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Xie WJ, Liu M, Zhang X, Zhang YG, Jian ZH, Xiong XX. Astaxanthin suppresses LPS-induced myocardial apoptosis by regulating PTP1B/JNK pathway in vitro. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 127:111395. [PMID: 38141411 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Myocardial injury induced by sepsis can increase the patient's mortality, which is an important complication of sepsis. Myocardial apoptosis plays a key role in septic myocardial injury. Here we explored the potential mechanism of astaxanthin (ATX) inhibiting myocardial apoptosis induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro. METHODS The H9C2 cell experiment was conducted in three parts. In the first part, we set up three groups: control group, LPS group (10 µg/ml), a model of septic myocardial injury, and LPS + ATX (5, 10, 30 µM); In the second part, we set up four groups: control group, LPS group, LPS + PTP1B-IN-1, a protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitor, and LPS + PTP1B-IN-1 + ATX; In the third part, we set up four groups: control group, LPS group, LPS + Anisomycin, a c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activator, and LPS + Anisomycin + ATX. We assessed H9C2 cell viability using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. We observed cell apoptosis using flow cytometry analysis. We tested the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) using JC-1 staining. To identify the molecular targets of ATX, Astaxanthin targets were predicted through the SwissTargetPrediction database. We verified the binding affinity of ATX and its targets using microscale thermophoresis (MST). We investigated the p-JNK expression using immunofluorescence staining. Finally, Western blot was used to evaluate PTP1B, JNK, p-JNK and the mitochondrial apoptosis-associated protein expression. RESULTS LPS inhibited H9C2 cell viability in a time-dependent manner and ATX treatment enhances H9C2 cell viability in a concentration dependent manner after LPS administration. ATX inhibited the LPS-induced apoptosis and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in H9C2 cells. As predicted by the SwissTargetPrediction database, PTP1B was a potential target of ATX, and the interaction between ATX and PTP1B was further verified by MST. ATX attenuated the LPS-induced protein expression of PTP1B and p-JNK, regardless of PTP1B inhibition. Both immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting showed that ATX suppressed the LPS-induced p-JNK expression in H9C2 cells, regardless of Anisomycin administration. In addition, by adding Anisomycin to overexpress JNK, ATX inhibited the LPS-induced apoptosis, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and upregulation of mitochondrial apoptosis-associated proteins in H9C2 cells via JNK signaling. CONCLUSION ATX inhibited LPS-induced mitochondrial apoptosis of H9C2 cells by PTP1B/JNK pathway and PTP1B was the target of ATX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jie Xie
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Miao Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Yong-Gang Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Jian
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China.
| | - Xiao-Xing Xiong
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China.
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Wang Y, Zhao M, Cui J, Lian H, Hao Z, Lou L, Jia X, Zhao W, Shen H, Xing L, Zhang X. Ochratoxin A-enhanced glycolysis induces inflammatory responses in human gastric epithelium cells through mTOR/HIF-1α signaling pathway. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 270:115868. [PMID: 38142590 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin commonly found in several food commodities worldwide with potential nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic and carcinogenic effects. We previously showed for the first time that OTA treatment enhanced glycolysis in human gastric epithelium (GES-1) cells in vitro. Here, we found that OTA exposure activated inflammatory responses, evidenced by increasing of NF-κB signaling pathway-related protein (p-p65 and p-IκBα) expressions and elevating of inflammatory cytokine (IL-1β and IL-6) mRNA expressions in GES-1 cells. To elucidate the role of glycolysis in inflammatory effects triggered by OTA, we pretreated GES-1 cells with glycolysis inhibitor (2-deoxy-D-glucose, 2-DG) before OTA exposure. The result showed that 2-DG reduced the protein expressions of p-p65 and p-IκBα and alleviated the mRNA expressions of inflammatory cytokines in OTA-treated GES-1 cells. Furthermore, OTA activated the mTOR/HIF-1α pathway by increasing the protein expressions of p-mTOR, p-eIF4E and HIF-1α, and inhibition of mTOR with rapamycin or silencing HIF-1α with siRNA significantly attenuated OTA-enhanced glycolysis by reducing glycolysis related genes and thereby decreasing inflammatory effects of GES-1 cells. These results demonstrate that OTA activates inflammatory responses in GES-1 cells and this is controlled by mTOR/HIF-1α pathway-mediated glycolysis enhancement. Our findings provide a novel mechanistic view into OTA-induced gastric cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Man Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jinfeng Cui
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hongguang Lian
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zengfang Hao
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lei Lou
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xin Jia
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Haitao Shen
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lingxiao Xing
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xianghong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
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Dai G, Li M, Xu H, Quan N. Status of Research on Sestrin2 and Prospects for its Application in Therapeutic Strategies Targeting Myocardial Aging. Curr Probl Cardiol 2023; 48:101910. [PMID: 37422038 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.101910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac aging is accompanied by changes in the heart at the cellular and molecular levels, leading to alterations in cardiac structure and function. Given today's increasingly aging population, the decline in cardiac function caused by cardiac aging has a significant impact on quality of life. Antiaging therapies to slow the aging process and attenuate changes in cardiac structure and function have become an important research topic. Treatment with drugs, including metformin, spermidine, rapamycin, resveratrol, astaxanthin, Huolisu oral liquid, and sulforaphane, has been demonstrated be effective in delaying cardiac aging by stimulating autophagy, delaying ventricular remodeling, and reducing oxidative stress and the inflammatory response. Furthermore, caloric restriction has been shown to play an important role in delaying aging of the heart. Many studies in cardiac aging and cardiac aging-related models have demonstrated that Sestrin2 has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, stimulates autophagy, delays aging, regulates mitochondrial function, and inhibits myocardial remodeling by regulation of relevant signaling pathways. Therefore, Sestrin2 is likely to become an important target for antimyocardial aging therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoying Dai
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Meina Li
- Department of Infection Control, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - He Xu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Lequn Branch, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Nanhu Quan
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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Orellana-Urzúa S, Briones-Valdivieso C, Chichiarelli S, Saso L, Rodrigo R. Potential Role of Natural Antioxidants in Countering Reperfusion Injury in Acute Myocardial Infarction and Ischemic Stroke. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1760. [PMID: 37760064 PMCID: PMC10525378 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke and acute myocardial infarction are leading causes of mortality worldwide. The latter accounts for approximately 9 million deaths annually. In turn, ischemic stroke is a significant contributor to adult physical disability globally. While reperfusion is crucial for tissue recovery, it can paradoxically exacerbate damage through oxidative stress (OS), inflammation, and cell death. Therefore, it is imperative to explore diverse approaches aimed at minimizing ischemia/reperfusion injury to enhance clinical outcomes. OS primarily arises from an excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and/or decreased endogenous antioxidant potential. Natural antioxidant compounds can counteract the injury mechanisms linked to ROS. While promising preclinical results, based on monotherapies, account for protective effects against tissue injury by ROS, translating these models into human applications has yielded controversial evidence. However, since the wide spectrum of antioxidants having diverse chemical characteristics offers varied biological actions on cell signaling pathways, multitherapy has emerged as a valuable therapeutic resource. Moreover, the combination of antioxidants in multitherapy holds significant potential for synergistic effects. This study was designed with the aim of providing an updated overview of natural antioxidants suitable for preventing myocardial and cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Orellana-Urzúa
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile;
| | | | - Silvia Chichiarelli
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi-Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Ramón Rodrigo
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile;
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Wang R, Huang N, Ji J, Chen C. An integrated approach for evaluating the interactive effects between azoxystrobin and ochratoxin A: Pathway-based in vivo analyses. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 195:105556. [PMID: 37666592 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Azoxystrobin (AZO) is a broad-spectrum strobilurin fungicide widely used in agriculture. However, its use increases the possibility of co-occurrence with mycotoxins such as ochratoxin A (OTA), which poses a significant risk to human health. Therefore, it is imperative to prioritize the evaluation of the combined toxicity of these two compounds. To assess the combined effects of AZO and OTA, the response genes and phenotypes for AZO or OTA exposure were obtained by utilizing Comparative Toxicogenomics Database, and Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery was used for GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. In addition, we provided in-vivo evidence that AZO and OTA, in isolation and combination, could disrupt a variety of biological processes, such as oxidative stress, inflammatory response, apoptosis and thyroid hormone regulation under environmentally relevant concentrations. Notably, our findings suggest that the combined exposure group exhibited greater toxicity, as evidenced by the expression of various markers associated with the aforementioned biological processes, compared to the individual exposure group, which presents potential targets for the underlying mechanisms of induced toxicity. This study provides a novel methodological approach for exploring the mechanism of combined toxicity of a fungicide and a mycotoxin, which can shed light for conducting risk assessment of foodborne toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruike Wang
- School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Nan Huang
- School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Ji
- School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.
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Morilla MJ, Ghosal K, Romero EL. More Than Pigments: The Potential of Astaxanthin and Bacterioruberin-Based Nanomedicines. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1828. [PMID: 37514016 PMCID: PMC10385456 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are natural products regulated by the food sector, currently used as feed dyes and as antioxidants in dietary supplements and composing functional foods for human consumption. Of the nearly one thousand carotenoids described to date, only retinoids, derived from beta carotene, have the status of a drug and are regulated by the pharmaceutical sector. In this review, we address a novel field: the transformation of xanthophylls, particularly the highly marketed astaxanthin and the practically unknown bacterioruberin, in therapeutic agents by altering their pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and pharmacodynamics through their formulation as nanomedicines. The antioxidant activity of xanthophylls is mediated by routes different from those of the classical oral anti-inflammatory drugs such as corticosteroids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): remarkably, xanthophylls lack therapeutic activity but also lack toxicity. Formulated as nanomedicines, xanthophylls gain therapeutic activity by mechanisms other than increased bioavailability. Loaded into ad hoc tailored nanoparticles to protect their structure throughout storage and during gastrointestinal transit or skin penetration, xanthophylls can be targeted and delivered to selected inflamed cell groups, achieving a massive intracellular concentration after endocytosis of small doses of formulation. Most first reports showing the activities of oral and topical anti-inflammatory xanthophyll-based nanomedicines against chronic diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and dry eye disease emerged between 2020 and 2023. Here we discuss in detail their preclinical performance, mostly targeted vesicular and polymeric nanoparticles, on cellular models and in vivo. The results, although preliminary, are auspicious enough to speculate upon their potential use for oral or topical administration in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jose Morilla
- Nanomedicine Research and Development Centre (NARD), Science and Technology Department, National University of Quilmes, Roque Saenz Peña 352, Bernal 1876, Argentina
| | - Kajal Ghosal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, 188, Raja Subodh Chandra Mallick Rd., Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Eder Lilia Romero
- Nanomedicine Research and Development Centre (NARD), Science and Technology Department, National University of Quilmes, Roque Saenz Peña 352, Bernal 1876, Argentina
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7
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Zhang Z, Wang J, Wang J, Xie H, Zhang Z, Shi L, Zhu X, Lv Q, Chen X, Liu Y. Selenomethionine attenuates ochratoxin A-induced small intestinal injury in rabbits by activating the Nrf2 pathway and inhibiting NF-κB activation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 256:114837. [PMID: 37001190 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether selenomethionine (SeMet) could attenuate intestinal injury in rabbits induced by ochratoxin A (OTA). Sixty 35-day-old IRA rabbits with similar weights were randomly assigned to the control group, OTA group (0.2 mg OTA/kg b.w), OTA+ 0.2 mg/kg Se (0.2 mg OTA/kg b.w + 0.2 mg SeMet/kg feed), OTA+ 0.4 mg/kg Se (0.2 mg OTA/kg b.w + 0.4 mg SeMet/kg feed) and OTA+ 0.6 mg/kg Se (0.2 mg OTA/kg b.w + 0.6 mg SeMet/kg feed). The rabbits were examined after oral administration of different doses of SeMet for 21 days and were intragastrically administered OTA for 7 consecutive days. The results showed that pretreatment with different doses of SeMet protected against the changes in serum biochemical indicators and the decline in production performance caused by OTA exposure. In addition, the activities of SOD, GSH-PX and T-AOC were significantly increased, and the levels of MDA and ROS were decreased after SeMet pretreatment; thus, oxidative damage in rabbit jejunum tissue due to OTA exposure was inhibited. SeMet stimulates Nrf2 and inhibits the NF-κB signalling pathway; the anti-inflammatory response and antioxidative stress in rabbits were improved, and the intestinal barrier damage caused by OTA exposure was improved. In summary, SeMet alleviates OTA-induced intestinal toxicity in rabbits by activating the Nrf2 pathway and inhibiting NF-κB activation. Moreover, 0.4 mg/kg SeMet induced the most significant improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqiang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, Henan, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, Henan, China
| | - Jianing Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, Henan, China
| | - Hui Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, Henan, China
| | - Zhikai Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, Henan, China
| | - Lihui Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, Henan, China
| | - Xuemin Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, Henan, China
| | - Qiongxia Lv
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoguang Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, Henan, China
| | - Yumei Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, Henan, China.
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8
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Kanwugu ON, Glukhareva TV. Activation of Nrf2 pathway as a protective mechanism against oxidative stress-induced diseases: Potential of astaxanthin. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 741:109601. [PMID: 37086962 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
Astaxanthin, a red-orange liposoluble carotenoid, has been the centre of considerable attention in recent years for its numerous biological activities, notably its potent antioxidant activity. It is reported that astaxanthin elicits these biological activities via a number of cellular pathways. The Nrf2/Keap1 pathway is a major regulator of the antioxidant defence system of cells; it modulates the expression of a plethora of genes related to redox homeostasis as well as cellular detoxification. The pathway has received lots of attention as a prospective therapeutic target for diseases related to oxidative stress and aging. Several reports have shown that the pathway is inducible by many natural compounds. This present work reviews the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway, its regulation and involvement in diseases, provides a brief overview of naturally occurring compounds as activators of the pathway as well as discusses the effect of astaxanthin on the pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman N Kanwugu
- School of Natural Sciences, and ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia; Institute of Chemical Engineering, Ural Federal University Named After the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Mira Street 28, 620002, Ekaterinburg, Russia.
| | - Tatiana V Glukhareva
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Ural Federal University Named After the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Mira Street 28, 620002, Ekaterinburg, Russia
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Tian Y, Che H, Yang J, Jin Y, Yu H, Wang C, Fu Y, Li N, Zhang J. Astaxanthin Alleviates Aflatoxin B1-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in IPEC-J2 Cells via the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15030232. [PMID: 36977123 PMCID: PMC10057844 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15030232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a typical fungal toxin found in feed, is highly carcinogenic. Oxidative stress is one of the main ways it exerts its toxicity; therefore, finding a suitable antioxidant is the key to reducing its toxicity. Astaxanthin (AST) is a carotenoid with strong antioxidant properties. The aim of the present research was to determine whether AST eases the AFB1-induced impairment in IPEC-J2 cells, and its specific mechanism of action. AFB1 and AST were applied to IPEC-J2 cells in different concentrations for 24 h. The AST (80 µM) significantly prevented the reduction in the IPEC-J2 cell viability that was induced by AFB1 (10 μM). The results showed that treatment with AST attenuated the AFB1-induced ROS, and cytochrome C, the Bax/Bcl2 ratio, Caspase-9, and Caspase-3, which were all activated by AFB1, were among the pro-apoptotic proteins which were diminished by AST. AST activates the Nrf2 signaling pathway and ameliorates antioxidant ability. This was further evidenced by the expression of the HO-1, NQO1, SOD2, and HSP70 genes were all upregulated. Taken together, the findings show that the impairment of oxidative stress and apoptosis, caused by the AFB1 in the IPEC-J2 cells, can be attenuated by AST triggering the Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Tian
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Feed and Feeding in the Northeastern Frigid Area, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Haoyu Che
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Feed and Feeding in the Northeastern Frigid Area, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Jinsheng Yang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Feed and Feeding in the Northeastern Frigid Area, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yongcheng Jin
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Feed and Feeding in the Northeastern Frigid Area, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Feed and Feeding in the Northeastern Frigid Area, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Chuanqi Wang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Feed and Feeding in the Northeastern Frigid Area, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yurong Fu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Feed and Feeding in the Northeastern Frigid Area, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Na Li
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Feed and Feeding in the Northeastern Frigid Area, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
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Afzali A, Nazari H, Ahmadi E, Davoodian N, Amidi F, Taheri F, Bashiri Z, Kadivar A, Nemati Dehkordi M. The protective effects of astaxanthin on pre-antral follicle degeneration in ovine vitrified/warmed ovarian tissue. Cryobiology 2023:S0011-2240(23)00024-X. [PMID: 36925029 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
This study assesses the protective effects of astaxanthin (AST) against vitrification/warming-induced cryoinjuries of ovarian tissue slices in sheep. Cortical slices of slaughterhouse acquired-ovine ovaries were randomly distributed in different groups: fresh, toxicity, and five vitrification groups including vitrification in presence of 0 (control group), 1, 10 and 100 μM astaxanthin or 100 μM vitamin E. After vitrification/warming and 24 h culturing, the samples were subjected to histological studies, antioxidant evaluation by TAC and TBAR assays, and assessment of relative expression of BMP4, BMP15, GDF9 and KITLG genes related to folliculogenesis and follicular growth regulation. According to the results, vitrification reduced the percentage of morphologically intact follicles compared to the fresh and toxicity groups (p < 0.05). In vitrification groups, vitamin E and all three concentrations of AST increased the percentage of intact pre-antral follicles and antioxidant activity relative to the vitrified control (p < 0.05). This enhancement significantly occurred in 10 μM AST group more than vitamin E (p < 0.05). Also, 10 μM concentration of AST enhanced the expression of all the examined genes compared to the control (p < 0.05), while the expression of BMP4, BMP15 and KITLG was higher in the AST than vitamin E (p < 0.05). The latter could increase only the expression of GDF9 compared to the control group (p = 0.011). In conclusion, AST is a highly effective antioxidant for maintaining the survival of pre-antral follicles, retaining cell density, increasing total antioxidant capacity, and increasing the expression of some genes related to follicular development after short-term culture of vitrified/warmed ovarian tissue slices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azita Afzali
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Hassan Nazari
- Research Institute of Animal Embryo Technology, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Ebrahim Ahmadi
- Research Institute of Animal Embryo Technology, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Najmeh Davoodian
- Research Institute of Animal Embryo Technology, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Fardin Amidi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Taheri
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Zahra Bashiri
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Omid Fertility and Infertility Clinic, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Ali Kadivar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Maryam Nemati Dehkordi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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Deng M, Tong R, Bian Y, Hou G. Astaxanthin attenuates cigarette smoking-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in a sirtuin 1-dependent manner. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 159:114230. [PMID: 36696799 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation play key roles in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Astaxanthin (AXT) is a keto-carotenoid with a variety of biological functions, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects This study aimed to explore the protective role and underlying mechanism of AXT in the pathogenesis of COPD. In this study, we found AXT alleviated pulmonary emphysema in a CS-exposed mouse model and regulated the expression of MMP-9/TIMP-1. And, AXT attenuates CSE-induced small airway fibrosis. Meanwhile, AXT inhibited Nrf2-modulated oxidative stress and the p65 NF-κB-regulated inflammatory pathway in both the mouse model and CSE-treated HBE cells. Mechanistically, AXT could directly bind to SIRT1 (the binding energy of the complex was -8.8 kcal/mol) and regulate the deacetylation activity of SIRT1. Finally, by activating SIRT1 deacetylation, AXT deacetylated Nrf2 and contributed to its action of reducing oxidative stress by generating antioxidant enzymes, and inhibiting p65 NF-κB transcriptional activity to suppress the inflammatory response. Our results show that treatment with AXT significantly reverses the oxidative stress and inflammation induced by cigarette smoke both in vivo and in vitro in a sirtuin 1-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Deng
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital. No.2, East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Run Tong
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital. No.2, East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yiding Bian
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital. No.2, East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Gang Hou
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital. No.2, East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China..
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12
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Zhang X, Xu M, Cai S, Chen B, Lin H, Liu Z. Effects of astaxanthin on microRNA expression in a rat cardiomyocyte anoxia-reoxygenation model. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1103971. [PMID: 36817156 PMCID: PMC9936191 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1103971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The protective effects of astaxanthin against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injuries are well documented, although the mechanisms are not defined. Methods: The anoxia-reoxygenation injury model was established after astaxanthin treated H9c2 cells for 24 h. Cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase, oxidative stress level and western blot were tested. Secondly, measured the effects of astaxanthin pretreatment on microRNA expression in a rat myocardial cell anoxia-reoxygenation injury model. Results: After anoxia-reoxygenation injury, in a dose dependent manner, astaxanthin increased cell viability, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity, decreased lactate dehydrogenase and malondialdehyde levels, downregulated protein expression of caspase-3, caspase-8, nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 and heme oxygenase-1, and upregulated the Bcl-2/Bax ratio. High-throughput sequencing and qPCR showed that microRNAs rno-miR-125b-5p and rno-let-7c-1-3p were differentially expressed (|log2| ≥ 0.585, q < 0.1) between the normal, anoxia-reoxygenation, and astaxanthin (1.25 μM) groups. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and GO Gene ontology pathway enrichment analyses showed that TNF signaling, axon guidance, NF-κB signaling pathway, and other pathways displayed differentially expressed microRNA target genes associated with myocardial injuries. Discussion: These results suggested that thetarget genes of rno-miR-125b-5p were enriched in inflammation and apoptosis-related signaling pathways. Also, the results imply that simultaneous targeting of these related signaling pathways could significantly prevent myocardial anoxia-reoxygenation injury in the presence of astaxanthin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Zhang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, National Research and Development Center for Marine Fish Processing, Xiamen, China,Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
| | - Min Xu
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, National Research and Development Center for Marine Fish Processing, Xiamen, China,College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shuilin Cai
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, National Research and Development Center for Marine Fish Processing, Xiamen, China
| | - Bei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, National Research and Development Center for Marine Fish Processing, Xiamen, China
| | - Hetong Lin
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China,Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhiyu Liu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, National Research and Development Center for Marine Fish Processing, Xiamen, China,*Correspondence: Zhiyu Liu,
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Xia D, Mo Q, Yang L, Wang W. Crosstalk between Mycotoxins and Intestinal Microbiota and the Alleviation Approach via Microorganisms. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14120859. [PMID: 36548756 PMCID: PMC9784275 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14120859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungus. Due to their widespread distribution, difficulty in removal, and complicated subsequent harmful by-products, mycotoxins pose a threat to the health of humans and animals worldwide. Increasing studies in recent years have highlighted the impact of mycotoxins on the gut microbiota. Numerous researchers have sought to illustrate novel toxicological mechanisms of mycotoxins by examining alterations in the gut microbiota caused by mycotoxins. However, few efficient techniques have been found to ameliorate the toxicity of mycotoxins via microbial pathways in terms of animal husbandry, human health management, and the prognosis of mycotoxin poisoning. This review seeks to examine the crosstalk between five typical mycotoxins and gut microbes, summarize the functions of mycotoxins-induced alterations in gut microbes in toxicological processes and investigate the application prospects of microbes in mycotoxins prevention and therapy from a variety of perspectives. The work is intended to provide support for future research on the interaction between mycotoxins and gut microbes, and to advance the technology for preventing and controlling mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiyang Xia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qianyuan Mo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wence Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-020-85283756
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14
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Assar DH, Asa SA, El-Abasy MA, Elbialy ZI, Shukry M, Latif AAE, BinMowyna MN, Althobaiti NA, El-Magd MA. Aspergillus awamori attenuates ochratoxin A-induced renal and cardiac injuries in rabbits by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and downregulating IL1β, TNFα, and iNOS gene expressions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:69798-69817. [PMID: 35576029 PMCID: PMC9512883 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20599-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is one of the most dangerous and that pollute agricultural products, inducing a variety of toxic effects in humans and animals. The current study explored the protective effect of different concentrations of Aspergillus awamori (A. awamori) against OTA (0.3 mg/kg diet) induced renal and cardiac damage by exploring its mechanism of action in 60 New Zealand white male rabbits. Dietary supplementation of A. awamori at the selected doses of 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg diet, respectively, for 2 months significantly improved the rabbit's growth performance; modulated the suppressed immune response and restored the altered hematological parameters; reduced the elevated levels of renal injury biomarkers such as urea, creatinine, and alkaline phosphatase; and increased serum total proteins concentrations. Moreover, it also declined enzymatic activities of cardiac injury biomarkers, including AST, LDH, and CK-MB. A. awamori alleviated OTA-induced degenerative and necrotic changes in the kidney and heart of rabbits. Interestingly, A. awamori upregulated Nrf2/OH-1 signaling pathway. Therefore enhanced TAC, CAT, and SOD enzyme activities and reduced OTA-induced oxidative and nitrosative stress by declining iNOS gene expression and consequently lowered MDA and NO levels. In addition to attenuating renal and cardiac inflammation via reducing IL-1β, TNF-α gene expressions in a dose-dependent response. In conclusion,this is the first report to pinpoint that dietary incorporation of A. awamori counteracted OTA-induced renal and cardiac damage by potentiating the rabbit's antioxidant defense system through its potent antioxidant, free radical scavenging, and anti-inflammatory properties in a dose-dependent response. Based on our observations, A. awamori could be utilized as a natural protective agent against ochratoxicosis in rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa H. Assar
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516 Egypt
| | - Samah Abou Asa
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516 Egypt
| | - Moshira A. El-Abasy
- Poultry and Rabbit Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafr El-Sheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516 Egypt
| | - Zizy I. Elbialy
- Fish Processing and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516 Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Mustafa Shukry
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516 Egypt
| | - Amera Abd El Latif
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516 Egypt
| | - Mona N. BinMowyna
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah A. Althobaiti
- Biology Department, College of Science and Humanities-Al Quwaiiyah, Shaqra University, Al Quwaiiyah, 19257 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. El-Magd
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516 Egypt
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Cai X, Hua S, Deng J, Du Z, Zhang D, Liu Z, Khan NU, Zhou M, Chen Z. Astaxanthin Activated the Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway to Enhance Autophagy and Inhibit Ferroptosis, Ameliorating Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:42887-42903. [PMID: 36094079 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c10506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury (AILI) is a common liver disease in clinical practice. Only one clinically approved drug, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), for the treatment of AILI is available in clinics, but novel treatment strategies are still needed due to the complicated pathological changes of AILI and the side effects of NAC. Here, we found that astaxanthin (ASX) can prevent AILI through the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. After treatment with ASX, there was a positive activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in AILI models both in vivo and in vitro accompanied by enhanced autophagy and reduced ferroptosis. In APAP-challenged L02 liver cells, ASX reduced autophagy and enhanced apoptosis of the cells. Furthermore, we developed ASX-loaded hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (HMSN@ASX) to improve the aqueous solubility of ASX and targeted delivery of ASX to the liver and then significantly improve the therapeutic effects. Taken together, we found that ASX can protect against AILI by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, which mainly affects oxidative stress, autophagy, and ferroptosis processes, and the HMSN@ASX nanosystem can target the liver to enhance the treatment efficiency of AILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Cai
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou310003, China
| | - Shiyuan Hua
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310009, China
| | - Jingwen Deng
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou310058, China
- Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou310058, China
| | - Zhen Du
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310009, China
| | - Dongxiao Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310009, China
| | - Zhenfeng Liu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310009, China
| | - Nazif Ullah Khan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou310003, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310009, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, National Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou310009, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou310003, China
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Chaboksafar M, Fakhr L, Kheirouri S, Alizadeh M. The effects of astaxanthin supplementation on expression of microRNAs involved in cardiovascular diseases: a systematic review of current evidence. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2022; 73:1019-1029. [DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2022.2123909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Chaboksafar
- Students Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Laleh Fakhr
- Students Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sorayya Kheirouri
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Alizadeh
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Protective Effect of SeMet on Liver Injury Induced by Ochratoxin A in Rabbits. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14090628. [PMID: 36136566 PMCID: PMC9504919 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14090628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is second only to aflatoxin in toxicity among mycotoxins. Recent studies have shown that selenomethionine (SeMet) has a protective effect on mycotoxin-induced toxicity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effect and mechanism of SeMet on OTA-induced liver injury in rabbits. Sixty 35-day-old rabbits with similar body weight were randomly divided into five groups: control group, OTA group (0.2 mg/kg OTA), OTA + 0.2 mg/kg SeMet group, OTA + 0.4 mg/kg SeMet group and OTA + 0.6 mg/kg SeMet group. Rabbits were fed different doses of the SeMet diet for 21 d, and OTA was administered for one week from day 15 (the control group was provided the same dose of NaHCO3 solution). The results showed that 0.4 mg/kg SeMet could significantly improve the liver injury induced by OTA poisoning. SeMet supplementation can improve the changes in physiological blood indexes caused by OTA poisoning in rabbits and alleviate pathological damage to the rabbit liver. SeMet also increased the activities of SOD, GSH-Px and T-AOC and significantly decreased the contents of ROS, MDA, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, effectively alleviating the oxidative stress and inflammatory response caused by OTA poisoning. In addition, OTA poisoning inhibits Nrf2 and HO-1 levels, ultimately leading to peroxide reaction, while SeMet activates the Nrf2 signaling pathway and enhances the expression of the HO-1 downstream Nrf2 gene. These results suggest that Se protects the liver from OTA-induced hepatotoxicity by regulating Nrf2/HO-1 expression.
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Protective Effects and Mechanisms of Melatonin on Stress Myocardial Injury in Rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2022; 80:417-429. [PMID: 35900905 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Prolonged and intense stress can exceed the body's normal self-regulation and limited compensatory and repair capacity, resulting in pathological damage to the body. In this study, we established a rat stress myocardial injury (SMI) model to explore the protective effect of melatonin (MLT) on SMI and its possible mechanisms of action. Adult female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: blank control group (NC), SMI group, MLT low-dose group, MLT medium-dose group, and MLT high-dose group, and 10 rats in each group were used to establish a SMI model by the water immersion restraint method. We observed the changes in body weight and tail vein glucose of each group. Serum levels of corticosterone (Cort), creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB), and Troponin Ⅰ (Tn-Ⅰ) and activity of lactic acid dehydrogenase were measured by ELISA. Transcriptome sequencing was used to find differentially expressed genes in the control and model groups, and the results were verified by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). HE staining was used to visualize the pathological changes in the heart tissue of each group, and Western blot was used to study the differences in protein expression in the cardiomyocytes of each group to further corroborate the results. The body weight growth rate of rats in the SMI group was significantly lower than that of the NC group ( P < 0.01), and the body weight growth rate of rats in the MLT high-dose group was significantly higher than that of the SMI group ( P < 0.05) with no significant difference compared with the NC group rats. The mean blood glucose of rats in the SMI group was significantly higher compared with the NC group ( P < 0.001), while the mean blood glucose of rats in the MLT administration groups was dose-dependently reduced compared with the SMI group. By RNA-seq and bioinformatics tools such as KEGG and Gene ontology, we found that the circadian clock-related genes Ciart , Arnt1 , Per1 , and Dbp were significantly downregulated in the SMI group during water immersion stress, and differentially expressed genes were enriched in the p38MAPK signaling pathway and p53 signaling pathway. Moreover, genes related to inflammation and apoptosis were differentially expressed. ELISA results showed that Cort, CK-MB, and Tn-Ⅰ levels were significantly higher in the SMI group compared with the NC group ( P < 0.01) and melatonin reduced the levels of Cort, CK-MB, and Tn-Ⅰ and decreased lactic acid dehydrogenase activity in rat serum. HE staining results showed that melatonin could attenuate stress-generated myocardial injury. Western blot showed that melatonin reduced the expression of p38MAPK, p53, Bax, and caspase-3 and increased the expression of Bcl-2 protein in rat heart. Melatonin can inhibit myocardial injury caused by water immersion, and its mechanism of action may be related to the regulation of the expression of circadian clock genes such as Ciart , Arnt1 , Per1 , and Dbp ; the inhibition of the expression of proapoptotic proteins such as p38MAPK, p53, Bax, and caspase-3; and the increase of the expression of Bcl-2 antiapoptotic protein.
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Zhou H, Sun F, Lin H, Fan Y, Wang C, Yu D, Liu N, Wu A. Food bioactive compounds with prevention functionalities against fungi and mycotoxins: developments and challenges. Curr Opin Food Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2022.100916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Mularczyk M, Bourebaba N, Marycz K, Bourebaba L. Astaxanthin Carotenoid Modulates Oxidative Stress in Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells Isolated from Equine Metabolic Syndrome Affected Horses by Targeting Mitochondrial Biogenesis. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081039. [PMID: 36008933 PMCID: PMC9405637 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin is gaining recognition as a natural bioactive component. This study aimed to test whether astaxanthin could protect adipose-derived stromal stem cells (ASCs) from apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Phaffia rhodozyma was used to extract astaxanthin, whose biocompatibility was tested after 24, 48 and 72 h of incubation with the cells; no harmful impact was found. ASCs were treated with optimal concentrations of astaxanthin. Several parameters were examined: cell viability, apoptosis, reactive oxygen levels, mitochondrial dynamics and metabolism, superoxide dismutase activity, and astaxanthin’s antioxidant capacity. A RT PCR analysis was performed after each test. The astaxanthin treatment significantly reduced apoptosis by modifying the normalized caspase activity of pro-apoptotic pathways (p21, p53, and Bax). Furthermore, by regulating the expression of related master factors SOD1, SOD2, PARKIN, PINK 1, and MFN 1, astaxanthin alleviated the oxidative stress and mitochondrial dynamics failure caused by EMS. Astaxanthin restored mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation by stimulating markers associated with the OXPHOS machinery: COX4I1, COX4I2, UQCRC2, NDUFA9, and TFAM. Our results suggest that astaxanthin has the potential to open new possibilities for potential bio-drugs to control and suppress oxidative stress, thereby improving the overall metabolic status of equine ASCs suffering from metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malwina Mularczyk
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (N.B.); (K.M.)
- International Institute of Translational Medicine, Jesionowa 11, Malin, 55-114 Wisznia Mała, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (L.B.); Tel.: +48-71-320-5248 (L.B.)
| | - Nabila Bourebaba
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (N.B.); (K.M.)
| | - Krzysztof Marycz
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (N.B.); (K.M.)
- International Institute of Translational Medicine, Jesionowa 11, Malin, 55-114 Wisznia Mała, Poland
| | - Lynda Bourebaba
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (N.B.); (K.M.)
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (L.B.); Tel.: +48-71-320-5248 (L.B.)
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Malvandi AM, Shahba S, Mehrzad J, Lombardi G. Metabolic Disruption by Naturally Occurring Mycotoxins in Circulation: A Focus on Vascular and Bone Homeostasis Dysfunction. Front Nutr 2022; 9:915681. [PMID: 35811967 PMCID: PMC9263741 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.915681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Naturally occurring food/feed contaminants have become a significant global issue due to animal and human health implications. Despite risk assessments and legislation setpoints on the mycotoxins' levels, exposure to lower amounts occurs, and it might affect cell homeostasis. However, the inflammatory consequences of this possible everyday exposure to toxins on the vascular microenvironment and arterial dysfunction are unexplored in detail. Circulation is the most accessible path for food-borne toxins, and the consequent metabolic and immune shifts affect systemic health, both on vascular apparatus and bone homeostasis. Their oxidative nature makes mycotoxins a plausible underlying source of low-level toxicity in the bone marrow microenvironment and arterial dysfunction. Mycotoxins could also influence the function of cardiomyocytes with possible injury to the heart. Co-occurrence of mycotoxins can modulate the metabolic pathways favoring osteoblast dysfunction and bone health losses. This review provides a novel insight into understanding the complex events of coexposure to mixed (low levels) mycotoxicosis and subsequent metabolic/immune disruptions contributing to chronic alterations in circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Mohammad Malvandi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Amir Mohammad Malvandi ; orcid.org/0000-0003-1243-2372
| | - Sara Shahba
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jalil Mehrzad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Giovanni Lombardi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
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Mechanism of Action of Zhi Gan Cao Decoction for Atrial Fibrillation and Myocardial Fibrosis in a Mouse Model of Atrial Fibrillation: A Network Pharmacology-Based Study. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:4525873. [PMID: 35720023 PMCID: PMC9203184 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4525873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF), a commonly seen cardiac disease without optimal curative treatment option, is usually treated by traditional Chinese medicine in China. The Zhi-Gan-Cao decoction (ZGCD) is an alternative medicine for clinical use and has definitive effects. It remains to be defined regarding the specific components and related mechanisms of ZGCD for the treatment of AF. We determined the primary constituents and major targets of the herbs in ZGCD using the TCMSP, HERB, and BATMAN-TCM databases. The UniProt databank database amended and combined the prospective names to supply objective data and records. Every target connected to AF was generated using the GeneCards databank, Drugbank database, TTD, Disgenet database, and OMIM. After identifying possible common targets between ZGCD and AF, the interface network illustration “ZGCD component-AF-target” was created using Cytoscape. We obtained 175 constituents and 839 targets for seven herbal drug categories in the ZGCD and identified 1008 targets of AF. After merging and removing repetitions, 136 collective targets between the ZGCD and AF were removed using the Cytoscape system. These renowned targets were generated from 38 suitable components from among the 157 components. GO enhancement examination and KEGG enrichment analysis by Metascape identified the close connection between the critical target genes and 20 signaling pathways. Then, we injected isoproterenol subcutaneously into the mouse and gave gavage with roasted licorice soup. Two weeks later, mouse were processed and sampled for testing. The results of HE and Masson staining showed that ZGCD effectively alleviated the degree of myocardial fibrosis. As indicated by qRT-PCR and Western blotting, ZGCD significantly reduced COL1A1, COL1A2, COL3A1, and TGF-β1 in myocardial fibrotic tissue to reduce myocardial fibrosis and treat AF by interfering with the expression of COL1A1, COL1A2, COL3A1, and TGF-β1 in myocardial tissue. ZGCD may treat AF by lowering the degree of myocardial fibrosis.
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Alugoju P, Krishna Swamy VKD, Anthikapalli NVA, Tencomnao T. Health benefits of astaxanthin against age-related diseases of multiple organs: A comprehensive review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:10709-10774. [PMID: 35708049 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2084600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Age-related diseases are associated with increased morbidity in the past few decades and the cost associated with the treatment of these age-related diseases exerts a substantial impact on social and health care expenditure. Anti-aging strategies aim to mitigate, delay and reverse aging-associated diseases, thereby improving quality of life and reducing the burden of age-related pathologies. The natural dietary antioxidant supplementation offers substantial pharmacological and therapeutic effects against various disease conditions. Astaxanthin is one such natural carotenoid with superior antioxidant activity than other carotenoids, as well as well as vitamins C and E, and additionally, it is known to exhibit a plethora of pharmacological effects. The present review summarizes the protective molecular mechanisms of actions of astaxanthin on age-related diseases of multiple organs such as Neurodegenerative diseases [Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Stroke, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Status Epilepticus (SE)], Bone Related Diseases [Osteoarthritis (OA) and Osteoporosis], Cancers [Colon cancer, Prostate cancer, Breast cancer, and Lung Cancer], Cardiovascular disorders [Hypertension, Atherosclerosis and Myocardial infarction (MI)], Diabetes associated complications [Diabetic nephropathy (DN), Diabetic neuropathy, and Diabetic retinopathy (DR)], Eye disorders [Age related macular degeneration (AMD), Dry eye disease (DED), Cataract and Uveitis], Gastric Disorders [Gastritis, Colitis, and Functional dyspepsia], Kidney Disorders [Nephrolithiasis, Renal fibrosis, Renal Ischemia reperfusion (RIR), Acute kidney injury (AKI), and hyperuricemia], Liver Diseases [Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), Alcoholic Liver Disease (AFLD), Liver fibrosis, and Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion (IR) Injury], Pulmonary Disorders [Pulmonary Fibrosis, Acute Lung injury (ALI), and Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)], Muscle disorders (skeletal muscle atrophy), Skin diseases [Atopic dermatitis (ATD), Skin Photoaging, and Wound healing]. We have also briefly discussed astaxanthin's protective effects on reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phaniendra Alugoju
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - V K D Krishna Swamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University (A Central University), Puducherry, India
| | | | - Tewin Tencomnao
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Identification and Characterization of a New Microalga Dysmorphococcus globosus-HI from the Himalayan Region as a Potential Source of Natural Astaxanthin. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11060884. [PMID: 35741404 PMCID: PMC9220219 DOI: 10.3390/biology11060884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Synthesized astaxanthin (ASX), stereoisomers of 3S,3′R, 3R,3′R, and 3S,3′S, have over 95% market share and have relatively poor antioxidant and bioactivity properties, with persistent issues in terms of biological functions, health benefits, and biosafety if compared to natural ASX. Bioprospecting of new microalgal strains could be vital for a new source of powerful antioxidant (ASX). In this study, a new algal strain was isolated from the Indian foothills of the Himalayas. Its identity was discerned by morphological and DNA barcode studies. It is a unicellular spheroidal cell-shaped alga with 100–200 μm diameter. The isolate has 93.4% similarity to Dysmorphococcus globosus species based on 18S-rDNA phylogenetic analysis and named as D. globosus-HI (HI stands for Himalayan India). Its growth and major cellular components (carotenoids, carbohydrates, protein, lipids, fatty acid profile, and ASX) were optimized using the seven different culture media. The highest biomass (1.14 g L−1) was observed in the MBBM medium, with a specific growth rate (0.087 day−1), division/day (0.125), and cellular yield (6.16 x 106 cells/mL). The highest carotenoids (1.56 mg g−1), lipids (32.5 mg L−1), and carbohydrates (135.62 mg L−1) were recorded in the 3N-BBM medium. The maximum ω3-FAs (17.78%), ω6-FAs (23.11%), and ω9-FAs (7.06%) were observed in MBBM, JW, and BG-11 medium respectively. The highest amount of antioxidant ASX was accumulated in the 3N-BBM medium (391 mg L−1). It is more than any other known algal species used in the production of natural ASX. The optimized biochemical studies on the D. globosus-HI strain should fulfill the increasing demand for natural ASX for commercial application.
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Astaxanthin as a Modulator of Nrf2, NF-κB, and Their Crosstalk: Molecular Mechanisms and Possible Clinical Applications. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27020502. [PMID: 35056816 PMCID: PMC8779084 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin (AST) is a dietary xanthophyll predominantly found in marine organisms and seafood. Due to its unique molecular features, AST has an excellent antioxidant activity with a wide range of applications in the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries. In the past decade, mounting evidence has suggested a protective role for AST against a wide range of diseases where oxidative stress and inflammation participate in a self-perpetuating cycle. Here, we review the underlying molecular mechanisms by which AST regulates two relevant redox-sensitive transcription factors, such as nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Nrf2 is a cellular sensor of electrophilic stress that coordinates the expression of a battery of defensive genes encoding antioxidant proteins and detoxifying enzymes. Likewise, NF-κB acts as a mediator of cellular stress and induces the expression of various pro-inflammatory genes, including those encoding cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules. The effects of AST on the crosstalk between these transcription factors have also been discussed. Besides this, we summarize the current clinical studies elucidating how AST may alleviate the etiopathogenesis of oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Gacem MA, Abd-Elsalam KA. Nanomaterials for the Reduction of Mycotoxins in Cereals. CEREAL DISEASES: NANOBIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES FOR DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT 2022:371-406. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-3120-8_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Park HJ, Yang SG, Koo DB. SESN2/NRF2 signaling activates as a direct downstream regulator of the PERK pathway against endoplasmic reticulum stress to improve the in vitro maturation of porcine oocytes. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 178:413-427. [PMID: 34923100 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.12.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a critical regulator of oxidative stress in mammalian oocytes. Our previous study described the protective effects of Sestrin-2 (SESN2) as a stress regulator against endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in porcine oocytes during in vitro maturation (IVM). However, their roles in unfolded protein response-related signaling pathways in porcine oocyte maturation capacity remain unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of SESN2/NRF2 signaling in H2O2-induced oxidative stress and ER stress via protein kinase-like ER kinase (PERK) downstream factor during porcine oocyte maturation. Here, we found that the p-NRF2(Ser40) activation in the nucleus of porcine oocytes was accompanied by PERK signaling downregulation using western blot and immunofluorescence staining at 44 h after IVM. The total and nuclear NRF2 protein expression was also induced in porcine oocytes following H2O2 and tunicamycin (Tm) exposure. Notably, the upregulation of PERK signaling significantly increased the SESN2 and NRF2 signaling in H2O2-and Tm-exposed porcine cumulus oocyte complexes. Interestingly, inducing the knockdown of the SESN2 gene expression by siRNA interrupted the NRF2 signaling activation of porcine oocyte maturation, whereas NRF2 expression blockade by ochratoxin A, an NRF2 inhibitor, did not affect the expression level of the SESN2 protein. Moreover, a defect in SESN2 completely blocked the activity of nuclear NRF2 on spindle assembly in porcine oocytes. These findings suggest that the PERK/SESN2/NRF2 signaling pathway may play an important role against ER stress during meiotic maturation and oocyte maturation capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Jin Park
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Daegu University, 201 Daegudae-ro, Jillyang, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea; Institute of Infertility, Daegu University, 201 Daegudae-ro, Jillyang, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul-Gi Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Daegu University, 201 Daegudae-ro, Jillyang, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea; Institute of Infertility, Daegu University, 201 Daegudae-ro, Jillyang, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Deog-Bon Koo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Daegu University, 201 Daegudae-ro, Jillyang, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea; Institute of Infertility, Daegu University, 201 Daegudae-ro, Jillyang, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea.
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Haematococcus pluvialis as a Potential Source of Astaxanthin with Diverse Applications in Industrial Sectors: Current Research and Future Directions. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216470. [PMID: 34770879 PMCID: PMC8587866 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Haematococcus pluvialis, a green microalga, appears to be a rich source of valuable bioactive compounds, such as astaxanthin, carotenoids, proteins, lutein, and fatty acids (FAs). Astaxanthin has a variety of health benefits and is used in the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries. Astaxanthin, for example, preserves the redox state and functional integrity of mitochondria and shows advantages despite a low dietary intake. Because of its antioxidant capacity, astaxanthin has recently piqued the interest of researchers due to its potential pharmacological effects, which include anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities, as well as neuro-, cardiovascular-, ocular, and skin-protective properties. Astaxanthin is a popular nutritional ingredient and a significant component in animal and aquaculture feed. Extensive studies over the last two decades have established the mechanism by which persistent oxidative stress leads to chronic inflammation, which then mediates the majority of serious diseases. This mini-review provides an overview of contemporary research that makes use of the astaxanthin pigment. This mini-review provides insight into the potential of H. pluvialis as a potent antioxidant in the industry, as well as the broad range of applications for astaxanthin molecules as a potent antioxidant in the industrial sector.
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Zhang LM, Lv SS, Fu SR, Wang JQ, Liang LY, Li RQ, Zhang F, Ma YX. Procyanidins inhibit fine particulate matter-induced vascular smooth muscle cells apoptosis via the activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 223:112586. [PMID: 34364126 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The functional role of procyanidins (PC) in PM2.5-induced cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is largely unexplored. This study aimed to explore the protective effect of PC against PM2.5-induced vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) apoptosis and underlying mechanisms. Sprague Dawley rats were pretreated with three doses of PC (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) and exposed to 10 mg/kg PM2.5 by intratracheal instillation three times a week. VSMCs were exposed to 5, 10, and 20 μM PC before the addition of 100 μg/mL PM2.5. In vivo, the PM2.5 exposure induced apoptosis in the thoracic aorta of rats. The PM2.5 exposure significantly elevated the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and decreased the superoxide dismutase activity. Also, PC supplementation increased the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and its downstream antioxidant genes, i.e., NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinine) 1 and heme oxygenase 1, attenuated oxidative stress and vascular apoptosis. In vitro, PM2.5 induced cytotoxicity in VSMCs in a dose-dependent manner. Besides, PC abolished the PM2.5-induced cytotoxicity by activating the Nrf2 signal pathway, alleviating oxidative stress, and decreasing apoptosis. In conclusion, this work is the first study to demonstrate that PC can suppress the PM2.5-induced VSMCs apoptosis via the activation of the Nrf2 signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Min Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Shuai-Shuai Lv
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Shi-Rui Fu
- Department of Acute and Infectious Diseases Prevention and Treatment, Xiangyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xiangyang 441000, China
| | - Jia-Qi Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Lu-Yao Liang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Rui-Qiang Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Yu-Xia Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang 050017, China.
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Beneficial effects and health benefits of Astaxanthin molecules on animal production: A review. Res Vet Sci 2021; 138:69-78. [PMID: 34111716 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Astaxanthin (AST) is a red pigment of carotenoid and is considered a high-quality keto-carotenoid pigment with food, livestock, cosmetic, therapeutic and nutraceutical proposes. Astaxanthin exists naturally in fish, crustacean, algae, and birds that naturally exists, principally as fatty acid esters. Many investigations have exhibited the beneficial impacts of astaxanthin when utilized as a pharmaceutical agent in animal nutrition. Astaxanthin has a variety of considerable biological actions, such as being antihypertensive, an antioxidant, anti-obesity properties, and anti-carcinogenic. Astaxanthin has recently acquired popularity as a powerful immunomodulator to maintain the health status and well-being of both animals and humans. The use of astaxanthin is broadly utilized in medical sciences and the nutrition pf aquatic species; however, it presently has limited applications in broader animal nutrition. Understanding astaxanthin's structure, source, and mode of action in the body provides a conceptual base for its clinical application and could enhance the screening of compounds associated with the treatment of many diseases. This review article aims to clarify the important aspects of astaxanthin such as its synthesis, bioavailability, and therapeutics actions, with special interest in practical applications. Awareness of this benefits and production is expected to aid the livestock industry to develop nutritional strategies that ensure the protection of animal health.
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Cao P, Zhang W, Wang G, Zhao X, Gao N, Liu Z, Xu R. Low Dose of Folic Acid Can Ameliorate Hyperhomocysteinemia-Induced Cardiac Fibrosis and Diastolic Dysfunction in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Int Heart J 2021; 62:627-635. [PMID: 33994505 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.20-593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate whether lowering plasma homocysteine (Hcy) levels at different doses of folic acid (FA) could reduce cardiac fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) with hyperhomocysteinemia (Hhcy) and investigate the possible mechanism of action.We randomly divided 32 male SHRs into control, Hhcy, Hhcy + low-dose FA (LFA), and Hhcy + high-dose FA (HFA) groups. Echocardiography and Masson staining of cardiac tissue were used to assess diastolic function and cardiac fibrosis. Blood pressure (BP) and Hcy levels were measured during the experiment. We also measured the indicators of oxidative stress (OS) and examined the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) genes and proteins using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunohistochemistry, and western blotting to explore the possible mechanism of action.FA treatment reversed SHR cardiomyocyte interstitial and perivascular collagen deposition and diastolic dysfunction exacerbated by Hhcy. These effects were associated with promoting the translocation of Nrf2 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, activating HO-1 expression and inhibiting OS. However, HFA did not show any additional benefit from LFA in reducing cardiac injury.Even at a low dose, FA can ameliorate Hhcy-induced cardiac fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction in SHRs by activating Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and inhibiting OS, independent of BP, providing evidence for the efficacy of LFA in the treatment of hypertension associated with Hhcy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University
- Department of Geriatrics, Taian City Central Hospital
| | | | - Guicheng Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Taian City Central Hospital
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, People's Hospital of Dongying
| | - Ning Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Taian City Central Hospital
| | - Rui Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University
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Ashrafizadeh M, Ahmadi Z, Yaribeygi H, Sathyapalan T, Sahebkar A. Astaxanthin and Nrf2 signaling pathway: a novel target for new therapeutic approaches. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 22:312-321. [PMID: 33964864 DOI: 10.2174/1389557521666210505112834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Astaxanthin (AST) is a naturally occurring compound isolated from various sources such as fungi, plants, salmon, and crab. However, Haematococcus Pluvialis, a green alga, is the primary source of this beta carotenoid compound. AST has several favourable biological and pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-diabetes, hepatoprotective and neuroprotective. Nevertheless, the exact molecular mechanisms of these protective effects of AST are unclear yet. The Nrf2 signaling pathway is one of the critical candidate signaling pathways that may be involved in these beneficial effects of AST. This signaling pathway is responsible for maintaining the redox balance in the physiologic state. Upon nuclear translocation, Nrf2 signaling activates antioxidant enzymes to reduce oxidative stress and protect cells against damage. In the current study, we have reviewed the effects of AST on the Nrf2 signaling pathway, which could potentially be developed as a novel therapeutic approach for the management of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zahra Ahmadi
- PhD student of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Habib Yaribeygi
- PhD student of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Abstract
Natural astaxanthin exists widely in algae, fungi, shrimp and crab, and, as a strong antioxidant, has potential effects on cardiovascular diseases, cancer, liver diseases and other physical health diseases. The treatment of many diseases involves the body’s signal transduction to regulate the body’s antioxidant defense system and inflammation. Astaxanthin is usually used as a dietary supplement, which plays an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory role in the organism. This article reviews the structure, source of astaxanthin and how it plays an anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant role in organisms, especially in treating diabetes.
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Liu G, Wu Y, Jin S, Sun J, Wan BB, Zhang J, Wang Y, Gao ZQ, Chen D, Li S, Pang Q, Wang Z. Itaconate ameliorates methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-induced acute lung injury through the Nrf2/ARE pathway. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:712. [PMID: 33987410 PMCID: PMC8106008 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-1448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are a critical predisposing factor of sepsis in the clinic. As a product of human energy metabolism and immune response, itaconate can effectively reduce inflammation in the body. This research employed 4-octyl itaconate (4-OI) to illustrate that itaconate exerted anti-inflammatory effects to protect the body from acute lung injury (ALI) induced by MRSA. Methods HE staining and immunohistochemistry are used to evaluate the MRSA-induced ALI in mice. WB and qPCR were used to verify the effect of 4-OI on inflammation and oxidative stress caused by MRSA. Molecular docking was used to verify the binding sites of 4-OI and Keap1. Results We demonstrated that 4-OI treatment increased the survival ratio, attenuated the pathological damage, inhibited neutrophil infiltration, and reduced lung bacterial burden in the mouse MRSA pneumonia model. 4-OI decreased the expression of inflammatory factors by stimulating the Nrf2 in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, 4-OI exerted its effect by promoting nuclear transport of Nrf2 in vitro. The results of molecular docking indicated that 4-OI bound to the pocket of Keap1 and exerted a stable interaction. Both Nrf2 inhibitors (ML385) and Nrf2−/− mice abolished the protective effect of 4-OI on MRSA-induced inflammation both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions 4-OI prevents lung damage caused by MRSA bacteremia via activating Nrf2/ARE pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yaxian Wu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Sihao Jin
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jiaojiao Sun
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Bin-Bin Wan
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jiru Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhi-Qi Gao
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Shengpeng Li
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qingfeng Pang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the AhR, Smad2/3, and HIF-1α Pathways as the Mechanism of Ochratoxin A Toxicity in Kidney Cells. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13030190. [PMID: 33800744 PMCID: PMC7999264 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13030190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin occurring in foods consumed by humans. Recently, there has been growing global concern regarding OTA toxicity. The main target organ of OTA is the kidney, but the mechanism underlying renal toxicity is not well known. In this study, human-derived proximal tubular epithelial cells, HK-2 cells, were used for RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and transcriptome analysis. In total, 3193 differentially expressed genes were identified upon treatment with 200 nM OTA in HK-2 cells; of these, 2224 were upregulated and 969 were downregulated. Transcriptome analysis revealed that OTA significantly affects hypoxia, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), apoptosis, and xenobiotic metabolism pathways in kidney cells. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed gene expression patterns similar to RNA-seq analysis. Expression of EMT markers (E-cadherin and fibronectin), apoptosis markers (caspase-3 and Bax), and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) was suppressed by inhibiting AhR expression using siRNA, and the related transcription factors, Smad2/3, and HIF-1α were downregulated. Smad2/3 suppression with siRNA could inhibit fibronetcin, caspase-3, Bax, and KIM-1 expression. Fibronetcin, caspase-3, Bax, and KIM-1 expression could be increased with HIF-1α suppression with siRNA. Taken together, these findings suggest that OTA-mediated kidney toxicity via the AhR-Smad2/3-HIF-1α signaling pathways leads to induction of EMT, apoptosis, and kidney injury.
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Nrf2 a molecular therapeutic target for Astaxanthin. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111374. [PMID: 33761600 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin (ATX) is a red pigment carotenoid present in shrimp, salmon, crab, and asteroidean. Several studies have corroborated the anti-oxidant efficacy of ATX. In addition, ATX has anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and anti-proliferative properties. In the present review, we discuss the role of Nrf2 in mediating the anti-cancer, anti-aging, neuroprotective, lung-protective, skin-protective, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, anti-diabetic and muscloprotective effects of ATX.
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Kanwugu ON, Glukhareva TV, Danilova IG, Kovaleva EG. Natural antioxidants in diabetes treatment and management: prospects of astaxanthin. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:5005-5028. [PMID: 33591215 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1881434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes remains a major health emergency in our entire world, affecting hundreds of millions of people worldwide. In conjunction with its much-dreaded complications (e.g., nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy, cardiovascular diseases, etc.) it substantially reduces the quality of life, increases mortality as well as economic burden among patients. Over the years, oxidative stress and inflammation have been highlighted as key players in the development and progression of diabetes and its associated complications. Much research has been devoted, as such, to the role of antioxidants in diabetes. Astaxanthin is a powerful antioxidant found mostly in marine organisms. Over the past years, several studies have demonstrated that astaxanthin could be useful in the treatment and management of diabetes. It has been shown to protect β-cells, neurons as well as several organs including the eyes, kidney, liver, etc. against oxidative injuries experienced during diabetes. Furthermore, it improves glucose and lipid metabolism along with cardiovascular health. Its beneficial effects are exerted through multiple actions on cellular functions. Considering these and the fact that foods and natural products with biological and pharmacological activities are of much interest in the 21st-century food and drug industry, astaxanthin has a bright prospect in the management of diabetes and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman N Kanwugu
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Glukhareva
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia.,Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Irina G Danilova
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russia Academy of Science, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Elena G Kovaleva
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia
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Kozieł MJ, Kowalska K, Piastowska-Ciesielska AW. Nrf2: a main responsive element in cells to mycotoxin-induced toxicity. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:1521-1533. [PMID: 33554281 PMCID: PMC8113212 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-02995-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor participating in response to cellular oxidative stress to maintain the redox balance. Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and, in consequence, oxidative stress, are physiological as well as pathological processes which take place in almost all types of cells. Nrf2, in response to oxidative stress, activates expression and production of antioxidant enzymes to remove free radicals. However, the role of Nrf2 seems to be more sophisticated and its increased expression observed in cancer cells allows to draw a conclusion that its role is tissue—and condition—dependent. Interestingly, Nrf2 might also play a crucial role in response to environmental factors like mycotoxins. Thus, the aim of the study is to review the role of Nrf2 in cells exposed to most common mycotoxins to check if the Nrf2 signaling pathway serves as the main response element to mycotoxin-induced oxidative stress in human and animal cells and if it can be a target of detoxifying agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Justyna Kozieł
- Medical University of Lodz, Department of Cell Cultures and Genomic Analysis, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752, Lodz, Poland
| | - Karolina Kowalska
- Medical University of Lodz, Department of Cell Cultures and Genomic Analysis, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752, Lodz, Poland
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Wang W, Liu T, Liu Y, Yu L, Yan X, Weng W, Lu X, Zhang C. Astaxanthin attenuates alcoholic cardiomyopathy via inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated cardiac apoptosis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 412:115378. [PMID: 33352188 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic excessive ethanol consumption is associated with a high incidence of mortality due to ethanol-induced dilated cardiomyopathy, known as alcoholic cardiomyopathy (ACM). Mechanistic studies have demonstrated that apoptosis is key to the pathogenesis of ACM, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-associated apoptosis contributes to various ethanol-related diseases. Astaxanthin (AST) is a natural carotenoid that exerts an anti-ER stress effect. Importantly, strong evidence has shown that AST induces beneficial effects in various cardiovascular diseases. The present study aimed to investigate whether AST induces beneficial effects on ACM by suppressing cardiac apoptosis mediated by ER stress. We showed that after 2 months of chronic excessive ethanol consumption, mice displayed obvious cardiac dysfunction and morphological changes associated with increased fibrosis, oxidative stress, ER stress and apoptosis. However, cardiac damage above was attenuated in response to AST treatment. The cardioprotective effect of AST against ethanol toxicity was also confirmed in both H9c2 cells and primary cardiomyocytes, indicating that AST-induced protection directly targets cardiomyocytes. Both in vivo and in vitro studies showed that AST inhibited all three ER stress signaling pathways activated by ethanol. Furthermore, administration of the ER stress inhibitor sodium 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA) strongly suppressed ethanol-induced cardiomyocyte damage. Interestingly, AST induced further anti-apoptotic effects once co-treated with 4-PBA, indicating that AST protects the heart from ACM partially by attenuating ER stress, but other mechanisms still exist. This study highlights that administration of AST ablated chronic excessive ethanol consumption-induced cardiomyopathy by suppressing cardiac ER stress and subsequent apoptosis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antioxidants/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/metabolism
- Cardiomyopathy, Alcoholic/etiology
- Cardiomyopathy, Alcoholic/metabolism
- Cardiomyopathy, Alcoholic/physiopathology
- Cardiomyopathy, Alcoholic/prevention & control
- Cell Line
- Disease Models, Animal
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress/drug effects
- Ethanol
- Fibrosis
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Rats
- Signal Transduction
- Ventricular Function, Left/drug effects
- Ventricular Remodeling/drug effects
- Xanthophylls/pharmacology
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhan Wang
- Ruian Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tinghao Liu
- Ruian Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Ruian Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lechu Yu
- Ruian Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wenya Weng
- Ruian Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xuemian Lu
- Ruian Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Chi Zhang
- Ruian Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
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Pereira CPM, Souza ACR, Vasconcelos AR, Prado PS, Name JJ. Antioxidant and anti‑inflammatory mechanisms of action of astaxanthin in cardiovascular diseases (Review). Int J Mol Med 2021; 47:37-48. [PMID: 33155666 PMCID: PMC7723678 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the most common cause of mortality worldwide. Oxidative stress and inflammation are pathophysiological processes involved in the development of cardiovascular diseases; thus, anti‑inflammatory and antioxidant agents that modulate redox balance have become research targets so as to evaluate their molecular mechanisms of action and therapeutic properties. Astaxanthin, a carotenoid of the xanthophyll group, has potent antioxidant properties due to its molecular structure and its arrangement in the plasma membrane, factors that favor the neutralization of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. This carotenoid also has prominent anti‑inflammatory activity, possibly interrelated with its antioxidant effect, and is also involved in the modulation of lipid and glucose metabolism. Considering the potential beneficial effects of astaxanthin on cardiovascular health evidenced by preclinical and clinical studies, the aim of the present review was to describe the molecular and cellular mechanisms associated with the antioxidant and anti‑inflammatory properties of this carotenoid in cardiovascular diseases, particularly atherosclerosis. The beneficial properties and safety profile of astaxanthin indicate that this compound may be used for preventing progression or as an adjuvant in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrea Rodrigues Vasconcelos
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | | | - José João Name
- Kilyos Assessoria, Cursos e Palestras, São Paulo, SP 01311-100
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Inhibitory effects of astaxanthin on postovulatory porcine oocyte aging in vitro. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20217. [PMID: 33214659 PMCID: PMC7677382 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77359-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian oocytes represent impaired quality after undergoing a process of postovulatory aging, which can be alleviated through various effective ways such as reagent treatment. Accumulating evidences have revealed the beneficial effects of astaxanthin (Ax) as a potential antioxidant on reproductive biology. Here, porcine matured oocytes were used as a model to explore whether Ax supplement can protect against oocyte aging in vitro and the underlying mechanism, and therefore they were cultured with or without 2.5 μM Ax for an additional 24 h. Aged oocytes treated with Ax showed improved yield and quality of blastocysts as well as recovered expression of maternal genes. Importantly, oxidative stress in aged oocytes was relieved through Ax treatment, based on reduced reactive oxygen species and enhanced glutathione and antioxidant gene expression. Moreover, inhibition in apoptosis and autophagy of aged oocyte by Ax was confirmed through decreased caspase-3, cathepsin B and autophagic activities. Ax could also maintain spindle organization and actin expression, and rescue functional status of organelles including mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and lysosomes according to restored fluorescence intensity. In conclusion, Ax might provide an alternative for ameliorating the oocyte quality following aging in vitro, through the mechanisms mediated by its antioxidant properties.
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Zarneshan SN, Fakhri S, Farzaei MH, Khan H, Saso L. Astaxanthin targets PI3K/Akt signaling pathway toward potential therapeutic applications. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 145:111714. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Garg S, Khan SI, Malhotra RK, Sharma MK, Kumar M, Kaur P, Nag TC, RumaRay, Bhatia J, Arya DS. The molecular mechanism involved in cardioprotection by the dietary flavonoid fisetin as an agonist of PPAR-γ in a murine model of myocardial infarction. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 694:108572. [PMID: 32926843 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The methodology exploring the cardioprotective potential of the flavonoid Fisetin through its ability to modulate PPAR-γ was unraveled in the present study. Computational modelling through molecular docking based binding study of interactions between Fiestin and PPAR-γ revealed the potential role of Fisetin as an agonist of PPAR-γ. A murine model of cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury was used to explore this further. Male Wistar Rats were randomly assigned to five groups. Fisetin (20 mg/kg; p. o) was administered for 28 days. Ischemia was induced for 45 min on the 29th day followed by 60 min of reperfusion. Fisetin pretreatment upregulated the expression of PPAR-γ in heart tissue significantly Cardioprotection was assessed by measurement of hemodynamic parameters, infarct size, ELISA for oxidative stress, immunohistochemistry and TUNEL assay for apoptosis, and western blot analysis for MAPK proteins and inflammation. PPAR-γ activation by fisetin led to significantly reduced infarct size, suppression of oxidative stress, reduction of cardiac injury markers, alleviation of inflammation, and inhibition of apoptosis The MAPK-based molecular mechanism showed a rise in a key prosurvival kinase, ERK1/ERK2 and suppression of JNK and p38 proteins. The aforementioned beneficial findings of fisetin were reversed on the administration of a specific antagonist of PPAR-γ. In conclusion, through our experiments, we have proved that fisetin protects the heart against ischemia-reperfusion injury and the evident cardioprotection is PPAR-γ dependant. In conclusion, our study has revealed a prime mechanism involved in the cardioprotective effects of fisetin. Hence, Fisetin may be evaluated in further clinical studies as a cardioprotective agent in patients undergoing reperfusion interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanky Garg
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sana Irfan Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajiv Kumar Malhotra
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Manish Kumar Sharma
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Punit Kaur
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Tapas Chandra Nag
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - RumaRay
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jagriti Bhatia
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Dharamvir Singh Arya
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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Pharmacological activation of Nrf2 promotes wound healing. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 886:173395. [PMID: 32710954 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Wound repair and regeneration is a complex orchestrated process, comprising several phases interconnecting various cellular events and triggering multiple intracellular molecular pathways in damaged cells and tissues. In several metabolic disorders including diabetes mellitus, delay in wound healing due to elevated levels of cellular stress poses a key challenge. Several therapeutic wound dressing materials and strategies including hyperbaric oxygen therapy and negative pressure wound therapy have been developed to accelerate repair and restore cellular homeostasis at the wound site. Further, tremendous progress has been made in identification of transcriptional regulators involved in the process of wound healing. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a redox sensitive transcription factor, is the key regulator of intracellular redox homeostasis which induces the expression of cytoprotective genes and increases the production of antioxidants that scavenge free radicals. Activators of Nrf2 have been reported to combat oxidative stress and enhance the process of wound healing in several pathophysiological conditions, including diabetes and its complications such as diabetic foot ulcer, and chronic kidney disease, and diabetic nephropathy. Several bioactive compounds have been reported to reduce cellular stress, and thus accelerate cell proliferation, neovascularization results in repairing damaged tissues by the activation of the transcription factor, Nrf2. This review is focused on the strategies for diabetic wound healing and the highlights the role of bioactive compounds that activate the Nrf2 signaling and revitalize the cellular and molecular mechanism in the chronic wound niche, regulate and restore redox homeostasis thereby promoting wound repair and regeneration.
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Itaconate: A Metabolite Regulates Inflammation Response and Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:5404780. [PMID: 32724492 PMCID: PMC7382747 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5404780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic products can lead to crucial biological function alterations. Itaconate is probably the best example of how a metabolic process can be diverted to generate an immunomodulator effect in macrophages. Through inflammatory stimuli, such as lipopolysaccharide, the immune response gene 1 is activated and promotes the production of itaconate from the tricarboxylic acid cycle by decarboxylating cis-aconitate. Itaconate has been reported to have multiple immunoregulatory and antioxidative effects. In addition, reports have described its antibacterial and protumor effects. The involved mechanism in these effects includes the activation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 by alkylation of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1, inhibition of aerobic glycolysis by targeting glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and fructose-bisphosphate aldolase A, inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase, and blockade of IκBζ translation. All of these discoveries elucidated the transformation of the pro- into anti-inflammatory status in macrophages, which is crucial in innate immunity and set the ground for the emerging therapeutic implications of itaconate. In this review, we point out that itaconate is a novel and pivotal metabolic determinant of the immunoregulatory response in macrophages and highlight studies that have improved our understanding of the connection between the immune response and metabolism. In addition, we shed light on the therapeutic potential of itaconate and its derivatives to treat inflammatory diseases.
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Sorrenti V, Davinelli S, Scapagnini G, Willcox BJ, Allsopp RC, Willcox DC. Astaxanthin as a Putative Geroprotector: Molecular Basis and Focus on Brain Aging. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18070351. [PMID: 32635607 PMCID: PMC7401246 DOI: 10.3390/md18070351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the scientific interest in natural compounds with geroprotective activities has grown exponentially. Among the various naturally derived molecules, astaxanthin (ASX) represents a highly promising candidate geroprotector. By virtue of the central polyene chain, ASX acts as a scavenger of free radicals in the internal membrane layer and simultaneously controls oxidation on the membrane surface. Moreover, several studies have highlighted ASX’s ability to modulate numerous biological mechanisms at the cellular level, including the modulation of transcription factors and genes directly linked to longevity-related pathways. One of the main relevant evolutionarily-conserved transcription factors modulated by astaxanthin is the forkhead box O3 gene (FOXO3), which has been recognized as a critical controller of cell fate and function. Moreover, FOXO3 is one of only two genes shown to robustly affect human longevity. Due to its tropism in the brain, ASX has recently been studied as a putative neuroprotective molecule capable of delaying or preventing brain aging in different experimental models of brain damage or neurodegenerative diseases. Astaxanthin has been observed to slow down brain aging by increasing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in the brain, attenuating oxidative damage to lipids, protein, and DNA and protecting mitochondrial functions. Emerging data now suggest that ASX can modulate Nrf2, FOXO3, Sirt1, and Klotho proteins that are linked to longevity. Together, these mechanisms provide support for a role of ASX as a potential geroneuroprotector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Sorrenti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Bendessere™ Study Center, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Sergio Davinelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Via de Sanctis s.n.c, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (S.D.); (G.S.)
| | - Giovanni Scapagnini
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Via de Sanctis s.n.c, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (S.D.); (G.S.)
| | - Bradley J. Willcox
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA; (B.J.W.); (D.C.W.)
- Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA
| | - Richard C. Allsopp
- Department of Anatomy and Reproductive Biology, Institute for Biogenesis Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA;
| | - Donald C. Willcox
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA; (B.J.W.); (D.C.W.)
- Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA
- Department of Human Welfare, Okinawa International University, Ginowan 901-2701, Japan
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