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AHANGARI ROGHAYE, MOHAMMADBEIGI ABOLFAZL, MIRAJ SEPIDEH, RAJABI NASER, MOHAMMADPOUR ROGHAYEH. Monitoring the utilization and effectiveness of Iron and Vitamin D supplementations program and its predictive factors in high schools' girls in Qom, Iran. JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2024; 65:E36-E42. [PMID: 38706771 PMCID: PMC11066825 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2024.65.1.3154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Background Iron and Vitamin D3 deficiency is one of the major global health problems in teenagers and adolescent population. This study was aimed to monitor the utilization and predictive factors of Iron and Vitamin D Supplementations Program (IVDSP) in high schools' girls. Methods In a cross sectional study, the pattern of Iron and D3 consumption based on IVDSP on 400 high schools' girl in Qom, Iran assesses. Data collection was used by a reliable and standard researcher based questionnaire and daily, weekly, monthly and seasonally consumption of complementary minerals in schools were gathered. Data analysis conducted using SPSS version 20 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) by chi square, independent t-test and multivariate logistic regression. Results The mean age of subjects was 15.14 ± 1.52 years and ranged from 12 to 18 years old. The total weekly prevalence of D3 and Iron consumption in high schools' girls was calculated 36.73% and the weekly prevalence of Iron and monthly prevalence of Vitamin D3 consumption was 33.75% and 40.5%, respectively. The most common causes of non-consumption were bad taste 49.31%, Iranian made drug 20.27%, drug sensitivity 19.82% and drug interaction 10.60%, respectively. Conclusions The inadequate and incomplete rate of IVDSP in Qom was high and more than 60% of distributed supplementations have been wasted. Results showed that students who were participated in educational orientation classes were more successful and eager in Iron and Vitamin D3 consumption. Therefore, more educational explanatory interventions for both students and her parents recommended to increase the efficiency of the program.
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Affiliation(s)
- ROGHAYE AHANGARI
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - ABOLFAZL MOHAMMADBEIGI
- Professor of Epidemiology, School of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - SEPIDEH MIRAJ
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - NASER RAJABI
- MSc of Epidemiology, Health vice chancellor, Qom University of medical sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - ROGHAYEH MOHAMMADPOUR
- MSc student of Health Education and Promotion, School of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
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Rosa KD, Beatriz Limberger L, de Queiroz Fischer M, Dos Santos C, Reuter CP, Dallazem Bertol C, André Horta J, Franke SIR, Prá D. Anaemia among school children of different socioeconomical status in a city of Southern Brazil. Ann Hum Biol 2024; 51:1-7. [PMID: 38251840 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2023.2298473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Background: Iron deficiency is one of the leading causes of anaemia, with those most affected being children and women of childbearing age, in Brazil there is a scarcity of studies involving the local prevalence of anaemia. Aim: To evaluate anaemia and associated factors in schoolchildren in Santa Cruz do Sul through the analysis of biochemical and haematological markers and parasitological examination of faeces. Subjects and methods: School children from 10 to 12 years of age were evaluated through complete blood count, serum ferritin, C-reactive protein and stool parasitological examination, as well as socio-demographic characteristics and prophylaxis with ferrous sulphate in childhood. Results: It was found that 13.0% of the population was anaemic, girls were very slightly overrepresented among the anaemic children. Only 5.3% had altered haematocrit levels; 26.6% had low Mean Corpuscular Volume levels; 18.4% had low ferritin levels; 2.4% had increased C-reactive protein levels, and 21.7% had altered eosinophils. As for the socioeconomic level, classes A2 and D presented lower haemoglobin levels, as well as class D presenting lower ferritin levels, although without statistical significance. Only 6.0% of the population presented iron-deficiency anaemia and 46.0% of the schoolchildren had used ferrous sulphate supplementation in childhood. Conclusion: The prevalence of anaemia in the studied municipality is low, probably due to the high municipal human development index. Epidemiological studies are essential to characterise the population in a systematic form, to prevent future problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karini da Rosa
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Envelhecimento Humano, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | - Luana Beatriz Limberger
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Promoção da Saúde, Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil
| | - Maiara de Queiroz Fischer
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Promoção da Saúde, Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil
| | - Caroline Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Promoção da Saúde, Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cézane Priscila Reuter
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Promoção da Saúde, Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil
| | - Charise Dallazem Bertol
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Envelhecimento Humano, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | - Jorge André Horta
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Promoção da Saúde, Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil
| | - Silvia Isabel Rech Franke
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Promoção da Saúde, Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil
| | - Daniel Prá
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Promoção da Saúde, Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil
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Agedew E, Abebe Z, Ayelign A. Dietary patterns in relation with nutritional outcomes and associated factors among adolescents: implications for context-specific dietary intervention for the Agrarian Community, Northwest Ethiopia. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1274406. [PMID: 38024384 PMCID: PMC10651748 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1274406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dietary pattern analysis allows us to characterize the dietary intakes of individuals rather than nutrient intake data and strongly predicts disease risks. The relationship between food intake and adolescents' nutritional health is not well understood yet. Therefore, this study aimed to generate evidence for context-specific dietary intervention for adolescents. Objective This study aimed to determine dietary patterns and their relationship with nutritional outcomes and identify the contributing factors among adolescents in the Agrarian Community of Northwest Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 622 randomly selected adolescents. Dietary data were collected over a 1-week recall period using the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). After testing the basic assumptions, an exploratory factor analysis was conducted to determine the dietary patterns. Anthropometric data on weight and height were collected to determine the nutritional status using WHO Anthroplus 2010 software. A chi-square test was conducted to evaluate the effect of different dietary patterns on nutritional outcomes. A multivariable binary logistic regression model was used to identify factors affecting the dietary patterns of adolescents. Result Three types of dietary patterns, namely, traditional, mixed, and animal-source foods with traditional alcoholic beverage consumption were identified. These dietary patterns explain 58.64% of the variance in adolescent diet in the study setting. The burden of stunting was 15.12% vs. 11.21, 19.40% vs. 6.94, and 8.36% vs.17.97% among adolescents with lower traditional, mixed, and higher animal sources with alcoholic dietary pattern consumption habits, respectively (value of p <0.05). Adolescents who resided in low-land agroecology (AOR = 2.44; 95% CL: 1.24, 4.81) and had access to animal-source foods (AOR = 1.64; 95% CI: 1.04, 2.60) were associated with lower consumption of traditional dietary patterns. Similarly, adolescents who resided in low-land (AOR = 1.80; 95% CI: 1.18, 2.74) had formal education (AOR = 2.38; 95% CI: 1.35, 4.19) and had poor nutrition knowledge (AOR = 2.83; 95% CL: 1.55, 5.19) were associated with lower consumption of mixed dietary patterns. Moreover, adolescents residing in the high-land (AOR = 2.50; 95% CI: 1.37, 4.56) and being female (AOR =1.87; 95% CI: 1.27, 2.74) were significant factors associated with lower consumption of animal-sourced foods with traditional alcoholic beverage consumption patterns. Conclusion Multidimensional modifiable factors were explored that could be targeted for public health interventions for the identified dietary patterns. Integrated and multifaceted dietary intervention approaches are needed to promote healthy diets and discourage the consumption of unhealthy diets to reduce undernutrition in the study area and similar settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eskezyiaw Agedew
- Center for Food Science and Nutrition, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Appiah AO, Tandoh MA, Puotege PS, Edusei AK. The Effect of a Turkey Berry ( Solanum torvum)-Fortified Biscuit on the Hemoglobin Level and Cognitive Performance of Adolescent Females in the Ahafo Region of Ghana: A Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2023; 2023:1388782. [PMID: 37901683 PMCID: PMC10611544 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1388782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Anemia is a public health problem that affects about 50% of adolescent females in sub-Saharan Africa. Anemia can negatively affect the overall growth, cognitive performance, and productivity of school-going adolescents. This pilot study assessed the impact of Solanum torvum-fortified biscuits on hemoglobin levels and cognitive performance of school-going adolescent females. A cluster randomized controlled, open labeled trial was undertaken among four basic schools in the Ahafo Region of Ghana. Out of the 169 participants, 151 (intervention = 83, control = 68) adolescent females completed the trial. The intervention and control groups were made up of two schools each. The participants in the intervention and control groups received a total of 30 turkey berry-fortified biscuit supplementation or 30 placebos for a period of six weeks, respectively. The hemoglobin levels and cognitive test scores were obtained before and after the intervention. The number of anemic cases and low cognitive performance among the female adolescents in the intervention group reduced by 23.8% and 8.7%, respectively. There was a positive impact on the hemoglobin levels and cognitive performance of the intervention group. For every unit of turkey berry-fortified biscuit consumed by the intervention group, there was a 0.945 unit increase in hemoglobin level (p = 0.001) and a 2.796 unit increase in cognitive performance (p = 0.005). The turkey berry-fortified biscuit significantly reduced anemia prevalence and improved cognitive performance among the adolescent girls. Therefore, its potential in the management of anemia and improvement of cognition could be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Owusuaa Appiah
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology (Human Nutrition and Dietetics), College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, PMB, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Marina Aferiba Tandoh
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology (Human Nutrition and Dietetics), College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, PMB, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Pepertual Suglo Puotege
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology (Human Nutrition and Dietetics), College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, PMB, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Anthony Kwaku Edusei
- Department of Health Promotion and Disability Studies, School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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Jafari A, Hosseini Z, Tehrani H, Alami A. Evaluation of the barriers and facilitators of iron supplementation program among adolescent females. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 56:36-42. [PMID: 37344081 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Iron deficiency anemia is a major health problem in female adolescents; so, the iron supplementation program has been implemented in Iranian female high school students for nearly two decades. This study aimed to assess the barriers and facilitators of the program. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted by cluster random sampling with a sample size of 399 high school girls from the northern, southern, eastern, western and central regions of Iran. To collect data, we applied valid and reliable researcher-made questionnaires. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 22 software using the chi-squared test. RESULTS From the students' point of view, the most important reasons for not taking iron supplements were the bad taste of iron supplements, nausea after consumption, and not prescription of the iron supplement by physicians. Most the students believed that inviting health care professionals and movies or clips had the greatest impact on encouraging students to take supplements. About 45% of students reported that educational programs were not held for them, and only 28% of students received educational content/educational media about iron supplement. Also, 71% of students reported that there are not enough glasses for the consumption of supplement iron. There were significant relationships between iron supplements distributors (deputy assistant: 22.6% vs. 14.1%, P = 0.045), allocated enough time to intake iron supplements (72.0% vs. 37.1%, P < 0.001), implemented the educational program in schools (61.8% vs. 33%, P < 0.001), and the educator person of the program (health teachers: 42.7% vs. 35.7%, P = 0.039) with consumption of iron supplement by the students. CONCLUSION To achieve the goals of the program, it is necessary paying attention to various aspects of the program such as providing better quality iron supplements, providing more appropriate environmental conditions, designing more attractive training programs, strengthening general announcement, and employing more experienced executive staff. CONCLUSION
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Jafari
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran.
| | - Zahra Hosseini
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran.
| | - Hadi Tehrani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Ali Alami
- Department of Epidemiology and Bio-statistics, School of Public Health, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran.
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Wemakor A, Kwaako M, Abdul-Rahman A. Nutritional, health and socio-demographic determinants of anaemia in adolescent girls in Kumbungu District, Ghana. BMC Nutr 2023; 9:90. [PMID: 37480139 PMCID: PMC10362769 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-023-00749-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaemia is a serious health problem among adolescent girls in Ghana. The aims of this study were to measure the prevalence and identify the nutritional, health, and socio-demographic determinants of anaemia in adolescent girls in Kumbungu District, Northern Region, Ghana. METHOD An analytical cross-sectional study involving 370 adolescent girls residing in Kumbungu district, selected using multi-stage sampling procedure, was conducted. A semi-structured questionnaire, 24-hr dietary recall, food frequency questionnaire, Food Insecurity Experience scale, and anthropometry were used to gather information on socio-demographic characteristics, nutrition knowledge, dietary diversity score, food consumption score, food consumption frequency, household food insecurity, and waist and hip circumferences. Haemoglobin was measured using a portable HemoCue hg 301 + Analyzer. Anaemia in the adolescent girls was defined as haemoglobin concentration less than 12 g/dl. Chi-square test and binary logistic regression analysis were used to identify the determinants of anaemia. RESULTS The mean (± SD) age was 13.95 (± 2.94) years, and the majority of the girls were in school (79.5%) and lived in a rural area (81.1%). The mean (± SD) haemoglobin was 11.27 (± 1.19) g/dl, and 74.6% of the respondents had anaemia, with 1.6% having severe anaemia. The health determinant of anaemia was frequency of feeling nervous in the past 6 months [Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR): 2.12: 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.17-3.89; p: 0.014], and the socio-demographic determinants were residential community status (AOR: 0.42; 95% CI: 0.24-0.75; p: 0.003), and fathers' educational qualification (AOR: 2.57, 95% CI: 1.17-5.65, p: 0.019). No nutritional determinants of anaemia were identified for this study population. CONCLUSION The prevalence of anaemia was very high and the frequency of feeling nervous in the past 6 months, residential community status, and fathers' educational qualification were associated with anaemia among adolescent girls in Kumbungu district, Ghana. The prevalence of anaemia measured highlights the need for intensification of anaemia prevention and management interventions in the district.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Wemakor
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, P. O. Box TL 1883, Tamale, Tamale, Ghana.
| | - Matilda Kwaako
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, P. O. Box TL 1883, Tamale, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Adinan Abdul-Rahman
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, P. O. Box TL 1883, Tamale, Tamale, Ghana
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Sari P, Herawati DMD, Dhamayanti M, Hilmanto D. Fundamental Aspects of the Development of a Model of an Integrated Health Care System for the Prevention of Iron Deficiency Anemia among Adolescent Girls: A Qualitative Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13811. [PMID: 36360691 PMCID: PMC9657908 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192113811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in adolescent girls is a problem that has not been resolved. This study aimed to explore the critical aspects of an integrated health care system model for preventing IDA in adolescent girls in a rural area of Indonesia. This qualitative research employed a grounded theory approach in order to build a substantive theory. This study used in-depth interviews with adolescents, parents, teachers, health workers, and persons in charge of adolescent programs at the health office, education office, and ministry of religion. Purposive sampling was performed until data saturation was achieved. Codes, categories, and themes were generated through thematic data analysis to develop a substantive theory. Data analysis was performed using MAXQDA 2022 software. A total of 41 people participated in this study. This investigation generated twenty-two categories and seven themes. These themes relate to policymaker commitments, stakeholder governance, quality, adolescents' lifestyles, adolescents' self-factors, adolescents' access to health services, and social support. The themes identified become fundamental aspects of the integrated health care system model for preventing IDA in adolescent girls. The model of the integrated health care system consists of several essential points, which include awareness and efforts from policymakers and adolescent girls, supported by parents, teachers, and the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puspa Sari
- Doctoral Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia
| | | | - Meita Dhamayanti
- Department of Child Health, Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia
| | - Dany Hilmanto
- Department of Child Health, Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia
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Sari P, Judistiani RTD, Herawati DMD, Dhamayanti M, Hilmanto D. Iron Deficiency Anemia and Associated Factors Among Adolescent Girls and Women in a Rural Area of Jatinangor, Indonesia. Int J Womens Health 2022; 14:1137-1147. [PMID: 36039326 PMCID: PMC9419807 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s376023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Iron deficiency anemia is a common problem among adolescent girls and women, with significant consequences on personal health. One of the causes of iron deficiency anemia is inadequate nutritional intake. This study explores iron-deficiency anemia and associated factors among adolescent girls and women in a rural area of Jatinangor, Indonesia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with 95 adolescent girls and 85 women between April and November 2018. Cluster random sampling was used to select the participants from seven villages in the Jatinangor district. After obtaining informed consent, we collected sociodemographic data, menstrual histories, and related data, including nutritional intake using 24-hour dietary recall. Anthropometrics were gathered to determine the body mass Index (BMI), and venous blood samples were analyzed for complete blood count and hemoglobin levels. Descriptive statistics followed by bivariate and multivariable logistic regression were used to identify anemia-associated factors. Results The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia among the girls was 21.1% and 9.4% among women, with an average hemoglobin level in adolescents of 10.75 g/dL (± 0.79) and in adults 11.20 g/dL (± 0.61), whereas MCV was 74.49±8.22 fL in adolescents and 7.61±8.62 fL in adults. The majority of our samples were not stunted in growth and were also within a normal weight range. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that protein intake (OR=0.25; 95% CI 0.11–0.58) was a positively associated factor with anemia. Conclusion The prevalence of iron-deficiency anemia in this study represents a mild public health problem in the study sample. Based on the hemoglobin level, anemia, can be classified as moderate in adolescents and mild in adults. Low levels of MCH indicate iron-deficiency anemia. Sufficient protein intake did not prevent anemia due to macronutrient and micronutrient intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puspa Sari
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Raden Tina Dewi Judistiani
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia
| | | | - Meita Dhamayanti
- Department of Child Health, Hasan Sadikin Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Dany Hilmanto
- Department of Child Health, Hasan Sadikin Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia
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Habtegiorgis SD, Petrucka P, Telayneh AT, Getahun DS, Getacher L, Alemu S, Birhanu MY. Prevalence and associated factors of anemia among adolescent girls in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264063. [PMID: 35324901 PMCID: PMC8947116 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anemia is the reduction of red blood cells in size and numbers and an indicator of both poor nutrition and poor health. It is a major global public health problem. Anemia in adolescents and young adults can have negative effects on their cognitive performance and growth. In Ethiopia, previous studies yielded variable prevalence. This review aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of adolescent girls' anemia and associated factors in Ethiopia. METHODS We searched for studies reporting anemia and associated factors among adolescent girls as reported in peer reviews publications in Ethiopia from 1988 to 2021 from PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, and Worldwide Science database. The search strategy identified 309 cross-sectional studies. After screening for potentially eligible articles, we identified 37 publications for full text review, following which 10 publications were included in the final review. Using data from the review, we performed meta-analysis to produce pooled estimates and assess the prevalence of anemia and associated risk factors. Data were extracted using a standardized data extraction format prepared in Microsoft Excel™ and transferred to Stata ™ Version 14.0 for management and further analysis. To identify the source of heterogeneity, subgroup analysis using sample size and study setup was computed, and I2 test was used to declare the presence or absence of significant heterogeneity during subgroup analysis. A random-effect meta-analysis model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of adolescent girls' anemia. Moreover associated factors for adolescent anemia were assessed too. RESULTS The overall pooled prevalence of anemia among adolescent girls' in Ethiopia was 23.02% (95% CI: 17.21to 28.84). In the subgroup analysis, studies that have a higher sample size than mean have a higher pooled prevalence (27.35%) (95% CI: 21.42 to 33.28) compared to their counterparts. Age being 15-19 (OR: 2.13; 95% CI: 1.52 to 2.96), living in rural areas (OR: 2.05; 95% CI: 1.66 to 2.54), and low dietary diversity (OR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.00 to 2.34), were the identified factors associated with anemia among adolescent girls'. CONCLUSION The pooled prevalence of anemia among adolescent girls in Ethiopia was moderately high. Being in 15-19 years, rural residence, and low dietary diversity score were found to be the significant factors of anemia among adolescent girls in Ethiopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Derbie Habtegiorgis
- Department of Public Health, College of health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Pammla Petrucka
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
- School of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Nelson Mandela African Institute of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Animut Takele Telayneh
- Department of Public Health, College of health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Shitu Getahun
- Department of Public Health, College of health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Lemma Getacher
- Department of Public Health College of Health Science, Debre Berhan University, Debre Birhan, Ethiopia
| | - Simegn Alemu
- Department of Public Health, College of health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Molla Yigzaw Birhanu
- Department of Public Health, College of health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
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Overweight and obese adolescents: A risk group for vitamin B12 deficiency and anemia? JOURNAL OF SURGERY AND MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.28982/josam.898510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Endale F, Woldeyohannes D, Belayneh F, Tamene A, Habte A, Gizachew A, Sulamo D, Kebede Y, Yohannes J, Mekonen T, Akiso D. Menstrual abnormality, maternal illiteracy, and household factors as main predictors of anemia among adolescent girls in Ethiopia: Systematic review and meta-analysis. WOMEN'S HEALTH 2022; 18:17455057221129398. [DOI: 10.1177/17455057221129398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background: Adolescent girls are more likely to develop anemia as a result of physical and physiological changes that place a greater strain on their nutritional needs. Primary studies, on the other hand, may not be sufficient to provide a complete picture of anemia in adolescent girls and its major risk factors. Objective: The study aimed to describe the pooled prevalence of adolescent girls’ anemia and the factors that contribute. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of observational studies using the databases CINAHL (EBSCO), PubMed, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the quality of the articles, and studies of fair to good quality were included. We pooled anemia prevalence among adolescents and odds ratio estimates for risk factors. Subgroup analysis employing sample size and study setup was computed to determine the source of heterogeneity, and the I2 test was used to identify the existence or absence of substantial heterogeneity during subgroup analysis. The pooled prevalence of adolescent girls’ anemia was calculated using a random-effects meta-analysis model. Results: The overall pooled prevalence of anemia among adolescent girls in Ethiopia was 23.03% (95% confidence interval: 17.07, 28.98). Low dietary diversity (odds ratio: 1.56; 95% confidence interval: 1.05, 2.32), illiterate mothers (odds ratio: 1.45; 95% confidence interval: 1.13, 1.86), household size greater than five (odds ratio: 1.65; 95% confidence interval: 1.14, 2.38), food-insecure households (odds ratio: 1.48; 95% confidence interval: 1.21, 1.82), and menstrual blood flow more than 5 days (odds ratio: 6.21; 95% confidence interval: 1.67, 23.12) were the identified factors associated with anemia among adolescent girls. Conclusion: The pooled prevalence of anemia among adolescent girls in Ethiopia was moderately high. Therefore, to combat the burden of anemia among adolescent girls offering nutritional education is crucial. Iron supplementation is also recommended for adolescent females who have a menstrual cycle that lasts longer than 5 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fitsum Endale
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia
| | - Demelash Woldeyohannes
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia
| | - Fanuel Belayneh
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Aiggan Tamene
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia
| | - Aklilu Habte
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia
| | - Addisalem Gizachew
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia
| | - Dawit Sulamo
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia
| | - Yohannes Kebede
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia
| | - Janet Yohannes
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia
| | - Tadesse Mekonen
- Food Science and Nutrition Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Denebo Akiso
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia
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Inadequacy of nutrient intake among adolescent girls in south central Ethiopia. J Nutr Sci 2021; 10:e90. [PMID: 34733502 PMCID: PMC8532068 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2021.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescent undernutrition is a major public health problem in Ethiopia. Inadequate dietary intake of nutrients is the major determinants of undernutrition. However, the adequacy of dietary intake among adolescents was not sufficiently explored. The present study aims to estimate the inadequacy of nutrient intake among adolescent girls in south central Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted. We assess food and nutrient intake using repeated multiple-pass 24-h dietary recall. The study was conducted in Damot Gale district, Woliyta zone, Southern Ethiopia. Data were collected from 288 female adolescents. The majority of adolescent girls consumed cereals (96⋅9 %) and roots/tubers (75⋅3 %). However, only less than 1 % of them consumed flesh food. The mean energy, carbohydrate, protein and dietary fibre intake of the adolescent girls per day was 1452⋅7 ± 356⋅3 kcal, 305⋅6 ± 72⋅4 g, 35⋅7 ± 13⋅3 g and 18⋅6 ± 8⋅4 g, respectively. The median fat intake was 13⋅3 g (IQR 8⋅8, 19⋅8). The contribution of carbohydrate, protein and fat for the total energy was 80, 10 and 8 %, respectively. The prevalence of inadequate intake of protein was 60⋅9 %. The prevalence of inadequate intake of iron for early adolescents and late adolescents was 82 and 53 %, respectively. The prevalence of inadequate intake of folate was 83⋅9 % and zinc was 58 %. The prevalence of inadequate intake was greater than 90 % for vitamin B12, vitamin C and calcium. The present study found an alarmingly high prevalence of inadequate intake of some nutrients among adolescent girls of Damot Gale district.
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Kamble BD, Gunjan M, Sumit J, Singh SK, Jha D, Singh S. Prevalence of anaemia among school going adolescent girls attending Test, Treat and Talk (T-3) camp under Anaemia Mukt Bharat in Delhi. J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 10:898-903. [PMID: 34041095 PMCID: PMC8138413 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1510_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adolescent period is signalized by marked physical activity and rapid growth spurt; therefore, they need additional nutritional supplements and are at utmost risk of developing nutritional anaemia. Anaemia play a major role in affecting the adolescents especially girls. On September 2019, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Govt. of India directed to all state and district health authority to conduct Test, Treat and Talk (T-3) anaemia camps for celebration of nutrition month (Poshan Maah) in all government schools and colleges. The present study aimed to assess prevalence of anaemia and factors associated with it among school going adolescent girls attending T-3 camp in Delhi. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 203 adolescent girls in government girls' school in central district of Delhi. Hb estimation was done by HemoCue 201 and data regarding socio-demographic details, deworming, dietary preferences were collected. Clinical examination and anthropometric measurements were done by resident doctors. Data was analysed using STATA vs. 13. Results The prevalence of anaemia was found to be 59% with mean (±SD) Hb of 11.3 gm/dl (±1.55) among 203 participants. The majority (48%, n = 119) of anaemic girls had mild degree of anaemia. Among 203 girls, 65% participants were of age 14-15 years with mean (±SD) age of 14.6 years (±1.18). There was a significant relationship between anaemia and diet, deworming status, and BMI (P < 0.05). Conclusion The study revealed that anaemia was highly prevalent among adolescent girls. Among anaemic girls, majority had mild anaemia. Factors like vegetarian diet, underweight, deworming and presence of pallor were found to be associated with anaemia. There is need to conduct T-3 camps at regular interval in all schools to curb the problem of adolescent anaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhushan D Kamble
- Department of Community Medicine, IMS, BHU, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mahaur Gunjan
- Department of Community Medicine, North DMC Medical College and Hindu Rao Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Jethani Sumit
- Department of Community Medicine, North DMC Medical College and Hindu Rao Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Sunil K Singh
- Department of Community Medicine, North DMC Medical College and Hindu Rao Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Diwakar Jha
- Department of Community Medicine, North DMC Medical College and Hindu Rao Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Saudan Singh
- Dean, North DMC Medical College and Hindu Rao Hospital, Delhi, India
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Prevalence of Anemia and Undernutrition of Adolescent Females in Selected Schools in Ghana. J Nutr Metab 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/6684839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Anemia among adolescent females is a major worldwide public health problem which should be given appropriate attention. Half of all anemic cases are caused by iron deficiency. In addition to anemia, poor nutrition is also a challenge in sub-Saharan Africa. This study determined the prevalence of anemia and undernutrition among adolescent females in school. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 151 adolescent females in four basic schools in the Ahafo region of Ghana. The hemoglobin level and anthropometry measures of participants were taken to determine their anemic and nutritional status. The prevalence of anemia among adolescent females in school was 50.3%. Out of the 151 participants, 6.6%, 19.9%, and 23.8% were severely anemic, moderately anemic, or mildly anemic, respectively. Only 2% of the participants were underweight, but the rate of stunting was 26.5%. The notable high prevalence of anemia that was found among adolescent females was correlated with other health and wellness concerns. Anemia and under nutrition negatively affect academic performance, productivity, and general wellbeing of adolescents; therefore, effective measures should be put in place to correct and eradicate these nutritional problems.
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Dhillon PK, Kumar B, Verma HK. Prevalence of Anemia in View of Socio-demographic and Health Status of Adolescent Girls Enrolled in Government School at Border-belt of Indian Punjab. Ecol Food Nutr 2020; 60:198-211. [PMID: 33047618 DOI: 10.1080/03670244.2020.1824160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Poor socio-demographic and health status are considered key factors for prevalence of anemia in school-going adolescent girls in developing countries. A cross-sectional study was conducted (2019-2020) on 32 adolescent girls, randomly selected from 9th, 10th, 11th, and 12th standards at Government School, Harike Pattan to assess magnitude of anemia and its associated factors. Hemoglobin level of adolescent girls was assessed using cyanmethaemoglobin method. Subsequently, adolescent girls were interviewed about their hygiene and health status through a pre-structured interview schedule. Collected data were analyzed by applying One-way ANOVA (analysis of variance) with Tukey's post-hoc test and Chi-square test to investigate prevalence of anemia and its association (p < .05) with various independent variables, correspondingly. Research findings indicated a high (100%) overall prevalence of anemia among adolescent girls, with mild, moderate, and severe anemia in 28, 59, and 13% of total adolescent girls, respectively, reflect the burden of this nutritional turmoil at a great extent. Low mean hemoglobin level (9.9 g/dl) was significantly (p < .05) associated with low socio-economic status, schedule caste, long duration of menstruation, poor personal and food hygiene profile, and infections among adolescent girls. Awareness on factors enhancing iron bio-accessibility among adolescent girls is highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piverjeet Kaur Dhillon
- Agriculture Science Centre, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Tarn Taran, India
| | - Balwinder Kumar
- Agriculture Science Centre, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Tarn Taran, India
| | - Harish Kumar Verma
- Directorate, Extension Education, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India
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Prevalence of Anemia and Associated Factors among Secondary School Adolescent Girls in Jimma Town, Oromia Regional State, Southwest Ethiopia. Anemia 2020; 2020:5043646. [PMID: 33029396 PMCID: PMC7528150 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5043646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anemia defined as a low blood hemoglobin concentration is public health importance. The adolescence age group is the most neglected in public health and nutrition research as priorities are usually given to pregnant women, lactating mothers, and their children less than 2 years. Current Ethiopian Food and Nutrition policy included adolescent girls in the most at-risk group for nutritional demands; however, only a few published studies have assessed a deficiency of anemia and associated factors to tackle the intergenerational cycle of malnutrition. Objective To assess the prevalence of anemia and associated factors among high school adolescent girls in Jimma town. Methods Data were collected from 528 secondary school adolescent girls by a school-based cross-sectional study design in Jimma town from 1/1/2019 to 1/2/2019, southwest Ethiopia. A multistage sampling technique was used to select the study participants. A portable battery-operated HemoCue Hb 301+ analyzer was used to measure the hemoglobin level, and then reading was classified as normal Hb ≥ 12 g\dl and anemic if the hemoglobin value <12 g/dl based on the WHO 2011 recommended cutoff points after adjustments to altitude was made. Bivariate analysis at p value ≤0.25 was considered as a candidate for multivariable logistic regression. Multivariable logistic regression was done to control for confounders and to identify factors independently associated with anemia. Level of statistical significance was declared at p < 0.05. Results A total of 528 adolescent girls were included in the study yielding a response rate of 95.8%. The prevalence of anemia was found to be 26.7%, 95% CI (22.7, 30.50). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, those living separately from their family (AOR = 4.430, 95% CI (2.20, 8.90)), low dietary diversity score (AOR = 3.57, 95% CI (1.88, 6.75)), menstrual bleeding more than 5 days (AOR = 2.25, 95% CI (1.17, 4.33)), and low economic status (AOR = 2.16, 95% CI (1.17, 4.33)) were positively associated factors with anemia and only having at least a secondary school in mother's educational status AOR = 0.43, 95% CI (0.18, 0.97) was negatively associated with anemia in the study area. Conclusion Prevalence of anemia among school adolescent girls was moderate public health importance according to the World Health Organization prevalence estimation of anemia. The living condition of the adolescent girls, dietary diversity score, duration of menses, and low economic status were positive predictor variables, whereas mothers who are being secondary school and above was a protective factor for anemia. Therefore, iron-rich and diversified food consumption should be given attention.
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Tura MR, Egata G, Fage SG, Roba KT. Prevalence of Anemia and Its Associated Factors Among Female Adolescents in Ambo Town, West Shewa, Ethiopia. J Blood Med 2020; 11:279-287. [PMID: 32982526 PMCID: PMC7494400 DOI: 10.2147/jbm.s263327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study assessed the prevalence of anemia among female adolescents and factors associated with it in Ambo town, West Shewa, Ethiopia. Materials and Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 523 randomly selected female adolescents living in Ambo town, Ethiopia from August 5–29, 2018. Data were collected through structured interview using a structured questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements were done and the hemoglobin value was measured on the field and adjusted for the altitude. Logistic regression analysis was done to identify predictors of anemia. Level of statistical significance was declared at P<0.05. Results In this study, 39% (95% CI= 34.8–43%) participants were anemic, of which 63 (30.9%) and 46 (22.5%) female adolescents were stunted and wasted, respectively. Anemia was considerably high among female adolescents with high dietary diversity score. Adolescents born to mothers who were unable to read and write (AOR= 3.27; 95% CI=1.79–5.97), who always take tea and/or coffee within 30 minutes after meal (AOR= 6.19; 95% CI=3.32–11.48), who were wasted (AOR=1.67; 95% CI=1.11–2.52), and who had already attained their menses (AOR=1.93; 95% CI=1.19–3.13) were more likely to be anemic compared to their counterparts. Conclusion Nearly four in ten female adolescents in the study setting were anemic. Anemia among female adolescents was a moderate public health problem. Adolescents born to mothers who were unable to read and write, who consumed tea/coffee within 30 minutes after a meal, who were wasted, and who had already attained menses should be prioritized for interventions aiming at addressing iron-deficiency anemia in female adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meseret Robi Tura
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia
| | - Gudina Egata
- School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Sagni Girma Fage
- School of Nursing & Midwifery, College of Health & Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Kedir Teji Roba
- School of Nursing & Midwifery, College of Health & Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
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Tuta-Quintero E, Martínez-Lozano J, Briceño-Balcázar I, Salas-Damiani C, Gómez-Gutiérrez A, Cuevas-Marín R. Una mirada histórica a la menstruación a través de una receta médica del siglo xix en el Nuevo Reino de Granada. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN GINECOLOGIA Y OBSTETRICIA 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gine.2020.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Shaban L, Al-Taiar A, Rahman A, Al-Sabah R, Mojiminiyi O. Anemia and its associated factors among Adolescents in Kuwait. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5857. [PMID: 32246050 PMCID: PMC7125127 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60816-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We estimated the prevalence of anemia among school children and investigated factors associated with this problem in Kuwait. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1415 adolescents randomly selected from middle schools in Kuwait. Hemoglobin, iron, ferritin, folate and vitamin B12, in addition to many other laboratory indicators, were measured in a venous blood sample. Data on risk factors for anemia were collected from parents and adolescents. Multiple logistic regression was used to investigate factors associated with anemia. The prevalence of anemia was 8.06% (95% CI: 6.69-9.60%), which was significantly higher among females compared to males (10.96% vs. 5.04%; p < 0.001). Mean (SD) Hb level was 133.7 (9.89) g/L and 130.00 (10.48) g/L among males and females, respectively (p < 0.001). The prevalence of mild, moderate and severe anemia was 5.94%, 1.91% and 0.21%, respectively. Gender, age, iron concentration and ferritin were associated with anemia in multivariable analysis. These data indicate that anemia among school children in Kuwait is of mild public health significance. Further reduction in anemia in school girls should focus on correcting iron deficiency. Surveillance systems for anemia may consider using a cut-off point that is specific for the method of blood sampling and the method of Hb measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lemia Shaban
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Life Sciences, Kuwait University, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Abdullah Al-Taiar
- School of Community & Environmental Health, College of Health Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA
| | - Abdur Rahman
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Life Sciences, Kuwait University, Kuwait, Kuwait.
| | - Reem Al-Sabah
- Department of Community Medicine and Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Olusegun Mojiminiyi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait, Kuwait
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An Analysis of Societal Determinant of Anemia among Adolescent Girls in Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. Anemia 2020; 2020:1628357. [PMID: 32047664 PMCID: PMC7007924 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1628357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Societal determinants of health are of recognized importance for understanding the causal association of society and health of an individual. Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a challenging public health problem across the globe instigating from a broader sociocultural background. It is more prevalent among pregnant women, children under the age of five years, and adolescent girls. Adolescent girls are vulnerable to develop IDA because of additional nutritional demand of the body needed for growth spurt, blood loss due to onset of menarche, malnourishment, and poor dietary iron intake. In this study, we explore the societal determinants of anemia among adolescent girls in Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK), Pakistan. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Muzaffarabad division of AJK on randomly selected 626 adolescent girls. The data were collected using a pretested self-administered interview schedule comprising mainly closed-ended questions with a few open-ended questions. Descriptive statistics was computed for describing the data, and bivariate regression and logistic regression were used to determine the association of anemia with its societal determinants. Multiple linear regression is used to determine the relationship of different determinants (independent variables) with the hemoglobin level (dependent variable) of the respondents. The prevalence of anemia among adolescent girls is 47.9%, of which 47.7% have mild anemia, 51.7% have moderate anemia, and 5.7% have severe anemia, which reveals that anemia is a severe public health problem among adolescent girls in the study area. The findings aver that anemia occurrence was significantly associated with the respondent's and her parental education, economic well-being, prevalence of communicable diseases, menstrual disorder, exercise habits, meals regularity, and type of sewerage system.
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Compliance with Weekly Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation and Its Associated Factors among Adolescent Girls in Tamale Metropolis of Ghana. J Nutr Metab 2019; 2019:8242896. [PMID: 31885910 PMCID: PMC6927017 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8242896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In Ghana, anaemia is a severe public health problem among adolescent girls. In an attempt to deal with this phenomenon, Ghana Ministry of Health in collaboration with other development partners developed and launched weekly iron and folic acid supplementation program for adolescent girls in Ghanaian junior high schools. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to determine the level of compliance with iron and folic acid supplementation (IFAS) and its associated factors among adolescent girls in the Tamale Metropolis of Ghana. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 424 randomly sampled adolescent girls in the Tamale Metropolis of Ghana from April to July 2019 using an interviewer-administered structured questionnaire. Twenty school health coordinators were purposively selected to answer questions on the challenges they face in implementing the IFAS program at the school level. Bivariate logistic regression and multivariate logistic regression were used to determine associations and strength of associations, respectively, at a significant threshold of p < 0.05. Results Compliance with the IFAS was low (26.2%). Adolescent girls who were aware of anaemia (AOR = 3.57 (95% CI: 1.96, 6.51) p < 0.01), had good knowledge of anaemia (AOR = 1.82 (95% CI: 1.17, 2.81) p=0.01), and had good knowledge of the IFAS program (AOR = 2.29 (95% CI: 1.47, 3.57) p < 0.01) were significantly associated with compliance with the IFAS. The majority (60%) of the adolescent girls have ever missed taking the iron and folic acid (IFA) tablet because it was not issued to them by the teacher's concern while about 48.3% (169) of the adolescent girls are taking the tablet because it prevents anaemia. Adolescent girls perceiving the tablet as family planning medicine (88.8%) and unavailability of water in classrooms (18.8%) were cited as the major challenges by school health coordinators. Conclusion Compliance with the IFAS among adolescent girls was low. Level of education and occupation of mothers of adolescent girls, awareness on anaemia, and good knowledge of anaemia and of the IFAS program were significant predictors of compliance with the IFAS. Educating the adolescent girls on anaemia and benefits of the IFAS, constant supply of the IFA tablet, and engaging parents of the adolescent girls on the program will help improve the compliance level of the adolescent girls with the IFAS.
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