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Moutassem D, Boubellouta T, Bellik Y, Rouis Z, Kucher DE, Utkina AO, Kucher OD, Mironova OA, Kavhiza NJ, Rebouh NY. Insecticidal activity of Thymus pallescens de Noë and Cymbogon citratus essential oils against Sitophilus zeamais and Tribolium castaneum. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13951. [PMID: 38886531 PMCID: PMC11183130 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64757-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The thrust of the study was to determine the chemical composition of the essential oils extracted from Thymus pallescens de Noé and Cymbogon citratus Stapf. as well as to evaluate their efficacy in controlling Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) in either single or combined populations. Carvacrol (56.04%) and geraniol (20.86%) were identified as the major constituents of T. pallescens and C. citratus respectively. The tested essential oils showed pronounced insecticidal activity against the pest species in relation with the applied doses. T. pallescens EO had the highest efficacy and S. zeamais was found to be more susceptible to both individual and combined treatments. With reference to the contact and fumigation assessments, T. pallescens EO effectuated corrected mortality rates ranging from 42.5-100% to 25-100% in S. zeamais with corresponding lethal concentration (LC50) values of 17.7 µl/ml and 15µL/L air respectively. Whereas, the T. pallescens EO exhibited corrected mortality rates of 42.5-100% and 20-100% with corresponding LC50 values of 18.1 µl/ml and 15.5 µL/L air against T. castaneum in contact and fumigation assessments, respectively. The corrected mortality rates increased for both insect species when using combination treatments, with significant increases in the LC50 values, ranging from 8.59 to 49.9% for both pest species. Analysis of energy biomarkers in the treated insects indicate significantly increased protein and carbohydrate contents and decreased lipids levels. The study therefore demonstrated the bio-insecticidal toxicity of the EOs from T. pallescens and C. citratus against two important maize post-harvest pests, concurrently revealing significant positive and negative insecticidal activity gradients in relation to single or combined populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahou Moutassem
- Laboratory of Characterization and Valorization of Natural Resources (L.C.V.R), Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences and of Earth and Universe Sciences, Mohamed El Bachir El Ibrahimi University, 34000, Bordj Bou Arreridj, Algeria
| | - Tahar Boubellouta
- Laboratory of Characterization and Valorization of Natural Resources (L.C.V.R), Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences and of Earth and Universe Sciences, Mohamed El Bachir El Ibrahimi University, 34000, Bordj Bou Arreridj, Algeria
| | - Yuva Bellik
- Laboratory of Characterization and Valorization of Natural Resources (L.C.V.R), Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences and of Earth and Universe Sciences, Mohamed El Bachir El Ibrahimi University, 34000, Bordj Bou Arreridj, Algeria
| | - Zyed Rouis
- Laboratory of Genetic, Biodiversity and Bio-Resources Valorization, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Dmitry E Kucher
- Department of Environmental Management, Institute of Environmental Engineering, RUDN University, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow, Russia, 117198
| | - Aleksandra O Utkina
- Department of Environmental Management, Institute of Environmental Engineering, RUDN University, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow, Russia, 117198
| | - Olga D Kucher
- Department of Environmental Management, Institute of Environmental Engineering, RUDN University, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow, Russia, 117198
| | - Olga A Mironova
- Department of Environmental Management, Institute of Environmental Engineering, RUDN University, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow, Russia, 117198
| | - Nyasha J Kavhiza
- Department of Environmental Management, Institute of Environmental Engineering, RUDN University, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow, Russia, 117198.
| | - Nazih Y Rebouh
- Department of Environmental Management, Institute of Environmental Engineering, RUDN University, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow, Russia, 117198.
- V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute, Pyzhyovskiy Lane 7 building 2, Moscow, Russian Federation, 119017.
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Cao J, Zheng W, Chen B, Yan Z, Tang X, Li J, Zhang Z, Ang S, Li C, Wu R, Wu P, Chen WH. Chemical Composition of Essential Oil from Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. Chachiensis (Chachi) and Its Anti-Mosquito Activity against Pyrethroid-Resistant Aedes albopictus. INSECTS 2024; 15:345. [PMID: 38786901 PMCID: PMC11122156 DOI: 10.3390/insects15050345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The overuse of synthetic insecticides has led to various negative consequences, including insecticide resistance, environmental pollution, and harm to public health. This may be ameliorated by using insecticides derived from botanical sources. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-mosquito activity of the essential oil (EO) of Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. Chachiensis (Chachi) (referred to as CRB) at immature, semi-mature, and mature stages. The chemical compositions of the CRB EO were analyzed using GC-MS. The main components were identified to be D-limonene and γ-terpinene. The contents of D-limonene at the immature, semi-mature, and mature stages were 62.35%, 76.72%, and 73.15%, respectively; the corresponding contents of γ-terpinene were 14.26%, 11.04%, and 11.27%, respectively. In addition, the corresponding contents of a characteristic component, methyl 2-aminobenzoate, were 4.95%, 1.93%, and 2.15%, respectively. CRB EO exhibited significant larvicidal activity against Aedes albopictus (Ae. albopictus, Diptera: Culicidae), with the 50% lethal doses being 65.32, 61.47, and 65.91 mg/L for immature, semi-mature, and mature CRB EO, respectively. CRB EO was able to inhibit acetylcholinesterase and three detoxification enzymes, significantly reduce the diversity of internal microbiota in mosquitoes, and decrease the relative abundance of core species within the microbiota. The present results may provide novel insights into the utilization of plant-derived essential oils in anti-mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifan Cao
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (J.C.); (W.Z.); (Z.Y.); (X.T.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (S.A.); (C.L.); (R.W.)
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, China
| | - Wende Zheng
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (J.C.); (W.Z.); (Z.Y.); (X.T.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (S.A.); (C.L.); (R.W.)
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, China
| | - Baizhong Chen
- Guangdong Xinbaotang Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Jiangmen 529100, China;
| | - Zhenping Yan
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (J.C.); (W.Z.); (Z.Y.); (X.T.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (S.A.); (C.L.); (R.W.)
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, China
| | - Xiaowen Tang
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (J.C.); (W.Z.); (Z.Y.); (X.T.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (S.A.); (C.L.); (R.W.)
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, China
| | - Jiahao Li
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (J.C.); (W.Z.); (Z.Y.); (X.T.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (S.A.); (C.L.); (R.W.)
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (J.C.); (W.Z.); (Z.Y.); (X.T.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (S.A.); (C.L.); (R.W.)
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, China
| | - Song Ang
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (J.C.); (W.Z.); (Z.Y.); (X.T.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (S.A.); (C.L.); (R.W.)
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, China
| | - Chen Li
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (J.C.); (W.Z.); (Z.Y.); (X.T.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (S.A.); (C.L.); (R.W.)
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, China
| | - Rihui Wu
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (J.C.); (W.Z.); (Z.Y.); (X.T.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (S.A.); (C.L.); (R.W.)
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, China
| | - Panpan Wu
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (J.C.); (W.Z.); (Z.Y.); (X.T.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (S.A.); (C.L.); (R.W.)
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, China
| | - Wen-Hua Chen
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (J.C.); (W.Z.); (Z.Y.); (X.T.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (S.A.); (C.L.); (R.W.)
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, China
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Mattar VT, Borioni JL, Hollman A, Rodriguez SA. Insecticidal action, repellency, and toxicity mechanism of the essential oil of Lippia turbinata against the stored product pest Rhipibruchus picturatus (F.). PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 201:105907. [PMID: 38685228 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.105907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The use of essential oils (EOs) in the development of alternative management methods for bruchid control under storage conditions aroused great interest because they have proven to be effective, less toxic, and less persistent in the ecosystem than synthetic pesticides. In this sense, leaves of Lippia turbinata (Griseb.) Moldenke EO were studied in the present work. The monoterpene limonene and the monoterpenoid eucalyptol were its main constituents. EO showed a potent insecticidal activity, both in contact and fumigant conditions, against Rhipibruchus picturatus (F.) which is one of the main pests of Prosopis alba pods in stored conditions. Moreover, the EO produces repellency in these insects. Additionally, the toxicity mechanism of action was studied. In this regard, the EO inhibits the acetylcholinesterase enzyme in in vitro assays, alters the activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase, and produces an increase in the lipid peroxidation reactions. This is the first report of the use of the L. turbinata EO against R. picturatus insect pest. The data obtained demonstrate its potential for developing more efficient and natural storage pest control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Tapia Mattar
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Agronomía y Agroindustrias (FAyA), Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero (UNSE), Consejo Nacional de Investigación Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - José Luis Borioni
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-Química de Córdoba (INFIQC-CONICET), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Axel Hollman
- Laboratorio de Compuestos Bioactivos, Centro de Investigación de Biofísica Aplicada y Alimentos (CIBAAL)-CONICET- Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero (UNSE), Argentina
| | - Sergio A Rodriguez
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Agronomía y Agroindustrias (FAyA), Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero (UNSE), Consejo Nacional de Investigación Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
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Ben Romdhane O, Baccari W, Saidi I, Flamini G, Ascrizzi R, Chaieb I, Halim Harrath A, Jannet HB. Chemical Composition, Repellent, and Phytotoxic Potentials of the Fractionated Resin Essential Oil from Araucaria heterophylla Growing in Tunisia. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400185. [PMID: 38513004 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The resin essential oil (REO) of the Tunisian Araucaria heterophylla trunk bark was investigated for its chemical composition. Then, it was evaluated for its insecticidal and allelopathic activities. The REO was obtained by hydrodistillation for 9 h (yield of 4.2 % w/w). Moreover, fractional hydrodistillation was carried out at 3-hour intervals, resulting in 3 fractions (R1-R3), to facilitate chemical identification and localization of the aforementioned biological activities. GC/MS analysis of the obtained samples allowed the identification of 25 compounds, representing between 91.2 and 96.3 % of their total constituents, which consisted predominantly of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, oxygenated sesquiterpenes and diterpene hydrocarbons. α-Copaene (10.8 %), γ-muurolene (5.8 %), α-copaen-11-ol (7.8 %), spathulenol (10.5 %), 15-copaenol (8.2 %), ylangenal (10.3 %), dehydrosaussurea lactone (7.7 %), and sandaracopimaradiene (11.4 %) were identified as major compounds. The second part aimed to assess the impact of the A. heterophylla EO and its three fractions for their insecticidal and repellent activity against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), a stored grain pest, of which a strong repellent activity was noted. In addition, the studied samples showed high phytotoxic effects against Lactuca sativa. The third fraction (R3) performed a total inhibitory potential on seed germination and seedling growth of the target plant. Furthermore, alongside this discovery, an estimation was conducted through molecular docking analysis. Wherein the main compounds of the studied samples were docked into the active pocket of protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase (PDB: 1SEZ), a key enzyme in chlorophyll biosynthesis. Thus, it is recommended to use the REO of A. heterophylla as a natural herbicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oumayma Ben Romdhane
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Natural Products and Reactivity (LR11ES39), Team: Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue of Environment, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia Phone
| | - Wiem Baccari
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Natural Products and Reactivity (LR11ES39), Team: Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue of Environment, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia Phone
| | - Ilyes Saidi
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Natural Products and Reactivity (LR11ES39), Team: Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue of Environment, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia Phone
| | - Guido Flamini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca "Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute" Nutrafood, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberta Ascrizzi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca "Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute" Nutrafood, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Ikbal Chaieb
- Laboratory of Horticultural production and protection (LR21AGR03) Regional Centre of Research on Horticulture and Organic Agriculture, 57, University of Sousse, Chott Mariem, TN-4042, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Abdel Halim Harrath
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyad, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hichem Ben Jannet
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Natural Products and Reactivity (LR11ES39), Team: Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue of Environment, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia Phone
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Muñoz-Acevedo A, González MC, Alonso JE, Flórez KC. The Repellent Capacity against Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and In Vitro Inhibition of the Acetylcholinesterase Enzyme of 11 Essential Oils from Six Plants of the Caribbean Region of Colombia. Molecules 2024; 29:1753. [PMID: 38675573 PMCID: PMC11051817 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The repellent capacity against Sitophilus zeamais and the in vitro inhibition on AChE of 11 essential oils, isolated from six plants of the northern region of Colombia, were assessed using a modified tunnel-type device and the Ellman colorimetric method, respectively. The results were as follows: (i) the degree of repellency (DR) of the EOs against S. zeamais was 20-68% (2 h) and 28-74% (4 h); (ii) the IC50 values on AChE were 5-36 µg/mL; likewise, the %inh. on AChE (1 µg/cm3 per EO) did not show any effect in 91% of the EO tested; (iii) six EOs (Bursera graveolens-bark, B. graveolens-leaves, B. simaruba-bark, Peperomia pellucida-leaves, Piper holtonii (1b*)-leaves, and P. reticulatum-leaves) exhibited a DR (53-74%) ≥ C+ (chlorpyrifos-61%), while all EOs were less active (8-60-fold) on AChE compared to chlorpyrifos (IC50 of 0.59 µg/mL). Based on the ANOVA/linear regression and multivariate analysis of data, some differences/similarities could be established, as well as identifying the most active EOs (five: B. simaruba-bark, Pep. Pellucida-leaves, P. holtonii (1b*)-leaves, B. graveolens-bark, and B. graveolens-leaves). Finally, these EOs were constituted by spathulenol (24%)/β-selinene (18%)/caryophyllene oxide (10%)-B. simaruba; carotol (44%)/dillapiole (21%)-Pep. pellucida; dillapiole (81% confirmed by 1H-/13C-NMR)-P. holtonii; mint furanone derivative (14%)/mint furanone (14%)-B. graveolens-bark; limonene (17%)/carvone (10%)-B. graveolens-leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amner Muñoz-Acevedo
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Universidad del Norte, Puerto Colombia 081007, Colombia;
| | - María C. González
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Universidad del Norte, Puerto Colombia 081007, Colombia;
| | - Jesús E. Alonso
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Universidad del Norte, Puerto Colombia 081007, Colombia; (J.E.A.); (K.C.F.)
| | - Karen C. Flórez
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Universidad del Norte, Puerto Colombia 081007, Colombia; (J.E.A.); (K.C.F.)
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Annaz H, Annaz H, Ajaha A, Bouayad N, El Fakhouri K, Laglaoui A, El Bouhssini M, Sobeh M, Rharrabe K. Chemical profiling and bioactivities of essential oils from Thymus capitatus and Origanum compactum against Tribolium castaneum. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26102. [PMID: 38444480 PMCID: PMC10912041 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of essential oils has emerged as an ecofriendly solution for controlling different pests, particularly insects of stored products. Essential oils (EOs) from Thymus capitatus (TC) and Origanum compactum (OC) have received less attention for these bioactivities. Therefore, our study aimed to assess the repellent, antifeedant and contact toxicity of their EOs against a major stored product pest Tribolium castaneum. Besides, GC-MS was also carried out to determine the compounds responsible for the observed bioactivities. Regarding contact toxicity, LC50 values were 0.58 and 0.35 μL/cm2 for TC and OC after 24 h of exposure, respectively. For the repellent effect, the percentage of repellency (PR) was variable across different concentrations and exposure durations. TC exhibited the best PR (98%) after 3 h of exposure at 0.031 μL/cm2. For prolonged repulsive effect (24 h), TC sustained its repulsive efficacy with a PR of 90% at 0.062 μL/cm2 followed by OC with a PR of 88% at 0.125 μL/cm2. As for the antifeedant effect, both EOs had a significant impact on nutritional indexes, especially the feeding deterrent index and relative consumption rate. OC displayed a notable effect, causing 59% of feeding deterrence at 1.92 μL/pellet. These multifaced effects can be explained by the high content of carvacrol in both EOs (OC: 90% and TC: 78%). These multifaced effects demonstrated through different exposure routes and bioassays promote the use of T. capitatus and O. compactum EOs as a sustainable management strategy to control T. castaneum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houssam Annaz
- Research Team Agricultural and Aquacultural Engineering, FPL, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
- Research Team Biotechnology and Biomolecules Engineering, FSTT, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Hassan Annaz
- AgroBioSciences Program, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University Mohammed VI Polytechnic, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Ayoub Ajaha
- Research Team Agricultural and Aquacultural Engineering, FPL, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Noureddin Bouayad
- Research Team Biotechnology and Biomolecules Engineering, FSTT, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Karim El Fakhouri
- AgroBioSciences Program, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University Mohammed VI Polytechnic, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Amin Laglaoui
- Research Team Biotechnology and Biomolecules Engineering, FSTT, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Mustapha El Bouhssini
- AgroBioSciences Program, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University Mohammed VI Polytechnic, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Mansour Sobeh
- AgroBioSciences Program, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University Mohammed VI Polytechnic, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Kacem Rharrabe
- Research Team Agricultural and Aquacultural Engineering, FPL, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
- Research Laboratory Biology, Environment and Sustainable Development, ENS, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
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7
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Kavallieratos NG, Eleftheriadou N, Boukouvala MC, Skourti A, Filintas CS, Gidari DLS, Maggi F, Rossi P, Drenaggi E, Morshedloo MR, Ferrati M, Spinozzi E. Exploring the Efficacy of Four Apiaceae Essential Oils against Nine Stored-Product Pests in Wheat Protection. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:533. [PMID: 38498519 PMCID: PMC10893152 DOI: 10.3390/plants13040533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The Apiaceae family, known for aromatic plants producing bioactive essential oils (EOs), holds significance across sectors, including agrochemicals. This study evaluated the insecticidal potential of four Apiaceae EOs from Crithmum maritimum L., Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague ex Turrill, Smyrnium olusatrum L., and Elwendia persica (Boiss.) Pimenov and Kljuykov against various significant storage pests (Sitophilus oryzae (L.), Trogoderma granarium Everts, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), T. confusum Jacquelin du Val, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.), Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer), Acarus siro L., and Tenebrio molitor L.) on wheat. Insect mortality rates were monitored at intervals of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 days. Smyrnium olusatrum EO exhibited the highest efficacy, followed by T. ammi, C. maritimum, and E. persica EOs, although efficacy varied by species, developmental stage, and concentration. Notably, complete mortality occurred for several pests at 1000 ppm of S. olusatrum and T. ammi EOs. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed key compounds in these EOs, including myrcene, germacrone, and curzerene in S. olusatrum EO, and thymol, γ-terpinene, and p-cymene in T. ammi EO. These findings emphasize their potential as botanical insecticides. Smyrnium olusatrum and T. ammi EOs emerge as promising eco-friendly pest management options due to their efficacy, highlighted compound composition, and availability of biomass from both wild and cultivated sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nickolas G. Kavallieratos
- Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str., 11855 Athens, Greece; (N.E.); (M.C.B.); (A.S.); (C.S.F.); (D.L.S.G.)
| | - Nikoleta Eleftheriadou
- Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str., 11855 Athens, Greece; (N.E.); (M.C.B.); (A.S.); (C.S.F.); (D.L.S.G.)
| | - Maria C. Boukouvala
- Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str., 11855 Athens, Greece; (N.E.); (M.C.B.); (A.S.); (C.S.F.); (D.L.S.G.)
| | - Anna Skourti
- Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str., 11855 Athens, Greece; (N.E.); (M.C.B.); (A.S.); (C.S.F.); (D.L.S.G.)
| | - Constantin S. Filintas
- Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str., 11855 Athens, Greece; (N.E.); (M.C.B.); (A.S.); (C.S.F.); (D.L.S.G.)
| | - Demeter Lorentha S. Gidari
- Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str., 11855 Athens, Greece; (N.E.); (M.C.B.); (A.S.); (C.S.F.); (D.L.S.G.)
| | - Filippo Maggi
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Maddona Delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (F.M.); (M.F.); (E.S.)
| | - Paolo Rossi
- School of Bioscience and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III Da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy;
| | - Ettore Drenaggi
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Maddona Delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (F.M.); (M.F.); (E.S.)
| | - Mohammad Reza Morshedloo
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh 5518183111, Iran;
| | - Marta Ferrati
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Maddona Delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (F.M.); (M.F.); (E.S.)
| | - Eleonora Spinozzi
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Maddona Delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (F.M.); (M.F.); (E.S.)
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Aisha K, Visakh NU, Pathrose B, Mori N, Baeshen RS, Shawer R. Extraction, Chemical Composition and Insecticidal Activities of Lantana camara Linn. Leaf Essential Oils against Tribolium castaneum, Lasioderma serricorne and Callosobruchus chinensis. Molecules 2024; 29:344. [PMID: 38257257 PMCID: PMC10819012 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Storage pests and the food spoilage they cause are problems of great concern. Using essential oil obtained from different plants as an insecticide against these storage pests can be considered an environmentally friendly pest management option. Lantana camara Linn. (family Verbenaceae) is a flowering species, and is also a noxious weed that can proliferate well in nearly all geographical habitats. A biopesticide derived from the essential oil extracted from this plant can offer an effective solution for controlling storage pests. The goal of this study is to extract and analyse the chemical composition of essential oil obtained from L. camara leaves, and assess its effectiveness as a bioactive substance against three storage pests: Tribolium castaneum, Lasioderma serricorne, and Callosobruchus chinensis. The yield of essential oil extracted from L. camara leaves was about 0.24 ± 0.014%. By employing the GC-MS technique, the major phytochemicals contained in L. camara leaf essential oil were identified as caryophyllene (69.96%), isoledene (12%), and ɑ-copaene (4.11%). The essential oil exhibited excellent fumigant toxicity (LC50 of 16.70 mg/L air for T. castaneum, 4.141 mg/L air for L. serricorne and 6.245 mg/L air for C. chinensis at 24 h), contact toxicity (LC50 of 8.93 mg/cm2 for T. castaneum, 4.82 mg/cm2 for L. serricorne and 6.24 mg/cm2 for C. chinensis after 24 h) along with effective repellent activity towards the test insects. In addition, the oil showed no significant phytotoxicity on the germination of paddy seeds. This presents the potential to utilize a weed in developing a biopesticide for effectively managing stored product insects because of its strong bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kolapparamban Aisha
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur 680656, India
| | - Naduvilthara U. Visakh
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur 680656, India
| | - Berin Pathrose
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur 680656, India
| | - Nicola Mori
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37114 Verona, Italy
| | - Rowida S. Baeshen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rady Shawer
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21531, Egypt
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9
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Tadee P, Chansakaow S, Tipduangta P, Tadee P, Khaodang P, Chukiatsiri K. Essential oil pharmaceuticals for killing ectoparasites on dogs. J Vet Sci 2024; 25:e5. [PMID: 38311320 PMCID: PMC10839170 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.23189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND External parasites, particularly ticks and fleas, are among the most common problems affecting dogs. Chemical medicines are commonly used to prevent and eliminate such external parasites, but their improper use can cause adverse reactions, and the toxins they contain may remain in the environment. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to investigate the in vitro efficacy of Zanthoxylum limonella, citronella, clove, peppermint, and ginger essential oils against dog ticks and fleas and to test the sensitivity of dogs' skin to these essential oils. METHODS The five essential oils were tested for in vitro efficacy against ticks and fleas, and the two most effective essential oils were then tested on the dogs' skin. RESULTS The results revealed that these five essential oils at 16% concentrations effectively inhibited the spawning of female engorged ticks. In addition, all five essential oils had a strong ability to kill tick larvae at concentrations of 2% upward. Furthermore, 4% concentrations of the five essential oils quickly eliminated fleas, especially clove oil, which killed 100% of fleas within 1 h. A 50%, 90%, and 99% lethal concentration (LC50, LC90, and LC99) for the essential oils on tick larvae in 24 h were found to be low values. LC50, LC90, and LC99 for the essential oils on flea in 1 h was lowest values. Clove oil at 16% concentration was the most satisfactory essential oil for application on dogs' skin, with a low percentage of adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed the effectiveness of essential oils for practical use as tick and flea repellents and eliminators. Essential-oil-based pharmaceutical can replace chemical pesticides and provide benefits for both consumers and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phacharaporn Tadee
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand.
| | - Sunee Chansakaow
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | | | - Pakpoom Tadee
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Pakasinee Khaodang
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand
| | - Kridda Chukiatsiri
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand
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10
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Wang Y, Bian XK, Zhang L, Chen WY, Lyu QJ, Du SS. The essential oil of Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad. as a potential repellent against stored-product insects. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:124416-124424. [PMID: 37996575 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31011-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Chemical composition of the essential oil from Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad. (syn. Bassia scoparia (L.) A. J. Scott) was analyzed in quality and quantity by GC-MS and GC-FID. Repellent activities of the essential oil from K. scoparia (KSEO) were evaluated against two common species of stored-product insects Tribolium castaneum Herbst and Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel. Results indicated that KSEO mainly consisted of eugenol, β-caryophyllene, and α-humulene, accounting for 75.6%, 8.2%, and 1.4% of the total oil, respectively. KSEO and the three major components were repellent to T. castaneum and L. bostrychophila adults. Notably, KSEO exerted significant effects, comparable to the positive control DEET at 2 and 4 h post-exposure. Eugenol at 63.17-2.53 nL/cm2 exhibited high percentage repellency ranging from 96 to 70% against L. bostrychophila during 4-h exposure. To gain further insights into the repellent activity, molecular docking simulation was performed with eugenol as the ligand and an odorant binding protein TcOBPC12 (gene: TcOBP10B) from the model insect T. castaneum as the receptor. Docking calculation results revealed that TcOBPC12 had binding affinity to eugenol (△G = - 4.52 kcal/mol) along with a hydrogen bond of 0.18 nm (1.8 Å) long forming between them, which could be an important target protein associated with identifying volatile repellent molecules. This work highlights the promising potential of KSEO as a botanical repellent for controlling stored-product insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Xiao-Kun Bian
- Department of Pharmacy, Yancheng No.1 People's Hospital, Yancheng, 224000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen-Yan Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiu-Ju Lyu
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shu-Shan Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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11
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Deweer C, Sahmer K, Muchembled J. Anti-oomycete activities from essential oils and their major compounds on Phytophthora infestans. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:110240-110250. [PMID: 37779122 PMCID: PMC10625517 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29270-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Botanicals are various plant-based products like plant extracts or essential oils. Anti-fungal activities of selected essential oils were tested on the pathogen causing potato and tomato late blight (Phytophthora infestans). Tests to evaluate anti-oomycete activities of commercial essential oils and their major compounds were carried out in vitro in microplate in liquid media. Anti-oomycete activities on Phytophthora infestans strain were obtained from essential oils/major compounds: Eucalyptus citriodora/citronellal; Syzygium aromaticum (clove)/eugenol; Mentha spicata/D-Carvone, L-Carvone; Origanum compactum/carvacrol; Satureja montana (savory)/carvacrol; Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree)/terpinen-4-ol, and Thymus vulgaris/thymol. As an active substance of mineral origin, copper sulfate was chosen as a control. All selected essential oils showed an anti-oomycete activity calculated with IC50 indicator. The essential oils of clove, savory, and thyme showed the best anti-oomycete activities similar to copper sulfate, while oregano, eucalyptus, mint, and tea tree essential oils exhibited significantly weaker activities than copper sulfate. Clove essential oil showed the best activity (IC50 = 28 mg/L), while tea tree essential oil showed the worst activity (IC50 = 476 mg/L). For major compounds, three results were obtained: they were statistically more active than their essential oils (carvacrol for oregano, D- and L-Carvone for mint) or as active as their essential oils sources (thymol for thyme, carvacrol for savory, terpinen-4-ol for tea tree) or less active than their original essential oils (eugenol for clove, citronellal for eucalyptus). Microscopical observations carried out with the seven essential oils showed that they were all responsible for a modification of the morphology of the mycelium. The results demonstrated that various essential oils show different anti-oomycete activities, sometimes related to a major compound and sometimes unrelated, indicating that other compounds must play a role in total anti-oomycete activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Deweer
- Joint Research Unit 1158 BioEcoAgro, INRAE, JUNIA, University of Lille, University of Liège, UPJV, University of Artois, ULCO, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Karin Sahmer
- Univ. Lille, IMT Lille Douai, Univ. Artois, JUNIA, ULR 4515 - LGCgE, Laboratoire de Génie Civil et géo-Environnement, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Jérôme Muchembled
- Joint Research Unit 1158 BioEcoAgro, INRAE, JUNIA, University of Lille, University of Liège, UPJV, University of Artois, ULCO, F-59000, Lille, France.
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12
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Xie QH, Tian-Liang, Li BY, Yu JN, Zheng Y, Du SS, Borjigidai A. Bioactivities of thymol and p-cymene from the essential oil of Adenosma buchneroides against three stored-product insects. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:110841-110850. [PMID: 37794224 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30068-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
The adverse effects of relying solely on synthetic pesticides have become increasingly evident, leading many countries to explore alternatives sourced from plant-based green economies. Essential oil (EO) from stems and leaves of Adenosma buchneroides Bonati (A. buchneroides) was distilled by using hydrodistillation and subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for component identification. Subsequently, EO as well as its main constituents (thymol and p-cymene) were tested for their insecticidal activity against the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum), the cigarette beetle (Lasioderma serricorne), and the booklouse (Liposcelis bostrychophila). The joint action of thymol and p-cymene produced an additive or synergistic effect. A. buchneroides essential oil (BHO) and the fixed ratio of the main compounds, thymol, and p-cymene both showed significant toxic activity against the target pests. This toxic effect is not simply the sum of individual effects, as it is influenced by various factors such as insect species and mode of action. These findings imply that the BHO and its phytoconstituents possess great potential to develop plant-derived biopesticides that will be safe for humans and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-Hui Xie
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Minzu University of China, 27 South Zhongguancun Avenue, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100091, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Liang
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Minzu University of China, 27 South Zhongguancun Avenue, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo-Ya Li
- Department of Biomedical Science, Beijing City University, No. 269 North 4Th Ring Middle Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao-Neng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Minzu University of China, 27 South Zhongguancun Avenue, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100091, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Shan Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100091, People's Republic of China
| | - Almaz Borjigidai
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Minzu University of China, 27 South Zhongguancun Avenue, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Visakh NU, Pathrose B, Chellappan M, Ranjith MT, Sindhu PV, Mathew D. Extraction and chemical characterisation of agro-waste from turmeric leaves as a source of bioactive essential oils with insecticidal and antioxidant activities. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 169:1-10. [PMID: 37384969 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is a significant crop that has historically been used worldwide as a medicinal plant, spice, food colouring agent, and a significant ingredient in cosmetic industries. After harvesting rhizomes, leaves are considered waste material. This research study aims to extract and chemically characterise the essential oil from the leaves waste of turmeric with an evaluation of different insecticidal, antioxidant, and phytotoxic activities. Subsequently, the contact toxicity, fumigant toxicity, and repellent activity were evaluated against two key stored grain insect species. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) characterisation revealed that α-phellandrene (28.95%), 2-carene (16.51%), eucalyptol (10.54%) and terpinolene (10.24%) were the major chemical constituents. The study's findings on the insecticidal effects of essential oils extracted from turmeric leaves revealed noteworthy repellent, contact (at 24 h, LC50 = 6.51 mg/cm2 for Tribolium castaneum and LC50 = 4.74 mg/cm2 for Rhyzopertha dominica) and fumigant toxicities (at 24 h, LC50 = 2.57 mg/L air for T. castaneum and LC50 = 2.83 mg/L air for R. dominica), against two key stored grain insects. In addition, turmeric leaf essential oil showed notable antioxidant activity (IC50 = 10.04 ± 0.03 µg/mL for DPPH assay; IC50 = 14.12 ± 0.21 µg/mL for ABTS assay. Furthermore, a phytotoxicity study was carried out on stored paddy seeds and no toxic effects were found on germination rate and seedling growth. So, it might be expected that the essential oils extracted from the turmeric leaf waste could be valorised and demonstrate their potential as safe botanical insecticides against stored-product insects, with noble antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naduvilthara U Visakh
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur 680656, Kerala, India
| | - Berin Pathrose
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur 680656, Kerala, India.
| | - Mani Chellappan
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur 680656, Kerala, India
| | - M T Ranjith
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur 680656, Kerala, India
| | - P V Sindhu
- Department of Agronomy, AICRP on Medicinal, Aromatic Plants and Betelvine, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur 680656, Kerala, India
| | - Deepu Mathew
- Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur 680656, Kerala, India
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14
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Gupta I, Singh R, Muthusamy S, Sharma M, Grewal K, Singh HP, Batish DR. Plant Essential Oils as Biopesticides: Applications, Mechanisms, Innovations, and Constraints. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2916. [PMID: 37631128 PMCID: PMC10458566 DOI: 10.3390/plants12162916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The advent of the "Green Revolution" was a great success in significantly increasing crop productivity. However, it involved high ecological costs in terms of excessive use of synthetic agrochemicals, raising concerns about agricultural sustainability. Indiscriminate use of synthetic pesticides resulted in environmental degradation, the development of pest resistance, and possible dangers to a variety of nontarget species (including plants, animals, and humans). Thus, a sustainable approach necessitates the exploration of viable ecofriendly alternatives. Plant-based biopesticides are attracting considerable attention in this context due to their target specificity, ecofriendliness, biodegradability, and safety for humans and other life forms. Among all the relevant biopesticides, plant essential oils (PEOs) or their active components are being widely explored against weeds, pests, and microorganisms. This review aims to collate the information related to the expansion and advancement in research and technology on the applications of PEOs as biopesticides. An insight into the mechanism of action of PEO-based bioherbicides, bioinsecticides, and biofungicides is also provided. With the aid of bibliometric analysis, it was found that ~75% of the documents on PEOs having biopesticidal potential were published in the last five years, with an annual growth rate of 20.51% and a citation per document of 20.91. Research on the biopesticidal properties of PEOs is receiving adequate attention from European (Italy and Spain), Asian (China, India, Iran, and Saudi Arabia), and American (Argentina, Brazil, and the United States of America) nations. Despite the increasing biopesticidal applications of PEOs and their widespread acceptance by governments, they face many challenges due to their inherent nature (lipophilicity and high volatility), production costs, and manufacturing constraints. To overcome these limitations, the incorporation of emerging innovations like the nanoencapsulation of PEOs, bioinformatics, and RNA-Seq in biopesticide development has been proposed. With these novel technological interventions, PEO-based biopesticides have the potential to be used for sustainable pest management in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ipsa Gupta
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India; (I.G.); (R.S.)
| | - Rishikesh Singh
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India; (I.G.); (R.S.)
| | - Suganthi Muthusamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Vels Institute of Science, Technology & Advanced Studies, Pallavaram, Chennai 600117, India;
| | - Mansi Sharma
- Department of Environment Studies, Faculty of Science, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India;
| | - Kamaljit Grewal
- Department of Botany, Khalsa College for Women, Civil Lines, Ludhiana 141001, India;
| | - Harminder Pal Singh
- Department of Environment Studies, Faculty of Science, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India;
| | - Daizy R. Batish
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India; (I.G.); (R.S.)
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15
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Wang W, Cai T, Yang Y, Guo H, Shang Z, Shahid H, Zhang Y, Qiu S, Zeng X, Xu X, Liu Y, Fang P, Ding P, Mao Z, Shan T. Diversity of Fungal Communities on Diseased and Healthy Cinnamomum burmannii Fruits and Antibacterial Activity of Secondary Metabolites. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0008023. [PMID: 37162357 PMCID: PMC10269519 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00080-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The composition and structure of fungal communities on healthy and diseased fruits of Cinnamomum burmannii (Nees and Nees) Blume were characterized, with evaluation of the antibacterial activity of secondary metabolites from culturable fungi following the first identification of secondary metabolites in the fungus Medicopsis romeroi (Esf-14; GenBank accession number OK242756). These results are significant for understanding the functional variation in bioactivity in fungal communities and developing a broader range of bioactive resources. High-throughput sequencing results indicated that the fungal community in diseased fruit differed from that in healthy fruit at the phylum, class, order, or genus level, with significant differences in the species and relative abundance of the dominant flora. A total of 49 (healthy fruit) and 122 (diseased fruit) artificially cultivable endophytic fungi were isolated, and 41 different strains (11 from healthy fruit and 30 from diseased fruit) were successfully identified by morphological and molecular biological analyses, which were classified into 8 groups and 23 genera by phylogenetic tree analysis, with Pleosporales, Glomerellales, and Hypocreales being the dominant groups at the order level and Colletotrichum being the dominant group at the genus level. The results of the antibacterial assay demonstrated that the secondary metabolites of all strains had different degrees of antibacterial activity, while the secondary metabolites of endophytic fungi from diseased fruit were generally stronger than those of fungi from healthy fruit, with the active secondary metabolites dominated by small and moderately polar compounds. Combined analysis of fungal communities, phylogenetic tree analysis, and bioactivity analysis of culturable strains revealed strong antibacterial activity of both upregulated and downregulated flora in diseased fruit. Five compounds, including two new (5,6-dimethoxy-[1',1:4,1″-terphenyl]-2-ol [compound 1] and 5-(methoxycarbonyl)-2-methylbenzo[d][1,3]dioxole-2-carboxylic acid [compound 2]) and three known compounds (3,7-dihydroxy-1,9-dimethyldibenzofuran [compound 3], methyl 3-hydroxybenzoate [compound 4], and uracil [compound 5]), were isolated and identified for the first time from the endophytic fungus Medicopsis romeroi. In general, the diversity of fungal communities on diseased fruit was lower than that on healthy fruits, while the antibacterial activity of artificially cultured endophytic fungi on diseased fruits was generally stronger than that on healthy fruits, suggesting excellent promise for the development of secondary metabolites from active strains on diseased fruit as antibacterial agents. IMPORTANCE Powdery fruit disease is a notorious disease of Cinnamomum burmannii that causes severe loss in fruit production. Studies on the function of endophytic fungal communities in healthy plant tissues are not new, while little is known about the functional changes of fungal communities in disease-causing plant tissues. Our results demonstrate that fungal communities in diseased fruits differ from those in healthy fruits at the level of phylum, class, order, or genus, with significant differences in the species and relative abundance of dominant groups. Endophytic fungi in diseased fruits appeared to produce secondary metabolites with stronger antibacterial properties, although the community diversity was not as varied as that in healthy fruits. In addition, secondary metabolites of the Medicopsis romeroi strain from diseased fruits were identified for the first time. These results have important implications for understanding the functional variation of bioactivity in fungal communities and for developing a broader resource of bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Teng Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuting Yang
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Guo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhuo Shang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hamza Shahid
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yirong Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sirun Qiu
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinnian Zeng
- College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Xu
- Instrumental Analysis and Research Center of SCAU, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Liu
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Fang
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziling Mao
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tijiang Shan
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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16
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Ben Mustapha M, Algethami FK, Elamin MR, Abdulkhair BY, Chaieb I, Ben Jannet H. Chemical Composition, Toxicity and Repellency of Inula graveolens Essential Oils from Roots and Aerial Parts against Stored-Product Beetle Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202200978. [PMID: 36808818 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
In this work, essential oils extracted from roots and aerial parts of Inula graveolens by hydrodistillation and their fractions obtained by chromatographic simplification were first investigated for their chemical composition by GC/MS and then evaluated for the first time for their repellency and contact toxicity properties against Tribolium castaneumadults. Twenty-eight compounds were identified in roots essential oil (REO), which accounted for 97.9 % of the total oil composition, with modhephen-8-β-ol (24.7 %), cis-arteannuic alcohol (14.8 %), neryl isovalerate (10.6 %) and thymol isobutyrate (8.5 %) as major constituents. Twenty-two compounds were found in the essential oil from aerial parts (APEO), which accounted for 93.9 % of the total oil, with borneol (28.8 %), caryophylla-4(14),8(15)-dien-6-ol (11.5 %), caryophyllene oxide (10.9 %), τ-cadinol (10.5 %) and bornyl acetate (9.4 %) as main compounds.REO and APEO displayed stronger repellency after 2 h of exposure (80.0 and 90.0 %, respectively) against T. castaneum at the concentration of 0.12 μL/cm2 . After fractionation, fractions R4 and R5 exhibited greater effects (83.3 % and 93.3 %, respectively) than the roots essential oil. Furthermore, the fractions AP2 and AP3 showed higher repellency (93.3 and 96.6 %, respectively) than the aerial parts oil. The LD50 values of oils from roots and aerial parts topically applied were 7.44 % and 4.88 %, respectively. Results from contact toxicity assay showed that fraction R4 was more effective than the roots oil with LD50 value of 6.65 %. These results suggests that essential oils of roots and aerial parts from I. graveolens may be explored as potential natural repellent and contact insecticides against T. castaneum in stored products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayssa Ben Mustapha
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Natural Products and Reactivity (LR11ES39), Team: Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue of Environment, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Faisal K Algethami
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed R Elamin
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Natural Products and Reactivity (LR11ES39), Team: Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue of Environment, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Babiker Y Abdulkhair
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ikbal Chaieb
- Laboratory of Production and Protection for a Sustainable Horticulture (LR21AGR03) Regional Center of Research on Horticulture and Organic Agriculture, 57, University of Sousse, ChottMariem, TN-4042, Tunisia
| | - Hichem Ben Jannet
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Natural Products and Reactivity (LR11ES39), Team: Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue of Environment, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
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Khemis E, Mustapha MB, Chaieb I, Ascrizzi R, Flamini G, Harrath AH, Jannet HB, Zardi-Bergaoui A. Chemical Composition and Insecticidal Activity against Tribolium Castaneum of Thapsia garganica L. Seed Essential Oil. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202200646. [PMID: 36649489 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Due to the several side effects of synthetic pesticides, including environmental pollution, threats to human health, and the development of pest resistance to insecticides, the use of alternative healthy, available and efficient agents in pest management strategies is necessary. Recently, the use of essential oil obtained from aromatic plants has shown significant potential for insect pest management. For this reason, the essential oil isolated from seeds of Thapsia garganica L. was investigated for the first time for its chemical profile, and its toxicity and repellency effects against Tribolium castaneum adults. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the chemical composition by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS) revealed the presence of 18 organic volatiles representing 96.8 % of the total constituents. The main compounds were 1,4-dimethylazulene (51.3 %) followed by methyl palmitate (8.2 %), methyl linoleate (6.2 %) and costol (5.1 %). Concerning the repellent effect, results revealed that SEO (Seed Essential Oil) was very repellent towards T. castaneum adults, with 100 % repellency after 2 h of exposure. Furthermore, the essential oil exhibited remarkable contact toxicity against T. castaneum (93.3 % of mortality) at the concentration of 10 % (v/v). The median lethal dose (LD50 ) of the topical application of the seed essential oil was 4.4 %. These encouraging outcomes suggested that the essential oil from T. garganica seeds could be considered a potent natural alternative to residual persistent and toxic insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eya Khemis
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Natural Products and Reactivity (LR11ES39), Team: Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue of Environment, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mayssa Ben Mustapha
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Natural Products and Reactivity (LR11ES39), Team: Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue of Environment, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Ikbel Chaieb
- University of Sousse, Regional Center of Research on Horticulture and Organic Agriculture, 57, ChottMariem, TN-4042, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Roberta Ascrizzi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca "Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute" Nutrafood, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Guido Flamini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca "Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute" Nutrafood, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Abdel Halim Harrath
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hichem Ben Jannet
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Natural Products and Reactivity (LR11ES39), Team: Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue of Environment, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Afifa Zardi-Bergaoui
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Natural Products and Reactivity (LR11ES39), Team: Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue of Environment, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
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Manna S, Roy S, Dolai A, Ravula AR, Perumal V, Das A. Current and future prospects of “all-organic” nanoinsecticides for agricultural insect pest management. FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2022.1082128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphical Abstract
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Sang YL, Dai L, Wang P, Chen LJ, Jiao ML, Liu JY, Zhang NZ, Fan GW, Hao YJ, Wang XL. Investigation of insecticidal activity of two Rhododendron species on stored-product insects. JOURNAL OF PLANT DISEASES AND PROTECTION : SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF THE GERMAN PHYTOMEDICAL SOCIETY (DPG) 2023; 130:371-382. [PMID: 35965943 PMCID: PMC9361267 DOI: 10.1007/s41348-022-00654-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the insecticidal activity of the essential oils (EOs) and extracts from Rhododendron rufum and Rhododendron przewalskii. The EOs were extracted from the leaves of R. Rufum and R. przewalskii by hydro-distillation and their chemical components were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The repellency, contact toxicity and antifeedant activity of the EOs and extracts were evaluated against Sitophilus oryzae and Tribolium castaneum along with those of their main components. A total of nine compounds were identified from the EO of R. Rufum, and the most abundant component was myristicin (79.72%). The EO of R. Rufum exhibited repellent activities at different levels and its main compound myristicin showed contact toxicity and repellent effects against S. oryzae and T. castaneum. Meanwhile, by bioassay-guided fractionation, four compounds with strong antifeedant activities against T. castaneum, 24-methylenecycloartanyl-2'E, 4'Z-tetradecadienoate (1), methyl thyrsiflorin B acetate (2), friedelin (3) and Excoecarin R1 methyl ester (4) were separated and identified from the ethanol extract of R. przewalskii for the first time. Considering the significant anti-insect activities, the EOs and extracts of R. Rufum and R. przewalskii might be used in integrated pest strategies, establishing a good perspective for the comprehensive use of natural plant resources of Rhododendron genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Li Sang
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University, No.66 Middle Chongshan Road, Shenyang, 110036 Liaoning China
| | - Lu Dai
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University, No.66 Middle Chongshan Road, Shenyang, 110036 Liaoning China
| | - Pei Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University, No.66 Middle Chongshan Road, Shenyang, 110036 Liaoning China
| | - Li-Jiang Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University, No.66 Middle Chongshan Road, Shenyang, 110036 Liaoning China
| | - Mei-Ling Jiao
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University, No.66 Middle Chongshan Road, Shenyang, 110036 Liaoning China
| | - Jing-Yu Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University, No.66 Middle Chongshan Road, Shenyang, 110036 Liaoning China
| | - Nai-Zhi Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University, No.66 Middle Chongshan Road, Shenyang, 110036 Liaoning China
| | - Guang-Wen Fan
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University, No.66 Middle Chongshan Road, Shenyang, 110036 Liaoning China
| | - Yan-Jun Hao
- Liaoning Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.79 East Chongshan Road, Shenyang, 110032 Liaoning China
| | - Xiu-Lan Wang
- Inner Mongolia Institute of Mongolian Medicine Engineering Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, No.536 West Huolinhe Street, Tongliao, 028000 China
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Achimón F, Peschiutta ML, Brito VD, Beato M, Pizzolitto RP, Zygadlo JA, Zunino MP. Exploring Contact Toxicity of Essential Oils against Sitophilus zeamais through a Meta-Analysis Approach. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3070. [PMID: 36432799 PMCID: PMC9696113 DOI: 10.3390/plants11223070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sitophilus zeamais is a primary pest of maize. Our aim was to perform a qualitative review and meta-analyses with 56 scientific articles published from 1 January 2000 to 1 October 2022 dealing with direct (topical application) and indirect (impregnation of essential oils, EOs, onto filter paper or maize grains) contact toxicity of EOs against S. zeamais. Three independent meta-analyses of single means of LD50 (direct contact) and LC50 (indirect contact) were conducted using a random effect model. Essential oils more frequently evaluated were those belonging to Asteraceae, Apiaceae, Lamiaceae, Myrtaceae, Piperaceae, and Rutaceae. The LC50 global mean values were 33.19 µg/insect (CI95 29.81-36.95) for topical application; 0.40 µL/cm2 (CI95 0.25-0.65) for filter paper indirect contact; and 0.50 µL/g maize (CI95 0.27-0.90) for maize grains indirect contact. The species Carum carvi, Salvia umbratica, Ilicium difengpi, Periploca sepium, Cephalotaxus sinensis, Murraya exotica, Rhododendron anthopogonoides, Ruta graveolens, Eucalyptus viminalis, Ocotea odorifera, Eucalyptus globulus, Eucalyptus dunnii, Anethum graveolens, Ilicium verum, Cryptocarya alba, Azadirachta indica, Chenopodium ambrosioides, Cupressus semperivens, Schinus molle, Piper hispidinervum, Mentha longifolia, and Croton pulegiodorus showed LC50 or LD50 values lower than the global means, indicating good insecticidal properties. Our results showed that EOs have great potential to be used as bioinsecticides against S. zeamais.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Achimón
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, Córdoba X5016GCA, Argentina
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos (ICTA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales (FCEFyN), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, Córdoba X5016GCA, Argentina
| | - Maria L. Peschiutta
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, Córdoba X5016GCA, Argentina
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos (ICTA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales (FCEFyN), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, Córdoba X5016GCA, Argentina
| | - Vanessa D. Brito
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, Córdoba X5016GCA, Argentina
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos (ICTA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales (FCEFyN), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, Córdoba X5016GCA, Argentina
| | - Magalí Beato
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, Córdoba X5016GCA, Argentina
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos (ICTA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales (FCEFyN), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, Córdoba X5016GCA, Argentina
| | - Romina P. Pizzolitto
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, Córdoba X5016GCA, Argentina
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos (ICTA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales (FCEFyN), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, Córdoba X5016GCA, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Departamento de Recursos Naturales, Cátedra de Microbiología Agrícola, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Ing. Agr. Félix Aldo Marrone 735, Córdoba X5016GCA, Argentina
| | - Julio A. Zygadlo
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, Córdoba X5016GCA, Argentina
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos (ICTA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales (FCEFyN), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, Córdoba X5016GCA, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Departamento de Química, Cátedra de Química Orgánica, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, Córdoba X5016GCA, Argentina
| | - María P. Zunino
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, Córdoba X5016GCA, Argentina
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos (ICTA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales (FCEFyN), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, Córdoba X5016GCA, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Departamento de Química, Cátedra de Química Orgánica, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, Córdoba X5016GCA, Argentina
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Vaglica A, Peri E, Badalamenti N, Ilardi V, Bruno M, Guarino S. Chemical Composition and Evaluation of Insecticidal Activity of Seseli bocconei Essential Oils against Stored Products Pests. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3047. [PMID: 36432776 PMCID: PMC9697863 DOI: 10.3390/plants11223047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the chemical composition of the essential oils (EOs) obtained from different aerial parts (flowers, leaves, and stems) of Seseli bocconei Guss., a wild species endemic of Sicily, was investigated. Furthermore, the EOs' biocidal effects towards two pests of stored products, Sitophilus oryzae and Callosobruchus maculates, were evaluated. This activity was evaluated in Petri dish bioassays to establish the survival rate of adults treated with the EOs comparing them with solvent and a commonly used insecticide (pyrethrum). The data obtained from the toxicity bioassay evidenced that stems' EOs and leaves' EOs have a contact/fumigation effect towards the two insect species tested, while the EOs from the flowers did not exhibit a different mortality than the solvent. The EOs from the stem and leaves of S. bocconei, tested at 10 mg/petri dish, determined a LT50 of 53.38 and 42.97 h, respectively, on S. oryzae adults, and of 45.23 and 42.97 h, respectively, on C. maculatus adults. The promising bioactivity of S. bocconei leaves' EOs and stems' EOs toward S. oryzae and C. maculatus is encouraging in the perspective to test these oils and their main constituents for further experiments in the laboratory and field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Vaglica
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Ezio Peri
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences (SAAF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Building 5, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Natale Badalamenti
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Ilardi
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Maurizio Bruno
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca “Riutilizzo Bio-Based Degli Scarti da Matrici Agroalimentari” (RIVIVE), Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Guarino
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Corso Calatafimi 414, 90129 Palermo, Italy
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Guru PN, Mridula D, Dukare AS, Ghodki BM, Paschapur AU, Samal I, Nikhil Raj M, Padala VK, Rajashekhar M, Subbanna ARNS. A comprehensive review on advances in storage pest management: Current scenario and future prospects. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.993341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Modernization of the agricultural production system led to a significant increase in annual food production intended to meet the ever-growing consumer demand. In many countries, most of the food grains produced is stored for contingency and regular supply. These stored grains, in general, are directly or indirectly infested by insects, resulting in severe grain damages and storage losses, thus, causing a threat to food safety and security. Although a variety of insect management options, such as physical, mechanical, biological, and chemical methods, are available, fumigation has been practiced for decades in storage. However, opportunities for fumigation are narrowing after the phase-out of methyl bromide. Besides, safe food and health concerns paved the path for green chemistry and non-chemical management practices. This review includes the list of stored-grain insects and their detection methods. The different management strategies such as the modern storage structures (hermetic and low-pressure storages), modified or controlled storage atmosphere, application of ozone as fumigant, irradiation, and physical options are presented. Further, the details on sustainable biological options, such as semiochemicals, natural enemies, biopesticides, and entomopathogenic nematodes, are supplemented. The use of inert dusts as grain protectant and in combination with the biological entity is included. Studies on alternative fumigants', novel management options, such as molecular biology tools (RNAi and CRISPR) and nanotechnology in stored grain protection, are also highlighted. This review helps the reader to understand the overall factors affecting grain storage and the different options to manage the insects causing storage losses.
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Metayi MH, Abd El-Naby SS, El-Habal NA, Fahmy HH, Abdou MS, Ali B, Abdel-Rheim KH, Abdel-Megeed A. Omani Frankincense nanoemulsion formulation efficacy and its latent effects on biological aspects of the spiny bollworm Earias insulana (Boisd.). Front Physiol 2022; 13:1001136. [PMID: 36277209 PMCID: PMC9583008 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1001136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Our research shed light on the perspective of formulation technology regarding its responsibility to provide phyto-insecticides that are worthy of research into potential novel applications. There has been an increase in interest in using nanoemulsion as a new formulation in a variety of sectors during the last several decades. Boswellia sacra essential oil (Fam: Burseraceae) from the resin of frankincense trees has been recently proposed as a promising ingredient in a new generation of botanical insecticides. Frankincense nanoemulsion was formulated in 5% ratios comprising frankincense oil, surfactants, and water. A frankincense nanoemulsion was prepared using a high-energy ultra-sonication process and characterized by dynamic light scattering transmission electron microscopy surface tension, viscosity, and zeta potential value. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to identify the chemical profiles of frankincense essential oil. Furthermore, insecticidal effects against second instar larvae of the spiny bollworm, Earias insulana, as well as their latent effects on the larvae were studied. In the present study, the formulation was a good nanoemulsion. The surface tension was 53.69, the viscosity was 4.76 cPs, the zeta potential was-10 mV, and the size distribution was 41.30 nm. The polydispersity index (PDI) of the nanoemulsion was found to be 0.26, and the morphology of the frankincense nanoemulsion was visualized in a spherical shape. The main constituents identified in frankincense oil were α-pinene (15.52%); monolinolenin (12.92%); and geranylgeranyl acetate (9.99%). The results showed significant insecticidal activity against the larval stage and considerably decreased the pupation percentage with increasing the volume of the frankincense nanoemulsion. On the other hand, the latent effects of the frankincense nanoemulsion on E. insulana resulted in a higher prolongation of larval and pupal durations as well as a significant reduction in the weight of larvae and pupae of E. insulana. Additionally, frankincense nanoemulsion dramatically influenced the adult emergence percentage. It also caused a significantly lower hatchability percentage compared to the untreated control. The concentrations used and the types of mating combination have a significant effect on the fecundity of E. insulana. This novel frankincense nanoemulsion formulation could be used in strategies to control the spiny bollworm on cotton plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervat H. Metayi
- Cotton Boll Worm Research Department, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Shimaa S. Abd El-Naby
- Pesticide Formulation Research Department, Central Agriculture Pesticides Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Noha A. El-Habal
- Cotton Boll Worm Research Department, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Heba H. Fahmy
- Pesticide Formulation Research Department, Central Agriculture Pesticides Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mona S. Abdou
- Cotton Pesticides Evaluation Research Department, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Baber Ali
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Khaled H. Abdel-Rheim
- Cereals and Stored Product Insects Research Department, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdel-Megeed
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba-Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Ahmed Abdel-Megeed,
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Catani L, Grassi E, Cocozza di Montanara A, Guidi L, Sandulli R, Manachini B, Semprucci F. Essential oils and their applications in agriculture and agricultural products: A literature analysis through VOSviewer. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Ajayi FF, Ogori AF, Orede VO, Peter E. Synergistic effect of Balanites aegyptiaca essential oil and storage materials on cowpea seeds. FOODS AND RAW MATERIALS 2022. [DOI: 10.21603/2308-4057-2022-2-545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) is a legume produced and consumed all over Africa and especially in Nigeria. These beans are a major source of protein in the region. The cowpea weevil (Callosobruchus maculatus L.) is a major pest that affects cowpea seeds. Therefore, cowpea farmers need effective non-toxic pesticides to replace synthetic chemicals. The present research tested the effect of Balanites aegyptiaca L. essential oil on cowpea weevils.
This research quantified weevil proliferation and cowpea seed qualities. The samples were treated with 5, 10, and 15 mL of B. aegyptiaca essential oil diluted in 1 mL of acetone and stored in five storage materials, i.e., jute bags, polythene bags, sacks, plastic containers, and glass bottles. The study featured a completely randomized design with three replications of each treatment: treatment time – 90 days, storage temperature – 30 ± 5°C, check – 0.125 g of aluminum phosphide, control – acetone.
B. aegyptiaca essential oil proved to be an effective insecticide against cowpea weevils. The treatment achieved 100% mortality rate at 10 and 15 mL of B. aegyptiaca essential oil after 72 h of exposure in glass bottles, plastic containers, and jute bags. In addition, B. aegyptiaca essential oil demonstrated a potent activity against oviposition and survival of immature cowpea weevils. Cowpea seeds packaged in glass bottles, plastics containers, and jute bags showed significantly less damage than those stored in sacks and polythene bags. Glass bottles were the best storage material in terms of safety and shelf stability, followed by plastic containers and jute bags.
B. aegeptica essential oil has potent insecticidal properties and can be used as pest control during grain storage.
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Akbar R, Khan IA, Faheem B, Azad R, Zaman M, Altaf R, Usman A, Fawad M, Farid A, Saljoqi AUR, Syed A, Bahkali AH, Elgorban AM, Shah JA, Qayyum A. Biorational Control of Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Buchidae) in Stored Grains with Botanical Extracts. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:3443578. [PMID: 36072466 PMCID: PMC9444420 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3443578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Globally, around 2000 plant species are used against pest control. The utilization of botanicals is considered the most economic and biodegradable methods for the control of stored grains pests. Therefore, the current study was carried out to investigate the repellency potential of five botanicals against Callosbruchus maculatus F. in Haripur, Pakistan. The concentrations of Azadirachta indica L., Nicotiana tabacum L., Melia azedarach L., Nicotiana rustica L., and Thuja orientalis L. were, i.e., 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0% in four replicates to establish contact effects. The data were recorded after 1, 2, 3, 6, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours. The repellency effect of these plant species against C. maculatus were increased in both the time- and dose-dependent manner, and highest effect was observed at 72 h. In addition, the repellency effect was 91% for A. indica (class: V), 86% M. azedarach, 82%, N. tabacum (class: V), 79% N. rustica (class: IV), and 75% T. orientalis (class: IV) at 3% concentration against C. maculatus. Furthermore, following 96 hours' exposure to treatment the sensitivity response of insects decreases as the time interval increases, i.e., 86% A. indica (class: V) was followed by 71% M. azedarach (class: IV), 65% N. tabacum (class: IV), 61% N. rustica (class: IV), and T. orientalis 57% (class: III) repellency at highest concentration of 3%. The current study concluded that A. indica and M. azedarach can be incorporated for the management of C. maculatus and these plant species might be helpful in the productions of new biopesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasheed Akbar
- Department of Entomology, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan
| | - Imtiaz Ali Khan
- Department of Entomology, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Brekhna Faheem
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Rashid Azad
- Department of Entomology, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan
| | - Maid Zaman
- Department of Entomology, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan
| | - Rubab Altaf
- Department of Entomology, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Usman
- Department of Entomology, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Fawad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan
| | - Abid Farid
- Department of Entomology, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan
| | | | - Asad Syed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali H. Bahkali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdallah M. Elgorban
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jawad Ali Shah
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology Food & Natural Resources, Czech University of life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Abdul Qayyum
- Department of Agronomy, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan
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Shah JA, Vendl T, Aulicky R, Frankova M, Stejskal V. Gel Carriers for Plant Extracts and Synthetic Pesticides in Rodent and Arthropod Pest Control: An Overview. Gels 2022; 8:gels8080522. [PMID: 36005123 PMCID: PMC9407565 DOI: 10.3390/gels8080522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Insecticides and rodenticides form the basis of integrated pest management systems worldwide. As pest resistance continues to increase and entire groups of chemical active ingredients are restricted or banned, manufacturers are looking for new options for more effective formulations and safer application methods for the remaining pesticide ingredients. In addition to new technological adaptations of mainstream formulations in the form of sprays, fumigants, and dusts, the use of gel formulations is becoming increasingly explored and employed. This article summarizes information on the current and potential use of gel (including hydrogel) and paste formulations against harmful arthropods or rodents in specific branches of pest management in the agricultural, food, stored product, structural wood, urban, medical, and public health areas. Due to the worldwide high interest in natural substances, part of the review was devoted to the use of gels for the formulation of pesticide substances of botanical origin, such as essential or edible oils. Gels as emerging formulation of so called “smart insecticides” based on molecular iRNA disruptors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawad Ali Shah
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Vendl
- Crop Research Institute, Drnovska 507/73, 16106 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (T.V.); (V.S.); Tel.: +420-2-3302-2360 (T.V.); +420-2-3302-2217 (V.S.)
| | - Radek Aulicky
- Crop Research Institute, Drnovska 507/73, 16106 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marcela Frankova
- Crop Research Institute, Drnovska 507/73, 16106 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vaclav Stejskal
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic
- Crop Research Institute, Drnovska 507/73, 16106 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (T.V.); (V.S.); Tel.: +420-2-3302-2360 (T.V.); +420-2-3302-2217 (V.S.)
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Khandehroo F, Moravvej G, Farhadian N, Ahmadzadeh H. Polymeric nanoparticles containing different oils as insecticides against the storage pest
Tribolium castaneum
(Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Khandehroo
- Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Mashhad Iran
| | - Gholamhossein Moravvej
- Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Mashhad Iran
| | - Nafiseh Farhadian
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Mashhad Iran
| | - Hossein Ahmadzadeh
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Mashhad Iran
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Ali SA, Khairy M, Ibrahim AA, Zohry NMH. Black seed and rosemary nanoformulations as green insecticides for the granary weevil, Sitophilus granarius (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). J Food Sci 2022; 87:3095-3106. [PMID: 35638325 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The development of nano-insecticides has attracted much interest in the last decade because it has the potential to result in an alternative pest-management strategy and also reduce the risk of chemically based insecticides. Herein, native rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and black seed (Nigella sativa) oils were utilized for preparing their nanoemulsions by spontaneous emulsification method in the presence of tween 80 as a structure-directing agent. The prepared nanoemulsions were explored for granary weevil, Sitophilus granarius (L.), adults control and compared with their oils. Within the typical droplet sizes of 100 and 224 nm, both rosemary and black seed nanoemulsions were found to be physically and thermodynamically stable. The insecticidal activity of the nanoemulsions was higher than that of the crude oils. After 24 h of exposure, the LD50 values of rosemary and black seed nanoemulsions were estimated to be 102.56 and 35.08 µg/g, respectively, compared to 188.95 and 210.09 µg/g of their oils. These results revealed that the droplet size and chemical composition of the nanoemulsion are the significant factors that affect their toxicity. Surprisingly, the nanoemulsions had no effect on seed germination at LD50 or even LD99 . The utilization of such nanoformulations might open up a new avenue for ecofriendly pest control that is not damaging to humans or the environment, as well as a growing agricultural economy. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The loss of cereals in postharvesting is one of the major challenges in the world because up to 50% of harvested grains might be destroyed. The intensive usage of chemicals caused harmful effects on humans and the environment. Thus, we prepared rosemary and black seed nanoemulsions and applied them for the grain weevil, S. granarius, control. The results showed superior toxicological efficacy without any effects on seed germination compared with their native oils. Such green strategy could be used instead of chemical insecticides to be environmentally safe for animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salwa A Ali
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Khairy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | | | - Nasra M H Zohry
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
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Identification of Volatile Compounds and Insecticidal Activity of Essential Oils from Origanum compactum Benth. and Rosmarinus officinalis L. against Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.). J CHEM-NY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/7840409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This work was undertaken to investigate the volatile compounds and insecticidal activity of essential oils (EOs) from Origanum compactum Benth. and Rosmarinus officinalis L. against the crop pest Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.). Essential oils of Origanum compactum (EOC) and Rosmarinus officinalis L. (EOR) were extracted by use of hydrodistillation, and their volatile compounds were profiled by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The insecticidal activity of extracted EOC and EOR was evaluated against C. maculatus. GC-MS analysis revealed that carvacrol (70.88%) and 1,8-cineole (62.35%) were the major constituents of EOC and EOR, respectively. EOC exhibited a potent insecticidal activity with calculated LC50 values of 6.77 and 3.57 μL/L air, 24 and 48 h posttreatment, respectively. Comparable LC50 values were obtained for EOR recording 6.25 and 3.82 μL/L, 48 h posttreatment. The effects of fumigation by the tested EOs on fertility (egg hatching) and the emergence of adult C. maculatus were also investigated. Notably, EOC completely abolished egg fertility judged by the abrogation of emergence of adults, regardless of the tested dose. By contrast, EOR completely inhibited the fertility and the emergence of C. maculatus adults at the dose of 16 μL/10 g. The outcome of the present study highlights the utility of the EOs from O. compactum Benth. and R. officinalis L. as natural sources of effective and ecofriendly pest-control agents.
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Evrim Sönmez. The Effect of Four Plant Extracts on Life Expectancy, the Number of Eggs Laid and the Reproductive Physiology of Acanthoscelides obtectus and Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). BIOL BULL+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s106235902115005x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Contact Toxicity and Ovideterrent Activity of Three Essential Oil-Based Nano-Emulsions against the Olive Fruit Fly Bactrocera oleae. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8030240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The control strategies for the olive crop key pest, Bactrocera oleae, involve synthetic chemical insecticides and few eco-sustainable alternatives, such as ovideterrents and lures. In the last few decades, the interest concerning the formulation of botanical based biopesticides increased, but little research investigated the suitability of these approaches for B. oleae control. This research aimed to investigate the residual contact toxicity and the oviposition deterrence of three essential oil (EO)-based nano-emulsions (Pimpinella anisum, Foeniculum vulgare, Mentha × piperita) against B. oleae adult flies. All the nano-emulsions possessed optimal physical characteristics, with droplets dimensions ranging from 115 to 152 nm and low PDI values (<0.2), even after 1 year of storage. Although no notable residual contact toxicity was noted, all the tested formulations reduced the number of oviposition puncture in no-choice tests (percent repellence: mint < fennel < anise). In choice trials, olives treated with fennel and anise EO-formulations at the highest concentration (7.5%, 75 g of EO/L) were less attractive respect to control fruits and a significant reduction of olive punctures was recorded. Nano-biopesticides are promising eco-friendly tools to integrate B. oleae pest management programs and to reduce the use of harmful conventional active ingredients.
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Moshrefi Zenoozi Z, Soltaninezhad B, Hashemi M, Noori SMA. A review of effective essential oils and their biologically active compounds to protect the safety of food stored against insect pests. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2022.2032420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Moshrefi Zenoozi
- Department of Food and Drug Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Batool Soltaninezhad
- Department of Food Hygiene and Aquaculture, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hashemi
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mohammad Ali Noori
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Chemical Composition and Evaluation of Insecticidal Activity of Calendula incana subsp. maritima and Laserpitium siler subsp. siculum Essential Oils against Stored Products Pests. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030588. [PMID: 35163853 PMCID: PMC8840456 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The problems of the environment and human health related to the use of synthetic and broad-spectrum insecticides have increasingly motivated scientific research on different alternatives and among these, the use of green systems, such as essential oils, have been explored. Several species of the Apiaceae and Asteraceae families, aromatic herbs rich in secondary bioactive metabolites, are used in the industrial field for pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food purposes. Different essential oils extracted from some species of these families have shown acute toxicity and attractive and/or repellent effects towards different insects. In our work, we investigated the toxic potential of Calendula incana subsp. maritima and Laserpitium siler subsp. siculum essential oils against four insect species, Sitophilus oryzae, Lasioderma serricorne, Necrobia rufipes, and Rhyzoperta dominica, which are common pests of stored products. The composition of both oils, extracted by hydrodistillation from the aerial parts of the two plants, was evaluated by GC×GC-MS. Calendula incana subsp. maritima essential oil was rich in oxygenated sesquiterpenoids, such as cubebol (35.39%), 4-epi-cubebol (22.99%), and cubenol (12.77%), while the Laserpitium siler subsp. siculum essential oil was composed mainly of monoterpene hydrocarbons, such as β-phellandrene (42.16%), limonene (23.87%), and β-terpinene (11.80%). The toxicity Petri dish bioassays indicated that C. maritima oil killed a mean of 65.50% of S. oryzae and 44.00% of R. dominica adults, indicating a higher biocidal activity in comparison with L. siculum oil, while toward the other species, no significant differences in mortality were recorded. Calendula maritima oil could be, then, considered a promising candidate for further tests as an alternative biocide toward S. oryzae and R. dominica. The possibility that the relatively high content of oxygenated sesquiterpenoids in C. maritima essential oil determines its higher biocidal activity is discussed.
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Jayaram CS, Chauhan N, Dolma SK, Reddy SGE. Chemical Composition and Insecticidal Activities of Essential Oils against the Pulse Beetle. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27020568. [PMID: 35056883 PMCID: PMC8777654 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulse beetles, Callosobruchus chinensis and Callosobruchus maculatus, are essential pests of cowpea, gram, soybean and pulses. Application of synthetic insecticides against the pulse beetle has led to insect resistance; insecticide residues on grains affect human health and the environment. Essential oils (EOs) are the best alternatives to synthetics due to their safety to the environment and health. The main objective of the investigation was to study the chemical composition and insecticidal activities of EOs, their combinations and compounds against the pulse beetle under laboratory. Neo-isomenthol, carvone and β-ocimene are the significant components of tested oils using GC-MS. Mentha spicata showed promising fumigant toxicity against C. chinensis (LC50 = 0.94 µL/mL) and was followed by M. piperita (LC50 = 0.98 µL/mL), whereas M. piperita (LC50 = 0.92 µL/mL) against C. maculatus. A combination of Tagetes minuta + M. piperita showed more toxicity against C. chinensis after 48 h (LC50 = 0.87 µL/mL) than T. minuta + M. spicata (LC50 = 1.07 µL/mL). L-Carvone showed fumigant toxicity against C. chinensis after 48 h (LC50 = 1.19 µL/mL). Binary mixtures of T. minuta +M. piperita and M. spicata showed promising toxicity and synergistic activity. EOs also exhibited repellence and ovipositional inhibition. The application of M. piperita can be recommended for the control of the pulse beetle.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. S. Jayaram
- Entomology Laboratory, Agrotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, India; (C.S.J.); (N.C.); (S.K.D.)
| | - Nandita Chauhan
- Entomology Laboratory, Agrotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, India; (C.S.J.); (N.C.); (S.K.D.)
| | - Shudh Kirti Dolma
- Entomology Laboratory, Agrotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, India; (C.S.J.); (N.C.); (S.K.D.)
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - S. G. Eswara Reddy
- Entomology Laboratory, Agrotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, India; (C.S.J.); (N.C.); (S.K.D.)
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Correspondence: or
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Pesticidal Activity of Sundarban Mangrove Plant Extracts against Sitophilus Pests and Identification of Active Constituents Using LC-MS. Adv Pharmacol Pharm Sci 2021; 2021:1540336. [PMID: 34957401 PMCID: PMC8695028 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1540336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants act as a rich source of novel natural pesticides. In the backdrop of the recent revival of interest in developing plant-based insecticides, this study was carried out to investigate the pesticidal activity of Sundarban mangrove plants. A total of nine different plant parts from five plants, namely, Aegiceras corniculatum, Excoecaria agallocha, Heritiera fomes, Xylocarpus moluccensis, and Xylocarpus granatum, were extracted with methanol and tested for insecticidal activity against two common stored product pests Sitophilus oryzae and Sitophilus zeamais using direct contact feeding deterrent wafer disc method. Three bark extracts from A. corniculatum, E. agallocha, and H. fomes showed potent and statistically significant insecticidal activity against both S. oryzae and S. zeamais pests (80–100% mortality). All the active bark extracts were further fractionated using C-18 solid-phase extraction (SPE) columns and tested for their insecticidal activity against S. oryzae pest to identify the active fraction. Only the SPE4 fraction (100% MeOH) from all the three active plants showed the activity against S. oryzae pest with a lethal concentration 50% (LC50) value of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mg/disc for A. corniculatum, E. agallocha, and H. fomes, respectively. The active fraction of A. corniculatum was further profiled for identification of active compounds using LC-ESI-MS and identified (along with some unknown peaks) two previously reported compounds at m/z 625.17630 (isorhamnetin 3-O-rutinoside) and 422.25346 (paspaline) as major constituents. Insecticidal activities of these plants are reported in this study for the first time and would be useful in promoting research aiming for the development of new biopesticides from mangrove plants.
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Elnabawy ESM, Hassan S, Taha EKA. Repellent and Toxicant Effects of Eight Essential Oils against the Red Flour Beetle, Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). BIOLOGY 2021; 11:3. [PMID: 35053000 PMCID: PMC8772687 DOI: 10.3390/biology11010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to compare the repellent effect and contact toxicity of eight essential oils (EOs), including Syzygium aromaticum, Allium sativum, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Lavandula officinalis, Simmondsia chinensis, Matricaria chamomilla, Citrus limon, and Prunus dulcis, against adults of Tribolium castaneum Herbst. Four concentrations (1, 5, 10, and 15% in acetone solvent) of each EO were tested. The 5, 10, and 15% concentrations of S. aromaticum EO had a high repellency effect against T. castaneum compared with A. sativum, E. camaldulensis, L. officinalis, S. chinensis, M. chamomilla, C. limon, and P. dulcis after 30 min of exposure. The repellency test of the S. aromaticum, E. camaldulensis, L. officinalis, M. chamomilla, C. limon, and P. dulcis EOs on T. castaneum has shown that the mortality percentages enhanced with the increase in the EOs concentration and also with the exposure time. The 15% concentration of P. dulcis and M. chamomilla EOs have a significant impact on the mortality rate of T. castaneum compared with S. aromaticum, A. sativum, E. camaldulensis, L. officinalis, and S. chinensis after the 24 h of contact test. Moreover, the 15% concentration of the C. limon EO caused a greater mortality percentage compared with S. aromaticum, A. sativum, E. camaldulensis, and L. officinalis. It could be concluded that using the S. aromaticum EO as a repellent oil and using P. dulcis, M. chamomilla, and C. limon for contact toxicity to treat the flour infested by T. castaneum can play an important role in protecting stored grains and their products.
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Affiliation(s)
- El-Said M. Elnabawy
- Department of Economic Entomology, College of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt;
| | - Sabry Hassan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - El-Kazafy A. Taha
- Department of Economic Entomology, College of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt;
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Zeni V, Baliota GV, Benelli G, Canale A, Athanassiou CG. Diatomaceous Earth for Arthropod Pest Control: Back to the Future. Molecules 2021; 26:7487. [PMID: 34946567 PMCID: PMC8706096 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, we are tackling various issues related to the overuse of synthetic insecticides. Growing concerns about biodiversity, animal and human welfare, and food security are pushing agriculture toward a more sustainable approach, and research is moving in this direction, looking for environmentally friendly alternatives to be adopted in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) protocols. In this regard, inert dusts, especially diatomaceous earths (DEs), hold a significant promise to prevent and control a wide range of arthropod pests. DEs are a type of naturally occurring soft siliceous sedimentary rock, consisting of the fossilized exoskeleton of unicellular algae, which are called diatoms. Mainly adopted for the control of stored product pests, DEs have found also their use against some household insects living in a dry environment, such as bed bugs, or insects of agricultural interest. In this article, we reported a comprehensive review of the use of DEs against different arthropod pest taxa, such as Acarina, Blattodea, Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Ixodida, Lepidoptera, when applied either alone or in combination with other techniques. The mechanisms of action of DEs, their real-world applications, and challenges related to their adoption in IPM programs are critically reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Zeni
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (V.Z.); (A.C.)
| | - Georgia V. Baliota
- Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Phytokou Str., 38446 Volos, Greece; (G.V.B.); (C.G.A.)
| | - Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (V.Z.); (A.C.)
| | - Angelo Canale
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (V.Z.); (A.C.)
| | - Christos G. Athanassiou
- Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Phytokou Str., 38446 Volos, Greece; (G.V.B.); (C.G.A.)
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Method Validation and Evaluation of Safrole Persistence in Cowpea Beans Using Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction and Gas Chromatography. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26226914. [PMID: 34834007 PMCID: PMC8618816 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioinsecticides are regarded as important alternatives for controlling agricultural pests. However, few studies have determined the persistence of these compounds in stored grains. This study aimed at optimizing and validating a fast and effective method for extraction and quantification of residues of safrole (the main component of Piper hispidinervum essential oil) in cowpea beans. It also sought to assess the persistence of this substance in the grains treated by contact and fumigation. The proposed method used headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector (GC/FID). Factors such as temperature, extraction time and type of fiber were assessed to maximize the performance of the extraction technique. The performance of the method was appraised via the parameters selectivity, linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), precision, and accuracy. The LOD and LOQ of safrole were 0.0057 and 0.019 μg kg−1, respectively and the determination coefficient (R2) was >0.99. The relative recovery ranged from 99.26 to 104.85, with a coefficient of variation <15%. The validated method was applied to assess the persistence of safrole residue in grains, where concentrations ranged from 1.095 to 0.052 µg kg−1 (contact) and from 2.16 to 0.12 µg kg −1 (fumigation). The levels measured up from the fifth day represented less than 1% of the initial concentration, proving that safrole have low persistence in cowpea beans, thus being safe for bioinsecticide use. Thus, this work is relevant not only for the extraction method developed, but also for the possible use of a natural insecticide in pest management in stored grains.
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Piramoon P, Mohammadzadeh A, Mohammadzadeh M, Behzadi M, Dehghan A, Mohammadzadeh M, Rastakhiz N. Toxicity and sublethal effects of plant essential oils on life history and detoxification enzymes activity of two-spotted spider mite (Acari: Tetranychidae). TOXIN REV 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2021.1987266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Parvash Piramoon
- Department of Physical Education, Bam Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bam, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammadzadeh
- Chemistry Department, Kerman branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Mohammadzadeh
- Physiology and Pharmacology Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Behzadi
- Department of Chemistry, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Azita Dehghan
- Department of Agriculture, Bam Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bam, Iran
| | | | - Nahid Rastakhiz
- Chemistry Department, Kerman branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran
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Oviedo-Sarmiento JS, Bustos Cortes JJ, Delgado Ávila WA, Cuca Suárez LE, Herrera Daza E, Patiño-Ladino OJ, Prieto-Rodríguez JA. Fumigant toxicity and biochemical effects of selected essential oils toward the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 179:104941. [PMID: 34802531 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) is an insect popularly known as the red flour beetle, it is widely distributed worldwide and can cause serious damage to stored grains. Chemical control is the most used method for managing this pest, however, some substances are toxic to mammals and the environment. Therefore, the development of new effective and safe insecticides is necessary. Essential oils (EOs) can be considered as a potential alternative in the development of pesticides due to their physicochemical properties and varied effects against insects. In the current study, was determined the fumigant toxicity and biochemical effects of selected essential oils against T. castaneum. The 23 selected EOs were characterized by GC-MS and their fumigant lethal concentrations were determined. An exploratory Cluster analysis was performed to find a relationship between fumigant toxicity and chemical composition. Finally, the inhibition of the catalytic activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT) was evaluated using protein homogenates obtained from T. castaneum. The results indicated that EOs with the highest fumigant potential were those with greater diversity in their composition, while the least active EOs presented mainly monoterpenes. The most active EOs were those obtained from Foeniculum vulgare and Zanthoxylum monophyllum with LC50 values of 16.23 and 18.54 μL/L air respectively. Regarding the inhibition of the enzymatic activity of the 23 EOs evaluated at 500 μL/L, only two caused an inhibition greater that 50% on AChE, which corresponded to EOs from Piper nigrum and Rosmarinus officinalis. Likewise, EOs from C. sinensis, Piper aduncum and Zanthoxylum monophyllum were the only ones able to inhibiting GST activity by more than 50%. Respecting CAT inhibition, 7 EOs caused and inhibition greater than 50%, highlighting those from Lavandula angustifolia, C. sempervirens and Eucalyptus sp. These results show that the EOs evaluated in this study seems to be a promising bio-controller of T. castaneum since have high fumigant toxicity and exert different mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan S Oviedo-Sarmiento
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, 110231 Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jenifer J Bustos Cortes
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Sede Bogotá, 111321 Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Wilman A Delgado Ávila
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Sede Bogotá, 111321 Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luis E Cuca Suárez
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Sede Bogotá, 111321 Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Eddy Herrera Daza
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, 110231 Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Oscar J Patiño-Ladino
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Sede Bogotá, 111321 Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juliet A Prieto-Rodríguez
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, 110231 Bogotá, Colombia.
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Narayanankutty A, Sasidharan A, Job JT, Rajagopal R, Alfarhan A, Kim YO, Kim HJ. Mango ginger (Curcuma amada Roxb.) rhizome essential oils as source of environmental friendly biocides: Comparison of the chemical composition, antibacterial, insecticidal and larvicidal properties of essential oils extracted by different methods. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 202:111718. [PMID: 34297936 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The essential oil isolated from plants is widely utilized as eco-friendly biocides and antibacterial agents. Curcuma amada, commonly known as mango ginger, is well-known for its applications in the food and aromatics industry for its significant mango-like aroma. The present study compared the different C. amada essential oils prepared by hydrodistillation (CHD), steam distillation (CSD), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), for their chemical composition, antibacterial, larvicidal and insecticidal properties. GC/MS analysis indicated the presence of compounds including α-pinene, β-myrcene, p-cymene, (Z)-β-ocimene, Camphor, linalyl acetate, safrole, ar-curcumene, and β-curcumene in the different C. amada essential oils. The antibacterial activity was observed against different strains of microbes, with a higher efficacy in the essential oils prepared by UAE and MAE methods. Apart from these, the MAE, UAE, CSD, and CHD were also shown to have significantly higher larvicidal activity against Aedes, Culex, and Armigeres species; however, no toxic effect was observed in non-targeted species like fishes and Allium cepa model of genotoxicity. Further, these essential oils were also found to have significant contact and fumigant toxicity as well as repellency against pests of stored grains (Sitophilus and Tribolium). Considering these results, the present study assumes that Curcuma amada essential oils may be a source of ecofriendly insecticides and antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunaksharan Narayanankutty
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Post Graduate & Research Department of Zoology, St. Joseph's College (Autonomous), Devagiri, Calicut, Kerala, India.
| | - Anju Sasidharan
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Post Graduate & Research Department of Zoology, St. Joseph's College (Autonomous), Devagiri, Calicut, Kerala, India
| | - Joice Tom Job
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Post Graduate & Research Department of Zoology, St. Joseph's College (Autonomous), Devagiri, Calicut, Kerala, India
| | - Rajakrishnan Rajagopal
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alfarhan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Young Ock Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak-Jae Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.
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Zeni V, Benelli G, Campolo O, Giunti G, Palmeri V, Maggi F, Rizzo R, Lo Verde G, Lucchi A, Canale A. Toxics or Lures? Biological and Behavioral Effects of Plant Essential Oils on Tephritidae Fruit Flies. Molecules 2021; 26:5898. [PMID: 34641444 PMCID: PMC8511996 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The family Tephritidae (Diptera) includes species that are highly invasive and harmful to crops. Due to globalization, international trade, and human displacement, their spread is continuously increasing. Unfortunately, the control of tephritid flies is still closely linked to the use of synthetic insecticides, which are responsible for detrimental effects on the environment and human health. Recently, research is looking for alternative and more eco-friendly tools to be adopted in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs. In this regard, essential oils (EOs) and their main compounds represent a promising alternative to chemical insecticides. EOs are made up of phytoconstituents formed from the secondary metabolism of many plants and can act as attractants or toxics, depending on the dose. Because of this unique characteristic, EOs and their main constituents are promising tools that can be used both in Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) programs and in the "lure and kill" technique, exploiting the attractiveness of the product in the former case and its toxicity in the latter. In this article, current knowledge on the biological and behavioral effects of EOs and their main constituents on tephritid fruit flies is reviewed, mainly focusing on species belonging to the Anastrepha, Bactrocera, Ceratitis, and Zeugodacus genera. The mechanisms of action of EOs, their real-world applications, and challenges related to their use in IPM are critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Zeni
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (V.Z.); (A.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (V.Z.); (A.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Orlando Campolo
- Department of Agriculture, University “Mediterranea” of Reggio Calabria, Loc. Feo Di Vito, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy; (O.C.); (G.G.); (V.P.)
| | - Giulia Giunti
- Department of Agriculture, University “Mediterranea” of Reggio Calabria, Loc. Feo Di Vito, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy; (O.C.); (G.G.); (V.P.)
| | - Vincenzo Palmeri
- Department of Agriculture, University “Mediterranea” of Reggio Calabria, Loc. Feo Di Vito, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy; (O.C.); (G.G.); (V.P.)
| | - Filippo Maggi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Sant’Agostino, 62032 Camerino, Italy;
| | - Roberto Rizzo
- CREA Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, S.S. 113-km 245.500, 90011 Bagheria, Italy;
| | - Gabriella Lo Verde
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 5, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Andrea Lucchi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (V.Z.); (A.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Angelo Canale
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (V.Z.); (A.L.); (A.C.)
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Essential Oil-Based Nano-Biopesticides: Formulation and Bioactivity against the Confused Flour Beetle Tribolium confusum. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13179746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Post-harvest pest control can rely on few approved pesticides and tools; hence, there is a rising interest in new sustainable, eco-friendly approaches. In this study, eight commercial essential oils (EOs) (anise Pimpinella anisum, artemisia Artemisia vulgaris, fennel Foenicum vulgare, garlic Allium sativum, lavender Lavandula angustifolia, mint Mentha piperita, rosemary Rosmarinus officinalis, and sage Salvia officinalis) were selected for their bioactivity and commercial availability, and then formulated in nano-emulsions. Repellency and acute toxicity of the developed nano-formulations were tested against a key stored product pest, Tribolium confusum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). All the developed nano-emulsions presented optimal physical characteristics (droplet dimension = 95.01–144.30 nm; PDI = 0.146–0.248). All the formulations were repellent over time tested against adult beetles, in area preference bioassays. The best repellent was the anise EO-based formulation (RC50 = 0.033 mg). Mortality values from cold aerosol trials showed that the majority of tested EOs caused immediate acute toxicity, and garlic EO nano-emulsion caused the highest mortality of T. confusum adults (LC50 = 0.486 mg/L of air). EO-based nano-insecticides, used as cold aerosol and gel, are promising control methods against stored product pests, which can be integrated and combined with other sustainable biorational approaches.
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Dassanayake MK, Chong CH, Khoo TJ, Figiel A, Szumny A, Choo CM. Synergistic Field Crop Pest Management Properties of Plant-Derived Essential Oils in Combination with Synthetic Pesticides and Bioactive Molecules: A Review. Foods 2021; 10:2016. [PMID: 34574123 PMCID: PMC8467659 DOI: 10.3390/foods10092016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The management of insect pests and fungal diseases that cause damage to crops has become challenging due to the rise of pesticide and fungicide resistance. The recent developments in studies related to plant-derived essential oil products has led to the discovery of a range of phytochemicals with the potential to combat pesticide and fungicide resistance. This review paper summarizes and interprets the findings of experimental work based on plant-based essential oils in combination with existing pesticidal and fungicidal agents and novel bioactive natural and synthetic molecules against the insect pests and fungi responsible for the damage of crops. The insect mortality rate and fractional inhibitory concentration were used to evaluate the insecticidal and fungicidal activities of essential oil synergists against crop-associated pests. A number of studies have revealed that plant-derived essential oils are capable of enhancing the insect mortality rate and reducing the minimum inhibitory concentration of commercially available pesticides, fungicides and other bioactive molecules. Considering these facts, plant-derived essential oils represent a valuable and novel source of bioactive compounds with potent synergism to modulate crop-associated insect pests and phytopathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackingsley Kushan Dassanayake
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih 43500, Malaysia; (M.K.D.); (T.-J.K.)
| | - Chien Hwa Chong
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham, Jalan Broga, Semenyih 43500, Malaysia
| | - Teng-Jin Khoo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih 43500, Malaysia; (M.K.D.); (T.-J.K.)
| | - Adam Figiel
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37a, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Antoni Szumny
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Chee Ming Choo
- Centre for Water Research, Faculty of Engineering, Built Environment and Information Technology, SEGi University Kota Damansara, Petaling Jaya 47810, Malaysia;
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Krzyżowski M, Baran B, Francikowski J. Intergenerational Transmission of Resistance of Callosobruchus maculatus to Essential Oil Treatment. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154541. [PMID: 34361693 PMCID: PMC8348232 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the rise of numerous legal restrictions as well as the increasing emergence of resistant populations, the number of available pesticides is decreasing significantly. One of the potential alternatives often described in the literature are essential oils (EOs). However, there is a lack of research addressing the potential emergence of resistance to this group of substances. In this paper, we investigated the multi-generational effects of sublethal concentrations of rosemary oil (Rosmarinus officinalis) on physiological and biochemical parameters of the cowpea weevil (Callosobruchus maculatus) such as egg laying, hatchability, oxygen consumption and acetylcholinesterase activity. Imago, which as larvae were exposed to EO at concentrations equivalent to LC25, showed significantly lower mortality. The results obtained indicate the potential development of resistance in insects exposed to EO in concentrations corresponding to LC25. In addition, in the case of the group treated with an EO concentration corresponding to LC3.12, a stimulation effect of the above-mentioned parameters was observed, which may indicate the occurrence of a hormesis effect. The obtained results may be an important reference for the development of future guidelines and EO-based insecticides.
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Liang J, Ning A, Lu P, An Y, Wang Z, Zhang J, He C, Wang Y. Biological activities and synergistic effects of Elsholtzia stauntoni essential oil from flowers and leaves and their major constituents against Tribolium castaneum. Eur Food Res Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-021-03829-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Stejskal V, Vendl T, Aulicky R, Athanassiou C. Synthetic and Natural Insecticides: Gas, Liquid, Gel and Solid Formulations for Stored-Product and Food-Industry Pest Control. INSECTS 2021; 12:590. [PMID: 34209742 PMCID: PMC8305526 DOI: 10.3390/insects12070590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The selective application of insecticides is one of the cornerstones of integrated pest management (IPM) and management strategies for pest resistance to insecticides. The present work provides a comprehensive overview of the traditional and new methods for the application of gas, liquid, gel, and solid physical insecticide formulations to control stored-product and food industry urban pests from the taxa Acarina, Blattodea, Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Psocoptera, and Zygentoma. Various definitions and concepts historically and currently used for various pesticide application formulations and methods are also described. This review demonstrates that new technological advances have sparked renewed research interest in the optimization of conventional methods such as insecticide aerosols, sprays, fumigants, and inert gases. Insect growth regulators/disruptors (IGRs/IGDs) are increasingly employed in baits, aerosols, residual treatments, and as spray-residual protectants for long-term stored-grain protection. Insecticide-impregnated hypoxic multilayer bags have been proven to be one of the most promising low-cost and safe methods for hermetic grain storage in developing countries. Insecticide-impregnated netting and food baits were originally developed for the control of urban/medical pests and have been recognized as an innovative technology for the protection of stored commodities. New biodegradable acaricide gel coatings and nets have been suggested for the protection of ham meat. Tablets and satchels represent a new approach for the application of botanicals. Many emerging technologies can be found in the form of impregnated protective packaging (insect growth regulators/disruptors (IGRs/IGDs), natural repellents), pheromone-based attracticides, electrostatic dust or sprays, nanoparticles, edible artificial sweeteners, hydrogels, inert baits with synthetic attractants, biodegradable encapsulations of active ingredients, and cyanogenic protective grain coatings. Smart pest control technologies based on RNA-based gene silencing compounds incorporated into food baits stand at the forefront of current strategic research. Inert gases and dust (diatomaceous earth) are positive examples of alternatives to synthetic pesticide products, for which methods of application and their integration with other methods have been proposed and implemented in practice. Although many promising laboratory studies have been conducted on the biological activity of natural botanical insecticides, published studies demonstrating their effective industrial field usage in grain stores and food production facilities are scarce. This review shows that the current problems associated with the application of some natural botanical insecticides (e.g., sorption, stability, field efficacy, and smell) to some extent echo problems that were frequently encountered and addressed almost 100 years ago during the transition from ancient to modern classical chemical pest control methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaclav Stejskal
- Crop Research Institute, Drnovska 507/73, 16106 Prague, Czech Republic; (T.V.); (R.A.)
| | - Tomas Vendl
- Crop Research Institute, Drnovska 507/73, 16106 Prague, Czech Republic; (T.V.); (R.A.)
| | - Radek Aulicky
- Crop Research Institute, Drnovska 507/73, 16106 Prague, Czech Republic; (T.V.); (R.A.)
| | - Christos Athanassiou
- Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Phytokou Str., 38446 Nea Ionia, Greece;
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Al-Harbi NA, Al Attar NM, Hikal DM, Mohamed SE, Abdel Latef AAH, Ibrahim AA, Abdein MA. Evaluation of Insecticidal Effects of Plants Essential Oils Extracted from Basil, Black Seeds and Lavender against Sitophilus oryzae. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:829. [PMID: 33919409 PMCID: PMC8143373 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The risk of using synthetic insecticides to the environment, human health, and the emergence of new genera of pests resistant to that kind of drugs, have led to attention in natural compounds. The present study aimed at evaluating the insecticidal activity of 0.25-6 mg/cm2 of basil (Ocimum basilicum), black seeds (Nigella sativa), and lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) essential oils (EOs) against one of the major stored product pests, Sitophilus oryzae (L.). This was done by assessing mortality and repellent percentage assay in the adult stage, as well as analysing up and down-regulated genes associated with toxicity effect of selected EOs. The three studied EOs showed a toxic effect on S. oryzae; where O. basilicum and L. angustifolia EOs explicated 100% mortality at 6 mg/cm2 after 48 and 24 h, respectively. The highest repellence activity was recorded for O. basilicum EO at 0.75 mg/cm2 with value 82.3% after exposure time 5 h. In the highest dose (6 mg/cm2), the maximum up-regulated expression level of detoxification DEGs genes (CL1294 and CL 8) and cytochrome p45o gene (CYP4Q4) in Lavandula angustifolia EOs exhibited 8.32, 6.08, and 3.75 fold changes, respectively, as compared with 4.76 fold at 10 ppm malathion and 1.02 fold change in acetone control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadi Awad Al-Harbi
- Biology Department, University College of Tayma, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71411, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Nagy M. Al Attar
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt;
| | - Dalia M. Hikal
- Nutrition and Food Science, Home Economics Department, Faculty of Specific Education, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| | - Salwa E. Mohamed
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt;
| | - Arafat Abdel Hamed Abdel Latef
- Biology Department, Turabah University College, Turabah Branch, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amira A. Ibrahim
- Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El-Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed A. Abdein
- Biology Department, Faculty of Arts and Science, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia
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Chaudhari AK, Singh VK, Kedia A, Das S, Dubey NK. Essential oils and their bioactive compounds as eco-friendly novel green pesticides for management of storage insect pests: prospects and retrospects. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:18918-18940. [PMID: 33609244 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12841-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The control of storage insect pests is largely based on synthetic pesticides. However, due to fast growing resistance in the targeted insects, negative impact on humans and non-target organisms as well as the environment, there is an urgent need to search some safer alternatives of these xenobiotics. Many essential oils (EOs) and their bioactive compounds have received particular attention for application as botanical pesticides, since they exhibited high insecticidal efficacy, diverse mode of action, and favourable safety profiles on mammalian system as well as to the non-target organisms. Data collected from scientific articles show that these EOs and their bioactive compounds exhibited insecticidal activity via fumigant, contact, repellent, antifeedant, ovicidal, oviposition deterrent and larvicidal activity, and by inhibiting/altering important neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine esterase (AChE) and octopamine or neurotransmitter inhibitor γ-amino butyric acid (GABA), as well as by altering the enzymatic [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidases (POx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GR)] and non-enzymatic [glutathione (GSH)] antioxidant defence systems. However, in spite of promising pesticidal efficacy against storage pests, the practical application of EOs and their bioactive compounds in real food systems remain rather limited because of their high volatility, poor water solubility and susceptibility towards degradation. Nanoencapsulation/nanoemulsion of EOs is currently considered as a promising tool that improved water solubility, enhanced bio-efficacy, stability and controlled release, thereby expanding their applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Kumar Chaudhari
- Laboratory of Herbal Pesticides, Centre of Advanced Study (CAS) in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Vipin Kumar Singh
- Laboratory of Herbal Pesticides, Centre of Advanced Study (CAS) in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Akash Kedia
- Department of Botany, Government General Degree College, Mangalkote, Mathrun, Purba Bardhaman, West Bengal, 713132, India
| | - Somenath Das
- Laboratory of Herbal Pesticides, Centre of Advanced Study (CAS) in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Nawal Kishore Dubey
- Laboratory of Herbal Pesticides, Centre of Advanced Study (CAS) in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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