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Ozarli I, Yeter HH, Sener YZ, Cebrailov C, Yildirim T, Yilmaz R. Effects of a medium cut-off dialyzer on inflammation and cardiac and vascular function in hemodialysis patients with heart failure. Hemodial Int 2024; 28:326-335. [PMID: 38923655 DOI: 10.1111/hdi.13166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Expanded hemodialysis (HDx) could provide clearance of larger middle-molecule uremic toxins. We compared the effect of hemodialysis with medium cut-off membranes and high-flux (HFHD) membranes regarding changes in inflammation and vascular and left ventricular function. METHODS This was a single-center, prospective, parallel-group comparative study. Patients were divided into two groups (HDx: 25 patients and HFHD: 26 patients). All measurements were performed at baseline and 12 weeks. Serum c-reactive protein, interkelukin-18, pentraxin-3, β-2 microglobulin, and brain natriuretic peptide were measured. We used pulse wave velocity and augmentation index to assess arterial stiffness and echocardiography to evaluate left and right ventricular function. FINDINGS We enrolled 51 patients. Although serum c-reactive protein, interkelukin-18, pentraxin 3, and β-2 microglobulin were significantly decreased in the HDx group (p = 0.02, p < 0.001, p = 0.002, and p = 0.02, respectively), there was no significant change in HFHD group at 12th week. Serum c-reactive protein and interkelukin-18were significantly lower in the HDx group compared to the HFHD group in the 12th week (p = 0.007 and p = 0.03, respectively). We observed a significant decrease in pulse wave velocity in the HDx group at the end of the study (p = 0.03). Although there was no significant change in pulse wave velocity in the HFHD group, pulse wave velocity was similar between the HDx and HFHD groups in the 12th week. We detected a significant decrease in the mean isovolumetric relaxation time in the HDx group (p = 0.006). However, there was no significant difference in isovolumetric relaxation time between the HDx and HFHD groups in the 12th week. DISCUSSION HDx provides better clearance of middle molecular uremic toxins and inflammatory biomarkers, and it may be associated with better central hemodynamic parameters and diastolic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irem Ozarli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hacı Hasan Yeter
- Department of Nephrology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Ziya Sener
- Department of Cardiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cebrail Cebrailov
- Department of Nephrology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tolga Yildirim
- Department of Nephrology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Rahmi Yilmaz
- Department of Nephrology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Kooshki A, Memarzadeh MR, Rakhshani MH, Akbarzadeh R, Tofighiyan T, Foroumandi E. Aloe vera supplementation improves cardiovascular risk factors in hemodialysis patients: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF PHYTOMEDICINE 2024; 14:422-430. [PMID: 38952774 PMCID: PMC11179180 DOI: 10.22038/ajp.2023.23447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Objective This study assessed the effects of Aloe vera supplementation on serum inflammatory factors, blood sugar and lipid profiles in hemodialysis patients. Materials and Methods Totally, 50 hemodialysis patients were allocated randomly to either Aloe vera or placebo groups. The Aloe vera group received 2 Aloe vera capsules daily for 8 weeks (500 mg/day). Serum C-reactive protein (hs- CRP), Fasting blood glucose (FBS), and lipid profiles levels were evaluated at the baseline and the end of the eighth week. Results Aloe vera supplementation for 8 weeks was associated with a significant reduction of serum hs- CRP (p=0.004), total cholesterol (p=0.01), low density lipoprotein (LDL) (p=0.02) leves and increased high density lipoprotein (HDL) (p=0.002) concentration in the hemodialysis patients. Conclusion Aloe vera supplementation is beneficial in improvement of cardiovascular risk factors in hemodialysis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Kooshki
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Department of Nutrition & Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Hassan Rakhshani
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Roya Akbarzadeh
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Paramedical, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Tahereh Tofighiyan
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Elaheh Foroumandi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Department of Nutrition & Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
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Viramontes-Hörner D, Selby NM, Taal MW. Prospective Study of Change in Skin Autofluorescence Over Time and Mortality in People Receiving Hemodialysis. Kidney Int Rep 2024; 9:2110-2116. [PMID: 39081750 PMCID: PMC11284442 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2024.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Elevated skin autofluorescence (SAF), a measure of tissue accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), is a strong predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the hemodialysis population. However, prospective studies investigating the association between changes in SAF over time and mortality are scarce. We therefore aimed to investigate the prognostic value of SAF trend for predicting mortality in a hemodialysis population. Methods We enrolled 120 patients on hemodialysis in a 5-year observational, prospective study. SAF was measured at baseline, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 months. Rate of change in SAF (i.e., SAF trend) was calculated using linear regression. Time to event was the number of days from baseline to death, kidney transplantation, or March 31, 2022. Results Mean age, mean baseline SAF, and median SAF trend were 65 ± 14 years, 3.4 ± 0.9 arbitrary units (AU), and an increase of 0.1 (-0.1 to 0.4) AU/yr, respectively. Median observation time was 42 months, during which 59 participants (49%) died. Univariable analysis identified age, history of smoking, lower serum albumin, higher baseline SAF, and increase in SAF as significant predictors of higher mortality. In multivariable analysis, higher baseline SAF (hazard ratio: 1.45; 95% confidence interval: 1.08-1.94; P = 0.01) and increasing SAF trend (2.37 [1.43-3.93]; P < 0.001) were independent predictors of increased mortality. Conclusion An increasing SAF trend and higher baseline SAF were independent predictors of all-cause mortality in this hemodialysis population, suggesting that monitoring of SAF may have clinical utility. Strategies to improve outcomes by reducing or preventing the increase in SAF should now be investigated in prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Viramontes-Hörner
- Centre for Kidney Research and Innovation, Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Nicholas M. Selby
- Centre for Kidney Research and Innovation, Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK
- Department of Renal Medicine, University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Derby Hospital, UK
| | - Maarten W. Taal
- Centre for Kidney Research and Innovation, Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK
- Department of Renal Medicine, University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Derby Hospital, UK
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Yüzbaşıoğlu Y, Hazar M, Aydın Dilsiz S, Yücel C, Bulut M, Cetinkaya S, Erdem O, Basaran N. Biomonitoring of Oxidative-Stress-Related Genotoxic Damage in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease. TOXICS 2024; 12:69. [PMID: 38251024 PMCID: PMC10819997 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD), a common progressive renal failure characterized by the permanent loss of functional nephrons can rapidly progress to end-stage renal disease, which is known to be an irreversible renal failure. In the therapy of ESRD, there are controversial suggestions about the use of regular dialysis, since it is claimed to increase oxidative stress, which may increase mortality in patients. In ESRD, oxidative-stress-related DNA damage is expected to occur, along with increased inflammation. Many factors, including heavy metals, have been suggested to exacerbate the damage in kidneys; therefore, it is important to reveal the relationship between these factors in ESRD patients. There are very few studies showing the role of oxidative-stress-related genotoxic events in the progression of ESRD patients. Within the scope of this study, genotoxic damage was evaluated using the comet assay and 8-OHdG measurement in patients with ESRD who were undergoing hemodialysis. The biochemical changes, the levels of heavy metals (aluminum, arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury) in the blood, and the oxidative biomarkers, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were evaluated, and their relationship with genotoxic damages was revealed. Genotoxicity, oxidative stress, and heavy-metal levels, except mercury, increased significantly in all renal patients. DNA damage, 8OHdG, and MDA significantly increased, and GSH significantly decreased in patients undergoing dialysis, compared with those not having dialysis. The duration and the severity of disease was positively correlated with increased aluminum levels and moderate positively correlated with increased DNA damage and cadmium levels. In conclusion, this study revealed that the oxidative-stress-related DNA damage, and also the levels of Al and Cd, increased in ESRD patients. It is assumed that these changes may play an important role in the progression of renal damage. Approaches for reducing oxidative-stress-related DNA damage and heavy-metal load in ESRD patients are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yücel Yüzbaşıoğlu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ankara Gülhane Training and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, Ankara 06018, Türkiye
| | - Merve Hazar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ağrı İbrahim Cecen University, Ağrı 04100, Türkiye;
| | - Sevtap Aydın Dilsiz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Türkiye;
| | - Ciğdem Yücel
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Ankara Gülhane Training and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, Ankara 06018, Türkiye;
| | - Mesudiye Bulut
- Department of Nephrology, Ankara Gülhane Training and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, Ankara 06018, Türkiye;
| | - Serdar Cetinkaya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Gülhane Faculty of Pharmacy, Health Sciences University, Ankara 06018, Türkiye; (S.C.); (O.E.)
| | - Onur Erdem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Gülhane Faculty of Pharmacy, Health Sciences University, Ankara 06018, Türkiye; (S.C.); (O.E.)
| | - Nursen Basaran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Başkent University, Ankara 06790, Türkiye;
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La Russa D, Barberio L, Marrone A, Perri A, Pellegrino D. Caloric Restriction Mitigates Kidney Fibrosis in an Aged and Obese Rat Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1778. [PMID: 37760081 PMCID: PMC10525959 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Caloric restriction is an effective intervention to protract healthspan and lifespan in several animal models from yeast to primates, including humans. Caloric restriction has been found to induce cardiometabolic adaptations associated with improved health and to delay the onset and progression of kidney disease in different species, particularly in rodent models. In both aging and obesity, fibrosis is a hallmark of kidney disease, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition is a key process that leads to fibrosis and renal dysfunction during aging. In this study, we used an aged and obese rat model to evaluate the effect of long-term (6 months) caloric restriction (-40%) on renal damage both from a structural and functional point of view. Renal interstitial fibrosis was analyzed by histological techniques, whereas effects on mesenchymal (N-cadherin, Vimentin, Desmin and α-SMA), antioxidant (SOD1, SOD2, Catalase and GSTP1) inflammatory (YM1 and iNOS) markers and apoptotic/cell cycle (BAX, BCL2, pJNK, Caspase 3 and p27) pathways were investigated using Western blot analysis. Our results clearly showed that caloric restriction promotes cell cycle division and reduces apoptotic injury and fibrosis phenotype through inflammation attenuation and leukocyte infiltration. In conclusion, we highlight the beneficial effects of caloric restriction to preserve elderly kidney function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele La Russa
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (L.B.); (A.M.); (D.P.)
- LARSO (Analysis and Research on Oxidative Stress Laboratory), University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Laura Barberio
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (L.B.); (A.M.); (D.P.)
- LARSO (Analysis and Research on Oxidative Stress Laboratory), University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Alessandro Marrone
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (L.B.); (A.M.); (D.P.)
| | - Anna Perri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Daniela Pellegrino
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (L.B.); (A.M.); (D.P.)
- LARSO (Analysis and Research on Oxidative Stress Laboratory), University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
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Al-hakeim HK, Twaij BAA, Ahmed MH, Almulla AF, Moustafa SR, Maes M. In end-stage kidney disease, inflammation, erythron abnormalities and declined kidney function tests are accompanied by increased affective symptoms, chronic-fatigue, and fibromyalgia.. [DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.12.23284460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
AbstractBackgroundNumerous neuropsychiatric symptoms, including affective symptoms, chronic fatigue syndrome, and fibromyalgia symptoms, are present in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). This study examines the relationship between neuropsychiatric symptoms and red blood cell (RBC) parameters, kidney function tests, zinc, C-reactive protein, and calcium levels in patients with ESRD.MethodsThe above biomarkers and the Beck-Depression Inventory, the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, and the Fibro-Fatigue Rating Scale were measured in 70 patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and 46 healthy controls.ResultsIncreased scores of depressive, anxious, cognitive, and physiosomatic symptoms (including chronic fatigue, fibromyalgia, and autonomous symptoms) characterise ESRD. One latent vector could be extracted from these diverse symptom domains, which are, therefore, manifestations of a common core referred to as the physio-affective phenome. The combined effects of aberrations in red blood cells (RBC) (number of RBC, hematocrit, and haemoglobin), kidney function tests (glomerular filtration rate, ureum, creatinine, albumin, and total serum protein), C-reactive protein, zinc, and copper explained 85.0% of the variance in the physio-affective phenome. In addition, the effects of kidney function decline on the phenome were partially mediated by RBC aberrations and elevated copper, whereas the effects of dialysis frequency were entirely mediated by decreased zinc and elevated CRP.ConclusionsAffective (depression and anxiety), cognitive, and physiosomatic symptoms due to ESRD are interrelated manifestations of the physio-affective phenome, which is driven by (in descending order of importance) kidney dysfunctions, erythron deficits, inflammation, elevated copper, and decreased zinc.
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Asad HN, Al-Hakeim HK, Moustafa SR, Maes M. A Causal-Pathway Phenotype of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome due to Hemodialysis in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2023; 22:191-206. [PMID: 35366785 DOI: 10.2174/1871527321666220401140747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is associated with fatigue and physiosomatic symptoms. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to delineate the associations between severity of fatigue and physio-somatic symptoms and glomerular filtration rate, inflammatory biomarkers, and Wnt/cateninpathway proteins. METHODS The Wnt-pathway related proteins β-catenin, Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1), R-spondin- 1, and sclerostin were measured by ELISA technique in 60 ESRD patients and 30 controls. The Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (FF) Rating Scale was used to assess the severity of FF symptoms. RESULTS ESRD is characterized by a significant increase in the total FF score, muscle tension, fatigue, sadness, sleep disorders, gastro-intestinal (GI) symptoms, and a flu-like malaise. The total-FF score was significantly correlated with serum levels of urea, creatinine, and copper (positively), and β-catenin, eGFR, hemoglobin, albumin, and zinc (inversely). The total-FF score was associated with the number of total dialysis and weekly dialysis sessions, and these dialysis characteristics were more important in predicting FF scores than eGFR measurements. Partial Least Squares analysis showed that the FF score comprised two factors that are differently associated with biomarkers: a) 43.0% of the variance in fatigue, GI symptoms, muscle tension, sadness, and insomnia is explained by hemoglobin, albumin, zinc, β-catenin, and R-spondin-1; and b) 22.3% of the variance in irritability, concentration and memory impairments by increased copper and cations/chloride ratio, and male sex. CONCLUSION ESRD patients show high levels of fatigue and physio-somatic symptoms associated with hemodialysis and mediated by dialysis-induced changes in inflammatory pathways, the Wnt/catenin pathway, and copper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halah Nori Asad
- Al Najaf Health Directorate, Higher Health Institute, Najaf, Iraq
| | | | - Shatha Rouf Moustafa
- Department of Clinical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- School of Medicine, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, VIC, 3220, Australia
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Omar S, El Borolossy RM, Elsaid T, Sabri NA. Evaluation of the combination effect of rutin and vitamin C supplementation on the oxidative stress and inflammation in hemodialysis patients. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:961590. [PMID: 36160426 PMCID: PMC9493033 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.961590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hemodialysis (HD) patients are at risk of malnutrition, cardiovascular complications, and all-cause mortality due to oxidative stress and inflammation. Some studies have demonstrated that rutin attenuates oxidative stress and inflammation in CKD rats, but its effects in HD patients are unknown to date.Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of rutin and vitamin C versus vitamin C alone on oxidative stress and inflammation in HD patients.Methods: A prospective randomized, open-label, controlled trial enrolled on hundred and five HD patients divided into three groups as follows: patients in group 1 were given a rutin/vitamin C combination (Ruta C group as the combination trade name is known as Ruta C 60 tablets), patients in group 2 were given vitamin C (1 g) (vitamin C group), and group 3 was the control group; the study period was 16 weeks. The following were assessed at baseline and at the end of the study: serum malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), lipid profile levels, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate.Results: It was found that vitamin C significantly increased serum GPx in group 2 (p = 0.001) compared to a non-significant result in both group 1 and 3; in addition, serum MDA and TNF-α values had decreased significantly in the three groups compared to their baselines; however, a non-significant difference was seen among the studied groups at the end of the study. On the other hand, MDA levels were reduced by 50% in interventional groups compared to 28% in the control group, while the Ruta C group showed an 80% reduction in the level of TNF α compared to the 78% reduction observed in the vitamin C group, and finally, the interventional drugs showed a significant improvement in the lipid profile.Conclusion: Vitamin C supplementation alone for 16 weeks had a potential effect on the antioxidant’s GPx activity. Moreover, it was reported that both vitamin C alone or the rutin/vitamin C combination (Ruta C) showed a protective role against lipid peroxidation, evidenced by the reduced levels of MDA. Finally, rutin had a favorable synergistic effect with vitamin C in reducing TG and TNF-α levels and increasing HDL-C level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia Omar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Samia Omar,
| | | | - Tamer Elsaid
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nagwa A. Sabri
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Marrone A, La Russa D, Brunelli E, Santovito G, La Russa MF, Barca D, Pellegrino D. Antarctic Fish as a Global Pollution Sensor: Metals Biomonitoring in a Twelve-Year Period. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:794946. [PMID: 34957222 PMCID: PMC8695606 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.794946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Antarctica represents a unique natural laboratory for ecotoxicological studies as it is characterized by low internal pollutants emissions but high external contamination levels. Indeed, warm temperatures promote pollutant evaporation (low latitudes), while cool temperatures (high latitudes) promote its deposition from the atmosphere on land/water. Metals are the most important pollutants in ecosystems and represent a serious and global threat to aquatic and terrestrial organisms. Since 2000, the risks posed by metals have led many States to ratify protocols aimed at reducing their emissions. Endemic Antarctic organisms represent excellent bioindicators in order to evaluate the efficacy of global measures adopted to mitigate pollutants release into the environment. In this study (supported by PNRA18-00133), we estimated the metals contamination levels and the metallothionein-1 expression in liver samples of two Antarctic fish species, the icefish Chionodraco hamatus and the red-blooded Trematomus bernacchii, collected in the same area during 2002 and 2014. The chosen area is located in the Ross Sea, a unique area as it is also isolated from the rest of the Southern Ocean. The analysis of contamination trends throughout this period showed, in both species, a significant increase over time of metals bioaccumulation and metallothionein-1 expression. In addition, our result clearly indicated that the detoxifying ability of the two organisms analyzed greatly differs, probably due to haemoglobin presence/absence. Our work represents an important early step to obtain valuable information in conservation strategies for both Antarctic and non-Antarctic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Marrone
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Daniele La Russa
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Elvira Brunelli
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | | | | | - Donatella Barca
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Daniela Pellegrino
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
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10
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Kim DK, Lee YH, Kim JS, Kim YG, Lee SY, Ahn SY, Lee DY, Jeong KH, Lee SH, Hwang HS, Moon JY. Circulating Vascular Adhesion Protein-1 Level Predicts the Risk of Cardiovascular Events and Mortality in Hemodialysis Patients. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:701079. [PMID: 34557529 PMCID: PMC8452851 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.701079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) is an oxidative enzyme of primary amines that facilitates the transmigration of inflammatory cells. Its oxidative and inflammatory effects are prominently increased in pathological conditions, such as metabolic, atherosclerotic, and cardiac diseases. However, the clinical significance of circulating VAP-1 levels in hemodialysis (HD) patients is unclear. Methods: A total of 434 HD patients were enrolled in a prospective multicenter cohort study between June 2016 and April 2019. Plasma VAP-1 levels were measured at the time of data entry, and the primary endpoint was defined as a composite of cardiovascular (CV) and cardiac events. Results: Circulating VAP-1 levels were positively correlated with plasma levels of cardiac remodeling markers, including brain natriuretic peptide, galectin-3, and matrix metalloproteinase-2. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that patients with higher circulating VAP-1 levels were more likely to have left ventricular diastolic dysfunction [odds ratio, 1.40; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04–1.88]. The cumulative event rate of the composite of CV events was significantly greater in VAP-1 tertile 3 than in VAP-1 tertiles 1 and 2 (P = 0.009). Patients in tertile 3 were also associated with an increased cumulative event rate of cardiac events (P = 0.015), with a 2.06-fold higher risk each for CV (95% CI, 1.10–3.85) and cardiac (95% CI, 1.03–4.12) events after adjusting for multiple variables. Conclusions: Plasma VAP-1 levels were positively associated with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and the risk of incident CV and cardiac events in HD patients. Our results indicate that VAP-1 may aid clinicians in identifying HD patients at a high risk of CV events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Kyu Kim
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yu Ho Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Jin Sug Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yang Gyun Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - So-Young Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Shin Young Ahn
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong-Young Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung Hwan Jeong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeon Seok Hwang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ju-Young Moon
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
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11
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Ogłodek E, Pilis, Prof. W. Is Water-Only Fasting Safe? Glob Adv Health Med 2021; 10:21649561211031178. [PMID: 34414015 PMCID: PMC8369953 DOI: 10.1177/21649561211031178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Water-only fasting (WF) is a practice used to improve and maintain health. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to show whether WF performed for 8 days may be a threat to the health and/or life of people undergoing this practice. METHODS Twelve middle-aged men participated in the study. During the 8-day WF, the subjects ate no food except for drinking mineral water. Before and after WF, all subjects had a series of tests performed, beginning with the level of perceived stress and somatic measurements. The concentrations of creatinine, sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), total calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg++), urea (U), uric acid (UA) and total protein were determined in this urine and in the serum. For these substances, the values of clearance, renal filtration and fractional excretion were calculated. The osmotic clearance and free water clearance as well as the amount of daily urinary excretion of creatinine, Na+, K+, Ca, Mg++, U and UA were also calculated. Moreover, the concentration of glucose in the serum and the concentration of β-hydroxybutyrate in the plasma were determined. In urine, specific gravity, pH and osmolality were also measured. RESULTS After 8 days of WF, the study showed a significant reduction in the level of perceived stress, weight loss, changes in body composition, dehydration, increased ketogenesis, hyperuricemia, decreased serum glucose concentration, and hyponatremia. These changes were accompanied by Na+, K+ and protein sparing, decreased serum Ca and Mg++ concentrations, and reduced daily volume of more acidic urine with elevated specific gravity. CONCLUSIONS After 8 days of WF, all subjects were found to remain safe and feel the sense of well-being. However, the appearance of the above-mentioned adverse metabolic effects, despite partially effective renal compensations, suggests that the further continuation of fasting intervention by the subjects would be detrimental to their body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Ogłodek
- Mai Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Science, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Health Sciences, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, Poland
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Xu Y, Cao X, Zhao H, Yang E, Wang Y, Cheng N, Cao W. Impact of Camellia japonica Bee Pollen Polyphenols on Hyperuricemia and Gut Microbiota in Potassium Oxonate-Induced Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082665. [PMID: 34444825 PMCID: PMC8401623 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Camellia japonica bee pollen is one of the major types of bee pollen in China and exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The aims of our study were to evaluate the effects and the possible mechanism of Camellia japonica bee pollen polyphenols on the treatment of hyperuricemia induced by potassium oxonate (PO). The results showed that Camellia japonica bee pollen ethyl acetate extract (CPE-E) owned abundant phenolic compounds and strong antioxidant capabilities. Administration with CPE-E for two weeks greatly reduced serum uric acid and improved renal function. It inhibited liver xanthine oxidase (XOD) activity and regulated the expression of urate transporter 1 (URAT1), glucose transporter 9 (GLUT9), organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1), organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1) and ATP-binding cassette superfamily gmember 2 (ABCG2) in kidneys. Moreover, CPE-E suppressed the activation of the toll-like receptor 4/myeloid differentiation factor 88/nuclear factor-κB (TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB) signaling pathway and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in PO-treated mice, and related inflammatory cytokines were reduced. CPE-E also modulated gut microbiota structure, showing that the abundance of Lactobacillus and Clostridiaceae increased in hyperuicemic mice. This study was conducted to explore the protective effect of CPE-E on hyperuricemia and provide new thoughts for the exploitation of Camellia japonica bee pollen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, 229 North TaiBai Road, Xi’an 710069, China; (Y.X.); (H.Z.); (E.Y.); (Y.W.); (W.C.)
| | - Xirong Cao
- College of Clinical Medicine, Jilin University, 828 XinMin Street, Changchun 130021, China;
| | - Haoan Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, 229 North TaiBai Road, Xi’an 710069, China; (Y.X.); (H.Z.); (E.Y.); (Y.W.); (W.C.)
| | - Erlin Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, 229 North TaiBai Road, Xi’an 710069, China; (Y.X.); (H.Z.); (E.Y.); (Y.W.); (W.C.)
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, 229 North TaiBai Road, Xi’an 710069, China; (Y.X.); (H.Z.); (E.Y.); (Y.W.); (W.C.)
| | - Ni Cheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, 229 North TaiBai Road, Xi’an 710069, China; (Y.X.); (H.Z.); (E.Y.); (Y.W.); (W.C.)
- Bee Product Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an 710065, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Wei Cao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, 229 North TaiBai Road, Xi’an 710069, China; (Y.X.); (H.Z.); (E.Y.); (Y.W.); (W.C.)
- Bee Product Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an 710065, China
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Tejchman K, Kotfis K, Sieńko J. Biomarkers and Mechanisms of Oxidative Stress-Last 20 Years of Research with an Emphasis on Kidney Damage and Renal Transplantation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158010. [PMID: 34360776 PMCID: PMC8347360 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is an imbalance between pro- and antioxidants that adversely influences the organism in various mechanisms and on many levels. Oxidative damage occurring concomitantly in many cellular structures may cause a deterioration of function, including apoptosis and necrosis. The damage leaves a molecular “footprint”, which can be detected by specific methodology, using certain oxidative stress biomarkers. There is an intimate relationship between oxidative stress, inflammation, and functional impairment, resulting in various diseases affecting the entire human body. In the current narrative review, we strengthen the connection between oxidative stress mechanisms and their active compounds, emphasizing kidney damage and renal transplantation. An analysis of reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidants, products of peroxidation, and finally signaling pathways gives a lot of promising data that potentially will modify cell responses on many levels, including gene expression. Oxidative damage, stress, and ROS are still intensively exploited research subjects. We discuss compounds mentioned earlier as biomarkers of oxidative stress and present their role documented during the last 20 years of research. The following keywords and MeSH terms were used in the search: oxidative stress, kidney, transplantation, ischemia-reperfusion injury, IRI, biomarkers, peroxidation, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Tejchman
- Department of General and Transplantation Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.T.); (J.S.)
| | - Katarzyna Kotfis
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Therapy and Acute Intoxications, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48914661144
| | - Jerzy Sieńko
- Department of General and Transplantation Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.T.); (J.S.)
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Potential Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Serum from Healthy Adolescents with Optimal Mediterranean Diet Adherence: Findings from DIMENU Cross-Sectional Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081172. [PMID: 34439419 PMCID: PMC8389034 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
During adolescence, health status is influenced by several factors, among which dietary pattern is a crucial element of lifestyle in terms of prevention and treatment of metabolic and chronic diseases. The most studied healthy dietary pattern is the Mediterranean Diet (MD), due to a combination of foods that are rich in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory nutrients. The aim of this study, carried out in healthy adolescents from the DIMENU study, is to assess the adherence to the MD, as well as the dietary nutrient intake and to evaluate the potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of sera from participants grouped according to the MD score. Using the KIDMED score, as the MD quality index for children and teenagers, we found that the adolescents in this study had an average adherence to the MD (6.71 ± 2.58). Adolescents were clustered into three groups based on their MD adherence. Assessment of quality by 24 h recall revealed higher intakes in polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)/saturated fatty acid (SFA) ratio, dietary fibers, vitamins, and total oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) in the optimal than in poor MD adherence group. We observed that dietary PUFA/SFA ratio was negatively correlated with serum C-Reactive Protein levels, and total dietary fibers were inversely correlated with Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate values, while total ORAC was directly correlated with serum glucose concentrations. Interestingly, the reactive oxygen metabolite (ROM) concentrations, determined by the ROM assay, were significantly lower in pooled sera from optimal than poor adherers. Finally, using lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human macrophages, as an in vitro model of acute inflammation, we found a reduced secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines upon serum treatment from adolescents with optimal respect to medium and poor MD adherence. Our results highlight the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of serum from adolescents with healthy nutrition in terms of adherence to the MD, which may have a positive impact on the prevention of chronic diseases in adulthood.
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Vida C, Oliva C, Yuste C, Ceprián N, Caro PJ, Valera G, de Pablos IG, Morales E, Carracedo J. Oxidative Stress in Patients with Advanced CKD and Renal Replacement Therapy: The Key Role of Peripheral Blood Leukocytes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1155. [PMID: 34356387 PMCID: PMC8301096 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a key role in the pathophysiology of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Most studies have investigated peripheral redox state focus on plasma, but not in different immune cells. Our study analyzed several redox state markers in plasma and isolated peripheral polymorphonuclear (PMNs) and mononuclear (MNs) leukocytes from advanced-CKD patients, also evaluating differences of hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) procedures. Antioxidant (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reduced glutathione (GSH)) and oxidant parameters (xanthine oxidase (XO), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), malondialdehyde (MDA)) were assessed in plasma, PMNs and MNs from non-dialysis-dependent-CKD (NDD-CKD), HD and PD patients and healthy controls. Increased oxidative stress and damage were observed in plasma, PMNs and MNs from NDD-CKD, HD and PD patients (increased XO, GSSG and MDA; decreased SOD, CAT, GPX and GSH; altered GSSG/GSH balance). Several oxidative alterations were more exacerbated in PMNs, whereas others were only observed in MNs. Dialysis procedures had a positive effect on preserving the GSSG/GSH balance in PMNs. Interestingly, PD patients showed greater oxidative stress than HD patients, especially in MNs. The assessment of redox state parameters in PMNs and MNs could have potential use as biomarkers of the CKD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Vida
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.O.); (N.C.); (G.V.)
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (C.Y.); (P.J.C.); (I.G.d.P.); (E.M.)
| | - Carlos Oliva
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.O.); (N.C.); (G.V.)
| | - Claudia Yuste
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (C.Y.); (P.J.C.); (I.G.d.P.); (E.M.)
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Noemí Ceprián
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.O.); (N.C.); (G.V.)
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (C.Y.); (P.J.C.); (I.G.d.P.); (E.M.)
| | - Paula Jara Caro
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (C.Y.); (P.J.C.); (I.G.d.P.); (E.M.)
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Valera
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.O.); (N.C.); (G.V.)
| | - Ignacio González de Pablos
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (C.Y.); (P.J.C.); (I.G.d.P.); (E.M.)
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Morales
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (C.Y.); (P.J.C.); (I.G.d.P.); (E.M.)
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Carracedo
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.O.); (N.C.); (G.V.)
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (C.Y.); (P.J.C.); (I.G.d.P.); (E.M.)
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Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory response to curcumin supplementation in hemodialysis patients: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 44:136-142. [PMID: 34330457 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Hemodialysis (HD) patients are vulnerable to malnutrition and cardiovascular complications due to many factors, including oxidative stress and inflammation. Curcumin supplementation is associated with attenuation of proinflammatory cytokines and increased activity of antioxidant enzymes, but its effects in HD patients are unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of curcumin supplementation on oxidative stress and inflammation in HD patients. METHODS This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial enrolled 43 HD patients and divided them into two groups: supplemented with curcumin (1 g/day) or placebo (corn starch) for 12 weeks. Demographic information and blood samples were taken at the start and the end of the study to determine serum malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations, antioxidant enzyme activity, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). RESULTS The curcumin group showed a significant increase in catalase activity [Δ = 1.13 ± 2.87 versus Δ = -1.08 ± 2.68; p = 0.048] and preserved glutathione peroxidase activity [Δ = -4.23 ± 11.50 versus Δ = -14.44 ± 13.96; p < 0.01] compared with the placebo group. However, no significant changes were found in MDA concentrations, glutathione reductase activity, and hs-CRP concentrations after the intervention. CONCLUSION Curcumin supplementation for 12 weeks had potential effects on antioxidant response, but it was not enough to reduce oxidative stress markers and inflammation in HD patients. This trial was registered at EnsaiosClínicos.gov.br under registration number RBR-2t5zpd.
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Valtuille RA, Rossi G, Gimenez E. Protective Effect of Autologous Arteriovenous Fistulae Against Oxidative Stress in Hemodialyzed Patients. Cureus 2021; 13:e15398. [PMID: 34249547 PMCID: PMC8253232 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.15398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Oxidative stress (OS) is ubiquitous in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is exacerbated by hemodialysis (HD). OS is also associated with anemia, malnutrition, and cardiovascular (CV) disease and is an independent predictor of mortality and morbidity in patients undergoing HD. HD vascular access (VA) types are strongly correlated with CKD patient outcomes. Prolonged use of central venous catheters (CVC) for HD and arteriovenous grafts (AVG) promotes inflammation and OS. However, the effects of the VA type on OS have been poorly studied in HD patients. This study investigated OS prevalence in an HD population to determine the relationship between the VA type and HD. Methods: The oxidative stress index (OSI) was used to assess the HD patients’ OS status. OSI summarizes information derived from the reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) fast test and the plasma antioxidant test (PAT) in a single value, using the hydrogen peroxide concentration (for d-ROMs) and ascorbic acid (for PAT) as reference standards. The OSI was created to indicate how far the OS status deviates from normal (i.e., fully compensated oxidative balance). An index increase may be from an increase or decrease in peroxide or antioxidant concentrations. Patients undergoing chronic HD were evaluated by dividing the cases according to the OSI status: normal (N-OSI), borderline (BL-OSI), high (H-OSI), and very high (VH-OSI). Patients with clinical evidence of active infections were excluded. Results: In total, 129 patients were included; 86.8% used high-flux dialyzers, 13.2% used hemodiafiltration (HDF), and 24.5% were diabetic. An altered OSI was observed in 86 of 129 patients (66.7%). An increased OSI correlated with a significant increase in d-ROMs (r = 0.420) and PAT (r = 0.710). There were no differences between sex, diabetes status, age, dialysis vintage, or dialysis modalities. d-ROMs were inversely correlated with hemoglobin levels (r = −0.209). The iron dose by month correlated with the OSI (r = 0.189) and was significantly lower in the N-OSI group. N- and BL-OSI patients had a significantly higher rate of autologous arteriovenous fistula (AVF) compared to the other groups, and VH-OSI patients had a higher rate of permanent tunneled CVC. Conclusion: Most HD patients had more OS, indicated by the OSI scores. In chronic HD patients, AVF had a protective effect against imbalanced peroxidation-antioxidation.
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Li M, Xue W, Li X, Song Y, Liu X, Qin L. Axl is related to inflammation in hemodialysis patients. Mol Immunol 2021; 133:146-153. [PMID: 33667984 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemodialysis (HD) patients often develop chronic inflammation, which is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular complications and mortality. Axl and its ligand, growth arrest 6 (Gas6), have been reported to play key roles in regulating the immune response. However, the function of Axl in HD patients has not been clarified. METHODS In the present study, we enrolled 130 HD patients and 117 normal controls (NCs) and evaluated the levels of inflammatory markers, soluble Axl (sAxl), membrane Axl (mAxl), and Gas6 in all participants. The potential downstream cascades of Gas6-Axl signaling in HD patients were identified by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. RESULTS The levels of inflammatory cytokines-tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-plasma sAxl, and Gas6, were significantly increased in HD patients compared to NCs. Additionally, sAxl was positively associated with the inflammatory factor, interleukin-6 (IL-6), in HD patients. Moreover, we found that mAxl in CD14+ mononuclear cells and CD19+ B cells was increased upon HD. Furthermore, we discovered that the metalloproteinase ADAM17, also called TACE, contributed to the cleavage of mAxl into sAxl, and not ADAM10, in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of HD patients. The upregulation of Gas6-mAxl signaling caused the activation of the STAT1-SOCS3 pathway in the PBMCs of HD patients. After two years follow-up, patients with lower sAxl levels had longer survival time than those with higher sAxl levels. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that Axl may play a significant role in systemic inflammation in HD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Li
- Department of Nephrology & Rheumatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301, Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Wen Xue
- Department of Nephrology & Rheumatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301, Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Xinhua Li
- Department of Nephrology & Rheumatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301, Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yaxiang Song
- Department of Nephrology & Rheumatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301, Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Xinying Liu
- Department of Nephrology & Rheumatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301, Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China.
| | - Ling Qin
- Department of Nephrology & Rheumatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301, Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China.
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Perri A, Lofaro D, LA Russa A, Lupinacci S, Toteda G, Curti A, Urso A, Bonofiglio R, LA Russa D, Pellegrino D, Brunetti A, Greco EA. Pro-inflammatory profile of visceral adipose tissue and oxidative stress in severe obese patients carrying the variant rs4612666 C of NLRP3 gene. Minerva Endocrinol (Torino) 2021; 46:309-316. [PMID: 33855388 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-6507.21.03460-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome machinery has a central role in obesity-induced inflammation. Genetic studies well support the involvement of functional variants of NLRP3 and its negative regulator, CARD8, in the pathogenesis of complex diseases with an inflammatory background. We have investigated the influence of NLRP3 (rs4612666; rs10754558) and CARD8 (rs204321) genetic variants in both the inflammatory status of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) from patients with severe obesity and in the systemic oxidative stress before and after sleevegastrectomy (SLG). METHODS 23 consecutive severe obese patients candidate to SLG were enrolled in the study. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) biopsies, obtained during SLG, were used to evaluate the expression of NLRP3, IL-1β, IL-6, and MCP-1 by real-time RT-PCR. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood lymphocytes and genotyped by RFLP analysis. Before and 3 months after SLG, all patients underwent the assessment of oxidative stress, biochemical parameters, and body-composition as measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). RESULTS Increased expression of NLRP3, IL-6, IL-1β, and MCP-1 mRNA was observed in VAT of rs4612666 C variant carriers, in which higher oxidative stress was also detected as compared to non-carrier individuals. In all patients, oxidative stress, biochemical and BIA parameters improved after SLG, regardless of genotype. No significant correlations were found with the other genetic variants. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the NLRP3 rs4612666 C variant may promote a worse pro-inflammatory-milieu and higher oxidative stress, thus leading patients to a more severe obesity phenotype. A larger study is needed to confirm this assumption and to investigate the impact of the NLRP3 rs4612666 C variant on severe obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Perri
- Kidney and Transplantation Research Center, Annunziata Hospital Cosenza, Cosenza, Italy -
| | - Danilo Lofaro
- Kidney and Transplantation Research Center, Annunziata Hospital Cosenza, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Antonella LA Russa
- Kidney and Transplantation Research Center, Annunziata Hospital Cosenza, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Simona Lupinacci
- Kidney and Transplantation Research Center, Annunziata Hospital Cosenza, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Toteda
- Department of General Surgery, Bariatric Surgery, Annunziata Hospital Cosenza, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Achiropita Curti
- Department of General Surgery, Bariatric Surgery, Annunziata Hospital Cosenza, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Antonino Urso
- Department of General Surgery, Bariatric Surgery, Annunziata Hospital Cosenza, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Renzo Bonofiglio
- Kidney and Transplantation Research Center, Annunziata Hospital Cosenza, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Daniele LA Russa
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, DiBEST, University of Calabria, Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Daniela Pellegrino
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, DiBEST, University of Calabria, Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Antonio Brunetti
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Emanuela A Greco
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
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La Russa D, Marrone A, Mandalà M, Macirella R, Pellegrino D. Antioxidant/Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Caloric Restriction in an Aged and Obese Rat Model: The Role of Adiponectin. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8120532. [PMID: 33255520 PMCID: PMC7761007 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8120532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR) represents a powerful intervention for extending healthspan and lifespan in several animal models, from yeast to primates. Additionally, in humans, CR has been found to induce cardiometabolic adaptations associated with improved health. In this study, we evaluated in an aged and obese rat model the effect of long-term (6 months) caloric restriction (−40%) on the oxidative/inflammatory balance in order to investigate the underlining mechanisms. In plasma, we analyzed the oxidative balance by photometric tests and the adiponectin/tumor necrosis factor-α-induced gene/protein 6 (TSG-6) levels by Western blot analysis. In the white adipose tissue, we examined the protein levels of AdipoR1, pAMPK, NFκB, NRF-2, and glutathione S-tranferase P1 by Western blot analysis. Our results clearly showed that caloric restriction significantly improves the plasmatic oxidative/inflammatory balance in parallel with a major increase in circulating adiponectin levels. Additionally, at the level of adipose tissue, we found a positive modulation of both anti-inflammatory and antioxidant pathways. These adaptations, induced by caloric restriction, with the achievement of normal weight, suggest that inflammatory and redox imbalance in obese aged rats appear to be more linked to obesity than to aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele La Russa
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
- LARSO (Analysis and Research on Oxidative Stress Laboratory), University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy;
- Correspondence: (D.L.R.); (D.P.)
| | - Alessandro Marrone
- LARSO (Analysis and Research on Oxidative Stress Laboratory), University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy;
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (M.M.); (R.M.)
| | - Maurizio Mandalà
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (M.M.); (R.M.)
| | - Rachele Macirella
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (M.M.); (R.M.)
| | - Daniela Pellegrino
- LARSO (Analysis and Research on Oxidative Stress Laboratory), University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy;
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (M.M.); (R.M.)
- Correspondence: (D.L.R.); (D.P.)
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Rysz J, Franczyk B, Ławiński J, Gluba-Brzózka A. Oxidative Stress in ESRD Patients on Dialysis and the Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111079. [PMID: 33153174 PMCID: PMC7693989 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease is highly prevalent worldwide. The decline of renal function is associated with inadequate removal of a variety of uremic toxins that exert detrimental effects on cells functioning, thus affecting the cardiovascular system. The occurrence of cardiovascular aberrations in CKD is related to the impact of traditional risk factors and non-traditional CKD-associated risk factors, including anemia; inflammation; oxidative stress; the presence of some uremic toxins; and factors related to the type, frequency of dialysis and the composition of dialysis fluid. Cardiovascular diseases are the most frequent cause for the deaths of patients with all stages of renal failure. The kidney is one of the vital sources of antioxidant enzymes, therefore, the impairment of this organ is associated with decreased levels of these enzymes as well as increased levels of pro-oxidants. Uremic toxins have been shown to play a vital role in the onset of oxidative stress. Hemodialysis itself also enhances oxidative stress. Elevated oxidative stress has been demonstrated to be strictly related to kidney and cardiac damage as it aggravates kidney dysfunction and induces cardiac hypertrophy. Antioxidant therapies may prove to be beneficial since they can decrease oxidative stress, reduce uremic cardiovascular toxicity and improve survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Rysz
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Łódź, Poland; (J.R.); (B.F.)
| | - Beata Franczyk
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Łódź, Poland; (J.R.); (B.F.)
| | - Janusz Ławiński
- Department of Urology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Anna Gluba-Brzózka
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Łódź, Poland; (J.R.); (B.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-42-639-3750
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Yeter HH, Korucu B, Akcay OF, Derici K, Derici U, Arinsoy T. Effects of medium cut-off dialysis membranes on inflammation and oxidative stress in patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Int Urol Nephrol 2020; 52:1779-1789. [PMID: 32661626 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-020-02562-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Medium cut-off membranes were developed for providing increased clearance of larger middle-molecule uremic toxins. We compared the effect of low-flux, medium cut-off, and high-flux membranes on chronic inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with maintenance hemodialysis. METHODS A total of 42 patients were enrolled in this study. Total antioxidant status, total oxidant status, paraoxonase-1, ischemia-modified albumin, total Thiol, disulfide bond, and native Thiol were measured to determine oxidative stress. C-reactive protein was measured to define inflammation. RESULTS 37% of the total patients were females, and the mean age was 52.9 ± 16 years. Serum albumin and Kt/V were similar between groups during the study period. We did not find any significant difference at baseline in the 3rd and 6th months of the study when we compared the inflammatory marker and oxidative indicator levels between three hemodialysis membranes in the whole study group. In the subgroup analysis of 19 patients with a high C-reactive protein level, we found that the medium cut-off membrane significantly reduced serum C-reactive protein level, when compared to low-flux and high-flux membrane [2.8 mg/L vs. 13.7 mg/L and 6.1 mg/L, respectively, p = 0.05]. However, we did not find a significant change in oxidative stress indicators in patients with high C-reactive protein levels between the three dialysers. CONCLUSION The medium cut-off membrane has favorable effects on inflammation in patients with maintenance hemodialysis. However, this positive effect could not be demonstrated in oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Haci Yeter
- Department of Nephrology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Berfu Korucu
- Department of Nephrology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Kursat Derici
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Kırıkkale University Faculty of Medicine, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Ulver Derici
- Department of Nephrology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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23
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Sotomayor CG, te Velde-Keyzer CA, de Borst MH, Navis GJ, Bakker SJ. Lifestyle, Inflammation, and Vascular Calcification in Kidney Transplant Recipients: Perspectives on Long-Term Outcomes. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E1911. [PMID: 32570920 PMCID: PMC7355938 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
After decades of pioneering and improvement, kidney transplantation is now the renal replacement therapy of choice for most patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Where focus has traditionally been on surgical techniques and immunosuppressive treatment with prevention of rejection and infection in relation to short-term outcomes, nowadays, so many people are long-living with a transplanted kidney that lifestyle, including diet and exposure to toxic contaminants, also becomes of importance for the kidney transplantation field. Beyond hazards of immunological nature, a systematic assessment of potentially modifiable-yet rather overlooked-risk factors for late graft failure and excess cardiovascular risk may reveal novel targets for clinical intervention to optimize long-term health and downturn current rates of premature death of kidney transplant recipients (KTR). It should also be realized that while kidney transplantation aims to restore kidney function, it incompletely mitigates mechanisms of disease such as chronic low-grade inflammation with persistent redox imbalance and deregulated mineral and bone metabolism. While the vicious circle between inflammation and oxidative stress as common final pathway of a multitude of insults plays an established pathological role in native chronic kidney disease, its characterization post-kidney transplant remains less than satisfactory. Next to chronic inflammatory status, markedly accelerated vascular calcification persists after kidney transplantation and is likewise suggested a major independent mechanism, whose mitigation may counterbalance the excess risk of cardiovascular disease post-kidney transplant. Hereby, we first discuss modifiable dietary elements and toxic environmental contaminants that may explain increased risk of cardiovascular mortality and late graft failure in KTR. Next, we specify laboratory and clinical readouts, with a postulated role within persisting mechanisms of disease post-kidney transplantation (i.e., inflammation and redox imbalance and vascular calcification), as potential non-traditional risk factors for adverse long-term outcomes in KTR. Reflection on these current research opportunities is warranted among the research and clinical kidney transplantation community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo G. Sotomayor
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (C.A.t.V.-K.); (M.H.d.B.); (G.J.N.); (S.J.L.B.)
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24
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Pereira Silva G, Grangeiro VPX, de Oliveira CFD, Neto FL, Barroso DH. α1-Acid glycoprotein and seminal parameter in chronic hemodialysis patients. Urologia 2020; 88:46-49. [PMID: 31989872 DOI: 10.1177/0391560319899842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To find out the changes in seminal quality of hemodialysis chronic renal patients, we investigated the possible relationship between seminal parameter and seminal α1-acid glycoprotein levels in chronic hemodialysis patients. METHODS Prospective study of prevalence realized in the Hemodialysis Sector of the University Hospital of the University of Brasília, between July 2016 and December 2016. Men aged 18-60 years grouped into case groups (n = 81) represented by chronic hemodialysis patients and control group (n = 20) of healthy men without clinical or laboratory signs of infection and eugonadic. We performed a spermogram, hormonal profile, and assessment of leukocytes and seminal α1-acid glycoprotein level in the semen. The most appropriate statistical test was applied to verify differences and correlations between the studied variables. RESULTS The age in case and control is similar (49.47 ± 5.55 years vs 50.53 ± 4.24 years; p = 0.060). Mean level of α1-acid glycoprotein in human seminal plasma were not significantly different between case and control (48.52 ± 4.90 mg/L vs 46.33 ± 4.29 mg/L; p = 0.10) and between normosperm and oligosperm (47.76 ± 5.15 mg/L vs 49.48 ± 4.49 mg/L; p = 0.19). Mean level of α1-acid glycoprotein in human seminal plasma in the case group, which were classified into severe, moderate, mild, and normosperm, were similar to each other (p = 0.27) and did not correlate (p > 0.05) with the analyzed seminal parameters. All participants presented normal hormonal profile. CONCLUSION Results of this study suggest that the seminal α1-acid glycoprotein levels do not help in the initial evaluation of patients with seminal parameter changes.
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Pellegrino D, La Russa D, Marrone A. Oxidative Imbalance and Kidney Damage: New Study Perspectives from Animal Models to Hospitalized Patients. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E594. [PMID: 31795160 PMCID: PMC6943704 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8120594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health problem worldwide and affects both elderly and young subjects. Its main consequences include the loss of renal function, leading to end-stage renal disease, an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, a significant increase in morbidity and mortality, and a decrease in health-related quality of life. This review arose in significant part from work in the authors' laboratory, complemented by literature data, and was based on a translational approach: we studied the role of many CKD risk factors, such as hypertension, obesity, and oxidative stress/inflammation. The aim was to identify new molecular mechanisms of kidney damage to prevent it through successful behavior modifications. For this purpose, in our studies, both human and animal models were used. In the animal models, we analyzed the mechanisms of renal damage induced by hypertension (spontaneously hypertensive rats) and obesity (cafeteria diet-fed rats), showing that redox disequilibrium in plasma and tissue is extremely important in renal alteration in terms of both oxidative damage (lipid peroxidation, altered expression antioxidant enzymes) and apoptotic pathway (intrinsic/extrinsic) activation. In hemodialysis patients, we explored the correlation between the global oxidative balance and both inflammatory markers and cardiovascular risk, showing a strong correlation between the oxidative index and the blood levels of C-reactive protein and previous cardiovascular events. This multilevel approach allowed us to individually and synergistically analyze some aspects of the complex pathogenic mechanisms of CKD in order to clarify the role of the new amplified risk factors for CKD and to prepare an effective personalized prevention plan by acting on both modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Pellegrino
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy;
- Analysis and Research on Oxidative Stress Laboratory (LARSO), University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy;
| | - Daniele La Russa
- Analysis and Research on Oxidative Stress Laboratory (LARSO), University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy;
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Alessandro Marrone
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy;
- Analysis and Research on Oxidative Stress Laboratory (LARSO), University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy;
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26
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Relation Between Oxidative Stress and Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis in Hemodyalisis Patients. SERBIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/sjecr-2019-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oxidative stress represents a significant risk factor for the accelerated development of atherosclerosis in a population of patients on regular hemodialysis. Oxidative stress induced by hemodialysis can be triggered with both the bioincompatibility of dialysis membrane and increased endotoxin concentration in a hemodialysis solution.
AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between the parameters of oxidative stress, microinflammation, nutrition, secondary hyperparathyroidism and carotid artery intima-media thickness in patients on regular hemodialysis.
METHODS One hundred and twenty five patients treated with standard hemodialysis and on-line hemodiafiltration with “high-flux” polysulfone dialysis membrane were examined. The following parameters of oxidative stress were measured : index of lipid peroxidation - measured as TBARS, nitric oxide in the form of nitrite - NO2-, super oxide anion radical - O2- and hydrogen peroxide - H2O2, catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione activity. For statistical analysis of results, the following tests were used: the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, the Spirman test and the Pearson correlation test.
RESULTS Oxidative stress affects atherosclerosis of the carotid arteries in patients treated with regular hemodialysis and online hemodiafiltration. There is a statistically significant positive correlation between H2O2 concentration and the thickness of the carotid arteries` intima-media. High statistically significant positive correlation was found between TBARS concentration and carotid arteries intima-media thickness, while a high statistically significant negative correlation was found between SOD activity and a carotid artery intima-media thickness. There is a statistically significant negative correlation between the serum albumin and prealbumin concentration and a carotid artery intima-media thickness.
CONCLUSION Oxidative stress may be a significant risk factor for the carotid artery atherosclerosis development in patients treated with regular hemodialysis.
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Mehmood A, Zhao L, Wang C, Hossen I, Nadeem M. Stevia residue extract alone and combination with allopurinol attenuate hyperuricemia in fructose-PO-induced hyperuricemic mice. J Food Biochem 2019; 44:e13087. [PMID: 31680279 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The current project was designed to utilize flavonoids and chlorogenic acids enriched stevia residue extract (STVRE) against hyperuricemia (HU). The in vitro results showed that STVRE potently and synergistically inhibits Xanthine oxidase (XO) with allopurinol. The AFM results predicted that STVRE compounds bind with XO and alter its structure which further prevents the entrance of substrate with XO. These in vitro results were further confirmed in fructose-PO-induced hyperuricemic mice model. The results showed that supplementation of STVRE with allopurinol significantly attenuated HU, oxidative stress, and inflammation caused by UA via inhibiting the production of uric acid and lowering cyclooxygenase-2, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, prostaglandin E2, interleukin-6, and interleukin 1-beta levels in serum and renal tissues. Moreover, STVRE and allopurinol treatment attenuated, tubular dilation, infiltration of inflammatory cells, improved structure disorder of podocyte, and foot process fusion, and decreased glomerular basement membrane thickness. These findings suggested that STVRE can be used as an antihyperuricemic agent along with allopurinol. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The results of present study showed that STVRE has a beneficial effect against fructose-PO-induced hyperuricemia by decreasing uric acid level, xanthine oxidase activity, improving oxidative stress and inflammation. These findings suggested that by-product of stevia (STVRE) enriched with polyphenolic compounds can be used as a functional ingredient against hyperuricemia and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshad Mehmood
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Chemical Technology, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Chemical Technology, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengtao Wang
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Chemical Technology, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Imam Hossen
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Chemical Technology, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
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Ostadmohammadi V, Soleimani A, Bahmani F, Aghadavod E, Ramezani R, Reiter RJ, Mansournia MA, Banikazemi Z, Soleimani M, Zaroudi M, Asemi Z. The Effects of Melatonin Supplementation on Parameters of Mental Health, Glycemic Control, Markers of Cardiometabolic Risk, and Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Hemodialysis Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. J Ren Nutr 2019; 30:242-250. [PMID: 31597622 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the effects of melatonin supplementation on parameters of mental health, glycemic control, markers of cardiometabolic risk, and oxidative stress in diabetic hemodialysis (HD) patients. DESIGN A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted in 60 diabetic HD patients, 18-80 years of age. Participants were randomly divided into 2 groups to take either melatonin (2 x 5mg/day) (n = 30) or placebo (n = 30) 1 hour before bedtime for 12 weeks. The effects of melatonin on mental health, metabolic status, and gene expression related to metabolic status were assessed using multiple linear regression adjusting for age and BMI. RESULTS Melatonin supplementation significantly decreased Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (P = .007), Beck Depression Inventory index (P = .001), and Beck Anxiety Inventory index (P = .01) compared with the placebo. Additionally, melatonin administration significantly reduced fasting plasma glucose (β = -21.77 mg/dL, 95% CI -33.22 to -10.33, P < .001), serum insulin levels (β = -1.89 μIU/mL, 95% CI -3.34 to -0.45, P = .01), and homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance (β = -1.45, 95% CI -2.10 to -0.80, P < .001), and significantly increased the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (β = 0.01, 95% CI 0.007-0.02, P < .001) compared with placebo treated subjects. In addition, melatonin administration resulted in a significant reduction in serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein (β = -1.92 mg/L, 95% CI -3.02 to -0.83, P = .001) and plasma malondialdehyde (β = -0.21 μmol/L, 95% CI -0.36 to -0.06, P = .005); also, significant rises in plasma total antioxidant capacity (β = 253.87 mmol/L, 95% CI 189.18-318.56, P < .001) and nitric oxide levels (β = 2.99 μmol/L, 95% CI 0.71-5.28, P = .01) were observed compared with the placebo. CONCLUSION Overall, melatonin supplementation for 12 weeks to diabetic HD patients had beneficial effects on mental health, glycemic control, inflammatory markers, and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahidreza Ostadmohammadi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Alireza Soleimani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Bahmani
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Esmat Aghadavod
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Reza Ramezani
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Mohammad Ali Mansournia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zarrin Banikazemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Maryam Soleimani
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Marsa Zaroudi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Public Health Branch, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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Roumeliotis S, Roumeliotis A, Dounousi E, Eleftheriadis T, Liakopoulos V. Dietary Antioxidant Supplements and Uric Acid in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Review. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081911. [PMID: 31443225 PMCID: PMC6723425 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased serum levels of uric acid have been associated with the onset and development of chronic kidney disease (CKD), cardiovascular disease, and mortality, through several molecular pathogenetic mechanisms, such as inflammation and oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is present even in the early stages of CKD, progresses parallelly with the deterioration of kidney function, and is even more exacerbated in end-stage renal disease patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. Although acting in the plasma as an antioxidant, once uric acid enters the intracellular environment; it behaves as a powerful pro-oxidant. Exogenous intake of antioxidants has been repeatedly shown to prevent inflammation, atherosclerosis and oxidative stress in CKD patients. Moreover, certain antioxidants have been proposed to exert uric acid-lowering properties. This review aims to present the available data regarding the effects of antioxidant supplements on both oxidative stress and uric acid serum levels, in a population particularly susceptible to oxidative damage such as CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanos Roumeliotis
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, 1st Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54636, Greece
| | - Athanasios Roumeliotis
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, 1st Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54636, Greece
| | - Evangelia Dounousi
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | | | - Vassilios Liakopoulos
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, 1st Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54636, Greece.
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30
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Lipotoxicity in Kidney, Heart, and Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071664. [PMID: 31330812 PMCID: PMC6682887 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is a common nutritional and metabolic disorder in patients with chronic kidney disease. Accumulating evidence supports the hypothesis that prolonged metabolic imbalance of lipids leads to ectopic fat distribution in the peripheral organs (lipotoxicity), including the kidney, heart, and skeletal muscle, which accelerates peripheral inflammation and afflictions. Thus, lipotoxicity may partly explain progression of renal dysfunction and even extrarenal complications, including renal anemia, heart failure, and sarcopenia. Additionally, endoplasmic reticulum stress activated by the unfolded protein response pathway plays a pivotal role in lipotoxicity by modulating the expression of key enzymes in lipid synthesis and oxidation. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms underlying lipid deposition and resultant tissue damage in the kidney, heart, and skeletal muscle, with the goal of illuminating the nutritional aspects of these pathologies.
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31
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La Russa D, Giordano F, Marrone A, Parafati M, Janda E, Pellegrino D. Oxidative Imbalance and Kidney Damage in Cafeteria Diet-Induced Rat Model of Metabolic Syndrome: Effect of Bergamot Polyphenolic Fraction. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8030066. [PMID: 30884780 PMCID: PMC6466566 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8030066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a potent risk factor for kidney disease as it increases the possibility of developing diabetes and hypertension, and it has a direct impact on the development of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease. In this study, we tested the effect of bergamot polyphenolic fraction in a cafeteria with diet-fed rats, an excellent experimental model for studying human metabolic syndrome, as it is able to induce severe obesity with insulin resistance and high plasma triglyceride levels more efficiently than a traditional lard-based high-fat diet used in rodent models. We analyzed the plasmatic oxidative balance by photometric tests, and the expression of cytoplasmic antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase 1 and glutatione S-tranferasi P1) and apoptotic markers (Caspase 8 and 9) in kidney tissues by Western blot analysis. Our results clearly showed that the cafeteria diet induces a marked pro-oxidant effect: significant reduction of plasmatic antioxidant capacity; downregulation of cytoplasmic antioxidant enzymes expression; and activation of apoptotic pathways. All these hallmarks of redox disequilibrium were mitigated by treatment with polyphenolic fraction of bergamot, highlighting its antioxidant effect in the metabolic syndrome. Our data show that the link between obesity and renal damage could be represented by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele La Russa
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy.
- LARSO (Analysis and Research on Oxidative Stress Laboratory), University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy.
| | - Francesca Giordano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Marrone
- LARSO (Analysis and Research on Oxidative Stress Laboratory), University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy.
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy.
| | - Maddalena Parafati
- Department of Health Sciences, Univ. "Magna Graecia" (Campus Germaneto), 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Elzbieta Janda
- Department of Health Sciences, Univ. "Magna Graecia" (Campus Germaneto), 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Daniela Pellegrino
- LARSO (Analysis and Research on Oxidative Stress Laboratory), University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy.
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy.
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