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La Pietra A, Imperatore R, Coccia E, Mobilio T, Ferrandino I, Paolucci M. Comparative Study of Condensed and Hydrolysable Tannins during the Early Stages of Zebrafish Development. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7063. [PMID: 39000172 PMCID: PMC11241311 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we present data on the effects of condensed tannins (CTs) and hydrolysable tannins (HTs), polyphenols extracted from plants, at different concentrations on zebrafish development to identify the range of concentrations with toxic effects. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to CTs and HTs at two different concentration ranges (5.0-20.0 μgL-1 and 5.0-20.0 mgL-1) for 72 h. The toxicity parameters were observed up to 72 h of treatment. The uptake of CTs and HTs by the zebrafish larvae was assessed via HPLC analysis. A qRT-PCR analysis was performed to evaluate the expressions of genes cd63, zhe1, and klf4, involved in the hatching process of zebrafish. CTs and HTs at 5.0, 10.0, and 20.0 μgL-1 were not toxic. On the contrary, at 5.0, 10.0, and 20.0 mgL-1, HTs induced a delay in hatching starting from 48 h of treatment, while CTs showed a delay in hatching mainly at 48 h. The analysis of gene expression showed a downregulation in the group exposed to HTs, confirming the hatching data. We believe that this study is important for defining the optimal doses of CTs and HTs to be employed in different application fields such as the chemical industry, the animal feed industry, and medical science.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberta Imperatore
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Elena Coccia
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Teresa Mobilio
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Ida Ferrandino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Marina Paolucci
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy
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Subebe MJB, Ogaro JC, Dayon ML, Manting MME, Murashima A, Omori A, Guihawan JQ, Uy MM, Mazahery ARF, Villacorte-Tabelin M. Phytochemical evaluation, embryotoxic, and teratogenic effects of Buwakan (Decalobanthus peltatus (L.) A.R.Simões & Staples) leaf extracts on duck embryo. Environ Anal Health Toxicol 2024; 39:e2024004-0. [PMID: 38631396 PMCID: PMC11079406 DOI: 10.5620/eaht.2024004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Decalobanthus peltatus is a woody vine that is commonly utilized in traditional Southeast Asian medicinal preparations. Despite the documented therapeutic uses of D. peltatus, there is hardly any information regarding its toxic effects on its consumers. In this study, crude leaf extracts (aqueous, methanol, ethyl acetate, and hexane) from D. peltatus were prepared and evaluated for their embryotoxicity and teratogenic effects. Phytochemical screening of bioactive compounds from the plants showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, and tannins. In addition, investigations on the toxicity of the crude leaf extracts were determined using brine shrimp lethality assay, in which the LC50 was calculated. Results showed that the ethyl acetate leaf extract was the most toxic among the crude leaf extracts, with an LC50 of 14.54 ppm. Based on this result, ethyl acetate leaf extract was treated on duck embryos, and the alteration of vascular branching patterns in the chorioallantoic membrane was quantified. Gross morphological and histological analysis of the skin tissues from the treated duck embryos were also examined. We found significant reduction of primary and tertiary vessel diameters in the duck embryos treated with ethyl acetate leaf extracts in both concentrations compared to the control group. Treated duck embryos exhibited gross malformations, growth retardation, and hemorrhages on the external body surfaces at 1000 ppm. Histopathological analysis of the skin tissues from the 14-day-old treated duck embryos showed a reduced number of feather follicles compared to the control group. These results suggest that D. peltatus crude leaf extracts present risks when taken in significant dosages and comprehensive toxicity testing on therapeutic herbs should be performed to ensure their safety on the consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merrah Joy Blaya Subebe
- Department of Biological Sciences, CSM, MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200 Iligan City, Philippines
- Center for Natural Products and Drug Discovery, PRISM, MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200 Iligan City, Philippines
| | - Josephine C. Ogaro
- Department of Biological Sciences, CSM, MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200 Iligan City, Philippines
- Center for Natural Products and Drug Discovery, PRISM, MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200 Iligan City, Philippines
| | - Melanie L. Dayon
- Department of Biological Sciences, CSM, MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200 Iligan City, Philippines
- Center for Natural Products and Drug Discovery, PRISM, MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200 Iligan City, Philippines
| | - Muhmin Michael E. Manting
- Department of Biological Sciences, CSM, MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200 Iligan City, Philippines
| | - Aki Murashima
- Laboratory Pharmacology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Akiko Omori
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine and Department of Biology, University of Padova, Italy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Jaime Q. Guihawan
- Department of Biological Sciences, CSM, MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200 Iligan City, Philippines
| | - Mylene M. Uy
- Center for Natural Products and Drug Discovery, PRISM, MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200 Iligan City, Philippines
- Chemistry Department, CSM, MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, Philippines
| | - Ahmad Reza F. Mazahery
- Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines, 1101 Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Mylah Villacorte-Tabelin
- Department of Biological Sciences, CSM, MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200 Iligan City, Philippines
- Center for Natural Products and Drug Discovery, PRISM, MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200 Iligan City, Philippines
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Madrid JV, Vera-Colón MKM, zur Nieden NI. Perturbations in Osteogenic Cell Fate Following Exposure to Constituents Present in Tobacco: A Combinatorial Study. TOXICS 2023; 11:998. [PMID: 38133399 PMCID: PMC10747453 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11120998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco smoke contains between 7000 and 10,000 constituents, and only an evanescently low number of which have been identified, let alone been evaluated for their toxicity. Recently, the Food and Drug Administration has published a list of 93 chemical tobacco constituents that are harmful or potentially harmful to a number of cellular processes. However, their effect on developing skeletal cells is unknown. In this study, we used ToxPI, a computational tool, to prioritize constituents on this list for screening in osteogenically differentiating human embryonic stem cells and fibroblasts. In selected endpoint assays, we evaluated the potential of these chemicals to inhibit osteogenic differentiation success as well as their cytotoxicity. Six of these chemicals, which were ascribed an embryotoxic potential in our screen, as well as nicotine, which was not found to be osteotoxic in vitro, were then evaluated in combinatorial exposures, either in pairs of two or three. No one single chemical could be pinpointed as the culprit of reduced calcification in response to tobacco exposure. Combining chemicals at their half-maximal inhibitory concentration of differentiation often elicited expected decreases in calcification over the individual exposures; however, cytotoxicity was improved in many of the dual combinations. A reverse response was also noted, in which calcification output improved in combinatorial exposures. Results from ternary combinations reflected those from double combinations. Thus, the results from this study suggest that it may be difficult to isolate single chemicals as the primary drivers of skeletal embryotoxicity and that the full combination of chemicals in tobacco smoke may produce the hypomineralization phenotype that we have so far observed in vitro in human embryonic stem cells as well as in vivo in zebrafish.
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Magan P, Pratten M. Effects of the Herbal Product Curcumin on Cardiomyocytes in Micromass Culture and the Potential Role It May Play in Pregnancy and Development. Cureus 2023; 15:e51132. [PMID: 38149065 PMCID: PMC10751074 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Herbal medicine (HM) consumption during pregnancy has been on the rise in many parts of the world. Curcumin is a proven antioxidant and anti-inflammatory herb component, having demonstrated efficacy in alleviating various diseases. However, there is conflicting evidence with regards to its effect on pregnancy. We assess the safety profile of the main component of turmeric, curcumin, during pregnancy. Furthermore, to investigate curcumin in combination with known teratogen ethanol to identify any protective effect that curcumin might exert. Method Embryonic chick cardiomyocytes in micromass culture were treated with varying concentrations of curcumin. Three endpoints were used to determine the effect of curcumin on these cells: contractile activity (morphological score), cell viability (resazurin assay), and total protein content (kenacid blue assay). Results Curcumin demonstrated cytotoxicity at the highest tested concentrations (10-20μM) by significantly reducing cell activity and total protein. The results of morphological scoring suggest that repeated investigations would have revealed the teratogenic potential of curcumin. Lower concentrations (50nM) of curcumin were comparable to the control. The combination of a non-toxic concentration of curcumin with ethanol revealed additive toxicity. Conclusion It seems unlikely that curcumin will adversely affect the embryo at low doses due to issues of bioavailability. The findings of cytotoxicity and possible teratogenicity at high concentrations are a concern. Due to the limited information available regarding curcumin metabolism in human embryos, advancements in curcumin delivery systems, and the high likelihood of overconsumption, further in vivo research using animal models is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyan Magan
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, GBR
| | - Margaret Pratten
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, GBR
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Tran CM, Ra JS, Rhyu DY, Kim KT. Transcriptome analysis reveals differences in developmental neurotoxicity mechanism of methyl-, ethyl-, and propyl- parabens in zebrafish embryos. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 268:115704. [PMID: 37979356 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Studies on the comparison of developmental (neuro) toxicity of parabens are currently limited, and unharmonized concentrations between phenotypic observations and transcriptome analysis hamper the understanding of their differential molecular mechanisms. Thus, developmental toxicity testing was conducted herein using the commonly used methyl- (MtP), ethyl- (EtP), and propyl-parabens (PrP) in zebrafish embryos. With a benchmark dose of 5%, embryonic-mortality-based point-of-departure (M-POD) values of the three parabens were determined, and changes in locomotor behavior were evaluated at concentrations of 0, M-POD/50, M-POD/10, and M-POD, where transcriptome analysis was conducted to explore the underlying neurotoxicity mechanism. Higher long-chained parabens were more toxic than short-chained parabens, as determined by the M-POD values of 154.1, 72.6, and 24.2 µM for MtP, EtP, and PrP, respectively. Meanwhile, exposure to EtP resulted in hyperactivity, whereas no behavioral effect was observed with MtP and PrP. Transcriptome analysis revealed that abnormal behaviors in the EtP-exposed group were associated with distinctly enriched pathways in signaling, transport, calcium ion binding, and metal binding. In contrast, exposure to MtP and PrP mainly disrupted membranes and transmembranes, which are closely linked to abnormal embryonic development rather than neurobehavioral changes. According to the changes in the expressions of signature mRNAs, tentative transcriptome-based POD values for each paraben were determined as MtP (2.68 µM), EtP (3.85 µM), and PrP (1.4 µM). This suggests that different molecular perturbations initiated at similar concentrations determined the extent and toxicity outcome differently. Our findings provide insight into better understanding the differential developmental neurotoxicity mechanisms of parabens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Minh Tran
- Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Sung Ra
- Eco-testing and Risk Assessment Center, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Young Rhyu
- Department of Biomedicine, Health & Life Convergence Sciences, BK21 FOUR, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Tae Kim
- Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University of Sciences and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea.
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Andriamanantena M, Pithon S, Dijoux M, Hoareau M, Fontaine C, Ferrard J, Lavergne C, Petit T, Caro Y. A survey on the potential contribution of Reunion Island dye plant species diversity to the market demand for bioactive plant-based dyes and pigments. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2023; 19:8. [PMID: 36964580 PMCID: PMC10039506 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-023-00580-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proven toxicity and environmental burdens caused by artificial dyes have motivated dyeing industries to turn to natural alternatives. Plant-based dyestuffs are an interesting group of alternative crops. Reunion Island located in the Indian Ocean is the only European region in the southern hemisphere. It has a great number of assets to find new molecules in the abundant plant biodiversity. However, the dye-producing plants diversity in this island had not been documented to date. METHODOLOGY The assessment of the Reunion Island's plant biodiversity through the "PLANTIN" project allowed us to establish here the first ethnobotanical inventory of plants growing on Reunion Island which may have promising properties as a new alternative source of dyes or colorants for the industries. First, an ethnobotanical survey focused on the uses of plants traditionally used in dyeing was conducted on local stakeholders. Then, the importance of different criteria (e.g., endemicity, accessibility and cultivability, plant organs used for the extraction, industrial interests of the species, etc.) has been considered to establish a classification method of the species, to finally select the most interesting plants which have been further harvested and investigated for their coloring property and dyeing application on natural fibers. RESULTS The results showed that local people have accumulated traditional knowledge of dyeing plants, but that this approach had been discontinued in Reunion. The uses of 194 plant species potentially rich in dyes or pigments, belonging to 72 different families, with diverse botanical status (endemic, native, introduced or alien-invasive species) have been recorded. Then, 43 species were harvested and their coloring property were investigated. It demonstrated that dyes extracted from promising species, e.g., Terminalia bentzoe, Weinmannia tinctoria, Thespesia populnea, Erythroxylum laurifolium, Morinda citrifolia, Leea guinensis, Ochrosia borbonica, Danais fragrans, Terminalia cattapa, Casuarina equisetifolia, and Coccoloba uvifera, amongst others, could be used as new textile dyes. Their efficacy in the wool and cotton dyeing has been successfully demonstrated here. CONCLUSION These plant-based dyestuffs showed promising coloring properties with different shades that could meet industrial application requirement. It's an area that could promote local cultural inheritance, create opportunity for business and farmers, and that can make a significant contribution to preserving endangered native species by supporting reforestation schemes. Additional researches are in progress to evaluate the safety of these plant-based colored extracts, their chemical composition and biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahery Andriamanantena
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biotechnologie des Produits Naturels (CHEMBIOPRO), Université de La Réunion, La Réunion, France.
| | - Shamsia Pithon
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biotechnologie des Produits Naturels (CHEMBIOPRO), Université de La Réunion, La Réunion, France
| | - Manon Dijoux
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biotechnologie des Produits Naturels (CHEMBIOPRO), Université de La Réunion, La Réunion, France
| | - Marine Hoareau
- Conservatoire Botanique des Mascarins, Saint Leu, La Réunion, France
| | | | - Johnny Ferrard
- Conservatoire Botanique des Mascarins, Saint Leu, La Réunion, France
| | | | - Thomas Petit
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biotechnologie des Produits Naturels (CHEMBIOPRO), Université de La Réunion, La Réunion, France
- Département Hygiène Sécurité Environnement (HSE), IUT de La Réunion, Université de La Réunion, La Réunion, France
| | - Yanis Caro
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biotechnologie des Produits Naturels (CHEMBIOPRO), Université de La Réunion, La Réunion, France
- Département Hygiène Sécurité Environnement (HSE), IUT de La Réunion, Université de La Réunion, La Réunion, France
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Ali A, Kiloni SM, Cáceres-Vélez PR, Jusuf PR, Cottrell JJ, Dunshea FR. Phytochemicals, Antioxidant Activities, and Toxicological Screening of Native Australian Fruits Using Zebrafish Embryonic Model. Foods 2022; 11:foods11244038. [PMID: 36553779 PMCID: PMC9777714 DOI: 10.3390/foods11244038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytochemicals play a pivotal role in human health and drug discovery. The safety evaluation of plant extracts is a prerequisite to ensure that all phytochemicals are safe before translational development and human exposure. As phytochemicals are natural, they are generally considered safe, although this is not always true. The objective of this study was to investigate and compare the phytochemical composition, antioxidant potential, and safety evaluation of native Australian Muntries (Kunzea pomifera), Kakadu plum (Terminalia ferdinandiana), Davidson plum (Davidsonia) and Quandong peach (Santalum acuminatum) through the in vivo vertebrate zebrafish embryonic model. The highest total phenolic content (TPC; 793.89 ± 22.27 μg GAE/mg) was quantified in Kakadu plum, while the lowest TPC (614.44 ± 31.80 μg GAE/mg) was quantified in Muntries. Developmental alterations, mortality, and morbidity were assessed for toxicological screening of these selected native Australian fruit extracts. In this study, muntries were quantified as having the least LC50 value (169 mg/L) compared to Davidson plum (376 mg/L), Kakadu plum (>480 mg/L), and Quandong peach (>480 mg/L), which indicates that muntries extract was more toxic than other fruit extracts. Importantly, we found that adverse effects were not correlated to the total phenolic content and antioxidant potential of these native Australian fruits and cannot simply be predicted from the in vitro analysis. Conclusively, these selected native Australian fruit extracts are categorized as safe. This study could explore the use of these native Australian fruits in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhtar Ali
- School of Agriculture and Food, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Sarah M. Kiloni
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | | | - Patricia R. Jusuf
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Jeremy J. Cottrell
- School of Agriculture and Food, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Frank R. Dunshea
- School of Agriculture and Food, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, The University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
- Correspondence:
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Teratogenic Evaluation of 80% Ethanol Extract of Embelia schimperi Vatke Fruits on Rat Embryo and Fetuses. J Toxicol 2022; 2022:4310521. [PMID: 36317073 PMCID: PMC9617728 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4310521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Embelia schimperi Vatke (family Myrsinaceae) is a commonly consumed anthelminthic plant in Ethiopia. The plant has significant efficacy in treating intestinal worms. However, there are limited data about the safety/toxicity of the plant. Moreover, the teratogenic effect of the plant is not yet well studied despite significant number of Ethiopian mothers consuming herbal medication during their pregnancy. Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the teratogenic effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of E. schimperi fruit on rat embryos and fetuses. Methods Pregnant albino Wistar rats were treated with 80% hydroalcoholic fruit extract of E. schimperi at 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, and 1000 mg/kg dosage, whilst the controls were pair-fed and ad libitum groups. Maternal food intake, maternal weight gain, number of implantations, number of prior resorptions, fetal viability, fetal weight, fetal and embryonic crown-ramp length, placental weight, placental gross morphology and histopathology of placental tissue, number of somites, embryonic system, gross/visceral morphological malformations, and ossification centers were evaluated as teratogenicity indices. Results The crude extract of E. schimperi did not exhibit a significant difference in most developmental indices including the development of a circulatory system, nervous system, and musculoskeletal systems among treated animals and the controls. However, histopathological evaluation of placentas from the treatment groups showed that inflammatory reactions and calcifications compared to the pair-fed and ad libitum controls. Conclusion Administration of the 80% hydroalcoholic extract of E. schimperi fruit during the period of organogenesis in rats did not show a significant toxic effect on embryonic and fetal developmental indices. However, it might affect the structural integrity of the placenta as it is evidenced by inflammatory reactions and calcifications of decidua basalis of rat placenta.
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Castro TFD, Carneiro WF, Reichel T, Fabem SL, Machado MRF, de Souza KKC, Resende LV, Murgas LDS. The toxicological effects of Eryngium foetidum extracts on zebrafish embryos and larvae depend on the type of extract, dose, and exposure time. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2022; 11:891-899. [PMID: 36337237 PMCID: PMC9618102 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfac067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Eryngium foetidum is a herbaceous plant found in tropical and subtropical regions. In vivo pharmacological parameters show that leaf extracts of this plant have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and antimicrobial activities due to their bioactive compounds such as flavonoids and phenols. Despite the evidence for several bioactivities of E. foetidum, information on its safety and tolerability is limited. The objective of this study was to assess the effect and concentration of different extracts of E. foetidum on the development of zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. To study the impact of aqueous (AE), ethanolic (EE), and methanolic (ME) extracts, the embryos were exposed to 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5, and 10 mg mL-1 for up to 120-h postfertilization to assess embryonic developmental toxicity and then to 0.039, 0.078, 0.156, 0.312, and 0.625 mg mL-1 to assess the antioxidant responses of the enzymes superoxide dismutase catalase, glutathione S-transferase (GST), and cell apoptosis. The results showed that, depending on the extraction solvent, concentration used, and exposure time, E. foetidum extracts caused mortality, altered the hatching time, and promoted changes in enzymatic activities. Delays in development and increased GST activity were found in all treatments. Apoptosis was not observed in any of the treatments. In conclusion, AE, EE, and ME concentrations above 0.625 mg mL-1 can cause adverse effects on the early stages of zebrafish development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tassia Flavia Dias Castro
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, CEP:37200-000, Brazil
| | - William Franco Carneiro
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, CEP:37200-000, Brazil
| | - Tharyn Reichel
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Agriculture, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brasil
| | - Sarah Lacerda Fabem
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, CEP:37200-000, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luciane Vilela Resende
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Agriculture, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brasil
| | - Luis David Solis Murgas
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, CEP:37200-000, Brazil
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Abdullah SNS, Subramaniam KA, Muhamad Zamani ZH, Sarchio SNE, Md Yasin F, Shamsi S. Biocompatibility Study of Curcumin-Loaded Pluronic F127 Nanoformulation (NanoCUR) against the Embryonic Development of Zebrafish (Danio rerio). Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144493. [PMID: 35889367 PMCID: PMC9324867 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin (CUR) has been studied for its biomedical applications due to its active biological properties. However, CUR has limitations such as poor solubility, low bioavailability, and rapid degradation. Thus, CUR was nanoformulated with the application of polymeric micelle. Previous studies of CUR-loaded Pluronic F127 nanoformulation (NanoCUR) were generally prioritized toward cancer cells and its therapeutic values. There are reports that emphasize the toxicity of CUR, but reports on the toxicity of NanoCUR on embryonic developmental stages is still scarce. The present study aims to investigate the toxicity effects of NanoCUR on the embryonic development of zebrafish (Danio rerio). NanoCUR was synthesized via thin film hydration method and then characterized using DLS, UV-Vis, FTIR, FESEM, and XRD. The toxicity assessment of NanoCUR was conducted using zebrafish embryos, in comparison to native CUR, as well as Pluronic F127 (PF) as the controls, and ROS assay was further carried out. It was revealed that NanoCUR showed an improved toxicity profile compared to native CUR. NanoCUR displayed a delayed toxicity response and showed a concentration- and time-dependent toxicity response. NanoCUR was also observed to generate a significantly low reactive oxygen species (ROS) compared to native CUR in ROS assay. Overall, the results obtained highlight the potential of NanoCUR to be developed in clinical settings due to its improved toxicity profile compared to CUR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Nur Sharmila Abdullah
- Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (S.N.S.A.); (K.A.S.); (Z.H.M.Z.)
| | - Kalai Arasu Subramaniam
- Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (S.N.S.A.); (K.A.S.); (Z.H.M.Z.)
| | - Zahir Haizat Muhamad Zamani
- Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (S.N.S.A.); (K.A.S.); (Z.H.M.Z.)
| | - Seri Narti Edayu Sarchio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Faizah Md Yasin
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ION2), Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Suhaili Shamsi
- Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (S.N.S.A.); (K.A.S.); (Z.H.M.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-39-769-7964
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A Complete Review of Mexican Plants with Teratogenic Effects. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11131675. [PMID: 35807626 PMCID: PMC9268836 DOI: 10.3390/plants11131675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In Mexico, the use of medicinal plants is the first alternative to treat the diseases of the most economically vulnerable population. Therefore, this review offers a list of Mexican plants (native and introduced) with teratogenic effects and describes their main alterations, teratogenic compounds, and the models and doses used. Our results identified 63 species with teratogenic effects (19 native) and the main alterations that were found in the nervous system and axial skeleton, induced by compounds such as alkaloids, terpenes, and flavonoids. Additionally, a group of hallucinogenic plants rich in alkaloids employed by indigenous groups without teratogenic studies were identified. Our conclusion shows that several of the identified species are employed in Mexican traditional medicine and that the teratogenic species most distributed in Mexico are Astragalus mollissimus, Astragalus lentiginosus, and Lupinus formosus. Considering the total number of plants in Mexico (≈29,000 total vascular plants), to date, existing research in the area shows that Mexican plants with teratogenic effects represent ≈0.22% of the total species of these in the country. This indicates a clear need to intensify the evaluation of the teratogenic effect of Mexican plants.
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Abrão LDC, Costa-Silva DG, Santos MGD, Cerqueira MBR, Badiale-Furlong E, Muccillo-Baisch AL, Hort MA. Toxicity evaluation of traditional and organic yerba mate ( Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.) extracts. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2022; 85:461-479. [PMID: 35189780 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2022.2035873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.) is an important source of biologically active compounds with pharmacological potential. The aim of this study was to examine the toxicity of different extracts obtained from either traditional or organic cultivated yerba mate in vitro and in vivo. Aqueous, ethanolic and methanolic extracts were obtained from commercial samples of yerba mate and total phenolic content was determined employing Folin-Ciocalteau reagent. The aqueous extracts presented higher content of total phenols, compared to ethanolic and methanolic extracts, and also demonstrated lower cytotoxicity, which is the basis for testing were carried out only using aqueous extracts. The main phenolic acids found in traditional aqueous (TA) extract were chlorogenic, gallic and protocatechuic acids. Gallic and hydroxybenzoic acids were detected in aqueous cultivated organic (OA) extract. Pretreatment with OA extract (100 µg/ml, 1 hr) was cytoprotective against rotenone-induced toxicity (1 µM). For in vivo toxicity assay, zebrafish embryos were exposed to OA or TA extracts (10-160 µg/ml) at 4 hr post fertilization. TA extract decreased embryos survival in a concentration-dependent manner, reduced the hatching rate at 40 µg/ml, increased edema frequency at 80 µg/ml and altered body curvature at 120 µg/ml. Further, TA extract produced locomotor disorders at concentrations equal to or greater than 10 µg/ml. In contrast, OA extract exhibited no apparent toxic effect on organogenesis and behavior up to 100 µg/ml. In summary, the OA cultivated extract showed the lowest cytotoxicity in vitro, enhanced reduction in rotenone-induced toxicity, and produced less toxicity in zebrafish embryos compared to the TA extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian da Costa Abrão
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Dennis Guilherme Costa-Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Michele Goulart Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | | | - Eliana Badiale-Furlong
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia e Ciência de Alimentos, Escola de Química e Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza Muccillo-Baisch
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Mariana Appel Hort
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
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13
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Eissa MA, Hashim YZHY, Mohd Nasir MH, Nor YA, Salleh HM, Isa MLM, Abd-Azziz SSS, Abd Warif NM, Ramadan E, Badawi NM. Fabrication and characterization of Agarwood extract-loaded nanocapsules and evaluation of their toxicity and anti-inflammatory activity on RAW 264.7 cells and in zebrafish embryos. Drug Deliv 2021; 28:2618-2633. [PMID: 34894947 PMCID: PMC8676596 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.2012307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquilaria malaccensis has been traditionally used to treat several medical disorders including inflammation. However, the traditional claims of this plant as an anti-inflammatory agent has not been substantially evaluated using modern scientific techniques. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of Aquilaria malacensis leaf extract (ALEX-M) and potentiate its activity through nano-encapsulation. The extract-loaded nanocapsules were fabricated using water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) emulsion method and characterized via multiple techniques including DLS, TEM, FTIR, and TGA. The toxicity and the anti-inflammatory activity of ALEX-M and the extract-loaded nanocapsules (ALEX-M-PNCs) were evaluated in-vitro on RAW 264.7 macrophages and in-vivo on zebrafish embryos. The nanocapsules demonstrated spherical shape with mean particle diameter of 167.13 ± 1.24 nm, narrow size distribution (PDI = 0.29 ± 0.01), and high encapsulation efficiency (87.36 ± 1.81%). ALEX-M demonstrated high viability at high concentrations in RAW 264.7 cells and zebrafish embryos, however, ALEX-M-PNCs showed relatively higher cytotoxicity. Both free and nanoencapsulated extract expressed anti-inflammatory effects through significant reduction of the pro-inflammatory mediator nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS/IFNγ-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages and zebrafish embryos in a concentration-dependent manner. The findings highlight that ALEX-M can be recognized as a potential anti-inflammatory agent, and its anti-inflammatory activity can be potentiated by nano-encapsulation. Further studies are warranted toward investigation of the mechanistic and immunomodulatory roles of ALEX-M.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manar A Eissa
- International Institute for Halal Research and Training (INHART), International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Center for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), The British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yumi Z H-Y Hashim
- International Institute for Halal Research and Training (INHART), International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hamzah Mohd Nasir
- Department of Biotechnology, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.,Central Research and Animal Facility (CREAM), Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Yusilawati Ahmad Nor
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hamzah Mohd Salleh
- International Institute for Halal Research and Training (INHART), International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Lokman Md Isa
- Kulliyah of Nursing, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Saripah S S Abd-Azziz
- Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Sultan Idris Education University, Perak, Tanjung Malim, Malaysia
| | - Nor Malia Abd Warif
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Eman Ramadan
- Center for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), The British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noha M Badawi
- Center for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), The British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo, Egypt
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Jo M, Lee J, Kim HG, Kim JK, Kim H, Shin KK, Bach TT, Eum SM, Lee JS, Choung ES, Yang Y, Kim KH, Sung GH, Yoo BC, Cho JY. Anti-inflammatory effect of Barringtonia angusta methanol extract is mediated by targeting of Src in the NF-κB signalling pathway. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2021; 59:799-810. [PMID: 34190667 PMCID: PMC8253214 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1938613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Among the plants in the genus Barringtonia (Lecythidaceae) used as traditional medicines to treat arthralgia, chest pain, and haemorrhoids in Indonesia, Barringtonia racemosa L. and Barringtonia acutangula (L.) Gaertn. have demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity in systemic inflammatory models. OBJECTIVE The anti-inflammatory activity of Barringtonia angusta Kurz has not been investigated. We prepared a methanol extract of the leaves and stems of B. angusta (Ba-ME) and systemically evaluated its anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS RAW264.7 cells stimulated with LPS or Pam3CSK4 for 24 h were treated with Ba-ME (12.5, 25, 50, 100, and 150 µg/mL), and NO production and mRNA levels of inflammatory genes were evaluated. Luciferase reporter gene assay, western blot analysis, overexpression experiments, and cellular thermal shift assay were conducted to explore the mechanism of Ba-ME. In addition, the anti-gastritis activity of Ba-ME (50 and 100 mg/kg, administered twice per day for two days) was evaluated using an HCl/EtOH-induced gastritis mouse model. RESULTS Ba-ME dose-dependently suppressed NO production [IC50 = 123.33 µg/mL (LPS) and 46.89 µg/mL (Pam3CSK4)] without affecting cell viability. Transcriptional expression of iNOS, IL-1β, COX-2, IL-6, and TNF-α and phosphorylation of Src, IκBα, p50/105, and p65 were inhibited by Ba-ME. The extract specifically targeted the Src protein by binding to its SH2 domain. Moreover, Ba-ME significantly ameliorated inflammatory lesions in the HCl/EtOH-induced gastritis model. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The anti-inflammatory activity of Ba-ME is mediated by targeting of the Src/NF-κB signalling pathway, and B. angusta has potential as an anti-inflammatory drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkyeong Jo
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongsung Lee
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Biomolecule Control and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Gyung Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Biomolecule Control and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kyeong Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeyeop Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kon Kuk Shin
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tran The Bach
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Sang Mi Eum
- International Biological Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Yoonyong Yang
- Biological and Genetic Resources Assessment Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hee Kim
- Proteomic Analysis Team, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Ho Sung
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Institute of Mycological Resource, International St. Mary's Hospital and College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byong Chul Yoo
- Division of Translational Science, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Biomolecule Control and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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15
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Teratogenic effects of ethanol extract of Curcuma mangga Val. rhizomes in wistar rats. Toxicol Res 2021; 37:429-434. [PMID: 34631499 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-020-00074-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently highlighted the immunomodulatory effect of ethanol extract of Curcuma mangga Val. rhizomes. The current study was performed to investigate the teratogenic effects of C. mangga extract in Wistar rats. The C. mangga extract at doses of 100, 500 and 1000 mg/kg bw were administered to pregnant rats on day 6-15 of gestation. The litter size, length and birth weight as well as body weight of pregnant rats were determined to evaluate the teratogenic effects of C. mangga extract. External and skeletal malformations were also examined. The extract reduced the litter length compared to normal control (p < 0.05). The average body weight gain of the pregnant rats also decreased. Resorption was observed after treatment with extract at the dose of 1000 mg/kg bw. The extract at the doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg bw reduced litter birth weight and induced external and skeletal malformations. This demonstrates that ethanol extract of C. mangga has teratogenic effects in Wistar rats and should be used with caution in pregnancy.
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Amorim LS, Marques Goes PE, Figueiredo RDA, Souza JADCR, Tavares JF, Castellano LRC, Castro RDD, Farias D, de Aquino SG. In vitro antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects of Anacardium occidentale L. extracts and their toxicity on PBMCs and zebrafish embryos. Drug Chem Toxicol 2021; 45:2653-2663. [PMID: 34595971 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2021.1981365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the in vitro antimicrobial and immunomodulatory action of crude extracts from Anacardium occidentale L. (cashew tree) leaves and bark, and to determine their toxicity to peripheral-blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and to zebrafish embryos and larvae. Chemical analysis of extracts was performed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR). The antibacterial activity was evaluated against selected bacteria strains by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Cytotoxicity of the extracts was assessed using resazurin method, while the effect on production of ROS by PMN leukocytes was measured by luminol. Embryotoxicity to zebrafish was assessed using the fish embryo acute toxicity test (FET) and quantification of toxicity marker enzymes (AChE, LDH, and GST). 1H-NMR results showed anacardic acid as the main component of the extracts. All bacterial species tested were sensitive to the extracts, with MICs ranging from 312.5 to 10,000 μg/mL. Streptococcus mutans and Escherichia coli were the most susceptible species. The extracts promoted cell viability above 75% at concentrations from 1.25 to 80 μg/mL. Both extracts reduced zymosan-induced ROS (p < 0.05) at concentrations of 1, 8, and 80 μg/mL compared to the control. In vivo, there were embryotoxic effects in zebrafish embryos exposed to both extracts through the presence of lethal and sublethal endpoints. The samples also acted by inhibiting the activities of biomarker enzymes. The A. occidentale L. bark and leaf extracts showed antimicrobial potential and modulated ROS production in vitro, but these also showed embryotoxic effects to zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Souza Amorim
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba - UFPB, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Pedro Everton Marques Goes
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba - UFPB, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | | | - Josean Fechine Tavares
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba - UFPB, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Dias de Castro
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba - UFPB, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Davi Farias
- Department of Molecular Biology, Center of Exact and Natural Sciences (CCEN), Federal University of Paraíba - UFPB, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Garcia de Aquino
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba - UFPB, João Pessoa, Brazil
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17
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Thitinarongwate W, Mektrirat R, Nimlamool W, Khonsung P, Pikulkaew S, Okonogi S, Kunanusorn P. Phytochemical and Safety Evaluations of Zingiber ottensii Valeton Essential Oil in Zebrafish Embryos and Rats. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9050102. [PMID: 34063620 PMCID: PMC8147612 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9050102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Zingiber ottensii Valeton (ZO) exhibits pharmacological activity and has long been used in traditional medicine. However, reports about its safety profiles are limited. The present study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical profile and the toxic effects of ZO essential oil on the development of zebrafish and acute oral toxicity in rats. The essential oil was isolated from ZO rhizomes, and phytochemicals were analyzed using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The embryotoxic and teratogenic effects of ZO essential oil were evaluated in zebrafish embryos and larvae and the acute oral toxicity was determined in rats. GC-MS results showed the essential oil contained zerumbone as a major phytoconstituent (24.73%). The zebrafish embryotoxicity of ZO essential oil appeared to be concentration- and time-dependent manner, with a moderate LC50 (1.003 µg/mL). Teratogenicity in zebrafish embryos also included morphological defects, decreased hatchability, and reduced heart rate. In rats, ZO essential oil (2000 mg/kg, p.o.) resulted in no mortality or significant toxicities. These findings suggest that ZO has embryotoxic and teratogenic effects in zebrafish embryos but does not result in death or acute oral toxicity in rats. Further long-term toxicity studies are needed to confirm the safety of products developed from ZO essential oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wisit Thitinarongwate
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (W.T.); (W.N.); (P.K.)
- Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Raktham Mektrirat
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand;
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Wutigri Nimlamool
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (W.T.); (W.N.); (P.K.)
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Parirat Khonsung
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (W.T.); (W.N.); (P.K.)
| | - Surachai Pikulkaew
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Department of Food Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand;
| | - Siriporn Okonogi
- Department of Food Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Puongtip Kunanusorn
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (W.T.); (W.N.); (P.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-53-935-353
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Teratogenic Effect of High Dose of Syzygium guineense (Myrtaceae) Leaves on Wistar Albino Rat Embryos and Fetuses. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6677395. [PMID: 33833820 PMCID: PMC8012146 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6677395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Syzygium guineense is an important medicinal plant effective against hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and cancer but with no evidence of its teratogenicity. This study was planned to investigate the teratogenic potential of S. guineense leaves on rat embryos and fetuses. Five groups of Wistar albino rats, each consisting of ten pregnant rats, were used as experimental animals. Groups I-III rats were treated with 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg of hydroethanolic extract of S. guineense leaves, and groups IV and V were control and ad libitum control, respectively. Rats were treated during day 6–12 of gestation. Embryos and fetuses were retrieved at day 12 and day 20 of gestation, respectively. The embryos were assessed for developmental delays and growth retardation. The fetuses were examined for gross external, skeletal, and visceral anomalies. In 12-day old rat embryos, crown-rump length, number of somites, and morphological scores were significantly reduced by the treatment of 1000 mg/kg of the extract. The external morphological and visceral examinations of rat fetuses did not reveal any detectable structural malformations in the cranial, nasal, oral cavities, and visceral organs. The ossification centers of fetal skull, vertebrae, hyoid, forelimb, and hindlimb bones were not significantly varied across all groups. However, even if not statistically significant, high-dose treated rat fetuses had a reduced number of ossification centers in the sternum, caudal vertebrae, metatarsal, metacarpal, and phalanges. Treatment with the hydroethanolic extract of S. guineense leaves produced no significant skeletal and soft tissue malformations. The plant extract did not produce significant teratogenic effects on rat embryos/fetuses up to 500 mg/kg doses but retarded the growth of embryos at high dose (1000 mg/kg) as evidenced by decreased crown-rump length, number of somites, and morphological scores. Therefore, it is not advisable to take large doses of the plant during pregnancy.
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Sandner G, König A, Wallner M, Weghuber J. Alternative model organisms for toxicological fingerprinting of relevant parameters in food and nutrition. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:5965-5982. [PMID: 33683153 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1895060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In the field of (food) toxicology, there is a strong trend of replacing animal trials with alternative methods for the assessment of adverse health effects in humans. The replacement of animal trials is not only driven by ethical concerns but also by the number of potential testing substances (food additives, packaging material, contaminants, and toxicants), which is steadily increasing. In vitro 2D cell culture applications in combination with in silico modeling might provide an applicable first response. However, those systems lack accurate predictions of metabolic actions. Thus, alternative in vivo models could fill the gap between cell culture and animal trials. In this review, we highlight relevant studies in the field and spotlight the applicability of alternative models, including C. elegans, D. rerio, Drosophila, HET-CAM and Lab-on-a-chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Sandner
- Center of Excellence Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Wels, Austria
| | - Alice König
- Center of Excellence Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Wels, Austria.,FFoQSI GmbH-Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Tulln, Austria
| | - Melanie Wallner
- Center of Excellence Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Wels, Austria.,FFoQSI GmbH-Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Tulln, Austria
| | - Julian Weghuber
- Center of Excellence Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Wels, Austria.,FFoQSI GmbH-Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Tulln, Austria
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20
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Lee JY, Park S, Lim W, Song G. Picolinafen exerts developmental toxicity via the suppression of oxidative stress and angiogenesis in zebrafish embryos. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 171:104734. [PMID: 33357556 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2020.104734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Picolinafen, a phytoene desaturase-inhibiting herbicide, has been used since 2001 to control the growth of broadleaf weeds. Picolinafen has lower solubility and volatility, and shows lower toxicity to non-target insect species than other types of herbicide. Although picolinafen has been detected in lakes near urban environments and induces chronic toxicity in the mammals, birds, and some aquatic organisms, no study has investigated the toxicity or mode of action of picolinafen in zebrafish. In this study, we demonstrated the lethality and acute LC50 value of picolinafen towards zebrafish embryos. Picolinafen hampered the development of embryos by the induction of morphological abnormalities via apoptosis. Additionally, picolinafen suppressed the generation of reactive oxygen species and angiogenesis. Also, the angiogenesis related genes, flt1 and flt4 mRNA expression was decreased in zebrafish embryos. This study provides a mechanistic understanding of the developmental toxicity of picolinafen in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Young Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Sunwoo Park
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Whasun Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Firus Khan AY, Ahmed QU, Nippun TS, Hilles A, Jalal TK, Teh LK, Salleh MZ, Noor SM, Seeni A, Khatib A, Wahab RA. Determination toxic effects of Hystrix Brachyura Bezoar extracts using cancer cell lines and embryo zebrafish (Danio rerio) models and identification of active principles through GC-MS analysis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 262:113138. [PMID: 32726681 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Porcupine bezoar (PB) is used as folk medicine for various medical conditions including cancer treatment in Malaysia. However, its toxicity profile has never been thoroughly ascertained to confirm its safe nature as an efficacious traditional medicine in the treatment of cancer as well as other ailments. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was aimed to reveal three different PBs' aqueous extracts(viz. PB-A, PB-B, PB-C) chemical constituent's profile using GC-MS analysis, anticancer property on A375, HeLa and MCF7 cancer cells, toxicity profile on zebrafish embryo morphology, EC50, LC50 and teratogenicity index. MATERIALS AND METHODS PBs' extracts characterization was performed through GC-MS analysis, in vitro anticancer effect was carried out on A375, HeLa and MCF7 cancer cell lines and finally and toxicity properties on three different PBs aqueous extracts (viz. PB-A, PB-B, PB-C) were determined using zebrafish embryo model. RESULTS The GC-MS analysis revealed 10 similar compounds in all PBs' extracts. Dilauryl thiodipropionate was found to be a major compound in all PBs' extracts followed by tetradecanoic acid. An in vitro anticancer study revealed PB extracts exerted median inhibition concentration (IC50) <50 μg/mL, on cancer cells viz. A375, HeLa and MCF7 with no significant toxicity on normal cells viz. NHDF cells. In vivo toxicity of PBs extracts found affecting tail detachment, hatching, craniofacial, brain morphology, soft tissues, edema, spinal, somites, notochord and cardiovascular system (brachycardia, disruption of blood circulation) deformities. The LC50 and EC50 demonstrated PB extracts effect as dose and time dependent with median concentration <150.0 μg/mL. Additionally, teratogenicity index (TI) viz. >1.0 revealed teratogenic property for PB extracts. CONCLUSIONS The findings revealed that all three PBs aqueous extracts possessed anticancer activity and exhibited significant toxicological effects on zebrafish embryos with high teratogenicity index. Hence, its use as an anticancer agent requires further investigation and medical attentions to determine its safe dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Al'aina Yuhainis Firus Khan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kuliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Qamar Uddin Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kuliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Tanzina Sharmin Nippun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kuliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Ayah Hilles
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kuliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Tara K Jalal
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kuliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Lay Kek Teh
- Pharmacogenomics Centre PROMISE, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300, Kuala Selangor, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Zaki Salleh
- Pharmacogenomics Centre PROMISE, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300, Kuala Selangor, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Suzita Mohd Noor
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Jalan Universiti, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azman Seeni
- Cluster of Integrative Medicine, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200, Bertam, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Alfi Khatib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kuliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia; Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, 60155, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Ridhwan Abdul Wahab
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kuliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.
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Nikam VS, Singh D, Takawale R, Ghante MR. Zebrafish: An emerging whole-organism screening tool in safety pharmacology. Indian J Pharmacol 2020; 52:505-513. [PMID: 33666192 PMCID: PMC8092182 DOI: 10.4103/ijp.ijp_482_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last two decades, the development in drug discovery is slackening due to drug withdrawal from the market or reported to have postmarket safety events. The vital organ toxicities, especially cardiotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, pulmonary toxicity, and neurotoxicity are the major concerns for high drug attrition rates. The pharmaceutical industry is looking for high throughput, high content analysis based novel assays that would be fast, efficient, reproducible, and cost-effective; would address toxicity, the safety of lead molecules, and complement currently used cell-based assays in preclinical testing. The use of zebrafish, a vertebrate screening model, for preclinical testing is increasing owing to the number of advantages and striking similarities with the mammal. The zebrafish embryo development is fast and all vital organs such as the heart, liver, brain, pancreas, and kidneys in zebrafish are functional within 96-120hpf. The maintenance cost of zebrafish is reasonably low as compared to mammalian systems. Due to these features, zebrafish has arisen as a potential experimental screening model in lead identification and validation in the drug efficacy, toxicity, and safety evaluation. Numbers of drugs and chemicals are screened using zebrafish embryos, and results were found to show 100% concordance with mammalian screening data. The application of zebrafish, being a whole-organism screening model, would show a significant reduction in the cost and time required in the drug development process. The present challenge includes complete automation of the zebrafish screening model, i.e., from sorting, imaging of embryos to data analysis to accelerate the therapeutic target identification, and validation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana S. Nikam
- Department of Pharmacology, Sinhgad Technical Education Society's Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Pharmacy, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Deeksha Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Sinhgad Technical Education Society's Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Pharmacy, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rohan Takawale
- Department of Pharmacology, Sinhgad Technical Education Society's Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Pharmacy, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Minal R. Ghante
- Department of Pharmacology, Sinhgad Technical Education Society's Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Pharmacy, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Curcumin: Could This Compound Be Useful in Pregnancy and Pregnancy-Related Complications? Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12103179. [PMID: 33080891 PMCID: PMC7603145 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin, the main polyphenol contained in turmeric root (Curcuma longa), has played a significant role in medicine for centuries. The growing interest in plant-derived substances has led to increased consumption of them also in pregnancy. The pleiotropic and multi-targeting actions of curcumin have made it very attractive as a health-promoting compound. In spite of the beneficial effects observed in various chronic diseases in humans, limited and fragmentary information is currently available about curcumin’s effects on pregnancy and pregnancy-related complications. It is known that immune-metabolic alterations occurring during pregnancy have consequences on both maternal and fetal tissues, leading to short- and long-term complications. The reported anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitoxicant, neuroprotective, immunomodulatory, antiapoptotic, antiangiogenic, anti-hypertensive, and antidiabetic properties of curcumin appear to be encouraging, not only for the management of pregnancy-related disorders, including gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), preeclampsia (PE), depression, preterm birth, and fetal growth disorders but also to contrast damage induced by natural and chemical toxic agents. The current review summarizes the latest data, mostly obtained from animal models and in vitro studies, on the impact of curcumin on the molecular mechanisms involved in pregnancy pathophysiology, with the aim to shed light on the possible beneficial and/or adverse effects of curcumin on pregnancy outcomes.
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Zebrafish as a Successful Animal Model for Screening Toxicity of Medicinal Plants. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9101345. [PMID: 33053800 PMCID: PMC7601530 DOI: 10.3390/plants9101345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is used as an embryonic and larval model to perform in vitro experiments and developmental toxicity studies. Zebrafish may be used to determine the toxicity of samples in early screening assays, often in a high-throughput manner. The zebrafish embryotoxicity model is at the leading edge of toxicology research due to the short time required for analyses, transparency of embryos, short life cycle, high fertility, and genetic data similarity. Zebrafish toxicity studies range from assessing the toxicity of bioactive compounds or crude extracts from plants to determining the optimal process. Most of the studied extracts were polar, such as ethanol, methanol, and aqueous solutions, which were used to detect the toxicity and bioactivity. This review examines the latest research using zebrafish as a study model and highlights its power as a tool for detecting toxicity of medicinal plants and its effectiveness at enhancing the understanding of new drug generation. The goal of this review was to develop a link to ethnopharmacological zebrafish studies that can be used by other researchers to conduct future research.
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25
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The effects of Piper sarmentosum aqueous extracts on zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos and caudal fin tissue regeneration. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14165. [PMID: 32843675 PMCID: PMC7447815 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70962-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In Malaysia, Piper sarmentosum or ‘kaduk’ is commonly used in traditional medicines. However, its biological effects including in vivo embryonic toxicity and tissue regenerative properties are relatively unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo toxicities and caudal fin tissue regeneration in the presence of P. sarmentosum aqueous extracts. The phytochemical components and antioxidant activity of the extract were studied using GC–MS analysis and DPPH assay, respectively. Embryo toxicity tests involving survival, heartbeat, and morphological analyses were conducted to determine P. sarmentosum extract toxicity (0–60 µg/mL); concentrations of 0–400 µg/mL of the extract were used to study tissue regeneration in the zebrafish caudal fin. The extract contained several phytochemicals with antioxidant activity and exhibited DPPH scavenging activity (IC50 = 50.56 mg/mL). Embryo toxicity assays showed that a concentration of 60 μg/mL showed the highest rates of lethality regardless of exposure time. Slower embryogenesis was observed at 40 µg/mL, with non-viable embryos first detected at 50 µg/mL. Extracts showed significant differences (p < 0.01) for tissue regeneration at all concentrations when compared to non-treated samples. In conclusion, Piper sarmentosum extracts accelerated tissue regeneration, and extract concentrations at 60 µg/mL showed the highest toxicity levels for embryo viability.
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26
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Yesudhason BV, Selvan Christyraj JRS, Ganesan M, Subbiahanadar Chelladurai K, Venkatachalam S, Ramalingam A, Benedict J, Paulraj VD, Selvan Christyraj JD. Developmental stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos and toxicological studies using foldscope microscope. Cell Biol Int 2020; 44:1968-1980. [PMID: 32584484 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio), is a well-established vertebrate animal model widely used in developmental biology and toxicological research. In the present study, foldscope is used as an innovative tool to study the developmental stages and toxicological analysis of the zebrafish embryos. Briefly, the developmental stages, such as zygote, cleavage, blastula, gastrula, segmentation, and pharyngula formation are observed and documented using simple foldscope. Toxicological parameters upon exposure to different concentration of ethanol extract of Curcuma longa and its lead compound, ar-turmerone along with rhodamine B (bio-coupler) on zebrafish embryos are analyzed upto 72 hr using foldscopes in live condition. The lethal endpoints, such as coagulation, lack of somite formation, non-detachment of tail, and lack of heartbeat are clearly monitored and documented using foldscope. Bio-evaluation of test compounds with the aid of foldscope confirms that the toxicity is directly proportional to the concentration. Our results conclude that, ethanol extract of C. longa, ar-turmerone and rhodamine B exposed embryos remains healthy up to 96, 48, and 24 µg concentrations, respectively. Embryos exposed to higher concentrations become coagulated, however normal physiological active movement of tail lashing and heartbeat are evident in lower concentration exposed embryos. Except coagulation, no other abnormalities are observed and interestingly, the hatching ability is not delayed, when compared with the control embryos. It is confirmed that the test compounds are not highly toxic to zebrafish embryos. Hence it can be used for further analysis, especially for studying the neural-regeneration and its neuronal development in zebrafish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beryl Vedha Yesudhason
- Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Johnson Retnaraj Samuel Selvan Christyraj
- Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Mijithra Ganesan
- Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Karthikeyan Subbiahanadar Chelladurai
- Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Saravanakumar Venkatachalam
- Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Arun Ramalingam
- Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Johnson Benedict
- Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Vennila Devi Paulraj
- Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Jackson Durairaj Selvan Christyraj
- Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
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Wang D, Hiebl V, Xu T, Ladurner A, Atanasov AG, Heiss EH, Dirsch VM. Impact of natural products on the cholesterol transporter ABCA1. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 249:112444. [PMID: 31805338 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In different countries and areas of the world, traditional medicine has been and is still used for the treatment of various disorders, including chest pain or liver complaints, of which we now know that they can be linked with altered lipid and cholesterol homeostasis. As ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) plays an essential role in cholesterol metabolism, its modulation may be one of the molecular mechanisms responsible for the experienced benefit of traditional recipes. Intense research activity has been dedicated to the identification of natural products from traditional medicine that regulate ABCA1 expression. AIMS OF THE REVIEW This review surveys natural products, originating from ethnopharmacologically used plants, fungi or marine sources, which influence ABCA1 expression, providing a reference for future study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information on regulation of ABCA1 expression by natural compounds from traditional medicine was extracted from ancient and modern books, materia medica, and electronic databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and ResearchGate). RESULTS More than 60 natural compounds from traditional medicine, especially traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), are reported to regulate ABCA1 expression in different in vitro and in vivo models (such as cholesterol efflux and atherosclerotic animal models). These active compounds belong to the classes of polyketides, terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, tannins, alkaloids, steroids, amino acids and others. Several compounds appear very promising in vivo, which need to be further investigated in animal models of diseases related to ABCA1 or in clinical studies. CONCLUSION Natural products from traditional medicine constitute a large promising pool for compounds that regulate ABCA1 expression, and thus may prevent/treat diseases related to cholesterol metabolism, like atherosclerosis or Alzheimer's disease. In many cases, the molecular mechanisms of these natural products remain to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Wang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fei Shan Jie 32, 550003, Guiyang, China
| | - Verena Hiebl
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tao Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fei Shan Jie 32, 550003, Guiyang, China
| | - Angela Ladurner
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria; Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postepu 36A, 05-552, Jastrzębiec, Poland; Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 23 Acad. G. Bonchevstr., 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Elke H Heiss
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena M Dirsch
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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Menezes TM, Gaião WDC, de Almeida Sousa Lima LC, da Silva AKB, Lima LWS, de Souza Pereira ÁM, da Silva LC, da Silva VL, de Souza Franco E, Paz ST, Maia CS, da Silva TMS, de Sousa Maia MB. Evaluation of acute oral toxicity, embryotoxicity and cytotoxicity of the polar fraction of Parkinsonia aculeata aerial parts extract. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2020; 9:19-27. [PMID: 32440335 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfz002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethnopharmacobotanical information reports that Parkinsonia aculeata infusion is used to control diabetes-related complications and dyslipidemia. However, few studies are reported on the safe use of this species. The aim of this study is to evaluate the acute toxicity, embryotoxicity and cytotoxicity of a polar fraction obtained from hydroethanolic extract of P. aculeata (PfrHEPA). For the acute toxicity test, we considered the Up and Down method which the guidelines are described by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD N°425). The animals were treated with PfrHEPA (2000 mg/kg) or with distilled water (10 ml/kg) by gavage and observed from Day 1 to14. For embryotoxicity assay, zebrafish embryos were exposed to PfrHEPA (100 mg/L) and toxicity parameters were observed during four consecutive days. The cytotoxicity of PfrHEPA (5, 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 μg/ml, respectively) was performed on normal cell lines (mesenchymal stem cells, African green monkey renal cells and mouse pre-adipocytes 3 T3-L1 using the MTT salt reduction assay. In the acute toxicity test, no mortality was observed in mice treated with PfrHEPA (2000 mg/kg), as well as behavioral changes, histopathological abnormalities and hematological and biochemical variables. In the embryotoxicity test, no abnormal changes related to the toxicological parameters were observed in the period of 96 h. Regarding the cytotoxicity assay, PfrHEPA showed no cytotoxic effect on the normal cell lines tested, with an IC50 value > 100 μg/ml. These results suggest the safe use of P. aculeata, however, more trials are needed for PfrHEPA to be presented as new safe therapeutic proposal for the control of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamires Meira Menezes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Laísa Wanessa Santos Lima
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Luciano Clemente da Silva
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Valdir Luna da Silva
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Silvania Tavares Paz
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Carina Scanoni Maia
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Mektrirat R, Yano T, Okonogi S, Katip W, Pikulkaew S. Phytochemical and Safety Evaluations of Volatile Terpenoids from Zingiber Cassumunar Roxb. On Mature Carp Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and Embryonic Zebrafish. Molecules 2020; 25:E613. [PMID: 32019210 PMCID: PMC7037714 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceutical products of essential oil from Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. are extensively being developed, while the research on their safety is seldom documented. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the phytochemical profile and the effect of cassumunar ginger oil on cell-based assay and the zebrafish model. The essential oil was isolated from fresh rhizomes of Z. cassumunar using simultaneous steam-distillation. Chemical composition was analyzed using gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer (GC-MS). Effect of cassumunar ginger oil on adult carp fish peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was investigated using MTT assay. The embryotoxic and teratogenic effects of cassumunar ginger oil were studied in zebrafish embryos. GC-MS results showed that the essential oil was composed of sabinene (43.54%) and terpinen-4-ol (29.52%) as the major phytoconstituents. No fish PBMC cytotoxic effect was observed with the concentration less than 50 µg/mL of cassumunar ginger oil. Our results showed for the first time the embryotoxic and teratogenic effects of cassumunar ginger oil in zebrafish embryos. The result indicated that the cassumunar ginger oil induced zebrafish embryotoxicity in a concentration-dependent manner. At 500 µg/mL of cassumunar ginger oil demonstrated significantly moderated embryotoxicity within 24 h (p < 0.05). The survival rate of 100 µg/mL of cassumunar ginger group was markedly declined to zero at 96-h post-fertilization (log-rank test, p = 0.001). However, survival rates of zebrafish embryo in the 1 and 10 µg/mL cassumunar ginger groups were more than 90% throughout the trial period. Moreover, very low teratogenicity to the zebrafish embryo was also observed in 1 and 10 µg/mL of cassumunar ginger groups. Our findings suggest that there is hardly any cytotoxicity, embryotoxicity and teratogenicity at concentrations less than 10 µg/mL of cassumunar ginger oil. However, the toxicity assessment of its pharmaceutical product should prove for further consumer protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raktham Mektrirat
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand;
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Terdsak Yano
- Department of Food Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand;
| | - Siriporn Okonogi
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Wasan Katip
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Surachai Pikulkaew
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Department of Food Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand;
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30
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Toxicity Assessment of Herbal Medicine Using Zebrafish Embryos: A Systematic Review. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:7272808. [PMID: 31781278 PMCID: PMC6875295 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7272808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Herbal remedies have been practiced by humans over centuries and therefore possess time-proven safety. However, it is imperative to evaluate the toxic effects of herbal medicine to confirm their safety, particularly when developing therapeutic leads. Use of laboratory animals such as rats, mice, and rabbits was considered as gold standard in herbal toxicity assessments. However, in the last few decades, the ethical consideration of using higher vertebrates for toxicity testing has become more contentious. Thus, possible alternative models entailing lower vertebrates such as zebrafish were introduced. The zebrafish embryotoxicity model is at the forefront of toxicology assessment due to the transparent nature of embryos, low cost, short cycle, higher fecundity, and genetic redundancy to the humans. Recently, its application has been extended to herbal toxicology. The present review intends to provide a comprehensive assembly of studies that applied the zebrafish embryo model for the assessment of herbal toxicity. A systematic literature survey was carried out in popular scientific databases. The literature search identified a total of 1014 articles in PubMed = 12, Scopus SciVerse® = 623, and Google Scholar = 1000. After screening, 25 articles were included in this review, and they were categorized into three groups in which the zebrafish embryotoxicity assay has been applied to investigate the toxicity of (1) polyherbal formulae/medical prescription (2 full texts), (2) crude extracts (12 full texts), and (3) phytocompounds/isolated constituents (11 full texts). These studies have investigated the toxicity of 6 polyherbal formulae, 16 crude extracts, and more than 30 phytocompounds/isolated constituents using the zebrafish embryotoxicity model. Moreover, this model has explicated the teratogenic effects and specific organ toxicities such as the kidney, heart, and liver. Furthermore, in some studies, the molecular mechanisms underlying the toxicity of herbal medicine have been elucidated. This comprehensive collection of scientific data solidifies the zebrafish embryo model as an effective model system for studying toxicological effects of a broad spectrum of herbal remedies. Henceforth, it provides a novel insight into the toxicity assessment of herbal medicine.
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