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Bakhtiar Z, Hassandokht M, Naghavi MR, Mirjalili MH. Nutritional value, phytochemical composition, and antioxidant potential of Iranian fenugreeks for food applications. Sci Rep 2024; 14:21166. [PMID: 39256429 PMCID: PMC11387638 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71949-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Fenugreeks (Trigonella L. spp.), are well-known herbs belonging to the family Fabaceae, whose fresh and dried leaves have nutritional and medicinal value. In the present study, the content of phytochemical traits (essential oil, diosgenin, trigonelline, total phenol, total flavonoid, total saponins, and total tannins), bitterness value, pigments (chlorophyll, carotenoid, β-carotene, and anthocyanin), vitamins (group B vitamins and ascorbic acid), minerals, and antioxidant activity of thirty cultivated populations belonging to ten Trigonella species were evaluated. The species and populations were significantly different in all studied parameters. A significant positive and negative correlation (p < 0.05) was also observed between the studied parameters. In total, T. teheranica, T. elliptica, and T. foenum-graecum were distinguished as superior species. The results showed that fenugreeks leaves can be considered as a valuable source of food and phytochemical compounds. The obtained data can be help to expand the inventory of wild and cultivated Trigonella species for further exploitation of rich chemotypes in the new foods and specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziba Bakhtiar
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Hassandokht
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Naghavi
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Mirjalili
- Department of Agriculture, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran.
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Fang Q, Cheng Z, Zhang R, Luo B, Long C. Wild edible plants of the Yao people in Jianghua, China: plant-associated traditional knowledge and practice vital for food security and ecosystem service. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2024; 20:80. [PMID: 39198831 PMCID: PMC11360554 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-024-00724-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) and practice associated with wild edible plants (WEPs) is an important part of local culture of the Yao people in Jianghua Yao Autonomous County, which possesses the biggest population of Yao ethnic group in China. Economic development, urbanization, and transition of lifestyle and changing interests of the younger generations risk loss of such valuable knowledge. However, no record had been reported about WEPs from the Yao communities of Jianghua County. It is urgent to assemble data on the major WEPs and their uses in Jianghua. This can be used to educate and stimulate new interest in these WEPs, to aid inheritance and improvement of cultural identity and confidence, to enhance local resilience to various changes and to suggest pathways for novel and value-added applications to create new local business opportunities. METHODS To record WEPs associated with TEK and practice, we conducted field surveys in 2018, 2019 and 2023. The ethnobotanical methods such as free-listing, participatory observation, semi-structured interview, and market survey were adopted in the field investigations. Information about WEPs including vernacular names, parts used, ways of use, and collection time were recorded. Voucher specimens were collected, identified, and deposited in the herbarium at Minzu University of China, in Beijing. RESULTS Totally, 81 Yao people from 12 villages were interviewed. WEPs traditionally play a crucial role in Yao peoples' daily lives. A total of 130 plant species from 89 genera and 49 families were recorded. The plants collected showed great diversity and reflected unique local culture. Most (54.5%) WEPs were also used as medicines. Baba can be defined as a cultural identity food, and WEPs are commonly used as tea substitutes for their health benefits. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that WEPs use is facing great challenges in a rapidly changing era. Preservation of WEPs related practice and knowledge is not only important for conserving local biocultural diversity, but also valuable in providing potential functional and healthy materials for food security and future economic development. Cultivation of young generations' interest in nature and biodiversity, combined with local policy to enhance public awareness are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Fang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
- Biosystematics Group, Department of Plant Science, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhuo Cheng
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ruifei Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Binsheng Luo
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Science, Lushan, 332900, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Chunlin Long
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Soria-Melgarejo G, Raya-Pérez JC, Ramírez-Pimentel JG, Covarrubias-Prieto J, Gutiérrez-Benicio GM, Andrade-González I, Aguirre-Mancilla CL. Physicochemical, nutritional properties, and antioxidant potential of 'limilla' fruit ( Rhus aromatica var. schmidelioides (Schltdl.) Engl.). Heliyon 2024; 10:e34990. [PMID: 39144990 PMCID: PMC11320458 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Rhus aromatica inhabits humid oak and oakpine forests in the State of Michoacán (Mexico). The fruit of R. aromatica is edible and is traditionally used in the preparation of soft drinks, ice pops, ice creams and 'atole'. The objective of the present investigation was to carry out a physical and chemical characterization and analysis of the antioxidant capacity of fruit. For the physical characterization, the equatorial and longitudinal diameter, weight and percentage of pulp were determined. In the chemical characterization, a proximal analysis was carried out, quantification of polyphenols and flavonoids was performed, and the antioxidant capacity was determined. The results showed that the fruit had a longitudinal diameter of 6.58 ± 1.02 mm, an equatorial diameter of 7.17 ± 0.66, a weight of 55.22 ± 5.47 mg, and a 40 % pulp proportion. The chemical characterization analysis indicated 8.7 % moisture, 30.6 % lipids, 8.7 % proteins, 29.4 % total sugars, 3.8 % ashes and 18.7 % crude fibre, 3.1 °Brix, pH 3.1, 1.92 % acidity total and a caloric intake of 4.27 kcal/g. The polyphenol content was higher in 60 % ethanol extracts with 88.6 ± 50.89 mg EAG/g; for flavonoids from extracts with 100 % acetone, it was 26.52 ± 0.65 mg EQ/g, and the total carotenoid content was 46.37 mg/100 g. The total antioxidant activity was higher in extracts with 80 % acetone, with 87.17 % inhibition of the DPPH radical and 90 % inhibition of ABTS without showing a significant difference with the different solvents used. The lowest IC50 values were presented in 100 % ethanol and 60 % methanol extracts for the DPPH radical and for the ABTS radical were the 80 % ethanol and 60 % methanol extracts. The lipid, protein, carotenoid, and polyphenol contents and antioxidant capacity of the fruit of R. aromatica were as high as those of other fruits consumed in the human diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Soria-Melgarejo
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/I.T. de Roque, km 8 Carretera Celaya-Juventino Rosas, C.P. 38110, Celaya, Gto, Mexico
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/I.T.S. de Puruándiro, km 4.3 Carretera Puruándiro-Galeana, C. P 58532, Puruandiro, Mich, Mexico
| | - Juan C. Raya-Pérez
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/I.T. de Roque, km 8 Carretera Celaya-Juventino Rosas, C.P. 38110, Celaya, Gto, Mexico
| | - Juan G. Ramírez-Pimentel
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/I.T. de Roque, km 8 Carretera Celaya-Juventino Rosas, C.P. 38110, Celaya, Gto, Mexico
| | - Jorge Covarrubias-Prieto
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/I.T. de Roque, km 8 Carretera Celaya-Juventino Rosas, C.P. 38110, Celaya, Gto, Mexico
| | - Glenda M. Gutiérrez-Benicio
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/I.T. de Roque, km 8 Carretera Celaya-Juventino Rosas, C.P. 38110, Celaya, Gto, Mexico
- Universidad de Guanajuato, Programa de Biotecnología, Mutualismo 303, C.P. 38060, Celaya, Gto, Mexico
| | - Isaac Andrade-González
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/I.T. de Tlajomulco, km 10 Carretera Tlajomulco-San Miguel Cuyutlán, Cto. Metropolitano Sur, 45640 Tlajomulco de Zúñiga, Jal, Mexico
| | - Cesar L. Aguirre-Mancilla
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/I.T. de Roque, km 8 Carretera Celaya-Juventino Rosas, C.P. 38110, Celaya, Gto, Mexico
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Tadesse D, Masresha G, Lulekal E, Wondafrash M. A systematic review exploring the diversity and food security potential of wild edible plants in Ethiopia. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17821. [PMID: 39090093 PMCID: PMC11294628 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67421-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Wild edible plants (WEPs) are important food sources globally due to their accessibility and affordability. In Ethiopia, where diverse cultural groups consume WEPs, this systematic review explores their diversity, edible parts, and role in supporting food security. The review examined 38 original studies on the ethnobotany of WEPs in Ethiopia from 2000 to 2022. It identified a total of 651 WEP species from 343 genera and 94 families, with the Fabaceae family having the most species (51). Herbs and shrubs were the predominant growth habits, and fruits were the most consumed plant parts. The review prioritized nine WEP species for cultivation and promotion. However, threats such as overgrazing, agricultural expansion, and the use of woody species for construction, firewood, and charcoal have depleted WEP resources and eroded traditional knowledge about their use. The review suggests that WEPs have the potential to contribute to food and nutritional security in Ethiopia if these threats are effectively managed. However, the limited coverage of ethnobotanical studies on WEPs requires further investigation. The study recommends integrating the prioritized WEPs into the national food system for promotion, cultivation, and nutrient analysis to evaluate their nutritional bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Tadesse
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
- Department of Biology, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
| | | | - Ermias Lulekal
- Department of Plant Biology and Biodiversity Management, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Melaku Wondafrash
- Department of Plant Biology and Biodiversity Management, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Alle TR, Andrew SM, Karlsson MF, Gure A. 1. Morphological traits of fruits and seeds of Ziziphus tree species growing in different land uses in Ethiopia. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34751. [PMID: 39130437 PMCID: PMC11315178 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The practice of gathering and utilizing Ziziphus tree fruits serves as a key strategy to enhance nutrition and livelihoods employed by rural communities across various regions worldwide. Despite a burgeoning interest in and comprehension of their significance, there remains a dearth of information concerning the morphological attributes of both fruits and seeds essential for bolstering resistance against pests and diseases through breeding efforts. In this regard, comprehensive data pertaining to fruit dimensions (length, width, weight, and maturity level) and seed characteristics (length, width, and 100-seed weight) across three distinct land use types (LUT)-farmland (FL), home garden (HG), and roadside (RS)-were systematically gathered to ascertain the variability in traits among Ziziphus tree species in the Bosset and Bati districts of Ethiopia. Significant disparities in fruit and seed morphological traits were evident among different populations inhabiting the aforementioned LUTs. Notably, the most substantial mean measurements for fruit length (16 mm), width (18 mm), and weight (28 g), as well as seed width (6 mm), were documented within the farmland setting of Bosset. The highest mean seed length (7 mm) and 100-seed weight (5 g) were observed within farmland and home garden environments in Bati. Furthermore, a significant and positive correlation was determined between fruit length and width (r = 0.78), alongside the weight of ten fruits and width (r = 0.65). Ffruit maturity levels exhibited a negative correlation with weight but not with length and width dimensions. Similarly, seed length and width demonstrated a significant correlation (r = 0.88), while 100-seed weight exhibited a modest correlation with seed dimensions. Overall, findings suggest that the Bosset district boasts superior morphological traits, thereby indicating its potential for harboring robust stands and candidate trees conducive to selection for breeding programs aimed at enhancing resistance against insect pests and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tigabu R. Alle
- Sirinka Agricultural Research Centre, P.O. Box 74, Woldia, Ethiopia
- Regional Research School in Forest Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3009 Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Samora M. Andrew
- Regional Research School in Forest Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3009 Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania
- University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 35060, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Miriam F. Karlsson
- Swedish University of Agricultural Science, P.O. Box 7070, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Abdella Gure
- Hawassa University, Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural Resources, P.O. Box 128, Shashamane, Ethiopia
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Biri S, Ayenew B, Dida G, Sebsibe A, Gurmessa F, Woldeab B, Awlachew G, Kassa Z, Megersa M. Ethnobotanical study of wild edible plants in Arsi Robe district of East Arsi Zone, Ethiopia. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2024; 20:70. [PMID: 39080759 PMCID: PMC11289975 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-024-00703-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wild edible plants (WEPs) are usually considered to constitute all plant resources that are neither cultivated nor domesticated but are used as nutritional supplements by local people. WEPs play a vital role in ensuring food and livelihood security for countless families and communities around the world. The objective of the study was to assess and document wild edible plants used by communities in the Arsi Robe district as food. METHODS Semi-structured interviews, market surveys, and guided field walks were employed as data collection tools. The data were analyzed using preference ranking, direct matrix ranking, and Jaccard's similarity index. RESULTS The present study revealed various types of wild edible plants consumed by local communities in the Arsi Robe district of the East Arsi Zone. This could be justified by the documentation of 36 different wild edible plants in the study area. These WEPs belong to 31 genera and 25 families. Most of the growth forms of the edible wild plants in the district were shrubs (16, 44.44%) and trees (14, 38.88%). Amaranthus caudatus and Bridelia micrantha are the most preferred WEPs in the study area. The finding of the study also revealed that Lepidotrichilia volkensii and Premna schimperi are among the novel WEPs that had not before been documented as food items in other areas. Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata, Ficus sycomorus, Cordia africana, and Ficus sur are species with multiple uses. Agricultural expansion, charcoal production, the construction of different materials, making agricultural tools, deforestation, and other factors were the top prioritized threats affecting the abundance and diversity of wild edible plants. CONCLUSION Along with the sustainable utilization and conservation of the existing WEPs of the study district, priority should be given to the urgent collection, domestication, and cultivation of multiuse wild edible plant species such as Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata, Ficus sycomorus, Cordia africana, and Ficus sur in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisay Biri
- Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Madda Walabu University, PO Box 247, Robe, Ethiopia
| | - Bereket Ayenew
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Madda Walabu University, PO Box 247, Robe, Ethiopia
| | - Getu Dida
- Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Madda Walabu University, PO Box 247, Robe, Ethiopia
| | - Ayalew Sebsibe
- Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Madda Walabu University, PO Box 247, Robe, Ethiopia
| | - Fekadu Gurmessa
- Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Wollega University, P.O. Box 395, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Bizuneh Woldeab
- Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Ecotourism, College of Agriculture, Madda Walabu University, P.O. Box 247, Robe, Ethiopia
| | - Gashaw Awlachew
- Department of Sport Science, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Madda Walabu University, PO Box 247, Robe, Ethiopia
| | - Zewdie Kassa
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Salale University, P.O. Box 245, Fiche, Ethiopia
| | - Moa Megersa
- Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Madda Walabu University, PO Box 247, Robe, Ethiopia.
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Kumwenda FD, Sumani J, Jere W, Nyirenda KK, Mwatseteza J. Nutritional, Phytochemical, and Functional Properties of Four Edible Orchid Species from Malawi. Foods 2024; 13:2403. [PMID: 39123594 PMCID: PMC11311754 DOI: 10.3390/foods13152403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Terrestrial orchid tubers are an important source of food in some parts of Africa and are traditionally included in the diets of most rural communities in Malawi. However, there is limited information on the nutritional and phytochemical content of the Malawian orchids to substantiate their traditional use. The present study evaluates the nutritional and phytochemical variation of four orchid species: Disa zombica, Satyrium buchananii, Satyrium carsonii, and Satyrium trinerve, collected from the same ecological zone of Malawi. The proximate content, minerals, phytochemicals, and functional properties were analysed using official procedures. Protein ranged from 2.19% to 4.65%, whereas carbohydrate ranged from 65.24% to 80.22%, with S. carsonii and S. trinerve registering the highest protein and carbohydrate contents, respectively. Iron and potassium were highest in D. zombica, while sodium and calcium were highest in S. buchananii. The total phenolics ranged from 228.56 to 500.00 mg GAE/100 g, with D. zombica registering the highest. The water absorption capacity ranged from 4.10 to 10.88 g/g. Despite variable levels, the study provides evidence that orchid species contain essential nutrients and phytochemicals important for human nutrition and health. Furthermore, the functional properties can be utilised in the development of food products, such as baked products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix D. Kumwenda
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Centre for Resilient Agri-Food Systems, University of Malawi, P.O. Box 280, Zomba, Malawi; (F.D.K.); (J.M.)
- Department of Basic Sciences, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, P.O. Box 219, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Jimmy Sumani
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Centre for Resilient Agri-Food Systems, University of Malawi, P.O. Box 280, Zomba, Malawi; (F.D.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Wilson Jere
- Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Science, Africa Centre of Excellence in Aquaculture and Fisheries, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, P.O. Box 219, Lilongwe, Malawi;
| | - Kumbukani K. Nyirenda
- Department of Pharmacy, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, P/B 360, Chichiri, Blantyre 3, Malawi;
| | - Jonas Mwatseteza
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Centre for Resilient Agri-Food Systems, University of Malawi, P.O. Box 280, Zomba, Malawi; (F.D.K.); (J.M.)
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Alemu WK, Worku LA, Bachheti RK, Bachheti A, Engida AM. Exploring Phytochemical Profile, Pharmaceutical Activities, and Medicinal and Nutritional Value of Wild Edible Plants in Ethiopia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2024; 2024:6408892. [PMID: 39105166 PMCID: PMC11300060 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6408892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
In many parts of the world, wild edible plants (WEPs) constitute an essential component of the global food basket, providing an alternative source of wholesome and nourishing food. Ethiopia is one of countries of the world having largest concentrations of WEPs. In the country, various parts of WEPs, such as fruits, stems, leaves, tubers, roots, or entire plant sections, are frequently consumed and used as food sources for famine relief during seasonal food shortages, as well as for commercial purposes. WEPs have been also used in the country as sources of phytochemicals, traditional medicine, and pharmaceutical applications. Approximately 30%-40% of WEPs and over 413 different kinds of WEPs are commonly consumed by Ethiopians regularly. Most plant families utilized as WEPs are Moraceae, Fabaceae, Flacourtiaceae, Myrtaceae, Rosaceae, and Tiliaceae. The most widely used plant parts of WEPs were fruits. WEPs can be used as substitutes for traditional plant-based human diets because of their high nutritional value, which includes proteins, vitamins B2 and C, and low moisture content. This review focuses on using edible wild plants for pharmacological purposes, dietary supplements, and alternative medicine. Many obstacles prevent people from consuming WEPs, even when they are easily accessible and available. The use of WEPs must be encouraged by nutrition policies as one of the pillars of food and nutrition security. To increase yield, diversify the revenue streams of small-scale farmers, and protect the diminishing wild edible fruit resources, it is imperative to domesticate and enhance WEPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woinshet Kassie Alemu
- Department of Industrial ChemistryCollege of Natural and Applied SciencesAddis Ababa Sciences and Technology University, P.O. Box-16417, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Limenew Abate Worku
- Department of ChemistryCollege of Natural and Computational ScienceDebre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Rakesh Kumar Bachheti
- Department of Industrial ChemistryCollege of Natural and Applied SciencesAddis Ababa Sciences and Technology University, P.O. Box-16417, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Allied SciencesGraphic Era Hill University, Society Area, Clement Town 248002, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Archana Bachheti
- Department of Environment ScienceGraphic Era (Deemed to Be University) 248002, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Adam Mekonnen Engida
- Department of Industrial ChemistryCollege of Natural and Applied SciencesAddis Ababa Sciences and Technology University, P.O. Box-16417, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Fassil A, Mazengia E, Gebreamanuel B, Dessie Y, Kumera B, Atnkut B, Mullualem D, Tsega A, Van Damme P. Harvesting nature's bounty: exploring the ethnobotanical landscape of wild edible plants in the Awi Agäw community, Northwestern Ethiopia. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2024; 20:59. [PMID: 38816853 PMCID: PMC11140977 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-024-00696-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Feeding the world's future population while still facing a variety of socioeconomic and climate change scenarios with uncertain outcomes is a key global societal concern that should be addressed in a science-based manner. Ethiopia boasts a great diversity of wild edible plant species (WEPS), but millions of its citizens still suffer from chronic hunger every year. In this context, we here document the use and conservation of WEPS in the Awi Agäw community, Northwestern Ethiopia. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study from October 2021 to June 2022. Ethnobotanical and conservation status data were collected via semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, field walks and market surveys. A total of 374 respondents from three districts (Guangua, Jawi and Ankasha) were purposely selected for the study. Descriptive statistics, including preference rankings, frequencies and direct matrix rankings, were employed for the data analysis. RESULTS We identified a total of 39 WEPS plant taxa distributed among 26 families and 32 genera. The Moraceae and Rosaceae had the greatest numbers of plants, with five and three species, respectively. The WEPS are regularly consumed in the study area to alleviate hunger. However, threats such as habitat loss, agricultural expansion, deforestation for firewood and other reasons, and pesticide use threaten WEPS availability. CONCLUSION Therefore, community-based conservation interventions need to be encouraged to safeguard WEPS and associated traditional knowledge. Furthermore, nutritional quality analysis is recommended for the selection of promising WEPS candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amare Fassil
- Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia.
| | - Ethiopia Mazengia
- Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia
| | - Bekele Gebreamanuel
- Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia
| | - Yitayih Dessie
- Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia
| | - Bulti Kumera
- Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia
| | - Belsti Atnkut
- Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia
| | - Destaw Mullualem
- Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia
| | - Alemu Tsega
- Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia
| | - Patrick Van Damme
- Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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Lalmuanpuii R, Zodinpuii B, Bohia B, Zothanpuia, Lalbiaknunga J, Singh PK. Wild edible vegetables of ethnic communities of Mizoram (Northeast India): an ethnobotanical study in thrust of marketing potential. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2024; 20:58. [PMID: 38807182 PMCID: PMC11135011 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-024-00680-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessment of wild edible vegetables (WEVs) from the ethnobotanical approach is a significant key to understanding indigenous knowledge systems. The available literature has revealed a tremendous decline in knowledge of WEVs over the last few decades. The main purpose of this study was to document and analyse the traditional knowledge of WEVs among the two major ethnic groups of Mizoram regarding their use and the diversity associated with the importance of traditional medicines. Secondly, a market survey will be conducted to determine the status of available WEVs. METHODS This study conducted an ethnobotanical survey among 72 informants through semi-structured interviews and questionnaires besides direct field observations. The documented data were quantitatively analysed using various ethnobotanical indices, including Informant's consensus factor (ICF), Fidelity level value (Fl), and Direct matrix ranking (DMR). A marketing survey was conducted in the Bara Bazar, Mizoram's most prominent local market. A total of 38 vendor informants were interviewed to observe and collect the price of commonly sold WEVs. RESULTS A total of 70 WEVs, distributed in 58 genera under 36 families, were documented and identified. Of these, 33 WEVs were of medicinal importance. Leafy vegetables were documented as the most frequently consumed parts (55.71%). The majority (44.29%) of the plants documented were consumed in fried form. The highest level of agreement among informants for food used categories was observed for plants combined with dry fish (ICF = 1). The Informant's consensus factor (ICF) of disease categories ranges from 0.75 to 1, with the highest being reported for convulsion (ICF = 1), sleep inducer (ICF = 1), and antiseptic (ICF = 1). Picria fel-terrae was the most preferred plant for hypertension treatment (100% FL). Direct matrix ranking (DMR) indicated that Dysoxylum excelsum was highly utilized by the inhabitant for multipurpose species (DMR = 64). Jaccard similarity index (JI) between the two ethnic groups was revealed at 1.26. Forty-seven WEVs were found to be commercialized in the Bara Bazar market, Aizawl, with a price range from 0.1 to 2.4 USD. Ensete superbum was reported as near threatened per the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. CONCLUSION This work highlighted the importance and rich diversity of WEVs in Mizoram, which are presently used among different age groups for food and medicine. Informants have good knowledge of WEVs, which was shared to a great extent among the inhabitants; this legacy of traditional culture must be conserved. This study further suggests a priority setting for conserving multipurpose WEVs in human-inhabited sites, investigating the recorded species' nutritional properties and pharmacological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosie Lalmuanpuii
- Department of Botany, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796004, India
| | - Betsy Zodinpuii
- Department of Zoology, Pachhunga University College, Mizoram, Aizawl, 796005, India
| | - Beirachhitha Bohia
- Department of Biotechnology/Life Sciences, Pachhunga University College, Mizoram University (A Central University), Mizoram, Aizawl, 796001, India
| | - Zothanpuia
- Department of Biotechnology/Life Sciences, Pachhunga University College, Mizoram University (A Central University), Mizoram, Aizawl, 796001, India.
| | - J Lalbiaknunga
- Department of Botany, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796004, India
| | - Prashant Kumar Singh
- Department of Biotechnology/Life Sciences, Pachhunga University College, Mizoram University (A Central University), Mizoram, Aizawl, 796001, India
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Kudumela RG, Ramadwa TE, Mametja NM, Masebe TM. Corchorus tridens L.: A Review of Its Botany, Phytochemistry, Nutritional Content and Pharmacological Properties. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1096. [PMID: 38674505 PMCID: PMC11054996 DOI: 10.3390/plants13081096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Phytotherapy is a cost-effective alternative that continues to evolve. This has sparked significant research interest in naturally occurring compounds found in edible plants that possess antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. Corchorus tridens L. is a wild edible plant widely recognised for its edible leaves, which are used for vegetable and animal feed. The plant is widely distributed across the African continent and is utilised in numerous countries for treating fever, pain, inflammation, and sexually transmitted diseases. Extracts from various parts of this plant exhibit antimicrobial, antioxidant, and pesticidal properties. This plant is a rich source of amino acids, vitamins, essential fatty acids, proteins, and minerals, as well as secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, quinines, steroids, terpenoids, phenols, and tannins. Additional studies are still needed to determine other biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory activity, involvement in the treatment of measles, prevention of anaemia, and pain-relieving properties. The current review aims to provide information on the characteristics, distribution, nutritional content, bioactive compounds, traditional uses, and biological activities of the edible plant species C. tridens L. to stimulate further research interest to address the existing literature gaps concerning this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tracy Madimabi Masebe
- Department of Life and Consumer Science, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Florida Science Campus, University of South Africa, 28 Pioneer Ave, Florida Park, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa; (R.G.K.); (T.E.R.); (N.M.M.)
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Jabeen S, Arshad F, Harun N, Waheed M, Alamri S, Haq SM, Vitasović-Kosić I, Fatima K, Chaudhry AS, Bussmann RW. Folk Knowledge and Perceptions about the Use of Wild Fruits and Vegetables-Cross-Cultural Knowledge in the Pipli Pahar Reserved Forest of Okara, Pakistan. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:832. [PMID: 38592859 PMCID: PMC10974405 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Wild fruits and vegetables (WFVs) have been vital to local communities for centuries and make an important contribution to daily life and income. However, traditional knowledge of the use of wild fruits is at risk of being lost due to inadequate documentation. This study aimed to secure this knowledge through intermittent field visits and a semi-structured questionnaire. Using various ethnobotanical data analysis tools and SPSS (IBM 25), this study identified 65 WFV species (52 genera and 29 families). These species, mostly consumed as vegetables (49%) or fruits (43%), were predominantly herbaceous (48%) in wild and semi-wild habitats (67%). 20 WFVs were known to local communities (highest RFC), Phoenix sylvestris stood out as the most utilized species (highest UV). Surprisingly, only 23% of the WFVs were sold at markets. The survey identified 21 unique WFVs that are rarely documented for human consumption in Pakistan (e.g., Ehretia obtusifolia, Euploca strigosa, Brassica juncea, Cleome brachycarpa, Gymnosporia royleana, Cucumis maderaspatanus, Croton bonplandianus, Euphorbia prostrata, Vachellia nilotica, Pongamia pinnata, Grewia asiatica, Malvastrum coromandelianum, Morus serrata, Argemone mexicana, Bambusa vulgaris, Echinochloa colonum, Solanum virginianum, Physalis angulata, Withania somnifera, Zygophyllum creticum, and Peganum harmala), as well as 14 novel uses and five novel edible parts. Despite their ecological importance, the use of WFVs has declined because local people are unaware of their cultural and economic value. Preservation of traditional knowledge through education on conservation and utilization could boost economies and livelihoods in this and similar areas worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Jabeen
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Okara, Okara 56300, Pakistan (F.A.); (M.W.); (K.F.)
| | - Fahim Arshad
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Okara, Okara 56300, Pakistan (F.A.); (M.W.); (K.F.)
| | - Nidaa Harun
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Okara, Okara 56300, Pakistan (F.A.); (M.W.); (K.F.)
| | - Muhammad Waheed
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Okara, Okara 56300, Pakistan (F.A.); (M.W.); (K.F.)
| | - Saud Alamri
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shiekh Marifatul Haq
- Department of Ethnobotany, Institute of Botany, Ilia State University, Tbilisi 0162, Georgia; (S.M.H.); (R.W.B.)
| | | | - Kaneez Fatima
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Okara, Okara 56300, Pakistan (F.A.); (M.W.); (K.F.)
| | - Abdul Shakoor Chaudhry
- Agriculture Building, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK;
| | - Rainer W. Bussmann
- Department of Ethnobotany, Institute of Botany, Ilia State University, Tbilisi 0162, Georgia; (S.M.H.); (R.W.B.)
- Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde, Erbprinzenstrasse 14, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Anbessa B, Lulekal E, Getachew P, Hymete A. Ethnobotanical study of wild edible plants in Dibatie district, Metekel zone, Benishangul Gumuz Regional State, western Ethiopia. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2024; 20:27. [PMID: 38413982 PMCID: PMC10900549 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-024-00671-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants deliver livelihood and food for millions of people in the world. Indeed, wild edible plants support rural communities in developing countries to overcome seasonal unfavorable conditions. In rural areas of Ethiopia, wild edible plants play an indispensable role in fighting food insecurity as emergency or supplementary foods. Hence, this research was aimed at studying the ethnobotanical assessment of wild edible plants in Dibatie district, Metekel zone, western Ethiopia. METHODS Ethnobotanical data was collected using a semi-structured interview, field observation, focus group discussions, a market survey, and the ranking of selected plants. Besides, voucher specimens were collected and stored at the National Herbarium of Ethiopia. Descriptive statistics, preference ranking, direct matrix ranking, and familiarity index were computed for data analysis. RESULTS This study has documented 54 wild edible plant species belonging to 33 plant families and 46 genera. Of these, most (38.90%) had tree growth habits. Wild edible plants bear mostly fruits (72.20%) as edible parts. Local people usually consume these plants freshly raw as complementary foods, though some wild edibles require processing. They were mostly harvested in the January (31.48%) and May (27.78%) months, with the least collected in September (7.41%). Most wild edible plants (78.57%) were available in uncontrolled habitats, while others (21.43%) live in farmlands, home gardens, and as live fences. Out of the recorded plants, about 98% had additional uses besides their nutritional values. CONCLUSION Wild edible plants assist the livelihoods of the local people in food security, agriculture, energy sources, construction, medicines, ecological services, aesthetics, income generation, and household utensils. Nevertheless, wild edible plants are recently threatened due to various anthropogenic factors in the study area. Thus, they need wise use and in-situ and ex-situ conservation measures from all the concerned bodies for sustainable use in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baressa Anbessa
- Department of Plant Biology and Biodiversity Management, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, PO Box 3434, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
- Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Bule Hora University, Bule Hora, Ethiopia.
| | - Ermias Lulekal
- Department of Plant Biology and Biodiversity Management, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, PO Box 3434, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Paulos Getachew
- Center for Food Science and Nutrition, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Ariaya Hymete
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Mgalula ME. An ethnobotanical study of wild edible fruits in miombo woodlands of Tabora region in Western Tanzania. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2024; 20:23. [PMID: 38403583 PMCID: PMC10895781 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-024-00668-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wild edible fruits found in Tanzania's miombo woods are an indispensable source of food and medicine. Unfortunately, with the rapid expansion of human activities and urbanisation in the Tabora rural, Uyui and Sikonge districts of Western Tanzania, some wild fruits are disappearing due to the loss of plant diversity. The objectives of this study wereL: to document the knowledge related to wild edible fruits; to quantify the use and cultural significance, and to determine their threats. METHODS The ethnobotanical study was conducted from June 2022 to February 2023 involving 244 local informants. The study used field visits, the collection of plant parts, and semi-structured interviews with locals for its data collection. Descriptive statistics and correlation test were used to analyse the knowledge related to wild fruits. Frequency citation (f) and use reports (UR) were computed to understand the diversity and cultural significance (CI). RESULTS The study documented 27 wild edible fruit species used for food and medicine. The life form constituted deciduous shrubs or trees (64%), shrub trees (21%) and evergreen or deciduous trees (15%). About (56%) of wild edible fruits were collected from June to August after the rainy season, (33%) were harvested between December and May during the rainy season, and (11%) were gathered from September and November before the rainy season. Household size and sex of the respondents were significantly correlated to the knowledge of wild edible fruits. Higher utilisation frequency (f) was recorded for Vitex mombassae Vatke (f = 0.84), Strychnos spinosa Lam. (f = 0.82), Vitex payos (Lour.) Merr. (f = 0.56), Phyllogeiton discolor (Klotzsch) Herzog. (f = 0.45), Vangueria infausta Burchell (f = 0.45), Tamarindus indica L. (f = 0.38), Parinari curatellifolia (f = 0.25), Landolphia parvifolia K.Schum. (f = 0.22) and Microcos conocarpa Burret (f = 0.22) fruits species. Additionally, Phyllogeiton discolor (Klotzsch) Herzog. (UR = 56), Vitex mombassae Vatke (UR = 56), Tamarindus indica L. (UR = 37), Strychnos spinosa Lam. (UR = 14) and Friesodielsia obovata (Benth.) Verdc. (UR = 11), have higher use reports (UR) and considered culturally important. Wild fruits were used to cure diabetes, gastrointestinal, reproductive, and respiratory infections ailments. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Multiple uses as well as the related knowledge of wild fruits have been documented. Friesodielsia obovata, Grewia flavescens Juss and Thespesia garckeana F.Hoffm. are the medicinal fruit species reported for the first time. Harvesting of wood plants, charcoal activities, crop cultivation, grazing expansion, and environmental change, have had an impact on the diversity of wild edible fruit plants. Over the past three decades, the use of wild fruits has been impacted by the loss of plant diversity due to decline of cultural norms on the forests management. Given the variety of uses for wild fruits, promoting markets for native fruits, sensitising the locals about the cultural importance and innovation on processing techniques are necessary to spur conservation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Elias Mgalula
- Mkwawa University College of Education, University of Dar es Salaam, Post Office Box 2513, Iringa, Tanzania.
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Bellows AC, Raj S, Pitstick E, Potteiger MR, Diemont SAW. Foraging Wild Edibles: Dietary Diversity in Expanded Food Systems. Nutrients 2023; 15:4630. [PMID: 37960283 PMCID: PMC10647252 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Human food foraging in community forests offers extensive and expandable sources of food and high-quality nutrition that support chronic disease prevention and management and are underrepresented in US diets. Despite severe gaps in non-commercial "wild food" data, research in Syracuse, NY, identified substantial amounts of five key antioxidant phytochemicals in locally available, forageable foods with the potential to augment local dietary diversity and quality. Findings endorse the need for micro- and macro-nutrient research on an expanded range of forageable foods, community nutrition education on those foods, an expanded study on antioxidant phytochemical function, and the inclusion of forageables in the food system definition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne C. Bellows
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, Falk College, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA; (S.R.); (E.P.)
| | - Sudha Raj
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, Falk College, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA; (S.R.); (E.P.)
| | - Ellen Pitstick
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, Falk College, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA; (S.R.); (E.P.)
| | - Matthew R. Potteiger
- Department of Landscape Architecture, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA;
| | - Stewart A. W. Diemont
- Department of Environmental Biology, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA;
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Bajgai RC, Bajgai Y, Johnson SB. The presence of wild edible plants and determinants influencing their harvest, consumption, and conservation in south eastern Bhutan. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285936. [PMID: 37816046 PMCID: PMC10564141 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
DEFINITION Wild edible plants (WEPs) grow naturally in self-maintaining ecosystems. WEPs are harvested for consumption, sale, and medicinal uses. We hypothesize that WEPs play a major role in supplying food and generating income for the rural people in a world that is increasingly recognising its emerging conservation issues. We tested this hypothesis by identifying the reasons for harvest, consumption, and conservation of WEPs using focus group discussion, field observations and questionnaire surveys in south eastern Bhutan in late 2019. METHODS Focused group discussions were held with the local people to identify reasons for harvest and consumption of WEPs. Data on the identified reasons for harvest, consumption, and conserving WEPs were determined using a questionnaire survey with ranking scales for a set of 76 randomly selected households. Representative field-observations and questionnaire surveys were carried out in villages close to forests. Parts of the plant used, how these were consumed, harvest season, and plant (life form) were recorded. The data was subjected to a Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test and weighted averages calculated. RESULT AND CONCLUSION A total of 120 WEPs belonging to 63 families (including Agaricaceae) were reported. Most of the WEPs recorded were trees (45.0%) then herbs (25.8%), vines (13.3%) and shrubs (10.8%). The commonly consumed plant parts were the fruit (43.3%), shoots (28.3%) and leaves (20.8%). The purposes for harvesting and consumption, conservation of WEPs were significantly (P<0.001) different, while the motivations for collecting WEPs were not. The motivation for collecting WEPs were family consumption > sale > medicinal uses > preservation for future use > insufficient food from cultivated source's. The two most important strategies for conservation were to domesticate the WEPs and cultivate in forests. The findings reveal valuable lessons and insights about the reasons for harvesting, collection, consumption, and conservation of WEPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Chandra Bajgai
- Department of Environment & Life Sciences, Sherubtse College, Royal University of Bhutan, Kanglung, Tashigang, Bhutan
| | - Yadunath Bajgai
- National Potato Program, National Centre for Organic Agriculture, Yusipang, Thimphu, Bhutan
- Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Forests, Thimphu, Bhutan
| | - Stephen B. Johnson
- Department of Primary Industries, Weed Research Unit, Invasive Species Biosecurity, Adelaide, New South Wales, Australia
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Nikalje GC, Rajput VD, Ntatsi G. Editorial: Putting wild vegetables to work for sustainable agriculture and food security. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1268231. [PMID: 37841612 PMCID: PMC10569295 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1268231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Chandrakant Nikalje
- Department of Botany, Seva Sadan’s R. K. Talreja College of Arts, Science and Commerce, University of Mumbai, Ulhasnagar, India
| | - Vishnu D. Rajput
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Georgia Ntatsi
- Laboratory of Vegetable Production, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Yiblet Y, Adamu E. An Ethnobotanical Study of Wild Edible Plants in Tach Gayint District, South Gondar Zone, Amhara Region, Northwestern Ethiopia. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2023; 2023:7837615. [PMID: 37408582 PMCID: PMC10319463 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7837615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to carry out an ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological investigation on wild edible plants and their value to households in the Tach Gayint district of South Gondar Zone of northwestern Ethiopia. A total of 175 informants (56 women and 119 males) were interviewed for ethnobotanical data, and 25 of them were key informants. Data collection techniques included semistructured interviews, guided field walks, and focus group discussions. Quantitative analytical tools were employed for ethnobotanical methods including preference ranking and direct matrix ranking techniques to analyse the data. 36 species of wild edible plants have been identified in the study area. Of these plant species, shrubs account for 15 (42%), followed by herbs 13 (36%) and trees 8 (22%). Regarding the edible parts, fruits account for 19 (53%) followed by young shoots, leaves, and flowers, 4 (11%) for each. These plant species are eaten raw (86%) or cooked (14%) and most are collected by younger people for herding cattle. According to the preference ranking analysis, the fruit of Opuntia ficus-indica is the most preferred plant species because its sweet taste. Although Cordia africana, the most commonly used multipurpose wild edible plant species, is mostly exploited due to human activity, activities such as the production of charcoal, the gathering of firewood, the construction of homes, and the use of agricultural tools all played a significant role in the plant's eventual extinction. In the study area, agricultural expansion was the main cause of putting wild edible plants in danger. It is best to cultivate and manage edible plants in a backyard garden and to perform more research on popular edible plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalew Yiblet
- Department of Biology, Mekdela Amba University, P.O. Box 32, Tulu Awlia, Ethiopia
| | - Endale Adamu
- Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Debre Tabor University, P.O. Box 272, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
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Hankiso M, Warkineh B, Asfaw Z, Debella A. Ethnobotany of wild edible plants in Soro District of Hadiya Zone, southern Ethiopia. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2023; 19:21. [PMID: 37269005 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-023-00588-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite their paramount importance all over the globe in supporting food security, information about wild edible plants is generally patchy. In this study, we investigated the wild edible plants used by the local people in the Soro District of Hadiya Zone, southern Ethiopia. The main purpose of the study was to document and analyze the indigenous and local knowledge of the people on their abundance, diversity, use and management. METHODS AND MATERIALS Purposive sampling and systematic random sampling were used to identify informants who can give information about the wild edible plants of the area. Data were collected by interviewing 26 purposively sampled key informants and 128 systematically randomly sampled general informants using semi-structured interviews. Guided observations and 13 focus group discussions (FGDs) consisting of 5-12 participants/discussants at each FGD session were also undertaken. Statistical analyses (mainly descriptive statistics approaches) and common analytical tools of ethnobotany including informant consensus, informant consensus factor, preference ranking, direct matrix ranking, paired comparison and index of fidelity level were applied to the data sets. RESULTS A total of 64 wild edible plant species belonging to 52 genera and 39 families were recorded. All of these species are indigenous, 16 are new additions to the database and seven of them, including Urtica simensis and Thymus schimperi, are endemic to Ethiopia. In about 82.81% of the species, the edible plant part is also used in the Ethiopian traditional herbal medicine. It is striking to see that almost all wild edible plants recorded from the study area are nutraceutical plant species, serving multiple roles as food and therapeutic sources for the local people. We recorded five growth habits of 34.38% trees, 32.81% herbs, 25% shrubs, 6.25% climbers, and 1.56% liana. We found the Flacourtiaceae, Solanaceae, and Moraceae to be families that represented more species (4 each), followed by Acanthaceae, Apocynaceae, Amaranthaceae, and Asteraceae, which accounted for 3 species each. Fruits (53.13%) and leaves (31.25%) were consumed in more proportions than other edible parts (15.63%); mostly the ripe, raw fruit is eaten upon simple processing, followed by leaves eaten after boiling, roasting and cooking. CONCLUSION The frequency and intensity of consumption of these plants varied significantly (P < 0.05) with gender differences, key and general informants, and people's religious backgrounds. We postulate that priority setting for in situ and ex situ conservation of multipurpose wild edible plants in human-inhabited landscapes is essential to warrant sustainable use and conservation of the species as well as the use of new modes of application and valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulatu Hankiso
- Department of Plant Biology and Biodiversity Management, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
- Biology Department, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Hossana College of Education, P.O. Box 94, Hossana, Ethiopia.
| | - Bikila Warkineh
- Department of Plant Biology and Biodiversity Management, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Zemede Asfaw
- Department of Plant Biology and Biodiversity Management, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Asfaw Debella
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, P.O. Box 1242/5654, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Tsegaye M, Alemu T, Dilnessa A, Tolessa A, Tantu T, Bekalu Y, Haile F. Effect of storage condition on the nutritional and anti-nutritional composition of kurkura ( Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.) fruit from North-Eastern Ethiopia. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17380. [PMID: 37484302 PMCID: PMC10361391 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Ziziphus mauritiana is used as food and medicine. It is very nutritive and contains high amounts of calcium, phosphorus, iron, vitamin C, and beta-carotene. To choose an appropriate technique for fruit preservation, this study evaluated the effect of temperature and time on the nutritional and anti-nutritional qualities of Ziziphus mauritiana fruit harvested from Kobo Woreda in North-Eastern Ethiopia. This study assessed the impact of preservation parameters on the nutritional and anti-nutritional properties of Ziziphus mauritiana fruit, such as storage temperature and preservation day (time). Ziziphus mauritiana fruit was also analyzed to evaluate storage temperature and preservation day on its nutritional and antinutritional composition and found moisture content (5.25-10.99%), ash content (4.74-10.70%), crude fiber (3.81-17.88), fat (0.49-2.16), nitrogen content (1.01-1.8%), protein content (6.33-11.27), phytate content (67.27-659.33 mg/100 g m), and tannin content (3842.46-16577.80 mg/100 g m). The findings revealed that both individual and interaction effects were highly significant differences (p-value, 0.0001) in each nutritional and antinutritional content of the fruit. The results of this study showed that it was possible to store Ziziphus mauritiana fruit using plastic bags (High-Density Polyethylene Bags), and further deep-freezing the fruit had the best effect on preserving it in its fresh state (without damage) for up to 45 days.
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Oluoch WA, Whitney C, Termote C, Borgemeister C, Schmitt CB. Indigenous communities' perceptions reveal threats and management options of wild edible plants in semiarid lands of northwestern Kenya. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2023; 19:13. [PMID: 37143165 PMCID: PMC10161424 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-023-00584-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding how local communities perceive threats and management options of wild edible plants (WEPs) is essential in developing their conservation strategies and action plans. Due to their multiple use values, including nutrition, medicinal, construction, and cultural as well as biotic and abiotic pressures, WEPs are exposed to overexploitation, especially within arid and semiarid lands, and hence the need to manage and conserve them. We demonstrate how an understanding of indigenous communities' perceptions could be achieved through an integrated participatory approach involving focus group discussions (FGDs) and field plot surveys. METHODS We conducted three FGDs between October 2020 and April 2021 within three community units in northwestern Kenya with different socioeconomic and environmental characteristics. We subsequently surveyed 240 field plots of size 1 ha each to assess threats facing WEPs within a 5 km buffer radius in every study community. We compared ranks of threats and management options across community units. RESULTS Rankings of threats and management options differed across the three study communities. We obtained strong positive linear relationships between field and FGD rankings of threats facing WEPs. Climate change, overstocking, overharvesting, and invasive species were the highest-ranked threats. Mitigation of climate change, local knowledge preservation, selection, propagation, processing, and marketing of WEPs ranked high among possible management options irrespective of the socioeconomic and environmental characteristics of the community unit. CONCLUSIONS Our approach emphasizes the relevance of leveraging indigenous communities' perceptions and conducting field plot surveys to assess threats and management options for WEPs. Evaluating the effectiveness and cost-benefit implications of implementing the highly ranked management options could help determine potentially suitable habitats of the WEPs for conservation and management purposes, especially for priority WEPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wyclife Agumba Oluoch
- Center for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
- Geography Section, University of Passau, Passau, Germany.
| | - Cory Whitney
- Center for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Horticultural Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Céline Termote
- Alliance of Bioversity International and International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Christine B Schmitt
- Center for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Geography Section, University of Passau, Passau, Germany
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NİGUSSİE G, TOLA M, FANTA T. Medicinal uses, chemical constituents and biological activities of Rumex abyssinicus: A Comprehensive review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SECONDARY METABOLITE 2022. [DOI: 10.21448/ijsm.1095643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Rumex abyssinicus is a valuable medicinal plant species that is native to tropical Africa. Traditionally, R. abyssinicus is used to treat different disease such as, liver diseases, hepatitis, malaria, scabies, blood pressure, jaundice, wound and pneumonia. The purpose of the current study was to review the literature on the ethnomedicinal uses, chemical constitutes and biological activities of R. abyssinicus in an attempt to create information for future studies aimed towards exploring the therapeutic ability of the species. A scientific search engines, namely Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct and Web of knowledge for the search terms: Rumex abyssinicus, ethnomedicinal studies, phytochemical investigations, and pharmacological activities were undertaken. The search strategy included all articles with descriptors that were available until December 30, 2021. Only published works in English have been used on this study. The data was collected using textual descriptions of the studies, tabulation, grouping, and figures. The principal phytochemicals of R. abyssinicus are anthraquinones, flavonoids, terepenoids and phenolic compounds. The in vitro and in vivo studies on the crude extracts and compounds of R. abyssinicus showed antibacterial, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, wound healing, antialzeimer’s and hepatoprotective activities of it. R. abyssinicus afforded drug leads such as helminthosporin (4) with anti-alzheimer and physicon (3) with antifungal and antioxidant activity. R. abyssinicus have traditionally been used to cure a variety of diseases. Pharmacological actions of phytochemicals were shown to be promising. Despite this, further studies on crude extracts and promising compounds are needed to find new drug candidates.
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Sik B, Ajtony Z, Lakatos E, Székelyhidi R. The effects of extraction conditions on the antioxidant activities, total polyphenol and monomer anthocyanin contents of six edible fruits growing wild in Hungary. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12048. [PMID: 36506389 PMCID: PMC9732326 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although wild fruits are significantly underutilized in most countries, they could be good sources of valuable bioactive compounds with antioxidant properties. Therefore the present study focused on the study of a conventional extraction technique (maceration with shaking; MACS) to extract natural antioxidants and anthocyanin colorants from six edible wild-growing fruits (European crab apple, bilberry, yellow-, red-, and purple-skinned greengage, and quince). One-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) methodology was chosen to investigate the influences of three different parameters (solvent type, extraction time and solvent acidity) on the total polyphenol contents (TPCs), total monomeric anthocyanin (TMA) contents, and antioxidant capacities, specifically ferric reducing power (FRAP) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging activity (DPPH). After optimization, the recorded TPCs and antioxidant activities proved to be significantly higher for all analyzed fruits when compared to differing extraction conditions. For European crab apple and purple-skinned greengage, the best extraction conditions were a ratio of 80:20 (v/v) EtOH-H2O, 1% (v/v) of HCOOH, and an extraction time of 90 min. In the case of red-skinned greengage, the extraction parameters were the same as the above except for the acid concentration (0.5%; v/v) used. For quince, the optimized conditions required a 50:50 (v/v) EtOH-H2O mixture, an extraction time of 90 min, and 0.5% (v/v) HCOOH concentration. The best conditions for the extraction of bilberry and yellow-skinned greengage were an EtOH-H2O combination of 50:50 (v/v), extraction time of 60 min, and HCOOH concentration of 0.5% (v/v). The highest TPC and antioxidant activity were observed in quince (281-510 mg GAE/100g and 109-395 mg AAE/100g) whereas the lowest were measured in European crab apple (55.9-70.0 mg GAE/100g and 20.1-43.2 mg AAE/100g). Bilberry exhibited the highest TMA content (346 mg CGE/100g). Overall, our results showed that these wild fruits could be a good source of natural antioxidants for the local residents.
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Stachys pilifera Benth: A Review of Its Botany, Phytochemistry, Therapeutic Potential, and Toxicology. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:7621599. [PMID: 35722156 PMCID: PMC9200515 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7621599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Stachys L. (Lamiaceae) includes more than 300 annual or perennial species growing in temperate regions of Southern Africa, the Mediterranean, America, and Asia. Stachys pilifera Benth (S. pilifera), also known as Marzeh Kuhi, is an endemic species from Iran. It is found in the mountainous habitats of the Zagros area. It has various traditional uses, and the phytochemical ingredients and some biological activities of this species have been examined in previous studies. Methods PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Science Web databases were used to gather the data. The purpose of this review is to consolidate the scattered knowledge reported in the literature about botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological properties, and safety of S. pilifera and suggest its potential medicinal properties. Key Findings. In traditional Iranian medicine, S. pilifera manages various illnesses, such as rheumatoid arthritis, common cold, infections, asthma, and tussive. More than 30 compounds have been identified in S. pilifera essential oil. The compounds found in S. pilifera are phenolic compounds, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids, which have various properties such as antioxidant, nephroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, and anticancer properties. Conclusions The literature reveals that S. pilifera is an essential source of bioactive phytochemicals and illustrates the unknown area of this plant for new investigations. Moreover, we recommend that future research focus on toxicology and quality control studies for S. pilifera to fill the knowledge gap and provide theoretical support for the plant's possible functional and clinical uses.
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Hammoudi Halat D, Krayem M, Khaled S, Younes S. A Focused Insight into Thyme: Biological, Chemical, and Therapeutic Properties of an Indigenous Mediterranean Herb. Nutrients 2022; 14:2104. [PMID: 35631245 PMCID: PMC9147557 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A perennial wild shrub from the Lamiaceae family and native to the Mediterranean region, thyme is considered an important wild edible plant studied for centuries for its unique importance in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industry. Thyme is loaded with phytonutrients, minerals and vitamins. It is pungent in taste, yet rich in moisture, proteins, crude fiber, minerals and vitamins. Its chemical composition may vary with geographical location but is mainly composed of flavonoids and antioxidants. Previous studies have illustrated the therapeutic effects of thyme and its essential oils, especially thymol and carvacrol, against various diseases. This is attributed to its multi-pharmacological properties that include, but are not limited to, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antineoplastic actions. Moreover, thyme has long been known for its antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, and antiseptic activities, in addition to remarkable disruption of microbial biofilms. In the COVID-19 era, some thyme constituents were investigated for their potential in viral binding. As such, thyme presents a wide range of functional possibilities in food, drugs, and other fields and prominent interest as a nutraceutical. The aims of the current review are to present botanical and nutritive values of this herb, elaborate its major constituents, and review available literature on its dietetic and biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalal Hammoudi Halat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Bekaa Campus, Bekaa P.O. Box 146404, Lebanon
| | - Maha Krayem
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese International University, Bekaa Campus, Bekaa P.O. Box 146404, Lebanon; (M.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Sanaa Khaled
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese International University, Bekaa Campus, Bekaa P.O. Box 146404, Lebanon; (M.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Samar Younes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Bekaa Campus, Bekaa P.O. Box 146404, Lebanon;
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Phytochemical composition, enzyme inhibitory potential, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Pisonia grandis R.Br. (lettuce tree) leaves. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-022-01361-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Comparative Study on Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Properties (GraphPad Prism Approach) of Wild Ethiopian Z. spina-christi and Indian Z. jujube Fruit Species. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-022-02274-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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How Can India Leverage Its Botanic Gardens for the Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Wild Food Plant Resources through the Implementation of a Global Strategy for Plant Conservation? JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGICAL AND BOTANICAL GARDENS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/jzbg2040042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild food plants (WFPs) are consumed by the indigenous communities in various parts of the world for food, nutrition, and medicinal purposes. They are usually collected from the wild and sometimes grown in the vicinity of the forests and the dwellings of the indigenous people in a way such that they are not far from their natural habitats. WFPs are important for the food and nutritional requirements of the indigenous communities. The WFPs are seasonal and collected from the wild whenever they are available. Therefore, the food menu of the tribal co mmunities changes with the seasons. A number of studies have demonstrated various WFPs consumed by indigenous communities including India. The results show that an enormous diversity of WFPs is consumed by the indigenous people of India. However, a few studies also suggest that the consumption of WFPs among the indigenous communities is declining along with the dwindling of traditional ethnobotanical knowledge linked to the collection, processing, cooking, storage, and limited cultivation of WFPs. India can leverage the network of its botanic gardens for the conservation of its wild food plant resources, the traditional and indigenous knowledge linked to it, and its popularization among the citizens within the framework of Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC). This article provided an overview of the need to focus on WFPs, limitations of current studies, and role of botanic gardens in the conservation of wild food plants through the implementation of GSPC. This article further provided a framework for the role of botanic gardens in the popularization of WFPs, increasing the awareness about their importance, documentation, and preservation of the traditional knowledge linked to various aspects of WFPs within the GPSC framework.
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Foods from the wild: Local knowledge, use pattern and distribution in Western Nepal. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258905. [PMID: 34673823 PMCID: PMC8530312 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Locally harvested wild edible plants (WEPs) provide food as well as cash income for indigenous peoples and local communities, and they are of great importance in ensuring local food security. However, their uses and availability are poorly documented. This study aimed to enumerate WEP diversity and status of WEPs in a part of the Annapurna Conservation Area, Sikles region, where the population is dominated by the Gurung community. Ethnobotanical data were collected using guided field walks, semi-structured interviews, and field observation. The informant consensus method was employed and group discussions were conducted for triangulation of the information. Free listing and identification tests were performed to assess the knowledge of the informants. Both descriptive statistics and quantitative ethnobotanical methods were used for data analysis. A total of 72 wild food species belonging to 46 families and 61 genera were reported from the study area. Asparagaceae and Rosaceae were the dominant families, and herbs were the dominant life form. Fruits (34 species) were the most frequently used plant parts, followed by young shoots (16 species). Most edible plants were consumed in summer and during rainy seasons. While the age and type of informants had an influence on the number of enumerated plants, gender did not. Key informants and people aged 30-45 reported more species than other groups of respondents. Most of the knowledge about the use of WEPs was acquired from parents and relatives. The consumption of these plants was attributed to diversifying cuisine, spicing staple food, nutri-medicinal values, and cultural practices. People perceived the availability of WEPs to be gradually decreasing. However, WEPs are still abundant and diverse in the study area, and knowledge on their use is well-preserved. These resources provide food and nutrients to local people and can also be a source of cash income. Therefore, the documented information on WEPs may serve as baseline data for further studies on nutritional values and provide guidelines for safe collection. The results also revealed that many wild species are under growing pressure from various anthropogenic factors, suggesting effective community engagement is required for their conservation.
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A Review on Silver Nanoparticles: Classification, Various Methods of Synthesis, and Their Potential Roles in Biomedical Applications and Water Treatment. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13162216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments in nanoscience have appreciably modified how diseases are prevented, diagnosed, and treated. Metal nanoparticles, specifically silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), are widely used in bioscience. From time to time, various synthetic methods for the synthesis of AgNPs are reported, i.e., physical, chemical, and photochemical ones. However, among these, most are expensive and not eco-friendly. The physicochemical parameters such as temperature, use of a dispersing agent, surfactant, and others greatly influence the quality and quantity of the synthesized NPs and ultimately affect the material’s properties. Scientists worldwide are trying to synthesize NPs and are devising methods that are easy to apply, eco-friendly, and economical. Among such strategies is the biogenic method, where plants are used as the source of reducing and capping agents. In this review, we intend to debate different strategies of AgNP synthesis. Although, different preparation strategies are in use to synthesize AgNPs such as electron irradiation, optical device ablation, chemical reduction, organic procedures, and photochemical methods. However, biogenic processes are preferably used, as they are environment-friendly and economical. The review covers a comprehensive discussion on the biological activities of AgNPs, such as antimicrobial, anticancer anti-inflammatory, and anti-angiogenic potentials of AgNPs. The use of AgNPs in water treatment and disinfection has also been discussed in detail.
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Sibiya NP, Kayitesi E, Moteetee AN. Proximate Analyses and Amino Acid Composition of Selected Wild Indigenous Fruits of Southern Africa. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:721. [PMID: 33917651 PMCID: PMC8068051 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A literature survey revealed that several wild indigenous Southern African fruits had previously not been evaluated for their proximate and amino acid composition, as well as the total energy value (caloric value). Fourteen species including Carissa macrocarpa, Carpobrotus edulis, Dovyalis caffra, Halleria lucida, Manilkara mochisia, Pappea capensis, Phoenix reclinata, and Syzygium guineense were analyzed in this study. The nutritional values for several species such as C. edulis, H. lucida, P. reclinata, and M. mochisia are being reported here for the first time. The following fruits had the highest proximate values: C. macrocarpa (ash at 20.42 mg/100 g), S. guineense (fat at 7.75 mg/100 g), P. reclinata (fiber at 29.89 mg/100 g), and H. lucida (protein at 6.98 mg/100 g and carbohydrates at 36.98 mg/100 g). Essential amino acids such as histidine, isoleucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, and valine were reported in all studied indigenous fruits. The high protein content in H. lucida was exhibited by the highest amino acid quantities for histidine. However, the fruits are a poor source of proteins since the content is lower than the recommended daily intake. The jacket-plum (Pappea capensis), on the other hand, meets and exceeds the required daily intake of lysine (0.0003 g/100 g or 13 mg/kg) recommended by the World Health Organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozipho P. Sibiya
- Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, APK Campus, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa;
| | - Eugenie Kayitesi
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, DFC Campus, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa;
- Department of Consumer and Food Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Annah N. Moteetee
- Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, APK Campus, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa;
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Role of Traditional Ethnobotanical Knowledge and Indigenous Communities in Achieving Sustainable Development Goals. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13063062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The sustainable development goals (SDGs) are a set of 17 goals with 169 targets. The Agenda 2030 of the United Nations envisages a holistic approach to achieve these goals by focusing on humankind and the planet. In this review, we analyzed the scientific literature and technical reports of international bodies such as the United Nations and Food and Agriculture Organization relating to traditional ethnobotanical knowledge (TEK). The literature on TEK was mapped with the targets of the SDGs to determine the role of traditional knowledge in the realization of selected goals and targets. Our extensive and systematic reviewing of available literatures suggests that, of the 17 goals, at least seven goals are associated with TEK. To achieve these seven goals, a thorough understanding is required to disentangle the intricacies involving TEK, indigenous people holding TEK, and their future role in achieving the SDGs. Our review points towards the role of TEK in achieving goals linked to poverty, health and wellbeing, responsible consumption and production, climate action, life on land, and partnerships. In summary, we argue that achieving the intended outcomes of the SDGs and the targets requires concerted efforts of all relevant stakeholders, including indigenous communities, common citizens, scientists, policy makers, and world leaders.
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