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Carius
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Justus C Horstmann
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Cristiane de Souza Carvalho-Wodarz
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Claus-Michael Lehr
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany. .,Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.
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14
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Potential novel biomarkers for chronic lung allograft dysfunction and azithromycin responsive allograft dysfunction. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6799. [PMID: 33762606 PMCID: PMC7990920 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85949-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction (CLAD), manifesting as Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome (BOS) or Restrictive Allograft Syndrome (RAS), is the main reason for adverse long-term outcome after Lung Transplantation (LTX). Until now, no specific biomarkers exist to differentiate between CLAD phenotypes. Therefore, we sought to find suitable cytokines to distinguish between BOS, RAS and Azithromycin Responsive Allograft Dysfunction (ARAD); and reveal potential similarities or differences to end-stage fibrotic diseases. We observed significantly increased Lipocalin-2 serum concentrations in RAS compared to BOS patients. In addition, in RAS patients immunohistochemistry revealed Lipocalin-2 expression in bronchial epithelium and alveolar walls. Patients with ARAD showed significantly lower Activin-A serum concentrations compared to Stable-LTX and BOS patients. Further, increased serum concentrations of Lipocalin-2 and Activin-A were predictors of worse freedom-from-CLAD in Stable-LTX patients. These biomarkers serve as promising serum biomarkers for CLAD prediction and seem suitable for implementation in clinical practice.
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15
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Pathophysiology of Lung Disease and Wound Repair in Cystic Fibrosis. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2021; 28:155-188. [PMID: 35366275 PMCID: PMC8830450 DOI: 10.3390/pathophysiology28010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive, life-threatening condition affecting many organs and tissues, the lung disease being the chief cause of morbidity and mortality. Mutations affecting the CF Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene determine the expression of a dysfunctional protein that, in turn, triggers a pathophysiological cascade, leading to airway epithelium injury and remodeling. In vitro and in vivo studies point to a dysregulated regeneration and wound repair in CF airways, to be traced back to epithelial CFTR lack/dysfunction. Subsequent altered ion/fluid fluxes and/or signaling result in reduced cell migration and proliferation. Furthermore, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition appears to be partially triggered in CF, contributing to wound closure alteration. Finally, we pose our attention to diverse approaches to tackle this defect, discussing the therapeutic role of protease inhibitors, CFTR modulators and mesenchymal stem cells. Although the pathophysiology of wound repair in CF has been disclosed in some mechanisms, further studies are warranted to understand the cellular and molecular events in more details and to better address therapeutic interventions.
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16
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McCarron A, Parsons D, Donnelley M. Animal and Cell Culture Models for Cystic Fibrosis: Which Model Is Right for Your Application? THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 191:228-242. [PMID: 33232694 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 30 years, a range of cystic fibrosis (CF) animal models have been generated for research purposes. Different species, including mice, rats, ferrets, rabbits, pigs, sheep, zebrafish, and fruit flies, have all been used to model CF disease. While access to such a variety of animal models is a luxury for any research field, it also complicates the decision-making process when it comes to selecting the right model for an investigation. The purpose of this review is to provide a guide for selecting the most appropriate CF animal model for any given application. In this review, the characteristics and phenotypes of each animal model are described, along with a discussion of the key considerations that must be taken into account when choosing a suitable animal model. Available in vitro systems of CF are also described and can offer a useful alternative to using animal models. Finally, the future of CF animal model generation and its use in research are speculated upon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra McCarron
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | - David Parsons
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Martin Donnelley
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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17
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Choice of Differentiation Media Significantly Impacts Cell Lineage and Response to CFTR Modulators in Fully Differentiated Primary Cultures of Cystic Fibrosis Human Airway Epithelial Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092137. [PMID: 32967385 PMCID: PMC7565948 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro cultures of primary human airway epithelial cells (hAECs) grown at air–liquid interface have become a valuable tool to study airway biology under normal and pathologic conditions, and for drug discovery in lung diseases such as cystic fibrosis (CF). An increasing number of different differentiation media, are now available, making comparison of data between studies difficult. Here, we investigated the impact of two common differentiation media on phenotypic, transcriptomic, and physiological features of CF and non-CF epithelia. Cellular architecture and density were strongly impacted by the choice of medium. RNA-sequencing revealed a shift in airway cell lineage; one medium promoting differentiation into club and goblet cells whilst the other enriched the growth of ionocytes and multiciliated cells. Pathway analysis identified differential expression of genes involved in ion and fluid transport. Physiological assays (intracellular/extracellular pH, Ussing chamber) specifically showed that ATP12A and CFTR function were altered, impacting pH and transepithelial ion transport in CF hAECs. Importantly, the two media differentially affected functional responses to CFTR modulators. We argue that the effect of growth conditions should be appropriately determined depending on the scientific question and that our study can act as a guide for choosing the optimal growth medium for specific applications.
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18
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Drasler B, Karakocak BB, Tankus EB, Barosova H, Abe J, Sousa de Almeida M, Petri-Fink A, Rothen-Rutishauser B. An Inflamed Human Alveolar Model for Testing the Efficiency of Anti-inflammatory Drugs in vitro. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:987. [PMID: 32974315 PMCID: PMC7471931 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A large number of prevalent lung diseases is associated with tissue inflammation. Clinically, corticosteroid therapies are applied systemically or via inhalation for the treatment of lung inflammation, and a number of novel therapies are being developed that require preclinical testing. In alveoli, macrophages and dendritic cells play a key role in initiating and diminishing pro-inflammatory reactions and, in particular, macrophage plasticity (M1 and M2 phenotypes shifts) has been reported to play a significant role in these reactions. Thus far, no studies with in vitro lung epithelial models have tested the comparison between systemic and direct pulmonary drug delivery. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop an inflamed human alveolar epithelium model and to test the resolution of LPS-induced inflammation in vitro with a corticosteroid, methylprednisolone (MP). A specific focus of the study was the macrophage phenotype shifts in response to these stimuli. First, human monocyte-derived macrophages were examined for phenotype shifts upon exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), followed by treatment with MP. A multicellular human alveolar model, composed of macrophages, dendritic cells, and epithelial cells, was then employed for the development of inflamed models. The models were used to test the anti-inflammatory potency of MP by monitoring the secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators (interleukin [IL]-8, tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], and IL-1β) through four different approaches, mimicking clinical scenarios of inflammation and treatment. In macrophage monocultures, LPS stimulation shifted the phenotype towards M1, as demonstrated by increased release of IL-8 and TNF-α and altered expression of phenotype-associated surface markers (CD86, CD206). MP treatment of inflamed macrophages reversed the phenotype towards M2. In multicellular models, increased pro-inflammatory reactions after LPS exposure were observed, as demonstrated by protein secretion and gene expression measurements. In all scenarios, among the tested mediators the most pronounced anti-inflammatory effect of MP was observed for IL-8. Our findings demonstrate that our inflamed multicellular human lung model is a promising tool for the evaluation of anti-inflammatory potency of drug candidates in vitro. With the presented setup, our model allows a meaningful comparison of the systemic vs. inhalation administration routes for the evaluation of the efficacy of a drug in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Drasler
- Institut Adolphe Merkle, Faculté des Sciences et de Médecine, Université de Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Bedia Begum Karakocak
- Institut Adolphe Merkle, Faculté des Sciences et de Médecine, Université de Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Esma Bahar Tankus
- Institut Adolphe Merkle, Faculté des Sciences et de Médecine, Université de Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Hana Barosova
- Institut Adolphe Merkle, Faculté des Sciences et de Médecine, Université de Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jun Abe
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Mauro Sousa de Almeida
- Institut Adolphe Merkle, Faculté des Sciences et de Médecine, Université de Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Alke Petri-Fink
- Institut Adolphe Merkle, Faculté des Sciences et de Médecine, Université de Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.,Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences et de Médecine, Université de Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser
- Institut Adolphe Merkle, Faculté des Sciences et de Médecine, Université de Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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19
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Movia D, Prina-Mello A. Preclinical Development of Orally Inhaled Drugs (OIDs)-Are Animal Models Predictive or Shall We Move Towards In Vitro Non-Animal Models? Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E1259. [PMID: 32722259 PMCID: PMC7460012 DOI: 10.3390/ani10081259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory diseases constitute a huge burden in our society, and the global respiratory drug market currently grows at an annual rate between 4% and 6%. Inhalation is the preferred administration method for treating respiratory diseases, as it: (i) delivers the drug directly at the site of action, resulting in a rapid onset; (ii) is painless, thus improving patients' compliance; and (iii) avoids first-pass metabolism reducing systemic side effects. Inhalation occurs through the mouth, with the drug generally exerting its therapeutic action in the lungs. In the most recent years, orally inhaled drugs (OIDs) have found application also in the treatment of systemic diseases. OIDs development, however, currently suffers of an overall attrition rate of around 70%, meaning that seven out of 10 new drug candidates fail to reach the clinic. Our commentary focuses on the reasons behind the poor OIDs translation into clinical products for the treatment of respiratory and systemic diseases, with particular emphasis on the parameters affecting the predictive value of animal preclinical tests. We then review the current advances in overcoming the limitation of animal animal-based studies through the development and adoption of in vitro, cell-based new approach methodologies (NAMs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dania Movia
- Laboratory for Biological Characterisation of Advanced Materials (LBCAM), Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin D8, Ireland;
| | - Adriele Prina-Mello
- Laboratory for Biological Characterisation of Advanced Materials (LBCAM), Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin D8, Ireland;
- AMBER Centre, CRANN Institute, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin D2, Ireland
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20
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Escobar YNH, Nipp G, Cui T, Petters SS, Surratt JD, Jaspers I. In Vitro Toxicity and Chemical Characterization of Aerosol Derived from Electronic Cigarette Humectants Using a Newly Developed Exposure System. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:1677-1688. [PMID: 32223225 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In the United States, the recent surge of electronic cigarette (e-cig) use has raised questions concerning the safety of these devices. This study seeks to assess the pro-inflammatory and cellular stress effects of the vaped humectants propylene glycol (PG) and glycerol (GLY) on airway epithelial cells (16HBE cells and differentiated human bronchial epithelial cells) with a newly developed aerosol exposure system. This system allows for chemical characterization of e-cig generated aerosol particles as well as in vitro exposures of 16HBE cells at an air-liquid interface to vaped PG and GLY aerosol. Our data demonstrate that the process of vaping results in the formation of PG- and GLY-derived oligomers in the aerosol particles. Our in vitro data demonstrate an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 levels in response to vaped PG and GLY exposures. Vaped GLY also causes an increase in cellular stress signals HMOX1, NQO1, and carbonylated proteins when the e-cig device is operated at high wattages. Additionally, we find that the exposure of vaped PG causes elevated IL-6 expression, while the exposure of vaped GLY increases HMOX1 expression in human bronchial epithelial cells when the device is operated at high wattages. These findings suggest that vaporizing PG and GLY results in the formation of novel compounds and the exposure of vaped PG and GLY are detrimental to airway cells. Since PG and/or GLY is universally contained in all e-cig liquids, we conclude that these components alone can cause harm to the airway epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Grace Nipp
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Tianqu Cui
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Sarah S Petters
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Jason D Surratt
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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21
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Gróf I, Bocsik A, Harazin A, Santa-Maria AR, Vizsnyiczai G, Barna L, Kiss L, Fűr G, Rakonczay Z, Ambrus R, Szabó-Révész P, Gosselet F, Jaikumpun P, Szabó H, Zsembery Á, Deli MA. The Effect of Sodium Bicarbonate, a Beneficial Adjuvant Molecule in Cystic Fibrosis, on Bronchial Epithelial Cells Expressing a Wild-Type or Mutant CFTR Channel. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114024. [PMID: 32512832 PMCID: PMC7312297 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical and experimental results with inhaled sodium bicarbonate as an adjuvant therapy in cystic fibrosis (CF) are promising due to its mucolytic and bacteriostatic properties, but its direct effect has not been studied on respiratory epithelial cells. Our aim was to establish and characterize co-culture models of human CF bronchial epithelial (CFBE) cell lines expressing a wild-type (WT) or mutant (deltaF508) CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) channel with human vascular endothelial cells and investigate the effects of bicarbonate. Vascular endothelial cells induced better barrier properties in CFBE cells as reflected by the higher resistance and lower permeability values. Activation of CFTR by cAMP decreased the electrical resistance in WT but not in mutant CFBE cell layers confirming the presence and absence of functional channels, respectively. Sodium bicarbonate (100 mM) was well-tolerated by CFBE cells: it slightly reduced the impedance of WT but not that of the mutant CFBE cells. Sodium bicarbonate significantly decreased the more-alkaline intracellular pH of the mutant CFBE cells, while the barrier properties of the models were only minimally changed. These observations indicate that sodium bicarbonate is beneficial to deltaF508-CFTR expressing CFBE cells. Thus, sodium bicarbonate may have a direct therapeutic effect on the bronchial epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Gróf
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (I.G.); (A.B.); (A.H.); (A.R.S.-M.); (G.V.); (L.B.)
- Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Bocsik
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (I.G.); (A.B.); (A.H.); (A.R.S.-M.); (G.V.); (L.B.)
| | - András Harazin
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (I.G.); (A.B.); (A.H.); (A.R.S.-M.); (G.V.); (L.B.)
| | - Ana Raquel Santa-Maria
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (I.G.); (A.B.); (A.H.); (A.R.S.-M.); (G.V.); (L.B.)
- Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gaszton Vizsnyiczai
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (I.G.); (A.B.); (A.H.); (A.R.S.-M.); (G.V.); (L.B.)
| | - Lilla Barna
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (I.G.); (A.B.); (A.H.); (A.R.S.-M.); (G.V.); (L.B.)
- Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Lóránd Kiss
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary; (L.K.); (G.F.); (Z.R.J.)
| | - Gabriella Fűr
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary; (L.K.); (G.F.); (Z.R.J.)
| | - Zoltán Rakonczay
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary; (L.K.); (G.F.); (Z.R.J.)
| | - Rita Ambrus
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (R.A.); (P S.-R.)
| | - Piroska Szabó-Révész
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (R.A.); (P S.-R.)
| | - Fabien Gosselet
- Blood-Brain Barrier Laboratory, UR 2465, Artois University, F-62300 Lens, France;
| | - Pongsiri Jaikumpun
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (P.J.); (Á.Z.)
| | - Hajnalka Szabó
- Department of Pediatrics, Fejér County Szent György University Teaching Hospital, H-8000 Székesfehérvár, Hungary;
| | - Ákos Zsembery
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (P.J.); (Á.Z.)
| | - Mária A. Deli
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (I.G.); (A.B.); (A.H.); (A.R.S.-M.); (G.V.); (L.B.)
- Correspondence:
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22
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Bølling AK, Sripada K, Becher R, Bekö G. Phthalate exposure and allergic diseases: Review of epidemiological and experimental evidence. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 139:105706. [PMID: 32371302 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates are among the most ubiquitous environmental contaminants and endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Exposure to phthalates and related health effects have been extensively studied over the past four decades. An association between phthalate exposure and allergic diseases has been suggested, although the literature is far from conclusive. This article reviews and evaluates epidemiological (n = 43), animal (n = 49), and cell culture studies (n = 42), published until the end of 2019, on phthalates and allergic diseases, such as asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema. In contrast to earlier reviews, emphasis is placed on experimental studies that use concentrations with relevance for human exposure. Epidemiological studies provide support for associations between phthalate exposures and airway, nasal, ocular, and dermal allergic disease outcomes, although the reported significant associations tend to be weak and demonstrate inconsistencies for any given phthalate. Rodent studies support that phthalates may act as adjuvants at levels likely to be relevant for environmental exposures, inducing respiratory and inflammatory effects in the presence of an allergen. Cell culture studies demonstrate that phthalates may alter the functionality of innate and adaptive immune cells. However, due to limitations of the applied exposure methods and models in experimental studies, including the diversity of phthalates, exposure routes, and allergic diseases considered, the support provided to the epidemiological findings is fragmented. Nevertheless, the current evidence points in the direction of concern. Further research is warranted to identify the most critical windows of exposure, the importance of exposure pathways, interactions with social factors, and the effects of co-exposure to phthalates and other environmental contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kam Sripada
- Centre for Global Health Inequalities Research, Department of Sociology and Political Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Rune Becher
- Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gabriel Bekö
- International Centre for Indoor Environment and Energy, Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania
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23
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Laucirica DR, Garratt LW, Kicic A. Progress in Model Systems of Cystic Fibrosis Mucosal Inflammation to Understand Aberrant Neutrophil Activity. Front Immunol 2020; 11:595. [PMID: 32318073 PMCID: PMC7154161 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to recurrent infection in cystic fibrosis (CF), powerful innate immune signals trigger polymorphonuclear neutrophil recruitment into the airway lumen. Exaggerated neutrophil proteolytic activity results in sustained inflammation and scarring of the airways. Consequently, neutrophils and their secretions are reliable clinical biomarkers of lung disease progression. As neutrophils are required to clear infection and yet a direct cause of airway damage, modulating adverse neutrophil activity while preserving their pathogen fighting function remains a key area of CF research. The factors that drive their pathological behavior are still under investigation, especially in early disease when aberrant neutrophil behavior first becomes evident. Here we examine the latest findings of neutrophils in pediatric CF lung disease and proposed mechanisms of their pathogenicity. Highlighted in this review are current and emerging experimental methods for assessing CF mucosal immunity and human neutrophil function in the laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Laucirica
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Luke W Garratt
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Anthony Kicic
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
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24
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Liu Z, Mackay S, Gordon DM, Anderson JD, Haithcock DW, Garson CJ, Tearney GJ, Solomon GM, Pant K, Prabhakarpandian B, Rowe SM, Guimbellot JS. Co-cultured microfluidic model of the airway optimized for microscopy and micro-optical coherence tomography imaging. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:5414-5430. [PMID: 31646055 PMCID: PMC6788592 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.005414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cell and endothelial cell co-cultured microfluidic model to mimic the in vivo human airway. This airway-on-a-chip was designed with a central epithelial channel and two flanking endothelial channels, with a three-dimensional monolayers of cells growing along the four walls of the channel, forming central clear lumens. These cultures mimic airways and microvasculature in vivo. The central channel cells are grown at air-liquid interface and show features of airway differentiation including tight-junction formation, mucus production, and ciliated cells. Combined with novel micro-optical coherence tomography, this chip enables functional imaging of the interior of the lumen, which includes quantitation of cilia motion including beat frequency and mucociliary transport. This airway-on-a chip is a significant step forward in the development of microfluidics models for functional imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Lowder Building Suite 620, 1600 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, MCLM 706, 1918 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Stephen Mackay
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Lowder Building Suite 620, 1600 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, MCLM 706, 1918 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Dylan M. Gordon
- Biomedical Technology, CFD Research Corporation, 701 McMillian Way NW, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | - Justin D. Anderson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Lowder Building Suite 620, 1600 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, MCLM 706, 1918 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Dustin W. Haithcock
- Biomedical Technology, CFD Research Corporation, 701 McMillian Way NW, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | - Charles J. Garson
- Biomedical Technology, CFD Research Corporation, 701 McMillian Way NW, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | - Guillermo J. Tearney
- Department of Pathology, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, & Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - George M. Solomon
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, MCLM 706, 1918 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, THT 422, 1900 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Kapil Pant
- Biomedical Technology, CFD Research Corporation, 701 McMillian Way NW, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | | | - Steven M. Rowe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Lowder Building Suite 620, 1600 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, MCLM 706, 1918 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, THT 422, 1900 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jennifer S. Guimbellot
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Lowder Building Suite 620, 1600 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, MCLM 706, 1918 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Tanner L, Single AB. Animal Models Reflecting Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Related Respiratory Disorders: Translating Pre-Clinical Data into Clinical Relevance. J Innate Immun 2019; 12:203-225. [PMID: 31527372 PMCID: PMC7265725 DOI: 10.1159/000502489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affects the lives of an ever-growing number of people worldwide. The lack of understanding surrounding the pathophysiology of the disease and its progression has led to COPD becoming the third leading cause of death worldwide. COPD is incurable, with current treatments only addressing associated symptoms and sometimes slowing its progression, thus highlighting the need to develop novel treatments. However, this has been limited by the lack of experimental standardization within the respiratory disease research area. A lack of coherent animal models that accurately represent all aspects of COPD clinical presentation makes the translation of promising in vitrodata to human clinical trials exceptionally challenging. Here, we review current knowledge within the COPD research field, with a focus on current COPD animal models. Moreover, we include a set of advantages and disadvantages for the selection of pre-clinical models for the identification of novel COPD treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd Tanner
- Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden,
| | - Andrew Bruce Single
- Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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