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de Brito AA, Herculano KZ, de Alvarenga-Nascimento CR, Estefano-Alves C, Duran CCG, Marcos RL, Silva Junior JA, Chavantes MC, Zamuner SR, Aimbire F, Lladó-Pelfort L, Gubern A, Fàbrega A, da Palma RK, Ligeiro de Oliveira AP. Effect of photobiomodulation in the balance between effector and regulatory T cells in an experimental model of COPD. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1347517. [PMID: 38903812 PMCID: PMC11188410 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1347517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Currently, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) has a high impact on morbidity and mortality worldwide. The increase of CD4+, CD8+ cells expressing NF-κB, STAT4, IFN-γ and perforin are related to smoking habit, smoking history, airflow rate, obstruction and pulmonary emphysema. Furthermore, a deficiency in CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) may impair the normal function of the immune system and lead to respiratory immune disease. On the other hand, the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, produced by Treg cells and macrophages, inhibits the synthesis of several pro-inflammatory cytokines that are expressed in COPD. Therefore, immunotherapeutic strategies, such as Photobiomodulation (PBM), aim to regulate the levels of cytokines, chemokines and transcription factors in COPD. Consequently, the objective of this study was to evaluate CD4+STAT4 and CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ cells as well as the production of CD4+IFN- γ and CD4+CD25+IL-10 in the lung after PBM therapy in a COPD mice model. Methods We induced COPD in C57BL/6 mice through an orotracheal application of cigarette smoke extract. PMB treatment was applied for the entire 7 weeks and Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and lungs were collected to study production of IFN- γ and IL-10 in the lung. After the last administration with cigarette smoke extract (end of 7 weeks), 24 h later, the animals were euthanized. One-way ANOVA followed by NewmanKeuls test were used for statistical analysis with significance levels adjusted to 5% (p < 0.05). Results This result showed that PBM improves COPD symptomatology, reducing the number of inflammatory cells (macrophages, neutrophils and lymphocytes), the levels of IFN-γ among others, and increased IL-10. We also observed a decrease of collagen, mucus, bronchoconstriction index, alveolar enlargement, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+STAT4+, and CD4+IFN-γ+ cells. In addition, in the treated group, we found an increase in CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ and CD4+IL-10+ T cells. Conclusion This study suggests that PBM treatment could be applied as an immunotherapeutic strategy for COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auriléia Aparecida de Brito
- Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departament of Research Development and Innovation, Innovative Health System Health Management (HIS Medicine and Technology), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karine Zanella Herculano
- Departament of Research Development and Innovation, Innovative Health System Health Management (HIS Medicine and Technology), São Paulo, Brazil
- Departament of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Flávio Aimbire
- Translational Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo-UNIFESP, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Laia Lladó-Pelfort
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences at Manresa, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Manresa, Spain
| | - Albert Gubern
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences at Manresa, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Manresa, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic-Central, Manresa, Spain
| | - Anna Fàbrega
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences at Manresa, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Manresa, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic-Central, Manresa, Spain
- Tissue Repair and Regeneration Laboratory (TR2Lab), Institute for Research and Innovation in Life and Health Sciences in Central Catalonia (Iris-CC), Vic, Spain
| | - Renata Kelly da Palma
- Departament of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Tissue Repair and Regeneration Laboratory (TR2Lab), Institute for Research and Innovation in Life and Health Sciences in Central Catalonia (Iris-CC), Vic, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences at Manresa, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Manresa, Spain
- University Center of Anápolis, Anápolis, Brazil
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Ehsani F, Bagheri R, Darban M, Hemati M, Bahrami M, Sharafieh F. Effects of Photobiomodulation Therapy on Lung Function and Inflammatory Factors in Patients with COVID-19 During Acute Stage. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2023; 41:483-489. [PMID: 37738370 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2022.0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: We aimed to evaluate the effects of photobiomodulation therapy on the respiratory function and laboratory parameters in COVID-19 participants with respiratory involvement. Methods: A randomized, double-blind controlled design was used. This study was conducted at Koosar Hospital. Thirty participants with COVID-19 who were hospitalized met the inclusion criteria and were randomly assigned to two groups. Patients were treated with a program of five sessions of high-power photobiomodulation (intervention group) and placebo photobiomodulation (control group). Both groups received standard treatment. Outcomes were assessed before and after the intervention (two sessions), according to the immune system function and laboratory tests for the respiratory rate (RR), oxygen saturation, and inflammatory factors, including C-reactive protein (CRP), white blood cells, and interleukin-6 (IL-6), as well as complete blood count (CBC), hematocrit, hemoglobin, and ferritin. Results: Findings indicated that the values of ferritin, erythrocyte sedimentation ratio, CRP, IL-6, O2 saturation, and RR were significantly improved after the intervention in both groups (p < 0.05). Independent T-test analyses also indicated significant differences in the CRP, IL-6, and O2 saturation in the photobiomodulation group compared with the control group after the five-session intervention (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Application of photobiomodulation is recommended for treatment of respiratory problems in patients with COVID-19 to improve clinical signs and control inflammatory factors. Clinical Trial Registration: IRCT2017070934969N1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ehsani
- Neuromuscular Rehabilitation Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Rasool Bagheri
- Neuromuscular Rehabilitation Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mahbubeh Darban
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kosar Hospital, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Maral Hemati
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bahrami
- Student Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sharafieh
- Neuromuscular Rehabilitation Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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Shojaeddin A, Fatemi A, Razzaghi Z, Pishgahi M, Jahani Sherafat S, Razzaghi M, Shahrzad MK, Anaraki N, Salehi C, Amiri A. The Clinical Effects of Laser Acupuncture on Hospitalized Patients With Severe COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Lasers Med Sci 2023; 14:e14. [PMID: 37583492 PMCID: PMC10423955 DOI: 10.34172/jlms.2023.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was extended to the entire population in China and around the world, and its mortality rate was about 3.4%. The impact of laser therapy on chronic respiratory diseases has been shown in previous studies. This study was aimed at examining the effects of laser acupuncture (LA) on patients with severe COVID-19. Methods: In the present study, 60 patients with a positive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test were assigned to the intervention and control groups (30 patients in each group). The intervention group was treated with LA, that is, laser light with low energy on acupuncture points, once a day for five consecutive days. Results: The participants' mean age in the intervention and control groups was 48.96±12.65 and 53.16±12.28 respectively; 70% of the patients were male and 30% of them were female. IL6 had a significant reduction in the intervention group (P value=0.038) in comparison with the control group (P value=0.535). Furthermore, the mean admission time in the control group was significantly higher than that in the intervention group (P value=0.047). However, the mortality rate in the intervention group was zero, but three patients in the control group died. Conclusion: Our study showed that LA can be used as supportive therapy for routine treatment in patients with severe COVID-19. Moreover, due to LA safety and it's low cost, it could be recommended as an adjuvant to conventional therapy in patients interested in treating their disease with such a method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arista Shojaeddin
- laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University Of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Fatemi
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Razzaghi
- laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University Of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Pishgahi
- Cardiology Department, Shohada Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Jahani Sherafat
- laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University Of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Razzaghi
- laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University Of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamad Karim Shahrzad
- Internal Medicine and Endocrinology Department, Shohada Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Anaraki
- Internal Medicine and Endocrinology Department, Shohada Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Chiman Salehi
- Internal Medicine and Endocrinology Department, Shohada Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aslan Amiri
- Internal Medicine and Endocrinology Department, Shohada Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Lu YS, Chen YJ, Lee CL, Kuo FY, Tseng YH, Chen CH. Effects of photobiomodulation as an adjunctive treatment in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a narrative review. Lasers Med Sci 2023; 38:56. [PMID: 36707463 PMCID: PMC9883131 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-022-03661-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disease characterized by chronic airway inflammation and remodeling and lung parenchymal inflammation and destruction, which result in many pulmonary and extrapulmonary manifestations. The anti-inflammatory effect of photobiomodulation (PBM) has been reported in previous studies. This review was conducted to evaluate the direct effect of PBM on lung inflammation in COPD. The other effects of PBM on modulation of peripheral and respiratory muscle metabolism and angiogenesis in lung tissues were also discussed. The databases of PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were searched to find the relevant studies. Keywords included PBM and related terms, COPD-related signs, and lung inflammation. A total of 12 articles were selected and reviewed in this study. Based on the present review, PBM is helpful in reducing lung inflammation through decreasing the inflammatory cytokines and chemokines at multiple levels and increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, PBM also improves both peripheral and respiratory muscle metabolism and promote angiogenesis. This review demonstrated that PBM is a promising adjunctive treatment modality for COPD management which merits further validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Sen Lu
- Department of General Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ling Lee
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Yu Kuo
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Tseng
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsin Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Arjmand B, Rahim F. The Probable Protective Effect of Photobiomodulation on the Immunologic Factor's mRNA Expression Level in the Lung: An Extended COVID-19 Preclinical and Clinical Meta-analysis. CLINICAL PATHOLOGY (THOUSAND OAKS, VENTURA COUNTY, CALIF.) 2023; 16:2632010X221127683. [PMID: 36938515 PMCID: PMC10014418 DOI: 10.1177/2632010x221127683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Background Different expression of cytokine genes in the body determines the type of immune response (Th1 or Th2), which can play an important role in the pathogenesis of the COVID-19 disease. Aims This meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the probable effect of photobiomodulation (PBMT) therapy on the cytokine's mRNA expression in the lung. Methods We systematically searched indexing databases, including PubMed/Medline, ISI web of science, Scopus, EMBASE, and Cochrane central, using standard terms without language, study region or type restrictions. Studies on using PBM in lung injury modeling with samples collected from lung tissue to observe IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10, and IL-6 mRNA expression were included. RevMan 5.3 software was used for data analysis and standardized mean difference as effect size. Results Of the 438 studies found through initial searches, 17 met the inclusion criteria. The main properties of 13 articles on 384 animals included in this meta-analysis with a wide range of species include rats (n = 10) and rabbits (n = 3). The analysis revealed that PBMT reduced the mRNA expression of TNFα (SMD: -3.70, 95% CI: -6.29, -1.11, P = .005,I 2 = 71%) and IL-1β (SMD: -5.85, 95% CI: -8.01, -3.69, P < .00001,I 2 = 37%) significantly, but no statistically significant reduction in IL-6 (SMD: -2.89, 95% CI: -5.79, 0.01, P = .05,I 2 = 88%) was observed compared with the model controls. Also, PBMT increased IL-10 mRNA expression significantly compared with the model controls (SMD: 1.04, 95% CI: 0.43, 1.64, P = .0008,I 2 = 17%). Conclusion This meta-analysis revealed that the PBMT utilizes beneficial anti-inflammatory effects and modulation of the immune system on lung damage in animal models and clinical studies. However, animal models and clinical studies appear limited considering the evidence's quality; therefore, large clinical trials are still required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Arjmand
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine
Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute,
Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research
Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran
University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fakher Rahim
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research
Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran
University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Health Research Institute, Thalassemia
and Hemoglobinopathies Research Centre, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical
Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Fakher Rahim, Health Research Institute,
Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University
of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 61357-15794, Iran.
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Pereira PC, de Lima CJ, Fernandes AB, Zângaro RA, Villaverde AB. Cardiopulmonary and hematological effects of infrared LED photobiomodulation in the treatment of SARS-COV2. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2023; 238:112619. [PMID: 36495670 PMCID: PMC9721157 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 disease is caused by SARS-CoV-2 which can trigger acute respiratory syndrome, which presents with dense alveolar and interstitial infiltrates and pulmonary edema, causing severe hypoxemia and significant alteration to pulmonary mechanics with reduced pulmonary compliance. The photobiomodulation technique alters cellular and molecular metabolism, showing promising results regarding the reduction of acute pulmonary inflammation. OBJECTIVE To compare the photomodulation technique using near-infrared LED to conventional respiratory physiotherapy treatment in patients with COVID-19 in reversing acute conditions, reducing hospitalization time, and decreasing the need for oxygen therapy. METHODOLOGY The cohort was comprised of 30 patients undergoing COVID-19 treatment who were divided and allocated into two equal groups randomly: the LED group (LED), treated with infrared LED at 940 nm and conventional therapy, and the control group (CON), who received conventional treatment (antibiotic therapy for preventing superimposed bacterial infections, and physiotherapy) with LED irradiation off. Phototherapy used a vest with an array of 300 LEDs (940 nm) mounted on a 36 cm × 58 cm area and positioned in the patient's anterior thoracic and abdominal regions. The total power was 6 W, with 15 min irradiation time. Cardiopulmonary functions and blood count were monitored before and after treatment. The patients were treated daily for 7 days. Statistical analysis was conducted using a two-tailed unpaired Student's t-test at a significance level of α = 0.05. RESULTS Post-treatment, the LED group showed a reduction in hospital discharge time and a statistically significant improvement for the following cardiopulmonary functions: Partial Oxygen Saturation, Tidal Volume, Maximum Inspiratory, and Expiratory Pressures, Respiratory Frequency, Heart Rate, and Systolic Blood Pressure (p < 0.05). Regarding blood count, it was observed that post-treatment, the LED group presented with significant differences in the count of leukocytes, neutrophils, and lymphocytes. CONCLUSION Photobiomodulation therapy can be used as a complement to conventional treatment of COVID-19, promoting the improvement of cardiopulmonary functions, and minimization of respiratory symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pâmela Camila Pereira
- Anhembi Morumbi University (UAM), Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Estrada Dr. Altino Bondensan 500, Distrito de Eugênio de Melo, CEP: 12.247-016 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil,University Center of Itajubá – (FEPI), Rua Dr. Antônio Braga Filho 687, Bairro Varginha, CEP: 37501-002 Itajubá, MG, Brazil
| | - Carlos José de Lima
- Anhembi Morumbi University (UAM), Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Estrada Dr. Altino Bondensan 500, Distrito de Eugênio de Melo, CEP: 12.247-016 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil,Center of Innovation, Technology and Education – (CITE), Estrada Dr. Altino Bondensan 500, Distrito de Eugênio de Melo, CEP: 12.247-016 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriana Barrinha Fernandes
- Anhembi Morumbi University (UAM), Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Estrada Dr. Altino Bondensan 500, Distrito de Eugênio de Melo, CEP: 12.247-016 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil,Center of Innovation, Technology and Education – (CITE), Estrada Dr. Altino Bondensan 500, Distrito de Eugênio de Melo, CEP: 12.247-016 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Renato Amaro Zângaro
- Anhembi Morumbi University (UAM), Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Estrada Dr. Altino Bondensan 500, Distrito de Eugênio de Melo, CEP: 12.247-016 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil,Center of Innovation, Technology and Education – (CITE), Estrada Dr. Altino Bondensan 500, Distrito de Eugênio de Melo, CEP: 12.247-016 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio Balbin Villaverde
- Anhembi Morumbi University (UAM), Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Estrada Dr. Altino Bondensan 500, Distrito de Eugênio de Melo, CEP: 12.247-016 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil,Center of Innovation, Technology and Education – (CITE), Estrada Dr. Altino Bondensan 500, Distrito de Eugênio de Melo, CEP: 12.247-016 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil,Corresponding author at: Center of Innovation, Technology and Education – CITE, Estrada Dr. Altino Bondensan 500, Distrito de Eugênio de Melo, CEP: 12.247-016 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
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Miachon MD, Pinto NC, Zamuner SR, Chavantes MC. Analysis of the Potential of Blood Transvascular Sublingual with Light-Emitting Diode Irradiation in COVID-19 Patients: A Pilot Clinical Study. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2022; 40:622-631. [DOI: 10.1089/photob.2021.0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Domingues Miachon
- Post-Graduate Department in Medical School, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nathali Cordeiro Pinto
- Heart Institute, Clinical Hospital, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stella Regina Zamuner
- Graduate and Post-Graduate Department in Medical School, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Chavantes
- Graduate and Post-Graduate Department in Medical School, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Marashian SM, Hashemian M, Pourabdollah M, Nasseri M, Mahmoudian S, Reinhart F, Eslaminejad A. Photobiomodulation Improves Serum Cytokine Response in Mild to Moderate COVID-19: The First Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled, Pilot Study. Front Immunol 2022; 13:929837. [PMID: 35874678 PMCID: PMC9304695 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.929837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundBecause the major event in COVID-19 is the release of pre- and inflammatory cytokines, finding a reliable therapeutic strategy to inhibit this release, help patients manage organ damage and avoid ICU admission or severe disease progression is of paramount importance. Photobiomodulation (PBM), based on numerous studies, may help in this regard, and the present study sought to evaluate the effects of said technology on cytokine reduction.MethodsThis study was conducted in the 2nd half of 2021. The current study included 52 mild-to-moderately ill COVID-19, hospitalized patients. They were divided in two groups: a Placebo group and a PBM group, treated with PBM (620-635 nm light via 8 LEDs that provide an energy density of 45.40 J/cm2 and a power density of 0.12 W/cm2), twice daily for three days, along with classical approved treatment. 28 patients were in Placebo group and 24 in PBM group. In both groups, blood samples were taken four times in three days and serum IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α levels were determined.ResultsDuring the study period, in PBM group, there was a significant decrease in serum levels of IL-6 (-82.5% +/- 4, P<0.001), IL-8 (-54.4% ± 8, P<0.001), and TNF-α (-82.4% ± 8, P<0.001), although we did not detect a significant change in IL-10 during the study. The IL-6/IL-10 Ratio also improved in PBM group. The Placebo group showed no decrease or even an increase in these parameters. There were no reported complications or sequelae due to PBM therapy throughout the study.ConclusionThe major cytokines in COVID-19 pathophysiology, including IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α, responded positively to PBM therapy and opened a new window for inhibiting and managing a cytokine storm within only 3-10 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mehran Marashian
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Hashemian
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mihan Pourabdollah
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansour Nasseri
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Mahmoudian
- National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Florian Reinhart
- Medical Research & Innovation Department, Medical and Biomedical Consultancy Office “Innolys”, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
- *Correspondence: Florian Reinhart,
| | - Alireza Eslaminejad
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Huang D, Su L, He C, Chen L, Huang D, Peng J, Yang F, Cao Y, Luo X. Pristimerin alleviates cigarette smoke-induced inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease via inhibiting NF-κB pathway. Biochem Cell Biol 2022; 100:223-235. [PMID: 35833632 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2021-0251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) is a risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which can exacerbate inflammation and oxidative stress. Pristimerin (Pris) is a natural compound with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. We managed to evaluate the protective effects of Pris on CS-induced COPD. The CS-induced COPD mice model and cell model were constructed. The effects of Pris treatment on lung function, inflammatory cell infiltration, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and pathological changes of lung tissues in mice model were evaluated. The impacts of Pris treatment on inflammatory factors, chemokines, and oxidative stress parameters in mice lung tissues and cells were determined by kits. The viability of human bronchial epithelial cells after Pris treatment was tested by CCK-8. The activation of NF-κB pathway was confirmed by Western blot and immunofluorescence. CS treatment impaired lung function, reduced weight of mice, and enhanced inflammatory cell infiltration, MPO, and lung tissue damage, but these effects of CS were reversed by Pris treatment. Furthermore, Pris treatment downregulated the levels of malondialdehyde, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, CXCL1, and CXLC2, but upregulated superoxide dismutase and catalase levels. Pris treatment could overturn CS-induced activation of the NF-κB pathway. Pris alleviates CS-induced COPD by inactivating NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen City 518110, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lianhui Su
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen City 518110, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chaowen He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen City 518110, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Licheng Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen City 518110, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Dongxuan Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen City 518110, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jianfeng Peng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen City 518110, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen City 518110, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yahui Cao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen City 518110, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaohua Luo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen City 518110, Guangdong Province, China
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Kitchen LC, Berman M, Halper J, Chazot P. Rationale for 1068 nm Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT) as a Novel, Non-Invasive Treatment for COVID-19 and Other Coronaviruses: Roles of NO and Hsp70. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095221. [PMID: 35563611 PMCID: PMC9105035 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Researchers from across the world are seeking to develop effective treatments for the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, which arose as a major public health issue in 2019, and was declared a pandemic in early 2020. The pro-inflammatory cytokine storm, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multiple-organ failure, neurological problems, and thrombosis have all been linked to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) fatalities. The purpose of this review is to explore the rationale for using photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) of the particular wavelength 1068 nm as a therapy for COVID-19, investigating the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved. Our findings illustrate the efficacy of PBMT 1068 nm for cytoprotection, nitric oxide (NO) release, inflammation changes, improved blood flow, and the regulation of heat shock proteins (Hsp70). We propose, therefore, that PBMT 1068 is a potentially effective and innovative approach for avoiding severe and critical illness in COVID-19 patients, although further clinical evidence is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia C. Kitchen
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK;
| | - Marvin Berman
- Quietmind Foundation, Philadelphia, PA 19147, USA; (M.B.); (J.H.)
| | - James Halper
- Quietmind Foundation, Philadelphia, PA 19147, USA; (M.B.); (J.H.)
| | - Paul Chazot
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK;
- Correspondence:
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de Brito AA, Gonçalves Santos T, Herculano KZ, Estefano-Alves C, de Alvarenga Nascimento CR, Rigonato-Oliveira NC, Chavantes MC, Aimbire F, da Palma RK, Ligeiro de Oliveira AP. Photobiomodulation Therapy Restores IL-10 Secretion in a Murine Model of Chronic Asthma: Relevance to the Population of CD4 +CD25 +Foxp3 + Cells in Lung. Front Immunol 2022; 12:789426. [PMID: 35185864 PMCID: PMC8847394 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.789426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is largely known that photobiomodulation (PBM) has beneficial effects on allergic pulmonary inflammation. Our previous study showed an anti-inflammatory effect of the PBM in an acute experimental model of asthma, and we see that this mechanism is partly dependent on IL-10. However, it remains unclear whether the activation of regulatory T cells is mediated by PBM in a chronic experimental model of asthma. In this sense, the objective of this study was to verify the anti-inflammatory role of the PBM in the pulmonary inflammatory response in a chronic experimental asthma model. The protocol used for asthma induction was the administration of OVA subcutaneously (days 0 and 14) and intranasally (3 times/week, for 5 weeks). On day 50, the animals were sacrificed for the evaluation of the different parameters. The PBM used was the diode, with a wavelength of 660 nm, a power of 100 mW, and 5 J for 50 s/point, in three different application points. Our results showed that PBM decreases macrophages, neutrophils, and lymphocytes in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Moreover, PBM decreased the release of cytokines by the lung, mucus, and collagen in the airways and pulmonary mechanics. When we analyzed the percentage of Treg cells in the group irradiated with laser, we verified an increase in these cells, as well as the release of IL-10 in the BALF. Therefore, we conclude that the use of PBM therapy in chronic airway inflammation attenuated the inflammatory process, as well as the pulmonary functional and structural parameters, probably due to an increase in Treg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurileia Aparecida de Brito
- Department of Research, Development and Innovation, Innovative Health System Health Management (IHS Medicine and Technology), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tawany Gonçalves Santos
- Post-Graduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karine Zanella Herculano
- Post-Graduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cintia Estefano-Alves
- Post-Graduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Flávio Aimbire
- Translational Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo—UNIFESP, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Renata Kelly da Palma
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
- Human Movement and Rehabilitation, Post-Graduate Program Medical School, Evangelic University of Anápolis—UniEVANGELICA, Anápolis, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Ligeiro de Oliveira
- Post-Graduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
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Tsai CM, Chang SF, Li CC, Chang H. Transcranial photobiomodulation (808 nm) attenuates pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures by suppressing hippocampal neuroinflammation, astrogliosis, and microgliosis in peripubertal rats. NEUROPHOTONICS 2022; 9:015006. [PMID: 35345494 PMCID: PMC8955735 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.9.1.015006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) at 808 nm attenuates pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures and convulsive status epilepticus (CSE) in peripubertal rats by protecting neurons from injury and parvalbumin-positive interneurons from apoptosis, and preserving the integrity of perisomatic inhibitory networks. However, the effects of tPBM on neuroinflammation, astrogliosis, and microgliosis in epileptic rat brains are unknown. Thus, further study to unveil these aspects is needed for understanding the phenomena of tPBM on pediatric CSE prevention. Aim: To evaluate the effects of tPBM on neuroinflammation, astrogliosis, and microgliosis in peripubertal rat hippocampus with PTZ-induced seizures and SE. Approach: An 808-nm diode laser was applied transcranially to peripubertal rats prior to PTZ injection. Immunofluorescence staining of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) was used as a marker of neuroinflammation, glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) for astrogliosis, ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1) for microgliosis, and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (MT-CO1) for confirming the involvement of cytochrome c oxidase (CCO). Results: tPBM significantly reduced NSE immunoreactivity in CA3 in PTZ-treated rats, GFAP immunoreactivity in CA1, and Iba-1 immunoreactivity in CA3. Enhancement of hippocampal MT-CO1 reflected that tPBM acted in CCO-dependent manner. Conclusions: tPBM (808) attenuated PTZ-induced seizures and SE by suppressing neuroinflammation, astrogliosis, and microgliosis in peripubertal rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Min Tsai
- Taipei Medical University, Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- MacKay Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shwu-Fen Chang
- Taipei Medical University, Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chuan Li
- Taipei Medical University Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsi Chang
- Taipei Medical University Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taipei Medical University, College of Medicine, School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Taipei, Taiwan
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Raji H, Arjmand B, Rahim F. The Probable Protective Effect of Photobiomodulation on the Inflammation of the Airway and Lung in COVID-19 Treatment: A Preclinical and Clinical Meta-Analysis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1376:29-44. [PMID: 34907516 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2021_665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Preliminary studies also show that many of the fatalities of COVID-19 are due to over-activity of the immune system, and photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy mainly accelerates wound healing and reduces pain and inflammation. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the probable effect of the PBM therapy on the lung inflammation or ARDS and accelerate the regeneration of the damaged tissue. We systematically searched major indexing databases, including PubMed/Medline, ISI web of science (WOS), Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane central, using standard terms without any language, study region, or type restrictions. Of the 438 studies found through initial searches, 13 met the inclusion criteria. After applying the exclusion criteria, the main properties of 13 articles on 384 animals included in this meta-analysis with a wide range of species include rat (n = 10) and rabbit (n = 3). The analysis revealed that PBM therapy reduced TNFα (SMD:-3.75, 95% CI: -4.49, -3.02, P < 0.00001, I2 = 10%), IL-1β (SMD:-4.65, 95% CI: -6.15, -3.16, P < 0.00001, I2 = 62%), and IL-6 (SMD:-4.20, 95% CI: -6.42, -1.97, P = 0.0002, I2 = 88%) significantly compared with the model controls. Hence, PBM therapy increased IL-10 significantly compared with the model controls (SMD:-4.65, 95% CI: -6.15, -3.16, P < 0.00001, I2 = 62%). PBM therapy also reduced MPO activity (SMD:-2.13, 95% CI: -3.38, -0.87, P = 0.0009, I2 = 64%) and vascular permeability (SMD:-2.59, 95% CI: -4.40, -0.77, P = 0.0052, I2 = 71%) in the lung using the Evans blue extravasation technique significantly compared with the model controls. This systematic review and meta-analysis revealed that the PBM therapy does utilize beneficial anti-inflammatory effect, modulation of the immune system, lung permeability, or bronchoalveolar lavage on lung damage in both animal models and clinical studies. However, animal model and clinical studies appear limited considering the quality of the included evidences; therefore, large clinical trials are still required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Raji
- Department of Internal Medicine, Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Babak Arjmand
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fakher Rahim
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,PhD in Clinical Bioinformatics, Health Research Institute, Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathies Research Centre, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Influence of photobiomodulation therapy on the treatment of pulmonary inflammatory conditions and its impact on COVID-19. Lasers Med Sci 2021; 37:1921-1929. [PMID: 34694503 PMCID: PMC8543774 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-021-03452-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We are currently facing a pandemic that continuously causes high death rates and has negative economic and psychosocial impacts. Therefore, this period requires a quick search for viable procedures that can allow us to use safe and non-invasive clinical tools as prophylactic or even adjuvant methods in the treatment of COVID-19. Some evidence shows that photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) can attenuate the inflammatory response and reduce respiratory disorders similar to acute lung injury (ALI), complications associated with infections, such as the one caused by the new Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Hence, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of PBMT (infrared low-level laser therapy) on the treatment of ALI, one of the main critical complications of COVID-19 infection, in an experimental model in rats. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly allocated to three experimental groups (n = 8): control group (CG), controlled ALI (ALI), and acute lung injury and PBM (ALIP). For treatment, a laser equipment was used (808 nm; 30 mw; 1.68 J) applied at three sites (anterior region of the trachea and in the ventral regions of the thorax, bilaterally) in the period of 1 and 24 h after induction of ALI. For treatment evaluation, descriptive histopathological analysis, lung injury score, analysis of the number of inflammatory cells, and expression of interleukin 1 β (IL-1β) were performed. In the results, it was possible to observe that the treatment with PBMT reduced inflammatory infiltrates, thickening of the alveolar septum, and lung injury score when compared to the ALI group. In addition, PBMT showed lower immunoexpression of IL-1β. Therefore, based on the results observed in the present study, it can be concluded that treatment with PBMT (infrared low-level laser therapy) was able to induce an adequate tissue response capable of modulating the signs of inflammatory process in ALI, one of the main complications of COVID-19.
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de Matos BTL, Buchaim DV, Pomini KT, Barbalho SM, Guiguer EL, Reis CHB, Bueno CRDS, da Cunha MR, Pereira EDSBM, Buchaim RL. Photobiomodulation Therapy as a Possible New Approach in COVID-19: A Systematic Review. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:580. [PMID: 34207199 PMCID: PMC8233727 DOI: 10.3390/life11060580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is a viral disease characterized as a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. Since then, researchers from all over the world have been looking for ways to fight this disease. Many cases of complications arise from insufficient immune responses due to low immunity, with intense release of pro-inflammatory cytokines that can damage the structure of organs such as the lung. Thus, the hypothesis arises that photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) with the use of a low-level laser (LLLT) may be an ally approach to patients with COVID-19 since it is effective for increasing immunity, helping tissue repair, and reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines. This systematic review was performed with the use of PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar databases with the following keywords: "low-level laser therapy OR photobiomodulation therapy AND COVID-19". The inclusion criteria were complete articles published from January 2020 to January 2021 in English. The exclusion criteria were other languages, editorials, reviews, brief communications, letters to the editor, comments, conference abstracts, and articles that did not provide the full text. The bibliographic search found 18 articles in the Pubmed/MEDLINE database, 118 articles on the Web of Science, 23 articles on Scopus, and 853 articles on Google Scholar. Ten articles were included for qualitative synthesis, of which four commentary articles discussed the pathogenesis and the effect of PBMT in COVID-19. Two in vitro and lab experiments showed the effect of PBMT on prevention of thrombosis and positive results in wound healing during viral infection, using the intravascular irradiation (ILIB) associated with Phthalomethyl D. Two case reports showed PBMT improved the respiratory indexes, radiological findings, and inflammatory markers in severe COVID-19 patients. One case series reported the clinical improvement after PBMT on 14 acute COVID-19 patients, rehabilitation on 24 patients, and as a preventive treatment on 70 people. One clinical trial of 30 patients with severe COVID-19 who require invasive mechanical ventilation, showed PBMT-static magnetic field was not statistically different from placebo for the length of stay in the Intensive Care Unit, but improved diaphragm muscle function and ventilation and decreased the inflammatory markers. This review suggests that PBMT may have a positive role in treatment of COVID-19. Still, the necessity for more clinical trials remains in this field and there is not sufficient research evidence regarding the effects of PBMT and COVID-19 disease, and there is a large gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Thaynne Lima de Matos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry (FOB/USP), University of São Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, SP, Brazil; (B.T.L.d.M.); (K.T.P.); (C.H.B.R.); (C.R.d.S.B.)
| | - Daniela Vieira Buchaim
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, Postgraduate Department, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (D.V.B.); (S.M.B.); (E.L.G.); (E.d.S.B.M.P.)
- Department of Human Anatomy and Neuroanatomy, University Center of Adamantina (UniFAI), Medical School, Adamantina 17800-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Karina Torres Pomini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry (FOB/USP), University of São Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, SP, Brazil; (B.T.L.d.M.); (K.T.P.); (C.H.B.R.); (C.R.d.S.B.)
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, Postgraduate Department, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (D.V.B.); (S.M.B.); (E.L.G.); (E.d.S.B.M.P.)
| | - Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, Postgraduate Department, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (D.V.B.); (S.M.B.); (E.L.G.); (E.d.S.B.M.P.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Food Technology of Marília, Marília 17506-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Elen Landgraf Guiguer
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, Postgraduate Department, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (D.V.B.); (S.M.B.); (E.L.G.); (E.d.S.B.M.P.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Food Technology of Marília, Marília 17506-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique Bertoni Reis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry (FOB/USP), University of São Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, SP, Brazil; (B.T.L.d.M.); (K.T.P.); (C.H.B.R.); (C.R.d.S.B.)
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, Postgraduate Department, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (D.V.B.); (S.M.B.); (E.L.G.); (E.d.S.B.M.P.)
| | - Cleuber Rodrigo de Souza Bueno
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry (FOB/USP), University of São Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, SP, Brazil; (B.T.L.d.M.); (K.T.P.); (C.H.B.R.); (C.R.d.S.B.)
| | | | - Eliana de Souza Bastos Mazuqueli Pereira
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, Postgraduate Department, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (D.V.B.); (S.M.B.); (E.L.G.); (E.d.S.B.M.P.)
| | - Rogerio Leone Buchaim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry (FOB/USP), University of São Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, SP, Brazil; (B.T.L.d.M.); (K.T.P.); (C.H.B.R.); (C.R.d.S.B.)
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Hyperinflammation and airway surface liquid dehydration in cystic fibrosis: purinergic system as therapeutic target. Inflamm Res 2021; 70:633-649. [PMID: 33904934 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-021-01464-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN The exacerbate inflammatory response contributes to the progressive loss of lung function in cystic fibrosis (CF), a genetic disease that affects the osmotic balance of mucus and mucociliary clearance, resulting in a microenvironment that favors infection and inflammation. The purinergic system, an extracellular signaling pathway characterized by nucleotides, enzymes and receptors, may have a protective role in the disease, through its action in airway surface liquid (ASL) and anti-inflammatory response. MATERIALS AND METHODS To make up this review, studies covering topics of CF, inflammation, ASL and purinergic system were selected from the main medical databases, such as Pubmed and ScienceDirect. CONCLUSION We propose several ways to modulate the purinergic system as a potential therapy for CF, like inhibition of P2X7, activation of P2Y2, A2A and A2B receptors and blocking of adenosine deaminase. Among them, we postulate that the most suitable strategy is to block the action of adenosine deaminase, which culminates in the increase of Ado levels that presents anti-inflammatory actions and improves mucociliary clearance. Furthermore, it is possible to maintain the physiological levels of ATP to control the hydration of ASL. These therapies could correct the main mechanisms that contribute to the progression of CF.
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Pelletier‐Aouizerate M, Zivic Y. Early cases of acute infectious respiratory syndrome treated with photobiomodulation, diagnosis and intervention: Two case reports. Clin Case Rep 2021; 9:2429-2437. [PMID: 33959281 PMCID: PMC8077509 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.4058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PBMT using 630 + 660 nm wavelengths transcutaneously at 7 cm above chest area irradiating lungs and heart regions of patients with acute, infectious respiratory syndrome alleviated their respiratory symptoms, mitigated pulmonary inflammation and hypoxia. PBMT could prevent more severe respiratory distress requiring emergency care and reduce the strain on healthcare. This case report's clinical experience can be the basis of future research evaluating oxygen saturation levels pre- and post-PBMT.
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Vetrici MA, Mokmeli S, Bohm AR, Monici M, Sigman SA. Evaluation of Adjunctive Photobiomodulation (PBMT) for COVID-19 Pneumonia via Clinical Status and Pulmonary Severity Indices in a Preliminary Trial. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:965-979. [PMID: 33776469 PMCID: PMC7989376 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s301625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Evidence-based and effective treatments for COVID-19 are limited, and a new wave of infections and deaths calls for novel, easily implemented treatment strategies. Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) is a well-known adjunctive treatment for pain management, wound healing, lymphedema, and cellulitis. PBMT uses light to start a cascade of photochemical reactions that lead to local and systemic anti-inflammatory effects at multiple levels and that stimulate healing. Numerous empirical studies of PBMT for patients with pulmonary disease such as pneumonia, COPD and asthma suggest that PBMT is a safe and effective adjunctive treatment. Recent systematic reviews suggest that PBMT may be applied to target lung tissue in COVID-19 patients. In this preliminary study, we evaluated the effect of adjunctive PBMT on COVID-19 pneumonia and patient clinical status. PATIENTS AND METHODS We present a small-scale clinical trial with 10 patients randomized to standard medical care or standard medical care plus adjunctive PBMT. The PBMT group received four daily sessions of near-infrared light treatment targeting the lung tissue via a Multiwave Locked System (MLS) laser. Patient outcomes were measured via blood work, chest x-rays, pulse oximetry and validated scoring tools for pneumonia. RESULTS PBMT patients showed improvement on pulmonary indices such as SMART-COP, BCRSS, RALE, and CAP (Community-Acquired Pneumonia questionnaire). PBMT-treated patients showed rapid recovery, did not require ICU admission or mechanical ventilation, and reported no long-term sequelae at 5 months after treatment. In the control group, 60% of patients were admitted to the ICU for mechanical ventilation. The control group had an overall mortality of 40%. At a 5-month follow-up, 40% of the control group experienced long-term sequelae. CONCLUSION PBMT is a safe and effective potential treatment for COVID-19 pneumonia and improves clinical status in COVID-19 pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana A Vetrici
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Soheila Mokmeli
- Training Institute, Canadian Optic and Laser Center, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Andrew R Bohm
- Department of Orthopedics, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Monica Monici
- ASA Campus J.L., ASA Res. Division – Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Scott A Sigman
- Department of Orthopedics, Lowell General Hospital, Lowell, MA, 01863, USA
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19
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Meng F, Chen P, Guo X, Li X, Wu Y, Liu W, Jiang F, Liu H, Wang L. Correlations between Serum P2X7, Vitamin A, 25-hydroxy Vitamin D, and Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Pneumonia. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 35:e23760. [PMID: 33724522 PMCID: PMC8128307 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Identifying new molecular diagnostic markers for Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Pneumonia (MPP) has always been an essential topic since MPP cases have increased every year, especially among children. Here, we examined the correlation between serum level of Purinergic receptor P2X7, vitamin A, and 25‐hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) and the severity of MPP, aiming to identify molecules that have the potential to become diagnostic markers. Methods This study was conducted on 186 cases aged 1–14 (136 MPP and 50 non‐MPP patients). Serum levels of Purinergic receptor P2X7, vitamin A, 25(OH)D, and multiple inflammatory and immune factors were measured, compared, and tested for statistical significance. Results Serum P2X7, tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), and interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) levels were significantly increased in severe MPP patients, while serum vitamin A, 25(OH)D, IgA, and IgG levels were significantly decreased. Conclusion Our results demonstrated a positive correlation between serum P2X7 level and the severity of MPP, and negative correlations between serum levels of vitamin A and 25(OH)D and the severity of MPP, suggesting that high serum levels of P2X7 and low serum levels of vitamin A and 25(OH)D may indicate relatively severer MPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanjun Meng
- Medical Laboratory, Hospital of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Medical Experiment Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaolong Guo
- Medical Experiment Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaoru Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shizuishan Second People's Hospital, Shizuishan, China
| | - Yuexuan Wu
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Wenen Liu
- Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Lixin Wang
- Medical Experiment Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
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Hanna R, Dalvi S, Sălăgean T, Pop ID, Bordea IR, Benedicenti S. Understanding COVID-19 Pandemic: Molecular Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Strategies. An Evidence-Based Review. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:13-56. [PMID: 33447071 PMCID: PMC7802346 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s282213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Initially, the SARS-CoV-2 virus was considered as a pneumonia virus; however, a series of peer reviewed medical papers published in the last eight months suggest that this virus attacks the brain, heart, intestine, nervous and vascular systems, as well the blood stream. Although many facts remain unknown, an objective appraisal of the current scientific literature addressing the latest progress on COVID-19 is required. The aim of the present study was to conduct a critical review of the literature, focusing on the current molecular structure of SARS-CoV-2 and prospective treatment modalities of COVID-19. The main objectives were to collect, scrutinize and objectively evaluate the current scientific evidence-based information, as well to provide an updated overview of the topic that is ongoing. The authors underlined potential prospective therapies, including vaccine and phototherapy, as a monotherapy or combined with current treatment modalities. The authors concluded that this review has produced high quality evidence, which can be utilized by the clinical scientific community for future reference, as the knowledge and understanding of the SARS-CoV-2 virus are evolving, in terms of its epidemiological, pathogenicity, and clinical manifestations, which ultimately map the strategic path, towards an effective and safe treatment and production of a reliable and potent vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Hanna
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, Laser Therapy Centre, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Oral Surgery, Dental Institute, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Snehal Dalvi
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, Laser Therapy Centre, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Periodontology, Swargiya Dadasaheb Kalmegh Smruti Dental College and Hospital, Nagpur, India
| | - Tudor Sălăgean
- Department of Land Measurements and Exact Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Delia Pop
- Department of Land Measurements and Exact Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Roxana Bordea
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Stefano Benedicenti
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, Laser Therapy Centre, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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21
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Jahani Sherafat S, Mokmeli S, Rostami-Nejad M, Razaghi Z, Rezaei Tavirani M, Razzaghi M. The Effectiveness of Photobiomudulation Therapy (PBMT) in COVID-19 Infection. J Lasers Med Sci 2020; 11:S23-S29. [PMID: 33995965 DOI: 10.34172/jlms.2020.s4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Currently, the COVID-19 pandemic is an important health challenge worldwide. Due to the cytokine storm, the mortality rate in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is high, but until now no therapy for these patients was approved. The aim of this review was to discuss the possible anti-inflammatory effect of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) on ARSD patients and present the potential role of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in the improvement of respiratory symptoms associated with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Methods: Studies about PBMT in inflammation and ARSD patients were examined. A primary search with reviewing English-language citations between 2005 and 2020 using the keywords COVID-19, ADRS, cytokine storm, low-level laser therapy, anti-inflammatory, and photobiomodulation was performed. The initial search yielded 818 articles; however, 60 articles were selected and discussed in the present study. Results: The results of the selected studies showed the usefulness of PBMT in the treatment of inflammation and ARSD in patients with COVID-19 infection. This therapy is non-invasive and safe to modulate the immune responses in ARSD patients. Conclusion: PBMT can potentially reduce the viral load and bacterial super-infections in patients with COVID-19 infection and control the inflammatory response. Therefore, the use of PBMT could be an efficient strategy for preventing severe and critical illness in SARS-COV2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Jahani Sherafat
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila Mokmeli
- Canadian Optic and Laser Center (Training Institute), Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Mohammad Rostami-Nejad
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Razaghi
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammadreza Razzaghi
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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22
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Liebert A, Bicknell B, Markman W, Kiat H. A Potential Role for Photobiomodulation Therapy in Disease Treatment and Prevention in the Era of COVID-19. Aging Dis 2020; 11:1352-1362. [PMID: 33269093 PMCID: PMC7673843 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.0901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is an evolving pandemic that has far reaching global effects, with a combination of factors that makes the virus difficult to contain. The symptoms of infection can be devastating or at the least very debilitating for vulnerable individuals. It is clear that the elderly are at most risk of the adverse impacts of the virus, including hospitalization and death. Others at risk are those with comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease and metabolic conditions and those with a hyper-excitable immune response. Treatment options for those with acute responses to the virus are limited and there is an urgent need for potential strategies that can mitigate these severe effects. One potential avenue for treatment that has not been explored is the microbiome gut/lung axis. In addition to those severely affected by their acute reaction to the virus, there is also a need for treatment options for those that are slow to recover from the effects of the infection and also those who have been adversely affected by the measures put in place to arrest the spread of the virus. One potential treatment option is photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy. PBM has been shown over many years to be a safe, effective, non-invasive and easily deployed adjunctive treatment option for inflammatory conditions, pain, tissue healing and cellular energy. We have also recently demonstrated the effectiveness of PBM to alter the gut microbiome. PBM therapy is worthy of consideration as a potential treatment for those most vulnerable to COVID-19, such as the elderly and those with comorbidities. The treatment may potentially be advantageous for those infected with the virus, those who have a slow recovery from the effects of the virus and those who have been denied their normal exercise/rehabilitation programs due to the isolation restrictions that have been imposed to control the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Liebert
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
- Research and Governance, Adventist Hospital Group, Wahroonga, Australia.
- SYMBYX Pty Ltd, Artarmon, Australia.
| | - Brian Bicknell
- SYMBYX Pty Ltd, Artarmon, Australia.
- Faculty of Health Science, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, Australia.
| | - Wayne Markman
- SYMBYX Pty Ltd, Artarmon, Australia.
- School of Business, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Hosen Kiat
- Cardiac Health Institute, Sydney, Australia.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Kensington, Australia.
- Faculty of Medicine, health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, Australia
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23
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Soheilifar S, Fathi H, Naghdi N. Photobiomodulation therapy as a high potential treatment modality for COVID-19. Lasers Med Sci 2020; 36:935-938. [PMID: 33241526 PMCID: PMC7688201 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-020-03206-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 is now a worldwide concern, causing an unprecedented pandemic. The infected cases show different symptoms based on the severity of the disease. In asymptomatic and non-severe symptomatic cases, the host immune system can successfully eliminate the virus and its effects. In severe cases, however, immune system impairment causes cytokine release syndrome which eventually leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In recent years, photobiomodulation (PBM) has shown promising results in reducing acute pulmonary inflammation. Considering the high potential impact of PBM on immune responses, we hypothesized that using PBM could be an effective treatment modality for ARDS management in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Soheilifar
- Orthodontics Department, Dental Implant Research Center, Dental faculty, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Homa Fathi
- Dentistry Faculty, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Navid Naghdi
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Dental Implant Research Center, Dental Faculty, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Fahmideh street, Hamadan, 654178-38741, Iran.
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24
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Hanna R, Dalvi S, Sălăgean T, Bordea IR, Benedicenti S. Phototherapy as a Rational Antioxidant Treatment Modality in COVID-19 Management; New Concept and Strategic Approach: Critical Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E875. [PMID: 32947974 PMCID: PMC7555229 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has taken the entire globe by storm. The pathogenesis of this virus has shown a cytokine storm release, which contributes to critical or severe multi-organ failure. Currently the ultimate treatment is palliative; however, many modalities have been introduced with effective or minimal outcomes. Meanwhile, enormous efforts are ongoing to produce safe vaccines and therapies. Phototherapy has a wide range of clinical applications against various maladies. This necessitates the exploration of the role of phototherapy, if any, for COVID-19. This critical review was conducted to understand COVID-19 disease and highlights the prevailing facts that link phototherapy utilisation as a potential treatment modality for SARS-CoV-2 viral infection. The results demonstrated phototherapy's efficacy in regulating cytokines and inflammatory mediators, increasing angiogenesis and enhancing healing in chronic pulmonary inflammatory diseases. In conclusion, this review answered the following research question. Which molecular and cellular mechanisms of action of phototherapy have demonstrated great potential in enhancing the immune response and reducing host-viral interaction in COVID-19 patients? Therefore, phototherapy is a promising treatment modality, which needs to be validated further for COVID-19 by robust and rigorous randomised, double blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trials to evaluate its impartial outcomes and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Hanna
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, Laser Therapy Centre, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV,6, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (S.D.); (S.B.)
- Department of Oral Surgery, Dental Institute, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Snehal Dalvi
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, Laser Therapy Centre, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV,6, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (S.D.); (S.B.)
- Department of Periodontology, Swargiya Dadasaheb Kalmegh Smruti Dental College and Hospital, Nagpur 441110, India
| | - Tudor Sălăgean
- Department of Land Measurements and Exact Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Roxana Bordea
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Stefano Benedicenti
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, Laser Therapy Centre, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV,6, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (S.D.); (S.B.)
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25
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Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a life‐threatening disease characterized by increased pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance, which result in an increase in afterload imposed onto the right ventricle, leading to right heart failure. Current therapies are incapable of reversing the disease progression. Thus, the identification of novel and potential therapeutic targets is urgently needed. An alteration of nucleotide‐ and nucleoside‐activated purinergic signaling has been proposed as a potential contributor in the pathogenesis of PAH. Adenosine‐mediated purinergic 1 receptor activation, particularly A2AR activation, reduces pulmonary vascular resistance and attenuates pulmonary vascular remodeling and right ventricle hypertrophy, thereby exerting a protective effect. Conversely, A2BR activation induces pulmonary vascular remodeling, and is therefore deleterious. ATP‐mediated P2X7R activation and ADP‐mediated activation of P2Y1R and P2Y12R play a role in pulmonary vascular tone, vascular remodeling, and inflammation in PAH. Recent studies have revealed a role of ectonucleotidase nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase, that degrades ATP/ADP, in regulation of pulmonary vascular remodeling. Interestingly, existing evidence that adenosine activates erythrocyte A2BR signaling, counteracting hypoxia‐induced pulmonary injury, and that ATP release is impaired in erythrocyte in PAH implies erythrocyte dysfunction as an important trigger to affect purinergic signaling for pathogenesis of PAH. The present review focuses on current knowledge on alteration of nucleot(s)ide‐mediated purinergic signaling as a potential disease mechanism underlying the development of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongye Cai
- Division of Experimental Cardiology Department of Cardiology Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center Rotterdam Rotterdam the Netherlands
| | - Ly Tu
- INSERM UMR_S 999Hôpital Marie Lannelongue Le Plessis-Robinson France.,School of Medicine Université Paris-Saclay Kremlin-Bicêtre France
| | - Christophe Guignabert
- INSERM UMR_S 999Hôpital Marie Lannelongue Le Plessis-Robinson France.,School of Medicine Université Paris-Saclay Kremlin-Bicêtre France
| | - Daphne Merkus
- Division of Experimental Cardiology Department of Cardiology Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center Rotterdam Rotterdam the Netherlands.,Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine LMU Munich Munich Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site MunichMunich Heart Alliance Munich Germany
| | - Zhichao Zhou
- Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine Karolinska University HospitalKarolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
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26
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Rosa EP, Murakami-Malaquias-da-Silva F, Palma-Cruz M, de Carvalho Garcia G, Brito AA, Andreo L, Kamei SK, Negreiros RM, Rodrigues MFDSSD, Mesquita-Ferrari RA, Bussadori SK, Fernandes KPS, Ligeiro-de-Oliveira AP, Lino-Dos-Santos-Franco A, Horliana ACRT. The impact of periodontitis in the course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Pulmonary and systemic effects. Life Sci 2020; 261:118257. [PMID: 32822712 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to verify the impact of periodontitis in the course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in C57Bl/6J mice. MAIN METHODS The animals were randomly divided into four groups (n = 8): Basal, Periodontitis (P), COPD and COPD+P. COPD was induced by orotracheal instillation of 30 μl of cigarette extract 3 times/week for 7 weeks. Periodontitis was induced by ligation technique for 22 days. Euthanasia was performed on 51st day. The analyzes were total/differential cells and cytokines recovered from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), total/differential blood cell count, platelets, total marrow cell count, airway collagen deposition, alveolar enlargement analyzed by mean linear intercept (Lm), mucus and bone crest reabsorption. One-way ANOVA followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls was used. KEY FINDINGS The association COPD+P decreased macrophages (p = 0,0351), TNF-α (p = 0,0071) and INF-γ (p = 0,0004) in BAL, when compared to the COPD group maintaining emphysema levels by alveolar enlargement (p < .05) reorganization of collagen fibers (p = .001) and also mean linear intercept (lm) (p = .001) and mucus (p = .0001). The periodontitis group caused TNF-α increase (p = 0, 0001) in BAL. SIGNIFICANCE Periodontitis, per se, does not alter any of the parameters analyzed, except for increased TNF-α in BAL. However, its association with COPD caused macrophages TNF-α and INF-γ alterations, when compared to the COPD group maintaining emphysema levels by alveolar enlargement and reorganization of collagen fibers. It seems that periodontitis is influencing the course of Th1 profile cell, and cytokines and pulmonary alterations. Further studies are needed to clarify the regulatory process underlying these two diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Perim Rosa
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marlon Palma-Cruz
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Geovana de Carvalho Garcia
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Auriléia Aparecida Brito
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Andreo
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sergio Koiti Kamei
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata Matalon Negreiros
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Sandra Kalil Bussadori
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Paula Ligeiro-de-Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
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27
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Sigman SA, Mokmeli S, Monici M, Vetrici MA. A 57-Year-Old African American Man with Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia Who Responded to Supportive Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT): First Use of PBMT in COVID-19. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2020; 21:e926779. [PMID: 32865522 PMCID: PMC7449510 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.926779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Patient: Male, 57-year-old Final Diagnosis: COVID-19 Symptoms: Shortness of breath • hypoxia Medication: — Clinical Procedure: Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) Specialty: Infectious Diseases • Pulmonology
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Sigman
- Team Physician, UMASS Lowell, Fellow of the World Society of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Chelmsford, MA, USA
| | - Soheila Mokmeli
- Training Institute, Canadian Optic and Laser Center, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Monica Monici
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Mariana A Vetrici
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
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28
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Mokmeli S, Vetrici M. Low level laser therapy as a modality to attenuate cytokine storm at multiple levels, enhance recovery, and reduce the use of ventilators in COVID-19. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY THERAPY : CJRT = REVUE CANADIENNE DE LA THERAPIE RESPIRATOIRE : RCTR 2020; 56:25-31. [PMID: 32844112 PMCID: PMC7428000 DOI: 10.29390/cjrt-2020-015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The global pandemic COVID-19 is a contagious disease and its mortality rates ranging from 1% to 5% are likely due to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and cytokine storm. A significant proportion of patients who require intubation succumb to the disease, despite the availability of ventilators and the best treatment practices. Researchers worldwide are in search of anti-inflammatory medicines in the hope of finding a cure for COVID-19. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has strong, anti-inflammatory effects confirmed by meta-analyses, and it may be therapeutic to ARDS. LLLT has been used for pain management, wound healing, and other health conditions by physicians, physiotherapists, and nurses worldwide for decades. In addition, it has been used in veterinary medicine for respiratory tract disease such as pneumonia. Laser light with low-power intensity is applied to the surface of the skin to produce local and systemic effects. Based on the clinical experience, peer-reviewed studies, and solid laboratory data in experimental animal models, LLLT attenuates cytokine storm at multiple levels and reduces the major inflammatory metabolites. LLLT is a safe, effective, low-cost modality without any side-effects that may be combined with conventional treatment of ARDS. We summarize the effects of LLLT on pulmonary inflammation and we provide a protocol for augmenting medical treatment in COVID-19 patients. LLLT combined with conventional medical therapy has the potential to prevent the progression of COVID-19, minimize the length of time needed on a ventilator, enhance the healing process, and shorten recovery time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheila Mokmeli
- Canadian Optic and Laser Center (Training Institute), Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Mariana Vetrici
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
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29
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Camacho AD. Author's Response to Ferreira: Can Transdermal Photobiomodulation Help Us at the Time of COVID-19? An Update. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2020; 38:328-331. [PMID: 32579491 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2020.4899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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30
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The Effect of Four Weeks of Low-Level Laser Radiation (660 nm) on Movement Recovery and Fibroblasts Invasion. ARCHIVES OF NEUROSCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/ans.87225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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31
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Effect of Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) in Pulmonary Inflammation in Asthma Induced by House Dust Mite (HDM): Dosimetry Study. Int J Inflam 2019; 2019:3945496. [PMID: 31015955 PMCID: PMC6448342 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3945496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is characterized by chronic inflammation in the airways. Several models have been proposed for the discovery of new therapies. Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) is relatively new and effective, very low cost, with no side effects. However, there is still no consensus on the optimal dose to be used. In this sense, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the best dose in an experimental model of asthma induced by House Dust Mite (HDM). Balb/c mice received administration of 100 ug/animal HDM and LLLT applications (diode laser: 660 nm, 100 mW and four different energies 1J, 3J, 5J, and 7.5J) for 16 days. After 24 hours, we studied inflammatory, functional, and structural parameters. The results showed that LBI was able to modulate the pulmonary inflammation observed by reducing the number of cells in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid (BALF) as well as reducing the percentage of neutrophils, eosinophils and T lymphocytes. On the other hand, LLLT increased the level of IL-10 and reduced levels of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 in BALF. LLLT was able to reduce the production of mucus, peribronchial eosinophils, collagen deposition, bronchoconstriction index, and bronchial and muscular thickening in the airways. We concluded that the use of LLLT in the treatment of chronic inflammation of the airways attenuated the inflammatory process and functional and structural parameters. We emphasize, in general, that the 1J and 3J laser presented better results. Thus, photobiomodulation may be considered a promising tool for the treatment of chronic pulmonary allergic inflammation observed in asthma.
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