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Nunthanasup N, Ketprasit N, Noulsri E, Palasuwan A, Combes V, Kulkeaw K, Palasuwan D. Thrombopoietin-independent generation of platelet-like particles from megakaryoblastic cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22553. [PMID: 38110522 PMCID: PMC10728061 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50111-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of megakaryoblastic leukemia MEG-01 cells can help reveal the mechanisms of thrombopoiesis. However, conventional in vitro activation of platelet release from MEG-01 cells requires thrombopoietin, which is costly. Here, we aim to develop a more straightforward and affordable method. Synchronization of the MEG-01 cells was initially performed using serum-free culture, followed by spontaneous cell differentiation in the presence of serum. Different stages of megakaryoblast differentiation were classified based on cell morphology, DNA content, and cell cycle. The MEG-01 cells released platelet-like particles at a level comparable to that of the thrombopoietin-activated MEG-01 cells. The platelet-like particles were distinguishable from PLP-derived extracellular vesicles and could express P-selectin following ADP activation. Importantly, the platelet-like particles induced fibrin clotting in vitro using platelet-poor plasma. Therefore, this thrombopoietin-independent cell synchronization method is an effective and straightforward method for studying megakaryopoiesis and thrombopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuntiporn Nunthanasup
- Program in Clinical Hematology Sciences, Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Nutpakal Ketprasit
- Oxidation in Red Cell Disorders Research Unit, Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Egarit Noulsri
- Research Division, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Attakorn Palasuwan
- Oxidation in Red Cell Disorders Research Unit, Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Valery Combes
- Malaria and Microvesicles Research Group, School of Life Science, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Kasem Kulkeaw
- Siriraj Integrative Center for Neglected Parasitic Diseases, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
| | - Duangdao Palasuwan
- Oxidation in Red Cell Disorders Research Unit, Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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2
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Gysel E, Larijani L, Kallos MS, Krawetz RJ. Suicide gene-enabled cell therapy: A novel approach to scalable human pluripotent stem cell quality control. Bioessays 2023; 45:e2300037. [PMID: 37582645 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202300037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
There are an increasing number of cell therapy approaches being studied and employed world-wide. An emerging area in this field is the use of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) products for the treatment of injuries/diseases that cannot be effectively managed through current approaches. However, as with any cell therapy, vast numbers of functional and safe cells are required. Bioreactors provide an attractive avenue to generate clinically relevant cell numbers with decreased labour and decreased batch to batch variation. Yet, current methods of performing quality control are not readily scalable to the cell densities produced during bioreactor scale-up. One potential solution is the application of inducible/controllable suicide genes that can trigger cell death in unwanted cell types. These types of approaches have been demonstrated to increase the quality and safety of the resultant cell products. In this review, we will provide background on these approaches and how they could be used together with bioreactor technology to create effective bioprocesses for the generation of high quality and safe hPSCs for use in regenerative medicine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Gysel
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Leila Larijani
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Michael S Kallos
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Roman J Krawetz
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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3
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Matos BMD, Stimamiglio MA, Correa A, Robert AW. Human pluripotent stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles: From now to the future. World J Stem Cells 2023; 15:453-465. [PMID: 37342215 PMCID: PMC10277970 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v15.i5.453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanometric particles that enclose cell-derived bioactive molecules in a lipid bilayer and serve as intercellular communication tools. Accordingly, in various biological contexts, EVs are reported to engage in immune modulation, senescence, and cell proliferation and differentiation. Therefore, EVs could be key elements for potential off-the-shelf cell-free therapy. Little has been studied regarding EVs derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC-EVs), even though hPSCs offer good opportunities for induction of tissue regeneration and unlimited proliferative ability. In this review article, we provide an overview of studies using hPSC-EVs, focusing on identifying the conditions in which the cells are cultivated for the isolation of EVs, how they are characterized, and applications already demonstrated. The topics reported in this article highlight the incipient status of the studies in the field and the significance of hPSC-EVs’ prospective applications as PSC-derived cell-free therapy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Moises de Matos
- Stem Cells Basic Biology Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Institute, Curitiba 81350010, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Alejandro Correa
- Stem Cells Basic Biology Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Institute, Curitiba 81350010, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Anny Waloski Robert
- Stem Cells Basic Biology Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Institute, Curitiba 81350010, Paraná, Brazil
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4
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The Exciting Realities and Possibilities of iPS-Derived Cardiomyocytes. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10020237. [PMID: 36829731 PMCID: PMC9952364 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10020237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have become a prevalent topic after their discovery, advertised as an ethical alternative to embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Due to their ability to differentiate into several kinds of cells, including cardiomyocytes, researchers quickly realized the potential for differentiated cardiomyocytes to be used in the treatment of heart failure, a research area with few alternatives. This paper discusses the differentiation process for human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes and the possible applications of said cells while answering some questions regarding ethical issues.
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5
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Whye D, Wood D, Saber WA, Norabuena EM, Makhortova NR, Sahin M, Buttermore ED. A Robust Pipeline for the Multi-Stage Accelerated Differentiation of Functional 3D Cortical Organoids from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Curr Protoc 2023; 3:e641. [PMID: 36633423 PMCID: PMC9839317 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Disordered cellular development, abnormal neuroanatomical formations, and dysfunction of neuronal circuitry are among the pathological manifestations of cortical regions in the brain that are often implicated in complex neurodevelopmental disorders. With the advancement of stem cell methodologies such as cerebral organoid generation, it is possible to study these processes in vitro using 3D cellular platforms that mirror key developmental stages occurring throughout embryonic neurogenesis. Patterning-based stem cell models of directed neuronal development offer one approach to accomplish this, but these protocols often require protracted periods of cell culture to generate diverse cell types and current methods are plagued by a lack of specificity, reproducibility, and temporal control over cell derivation. Although ectopic expression of transcription factors offers another avenue to rapidly generate neurons, this process of direct lineage conversion bypasses critical junctures of neurodevelopment during which disease-relevant manifestations may occur. Here, we present a directed differentiation approach for generating human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived cortical organoids with accelerated lineage specification to generate functionally mature cortical neurons in a shorter timeline than previously established protocols. This novel protocol provides precise guidance for the specification of neuronal cell type identity as well as temporal control over the pace at which cortical lineage trajectories are established. Furthermore, we present assays that can be used as tools to interrogate stage-specific developmental signaling mechanisms. By recapitulating major components of embryonic neurogenesis, this protocol allows for improved in vitro modeling of cortical development while providing a platform that can be utilized to uncover disease-specific mechanisms of disordered development at various stages across the differentiation timeline. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: 3D hPSC neural induction Support Protocol 1: Neural rosette formation assay Support Protocol 2: Neurosphere generation Support Protocol 3: Enzymatic dissociation, NSC expansion, and cryopreservation Basic Protocol 2: 3D neural progenitor expansion Basic Protocol 3: 3D accelerated cortical lineage patterning and terminal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dosh Whye
- Human Neuron Core, Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Department, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Delaney Wood
- Human Neuron Core, Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Department, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Wardiya Afshar Saber
- Human Neuron Core, Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Department, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Erika M. Norabuena
- Human Neuron Core, Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Department, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Nina R. Makhortova
- Human Neuron Core, Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Department, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Mustafa Sahin
- Human Neuron Core, Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Department, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Elizabeth D. Buttermore
- Human Neuron Core, Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Department, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
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6
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CAR-NK as a Rapidly Developed and Efficient Immunotherapeutic Strategy against Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010117. [PMID: 36612114 PMCID: PMC9817948 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T cell therapy has been rapidly developing in recent years, ultimately revolutionizing immunotherapeutic strategies and providing significant anti-tumor potency, mainly in treating hematological neoplasms. However, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and other adverse effects, such as cytokine release syndromes (CRS) and neurotoxicity associated with CAR-T cell infusion, have raised some concerns about the broad application of this therapy. Natural killer (NK) cells have been identified as promising alternative platforms for CAR-based therapies because of their unique features, such as a lack of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matching restriction, superior safety, and better anti-tumor activity when compared with CAR-T cells. The lack of CRS, neurotoxicity, or GVHD, in the case of CAR-NK therapy, in addition to the possibility of using allogeneic NK cells as a CAR platform for "off-the-shelf" therapy, opens new windows for strategic opportunities. This review underlines recent design achievements in CAR constructs and summarizes preclinical studies' results regarding CAR-NK therapies' safety and anti-tumor potency. Additionally, new approaches in CAR-NK technology are briefly described, and currently registered clinical trials are listed.
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7
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Carvalho MS, Nogueira DE, Cabral JM, Rodrigues CA. Neural progenitor cell-derived extracellular matrix as a new platform for neural differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells. BIOMATERIALS AND BIOSYSTEMS 2022; 8:100070. [PMID: 36824374 PMCID: PMC9934470 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbiosy.2022.100070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The culture microenvironment has been demonstrated to regulate stem cell fate and to be a crucial aspect for quality-controlled stem cell maintenance and differentiation to a specific lineage. In this context, extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins are particularly important to mediate the interactions between the cells and the culture substrate. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are usually cultured as anchorage-dependent cells and require adhesion to an ECM substrate to support their survival and proliferation in vitro. Matrigel, a common substrate for hiPSC culture is a complex and undefined mixture of ECM proteins which are expensive and not well suited to clinical application. Decellularized cell-derived ECM has been shown to be a promising alternative to the common protein coatings used in stem cell culture. However, very few studies have used this approach as a niche for neural differentiation of hiPSCs. Here, we developed a new stem cell culture system based on decellularized cell-derived ECM from neural progenitor cells (NPCs) for expansion and neural differentiation of hiPSCs, as an alternative to Matrigel and poly-l-ornithine/laminin-coated well plates. Interestingly, hiPSCs were able to grow and maintain their pluripotency when cultured on decellularized ECM from NPCs (NPC ECM). Furthermore, NPC ECM enhanced the neural differentiation of hiPSCs compared to poly-l-ornithine/laminin-coated wells, which are used in most neural differentiation protocols, presenting a statistically significant enhancement of neural gene expression markers, such as βIII-Tubulin and MAP2. Taken together, our results demonstrate that NPC ECM provides a functional microenvironment, mimicking the neural niche, which may have interesting future applications for the development of new strategies in neural stem cell research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta S. Carvalho
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB, Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal,Associate Laboratory i4HB – Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal,Corresponding author.
| | - Diogo E.S. Nogueira
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB, Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal,Associate Laboratory i4HB – Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joaquim M.S. Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB, Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal,Associate Laboratory i4HB – Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carlos A.V. Rodrigues
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB, Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal,Associate Laboratory i4HB – Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
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8
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Lu V, Doan MT, Roy IJ, Torres A, Teitell MA. Protocol for germ lineage differentiation of primed human pluripotent stem cells using chemically defined, nutrient-balanced media. STAR Protoc 2022; 3:101568. [PMID: 35880122 PMCID: PMC9307681 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolism regulates cell fates during early mammalian cell differentiation. This protocol describes the steps for directed differentiation of primed human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into the three primary germ lineages-ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm-using a chemically defined nutrient-balanced media formulation. Although the transient removal and addition of specific nutrients does not occur in vivo during embryonic development, manipulation of nutrients in vitro provides an accessible method for evaluating how extracellular and intracellular metabolites help determine hPSC fate. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Lu et al. (2019) and Lu et al. (2022).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Lu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mary T Doan
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Irena J Roy
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Alejandro Torres
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Michael A Teitell
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Bioengineering, California NanoSystems Institute, and Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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9
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Xiao L, Zhu J, Liu Z, Wu B, Zhou X, Wei Y, Sun F, Wang Z, Quan S, Li Q, Wang J, Huang L, Ma Y. Different transcriptional profiles of human embryonic stem cells grown in a feeder-free culture system and on human foreskin fibroblast feeder layers. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:7443-7454. [PMID: 36103219 PMCID: PMC9550256 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Feeder cells provide an optimal microenvironment for the propagation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) by supplying currently known or unknown factors. However, the hESCs grown on feeder cells are not suitable for the purpose of clinical application because of the risk of contamination. In recent years, the feeder-free culture method has been developed to eliminate contamination, but some studies show that hESCs exhibit poor growth patterns in a feeder-free culture system. Regarding this phenomenon, we speculate that some genes related to hESC propagation were differently expressed in hESCs grown on feeder cells. To test this hypothesis, 3 hESC lines (NF4, NF5 and P096) were efficiently expanded in a feeder-free culture system or on human foreskin fibroblast (HFF) cells. The different gene expression patterns of hESCs in these 2 conditions were analyzed through microarrays. The results revealed that the hESCs cultured in both conditions maintained the expression of stemness markers and the ability to spontaneously differentiate into the 3 germ layers. The analysis of gene expression profiles revealed that 23 lncRNA and 15 genes were significantly differentially expressed in these two culture conditions. Furthermore, GO analyses showed that these genes were involved in such biological processes as growth factor stimuli, cell growth, and stem cell maintenance. To summarize, our study demonstrated that the hESCs grown on the HFF showed different gene expression patterns compared to those grown in a feeder-free culture system, suggesting that these differently expressed lncRNAs and genes played important roles in maintaining hESC propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Xiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Juan Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Reproductive Medicine and Genetic Research, Reproductive Medical Center, Hainan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Thalassemia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570102, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570102, Hainan, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- College of Medical Laboratory Science, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China
| | - Bangyong Wu
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Reproductive Medicine and Genetic Research, Reproductive Medical Center, Hainan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Thalassemia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570102, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570102, Hainan, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanxing Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Fei Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhijian Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Song Quan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Qi Li
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Reproductive Medicine and Genetic Research, Reproductive Medical Center, Hainan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Thalassemia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570102, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570102, Hainan, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Center for Molecular Development and Disease, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Liping Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanlin Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Reproductive Medicine and Genetic Research, Reproductive Medical Center, Hainan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Thalassemia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570102, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570102, Hainan, China
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10
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Rahmatnejad V, Tolosa M, Ge X, Rao G. A novel approach to noninvasive monitoring of dissolved carbon dioxide in small-scale cell culture processes. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:968294. [PMID: 36147535 PMCID: PMC9485895 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.968294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Disposable small-scale vessels are commonly used in cell culture studies in academia as well as early stages of bioprocess development. These types of research are crucial for our understanding about cells and bioprocesses as they provide important information regarding different parameters affecting cells. Dissolved carbon dioxide (DCO2) is one main parameter affecting cell metabolism. It is also an indicator of cell culture well-being. Despite CO2 being a critical process parameter, there is a lack of appropriate monitoring system for CO2 in small-scale vessels. Here, we present a membrane-based noninvasive method for measuring DCO2 in cell culture medium. The idea was achieved by modifying a T-flask and replacing a small area of it with CO2 permeable silicone membrane. In the proposed method, the concentration of CO2 dissolved in the cell culture medium is determined by measuring the initial diffusion rate of CO2 through a silicone membrane attached to the bottom wall of the T-flask. The measurement method was validated previously, and the efficacy of the noninvasive method was evaluated by growing E.coli, Pichia pastoris, and CHO cells in the proposed prototype. The results obtained from this method were verified with other quantitative data obtained from the process such as optical density (OD), cell density, dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH. The results show that the proposed membrane-based method is an effective way for completely noninvasive monitoring of DCO2 in small-scale cell culture processes. Additional diffusing species such as oxygen could also be measured using the same approach.
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11
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Liu Y, Bertels S, Reischl M, Peravali R, Bastmeyer M, Popova AA, Levkin PA. Droplet Microarray Based Screening Identifies Proteins for Maintaining Pluripotency of hiPSCs. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2200718. [PMID: 35799451 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202200718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are crucial for disease modeling, drug discovery, and personalized medicine. Animal-derived materials hinderapplications of hiPSCs in medical fields. Thus, novel and well-defined substrate coatings capable of maintaining hiPSC pluripotency are important for advancing biomedical applications of hiPSCs. Here a miniaturized droplet microarray (DMA) platform to investigate 11 well-defined proteins, their 55 binary and 165 ternary combinations for their ability to maintainpluripotency of hiPSCs when applied as a surface coating, is used. Using this screening approach, ten protein group coatings are identified, which promote significantly higher NANOG expression of hiPSCs in comparison with Matrigel coating. With two of the identified coatings, long-term pluripotency maintenance of hiPSCs and subsequent differentiation into three germ layers are achieved. Compared with conventional high-throughput screening (HTS) in 96-well plates, the DMA platform uses only 83 µL of protein solution (0.83 µg total protein) and only ≈2.8 × 105 cells, decreasing the amount of proteins and cells ≈860 and 25-fold, respectively. The identified proteins will be essential for research and applications using hiPSCs, while the DMA platform demonstrates great potential for miniaturized HTS of scarce cells or expensive materials such as recombinant proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxi Liu
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems - Functional Molecular Systems, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Sarah Bertels
- Zoological Institute, Cell- and Neurobiology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Markus Reischl
- Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Ravindra Peravali
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems - Biological Information Processing, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Martin Bastmeyer
- Zoological Institute, Cell- and Neurobiology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems - Biological Information Processing, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Anna A Popova
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems - Functional Molecular Systems, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Pavel A Levkin
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems - Functional Molecular Systems, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstraße 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
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12
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Poliwoda S, Noor N, Downs E, Schaaf A, Cantwell A, Ganti L, Kaye AD, Mosel LI, Carroll CB, Viswanath O, Urits I. Stem cells: a comprehensive review of origins and emerging clinical roles in medical practice. Orthop Rev (Pavia) 2022; 14:37498. [PMID: 36034728 PMCID: PMC9404248 DOI: 10.52965/001c.37498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are types of cells that have unique ability to self-renew and to differentiate into more than one cell lineage. They are considered building blocks of tissues and organs. Over recent decades, they have been studied and utilized for repair and regenerative medicine. One way to classify these cells is based on their differentiation capacity. Totipotent stem cells can give rise to any cell of an embryo but also to extra-embryonic tissue as well. Pluripotent stem cells are limited to any of the three embryonic germ layers; however, they cannot differentiate into extra-embryonic tissue. Multipotent stem cells can only differentiate into one germ line tissue. Oligopotent and unipotent stem cells are seen in adult organ tissues that have committed to a cell lineage. Another way to differentiate these cells is based on their origins. Stem cells can be extracted from different sources, including bone marrow, amniotic cells, adipose tissue, umbilical cord, and placental tissue. Stem cells began their role in modern regenerative medicine in the 1950's with the first bone marrow transplantation occurring in 1956. Stem cell therapies are at present indicated for a range of clinical conditions beyond traditional origins to treat genetic blood diseases and have seen substantial success. In this regard, emerging use for stem cells is their potential to treat pain states and neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. Stem cells offer hope in neurodegeneration to replace neurons damaged during certain disease states. This review compares stem cells arising from these different sources of origin and include clinical roles for stem cells in modern medical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nazir Noor
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mount Sinai Medical Center
| | - Evan Downs
- LSU Health Science Center Shreveport School of Medicine, Shreveport, LA
| | - Amanda Schaaf
- University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ
| | | | - Latha Ganti
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Central Florida
| | - Alan D Kaye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport
| | - Luke I Mosel
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport
| | - Caroline B Carroll
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport
| | - Omar Viswanath
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Innovative Pain and Wellness, Creighton University School of Medicine
| | - Ivan Urits
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport
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13
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Yang S, Liu Z, Wu S, Zou L, Cao Y, Xu H, Huang J, Tian Q, Wu F, Li P, Peng S, Shuai C. Meiosis resumption in human primordial germ cells from induced pluripotent stem cells by in vitro activation and reconstruction of ovarian nests. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:339. [PMID: 35883163 PMCID: PMC9327357 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03019-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into oocytes, which involves the transformation from mitosis to meiosis, has been a hotspot of biological research for many years and represents a desirable experimental model and potential strategy for treating infertility. At present, studies have shown that most cells stagnate in the oogonium stage after differentiation into primordial germ cells (PGCs) from human iPSCs. Methods iPSCs carrying a SYCP3-mkate2 knock-in reporter were generated by the CRISPR/Cas9 strategy to monitor meiosis status during induced differentiation from iPSCs into oocytes. These induced PGCs/oogonia were activated by small molecules from the Wnt signaling pathway and then cocultured with reconstructed human ovarian nests in vivo for further development. Results First, human PGCs and oogonia were efficiently induced from iPSCs. Second, induced dormant PGCs resumed meiosis and then differentiated into primary oocytes through the in vitro activation of the Wnt signaling pathway. Finally, a new coculture system involving the reconstruction of ovarian nests in vitro could facilitate the differentiation of oocytes. Conclusions Human PGCs/oogonia induced from iPSCs can be activated and used to resume meiosis by molecules of the Wnt signaling pathway. The coculture of activated PGCs and reconstruction of ovarian nests facilitated differentiation into primary oocytes and the generation of haploid human oocytes in vivo. These findings established a new strategy for germline competence in primary oocytes and provided a keystone for human gametogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-03019-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yang
- The Reproduction Medical Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518001, Guangdong, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, 518053, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhen Liu
- The Reproduction Medical Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518001, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengda Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, 518053, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Additive Manufacturing, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Nanchang, 330013, People's Republic of China
| | - Lang Zou
- The Reproduction Medical Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518001, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanpei Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, 518053, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjia Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, 518053, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingfeng Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, 518053, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyan Tian
- The Reproduction Medical Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518001, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanggui Wu
- The Reproduction Medical Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518001, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Panpan Li
- The Reproduction Medical Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518001, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuping Peng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, People's Republic of China.
| | - Cijun Shuai
- Institute of Additive Manufacturing, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Nanchang, 330013, People's Republic of China. .,State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Complex Manufacturing, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Alnasser SM. Stem cell challenge in cancer progression, oncology and therapy. Gene X 2022; 840:146748. [PMID: 35868413 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapy consisted in the use of cells to treat damaged tissue, especially in cancer cases. Several cancer treatment techniques are developed today. However, the effectiveness of the treatments as well as the results remain too limited. We will discuss in this work the main advantages of the use of several categories of cells in the treatment of various cancerous diseases. The analysis of the obtained results related to cell therapy across the world over a period of twenty years can help to orient the researchers to the objectives in a more relevant and more reliable manner. The complex challenges of funded cancer care are discussed to provide a clear perspective on the future of administration and current treatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulaiman Mohammed Alnasser
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia.
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15
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Tudureanu R, Handrea-Dragan IM, Boca S, Botiz I. Insight and Recent Advances into the Role of Topography on the Cell Differentiation and Proliferation on Biopolymeric Surfaces. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147731. [PMID: 35887079 PMCID: PMC9315624 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known that surface topography plays an important role in cell behavior, including adhesion, migration, orientation, elongation, proliferation and differentiation. Studying these cell functions is essential in order to better understand and control specific characteristics of the cells and thus to enhance their potential in various biomedical applications. This review proposes to investigate the extent to which various surface relief patterns, imprinted in biopolymer films or in polymeric films coated with biopolymers, by utilizing specific lithographic techniques, influence cell behavior and development. We aim to understand how characteristics such as shape, dimension or chemical functionality of surface relief patterns alter the orientation and elongation of cells, and thus, finally make their mark on the cell proliferation and differentiation. We infer that such an insight is a prerequisite for pushing forward the comprehension of the methodologies and technologies used in tissue engineering applications and products, including skin or bone implants and wound or fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca Tudureanu
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.T.); (I.M.H.-D.); (S.B.)
- Faculty of Physics, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Iuliana M. Handrea-Dragan
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.T.); (I.M.H.-D.); (S.B.)
- Faculty of Physics, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sanda Boca
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.T.); (I.M.H.-D.); (S.B.)
| | - Ioan Botiz
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.T.); (I.M.H.-D.); (S.B.)
- Correspondence:
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16
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Hua Y, Yoshimochi K, Li J, Takekita K, Shimotsuma M, Li L, Qu X, Zhang J, Sawa Y, Liu L, Miyagawa S. Development and evaluation of a novel xeno-free culture medium for human-induced pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:223. [PMID: 35658933 PMCID: PMC9166585 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02879-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are considered an ideal resource for regenerative medicine because of their ease of access and infinite expansion ability. To satisfy the sizable requirement for clinical applications of hiPSCs, large-scale, expansion-oriented, xeno-free, and cost-effective media are critical. Although several xeno-free media for hiPSCs have been generated over the past decades, few of them are suitable for scalable expansion of cultured hiPSCs because of their modest potential for proliferation and high cost. METHODS In this study, we developed a xeno-free ON2/AscleStem PSC medium (ON2) and cultured 253G1 hiPSCs on different matrices, including iMatrix-511 and gelatin nanofiber (GNF) in ON2. Over 20 passages, we evaluated cell proliferation by doubling times; pluripotency by flow cytometry, immunofluorescence staining and qRT-PCR; and differentiation ability by three germ layer differentiation in vitro and teratoma formation in severe combined immunodeficiency mice, followed by histological analysis. In addition, we compared the maintenance effect of ON2 on hiPSCs with StemFit® AK02 (AK02N) and Essential 8™ (E8). Besides 253G1 hiPSCs, we cultivated different hiPSC lines, including Ff-l01 hiPSCs, ATCC® ACS-1020™ hiPSCs, and Down's syndrome patient-specific ATCC® ACS-1003™ hiPSCs in ON2. RESULTS We found that 253G1 hiPSCs in ON2 demonstrated normal morphology and karyotype and high self-renewal and differentiation abilities on the tested matrices for over 20 passages. Moreover, 253G1 hiPSCs kept on GNF showed higher growth and stemness, as verified by the shorter doubling time and higher expression levels of pluripotent markers. Compared to AK02N and E8 media, 253G1 hiPSCs grown in ON2 showed higher pluripotency, as demonstrated by the increased expression level of pluripotent factors. In addition, all hiPSC lines cultivated in ON2 were able to grow for at least 10 passages with compact clonal morphology and were positive for all detected pluripotent markers. CONCLUSIONS Our xeno-free ON2 was compatible with various matrices and ideal for long-term expansion and maintenance of not only healthy-derived hiPSCs but also patient-specific hiPSCs. This highly efficient medium enabled the rapid expansion of hiPSCs in a reliable and cost-effective manner and could act as a promising tool for disease modeling and large-scale production for regenerative medicine in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Hua
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kenji Yoshimochi
- NACALAI TESQUE, INC. Research and Development Department, Kyoto, 604-0855, Japan
| | - Junjun Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Design for Tissue Regeneration, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Takekita
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Motoshi Shimotsuma
- NACALAI TESQUE, INC. Research and Development Department, Kyoto, 604-0855, Japan
| | - Lingjun Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Xiang Qu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jingbo Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | | | - Li Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. .,Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Design for Tissue Regeneration, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Shigeru Miyagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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17
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Development of an efficient single-cell cloning and expansion strategy for genome edited induced pluripotent stem cells. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:7887-7898. [PMID: 35637316 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07621-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disease-specific human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) can be generated directly from individuals with known disease characteristics or alternatively be modified using genome editing approaches to introduce disease causing genetic mutations to study the biological response of those mutations. The genome editing procedure in hiPSCs is still inefficient, particularly when it comes to homology directed repair (HDR) of genetic mutations or targeted transgene insertion in the genome and single cell cloning of edited cells. In addition, genome editing processes also involve additional cellular stresses such as poor cell viability and genetic stability of hiPSCs. Therefore, efficient workflows are desired to increase genome editing application to hiPSC disease models and therapeutic applications. METHODS AND RESULTS To this end, we demonstrate an efficient workflow for feeder-free single cell clone generation and expansion in both CRISPR-mediated knock-out (KO) and knock-in (KI) hiPSC lines. Using StemFlex medium and CloneR supplement in conjunction with Matrigel cell culture matrix, we show that cell viability and expansion during single-cell cloning in edited and unedited cells is significantly enhanced. Keeping all factors into account, we have successfully achieved hiPSC single-cell survival and cloning in both edited and unedited cells with rates as maximum as 70% in less than 2 weeks. CONCLUSION This simplified and efficient workflow will allow for a new level of sophistication in generating hiPSC-based disease models to promote rapid advancement in basic research and also the development of novel cellular therapeutics.
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18
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Dehghan S, Mirshahi R, Shoae-Hassani A, Naseripour M. Human-induced pluripotent stem cells-derived retinal pigmented epithelium, a new horizon for cells-based therapies for age-related macular degeneration. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:217. [PMID: 35619143 PMCID: PMC9137077 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02894-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) degeneration is the hallmark of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). AMD, as one of the most common causes of irreversible visual impairment worldwide, remains in need of an appropriate approach to restore retinal function. Wet AMD, which is characterized by neovascular formation, can be stabilized by currently available therapies, including laser photocoagulation, photodynamic therapy, and intraocular injections of anti-VEFG (anti-vascular endothelial growth factor) therapy or a combination of these modalities. Unlike wet AMD, there is no effective therapy for progressive dry (non-neovascular) AMD. However, stem cell-based therapies, a part of regenerative medicine, have shown promising results for retinal degenerative diseases such as AMD. The goal of RPE cell therapy is to return the normal structure and function of the retina by re-establishing its interaction with photoreceptors, which is essential to vision. Considering the limited source of naturally occurring RPE cells, recent progress in stem cell research has allowed the generation of RPE cells from human pluripotent cells, both embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). Since iPSCs face neither ethical arguments nor significant immunological considerations when compared to ESCs, they open a new horizon for cell therapy of AMD. The current study aims to discuss AMD, review the protocols for making human iPSCs-derived RPEs, and summarize recent developments in the field of iPSC-derived RPEs cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Dehghan
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Eye Research Center, The Five Senses Health Institute, Rassoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Mirshahi
- Eye Research Center, The Five Senses Health Institute, Rassoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Shoae-Hassani
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masood Naseripour
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Eye Research Center, The Five Senses Health Institute, Rassoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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19
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Holtzer L, Wesseling-Rozendaal Y, Verhaegh W, van de Stolpe A. Measurement of activity of developmental signal transduction pathways to quantify stem cell pluripotency and phenotypically characterize differentiated cells. Stem Cell Res 2022; 61:102748. [PMID: 35325817 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2022.102748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Important challenges in stem cell research and regenerative medicine are reliable assessment of pluripotency state and purity of differentiated cell populations. Pluripotency and differentiation are regulated and determined by activity of developmental signal transduction pathways (STPs). To date activity of these STPs could not be directly measured on a cell sample. Here we validate a novel assay platform for measurement of activity of developmental STPs (STP) for use in stem cells and stem cell derivatives. In addition to previously developed STP assays, we report development of an additional STP assay for the MAPK-AP1 pathway. Subsequently, activity of Notch, Hedgehog, TGFβ, Wnt, PI3K, MAPK-AP1, and NFκB signaling pathways was calculated from Affymetrix transcriptome data of human pluripotent embryonic (hES) and iPS cell lines under different culture conditions, organ-derived multipotent stem cells, and differentiated cell types, to generate quantitative STP activity profiles. Results show that the STP assay technology enables reliable and quantitative measurement of multiple STP activities simultaneously on any individual cell sample. Using the technology, we found that culture conditions dominantly influence the pluripotent stem cell STP activity profile, while the origin of the stem cell line was a minor variable. A pluripotency STP activity profile (Pluripotency qPAP) was defined (active PI3K, MAPK, Hedgehog, Notch, TGFβ, and NFκB pathway, inactive Wnt pathway). Differentiation of hES cells to intestinal progenitor cells resulted in an STP activity profile characterized by active PI3K, Wnt and Notch pathways, comparable to the STP activity profile measured on primary intestinal crypt stem cells. Quantitative STP activity measurement is expected to improve experimental reproducibility and standardization of pluripotent and multipotent stem cell culture/differentiation, and enable controlled manipulation of pluripotency/differentiation state using pathway targeting compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Holtzer
- Molecular Pathway Diagnostics, Philips, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Wim Verhaegh
- Molecular Pathway Diagnostics, Philips, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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20
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Evenbratt H, Andreasson L, Bicknell V, Brittberg M, Mobini R, Simonsson S. Insights into the present and future of cartilage regeneration and joint repair. CELL REGENERATION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 11:3. [PMID: 35106664 PMCID: PMC8807792 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-021-00104-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Knee osteoarthritis is the most common joint disease. It causes pain and suffering for affected patients and is the source of major economic costs for healthcare systems. Despite ongoing research, there is a lack of knowledge regarding disease mechanisms, biomarkers, and possible cures. Current treatments do not fulfill patients' long-term needs, and it often requires invasive surgical procedures with subsequent long periods of rehabilitation. Researchers and companies worldwide are working to find a suitable cell source to engineer or regenerate a functional and healthy articular cartilage tissue to implant in the damaged area. Potential cell sources to accomplish this goal include embryonic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, or induced pluripotent stem cells. The differentiation of stem cells into different tissue types is complex, and a suitable concentration range of specific growth factors is vital. The cellular microenvironment during early embryonic development provides crucial information regarding concentrations of signaling molecules and morphogen gradients as these are essential inducers for tissue development. Thus, morphogen gradients implemented in developmental protocols aimed to engineer functional cartilage tissue can potentially generate cells comparable to those within native cartilage. In this review, we have summarized the problems with current treatments, potential cell sources for cell therapy, reviewed the progress of new treatments within the regenerative cartilage field, and highlighted the importance of cell quality, characterization assays, and chemically defined protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - L. Andreasson
- Cline Scientific AB, SE-431 53 Mölndal, Sweden
- Institute of Biomedicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - V. Bicknell
- Cline Scientific AB, SE-431 53 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - M. Brittberg
- Cartilage Research Unit, University of Gothenburg, Region Halland Orthopaedics, Kungsbacka Hospital, S-434 80 Kungsbacka, Sweden
| | - R. Mobini
- Cline Scientific AB, SE-431 53 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - S. Simonsson
- Institute of Biomedicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
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21
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Isaja L, Ferriol-Laffouillere SL, Mucci S, Rodríguez-Varela MS, Romorini L. Embryoid Bodies-Based Multilineage Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells Grown on Feeder-Free Conditions. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2520:189-198. [PMID: 34611823 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2021_440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) can differentiate into any cell lineage (pluripotency potential) derived from the three germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. Pluripotency is usually demonstrated in vitro by spontaneous differentiation of hESCs grown on a monolayer of feeder-cells using an embryoid bodies (EBs)-based method. However, currently hESCs are grown mostly using fully defined media in the absence of a feeder layer. Here we describe a EBs-based protocol that allows multilineage differentiation of hESCs and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) grown on feeder-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Isaja
- Laboratorios de Investigación Aplicada en Neurociencias (LIAN-CONICET), Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia (Fleni), Belén de Escobar, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sofía Luján Ferriol-Laffouillere
- Laboratorios de Investigación Aplicada en Neurociencias (LIAN-CONICET), Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia (Fleni), Belén de Escobar, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sofía Mucci
- Laboratorios de Investigación Aplicada en Neurociencias (LIAN-CONICET), Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia (Fleni), Belén de Escobar, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Soledad Rodríguez-Varela
- Laboratorios de Investigación Aplicada en Neurociencias (LIAN-CONICET), Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia (Fleni), Belén de Escobar, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leonardo Romorini
- Laboratorios de Investigación Aplicada en Neurociencias (LIAN-CONICET), Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia (Fleni), Belén de Escobar, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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22
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Xie Y, Yao J, Jin W, Ren L, Li X. Induction and Maturation of Hepatocyte-Like Cells In Vitro: Focus on Technological Advances and Challenges. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:765980. [PMID: 34901010 PMCID: PMC8662991 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.765980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Limited by the poor proliferation and restricted sources of adult hepatocytes, there is an urgent need to find substitutes for proliferation and cultivation of mature hepatocytes in vitro for use in disease treatment, drug approval, and toxicity testing. Hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs), which originate from undifferentiated stem cells or modified adult cells, are considered good candidates because of their advantages in terms of cell source and in vitro expansion ability. However, the majority of induced HLCs are in an immature state, and their degree of differentiation is heterogeneous, diminishing their usability in basic research and limiting their clinical application. Therefore, various methods have been developed to promote the maturation of HLCs, including chemical approaches, alteration of cell culture systems, and genetic manipulation, to meet the needs of in vivo transplantation and in vitro model establishment. This review proposes different cell types for the induction of HLCs, and provide a comprehensive overview of various techniques to promote the generation and maturation of HLCs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Xie
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jia Yao
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Weilin Jin
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Institute of Cancer Neuroscience, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,The Medical Frontier Innovation Research Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Longfei Ren
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,The Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xun Li
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China.,The Medical Frontier Innovation Research Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,The Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Institute of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
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23
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Castro-Viñuelas R, Sanjurjo-Rodríguez C, Piñeiro-Ramil M, Rodríguez-Fernández S, López-Baltar I, Fuentes-Boquete I, Blanco FJ, Díaz-Prado S. Tips and tricks for successfully culturing and adapting human induced pluripotent stem cells. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2021; 23:569-581. [PMID: 34901305 PMCID: PMC8640166 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2021.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Reprogramming somatic cells toward pluripotency became possible over a decade ago. Since then, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have served as a versatile and powerful tool not only for basic research but also with the long-term goal of using them in human cell transplantation after differentiation. Nonetheless, downstream applications are frequently blurred by the difficulties that researchers have to face when working with iPSCs, such as trouble with clonal selection, in vitro culture and cryopreservation, adaptation to feeder-free conditions, or expansion of the cells. Therefore, in this article we aim to provide other researchers with practical and detailed information to successfully culture and adapt iPSCs. Specifically, we (1) describe the most common problems when in-vitro culturing iPSCs onto feeder cells as well as its possible troubleshooting, and (2) compare different matrices and culture media for adapting the iPSCs to feeder-free conditions. We believe that the troubleshooting and recommendations provided in this article can be of use to other researchers working with iPSCs and who may be experiencing similar issues, hopefully enhancing the appeal of this promising cell source to be used for biomedical investigations, such as tissue engineering or regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Castro-Viñuelas
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Group, Department of Physiotherapy, Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of A Coruña (UDC), 15006 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of A Coruña (INIBIC), University Hospital Complex A Coruña (CHUAC), Galician Health Service (SERGAS), 15006 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain.,Human Movement Biomechanics Group (HMBG), Tissue Homeostasis and Disease (THD) Lab, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center (SBE), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Agrupación estratégica CICA-INIBIC, University of A Coruña, 15008 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain
| | - Clara Sanjurjo-Rodríguez
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Group, Department of Physiotherapy, Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of A Coruña (UDC), 15006 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of A Coruña (INIBIC), University Hospital Complex A Coruña (CHUAC), Galician Health Service (SERGAS), 15006 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Agrupación estratégica CICA-INIBIC, University of A Coruña, 15008 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Piñeiro-Ramil
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Group, Department of Physiotherapy, Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of A Coruña (UDC), 15006 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of A Coruña (INIBIC), University Hospital Complex A Coruña (CHUAC), Galician Health Service (SERGAS), 15006 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Agrupación estratégica CICA-INIBIC, University of A Coruña, 15008 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain
| | - Silvia Rodríguez-Fernández
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Group, Department of Physiotherapy, Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of A Coruña (UDC), 15006 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of A Coruña (INIBIC), University Hospital Complex A Coruña (CHUAC), Galician Health Service (SERGAS), 15006 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Agrupación estratégica CICA-INIBIC, University of A Coruña, 15008 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain
| | - Isidoro López-Baltar
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular y Radiobiología, Centro Oncológico de Galicia, 15009 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Isaac Fuentes-Boquete
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Group, Department of Physiotherapy, Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of A Coruña (UDC), 15006 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of A Coruña (INIBIC), University Hospital Complex A Coruña (CHUAC), Galician Health Service (SERGAS), 15006 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Agrupación estratégica CICA-INIBIC, University of A Coruña, 15008 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain
| | - Francisco J Blanco
- Institute of Biomedical Research of A Coruña (INIBIC), University Hospital Complex A Coruña (CHUAC), Galician Health Service (SERGAS), 15006 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Agrupación estratégica CICA-INIBIC, University of A Coruña, 15008 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Tissular Bioengineering and Cell Therapy Unit (GBTTC-CHUAC), Rheumatology Group, 15006 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain
| | - Silvia Díaz-Prado
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Group, Department of Physiotherapy, Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of A Coruña (UDC), 15006 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of A Coruña (INIBIC), University Hospital Complex A Coruña (CHUAC), Galician Health Service (SERGAS), 15006 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Agrupación estratégica CICA-INIBIC, University of A Coruña, 15008 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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24
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Elorza Ridaura I, Sorrentino S, Moroni L. Parallels between the Developing Vascular and Neural Systems: Signaling Pathways and Future Perspectives for Regenerative Medicine. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2101837. [PMID: 34693660 PMCID: PMC8655224 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202101837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Neurovascular disorders, which involve the vascular and nervous systems, are common. Research on such disorders usually focuses on either vascular or nervous components, without looking at how they interact. Adopting a neurovascular perspective is essential to improve current treatments. Therefore, comparing molecular processes known to be involved in both systems separately can provide insight into promising areas of future research. Since development and regeneration share many mechanisms, comparing signaling molecules involved in both the developing vascular and nervous systems and shedding light to those that they have in common can reveal processes, which have not yet been studied from a regenerative perspective, yet hold great potential. Hence, this review discusses and compares processes involved in the development of the vascular and nervous systems, in order to provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms, which are most promising with regards to treatment for neurovascular disorders. Vascular endothelial growth factor, semaphorins, and ephrins are found to hold the most potential, while fibroblast growth factor, bone morphogenic protein, slits, and sonic hedgehog are shown to participate in both the developing vascular and nervous systems, yet have not been studied at the neurovascular level, therefore being of special interest for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idoia Elorza Ridaura
- Complex Tissue Regeneration DepartmentMERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative MedicineMaastricht UniversityUniversiteitssingel 40Maastricht6229ERThe Netherlands
| | - Stefano Sorrentino
- CNR Nanotec – Institute of NanotechnologyCampus Ecotekne, via MonteroniLecce73100Italy
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- Complex Tissue Regeneration DepartmentMERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative MedicineMaastricht UniversityUniversiteitssingel 40Maastricht6229ERThe Netherlands
- CNR Nanotec – Institute of NanotechnologyCampus Ecotekne, via MonteroniLecce73100Italy
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25
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Rivera-Ordaz A, Peli V, Manzini P, Barilani M, Lazzari L. Critical Analysis of cGMP Large-Scale Expansion Process in Bioreactors of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in the Framework of Quality by Design. BioDrugs 2021; 35:693-714. [PMID: 34727354 PMCID: PMC8561684 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-021-00503-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are manufactured as advanced therapy medicinal products for tissue replacement applications. With this aim, the feasibility of hiPSC large-scale expansion in existing bioreactor systems under current good manufacturing practices (cGMP) has been tested. Yet, these attempts have lacked a paradigm shift in culture settings and technologies tailored to hiPSCs, which jeopardizes their clinical translation. The best approach for industrial scale-up of high-quality hiPSCs is to design their manufacturing process by following quality-by-design (QbD) principles: a scientific, risk-based framework for process design based on relating product and process attributes to product quality. In this review, we analyzed the hiPSC expansion manufacturing process implementing the QbD approach in the use of bioreactors, stressing the decisive role played by the cell quantity, quality and costs, drawing key QbD concepts directly from the guidelines of the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araceli Rivera-Ordaz
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine-Cell Factory, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Peli
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine-Cell Factory, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Manzini
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine-Cell Factory, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Barilani
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine-Cell Factory, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy.
| | - Lorenza Lazzari
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine-Cell Factory, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
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26
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Brix N, Samaga D, Belka C, Zitzelsberger H, Lauber K. Analysis of clonogenic growth in vitro. Nat Protoc 2021; 16:4963-4991. [PMID: 34697469 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-021-00615-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The clonogenic assay measures the capacity of single cells to form colonies in vitro. It is widely used to identify and quantify self-renewing mammalian cells derived from in vitro cultures as well as from ex vivo tissue preparations of different origins. Varying research questions and the heterogeneous growth requirements of individual cell model systems led to the development of several assay principles and formats that differ with regard to their conceptual setup, 2D or 3D culture conditions, optional cytotoxic treatments and subsequent mathematical analysis. The protocol presented here is based on the initial clonogenic assay protocol as developed by Puck and Marcus more than 60 years ago. It updates and extends the 2006 Nature Protocols article by Franken et al. It discusses different strategies and principles to analyze clonogenic growth in vitro and presents the clonogenic assay in a modular protocol framework enabling a diversity of formats and measures to optimize determination of clonogenic growth parameters. We put particular focus on the phenomenon of cellular cooperation and consideration of how this can affect the mathematical analysis of survival data. This protocol is applicable to any mammalian cell model system from which single-cell suspensions can be prepared and which contains at least a small fraction of cells with self-renewing capacity in vitro. Depending on the cell system used, the entire procedure takes ~2-10 weeks, with a total hands-on time of <20 h per biological replicate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikko Brix
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Samaga
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group 'Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer', Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Claus Belka
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU München, Munich, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group 'Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer', Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site, Munich, Germany
| | - Horst Zitzelsberger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU München, Munich, Germany
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group 'Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer', Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kirsten Lauber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU München, Munich, Germany.
- Clinical Cooperation Group 'Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer', Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site, Munich, Germany.
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27
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Li Y, Luo NC, Zhang X, Hara T, Inadomi C, Li TS. Prolonged oxygen exposure causes the mobilization and functional damage of stem or progenitor cells and exacerbates cardiac ischemia or reperfusion injury in healthy mice. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:6657-6665. [PMID: 33554327 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen is often administered to patients and occasionally to healthy individuals as well; however, the cellular toxicity of oxygen, especially following prolonged exposure, is widely known. To evaluate the potential effect of oxygen exposure on circulating stem/progenitor cells and cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, we exposed healthy adult mice to 100% oxygen for 20 or 60 min. We then examined the c-kit-positive stem/progenitor cells and colony-forming cells and measured the cytokine/chemokine levels in peripheral blood. We also induced cardiac I/R injury in mice at 3 h after 60 min of oxygen exposure and examined the recruitment of inflammatory cells and the fibrotic area in the heart. The proportion of c-kit-positive stem/progenitor cells significantly increased in peripheral blood at 3 and 24 h after oxygen exposure for either 20 or 60 min (p < .01 vs. control). However, the abundance of colony-forming cells in peripheral blood conversely decreased at 3 and 24 h after oxygen exposure for only 60 min (p < .05 vs. control). Oxygen exposure for either 20 or 60 min resulted in significantly decreased plasma vascular endothelial growth factor levels at 3 h, whereas oxygen exposure for only 60 min reduced plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 levels at 24 h (p < .05 vs. control). Protein array indicated the increase in the levels of some cytokines/chemokines, such as CXCL6 (GCP-2) at 24 h after 60 min of oxygen exposure. Moreover, oxygen exposure for 60 min enhanced the recruitment of Ly6g- and CD11c-positive inflammatory cells at 3 days (p < .05 vs. control) and increased the fibrotic area at 14 days in the heart after I/R injury (p < .05 vs. control). Prolonged oxygen exposure induced the mobilization and functional impairment of stem/progenitor cells and likely enhanced inflammatory responses to exacerbate cardiac I/R injury in healthy mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Na-Chuan Luo
- School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hara
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Chiaki Inadomi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tao-Sheng Li
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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28
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Rivera T, Zhao Y, Ni Y, Wang J. Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Culture Methods Under cGMP Conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 54:e117. [PMID: 32649060 PMCID: PMC7507179 DOI: 10.1002/cpsc.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) revolutionized the approach to cell therapy in regenerative medicine. Reprogramming of somatic cells into an embryonic-like pluripotent state provides an invaluable resource of patient-specific cells of any lineage. Implementation of procedures and protocols adapted to current good manufacturing practice (cGMP) requirements is critical to ensure robust and consistent high-quality iPSC manufacturing. The technology developed at Allele Biotechnology for iPSC generation under cGMP conditions is a powerful platform for derivation of pluripotent stem cells through a footprint-free, feeder-free, and xeno-free reprogramming method. The cGMP process established by Allele Biotechnology entails fully cGMP compliant iPSC lines where the entire manufacturing process, from tissue collection, cell reprogramming, cell expansion, cell banking and quality control testing are adopted. Previously, we described in this series of publications how to create iPSCs using mRNA only, and how to do so under cGMP conditions. In this article, we describe in detail how to culture, examine and storage cGMP-iPSCs using reagents, materials and equipment compliant with cGMP standards. © 2020 The Authors. Basic Protocol 1: iPSC Dissociation Support Protocol 1: Stem cell media Support Protocol 2: ROCK inhibitor preparation Support Protocol 3: Vitronectin coating Basic Protocol 2: iPSC Cryopreservation Basic Protocol 3: iPSC Thawing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Rivera
- Allele Biotechnology and Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Diego, California
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- Allele Biotechnology and Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Diego, California
| | - Yuhui Ni
- Allele Biotechnology and Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Diego, California
| | - Jiwu Wang
- Allele Biotechnology and Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Diego, California
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29
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Yang L, Pijuan-Galito S, Rho HS, Vasilevich AS, Eren AD, Ge L, Habibović P, Alexander MR, de Boer J, Carlier A, van Rijn P, Zhou Q. High-Throughput Methods in the Discovery and Study of Biomaterials and Materiobiology. Chem Rev 2021; 121:4561-4677. [PMID: 33705116 PMCID: PMC8154331 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The complex interaction of cells with biomaterials (i.e., materiobiology) plays an increasingly pivotal role in the development of novel implants, biomedical devices, and tissue engineering scaffolds to treat diseases, aid in the restoration of bodily functions, construct healthy tissues, or regenerate diseased ones. However, the conventional approaches are incapable of screening the huge amount of potential material parameter combinations to identify the optimal cell responses and involve a combination of serendipity and many series of trial-and-error experiments. For advanced tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, highly efficient and complex bioanalysis platforms are expected to explore the complex interaction of cells with biomaterials using combinatorial approaches that offer desired complex microenvironments during healing, development, and homeostasis. In this review, we first introduce materiobiology and its high-throughput screening (HTS). Then we present an in-depth of the recent progress of 2D/3D HTS platforms (i.e., gradient and microarray) in the principle, preparation, screening for materiobiology, and combination with other advanced technologies. The Compendium for Biomaterial Transcriptomics and high content imaging, computational simulations, and their translation toward commercial and clinical uses are highlighted. In the final section, current challenges and future perspectives are discussed. High-throughput experimentation within the field of materiobiology enables the elucidation of the relationships between biomaterial properties and biological behavior and thereby serves as a potential tool for accelerating the development of high-performance biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Yang
- University
of Groningen, W. J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and
Materials Science, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sara Pijuan-Galito
- School
of Pharmacy, Biodiscovery Institute, University
of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Hoon Suk Rho
- Department
of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired
Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Aliaksei S. Vasilevich
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University
of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Aysegul Dede Eren
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University
of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Lu Ge
- University
of Groningen, W. J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and
Materials Science, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pamela Habibović
- Department
of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired
Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Morgan R. Alexander
- School
of Pharmacy, Boots Science Building, University
of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Jan de Boer
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University
of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Aurélie Carlier
- Department
of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired
Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick van Rijn
- University
of Groningen, W. J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and
Materials Science, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Qihui Zhou
- Institute
for Translational Medicine, Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated
Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao
University, Qingdao 266003, China
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30
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Yamoah MA, Thai PN, Zhang XD. Transgene Delivery to Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Nanoparticles. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:334. [PMID: 33917388 PMCID: PMC8067386 DOI: 10.3390/ph14040334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and hiPSCs-derived cells have the potential to revolutionize regenerative and precision medicine. Genetically reprograming somatic cells to generate hiPSCs and genetic modification of hiPSCs are considered the key procedures for the study and application of hiPSCs. However, there are significant technical challenges for transgene delivery into somatic cells and hiPSCs since these cells are known to be difficult to transfect. The existing methods, such as viral transduction and chemical transfection, may introduce significant alternations to hiPSC culture which affect the potency, purity, consistency, safety, and functional capacity of hiPSCs. Therefore, generation and genetic modification of hiPSCs through non-viral approaches are necessary and desirable. Nanotechnology has revolutionized fields from astrophysics to biology over the past two decades. Increasingly, nanoparticles have been used in biomedicine as powerful tools for transgene and drug delivery, imaging, diagnostics, and therapeutics. The most successful example is the recent development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines at warp speed to combat the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which brought nanoparticles to the center stage of biomedicine and demonstrated the efficient nanoparticle-mediated transgene delivery into human body. Nanoparticles have the potential to facilitate the transgene delivery into the hiPSCs and offer a simple and robust approach. Nanoparticle-mediated transgene delivery has significant advantages over other methods, such as high efficiency, low cytotoxicity, biodegradability, low cost, directional and distal controllability, efficient in vivo applications, and lack of immune responses. Our recent study using magnetic nanoparticles for transfection of hiPSCs provided an example of the successful applications, supporting the potential roles of nanoparticles in hiPSC biology. This review discusses the principle, applications, and significance of nanoparticles in the transgene delivery to hiPSCs and their successful application in the development of COVID-19 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A. Yamoah
- Department of Economics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3UQ, UK;
| | - Phung N. Thai
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA 95655, USA
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31
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Zahmatkesh E, Khoshdel-Rad N, Mirzaei H, Shpichka A, Timashev P, Mahmoudi T, Vosough M. Evolution of organoid technology: Lessons learnt in Co-Culture systems from developmental biology. Dev Biol 2021; 475:37-53. [PMID: 33684433 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the development of 3D organoids has opened new avenues of investigation into development, physiology, and regenerative medicine. Organoid formation and the process of organogenesis share common developmental pathways; thus, our knowledge of developmental biology can help model the complexity of different organs to refine organoids into a more sophisticated platform. The developmental process is strongly dependent on complex networks and communication of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions among different cell populations and their microenvironment, during embryogenesis. These interactions affect cell behaviors such as proliferation, survival, migration, and differentiation. Co-culture systems within the organoid technology were recently developed and provided the highly physiologically relevant systems. Supportive cells including various types of endothelial and stromal cells provide the proper microenvironment, facilitate organoid assembly, and improve vascularization and maturation of organoids. This review discusses the role of the co-culture systems in organoid generation, with a focus on how knowledge of developmental biology has directed and continues to shape the development of more evolved 3D co-culture system-derived organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ensieh Zahmatkesh
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Department of Regenrative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Khoshdel-Rad
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Department of Regenrative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Anastasia Shpichka
- World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Peter Timashev
- World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia; Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; Department of Polymers and Composites, N.N.Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Tokameh Mahmoudi
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Department of Regenrative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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32
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Wadkin LE, Orozco-Fuentes S, Neganova I, Lako M, Barrio RA, Baggaley AW, Parker NG, Shukurov A. OCT4 expression in human embryonic stem cells: spatio-temporal dynamics and fate transitions. Phys Biol 2021; 18:026003. [PMID: 33296887 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/abd22b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The improved in vitro regulation of human embryonic stem cell (hESC) pluripotency and differentiation trajectories is required for their promising clinical applications. The temporal and spatial quantification of the molecular interactions controlling pluripotency is also necessary for the development of successful mathematical and computational models. Here we use time-lapse experimental data of OCT4-mCherry fluorescence intensity to quantify the temporal and spatial dynamics of the pluripotency transcription factor OCT4 in a growing hESC colony in the presence and absence of BMP4. We characterise the internal self-regulation of OCT4 using the Hurst exponent and autocorrelation analysis, quantify the intra-cellular fluctuations and consider the diffusive nature of OCT4 evolution for individual cells and pairs of their descendants. We find that OCT4 abundance in the daughter cells fluctuates sub-diffusively, showing anti-persistent self-regulation. We obtain the stationary probability distributions governing hESC transitions amongst the different cell states and establish the times at which pro-fate cells (which later give rise to pluripotent or differentiated cells) cluster in the colony. By quantifying the similarities between the OCT4 expression amongst neighbouring cells, we show that hESCs express similar OCT4 to cells within their local neighbourhood within the first two days of the experiment and before BMP4 treatment. Our framework allows us to quantify the relevant properties of proliferating hESC colonies and the procedure is widely applicable to other transcription factors and cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Wadkin
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Gong Z, Xia K, Xu A, Yu C, Wang C, Zhu J, Huang X, Chen Q, Li F, Liang C. Stem Cell Transplantation: A Promising Therapy for Spinal Cord Injury. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 15:321-331. [PMID: 31441733 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x14666190823144424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) causes irreversible functional loss of the affected population. The incidence of SCI keeps increasing, resulting in huge burden on the society. The pathogenesis of SCI involves neuron death and exotic reaction, which could impede neuron regeneration. In clinic, the limited regenerative capacity of endogenous cells after SCI is a major problem. Recent studies have demonstrated that a variety of stem cells such as induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs), Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs), Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) and Neural Progenitor Cells (NPCs) /Neural Stem Cells (NSCs) have therapeutic potential for SCI. However, the efficacy and safety of these stem cellbased therapy for SCI remain controversial. In this review, we introduce the pathogenesis of SCI, summarize the current status of the application of these stem cells in SCI repair, and discuss possible mechanisms responsible for functional recovery of SCI after stem cell transplantation. Finally, we highlight several areas for further exploitation of stem cells as a promising regenerative therapy of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Gong
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jie Fang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jie Fang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Kaishun Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jie Fang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jie Fang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Ankai Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jie Fang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jie Fang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Chao Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jie Fang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jie Fang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Chenggui Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jie Fang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jie Fang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jie Fang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jie Fang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Xianpeng Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jie Fang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jie Fang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - QiXin Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jie Fang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jie Fang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Fangcai Li
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jie Fang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jie Fang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Chengzhen Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jie Fang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jie Fang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China
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Generation of nonviral integration-free human iPS cell line KISCOi001-A from normal human fibroblasts, under defined xeno-free and feeder-free conditions. Stem Cell Res 2021; 51:102193. [PMID: 33517122 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2021.102193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
KISCOi001-A is a healthy feeder-free and fully characterized human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell line cultured under xeno-free and defined conditions. The cell line is generated from normal human foreskin fibroblasts with non-integrating episomal plasmid vectors encoding OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, NANOG, LIN28, nontransforming L-MYC and dominant negative p53. The generated iPS cells are transgene-free and their pluripotency is confirmed by the expression of stem cell markers and capacity to differentiate into the cells of ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm while their identity and karyotype stability is confirmed with Genomic assays.
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35
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Suhito IR, Koo KM, Kim TH. Recent Advances in Electrochemical Sensors for the Detection of Biomolecules and Whole Cells. Biomedicines 2020; 9:15. [PMID: 33375330 PMCID: PMC7824644 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrochemical sensors are considered an auspicious tool to detect biomolecules (e.g., DNA, proteins, and lipids), which are valuable sources for the early diagnosis of diseases and disorders. Advances in electrochemical sensing platforms have enabled the development of a new type of biosensor, enabling label-free, non-destructive detection of viability, function, and the genetic signature of whole cells. Numerous studies have attempted to enhance both the sensitivity and selectivity of electrochemical sensors, which are the most critical parameters for assessing sensor performance. Various nanomaterials, including metal nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, graphene and its derivatives, and metal oxide nanoparticles, have been used to improve the electrical conductivity and electrocatalytic properties of working electrodes, increasing sensor sensitivity. Further modifications have been implemented to advance sensor platform selectivity and biocompatibility using biomaterials such as antibodies, aptamers, extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, and peptide composites. This paper summarizes recent electrochemical sensors designed to detect target biomolecules and animal cells (cancer cells and stem cells). We hope that this review will inspire researchers to increase their efforts to accelerate biosensor progress-enabling a prosperous future in regenerative medicine and the biomedical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Intan Rosalina Suhito
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (I.R.S.); (K.-M.K.)
| | - Kyeong-Mo Koo
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (I.R.S.); (K.-M.K.)
| | - Tae-Hyung Kim
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (I.R.S.); (K.-M.K.)
- Integrative Research Center for Two-Dimensional Functional Materials, Institute of Interdisciplinary Convergence Research, Chung Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
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36
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Vidal SE, Polyzos A, Chatterjee K, Ee LS, Swanzey E, Morales-Valencia J, Wang H, Parikh CN, Amlani B, Tu S, Gong Y, Snetkova V, Skok JA, Tsirigos A, Kim S, Apostolou E, Stadtfeld M. Context-Dependent Requirement of Euchromatic Histone Methyltransferase Activity during Reprogramming to Pluripotency. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 15:1233-1245. [PMID: 32976761 PMCID: PMC7724475 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylation of histone 3 at lysine 9 (H3K9) constitutes a roadblock for cellular reprogramming. Interference with methyltransferases or activation of demethylases by the cofactor ascorbic acid (AA) facilitates the derivation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), but possible interactions between specific methyltransferases and AA treatment remain insufficiently explored. We show that chemical inhibition of the methyltransferases EHMT1 and EHMT2 counteracts iPSC formation in an enhanced reprogramming system in the presence of AA, an effect that is dependent on EHMT1. EHMT inhibition during enhanced reprogramming is associated with rapid loss of H3K9 dimethylation, inefficient downregulation of somatic genes, and failed mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition. Furthermore, transient EHMT inhibition during reprogramming yields iPSCs that fail to efficiently give rise to viable mice upon blastocyst injection. Our observations establish novel functions of H3K9 methyltransferases and suggest that a functional balance between AA-stimulated enzymes and EHMTs supports efficient and less error-prone iPSC reprogramming to pluripotency. EHMT function during mouse cell reprogramming is modulated by ascorbic acid (AA) EHMT inhibition counteracts reprogramming in the presence of AA EHMT inhibition in the presence of AA results in global erasure of H3K9 dimethylation Cells reprogrammed in the presence of EHMT inhibitor are functionally impaired
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon E Vidal
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA; Helen L. and Martin S. Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA; Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA; Pharma Technical Development, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Alexander Polyzos
- Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Kaushiki Chatterjee
- Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Ly-Sha Ee
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA; Helen L. and Martin S. Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA; Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA; Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Emily Swanzey
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA; Helen L. and Martin S. Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA; Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA; The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Jorge Morales-Valencia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Hongsu Wang
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA; Helen L. and Martin S. Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Chaitanya N Parikh
- Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Bhishma Amlani
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA; Helen L. and Martin S. Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA; Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Shengjiang Tu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Yixiao Gong
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA; Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Valentina Snetkova
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jane A Skok
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Aristotelis Tsirigos
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA; Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA; Applied Bioinformatics Laboratories, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Sangyong Kim
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA; Office for Collaborative Science, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Effie Apostolou
- Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Matthias Stadtfeld
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA; Helen L. and Martin S. Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA; Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA; Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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37
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Rohani L, Borys BS, Razian G, Naghsh P, Liu S, Johnson AA, Machiraju P, Holland H, Lewis IA, Groves RA, Toms D, Gordon PMK, Li JW, So T, Dang T, Kallos MS, Rancourt DE. Stirred suspension bioreactors maintain naïve pluripotency of human pluripotent stem cells. Commun Biol 2020; 3:492. [PMID: 32895477 PMCID: PMC7476926 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01218-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their ability to standardize key physiological parameters, stirred suspension bioreactors can potentially scale the production of quality-controlled pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) for cell therapy application. Because of differences in bioreactor expansion efficiency between mouse (m) and human (h) PSCs, we investigated if conversion of hPSCs, from the conventional "primed" pluripotent state towards the "naïve" state prevalent in mPSCs, could be used to enhance hPSC production. Through transcriptomic enrichment of mechano-sensing signaling, the expression of epigenetic regulators, metabolomics, and cell-surface protein marker analyses, we show that the stirred suspension bioreactor environment helps maintain a naïve-like pluripotent state. Our research corroborates that converting hPSCs towards a naïve state enhances hPSC manufacturing and indicates a potentially important role for the stirred suspension bioreactor's mechanical environment in maintaining naïve-like pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leili Rohani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Breanna S Borys
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Golsa Razian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Pooyan Naghsh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Shiying Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Pranav Machiraju
- Department of Paediatrics and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Heidrun Holland
- Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ian A Lewis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ryan A Groves
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Derek Toms
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Paul M K Gordon
- CSM Center for Health Genomic and Informatics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Joyce W Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Tania So
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Tiffany Dang
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Michael S Kallos
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Derrick E Rancourt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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38
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Richardson T, Wiegand C, Adisa F, Ravikumar K, Candiello J, Kumta P, Banerjee I. Engineered peptide modified hydrogel platform for propagation of human pluripotent stem cells. Acta Biomater 2020; 113:228-239. [PMID: 32603868 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have enormous potential to alleviate cell needs for regenerative medicine, however these cells require expansion in cell colonies to maintain cell-cell contact, thus limiting the scalability needed to meet the demands of cell therapy. While the use of a Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor will allow for culture of single cell hPSCs, typically only 50% of cells are recovered after dissociation. When hPSCs lose cell-cell contact through E-cadherin, dissociation induced apoptosis occurs. In this study, we hypothesized that the extracellular E-cadherin domain of hPSCs will bind to synthetic E-cadherin peptides presented on a hydrogel substrate, mimicking the required cell-cell contact and thereby retaining single-cell viability and clonogenicity. Hence, the objective of this study was to functionalize alginate hydrogels with synthetic peptides mimicking E-cadherin and evaluate peptide performance in promoting cell attachment, viability, maintaining pluripotency, and differentiation potential. We observed that alginate conjugated with synthetic E-cadherin peptides not only supported initial cell attachment with high viability, but also supported hPSC propagation and high fold expansion. hPSCs propagated on the peptide modified substrates maintained the hPSC characteristic pluripotency and differentiation potential, characterized by both spontaneous and directed differentiation. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have enormous potential to alleviate cell needs for regenerative medicine and cell therapy. However, scalable culture of hPSCs is challenged by its need for maintenance of cell-cell contact, dissociation of which triggers the apoptotic pathway. Hence hPSCs are commonly maintained as colonies over Matrigel coated culture plates. Furthermore, use of xenogenic and undefined Matrigel compromises the translational potential of hPSCs. In this work we have developed a completely defined substrate to enable adherent culture of hPSCs as single cells. This substrate prevents apoptosis of the single cells and allows significant fold expansion of hPSCs while maintaining pluripotency and differentiation potential. The developed substrate is expected to be a cost-effective and translatable alternative to Matrigel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Richardson
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Connor Wiegand
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Fatimah Adisa
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, United States
| | - K Ravikumar
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Joe Candiello
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Prashant Kumta
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, United States; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, United States; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, United States
| | - Ipsita Banerjee
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, United States; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, United States; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, United States.
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39
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Andreasson L, Evenbratt H, Simonsson S. GDF5 induces TBX3 in a concentration dependent manner - on a gold nanoparticle gradient. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04133. [PMID: 32551383 PMCID: PMC7292926 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Organs and tissues, such as cartilage and limbs, are formed during development through an orchestration of growth factors that function as morphogens. Examples of growth factors include growth differentiation factor 5 (GDF5) and transforming growth factors beta 1 and 3 (TGFβ-1 and TGFβ-3) which can specify creation of more than one cell type after forming a concentration gradient in vivo. Here, we studied the impact of morphogen gradients during differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into the chondrocyte lineage. Cell budding zones, consisting of condensed cell aggregates, were observed only in gradients of GDF5. T-box transcription factor 3 (TBX3) was detected specifically in the budding zones (ranging from 500-1,500 particles/μm2) of nuclei and cell vesicles. A homogenous density of GDF5 of 900 particles/μm2 on a surface induced budding and expression of TBX3 after five days in iPSCs. Therefore, we conclude that a gradient of GDF5, as well as the specific homogenous density of GDF5, support the induction of TBX3 in iPCSs. Moreover, differentiation of iPSCs first on GDF5 gradient or homogenous surfaces for five days and then in a three-dimensional structure for five weeks resulted in pellets that expressed TBX3.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Andreasson
- Cline Scientific AB, Mölndal, SE-431 53, Sweden
- Institute of Biomedicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SE-413 45, Sweden
| | | | - S. Simonsson
- Institute of Biomedicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SE-413 45, Sweden
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40
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Fonoudi H, Lyra-Leite DM, Javed HA, Burridge PW. Generating a Cost-Effective, Weekend-Free Chemically Defined Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell (hiPSC) Culture Medium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 53:e110. [PMID: 32463953 DOI: 10.1002/cpsc.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We have previously developed a cost-effective chemically defined medium formula for weekend-free culture of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), costing ∼3% of the price of commercial medium. This medium, which we termed B8, is specifically optimized for robust and fast growth of hiPSCs and for a weekend-free medium change regimen. We demonstrated that this medium is suitable for reprogramming of somatic cells into hiPSCs and for differentiation into a variety of lineages. Here, we provide a protocol for simple generation of the most cost-effective variant of this medium, along with a protocol for making Matrigel-coated plates and culturing, passaging, cryopreserving, and thawing hiPSCs. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Preparation of a highly optimized, robust, and cost-effective human induced pluripotent stem cell culture medium Basic Protocol 2: Weekend-free maintenance and passaging of human induced pluripotent stem cells in B8 medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hananeh Fonoudi
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.,Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Davi M Lyra-Leite
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.,Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Hoor A Javed
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.,Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Paul W Burridge
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.,Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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41
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Borys BS, So T, Colter J, Dang T, Roberts EL, Revay T, Larijani L, Krawetz R, Lewis I, Argiropoulos B, Rancourt DE, Jung S, Hashimura Y, Lee B, Kallos MS. Optimized serial expansion of human induced pluripotent stem cells using low-density inoculation to generate clinically relevant quantities in vertical-wheel bioreactors. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 9:1036-1052. [PMID: 32445290 PMCID: PMC7445025 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have generated a great deal of attention owing to their capacity for self‐renewal and differentiation into the three germ layers of the body. Their discovery has facilitated a new era in biomedicine for understanding human development, drug screening, disease modeling, and cell therapy while reducing ethical issues and risks of immune rejection associated with traditional embryonic stem cells. Bioreactor‐based processes have been the method of choice for the efficient expansion and differentiation of stem cells in controlled environments. Current protocols for the expansion of hiPSCs use horizontal impeller, paddle, or rocking wave mixing method bioreactors which require large static cell culture starting populations and achieve only moderate cell fold increases. This study focused on optimizing inoculation, agitation, oxygen, and nutrient availability for the culture of hiPSCs as aggregates in single‐use, low‐shear, vertical‐wheel bioreactors. Under optimized conditions, we achieved an expansion of more than 30‐fold in 6 days using a small starting population of cells and minimal media resources throughout. Importantly, we showed that that this optimized bioreactor expansion protocol could be replicated over four serial passages resulting in a cumulative cell expansion of 1.06E6‐fold in 28 days. Cells from the final day of the serial passage were of high quality, maintaining a normal karyotype, pluripotent marker staining, and the ability to form teratomas in vivo. These findings demonstrate that a vertical‐wheel bioreactor‐based bioprocess can provide optimal conditions for efficient, rapid generation of high‐quality hiPSCs to meet the demands for clinical manufacturing of therapeutic cell products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breanna S Borys
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tania So
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - James Colter
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tiffany Dang
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Erin L Roberts
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tamas Revay
- Department of Medical Genetics, Alberta Health Services, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Leila Larijani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Roman Krawetz
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ian Lewis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bob Argiropoulos
- Department of Medical Genetics, Alberta Health Services, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Derrick E Rancourt
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | | | - Brian Lee
- PBS Biotech Inc., Camarillo, California, USA
| | - Michael S Kallos
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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42
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Tsukamoto M, Kimura K, Tanaka M, Kuwamura M, Ohtaka M, Nakanishi M, Sugiura K, Hatoya S. Generation of Footprint‐Free Canine Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Using Sendai Virus Vector. Mol Reprod Dev 2020; 87:663-665. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Tsukamoto
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental SciencesOsaka Prefecture UniversityIzumisano Osaka Japan
| | - Kazuto Kimura
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental SciencesOsaka Prefecture UniversityIzumisano Osaka Japan
| | - Miyuu Tanaka
- Department of Integrated Structural Biosciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental SciencesOsaka Prefecture UniversityIzumisano Osaka Japan
| | - Mitsuru Kuwamura
- Department of Integrated Structural Biosciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental SciencesOsaka Prefecture UniversityIzumisano Osaka Japan
| | | | - Mahito Nakanishi
- TOKIWA‐Bio, Inc.Tsukuba Japan
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug DiscoveryNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)Tsukuba Japan
| | - Kikuya Sugiura
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental SciencesOsaka Prefecture UniversityIzumisano Osaka Japan
| | - Shingo Hatoya
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental SciencesOsaka Prefecture UniversityIzumisano Osaka Japan
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43
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No YJ, Castilho M, Ramaswamy Y, Zreiqat H. Role of Biomaterials and Controlled Architecture on Tendon/Ligament Repair and Regeneration. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1904511. [PMID: 31814177 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201904511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Engineering synthetic scaffolds to repair and regenerate ruptured native tendon and ligament (T/L) tissues is a significant engineering challenge due to the need to satisfy both the unique biological and biomechanical properties of these tissues. Long-term clinical outcomes of synthetic scaffolds relying solely on high uniaxial tensile strength are poor with high rates of implant rupture and synovitis. Ideal biomaterials for T/L repair and regeneration need to possess the appropriate biological and biomechanical properties necessary for the successful repair and regeneration of ruptured tendon and ligament tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jung No
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative BioEngineering, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Miguel Castilho
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Yogambha Ramaswamy
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative BioEngineering, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Hala Zreiqat
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative BioEngineering, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
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44
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Jiang W, Hu X, Li F, Li G, Wang Y. Adrenoceptor Responses in Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes: a Special Focus on Electrophysiological Property. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 373:429-437. [PMID: 32217769 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.265686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hESC-CMs) have become a promising cell source for cardiovascular research. The electrophysiological characteristic of hESC-CMs has been generally studied, but little is known about electrophysiological response to adrenergic receptor (AR) activation. This study aims to characterize electrophysiological response of hESC-CMs to adrenergic stimulation in terms of the conduction velocity (CV) and action potential (AP) shape. The H9 hESC-CMs were acquired by a classic differentiation protocol and cultured to achieve confluent cell monolayers. The AP shape and CV among the monolayers were recorded using optical mapping during electrophysiological and pharmacological stimulation experiments. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were adopted to determine the expression levels of Connexin and ion channel gene and protein. Chronic β-AR stimulation by isoproterenol for 24 hours in hESC-CM monolayers increased CV by approximately 50%, whereas α-AR or acute β-AR stimulation had no significant effect; chronic β-AR stimulation resulted in a significant Connexin (Cx) 43 and Nav1.5 upregulation at both protein and mRNA level. Isoproterenol-induced CV accelerating and Cx43 and Nav1.5 upregulation in hESC-CMs, which was attenuated by selective β1-adrenoceptor antagonist CGP 20712A but not selective β2-antagonist ICI 118551. Moreover, pretreatment with protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor H89, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK) inhibitor SB203580, and MAPK inhibitor PD98059 suppressed the isoproterenol-induced CV accelerating and Cx43 upregulation, whereas it had no significant effect on Nav1.5 upregulation. The AP shape in hESC-CM monolayers was less susceptible by either β-AR or α-AR stimulation. It was β1-AR not β2-AR contributing to the modification of conduction velocity among hESC-CM monolayers. Chronic β1-AR stimulation accelerates CV by upregulating Cx43 via PKA/MEK/MAPK pathway. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: These data provide new insight into the electrophysiological characteristics of human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hESC-CMs) and depict a concise signaling pathway in the adrenergic receptor (AR) regulation of action potential shape and electrical propagation across hESC-CM monolayer. It is β1-AR not β2-AR contributing to the modification of conduction velocity in hESC-CMs and accelerating conduction velocity by upregulating Connexin 43 via protein kinase A/ mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-extracellular signal-regulated kinase/MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Jiang
- Departments of Cardiovascular Surgery (X.H., F.L., G.L., Y.W.) and Gastroenterology (W.J.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (Y.W.)
| | - Xingjian Hu
- Departments of Cardiovascular Surgery (X.H., F.L., G.L., Y.W.) and Gastroenterology (W.J.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (Y.W.)
| | - Fei Li
- Departments of Cardiovascular Surgery (X.H., F.L., G.L., Y.W.) and Gastroenterology (W.J.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (Y.W.)
| | - Geng Li
- Departments of Cardiovascular Surgery (X.H., F.L., G.L., Y.W.) and Gastroenterology (W.J.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (Y.W.)
| | - Yin Wang
- Departments of Cardiovascular Surgery (X.H., F.L., G.L., Y.W.) and Gastroenterology (W.J.), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (Y.W.)
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45
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Mehrotra S, de Melo BAG, Hirano M, Keung W, Li RA, Mandal BB, Shin SR. Nonmulberry Silk Based Ink for Fabricating Mechanically Robust Cardiac Patches and Endothelialized Myocardium-on-a-Chip Application. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2020; 30:1907436. [PMID: 33071707 PMCID: PMC7566555 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201907436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Bioprinting holds great promise towards engineering functional cardiac tissue constructs for regenerative medicine and as drug test models. However, it is highly limited by the choice of inks that require maintaining a balance between the structure and functional properties associated with the cardiac tissue. In this regard, we have developed a novel and mechanically robust biomaterial-ink based on non-mulberry silk fibroin protein. The silk-based ink demonstrated suitable mechanical properties required in terms of elasticity and stiffness (~40 kPa) for developing clinically relevant cardiac tissue constructs. The ink allowed the fabrication of stable anisotropic scaffolds using a dual crosslinking method, which were able to support formation of aligned sarcomeres, high expression of gap junction proteins as connexin-43, and maintain synchronously beating of cardiomyocytes. The printed constructs were found to be non-immunogenic in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, delving into an innovative method for fabricating a vascularized myocardial tissue-on-a-chip, the silk-based ink was used as supporting hydrogel for encapsulating human induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiac spheroids (hiPSC-CSs) and creating perfusable vascularized channels via an embedded bioprinting technique. We confirmed the ability of silk-based supporting hydrogel towards maturation and viability of hiPSC-CSs and endothelial cells, and for applications in evaluating drug toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Mehrotra
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India
| | - Bruna A. G. de Melo
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Engineering of Materials and Bioprocesses, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-852, Brazil
| | - Minoru Hirano
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Future Vehicle Research Department, Toyota Research Institute North America, Toyota Motor North America Inc., 1555 Woodridge Ave Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Wendy Keung
- Dr. Li Dak-Sum Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Hong Kong
| | - Ronald A. Li
- Dr. Li Dak-Sum Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Hong Kong
| | - Biman B. Mandal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India
- Center for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India
| | - Su Ryon Shin
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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46
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Shi J, Farzaneh M, Khoshnam SE. Yes-Associated Protein and PDZ Binding Motif: A Critical Signaling Pathway in the Control of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Self-Renewal and Differentiation. Cell Reprogram 2020; 22:55-61. [PMID: 32125897 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2019.0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) can self-renew indefinitely to generate cells like themselves with a normal karyotype and differentiate into other types of cells when stimulated with a proper set of internal and external signals. hPSCs including human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are an alternative approach toward stem cell biology, drug discovery, disease modeling, and regenerative medicine. hESCs are commonly derived from the inner cell mass of preimplantation embryos and can maintain their pluripotency in appropriate culture media. The Hippo pathway is a major integrator of cell surface-mediated signals and plays an essential role in regulating hESCs function. Yes-associated protein (YAP) and TAZ (PDZ binding motif) are critical downstream transcriptional coactivators in the Hippo pathway. The culture conditions have effects on the cytoplasmic or nuclear YAP/TAZ localization. Also, the activity of Hippo pathway is influenced by cell density, mechanical tension, and biochemical signals. In this review article, we summarize the function of YAP/TAZ and focus on the regulation of YAP/TAZ in self-renewal and differentiation of hESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Shi
- Medical College, Weinan Vocational and Technical College, Weinan, China
| | - Maryam Farzaneh
- Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed Esmaeil Khoshnam
- Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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47
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Chan SW, Rizwan M, Yim EKF. Emerging Methods for Enhancing Pluripotent Stem Cell Expansion. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:70. [PMID: 32117992 PMCID: PMC7033584 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have great potential to revolutionize the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine as well as stem cell therapeutics. However, the end goal of using PSCs for therapeutic use remains distant due to limitations in current PSC production. Conventional methods for PSC expansion have limited potential to be scaled up to produce the number of cells required for the end-goal of therapeutic use due to xenogenic components, high cost or low efficiency. In this mini review, we explore novel methods and emerging technologies of improving PSC expansion: the use of the two-dimensional mechanobiological strategies of topography and stiffness and the use of three-dimensional (3D) expansion methods including encapsulation, microcarrier-based culture, and suspension culture. Additionally, we discuss the limitations of conventional PSC expansion methods as well as the challenges in implementing non-conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah W. Chan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Evelyn K. F. Yim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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48
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Prieto J, Ponsoda X, Izpisua Belmonte JC, Torres J. Mitochondrial dynamics and metabolism in induced pluripotency. Exp Gerontol 2020; 133:110870. [PMID: 32045634 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.110870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Somatic cells can be reprogrammed to pluripotency by either ectopic expression of defined factors or exposure to chemical cocktails. During reprogramming, somatic cells undergo dramatic changes in a wide range of cellular processes, such as metabolism, mitochondrial morphology and function, cell signaling pathways or immortalization. Regulation of these processes during cell reprograming lead to the acquisition of a pluripotent state, which enables indefinite propagation by symmetrical self-renewal without losing the ability of reprogrammed cells to differentiate into all cell types of the adult. In this review, recent data from different laboratories showing how these processes are controlled during the phenotypic transformation of a somatic cell into a pluripotent stem cell will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Prieto
- Departamento Biología Celular, Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universitat de València, Calle Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Xavier Ponsoda
- Departamento Biología Celular, Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universitat de València, Calle Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (INCLIVA), Avenida de Menéndez y Pelayo 4, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Izpisua Belmonte
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Josema Torres
- Departamento Biología Celular, Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universitat de València, Calle Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (INCLIVA), Avenida de Menéndez y Pelayo 4, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
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49
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Liu G, David BT, Trawczynski M, Fessler RG. Advances in Pluripotent Stem Cells: History, Mechanisms, Technologies, and Applications. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 16:3-32. [PMID: 31760627 PMCID: PMC6987053 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-019-09935-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 20 years, and particularly in the last decade, significant developmental milestones have driven basic, translational, and clinical advances in the field of stem cell and regenerative medicine. In this article, we provide a systemic overview of the major recent discoveries in this exciting and rapidly developing field. We begin by discussing experimental advances in the generation and differentiation of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), next moving to the maintenance of stem cells in different culture types, and finishing with a discussion of three-dimensional (3D) cell technology and future stem cell applications. Specifically, we highlight the following crucial domains: 1) sources of pluripotent cells; 2) next-generation in vivo direct reprogramming technology; 3) cell types derived from PSCs and the influence of genetic memory; 4) induction of pluripotency with genomic modifications; 5) construction of vectors with reprogramming factor combinations; 6) enhancing pluripotency with small molecules and genetic signaling pathways; 7) induction of cell reprogramming by RNA signaling; 8) induction and enhancement of pluripotency with chemicals; 9) maintenance of pluripotency and genomic stability in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs); 10) feeder-free and xenon-free culture environments; 11) biomaterial applications in stem cell biology; 12) three-dimensional (3D) cell technology; 13) 3D bioprinting; 14) downstream stem cell applications; and 15) current ethical issues in stem cell and regenerative medicine. This review, encompassing the fundamental concepts of regenerative medicine, is intended to provide a comprehensive portrait of important progress in stem cell research and development. Innovative technologies and real-world applications are emphasized for readers interested in the exciting, promising, and challenging field of stem cells and those seeking guidance in planning future research direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gele Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rush University Medical College, 1725 W. Harrison St., Suite 855, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Brian T David
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rush University Medical College, 1725 W. Harrison St., Suite 855, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Matthew Trawczynski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rush University Medical College, 1725 W. Harrison St., Suite 855, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Richard G Fessler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rush University Medical College, 1725 W. Harrison St., Suite 855, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
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50
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Hussein KH, Park KM, Yu L, Song SH, Woo HM, Kwak HH. Vascular reconstruction: A major challenge in developing a functional whole solid organ graft from decellularized organs. Acta Biomater 2020; 103:68-80. [PMID: 31887454 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bioengineering a functional organ holds great potential to overcome the current gap between the organ need and shortage of available organs. Whole organ decellularization allows the removal of cells from large-scale organs, leaving behind extracellular matrices containing different growth factors, structural proteins, and a vascular network with a bare surface. Successful application of decellularized tissues as transplantable organs is hampered by the inability to completely reline the vasculature by endothelial cells (ECs), leading to blood coagulation, loss of vascular patency, and subsequent death of reseeded cells. Therefore, an intact, continuous layer of endothelium is essential to maintain proper functioning of the vascular system, which includes the transfer of nutrients to surrounding tissues and protecting other types of cells from shear stress. Here, we aimed to summarize the available cell sources that can be used for reendothelialization in addition to different trials performed by researchers to reconstruct vascularization of decellularized solid organs. Additionally, different techniques for enhancing reendothelialization and the methods used for evaluating reendothelialization efficiency along with the future prospective applications of this field are discussed. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Despite the great progress in whole organ decellularization, reconstruction of vasculature within the engineered constructs is still a major roadblock. Reconstructed endothelium acts as a multifunctional barrier of vessels, which can reduce thrombosis and help delivering of oxygen and nutrients throughout the whole organ. Successful reendothelialization can be achieved through reseeding of appropriate cell types on the naked vasculature with or without modification of its surface. Here, we present the current research milestones that so far established to reconstruct the vascular network in addition to the methods used for evaluating the efficiency of reendotheilization. Thus, this review is quite significant and will aid the researchers to know where we stand toward biofabricating a transplantable organ from decellularizd extracellular matrix.
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