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Shafiee A, Sun J, Ahmed IA, Phua F, Rossi GR, Lin CY, Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes F, Wolvetang EJ, Brown J, Khosrotehrani K. Development of Physiologically Relevant Skin Organoids from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2304879. [PMID: 38044307 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
The development of skin organs for studying developmental pathways, modeling diseases, or regenerative medicine purposes is a major endeavor in the field. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are successfully used to derive skin cells, but the field is still far from meeting the goal of creating skin containing appendages, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. Here, the goal is to generate skin organoids (SKOs) from human skin fibroblast or placental CD34+ cell-derived hiPSCs. With all three hiPSC lines, complex SKOs with stratified skin layers and pigmented hair follicles are generated with different efficacies. In addition, the hiPSC-derived SKOs develop sebaceous glands, touch-receptive Merkel cells, and more importantly eccrine sweat glands. Together, physiologically relevant skin organoids are developed by direct induction of embryoid body formation, along with simultaneous inactivation of transforming growth factor beta signaling, activation of fibroblast growth factor signaling, and inhibition of bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathways. The skin organoids created in this study can be used as valuable platforms for further research into human skin development, disease modeling, or reconstructive surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Shafiee
- Herston Biofabrication Institute, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Jane Sun
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Imaan A Ahmed
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Felicia Phua
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Gustavo R Rossi
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Cheng-Yu Lin
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | | | - Ernst J Wolvetang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Jason Brown
- Herston Biofabrication Institute, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia
| | - Kiarash Khosrotehrani
- Herston Biofabrication Institute, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
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Kondej K, Zawrzykraj M, Czerwiec K, Deptuła M, Tymińska A, Pikuła M. Bioengineering Skin Substitutes for Wound Management-Perspectives and Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3702. [PMID: 38612513 PMCID: PMC11011330 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-healing wounds and skin losses constitute significant challenges for modern medicine and pharmacology. Conventional methods of wound treatment are effective in basic healthcare; however, they are insufficient in managing chronic wound and large skin defects, so novel, alternative methods of therapy are sought. Among the potentially innovative procedures, the use of skin substitutes may be a promising therapeutic method. Skin substitutes are a heterogeneous group of materials that are used to heal and close wounds and temporarily or permanently fulfill the functions of the skin. Classification can be based on the structure or type (biological and synthetic). Simple constructs (class I) have been widely researched over the years, and can be used in burns and ulcers. More complex substitutes (class II and III) are still studied, but these may be utilized in patients with deep skin defects. In addition, 3D bioprinting is a rapidly developing method used to create advanced skin constructs and their appendages. The aforementioned therapies represent an opportunity for treating patients with diabetic foot ulcers or deep skin burns. Despite these significant developments, further clinical trials are needed to allow the use skin substitutes in the personalized treatment of chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Kondej
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Zawrzykraj
- Department of Clinical Anatomy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (M.Z.); (K.C.)
| | - Katarzyna Czerwiec
- Department of Clinical Anatomy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (M.Z.); (K.C.)
| | - Milena Deptuła
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Embryology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (M.D.); (A.T.)
| | - Agata Tymińska
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Embryology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (M.D.); (A.T.)
| | - Michał Pikuła
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Embryology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (M.D.); (A.T.)
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Gao C, Lu C, Liu H, Zhang Y, Qiao H, Jin A, Dai Q, Liu Y. Biofabrication of biomimetic undulating microtopography at the dermal-epidermal junction and its effects on the growth and differentiation of epidermal cells. Biofabrication 2024; 16:025018. [PMID: 38306682 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad2536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
The undulating microtopography located at the junction of the dermis and epidermis of the native skin is called rete ridges (RRs), which plays an important role in enhancing keratinocyte function, improving skin structure and stability, and providing three-dimensional (3D) microenvironment for skin cells. Despite some progress in recent years, most currently designed and manufactured tissue-engineered skin models still cannot replicate the RRs, resulting in a lack of biological signals in the manufactured skin models. In this study, a composite manufacturing method including electrospinning, 3D printing, and functional coating was developed to produce the epidermal models with RRs. Polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers were firstly electrospun to mimic the extracellular matrix environment and be responsible for cell attachment. PCL microfibers were then printed onto top of the PCL nanofibers layer by 3D printing to quickly prepare undulating microtopography and finally the entire structures were dip-coated with gelatin hydrogel to form a functional coating layer. The morphology, chemical composition, and structural properties of the fabricated models were studied. The results proved that the multi-process composite fabricated models were suitable for skin tissue engineering. Live and dead staining, cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) as well as histology (haematoxylin and eosin (HE) methodology) and immunofluorescence (primary and secondary antibodies combination assay) were used to investigate the viability, metabolic activity, and differentiation of skin cells forin vitroculturing.In vitroresults showed that each model had high cell viability, good proliferation, and the expression of differentiation marker. It was worth noting that the sizes of the RRs affected the cell growth status of the epidermal models. In addition, the unique undulation characteristics of the epidermal-dermal junction can be reproduced in the developed epidermal models. Overall, thesein vitrohuman epidermal models can provide valuable reference for skin transplantation, screening and safety evaluation of drugs and cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Gao
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunxiang Lu
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Huazhen Liu
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Qiao
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Aoxiang Jin
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiqi Dai
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
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Li F, Gao C, Song G, Zhang K, Huang G, Liu H. Human Placenta-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Combined With Artificial Dermal Scaffold Enhance Wound Healing in a Tendon-Exposed Wound of a Rabbit Model. Cell Transplant 2024; 33:9636897241228922. [PMID: 38334047 PMCID: PMC10858670 DOI: 10.1177/09636897241228922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
To overcome the difficulty of vascular regeneration in exposed tendon wounds, we combined human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hPMSCs) with an artificial dermal scaffold and assessed their role in promoting vascular regeneration and wound healing in vivo. hPMSCs were isolated from the human placenta and characterized based on their morphology, phenotypic profiles, and pluripotency. New Zealand rabbits were used to establish an exposed tendon wound model, and hPMSCs and artificial dermal scaffolds were transplanted into the wounds. The results of gross wound observations and pathological sections showed that hPMSCs combined with artificial dermal scaffold transplantation increased the vascularization area of the wound, promoted wound healing, and increased the survival rate of autologous skin transplantation. Following artificial dermal scaffold transplantation, hPMSCs accelerated the vascularization of the dermal scaffold, and the number of fibroblasts, collagen fibers, and neovascularization in the dermal scaffold after 1 week were much higher than those in the control group. Immunohistochemical staining further confirmed that the expression of the vascular endothelial cell marker, CD31, was significantly higher in the combined transplantation group than in the dermal scaffold transplantation group. Our findings demonstrated that hPMSCs seeded onto artificial dermal scaffold could facilitate vascularization of the dermal scaffold and improve tendon-exposed wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Li
- Cell Therapy Center, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Cong Gao
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Guodong Song
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Cell Therapy Center, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Guobao Huang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Cell Therapy Center, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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Parikh SD, Wang W, Nelson MT, Sulentic CEW, Mukhopadhyay SM. Bioinspired Hierarchical Carbon Structures as Potential Scaffolds for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13111791. [PMID: 37299693 DOI: 10.3390/nano13111791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Engineered bio-scaffolds for wound healing provide an attractive treatment option for tissue engineering and traumatic skin injuries since they can reduce dependence on donors and promote faster repair through strategic surface engineering. Current scaffolds present limitations in handling, preparation, shelf life, and sterilization options. In this study, bio-inspired hierarchical all-carbon structures comprising carbon nanotube (CNT) carpets covalently bonded to flexible carbon fabric have been investigated as a platform for cell growth and future tissue regeneration applications. CNTs are known to provide guidance for cell growth, but loose CNTs are susceptible to intracellular uptake and are suspected to cause in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity. This risk is suppressed in these materials due to the covalent attachment of CNTs on a larger fabric, and the synergistic benefits of nanoscale and micro-macro scale architectures, as seen in natural biological materials, can be obtained. The structural durability, biocompatibility, tunable surface architecture, and ultra-high specific surface area of these materials make them attractive candidates for wound healing. In this study, investigations of cytotoxicity, skin cell proliferation, and cell migration were performed, and results indicate promise in both biocompatibility and directed cell growth. Moreover, these scaffolds provided cytoprotection against environmental stressors such as Ultraviolet B (UVB) rays. It was seen that cell growth could also be tailored through the control of CNT carpet height and surface wettability. These results support future promise in the design of hierarchical carbon scaffolds for strategic wound healing and tissue regeneration applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soham D Parikh
- Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, Wright State University, 3640 Col. Glen Hwy, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Wenhu Wang
- Frontier Institute for Research in Sensor Technologies (FIRST), University of Maine, United States Air Force Research Laboratory, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - M Tyler Nelson
- 711th Human Performance Wing, Airman Systems Directorate, Bioengineering Division, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH 45433, USA
| | - Courtney E W Sulentic
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University, Boonshoft School of Medicine, 3640 Col. Glen Hwy, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Sharmila M Mukhopadhyay
- Frontier Institute for Research in Sensor Technologies (FIRST), University of Maine, United States Air Force Research Laboratory, Orono, ME 04469, USA
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Zhu W, Dong C. Poly-L-Lactic acid increases collagen gene expression and synthesis in cultured dermal fibroblast (Hs68) through the TGF-β/Smad pathway. J Cosmet Dermatol 2023; 22:1213-1219. [PMID: 36575891 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Poly-L-Lactic Acid (PLLA) is a synthetic polymer which possesses biocompatible and biodegradable properties, and is widely used in the clinical filler material. This study focuses on the potential role of PLLA on the collagen production of dermal fibroblasts and its mechanism. METHODS The dermal fibroblast Hs60 was treated with different concentration of PLLA. RT-qPCR was conducted for the determination of mRNA levels of collagen type I (COL1) alpha 1 (COL1A1), COL1 alpha 2 (COL1A2), elastin, matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1), and TIMP-2. Procollagen Type I C-peptide (PIP) enzyme immunoassay (EIA) Kit assay was carried out to analyze procollagen production. Western Blot was employed to examine the effect of PLLA and transforming frown factor (TGF-β) receptor-specific inhibitor (SB431542) on protein levels of COL1A1 and TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway related proteins. RESULTS With the increase of PLLA concentration, the production of procollagen gradually increased, and both protein and mRNA levels of COL1A1 and COL1A2 gradually increased (p < 0.001). Elevated PLLA concentrations increased elastin, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 levels and attenuated MMP-1 expression. PLLA increased TGF-β levels in a dose-dependently manner. p-Smad2 and p-Smad3 protein levels were also increased by PLLA, but the influences were reversed by SB431542 (p < 0.001). Similarly, increased levels of COL1A1, COL1A2, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 caused by PLLA were significantly inhibited by SB431542, whereas MMP-1 was typically elevated (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Poly-L-Lactic Acid promotes the collagen production of dermal fibroblasts by activating the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. The findings may lay a foundation for clinical material applications of PLLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Zhu
- Department of Medical Cosmetic Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Chengzhi Dong
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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Enhanced Wound Healing Potential of Spirulina platensis Nanophytosomes: Metabolomic Profiling, Molecular Networking, and Modulation of HMGB-1 in an Excisional Wound Rat Model. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21030149. [PMID: 36976198 PMCID: PMC10051127 DOI: 10.3390/md21030149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Excisional wounds are considered one of the most common physical injuries. This study aims to test the effect of a nanophytosomal formulation loaded with a dried hydroalcoholic extract of S. platensis on promoting excisional wound healing. The Spirulina platensis nanophytosomal formulation (SPNP) containing 100 mg PC and 50 mg CH exhibited optimum physicochemical characteristics regarding particle size (598.40 ± 9.68 nm), zeta potential (−19.8 ± 0.49 mV), entrapment efficiency (62.76 ± 1.75%), and Q6h (74.00 ± 1.90%). It was selected to prepare an HPMC gel (SPNP-gel). Through metabolomic profiling of the algal extract, thirteen compounds were identified. Molecular docking of the identified compounds on the active site of the HMGB-1 protein revealed that 12,13-DiHome had the highest docking score of −7.130 kcal/mol. SPNP-gel showed higher wound closure potential and enhanced histopathological alterations as compared to standard (MEBO® ointment) and S. platensis gel in wounded Sprague-Dawley rats. Collectively, NPS promoted the wound healing process by enhancing the autophagy process (LC3B/Beclin-1) and the NRF-2/HO-1antioxidant pathway and halting the inflammatory (TNF-, NF-κB, TlR-4 and VEGF), apoptotic processes (AIF, Caspase-3), and the downregulation of HGMB-1 protein expression. The present study’s findings suggest that the topical application of SPNP-gel possesses a potential therapeutic effect in excisional wound healing, chiefly by downregulating HGMB-1 protein expression.
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Luo H, Wang Z, Qi F, Wang D. Applications of human amniotic fluid stem cells in wound healing. Chin Med J (Engl) 2022; 135:2272-2281. [PMID: 36535008 PMCID: PMC9771343 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Complete wound regeneration preserves skin structure and physiological functions, including sensation and perception of stimuli, whereas incomplete wound regeneration results in fibrosis and scarring. Amniotic fluid stem cells (AFSCs) would be a kind of cell population with self-renewing and non-immunogenic ability that have a considerable role in wound generation. They are easy to harvest, culture, and store; moreover, they are non-tumorigenic and not subject to ethical restrictions. They can differentiate into different kinds of cells that replenish the skin, subcutaneous tissues, and accessory organs. Additionally, AFSCs independently produce paracrine effectors and secrete them in exosomes, thereby modulating local immune cell activity. They demonstrate anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, regulate the physicochemical microenvironment of the wound, and promote full wound regeneration. Thus, AFSCs are potential resources in stem cell therapy, especially in scar-free wound healing. This review describes the biological characteristics and clinical applications of AFSCs in treating wounds and provide new ideas for the treatment of wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Luo
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyl Medical University, Zunyl, Guizhou 563003, China
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns, Fuling Central Hospital, Chongqing 408000, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyl Medical University, Zunyl, Guizhou 563003, China
| | - Fang Qi
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyl Medical University, Zunyl, Guizhou 563003, China
| | - Dali Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyl Medical University, Zunyl, Guizhou 563003, China
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Palanisamy CP, Cui B, Zhang H, Gunasekaran VP, Ariyo AL, Jayaraman S, Rajagopal P, Long Q. A critical review on starch-based electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds for wound healing application. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:1852-1860. [PMID: 36195229 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Starch-based nanofibrous scaffolds exhibit a potential wound healing processes as they are cost-effective, flexible, and biocompatible. Recently, natural polymers have received greater importance in regenerative medicine, mainly in the process of healing wounds and burns due to their unique properties which also include safety, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. In this respect, starch is considered to be one of the reliable natural polymers to promote the process of wound healing at a significantly faster rate. Starch and starch-based electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds have been used for the wound healing process which includes the process of adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, and regeneration of cells. It also possesses significant activity to encapsulate and deliver biomaterials at a specific site which persuades the wound healing process at an increased rate. As the aforementioned scaffolds mimic the native extracellular matrix more closely, may help in the acceleration of wound closure, which in turn may lead to the promotion of tissue reorganization and remodeling. In-depth knowledge in understanding the properties of nanofibrous scaffolds paves a way to unfold novel methods and therapies, also to overcome challenges associated with wound healing. This review is intended to provide comprehensive information and recent advances in starch-based electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds for wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chella Perumal Palanisamy
- Mini-invasive Neurosurgery and Translational Medical Center, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 161, West 5th Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an 710003, China
| | - Bo Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China
| | | | - Adeniran Lateef Ariyo
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, FCT, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600 077, India
| | - Ponnulakshmi Rajagopal
- Central Research Laboratory, Meenakhsi Academy of Higher Education and Research, West K.K. Nagar, Chennai 600 078, India
| | - Qianfa Long
- Mini-invasive Neurosurgery and Translational Medical Center, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 161, West 5th Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an 710003, China.
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Shokrani H, Shokrani A, Sajadi SM, Khodadadi Yazdi M, Seidi F, Jouyandeh M, Zarrintaj P, Kar S, Kim SJ, Kuang T, Rabiee N, Hejna A, Saeb MR, Ramakrishna S. Polysaccharide-based nanocomposites for biomedical applications: a critical review. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2022; 7:1136-1160. [PMID: 35881463 DOI: 10.1039/d2nh00214k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharides (PSA) have taken specific position among biomaterials for advanced applications in medicine. Nevertheless, poor mechanical properties are known as the main drawback of PSA, which highlights the need for PSA modification. Nanocomposites PSA (NPSA) are a class of biomaterials widely used as biomedical platforms, but despite their importance and worldwide use, they have not been reviewed. Herein, we critically reviewed the application of NPSA by categorizing them into generic and advanced application realms. First, the application of NPSA as drug and gene delivery systems, along with their role in the field as an antibacterial platform and hemostasis agent is discussed. Then, applications of NPSA for skin, bone, nerve, and cartilage tissue engineering are highlighted, followed by cell encapsulation and more critically cancer diagnosis and treatment potentials. In particular, three features of investigations are devoted to cancer therapy, i.e., radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and photothermal therapy, are comprehensively reviewed and discussed. Since this field is at an early stage of maturity, some other aspects such as bioimaging and biosensing are reviewed in order to give an idea of potential applications of NPSA for future developments, providing support for clinical applications. It is well-documented that using nanoparticles/nanomaterials above a critical concentration brings about concerns of toxicity; thus, their effect on cellular interactions would become critical. We compared nanoparticles used in the fabrication of NPSA in terms of toxicity mechanism to shed more light on future challenging aspects of NPSA development. Indeed, the neutralization mechanisms underlying the cytotoxicity of nanomaterials, which are expected to be induced by PSA introduction, should be taken into account for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Shokrani
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, 210037 Nanjing, China.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Shokrani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Ave., Tehran, Iran
| | - S Mohammad Sajadi
- Department of Nutrition, Cihan University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, 625, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Mohsen Khodadadi Yazdi
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Seidi
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, 210037 Nanjing, China.
| | - Maryam Jouyandeh
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Payam Zarrintaj
- School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, 420 Engineering North, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Saptarshi Kar
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Kuwait
| | - Seok-Jhin Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Tairong Kuang
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Navid Rabiee
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, 2109, Australia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, South Korea
| | - Alexander Hejna
- Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Mohammad Reza Saeb
- Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge, Crescent 119260, Singapore.
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Gao C, Lu C, Qiao H, Zhang Y, Liu H, Jian Z, Guo Z, Liu Y. Strategies for vascularized skin models in vitro. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:4724-4739. [PMID: 35861381 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00784c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
As the largest organ of the human body, the skin has a complex multi-layered structure. The composition of the skin includes cells, extracellular matrix (ECM), vascular networks, and other appendages. Because of the shortage of donor sites, skin substitutes are of great significance in the field of skin tissue repair. Moreover, skin models for disease research, drug screening, and cosmetic testing fall far short of the demand. Skin tissue engineering has made remarkable progress in developing skin models over the years. However, there are still several problems to be resolved. One of the crucial aspects is the lack of vascular systems for nutrient transport and waste disposal. Here, we will focus on the discussion and analysis of advanced manufacturing strategies for prevascularized skin, such as a scaffold-based method, cell coating technology, cell sheet engineering, skin-on-a-chip, and three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting. These key challenges, which restrict the prevascularized skin and provide perspectives on future directions will also be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Gao
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Chunxiang Lu
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Hao Qiao
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Huazhen Liu
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Zhian Jian
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Zilong Guo
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China. .,Wenzhou Institute of Shanghai University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
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12
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Kaur G, Narayanan G, Garg D, Sachdev A, Matai I. Biomaterials-Based Regenerative Strategies for Skin Tissue Wound Healing. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:2069-2106. [PMID: 35451829 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Skin tissue wound healing proceeds through four major stages, including hematoma formation, inflammation, and neo-tissue formation, and culminates with tissue remodeling. These four steps significantly overlap with each other and are aided by various factors such as cells, cytokines (both anti- and pro-inflammatory), and growth factors that aid in the neo-tissue formation. In all these stages, advanced biomaterials provide several functional advantages, such as removing wound exudates, providing cover, transporting oxygen to the wound site, and preventing infection from microbes. In addition, advanced biomaterials serve as vehicles to carry proteins/drug molecules/growth factors and/or antimicrobial agents to the target wound site. In this review, we report recent advancements in biomaterials-based regenerative strategies that augment the skin tissue wound healing process. In conjunction with other medical sciences, designing nanoengineered biomaterials is gaining significant attention for providing numerous functionalities to trigger wound repair. In this regard, we highlight the advent of nanomaterial-based constructs for wound healing, especially those that are being evaluated in clinical settings. Herein, we also emphasize the competence and versatility of the three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technique for advanced wound management. Finally, we discuss the challenges and clinical perspective of various biomaterial-based wound dressings, along with prospective future directions. With regenerative strategies that utilize a cocktail of cell sources, antimicrobial agents, drugs, and/or growth factors, it is expected that significant patient-specific strategies will be developed in the near future, resulting in complete wound healing with no scar tissue formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurvinder Kaur
- Materials Science and Sensor Applications, Central Scientific Instruments Organization, Chandigarh 160030, India
| | - Ganesh Narayanan
- Fiber and Polymer Science Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Deepa Garg
- Materials Science and Sensor Applications, Central Scientific Instruments Organization, Chandigarh 160030, India
| | - Abhay Sachdev
- Materials Science and Sensor Applications, Central Scientific Instruments Organization, Chandigarh 160030, India
| | - Ishita Matai
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Amity University Punjab, Mohali 140306, India
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13
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Ahmed R, Augustine R, Chaudhry M, Akhtar UA, Zahid AA, Tariq M, Falahati M, Ahmad IS, Hasan A. Nitric oxide-releasing biomaterials for promoting wound healing in impaired diabetic wounds: State of the art and recent trends. Pharmacotherapy 2022; 149:112707. [PMID: 35303565 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Impaired diabetic wounds are serious pathophysiological complications associated with persistent microbial infections including failure in the closure of wounds, and the cause of a high frequency of lower limb amputations. The healing of diabetic wounds is attenuated due to the lack of secretion of growth factors, prolonged inflammation, and/or inhibition of angiogenic activity. Diabetic wound healing can be enhanced by supplying nitric oxide (NO) endogenously or exogenously. NO produced inside the cells by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) naturally aids wound healing through its beneficial vasculogenic effects. However, during hyperglycemia, the activity of eNOS is affected, and thus there becomes an utmost need for the topical supply of NO from exogenous sources. Thus, NO-donors that can release NO are loaded into wound healing patches or wound coverage matrices to treat diabetic wounds. The burst release of NO from its donors is prevented by encapsulating them in polymeric hydrogels or nanoparticles for supplying NO for an extended duration of time to the diabetic wounds. In this article, we review the etiology of diabetic wounds, wound healing strategies, and the role of NO in the wound healing process. We further discuss the challenges faced in translating NO-donors as a clinically viable nanomedicine strategy for the treatment of diabetic wounds with a focus on the use of biomaterials for the encapsulation and in vivo controlled delivery of NO-donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashid Ahmed
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar; Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur 10250, AJK, Pakistan; Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Robin Augustine
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maryam Chaudhry
- Department of Continuing Education, University of Oxford, OX1 2JD Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Usman A Akhtar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Alap Ali Zahid
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Muhammad Tariq
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur 10250, AJK, Pakistan
| | - Mojtaba Falahati
- Nanomedicine Innovation Center Erasmus (NICE), Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Irfan S Ahmad
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, IL, USA; Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, IL, USA; Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
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14
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Mathew NT, Mathachan SR. Application and future prospects of additive manufacturing in dermatology. Clin Exp Dermatol 2022; 47:1222-1224. [PMID: 35274346 DOI: 10.1111/ced.15129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The article discusses the additive manufacturing/3D printing of human skin for advanced applications. Even though this is still in its infancy, additive manufacturing has the potential to revolutionize the field of dermatology and cosmetology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nithin Tom Mathew
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, India
| | - Sinu Rose Mathachan
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
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15
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Ramakrishnan R, Venkiteswaran K, Sreelatha HV, Lekshman A, Arumugham S, KalliyanaKrishnan L. Assembly of skin substitute by cross-linking natural biomaterials on synthetic biodegradable porous mat for critical-size full-thickness burn wound regeneration. Biomed Mater 2022; 17. [PMID: 35168228 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac5573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human skin architecture comprises several interpenetrating macromolecules seen as organized extracellular matrix (ECM). For regeneration of critical-size acute and chronic wounds, substituting the damaged tissue with artificially assembled biomolecules offer an interactivemilieu. This study reports development and preclinical evaluation of a biodegradable and immuno-compatible scaffold for regeneration of critical-size (4 × 4 cm2) full-thickness rabbit burn wounds. The designed wound care product comprises synthetic terpolymer poly(L-Lactide-co-Glycolide-co-Caprolactone) (PLGC), human clinical-grade fibrin (FIB), and hyaluronic acid (HA), termed as PLGCFIBHA. Here, clotting of fibrinogen concentrate (FC) with excess thrombin in the scaffold create an interpenetrating FIB network harnessed with adhesive molecules like fibronectin and laminin present in FC with exogenous HA to produce ECM-likemilieuon porous PLGC. Penetrating into porous PLGCFIBHA, long term study showed a regulated fibroblast growth resulting in non-fibrotic dermal-like tissuein vitro. The freeze-dried PLGCFIBHA with residual thrombin facilitated suture-less, hemostatic matrix adhesion to the wound bedin vivo. By 28 d, mature and scar-less epidermis-dermis formation with skin appendages was evident in the PLGCFIBHA-treated wound area. Both negative (untreated/sham) and positive (commercial matrix-treated) control wounds showed incomplete regeneration. The PLGCFIBHA-treated wounds were comparable to native skin by 56 d. These regenerative outcomes upon single application of PLGCFIBHA confirms its potential translational value for wound care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Ramakrishnan
- Division of Thrombosis Research, Department of Applied Biology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (SCTIMST), Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695012, India
| | - KalliyanaKrishnan Venkiteswaran
- Division of Dental Products, Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (SCTIMST), Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695012, India
| | - Harikrishnan Vijayakumar Sreelatha
- Division of Laboratory Animal Science, Department of Applied Biology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (SCTIMST), Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695012, India
| | - Aishwarya Lekshman
- Division of Laboratory Animal Science, Department of Applied Biology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (SCTIMST), Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695012, India
| | - Sabareeswaran Arumugham
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Applied Biology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (SCTIMST), Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695012, India
| | - Lissy KalliyanaKrishnan
- Division of Thrombosis Research, Department of Applied Biology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (SCTIMST), Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695012, India
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16
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Tissue engineering in dermatology - from lab to market. Tissue Cell 2022; 74:101717. [PMID: 34973574 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Tissue Engineering is a branch of regenerative medical technology which helps replace damaged tissue using appropriate scaffolding, living cells, and growth factors. Using tissue engineering products can be a promising method for treating skin lesions such as wounds and deep burns. The interaction and interconnection of cells within the bio-culture medium or within a three-dimensional scaffold provides the conditions for tissue regeneration and subsequent healing of skin wounds. Tissue engineering in the field of dermatology has evolved over time from a single application of skin cells or biopolymer scaffolds to the use of cell and scaffold combinations for the treatment, repair, and closure of acute and chronic skin wounds. It has evolved. This technology has reached a point where most products are accepted, and the body rejects a small number, which strengthens the tissue engineering market. In this article, we aimed to review and study the market of this field by reviewing various articles on tissue engineering in the field of dermatology. Tissue-engineered skin substitutes are future options for wound healing and tissue regeneration strategies.
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17
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Burn Wound Healing: Clinical Complications, Medical Care, Treatment, and Dressing Types: The Current State of Knowledge for Clinical Practice. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031338. [PMID: 35162360 PMCID: PMC8834952 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), it is estimated that each year approximately 11 million people suffer from burn wounds, 180,000 of whom die because of such injuries. Regardless of the factors causing burns, these are complicated wounds that are difficult to heal and are associated with high mortality rates. Medical care of a burn patient requires a lot of commitment, experience, and multidirectional management, including surgical activities and widely understood pharmacological approaches. This paper aims to comprehensively review the current literature concerning burn wounds, including classification of burns, complications, medical care, and pharmacological treatment. We also overviewed the dressings (with an emphasis on the newest innovations in this field) that are currently used in medical practice to heal wounds.
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18
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Chang P, Li S, Sun Q, Guo K, Wang H, Li S, Zhang L, Xie Y, Zheng X, Liu Y. Large full-thickness wounded skin regeneration using 3D-printed elastic scaffold with minimal functional unit of skin. J Tissue Eng 2022; 13:20417314211063022. [PMID: 35024135 PMCID: PMC8744076 DOI: 10.1177/20417314211063022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional tissue engineering skin are composed of living cells and natural or synthetic scaffold. Besize the time delay and the risk of contamination involved with cell culture, the lack of autologous cell source and the persistence of allogeneic cells in heterologous grafts have limited its application. This study shows a novel tissue engineering functional skin by carrying minimal functional unit of skin (MFUS) in 3D-printed polylactide-co-caprolactone (PLCL) scaffold and collagen gel (PLCL + Col + MFUS). MFUS is full-layer micro skin harvested from rat autologous tail skin. 3D-printed PLCL elastic scaffold has the similar mechanical properties with rat skin which provides a suitable environment for MFUS growing and enhances the skin wound healing. Four large full-thickness skin defects with 30 mm diameter of each wound are created in rat dorsal skin, and treated either with tissue engineering functional skin (PLCL + Col + MFUS), or with 3D-printed PLCL scaffold and collagen gel (PLCL + Col), or with micro skin islands only (Micro skin), or without treatment (Normal healing). The wound treated with PLCL + Col + MFUS heales much faster than the other three groups as evidenced by the fibroblasts migration from fascia to the gap between the MFUS dermis layer, and functional skin with hair follicles and sebaceous gland has been regenerated. The PLCL + Col treated wound heals faster than normal healing wound, but no skin appendages formed in PLCL + Col-treated wound. The wound treated with micro skin islands heals slower than the wounds treated either with tissue engineering skin (PLCL + Col + MFUS) or with PLCL + Col gel. Our results provide a new strategy to use autologous MFUS instead "seed cells" as the bio-resource of engineering skin for large full-thickness skin wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shijie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Qian Sun
- Experimental Animal Center, General Hospital of Northern Center Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Kai Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Heran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Song Li
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Liming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Yongbao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiongfei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Yunhui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Medical Surgery and Rehabilitation Robot Engineering Research Center, Shenyang, China
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19
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du Rand A, Hunt JMT, Feisst V, Sheppard HM. Epidermolysis Bullosa: A Review of the Tissue-Engineered Skin Substitutes Used to Treat Wounds. Mol Diagn Ther 2022; 26:627-643. [PMID: 36251245 PMCID: PMC9626425 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-022-00613-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Skin wound healing is a crucial process for regenerating healthy skin and avoiding the undesired consequences associated with open skin wounds. For epidermolysis bullosa (EB), a debilitating group of fragile skin disorders currently without a cure, skin blistering can often be severe and heal poorly, increasing susceptibility to life-threatening complications. To prevent these, investigational therapies have been exploring the use of tissue-engineered skin substitutes (TESSs) aimed at replacing damaged skin and promoting long-term wound closure. These products have either been developed in house or commercially sourced and are composed of allogeneic or autologous human skin cells, often with some form of bioscaffolding. They can be broadly classified based on their cellular composition: keratinocytes (epidermal substitutes), fibroblasts (dermal substitutes) or a combination of both (composite substitutes). Encouraging long-term wound healing has been achieved with epidermal substitutes. However, these substitutes have not demonstrated the same efficacy for all patients, which may be due to the molecular heterogeneity observed between EB subtypes. Autologous composite TESSs, which more closely resemble native human skin, are therefore being investigated and may hold promise for treating an extended range of patients. Additionally, future TESSs for EB are focused on using gene-corrected patient skin cells, which have already demonstrated remarkable long-term wound healing capabilities. In this review, we provide an overview of the different TESSs that have been investigated in clinical studies to treat patients with EB, as well as their long-term wound healing results. Where available, we describe the methods used to develop these products to inform future efforts in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex du Rand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - John M. T. Hunt
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Vaughan Feisst
- The School of Biological Sciences (SBS), University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010 New Zealand
| | - Hilary M. Sheppard
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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20
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Garcia-Brand AJ, Morales MA, Hozman AS, Ramirez AC, Cruz LJ, Maranon A, Muñoz-Camargo C, Cruz JC, Porras A. Bioactive Poly(lactic acid)-Cocoa Bean Shell Composites for Biomaterial Formulation: Preparation and Preliminary In Vitro Characterization. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13213707. [PMID: 34771262 PMCID: PMC8587584 DOI: 10.3390/polym13213707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The unique lignocellulosic and solvent-extractive chemical constituents of most natural fibers are rich in natural polymers and bioactive molecules that can be exploited for biomaterial formulation. However, although natural fibers’ main constituents have been already incorporated as material reinforcement and improve surface bioactivity of polymeric materials, the use of the whole natural fibers as bioactive fillers remains largely unexplored. Thus, we put forward the formulation of natural fiber filling and functionalization of biomaterials by studying the chemical composition of cocoa bean shells (CBS) and proposing the fabrication and characterization of polylactic acid (PLA) and CBS-based composite by solvent-casting. As was expected from previous studies of agro-industrial wastes, the main components of CBS were to cellulose (42.23 wt.%), lignin (22.68 wt.%), hemicellulose (14.73 wt.%), and solvent extractives (14.42 wt.%). Structural analysis (FTIR) confirms the absence of covalent bonding between materials. Thermal degradation profiles (DSC and TGA) showed similar mass losses and thermal-reaction profiles for lignocellulosic-fibers-based composites. The mechanical behavior of the PLA/CBS composite shows a stiffer material behavior than the pristine material. The cell viability of Vero cells in the presence of the composites was above 94%, and the hemolytic tendency was below 5%, while platelet aggregation increased up to 40%. Antioxidant activity was confirmed with comparable 2,2-diphe-277 nyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) free-radical scavenging than Vitamin C even for PLA/CBS composite. Therefore, the present study elucidates the significant promise of CBS for bioactive functionalization in biomaterial-engineering, as the tested composite exhibited high biocompatibility and strong antioxidant activity and might induce angiogenic factors’ release. Moreover, we present an eco-friendly alternative to taking advantage of chocolate-industry by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres J. Garcia-Brand
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, CR 1 No. 18A-12, Bogota 111711, Colombia; (C.M.-C.); (J.C.C.)
- Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos (GDPP), Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, CR 1 No. 18A-12, Bogota 111711, Colombia; (M.A.M.); (A.S.H.); (A.C.R.); (L.J.C.)
- Correspondence: (A.J.G.-B.); (A.P.); Tel.: +57-1339-4949 (ext. 1775) (A.P.)
| | - Maria A. Morales
- Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos (GDPP), Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, CR 1 No. 18A-12, Bogota 111711, Colombia; (M.A.M.); (A.S.H.); (A.C.R.); (L.J.C.)
| | - Ana Sofia Hozman
- Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos (GDPP), Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, CR 1 No. 18A-12, Bogota 111711, Colombia; (M.A.M.); (A.S.H.); (A.C.R.); (L.J.C.)
| | - Andres C. Ramirez
- Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos (GDPP), Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, CR 1 No. 18A-12, Bogota 111711, Colombia; (M.A.M.); (A.S.H.); (A.C.R.); (L.J.C.)
| | - Luis J. Cruz
- Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos (GDPP), Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, CR 1 No. 18A-12, Bogota 111711, Colombia; (M.A.M.); (A.S.H.); (A.C.R.); (L.J.C.)
| | - Alejandro Maranon
- Structural Integrity Research Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, CR 1 No. 18A-12, Bogota 111711, Colombia;
| | - Carolina Muñoz-Camargo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, CR 1 No. 18A-12, Bogota 111711, Colombia; (C.M.-C.); (J.C.C.)
| | - Juan C. Cruz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, CR 1 No. 18A-12, Bogota 111711, Colombia; (C.M.-C.); (J.C.C.)
| | - Alicia Porras
- Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos (GDPP), Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, CR 1 No. 18A-12, Bogota 111711, Colombia; (M.A.M.); (A.S.H.); (A.C.R.); (L.J.C.)
- Correspondence: (A.J.G.-B.); (A.P.); Tel.: +57-1339-4949 (ext. 1775) (A.P.)
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21
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Rios-Galacho M, Martinez-Moreno D, López-Ruiz E, Galvez-Martin P, Marchal JA. An overview on the manufacturing of functional and mature cellular skin substitutes. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2021; 28:1035-1052. [PMID: 34652978 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2021.0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
There are different types of skin diseases due to chronic injuries that impede the natural healing process of the skin. Tissue engineering (TE) has focused on the development of bioengineered skin or skin substitutes that cover the wound, providing the necessary care to restore the functionality of injured skin. There are two types of substitutes: acellular skin substitutes (ASSs), which offer a low response of the body, and cellular skin substitutes (CSSs), which incorporate living cells and appear as a great alternative in the treatment of skin injuries due to them presenting a greater interaction and integration with the rest of the body. For the development of a CSS, it is necessary to select the most suitable biomaterials, cell components, and methodology of biofabrication for the wound to be treated. Moreover, these CSSs are immature substitutes that must undergo a maturing process in specific bioreactors, guaranteeing their functionality. The bioreactor simulates the natural state of maturation of the skin by controlling parameters such as temperature, pressure, or humidity, allowing a homogeneous maturation of the CSSs in an aseptic environment. The use of bioreactors not only contributes to the maturation of the CSSs, but also offers a new way of obtaining large sections of skin substitutes or natural skin from small portions acquired from the patient, donor, or substitute. Based on the innovation of this technology and the need to develop efficient CSSs, this work offers an update on bioreactor technology in the field of skin regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elena López-Ruiz
- Universidad de Jaen, 16747, Department of Health Sciences, Jaen, Andalucía, Spain;
| | | | - Juan Antonio Marchal
- University of Granada, humqn Anatomy and embriology, avd del conocimiento nº 11, Granada, Granada, Spain, 18016;
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Ebner-Peking P, Krisch L, Wolf M, Hochmann S, Hoog A, Vári B, Muigg K, Poupardin R, Scharler C, Schmidhuber S, Russe E, Stachelscheid H, Schneeberger A, Schallmoser K, Strunk D. Self-assembly of differentiated progenitor cells facilitates spheroid human skin organoid formation and planar skin regeneration. Theranostics 2021; 11:8430-8447. [PMID: 34373751 PMCID: PMC8344006 DOI: 10.7150/thno.59661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-assembly of solid organs from single cells would greatly expand applicability of regenerative medicine. Stem/progenitor cells can self-organize into micro-sized organ units, termed organoids, partially modelling tissue function and regeneration. Here we demonstrated 3D self-assembly of adult and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived fibroblasts, keratinocytes and endothelial progenitors into both, planar human skin in vivo and a novel type of spheroid-shaped skin organoids in vitro, under the aegis of human platelet lysate. Methods: Primary endothelial colony forming cells (ECFCs), skin fibroblasts (FBs) and keratinocytes (KCs) were isolated from human tissues and polyclonally propagated under 2D xeno-free conditions. Human tissue-derived iPSCs were differentiated into endothelial cells (hiPSC-ECs), fibroblasts (hiPSC-FBs) and keratinocytes (hiPSC-KCs) according to efficiency-optimized protocols. Cell identity and purity were confirmed by flow cytometry and clonogenicity indicated their stem/progenitor potential. Triple cell type floating spheroids formation was promoted by human platelet-derived growth factors containing culture conditions, using nanoparticle cell labelling for monitoring the organization process. Planar human skin regeneration was assessed in full-thickness wounds of immune-deficient mice upon transplantation of hiPSC-derived single cell suspensions. Results: Organoids displayed a distinct architecture with surface-anchored keratinocytes surrounding a stromal core, and specific signaling patterns in response to inflammatory stimuli. FGF-7 mRNA transfection was required to accelerate keratinocyte long-term fitness. Stratified human skin also self-assembled within two weeks after either adult- or iPSC-derived skin cell-suspension liquid-transplantation, healing deep wounds of mice. Transplant vascularization significantly accelerated in the presence of co-transplanted endothelial progenitors. Mechanistically, extracellular vesicles mediated the multifactorial platelet-derived trophic effects. No tumorigenesis occurred upon xenografting. Conclusion: This illustrates the superordinate progenitor self-organization principle and permits novel rapid 3D skin-related pharmaceutical high-content testing opportunities with floating spheroid skin organoids. Multi-cell transplant self-organization facilitates development of iPSC-based organ regeneration strategies using cell suspension transplantation supported by human platelet factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Ebner-Peking
- Cell Therapy Institute, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), University Clinic, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Linda Krisch
- Cell Therapy Institute, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), University Clinic, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, University Clinic, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Martin Wolf
- Cell Therapy Institute, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), University Clinic, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sarah Hochmann
- Cell Therapy Institute, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), University Clinic, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Anna Hoog
- Cell Therapy Institute, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), University Clinic, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Balázs Vári
- Cell Therapy Institute, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), University Clinic, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Katharina Muigg
- Cell Therapy Institute, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), University Clinic, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Rodolphe Poupardin
- Cell Therapy Institute, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), University Clinic, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Cornelia Scharler
- Cell Therapy Institute, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), University Clinic, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Elisabeth Russe
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hospital Barmherzige Brueder, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | | | - Katharina Schallmoser
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, University Clinic, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Dirk Strunk
- Cell Therapy Institute, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), University Clinic, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
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Mathew-Steiner SS, Roy S, Sen CK. Collagen in Wound Healing. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:63. [PMID: 34064689 PMCID: PMC8151502 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8050063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal wound healing progresses through inflammatory, proliferative and remodeling phases in response to tissue injury. Collagen, a key component of the extracellular matrix, plays critical roles in the regulation of the phases of wound healing either in its native, fibrillar conformation or as soluble components in the wound milieu. Impairments in any of these phases stall the wound in a chronic, non-healing state that typically requires some form of intervention to guide the process back to completion. Key factors in the hostile environment of a chronic wound are persistent inflammation, increased destruction of ECM components caused by elevated metalloproteinases and other enzymes and improper activation of soluble mediators of the wound healing process. Collagen, being central in the regulation of several of these processes, has been utilized as an adjunct wound therapy to promote healing. In this work the significance of collagen in different biological processes relevant to wound healing are reviewed and a summary of the current literature on the use of collagen-based products in wound care is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chandan K. Sen
- Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (S.S.M.-S.); (S.R.)
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Salvatore L, Gallo N, Natali ML, Terzi A, Sannino A, Madaghiele M. Mimicking the Hierarchical Organization of Natural Collagen: Toward the Development of Ideal Scaffolding Material for Tissue Regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:644595. [PMID: 33987173 PMCID: PMC8112590 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.644595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological materials found in living organisms, many of which are proteins, feature a complex hierarchical organization. Type I collagen, a fibrous structural protein ubiquitous in the mammalian body, provides a striking example of such a hierarchical material, with peculiar architectural features ranging from the amino acid sequence at the nanoscale (primary structure) up to the assembly of fibrils (quaternary structure) and fibers, with lengths of the order of microns. Collagen plays a dominant role in maintaining the biological and structural integrity of various tissues and organs, such as bone, skin, tendons, blood vessels, and cartilage. Thus, "artificial" collagen-based fibrous assemblies, endowed with appropriate structural properties, represent ideal substrates for the development of devices for tissue engineering applications. In recent years, with the ultimate goal of developing three-dimensional scaffolds with optimal bioactivity able to promote both regeneration and functional recovery of a damaged tissue, numerous studies focused on the capability to finely modulate the scaffold architecture at the microscale and the nanoscale in order to closely mimic the hierarchical features of the extracellular matrix and, in particular, the natural patterning of collagen. All of these studies clearly show that the accurate characterization of the collagen structure at the submolecular and supramolecular levels is pivotal to the understanding of the relationships between the nanostructural/microstructural properties of the fabricated scaffold and its macroscopic performance. Several studies also demonstrate that the selected processing, including any crosslinking and/or sterilization treatments, can strongly affect the architecture of collagen at various length scales. The aim of this review is to highlight the most recent findings on the development of collagen-based scaffolds with optimized properties for tissue engineering. The optimization of the scaffolds is particularly related to the modulation of the collagen architecture, which, in turn, impacts on the achieved bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Salvatore
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Nunzia Gallo
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Maria Lucia Natali
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Alberta Terzi
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council, Bari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sannino
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Marta Madaghiele
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
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25
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Phua QH, Han HA, Soh BS. Translational stem cell therapy: vascularized skin grafts in skin repair and regeneration. J Transl Med 2021; 19:83. [PMID: 33602284 PMCID: PMC7891016 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02752-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin is made up of a plethora of cells arranged in multiple layers with complex and intricate vascular networks, creating a dynamic microenvironment of cells-to-matrix interactions. With limited donor sites, engineered skin substitute has been in high demand for many therapeutic purposes. Over the years, remarkable progress has occurred in the skin tissue-engineering field to develop skin grafts highly similar to native tissue. However, the major hurdle to successful engraftment is the incorporation of functional vasculature to provide essential nutrients and oxygen supply to the embedded cells. Limitations of traditional tissue engineering have driven the rapid development of vascularized skin tissue production, leading to new technologies such as 3D bioprinting, nano-fabrication and micro-patterning using hydrogel based-scaffold. In particular, the key hope to bioprinting would be the generation of interconnected functional vessels, coupled with the addition of specific cell types to mimic the biological and architectural complexity of the native skin environment. Additionally, stem cells have been gaining interest due to their highly regenerative potential and participation in wound healing. This review briefly summarizes the current cell therapies used in skin regeneration with a focus on the importance of vascularization and recent progress in 3D fabrication approaches to generate vascularized network in the skin tissue graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Hua Phua
- Disease Modeling and Therapeutics Laboratory, A*STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Hua Alexander Han
- Disease Modeling and Therapeutics Laboratory, A*STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Boon-Seng Soh
- Disease Modeling and Therapeutics Laboratory, A*STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore.
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
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Hybrid Collagen Hydrogel/Chondroitin-4-Sulphate Fortified with Dermal Fibroblast Conditioned Medium for Skin Therapeutic Application. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13040508. [PMID: 33567703 PMCID: PMC7914873 DOI: 10.3390/polym13040508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The current strategy for rapid wound healing treatment involves combining a biomaterial and cell-secreted proteins or biomolecules. This study was aimed at characterizing 3-dimensional (3D) collagen hydrogels fortified with dermal fibroblast-conditioned medium (DFCM) as a readily available acellular skin substitute. Confluent fibroblasts were cultured with serum-free keratinocyte-specific medium (KM1 and KM2) and fibroblast-specific medium (FM) to obtain DFCM. Subsequently, the DFCM was mixed with collagen (Col) hydrogel and chondroitin-4-sulphate (C4S) to fabricate 3D constructs termed Col/C4S/DFCM-KM1, Col/C4S/DFCM-KM2, and Col/C4S/DFCM-FM. The constructs successfully formed soft, semi-solid and translucent hydrogels within 1 h of incubation at 37 °C with strength of <2.5 Newton (N). The Col/C4S/DFCM demonstrated significantly lower turbidity compared to the control groups. The Col/C4S/DFCM also showed a lower percentage of porosity (KM1: 35.15 ± 9.76%; KM2: 6.85 ± 1.60%; FM: 14.14 ± 7.65%) compared to the Col (105.14 ± 11.87%) and Col/C4S (143.44 ± 27.72%) constructs. There were no changes in both swelling and degradation among all constructs. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry showed that all groups consisted of oxygen–hydrogen bonds (O-H) and amide I, II, and III. In conclusion, the Col/C4S/DFCM constructs maintain the characteristics of native collagen and can synergistically deliver essential biomolecules for future use in skin therapeutic applications.
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27
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Elastic and biodegradable chitosan/agarose film revealing slightly acidic pH for potential applications in regenerative medicine as artificial skin graft. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:172-183. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Priester C, MacDonald A, Dhar M, Bow A. Examining the Characteristics and Applications of Mesenchymal, Induced Pluripotent, and Embryonic Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering Approaches across the Germ Layers. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E344. [PMID: 33114710 PMCID: PMC7692540 DOI: 10.3390/ph13110344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of regenerative medicine utilizes a wide array of technologies and techniques for repairing and restoring function to damaged tissues. Among these, stem cells offer one of the most potent and promising biological tools to facilitate such goals. Implementation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and embryonic stem cells (ESCs) offer varying advantages based on availability and efficacy in the target tissue. The focus of this review is to discuss characteristics of these three subset stem cell populations and examine their utility in tissue engineering. In particular, the development of therapeutics that utilize cell-based approaches, divided by germinal layer to further assess research targeting specific tissues of the mesoderm, ectoderm, and endoderm. The combinatorial application of MSCs, iPSCs, and ESCs with natural and synthetic scaffold technologies can enhance the reparative capacity and survival of implanted cells. Continued efforts to generate more standardized approaches for these cells may provide improved study-to-study variations on implementation, thereby increasing the clinical translatability of cell-based therapeutics. Coupling clinically translatable research with commercially oriented methods offers the potential to drastically advance medical treatments for multiple diseases and injuries, improving the quality of life for many individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Priester
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37998, USA;
| | - Amber MacDonald
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, 2407 River Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (A.M.); (M.D.)
| | - Madhu Dhar
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, 2407 River Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (A.M.); (M.D.)
| | - Austin Bow
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, 2407 River Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (A.M.); (M.D.)
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29
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Panayi AC, Haug V, Liu Q, Wu M, Karvar M, Aoki S, Ma C, Hamaguchi R, Endo Y, Orgill DP. Novel application of autologous micrografts in a collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffold for diabetic wound healing. Biomed Mater 2020; 16. [PMID: 33091888 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/abc3dc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapeutic strategies that successfully combine two techniques-autologous micrografting and biodegradable scaffolds-offer great potential for improved wound repair and decreased scarring. In this study we evaluate the efficacy of a novel modification of a collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffold with autologous micrografts using a murine dorsal wound model. METHODS db/db mice underwent dorsal wound excision and were treated with a collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffold (CGS), a modified collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffold (CGS+MG) or simple occlusive dressing (Blank). The modified scaffold was created by harvesting full thickness micrografts and transplanting these into the collagen-glycosaminoglycan membrane. Parameters of wound healing, including cellular proliferation, collagen deposition, keratinocyte migration, and angiogenesis were assessed. RESULTS The group treated with the micrograft-modified scaffold healed at a faster rate, showed greater cellular proliferation, collagen deposition, and keratinocyte migration with higher density and greater maturity of microvessels. The grafts remained viable within the scaffold with no evidence of rejection. Keratinocytes were shown to migrate from the wound border and from the micrograft edges towards the center of the wound, while cellular proliferation was present both at the wound border and wound bed. CONCLUSION We report successful treatment of diabetic wounds with a novel collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffold modified with full-thickness automicrografts. Differences in cellular migration and proliferation offer maiden evidence on the mechanisms of wound healing. Clinically, the successful scaffold engraftment, micrograft viability and improved wound healing offer promising results for the development of a new therapeutic modality for wound repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Qinxin Liu
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, UNITED STATES
| | - Mengfan Wu
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, UNITED STATES
| | | | - Shimpo Aoki
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, UNITED STATES
| | - Chenhao Ma
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, UNITED STATES
| | | | - Yori Endo
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, UNITED STATES
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30
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Tan CT, Liang K, Ngo ZH, Dube CT, Lim CY. Application of 3D Bioprinting Technologies to the Management and Treatment of Diabetic Foot Ulcers. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E441. [PMID: 33096771 PMCID: PMC7589916 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8100441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease with increasing prevalence worldwide. Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a serious complication of DM. It is estimated that 15-25% of DM patients develop DFU at least once in their lifetime. The lack of effective wound dressings and targeted therapy for DFUs often results in prolonged hospitalization and amputations. As the incidence of DM is projected to rise, the demand for specialized DFU wound management will continue to increase. Hence, it is of great interest to improve and develop effective DFU-specific wound dressings and therapies. In the last decade, 3D bioprinting technology has made a great contribution to the healthcare sector, with the development of personalized prosthetics, implants, and bioengineered tissues. In this review, we discuss the challenges faced in DFU wound management and how 3D bioprinting technology can be applied to advance current treatment methods, such as biomanufacturing of composite 3D human skin substitutes for skin grafting and the development of DFU-appropriate wound dressings. Future co-development of 3D bioprinting technologies with novel treatment approaches to mitigate DFU-specific pathophysiological challenges will be key to limiting the healthcare burden associated with the increasing prevalence of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chew Teng Tan
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore; (C.T.T.); (K.L.); (Z.H.N.); (C.T.D.)
| | - Kun Liang
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore; (C.T.T.); (K.L.); (Z.H.N.); (C.T.D.)
| | - Zong Heng Ngo
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore; (C.T.T.); (K.L.); (Z.H.N.); (C.T.D.)
| | - Christabel Thembela Dube
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore; (C.T.T.); (K.L.); (Z.H.N.); (C.T.D.)
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Chin Yan Lim
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore; (C.T.T.); (K.L.); (Z.H.N.); (C.T.D.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore
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Przekora A. A Concise Review on Tissue Engineered Artificial Skin Grafts for Chronic Wound Treatment: Can We Reconstruct Functional Skin Tissue In Vitro? Cells 2020; 9:cells9071622. [PMID: 32640572 PMCID: PMC7407512 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic wounds occur as a consequence of a prolonged inflammatory phase during the healing process, which precludes skin regeneration. Typical treatment for chronic wounds includes application of autografts, allografts collected from cadaver, and topical delivery of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial agents. Nevertheless, the mentioned therapies are not sufficient for extensive or deep wounds. Moreover, application of allogeneic skin grafts carries high risk of rejection and treatment failure. Advanced therapies for chronic wounds involve application of bioengineered artificial skin substitutes to overcome graft rejection as well as topical delivery of mesenchymal stem cells to reduce inflammation and accelerate the healing process. This review focuses on the concept of skin tissue engineering, which is a modern approach to chronic wound treatment. The aim of the article is to summarize common therapies for chronic wounds and recent achievements in the development of bioengineered artificial skin constructs, including analysis of biomaterials and cells widely used for skin graft production. This review also presents attempts to reconstruct nerves, pigmentation, and skin appendages (hair follicles, sweat glands) using artificial skin grafts as well as recent trends in the engineering of biomaterials, aiming to produce nanocomposite skin substitutes (nanofilled polymer composites) with controlled antibacterial activity. Finally, the article describes the composition, advantages, and limitations of both newly developed and commercially available bioengineered skin substitutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Przekora
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1 Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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Vivcharenko V, Wojcik M, Przekora A. Cellular Response to Vitamin C-Enriched Chitosan/Agarose Film with Potential Application as Artificial Skin Substitute for Chronic Wound Treatment. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051185. [PMID: 32397594 PMCID: PMC7290375 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of chronic wounds is still a meaningful challenge to physicians. The aim of this work was to produce vitamin C-enriched chitosan/agarose (CHN/A) film that could serve as potential artificial skin substitute for chronic wound treatment. The biomaterial was fabricated by a newly developed and simplified method via mixing acidic chitosan solution with alkaline agarose solution that allowed to obtain slightly acidic pH (5.97) of the resultant material, which is known to support skin regeneration. Vitamin C was immobilized within the matrix of the film by entrapment method during production process. Produced films (CHN/A and CHN/A + vit C) were subjected to comprehensive evaluation of cellular response with the use of human skin fibroblasts, epidermal keratinocytes, and macrophages. It was demonstrated that novel biomaterials support adhesion and growth of human skin fibroblasts and keratinocytes, have ability to slightly reduce transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) (known to be present at augmented levels in the epidermis of chronic wounds), and increase platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) secretion by the cells. Nevertheless, addition of vitamin C to the biomaterial formulation does not significantly improve its biological properties due to burst vitamin release profile. Obtained results clearly demonstrated that produced CHN/A film has great potential to be used as cellular dermal, epidermal, or dermo-epidermal graft pre-seeded with human skin cells for chronic wound treatment.
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Braganza A, Annarapu GK, Shiva S. Blood-based bioenergetics: An emerging translational and clinical tool. Mol Aspects Med 2020; 71:100835. [PMID: 31864667 PMCID: PMC7031032 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2019.100835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating studies demonstrate that mitochondrial genetics and function are central to determining the susceptibility to, and prognosis of numerous diseases across all organ systems. Despite this recognition, mitochondrial function remains poorly characterized in humans primarily due to the invasiveness of obtaining viable tissue for mitochondrial studies. Recent studies have begun to test the hypothesis that circulating blood cells, which can be obtained by minimally invasive methodology, can be utilized as a biomarker of systemic bioenergetic function in human populations. Here we present the available methodologies for assessing blood cell bioenergetics and review studies that have applied these techniques to healthy and disease populations. We focus on the validation of this methodology in healthy subjects, as well as studies testing whether blood cell bioenergetics are altered in disease, correlate with clinical parameters, and compare with other methodology for assessing human mitochondrial function. Finally, we present the challenges and goals for the development of this emerging approach into a tool for translational research and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Braganza
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gowtham K Annarapu
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sruti Shiva
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine (C3M), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Sangkert S, Kamolmatyakul S, Meesane J. Mimicked scaffolds based on coated silk woven fabric with gelatin and chitosan for soft tissue defect in oral maxillofacial area. Int J Artif Organs 2019; 43:189-202. [DOI: 10.1177/0391398819877191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Soft tissue defects in the oral maxillofacial area are critical problems for many patients and, in some cases, patients require an operation coupled with a performance scaffold substitution. In this research, mimicked anatomical scaffolds were constructed using gelatin- and chitosan-coated woven silk fibroin fabric. The morphologies, crystals, and structures were observed and then characterized using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and differential scanning calorimetry, respectively. Physical performance was evaluated from the swelling behavior, mechanical properties, and biodegradation, while the biological performance was tested with fibroblasts and keratinocytes, after which cell proliferation, viability, and histology were evaluated. The results revealed that a coated woven silk fibroin fabric displayed a crystal structure of silk fibroin with amorphous gelatin and chitosan layers. Also, the coated fabrics contained residual water within their structure. The physical performance of the coated woven silk fibroin fabric with gelatin showed suitable swelling behavior and mechanical properties along with acceptable biodegradation for insertion at a defect site. The biological performances including cell proliferation, viability, and histology were suitable for soft tissue reconstruction at the defect sites. Finally, the results demonstrated that mimicked anatomical scaffolds based on a gelatin layer on woven silk fibroin fabric had the functionality that was promising for soft tissue construction in oral maxillofacial defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supaporn Sangkert
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Suttatip Kamolmatyakul
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Jirut Meesane
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
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