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Shao JM, Shen B, Zhou ZX, D’Angelo L, James SM, Lin JF, Zheng C. Bilirubin Elevation During Hospitalization Post Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation of Persistent Atrial Fibrillation: Variation Trend, Related Factors, and Relevance to 1-Year Recurrence. Clin Interv Aging 2024; 19:817-825. [PMID: 38765794 PMCID: PMC11102068 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s461832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The role of total bilirubin (TBIL) in cardiovascular disease has been increasingly recognized in recent decades. Studies have shown a correlation between total bilirubin levels and the prognosis of patients after heart surgery. This study aimed to investigate the clinical significance of bilirubin elevation in persistent atrial fibrillation (PAF) patients who received radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA). Methods and Results A total of 184 patients with PAF who received RFCA were retrospectively studied. Laboratory examinations and demographic data were analyzed to identify independent predictors of TBIL elevation. The relationship between TBIL and prognosis was further investigated. Our results indicated that TBIL increased significantly after RFCA. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that TBIL elevation owned a negative correlation with the percentile of low voltage areas (LVAs) in left atria (β=-0.490, P<0.001). In contrast, a positive correlation was observed with the white blood cell (WBC) ratio (β=0.153, P=0.042) and left atrial diameter (LAD) (β=0.232, P=0.025). It was found that postoperative TBIL levels increased and then gradually decreased to baseline within 5 days without intervention. The bilirubin ratio <1.211 indicated the possibility of 1-year AF recurrence after ablation with a predictive value of 0.743 (specificity = 75.00%, sensitivity = 66.67%). Conclusion Bilirubin elevation post PAF RFCA was a common phenomenon and was associated with 1-year recurrence of AF in PAF patients after RFCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Meng Shao
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bing Shen
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lucia D’Angelo
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shea Michaela James
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia-Feng Lin
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, People’s Republic of China
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Luna-Marco C, de Marañon AM, Hermo-Argibay A, Rodriguez-Hernandez Y, Hermenejildo J, Fernandez-Reyes M, Apostolova N, Vila J, Sola E, Morillas C, Rovira-Llopis S, Rocha M, Victor VM. Effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists on mitochondrial function, inflammatory markers and leukocyte-endothelium interactions in type 2 diabetes. Redox Biol 2023; 66:102849. [PMID: 37591012 PMCID: PMC10457591 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is linked to metabolic, mitochondrial and inflammatory alterations, atherosclerosis development and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The aim was to investigate the potential therapeutic benefits of GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) on oxidative stress, mitochondrial respiration, leukocyte-endothelial interactions, inflammation and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in T2D patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Type 2 diabetic patients (255) and control subjects (175) were recruited, paired by age and sex, and separated into two groups: without GLP-1 RA treatment (196) and treated with GLP-1 RA (59). Peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) were isolated to measure reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by flow cytometry and oxygen consumption with a Clark electrode. PMNs were also used to assess leukocyte-endothelial interactions. Circulating levels of adhesion molecules and inflammatory markers were quantified by Luminex's technology, and CIMT was measured as surrogate marker of atherosclerosis. RESULTS Treatment with GLP-1 RA reduced ROS production and recovered mitochondrial membrane potential, oxygen consumption and MPO levels. The velocity of leukocytes rolling over endothelial cells increased in PMNs from GLP-1 RA-treated patients, whereas rolling and adhesion were diminished. ICAM-1, VCAM-1, IL-6, TNFα and IL-12 protein levels also decreased in the GLP-1 RA-treated group, while IL-10 increased. CIMT was lower in GLP-1 RA-treated T2D patients than in T2D patients without GLP-1 RA treatment. CONCLUSIONS GLP-1 RA treatment improves the redox state and mitochondrial respiration, and reduces leukocyte-endothelial interactions, inflammation and CIMT in T2D patients, thereby potentially diminishing the risk of atherosclerosis and CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Luna-Marco
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Arantxa M de Marañon
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain; Cancer Research @UCC, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Ireland.
| | - Alberto Hermo-Argibay
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Yohaly Rodriguez-Hernandez
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Jonathan Hermenejildo
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Meylin Fernandez-Reyes
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Nadezda Apostolova
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; National Network of Biomedical Research on Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Valencia, Spain.
| | - Jose Vila
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, INCLIVA (Biomedical Research Institute Valencia), Valencia, Spain.
| | - Eva Sola
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Carlos Morillas
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Susana Rovira-Llopis
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain; Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, INCLIVA (Biomedical Research Institute Valencia), Valencia, Spain.
| | - Milagros Rocha
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Victor M Victor
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain; National Network of Biomedical Research on Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Valencia, Spain; Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, INCLIVA (Biomedical Research Institute Valencia), Valencia, Spain.
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Raffa S, Forte M, Gallo G, Ranieri D, Marchitti S, Magrì D, Testa M, Stanzione R, Bianchi F, Cotugno M, Fiori E, Visco V, Sciarretta S, Volpe M, Rubattu S. Atrial natriuretic peptide stimulates autophagy/mitophagy and improves mitochondrial function in chronic heart failure. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:134. [PMID: 37099206 PMCID: PMC10133375 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04777-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction, causing increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, is a molecular feature of heart failure (HF). A defective antioxidant response and mitophagic flux were reported in circulating leucocytes of patients with chronic HF and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) exerts many cardiac beneficial effects, including the ability to protect cardiomyocytes by promoting autophagy. We tested the impact of ANP on autophagy/mitophagy, altered mitochondrial structure and function and increased oxidative stress in HFrEF patients by both ex vivo and in vivo approaches. The ex vivo study included thirteen HFrEF patients whose peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated and treated with αANP (10-11 M) for 4 h. The in vivo study included six HFrEF patients who received sacubitril/valsartan for two months. PBMCs were characterized before and after treatment. Both approaches analyzed mitochondrial structure and functionality. We found that levels of αANP increased upon sacubitril/valsartan, whereas levels of NT-proBNP decreased. Both the ex vivo direct exposure to αANP and the higher αANP level upon in vivo treatment with sacubitril/valsartan caused: (i) improvement of mitochondrial membrane potential; (ii) stimulation of the autophagic process; (iii) significant reduction of mitochondrial mass-index of mitophagy stimulation-and upregulation of mitophagy-related genes; (iv) reduction of mitochondrial damage with increased inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM)/outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) index and reduced ROS generation. Herein we demonstrate that αANP stimulates both autophagy and mitophagy responses, counteracts mitochondrial dysfunction, and damages ultimately reducing mitochondrial oxidative stress generation in PBMCs from chronic HF patients. These properties were confirmed upon sacubitril/valsartan administration, a pivotal drug in HFrEF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Raffa
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Giovanna Gallo
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Danilo Ranieri
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Damiano Magrì
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Testa
- Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Sant'Andrea, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Emiliano Fiori
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Visco
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Sciarretta
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Massimo Volpe
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS S. Raffaele, Rome, Italy
| | - Speranza Rubattu
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy.
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Silla A, Fogacci F, Punzo A, Hrelia S, Simoni P, Caliceti C, Cicero AFG. Treatment with PCSK9 Inhibitor Evolocumab Improves Vascular Oxidative Stress and Arterial Stiffness in Hypercholesterolemic Patients with High Cardiovascular Risk. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030578. [PMID: 36978827 PMCID: PMC10045769 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis and atherosclerotic-related cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD) are characterized by high serum levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) that can promote the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). To answer the need for better LDL-C control in individuals at high and very high risk for CVD, a new injectable innovative family of lipid-lowering (LL) monoclonal antibodies against the protein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) has been approved. However, the effect of these drugs on vascular function, such as ROS generation and arterial stiffness, has not already been extensively described. In this report, we present data from 18 males with high to very high CV risk undergoing LL treatment (LLT) with either statin and ezetimibe or ezetimibe monotherapy, who experienced, after a 2-month treatment with Evolocumab, a significant improvement in blood pressure (BP)-adjusted carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) (p-value = 0.0005 in the whole cohort, p-value = 0.0046 in the sub-cohort undergoing background LLT with statin and ezetimibe, p-value = 0.015 in the sub-cohort undergoing background LLT with ezetimibe monotherapy), which was significantly associated with a decrease in freshly isolated leukocytes (PBMCS)-derived H2O2 production (p-value = 0.004, p-value = 0.02 and p-value = 0.05, respectively, in the whole cohort, in the statin + ezetimibe sub-cohort, and the ezetimibe sub-cohort). Our observations support the role of systemic oxidative stress in atherosclerosis and give a further rationale for using Evolocumab also for its effect in vascular disorders linked to oxidative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Silla
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica Fogacci
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Angela Punzo
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvana Hrelia
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Patrizia Simoni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristiana Caliceti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences—DIBINEM, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale Biosistemi e Biostrutture (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center of Industrial Research (CIRI)—Energy and Environment, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Arrigo F. G. Cicero
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
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Yildiz SH, Karaosmanoğlu C, Duman R, Varol N, Özdemir Erdoğan M, Solak M, Duman R, Elmas M. Relationship between expression levels of TDRD7 and CRYBB3 and development of age-related cortico-nuclear cataracts. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2023. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-023-00396-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The human lens develops age-related cataracts (ARCs) because of the complicated effects of aging and stressful conditions. Under conditions involving oxidative stress, cells form stress granules (SGs). TDRD7 has been identified as an RNA granule component and an important component of SGs. TDRD7 plays a role in the post-transcriptional expression of genes, such as the crystallin gene CRYBB3. Therefore, the present study investigated TDRD7 and CRYBB3 mRNA expressions in relation to age-related cortico-nuclear cataracts.
Methods
Quantitative real-time PCR was used to determine the expression levels of TDRD7 and CRYBB3 in 52 patients with ARC and 52 healthy controls. Anterior lens capsules and peripheral blood samples from patients with ARC were included in the patient group, and peripheral blood samples from healthy subjects and human lens epithelial cells (HLE-B3) were included in the control group. Gene expression levels in the different age groups were compared. Correlation analysis was used to assess the gene expression levels and age.
Results
The expression of TDRD7 and CRYBB3 was significantly up-regulated (P < 0.0001) in anterior lens capsules compared to that in HLE-B3 cells. Similarly, the expression of TDRD7 (P = 0.0004) and CRYBB3 (P < 0.0001) was higher in the peripheral blood samples of patients with ARC than in those of healthy subjects. Significant upregulation (P < 0.05) was observed in the 71–81-year age group of patients. No correlation was found between gene expression levels and age.
Conclusion
Significantly higher expression levels of TDRD7 and CRYBB3 in patients with ARC than in controls suggest that TDRD7 and CRYBB3 are associated with the development of age-related cortico-nuclear cataracts and the aging process under chronic stress.
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Cincotta AH, Cersosimo E, Alatrach M, Ezrokhi M, Agyin C, Adams J, Chilton R, Triplitt C, Chamarthi B, Cominos N, DeFronzo RA. Bromocriptine-QR Therapy Reduces Sympathetic Tone and Ameliorates a Pro-Oxidative/Pro-Inflammatory Phenotype in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and Plasma of Type 2 Diabetes Subjects. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168851. [PMID: 36012132 PMCID: PMC9407769 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bromocriptine-QR is a sympatholytic dopamine D2 agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes that has demonstrated rapid (within 1 year) substantial reductions in adverse cardiovascular events in this population by as yet incompletely delineated mechanisms. However, a chronic state of elevated sympathetic nervous system activity and central hypodopaminergic function has been demonstrated to potentiate an immune system pro-oxidative/pro-inflammatory condition and this immune phenotype is known to contribute significantly to the advancement of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Therefore, the possibility exists that bromocriptine-QR therapy may reduce adverse cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetes subjects via attenuation of this underlying chronic pro-oxidative/pro-inflammatory state. The present study was undertaken to assess the impact of bromocriptine-QR on a wide range of immune pro-oxidative/pro-inflammatory biochemical pathways and genes known to be operative in the genesis and progression of CVD. Inflammatory peripheral blood mononuclear cell biology is both a significant contributor to cardiovascular disease and also a marker of the body’s systemic pro-inflammatory status. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of 4-month circadian-timed (within 2 h of waking in the morning) bromocriptine-QR therapy (3.2 mg/day) in type 2 diabetes subjects whose glycemia was not optimally controlled on the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist on (i) gene expression status (via qPCR) of a wide array of mononuclear cell pro-oxidative/pro-inflammatory genes known to participate in the genesis and progression of CVD (OXR1, NRF2, NQO1, SOD1, SOD2, CAT, GSR, GPX1, GPX4, GCH1, HMOX1, BiP, EIF2α, ATF4, PERK, XBP1, ATF6, CHOP, GSK3β, NFkB, TXNIP, PIN1, BECN1, TLR2, TLR4, TLR10, MAPK8, NLRP3, CCR2, GCR, L-selectin, VCAM1, ICAM1) and (ii) humoral measures of sympathetic tone (norepinephrine and normetanephrine), whole-body oxidative stress (nitrotyrosine, TBARS), and pro-inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, MCP-1, prolactin, C-reactive protein [CRP]). Relative to pre-treatment status, 4 months of bromocriptine-QR therapy resulted in significant reductions of mRNA levels in PBMC endoplasmic reticulum stress-unfolded protein response effectors [GRP78/BiP (34%), EIF2α (32%), ATF4 (29%), XBP1 (25%), PIN1 (14%), BECN1 (23%)], oxidative stress response proteins [OXR1 (31%), NRF2 (32%), NQO1 (39%), SOD1 (52%), CAT (26%), GPX1 (33%), GPX4 (31%), GCH1 (30%), HMOX1 (40%)], mRNA levels of TLR pro-inflammatory pathway proteins [TLR2 (46%), TLR4 (20%), GSK3β (19%), NFkB (33%), TXNIP (18%), NLRP3 (32%), CCR2 (24%), GCR (28%)], mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cellular receptor proteins CCR2 and GCR by 24% and 28%, and adhesion molecule proteins L-selectin (35%) and VCAM1 (24%). Relative to baseline, bromocriptine-QR therapy also significantly reduced plasma levels of norepinephrine and normetanephrine by 33% and 22%, respectively, plasma pro-oxidative markers nitrotyrosine and TBARS by 13% and 10%, respectively, and pro-inflammatory factors IL-18, MCP1, IL-1β, prolactin, and CRP by 21%,13%, 12%, 42%, and 45%, respectively. These findings suggest a unique role for circadian-timed bromocriptine-QR sympatholytic dopamine agonist therapy in reducing systemic low-grade sterile inflammation to thereby reduce cardiovascular disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony H. Cincotta
- VeroScience LLC, Tiverton, RI 02878, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-401-816-0525
| | - Eugenio Cersosimo
- Texas Diabetes Institute, University Health System, San Antonio, TX 78207, USA
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Mariam Alatrach
- Texas Diabetes Institute, University Health System, San Antonio, TX 78207, USA
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | | | - Christina Agyin
- Texas Diabetes Institute, University Health System, San Antonio, TX 78207, USA
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - John Adams
- Texas Diabetes Institute, University Health System, San Antonio, TX 78207, USA
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Robert Chilton
- Texas Diabetes Institute, University Health System, San Antonio, TX 78207, USA
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Curtis Triplitt
- Texas Diabetes Institute, University Health System, San Antonio, TX 78207, USA
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | | | | | - Ralph A. DeFronzo
- Texas Diabetes Institute, University Health System, San Antonio, TX 78207, USA
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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Role of Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Atherothrombotic Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071408. [PMID: 35883899 PMCID: PMC9312358 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is generated by the imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and antioxidant scavenger system’s activity. Increased ROS, such as superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical and peroxynitrite, likely contribute to the development and complications of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD). In genetically modified mouse models of atherosclerosis, the overexpression of ROS-generating enzymes and uncontrolled ROS formation appear to be associated with accelerated atherosclerosis. Conversely, the overexpression of ROS scavenger systems reduces or stabilizes atherosclerotic lesions, depending on the genetic background of the mouse model. In humans, higher levels of circulating biomarkers derived from the oxidation of lipids (8-epi-prostaglandin F2α, and malondialdehyde), as well as proteins (oxidized low-density lipoprotein, nitrotyrosine, protein carbonyls, advanced glycation end-products), are increased in conditions of high cardiovascular risk or overt ASCVD, and some oxidation biomarkers have been reported as independent predictors of ASCVD in large observational cohorts. In animal models, antioxidant supplementation with melatonin, resveratrol, Vitamin E, stevioside, acacetin and n-polyunsaturated fatty acids reduced ROS and attenuated atherosclerotic lesions. However, in humans, evidence from large, placebo-controlled, randomized trials or prospective studies failed to show any athero-protective effect of antioxidant supplementation with different compounds in different CV settings. However, the chronic consumption of diets known to be rich in antioxidant compounds (e.g., Mediterranean and high-fish diet), has shown to reduce ASCVD over decades. Future studies are needed to fill the gap between the data and targets derived from studies in animals and their pathogenetic and therapeutic significance in human ASCVD.
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Huang W, Huang Y, Jiayan, Cui, Wu Y, Zhu F, Huang J, Ma L. Design and Synthesis of Osthole-based Compounds as Potential Nrf2 Agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 61:128547. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Pleiotropic Properties of Valsartan: Do They Result from the Antiglycooxidant Activity? Literature Review and In Vitro Study. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5575545. [PMID: 33763167 PMCID: PMC7946482 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5575545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Valsartan belongs to angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor blockers (ARB) used in cardiovascular diseases like heart failure and hypertension. Except for its AT1-antagonism, another mechanism of drug action has been suggested in recent research. One of the supposed actions refers to the positive impact on redox balance and reducing protein glycation. Our study is aimed at assessing the antiglycooxidant properties of valsartan in an in vitro model of oxidized bovine serum albumin (BSA). Glucose, fructose, ribose, glyoxal (GO), methylglyoxal (MGO), and chloramine T were used as glycation or oxidation agents. Protein oxidation products (total thiols, protein carbonyls (PC), and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP)), glycooxidation products (tryptophan, kynurenine, N-formylkynurenine, and dityrosine), glycation products (amyloid-β structure, fructosamine, and advanced glycation end products (AGE)), and albumin antioxidant activity (total antioxidant capacity (TAC), DPPH assay, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)) were measured in each sample. In the presence of valsartan, concentrations of protein oxidation and glycation products were significantly lower comparing to control. Moreover, albumin antioxidant activity was significantly higher in those samples. The drug's action was comparable to renowned antiglycation agents and antioxidants, e.g., aminoguanidine, metformin, Trolox, N-acetylcysteine, or alpha-lipoic acid. The conducted experiment proves that valsartan can ameliorate protein glycation and oxidation in vitro in various conditions. Available animal and clinical studies uphold this statement, but further research is needed to confirm it, as reduction of protein oxidation and glycation may prevent cardiovascular disease development.
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Tikhaze AK, Kosach VY, Lankin VZ, Panferova AA, Smirnova MD. [Indicator Characterizing Carbonyl-Dependent Modification of Erythrocytic Superoxydismutase as a Biochemical Marker of Oxidative Stress in Coronary Heart Disease]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 60:1019. [PMID: 32515705 DOI: 10.18087/cardio.2020.5.n1019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Aim To study the oxidative modification of red blood cell Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) in vivo and in vitro to substantiate the use of a new oxidative stress marker.Material and methods Red blood cell Cu,Zn SOD was measured by depression of nitrotetrazolium blue reduction by the superoxide anion generated in xanthine oxidase xanthine oxidation. Red blood cell Cu,Zn SOD was measured immunochemically. The biochemical study was performed in the control group (patients with low extremity fracture without known history of cardiovascular diseases and hyperlipidemia) and in groups of patients with acute myocardial infarction, stable angina, and decompensated heart failure. For evaluation of oxidative stress intensity in IHD patients, an empirical SOD oxidative modification coefficient (OMCSOD) was proposed, which is a Cu,Zn SOD activity / Cu,Zn SOD content ratio.Results The red blood cell Cu,Zn SOD activity was significantly decreased in all IHD groups compared to the control group. Furthermore, OMCSOD was also considerably decreased in IHD patients, which warrants the use of this biochemical index as an oxidative stress marker.Conclusion It was shown that the Cu,Zn SOD modification was induced by interaction of the enzyme molecules with a natural dicarbonyl, malonic dialdehyde, and OMCSOD can be used for evaluation of oxidative stress intensity in IHD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Tikhaze
- National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - V Ya Kosach
- V. V. Veresaev Municipal Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia
| | - V Z Lankin
- National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Panferova
- National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - M D Smirnova
- National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
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11
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Wen JJ, Cummins CB, Radhakrishnan RS. Burn-Induced Cardiac Mitochondrial Dysfunction via Interruption of the PDE5A-cGMP-PKG Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072350. [PMID: 32231130 PMCID: PMC7177322 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Burn-induced heart dysfunction is a key factor for patient mortality. However, the molecular mechanisms are not yet fully elucidated. This study sought to understand whether burn-induced heart dysfunction is associated with cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction and interruption of the PDE5A-cGMP-PKG pathway. Sixty percent total body surface area (TBSA) scald burned rats (±sildenafil) were used in this study. A transmission electron microscope (TEM), real-time qPCR, O2K-respirometer, and electron transport chain assays were used to characterized molecular function. Cardiac mitochondrial morphological shapes were disfigured with a decline in mitochondrial number, area, and size, resulting in deficiency of cardiac mitochondrial replication. Burn induced a decrease in all mitDNA encoded genes. State 3 oxygen consumption was significantly decreased. Mitochondrial complex I substrate-energized or complex II substrate-energized and both of respiratory control ratio (RCRs) were decreased after burn. All mitochondrial complex activity except complex II were decreased in the burn group, correlating with decreases in mitochondrial ATP and MnSOD activity. Sildenafil, a inhibitor of the PDE5A-cGMP-PKG pathway, preserved the mitochondrial structure, respiratory chain efficiency and energy status in cardiac tissue. Furthermore, sildenafil treatment significantly restored ADP-conjugated respiration in burned groups. In conclusion, cardiac mitochondrial damage contributes to burn-induced heart dysfunction via the PDE5A-cGMP-PKG pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake J. Wen
- Correspondence: (J.J.W.); (R.S.R.); Tel.: +1-409-256-5878 (J.J.W.); +1-409-772-5666 (R.S.R.); Fax: +1-409-772-4253 (J.J.W. & R.S.R.)
| | | | - Ravi S. Radhakrishnan
- Correspondence: (J.J.W.); (R.S.R.); Tel.: +1-409-256-5878 (J.J.W.); +1-409-772-5666 (R.S.R.); Fax: +1-409-772-4253 (J.J.W. & R.S.R.)
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12
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Mitchell T, De Miguel C, Gohar EY. Sex differences in redox homeostasis in renal disease. Redox Biol 2020; 31:101489. [PMID: 32197946 PMCID: PMC7212488 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex differences in redox signaling in the kidney present new challenges and opportunities for understanding the physiology and pathophysiology of the kidney. This review will focus on reactive oxygen species, immune-related signaling pathways and endothelin-1 as potential mediators of sex-differences in redox homeostasis in the kidney. Additionally, this review will highlight male-female differences in redox signaling in several major cardiovascular and renal disorders namely acute kidney injury, diabetic nephropathy, kidney stone disease and salt-sensitive hypertension. Furthermore, we will discuss the contribution of redox signaling in the pathogenesis of postmenopausal hypertension and preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanecia Mitchell
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Carmen De Miguel
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology & Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Eman Y Gohar
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology & Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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13
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Zhang Q, Zhang X, Truskey GA. Vascular Microphysiological Systems to Model Diseases. CELL & GENE THERAPY INSIGHTS 2020; 6:93-102. [PMID: 32431950 PMCID: PMC7236815 DOI: 10.18609/cgti.2020.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human vascular microphysiological systems (MPS) represent promising three-dimensional in vitro models of normal and diseased vascular tissue. These systems build upon advances in tissue engineering, microfluidics, and stem cell differentiation and replicate key functional units of organs and tissues. Vascular models have been developed for the microvasculature as well as medium-size arterioles. Key functions of the vascular system have been reproduced and stem cells offer the potential to model genetic diseases and population variation in genes that may increase individual risk for cardiovascular disease. Such systems can be used to evaluate new therapeutics options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 1427 CIEMAS, 101 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708-0281, USA
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 1427 CIEMAS, 101 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708-0281, USA
| | - George A. Truskey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 1427 CIEMAS, 101 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708-0281, USA
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14
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Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and Platelets Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Oxidative Stress, and Circulating mtDNA in Cardiovascular Diseases. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020311. [PMID: 31979097 PMCID: PMC7073649 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are devastating disorders and the leading cause of mortality worldwide. The pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases is complex and multifactorial and, in the past years, mitochondrial dysfunction and excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) have gained growing attention. Indeed, CVDs can be considered as a systemic alteration, and understanding the eventual implication of circulating blood cells peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and or platelets, and particularly their mitochondrial function, ROS production, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) releases in patients with cardiac impairments, appears worthwhile. Interestingly, reports consistently demonstrate a reduced mitochondrial respiratory chain oxidative capacity related to the degree of CVD severity and to an increased ROS production by PBMCs. Further, circulating mtDNA level was generally modified in such patients. These data are critical steps in term of cardiac disease comprehension and further studies are warranted to challenge the possible adjunct of PBMCs’ and platelets’ mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and circulating mtDNA as biomarkers of CVD diagnosis and prognosis. This new approach might also allow further interesting therapeutic developments.
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