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Tan JY, Yue ZC, Li ST, Pan YY, Chu ZY, Ban YH, Xu ZY. Alleviation of Salt Stress and Changes in Glycyrrhizic Acid Accumulation by Dark Septate Endophytes in Glycyrrhiza glabra Grown under Salt Stress. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:14557-14569. [PMID: 38957088 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms by which dark septate endophytes (DSE) regulate salt tolerance and the accumulation of bioactive constituents in licorice. First, the salt stress tolerance and resynthesis with the plant effect of isolated DSE from wild licorice were tested. Second, the performance of licorice inoculated with DSE, which had the best salt-tolerant and growth-promoting effects, was examined under salt stress. All isolated DSE showed salt tolerance and promoted plant growth, withCurvularia lunata D43 being the most effective. Under salt stress, C. lunata D43 could promote growth, increase antioxidant enzyme activities, enhance glycyrrhizic acid accumulation, improve key enzyme activities in the glycyrrhizic acid synthesis pathway, and induce the expression of the key enzyme gene and salt tolerance gene of licorice. The structural equation model demonstrated that DSE alleviate the negative effects of salt stress through direct and indirect pathways. Variations in key enzyme activities, gene expression, and bioactive constituent concentration can be attributed to the effects of DSE. These results contribute to revealing the value of DSE for cultivating medicinal plants in saline soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yuan Tan
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Zheng-Chu Yue
- Institute of WUT-AMU, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Su-Tong Li
- Institute of WUT-AMU, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yue-Yang Pan
- Institute of WUT-AMU, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhen-Ya Chu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yi-Hui Ban
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
- Weihai Research Institute of Wuhan University of Technology, Weihai 264300, China
| | - Zhou-Ying Xu
- Weihai Research Institute of Wuhan University of Technology, Weihai 264300, China
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
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Duan Y, Wang X, Jiao Y, Liu Y, Li Y, Song Y, Wang L, Tong X, Jiang Y, Wang S, Wang S. Elucidating the role of exogenous melatonin in mitigating alkaline stress in soybeans across different growth stages: a transcriptomic and metabolomic approach. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:380. [PMID: 38720246 PMCID: PMC11077714 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05101-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soybean (Glycine max), a vital grain and oilseed crop, serves as a primary source of plant protein and oil. Soil salinization poses a significant threat to soybean planting, highlighting the urgency to improve soybean resilience and adaptability to saline stress. Melatonin, recently identified as a key plant growth regulator, plays crucial roles in plant growth, development, and responses to environmental stress. However, the potential of melatonin to mitigate alkali stress in soybeans and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. RESULTS This study investigated the effects of exogenous melatonin on the soybean cultivar Zhonghuang 13 under alkaline stress. We employed physiological, biochemical, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses throughout both vegetative and pod-filling growth stages. Our findings demonstrate that melatonin significantly counteracts the detrimental effects of alkaline stress on soybean plants, promoting plant growth, photosynthesis, and antioxidant capacity. Transcriptomic analysis during both growth stages under alkaline stress, with and without melatonin treatment, identified 2,834 and 549 differentially expressed genes, respectively. These genes may play a vital role in regulating plant adaptation to abiotic stress. Notably, analysis of phytohormone biosynthesis pathways revealed altered expression of key genes, particularly in the ARF (auxin response factor), AUX/IAA (auxin/indole-3-acetic acid), and GH3 (Gretchen Hagen 3) families, during the early stress response. Metabolomic analysis during the pod-filling stage identified highly expressed metabolites responding to melatonin application, such as uteolin-7-O-(2''-O-rhamnosyl)rutinoside and Hederagenin-3-O-glucuronide-28-O-glucosyl(1,2)glucoside, which helped alleviate the damage caused by alkali stress. Furthermore, we identified 183 differentially expressed transcription factors, potentially playing a critical role in regulating plant adaptation to abiotic stress. Among these, the gene SoyZH13_04G073701 is particularly noteworthy as it regulates the key differentially expressed metabolite, the terpene metabolite Hederagenin-3-O-glucuronide-28-O-glucosyl(1,2)glucoside. WGCNA analysis identified this gene (SoyZH13_04G073701) as a hub gene, positively regulating the crucial differentially expressed metabolite of terpenoids, Hederagenin-3-O-glucuronide-28-O-glucosyl(1,2)glucoside. Our findings provide novel insights into how exogenous melatonin alleviates alkali stress in soybeans at different reproductive stages. CONCLUSIONS Integrating transcriptomic and metabolomic approaches, our study elucidates the mechanisms by which exogenous melatonin ameliorates the inhibitory effects of alkaline stress on soybean growth and development. This occurs through modulation of biosynthesis pathways for key compounds, including terpenes, flavonoids, and phenolics. Our findings provide initial mechanistic insights into how melatonin mitigates alkaline stress in soybeans, offering a foundation for molecular breeding strategies to enhance salt-alkali tolerance in this crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Duan
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Xianxu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Yan Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Yue Li
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Yongze Song
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Tong
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Shaodong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
| | - Sui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
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Sato R, Kondo Y, Agarie S. The first released available genome of the common ice plant ( Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.) extended the research region on salt tolerance, C 3-CAM photosynthetic conversion, and halophilism. F1000Res 2024; 12:448. [PMID: 38618020 PMCID: PMC11016173 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.129958.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The common ice plant ( Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.) is an annual herb belonging to the genus Mesembryanthemum of the family Aizoaceae, native to Southern Africa. Methods We performed shotgun genome paired-end sequencing using the Illumina platform to determine the genome sequence of the ice plants. We assembled the whole genome sequences using the genome assembler "ALGA" and "Redundans", then released them as available genomic information. Finally, we mainly estimated the potential genomic function by the homology search method. Results A draft genome was generated with a total length of 286 Mb corresponding to 79.2% of the estimated genome size (361 Mb), consisting of 49,782 contigs. It encompassed 93.49% of the genes of terrestrial higher plants, 99.5% of the ice plant transcriptome, and 100% of known DNA sequences. In addition, 110.9 Mb (38.8%) of repetitive sequences and untranslated regions, 971 tRNA, and 100 miRNA loci were identified, and their effects on stress tolerance and photosynthesis were investigated. Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on ribosomal DNA among 26 kinds of plant species revealed genetic similarity between the ice plant and poplar, which have salt tolerance. Overall, 35,702 protein-coding regions were identified in the genome, of which 56.05% to 82.59% were annotated and submitted to domain searches and gene ontology (GO) analyses, which found that eighteen GO terms stood out among five plant species. These terms were related to biological defense, growth, reproduction, transcription, post-transcription, and intermembrane transportation, regarded as one of the fundamental results of using the utilized ice plant genome. Conclusions The information that we characterized is useful for elucidation of the mechanism of growth promotion under salinity and reversible conversion of the photosynthetic type from C3 to Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoma Sato
- Graduate school of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka Nishi-ku Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yuri Kondo
- Graduate school of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka Nishi-ku Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Sakae Agarie
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka Nishi-ku Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
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Yue H, Sun S, Wang R, Ma X, Shen S, Luo Y, Ma X, Wu T, Li S, Yang Z, Gong Y. Study on the mechanism of salt relief and growth promotion of Enterobacter cloacae on cotton. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:656. [PMID: 38114925 PMCID: PMC10729352 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04641-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
AIMS In-depth studies on plant ion uptake and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) at the molecular level will help to further reveal the effects of PGPR on plants and their interaction mechanisms under salt stress. METHODS Cotton was inoculated with a PGPR-Enterobacter cloacae Rs-35, and the ion uptake capacity, membrane transporter protein activity, and expression of key genes were determined under salt stress. Changes in the endogenous hormone content of cotton were also determined. Further, the genome-wide metabolic pathway annotation of E. cloacae Rs-35 and its differential enrichment pathway analysis of multi-omics under salinity environments were performed. RESULTS In a pot experiment of saline-alkali soil, E. cloacae Rs-35-treated cotton significantly increased its uptake of K+ and Ca2+ and decreased uptake of Na+, elevated the activity of the H+-ATPase, and increased the sensitivity of the Na+/H+ reverse transporter protein on the vesicle membrane. Meanwhile, inoculation with E. cloacae Rs-35 could promote cotton to maintain the indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) content under salt stress. Genome-wide annotation showed that E. cloacae Rs-35 was respectively annotated to 31, 38, and 130 related genes in osmotic stress, phytohormone and organic acid metabolism, and ion uptake metabolic pathway. Multi-omics differences analysis showed that E. cloacae Rs-35 were enriched to tryptophan metabolism, multiple amino acid biosynthesis, carbon and glucose synthesis, and oxidative phosphorylation metabolic pathways at the transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome. CONCLUSION E. cloacae Rs-35 can promote cotton balance cell ion concentration, stabilize intracellular IAA changes, stimulate induction of systemic tolerance, and promote the growth of cotton plants under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Yue
- Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830017, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shuwen Sun
- Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830017, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- School of Future Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830017, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyun Ma
- Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830017, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiwei Shen
- Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830017, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiqian Luo
- Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830017, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830017, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Wu
- Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830017, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Li
- Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830017, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengyang Yang
- School of Future Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830017, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxi Gong
- School of Future Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830017, People's Republic of China
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Chen C, Zhao YY, Wang D, Ren YH, Liu HL, Tian Y, Geng YF, Tang YR, Chen XF. Effects of nanoscale zinc oxide treatment on growth, rhizosphere microbiota, and metabolism of Aconitum carmichaelii. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16177. [PMID: 37868063 PMCID: PMC10590109 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Trace elements play a crucial role in the growth and bioactive substance content of medicinal plants, but their utilization efficiency in soil is often low. In this study, soil and Aconitum carmichaelii samples were collected and measured from 22 different locations, followed by an analysis of the relationship between trace elements and the yield and alkaloid content of the plants. The results indicated a significant positive correlation between zinc, trace elements in the soil, and the yield and alkaloid content of A. carmichaelii. Subsequent treatment of A. carmichaelii with both bulk zinc oxide (ZnO) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) demonstrated that the use of ZnO NPs significantly enhanced plant growth and monoester-type alkaloid content. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms responsible for these effects, metabolomic analysis was performed, resulting in the identification of 38 differentially expressed metabolites in eight metabolic pathways between the two treatments. Additionally, significant differences were observed in the rhizosphere bacterial communities, with Bacteroidota and Actinobacteriota identified as valuable biomarkers for ZnO NP treatment. Covariation analysis further revealed significant correlations between specific microbial communities and metabolite expression levels. These findings provide compelling evidence that nanoscale zinc exhibits much higher utilization efficiency compared to traditional zinc fertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cun Chen
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Characteristic Horticultural Biological Resources, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu-yang Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Duo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying-hong Ren
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Characteristic Horticultural Biological Resources, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong-ling Liu
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Characteristic Horticultural Biological Resources, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Sichuan Jianengda Panxi Pharmaceutical Co. LTD, Xichang, Sichuan, China
| | - Yue-fei Geng
- Sichuan Jianengda Panxi Pharmaceutical Co. LTD, Xichang, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying-rui Tang
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Characteristic Horticultural Biological Resources, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xing-fu Chen
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Yin Y, Yang T, Li S, Li X, Wang W, Fan S. Transcriptomic analysis reveals that methyl jasmonate confers salt tolerance in alfalfa by regulating antioxidant activity and ion homeostasis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1258498. [PMID: 37780521 PMCID: PMC10536279 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1258498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Alfalfa, a globally cultivated forage crop, faces significant challenges due to its vulnerability to salt stress. Jasmonates (JAs) play a pivotal role in modulating both plant growth and response to stressors. Methods In this study, alfalfa plants were subjected to 150 mM NaCl with or without methyl jasmonate (MeJA). The physiological parameters were detected and a transcriptomic analysis was performed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying MeJA-mediated salt tolerance in alfalfa. Results Results showed that exogenous MeJA regulated alfalfa seed germination and primary root growth in a dose-dependent manner, with 5µM MeJA exerting the most efficient in enhancing salt tolerance. MeJA at this concentration elavated the salt tolerance of young alfalfa seedlings by refining plant growth, enhancing antioxidant capacity and ameliorating Na+ overaccumulation. Subsequent transcriptomic analysis identified genes differentially regulated by MeJA+NaCl treatment and NaCl alone. PageMan analysis revealed several significantly enriched categories altered by MeJA+NaCl treatment, compared with NaCl treatment alone, including genes involved in secondary metabolism, glutathione-based redox regulation, cell cycle, transcription factors (TFs), and other signal transductions (such as calcium and ROS). Further weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) uncovered that turquoise and yellow gene modules were tightly linked to antioxidant enzymes activity and ion content, respectively. Pyruvate decar-boxylase (PDC) and RNA demethylase (ALKBH10B) were identified as the most central hub genes in these two modules. Also, some TFs-hub genes were identified by WGCNA in these two modules highly positive-related to antioxidant enzymes activity and ion content. Discussion MeJA triggered a large-scale transcriptomic remodeling, which might be mediated by transcriptional regulation through TFs or post-transcriptional regulation through demethylation. Our findings contributed new perspectives for understanding the underneath mechanisms by which JA-mediated salt tolerance in alfalfa.
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Affiliation(s)
- YanLing Yin
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - TianHui Yang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
- Institute of Animal Science, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - Shuang Li
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoning Li
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - ShuGao Fan
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
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Transcriptome Reveals the Molecular Mechanism of the ScALDH21 Gene from the Desert Moss Syntrichia caninervis Conferring Resistance to Salt Stress in Cotton. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065822. [PMID: 36982895 PMCID: PMC10053822 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The desert moss Syntrichia caninervis has proven to be an excellent plant material for mining resistance genes. The aldehyde dehydrogenase 21 (ScALDH21) gene from S. caninervis has been shown to confer tolerance to salt and drought, but it is unclear how the transgene ScALDH21 regulates tolerance to abiotic stresses in cotton. In the present work, we studied the physiological and transcriptome analyses of non-transgenic (NT) and transgenic ScALDH21 cotton (L96) at 0 day, 2 days, and 5 days after salt stress. Through intergroup comparisons and a weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA), we found that there were significant differences between NT and L96 cotton in the plant hormone, Ca2+, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways as well as for photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism. Overexpression of ScALDH21 significantly increased the expression of stress-related genes in L96 compared to NT cotton under both normal growth and salt stress conditions. These data suggest that the ScALDH21 transgene can scavenge more reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vivo relative to NT cotton and improve cotton resistance to salt stress by increasing the expression of stress-responsive genes, responding quickly to stress stimuli, enhancing photosynthesis and improving carbohydrate metabolism. Therefore, ScALDH21 is a promising candidate gene to improve resistance to salt stress, and the application of this gene in cotton provides new insights into molecular plant breeding.
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Zia-Ur-Rehman M, Anayatullah S, Irfan E, Hussain SM, Rizwan M, Sohail MI, Jafir M, Ahmad T, Usman M, Alharby HF. Nanoparticles assisted regulation of oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme system in plants under salt stress: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 314:137649. [PMID: 36587917 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The global biomass production from agricultural farmlands is facing severe constraints from abiotic stresses like soil salinization. Salinity-mediated stress triggered the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that may result in oxidative burst in cell organelles and cause cell death in plants. ROS production is regulated by the redox homeostasis that helps in the readjustment of the cellular redox and energy state in plants. All these cellular redox related functions may play a decisive role in adaptation and acclimation to salinity stress in plants. The use of nanotechnology like nanoparticles (NPs) in plant physiology has become the new area of interest as they have potential to trigger the various enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant capabilities of plants under varying salinity levels. Moreover, NPs application under salinity is also being favored due to their unique characteristics compared to traditional phytohormones, amino acids, nutrients, and organic osmolytes. Therefore, this article emphasized the core response of plants to acclimate the challenges of salt stress through auxiliary functions of ROS, antioxidant defense system and redox homeostasis. Furthermore, the role of different types of NPs mediated changes in biochemical, proteomic, and genetic expressions of plants under salt stress have been discussed. This article also discussed the potential limitations of NPs adoption in crop production especially under environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zia-Ur-Rehman
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.
| | - Sidra Anayatullah
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Effa Irfan
- Institute of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Syed Makhdoom Hussain
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Irfan Sohail
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan; Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Okara, 56300, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Jafir
- Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Tanveer Ahmad
- Department of Horticulture, MNS University of Agriculture Multan, 60000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Hesham F Alharby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia; Plant Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Jia C, Guo B, Wang B, Li X, Yang T, Li N, Wang J, Yu Q. The LEA gene family in tomato and its wild relatives: genome-wide identification, structural characterization, expression profiling, and role of SlLEA6 in drought stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:596. [PMID: 36536303 PMCID: PMC9762057 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03953-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins are widely distributed in higher plants and play crucial roles in regulating plant growth and development processes and resisting abiotic stress. Cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is an important vegetable crop worldwide; however, its growth, development, yield, and quality are currently severely constrained by abiotic stressors. In contrast, wild tomato species are more tolerant to abiotic stress and can grow normally in extreme environments. The main objective of this study was to identify, characterize, and perform gene expression analysis of LEA protein families from cultivated and wild tomato species to mine candidate genes and determine their potential role in abiotic stress tolerance in tomatoes. RESULTS Total 60, 69, 65, and 60 LEA genes were identified in S. lycopersicum, Solanum pimpinellifolium, Solanum pennellii, and Solanum lycopersicoides, respectively. Characterization results showed that these genes could be divided into eight clusters, with the LEA_2 cluster having the most members. Most LEA genes had few introns and were non-randomly distributed on chromosomes; the promoter regions contained numerous cis-acting regulatory elements related to abiotic stress tolerance and phytohormone responses. Evolutionary analysis showed that LEA genes were highly conserved and that the segmental duplication event played an important role in evolution of the LEA gene family. Transcription and expression pattern analyses revealed different regulatory patterns of LEA genes between cultivated and wild tomato species under normal conditions. Certain S. lycopersicum LEA (SlLEA) genes showed similar expression patterns and played specific roles under different abiotic stress and phytohormone treatments. Gene ontology and protein interaction analyses showed that most LEA genes acted in response to abiotic stimuli and water deficit. Five SlLEA proteins were found to interact with 11 S. lycopersicum WRKY proteins involved in development or resistance to stress. Virus-induced gene silencing of SlLEA6 affected the antioxidant and reactive oxygen species defense systems, increased the degree of cellular damage, and reduced drought resistance in S. lycopersicum. CONCLUSION These findings provide comprehensive information on LEA proteins in cultivated and wild tomato species and their possible functions under different abiotic and phytohormone stresses. The study systematically broadens our current understanding of LEA proteins and candidate genes and provides a theoretical basis for future functional studies aimed at improving stress resistance in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunping Jia
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables), Urumqi, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Bin Guo
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables), Urumqi, China
- College of Computer and Information Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Baike Wang
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables), Urumqi, China
| | - Xin Li
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables), Urumqi, China
- College of Computer and Information Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables), Urumqi, China
| | - Ning Li
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables), Urumqi, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables), Urumqi, China.
| | - Qinghui Yu
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables), Urumqi, China.
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China.
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10
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Li C, Mur LA, Wang Q, Hou X, Zhao C, Chen Z, Wu J, Guo Q. ROS scavenging and ion homeostasis is required for the adaptation of halophyte Karelinia caspia to high salinity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:979956. [PMID: 36262663 PMCID: PMC9574326 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.979956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The halophyte Karelinia caspia has not only fodder and medical value but also can remediate saline-alkali soils. Our previous study showed that salt-secreting by salt glands is one of main adaptive strategies of K. caspia under high salinity. However, ROS scavenging, ion homeostasis, and photosynthetic characteristics responses to high salinity remain unclear in K. caspia. Here, physio-biochemical responses and gene expression associated with ROS scavenging and ions transport were tested in K. caspia subjected to 100-400 mM NaCl for 7 days. Results showed that both antioxidant enzymes (SOD, APX) activities and non-enzymatic antioxidants (chlorogenic acid, α-tocopherol, flavonoids, polyamines) contents were significantly enhanced, accompanied by up-regulating the related enzyme and non-enzymatic antioxidant synthesis gene (KcCu/Zn-SOD, KcAPX6, KcHCT, KcHPT1, Kcγ-TMT, KcF3H, KcSAMS and KcSMS) expression with increasing concentrations of NaCl. These responses are beneficial for removing excess ROS to maintain a stable level of H2O2 and O2 - without lipid peroxidation in the K. caspia response to high salt. Meanwhile, up-regulating expression of KcSOS1/2/3, KcNHX1, and KcAVP was linked to Na+ compartmentalization into vacuoles or excretion through salt glands in K. caspia. Notably, salt can improve the function of PSII that facilitate net photosynthetic rates, which is helpful to growing normally in high saline. Overall, the findings suggested that ROS scavenging systems and Na+/K+ transport synergistically contributed to redox equilibrium, ion homeostasis, and the enhancement of PSII function, thereby conferring high salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Li
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Luis A.J. Mur
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
- College of Software, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Qinghai Wang
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xincun Hou
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunqiao Zhao
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhimin Chen
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Juying Wu
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
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11
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Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Dof Transcription Factors in Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.). PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11152057. [PMID: 35956535 PMCID: PMC9370771 DOI: 10.3390/plants11152057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) is a traditional Chinese aquatic flower with high ornamental and economic value, but water salinity seriously affects lotus cultivation and distribution. The Dof transcription factors (TFs) play a crucial function in the regulatory network of growth and defense in plants. However, no systematic investigations of the Dof TFs in lotus have been performed. In this study, comprehensive searches of the lotus genome yielded 29 potential NnDofs. We carried out a series of standardized analyses, which include physical properties, multiple sequence alignment, phylogenetic analysis, gene structure, motif composition, cis-acting element prediction, chromosome distribution, and synteny analysis. The results showed that segment duplication probably caused the NnDofs gene family expansion. The potential functions of NnDofs in lotus development and stress conditions are speculated by promoter analysis. Furthermore, a complete expression investigation of NnDofs utilizing an RNA-seq atlas and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed. The majority of the NnDofs exhibit tissue-specific expression patterns, and many genes have been identified as being extremely sensitive to salt stressors. Overall, this study is the first to report a genome-wide assessment of the Dof family in lotus, and the findings offer vital insights for prospective functional studies on lotus salinity stress.
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12
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Wang N, Lin Y, Qi F, Xiaoyang C, Peng Z, Yu Y, Liu Y, Zhang J, Qi X, Deyholos M, Zhang J. Comprehensive Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes and Epigenetic Modification-Related Expression Variation Induced by Saline Stress at Seedling Stage in Fiber and Oil Flax, Linum usitatissimum L. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2053. [PMID: 35956530 PMCID: PMC9370232 DOI: 10.3390/plants11152053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The ability of different germplasm to adapt to a saline-alkali environment is critical to learning about the tolerance mechanism of saline-alkali stress in plants. Flax is an important oil and fiber crop in many countries. However, its molecular tolerance mechanism under saline stress is still not clear. In this study, we studied morphological, physiological characteristics, and gene expression variation in the root and leaf in oil and fiber flax types under saline stress, respectively. Abundant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) induced by saline stress, tissue/organ specificity, and different genotypes involved in plant hormones synthesis and metabolism and transcription factors and epigenetic modifications were detected. The present report provides useful information about the mechanism of flax response to saline stress and could lead to the future elucidation of the specific functions of these genes and help to breed suitable flax varieties for saline/alkaline soil conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Wang
- Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 131018, China
| | - Yujie Lin
- Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 131018, China
| | - Fan Qi
- Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 131018, China
| | - Chunxiao Xiaoyang
- Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 131018, China
| | - Zhanwu Peng
- Information Center, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Ying Yu
- School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yingnan Liu
- Institute of Natural Resource and Ecology, Heilongjiang Academy of Science, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 131018, China
| | - Xin Qi
- Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 131018, China
| | - Michael Deyholos
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Jian Zhang
- Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 131018, China
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
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13
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Han F, Sun M, He W, Guo S, Feng J, Wang H, Yang Q, Pan H, Lou Y, Zhuge Y. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Molecular Mechanisms under Salt Stress in Leaves of Foxtail Millet ( Setaria italica L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1864. [PMID: 35890498 PMCID: PMC9323065 DOI: 10.3390/plants11141864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) is an important cereal for managing future water scarcity and ensuring food security, due to its strong drought and salt stress resistance owing to its developed root system. However, the molecular responses of foxtail millet leaves to salt stress are largely unknown. In this study, seeds of 104 foxtail millet accessions were subjected to 0.17 mol·L-1 NaCl stress during germination, and various germination-related parameters were analyzed to derive 5 salt-sensitive accessions and 13 salt-tolerant accessions. Hong Gu 2000 and Pu Huang Yu were the most salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive accessions, respectively. To determine the mechanism of the salt stress response, transcriptomic differences between the control and salt-treated groups were investigated. We obtained 2019 and 736 differentially expressed genes under salt stress in the salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant accessions, respectively. The transcription factor families bHLH, WRKY, AP2/ERF, and MYB-MYC were found to play critical roles in foxtail millet's response to salt stress. Additionally, the down-regulation of ribosomal protein-related genes causes stunted growth in the salt-sensitive accessions. The salt-tolerant accession alleviates salt stress by increasing energy production. Our findings provide novel insights into the molecular mechanism of foxtail millet's response to salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Han
- National Engineering Research Center for the Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (F.H.); (M.S.); (W.H.); (J.F.); (H.W.); (Q.Y.); (H.P.)
| | - Mingjie Sun
- National Engineering Research Center for the Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (F.H.); (M.S.); (W.H.); (J.F.); (H.W.); (Q.Y.); (H.P.)
| | - Wei He
- National Engineering Research Center for the Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (F.H.); (M.S.); (W.H.); (J.F.); (H.W.); (Q.Y.); (H.P.)
| | - Shuqing Guo
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China;
| | - Jingyi Feng
- National Engineering Research Center for the Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (F.H.); (M.S.); (W.H.); (J.F.); (H.W.); (Q.Y.); (H.P.)
| | - Hui Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for the Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (F.H.); (M.S.); (W.H.); (J.F.); (H.W.); (Q.Y.); (H.P.)
| | - Quangang Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for the Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (F.H.); (M.S.); (W.H.); (J.F.); (H.W.); (Q.Y.); (H.P.)
| | - Hong Pan
- National Engineering Research Center for the Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (F.H.); (M.S.); (W.H.); (J.F.); (H.W.); (Q.Y.); (H.P.)
| | - Yanhong Lou
- National Engineering Research Center for the Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (F.H.); (M.S.); (W.H.); (J.F.); (H.W.); (Q.Y.); (H.P.)
| | - Yuping Zhuge
- National Engineering Research Center for the Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (F.H.); (M.S.); (W.H.); (J.F.); (H.W.); (Q.Y.); (H.P.)
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14
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Liu J, Yang R, Liang Y, Wang Y, Li X. The DREB A-5 Transcription Factor ScDREB5 From Syntrichia caninervis Enhanced Salt Tolerance by Regulating Jasmonic Acid Biosynthesis in Transgenic Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:857396. [PMID: 35463447 PMCID: PMC9019590 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.857396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is a major limiting factor in crop productivity. Dehydration-responsive element-binding protein (DREB) transcription factors have been widely identified in a variety of plants and play important roles in plant stress responses. Studies on DREBs have primarily focused on the A-1 and A-2 DREB groups, while few have focused on the A-5 group. In this study, we concentrated on ScDREB5, an A-5b type DREB gene from the desiccation-tolerant moss Syntrichia caninervis. ScDREB5 is a transcription factor localized to the nucleus that exhibits transactivation activity in yeast. Ectopic ScDREB5 expression in Arabidopsis thaliana increased seed germination and improved seedling tolerance under salt stress. ScDREB5-overexpression transgenic Arabidopsis lines showed lower methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents, but higher peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities compared to wild plants. Moreover, the transcriptional levels of stress marker genes, including RD29B, COR47, LEA6, LEA7, ERD1, P5CS1, and salt overly sensitive (SOS) genes (SOS1, SOS2, and SOS3), were upregulated in the transgenic lines when subjected to salt treatment. Transcriptome and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analyses indicated that transgenic lines were accompanied by an increased expression of jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis genes, as well as a higher JA content under salt stress. Our results suggest that ScDREB5 could improve salt tolerance by enhancing the scavenging abilities of reactive oxygen species (ROS), increasing JA content by upregulating JA synthesis gene expression, regulating ion homeostasis by up-regulating stress-related genes, osmotic adjustment, and protein protection, making ScDREB5 a promising candidate gene for crop salt stress breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyuan Liu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Ruirui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqing Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
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15
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Habila S, Khunpolwattana N, Chantarachot T, Buaboocha T, Comai L, Chadchawan S, Pongpanich M. Salt stress responses and SNP-based phylogenetic analysis of Thai rice cultivars. THE PLANT GENOME 2022; 15:e20189. [PMID: 34994516 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Genetic diversity is important for developing salt-tolerant rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars. Certain Thai rice accessions display salt tolerance at the adult or reproductive stage, but their response to salinity at the seedling stage is unknown. In this study, a total of 10 rice cultivars/line, including eight Thai cultivars and standard salt-tolerant cultivar and susceptible line, were screened using a hydroponic system to identify salt-tolerant genotypes at the seedling stage. Different morphophysiological indicators were used to classify tolerant and susceptible genotypes. Phylogenetic analyses were performed to determine the evolutionary relationships between the cultivars. Results showed that 'Lai Mahk', 'Jao Khao', 'Luang Pratahn', and 'Ma Gawk' exhibited salt stress tolerance comparable with the standard salt-tolerance check 'Pokkali'. Whole-exome single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based phylogenetic analysis showed that the Thai rice cultivars were monophyletic and distantly related to Pokkali and IR29. Lai Mahk and Luang Pratahn were found closely related when using the whole-exome SNPs for the analysis. This is also the case for the analysis of SNPs from 164 salt-tolerance genes and transcription regulatory genes. The tolerant cultivars shared the same haplotype for 16 genes. Overall, the findings of this study identified four salt-stress-tolerant Thai rice cultivars, which could be used in rice breeding programs for salinity tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susinya Habila
- Center of Excellence in Environment and Plant Physiology, Dep. of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn Univ., Pathum Wan District, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Dep. of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Science, Univ. of Jos, Jos Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - Nopphakhun Khunpolwattana
- Center of Excellence in Environment and Plant Physiology, Dep. of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn Univ., Pathum Wan District, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Thanin Chantarachot
- Center of Excellence in Environment and Plant Physiology, Dep. of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn Univ., Pathum Wan District, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Teerapong Buaboocha
- Molecular Crop Research Unit, Dep. of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn Univ., Pathum Wan District, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Omics Sciences Center, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn Univ., Pathum Wan District, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Luca Comai
- Genome Center and Dep. of Plant Biology, UC Davis Genome Center, Univ. of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Supachitra Chadchawan
- Center of Excellence in Environment and Plant Physiology, Dep. of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn Univ., Pathum Wan District, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Omics Sciences Center, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn Univ., Pathum Wan District, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Monnat Pongpanich
- Omics Sciences Center, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn Univ., Pathum Wan District, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Dep. of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty Science, Chulalongkorn Univ., Pathum Wan District, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
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16
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Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Two Sweet Sorghum Genotypes with Different Salt Tolerance Abilities to Reveal the Mechanism of Salt Tolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042272. [PMID: 35216389 PMCID: PMC8877675 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sweet sorghum is a C4 crop that can be grown for silage forage, fiber, syrup and fuel production. It is generally considered a salt-tolerant plant. However, the salt tolerance ability varies among genotypes, and the mechanism is not well known. To further uncover the salt tolerance mechanism, we performed comparative transcriptome analysis with RNA samples in two sweet sorghum genotypes showing different salt tolerance abilities (salt-tolerant line RIO and salt-sensitive line SN005) upon salt treatment. These response processes mainly focused on secondary metabolism, hormone signaling and stress response. The expression pattern cluster analysis showed that RIO-specific response genes were significantly enriched in the categories related to secondary metabolic pathways. GO enrichment analysis indicated that RIO responded earlier than SN005 in the 2 h after treatment. In addition, we identified more transcription factors (TFs) in RIO than SN005 that were specifically expressed differently in the first 2 h of salt treatment, and the pattern of TF change was obviously different. These results indicate that an early response in secondary metabolism might be essential for salt tolerance in sweet sorghum. In conclusion, we found that an early response, especially in secondary metabolism and hormone signaling, might be essential for salt tolerance in sweet sorghum.
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17
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Prasad G, Mittal S, Kumar A, Chauhan D, Sahu TK, Kumar S, Singh R, Yadav MC, Singh AK. Transcriptome Analysis of Bread Wheat Genotype KRL3-4 Provides a New Insight Into Regulatory Mechanisms Associated With Sodicity (High pH) Tolerance. Front Genet 2022; 12:782366. [PMID: 35222517 PMCID: PMC8864244 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.782366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, sodicity is one of the major abiotic stresses limiting the wheat productivity in arid and semi-arid regions. With due consideration, an investigation of the complex gene network associated with sodicity stress tolerance is required to identify transcriptional changes in plants during abiotic stress conditions. For this purpose, we sequenced the flag leaf transcriptome of a highly tolerant bread wheat germplasm (KRL 3-4) in order to extend our knowledge and better understanding of the molecular basis of sodicity tolerance. A total of 1,980 genes were differentially expressed in the flag leaf due to sodicity stress. Among these genes, 872 DEGs were upregulated and 1,108 were downregulated. Furthermore, annotation of DEGs revealed that a total of 1,384 genes were assigned to 2,267 GO terms corresponding to 502 (biological process), 638 (cellular component), and 1,127 (molecular function). GO annotation also revealed the involvement of genes related to several transcription factors; the important ones are expansins, peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, and metal ion transporters in response to sodicity. Additionally, from 127 KEGG pathways, only 40 were confidently enriched at a p-value <0.05 covering the five main KEGG categories of metabolism, i.e., environmental information processing, genetic information processing, organismal systems, and cellular processes. Most enriched pathways were prioritized using MapMan software and revealed that lipid metabolism, nutrient uptake, and protein homeostasis were paramount. We have also found 39 SNPs that mapped to the important sodicity stress-responsive genes associated with various pathways such as ROS scavenging, serine/threonine protein kinase, calcium signaling, and metal ion transporters. In a nutshell, only 19 important candidate genes contributing to sodicity tolerance in bread wheat were identified, and these genes might be helpful for better understanding and further improvement of sodicity tolerance in bread wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geeta Prasad
- Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR-NBPGR, New Delhi, India
| | - Shikha Mittal
- Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR-NBPGR, New Delhi, India
| | - Arvind Kumar
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Divya Chauhan
- Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR-NBPGR, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Sundeep Kumar
- Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR-NBPGR, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Singh
- Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR-NBPGR, New Delhi, India
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18
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Bundó M, Martín-Cardoso H, Pesenti M, Gómez-Ariza J, Castillo L, Frouin J, Serrat X, Nogués S, Courtois B, Grenier C, Sacchi GA, San Segundo B. Integrative Approach for Precise Genotyping and Transcriptomics of Salt Tolerant Introgression Rice Lines. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:797141. [PMID: 35126422 PMCID: PMC8813771 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.797141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Rice is the most salt sensitive cereal crop and its cultivation is particularly threatened by salt stress, which is currently worsened due to climate change. This study reports the development of salt tolerant introgression lines (ILs) derived from crosses between the salt tolerant indica rice variety FL478, which harbors the Saltol quantitative trait loci (QTL), and the salt-sensitive japonica elite cultivar OLESA. Genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) and Kompetitive allele specific PCR (KASPar) genotyping, in combination with step-wise phenotypic selection in hydroponic culture, were used for the identification of salt-tolerant ILs. Transcriptome-based genotyping allowed the fine mapping of indica genetic introgressions in the best performing IL (IL22). A total of 1,595 genes were identified in indica regions of IL22, which mainly located in large introgressions at Chromosomes 1 and 3. In addition to OsHKT1;5, an important number of genes were identified in the introgressed indica segments of IL22 whose expression was confirmed [e.g., genes involved in ion transport, callose synthesis, transcriptional regulation of gene expression, hormone signaling and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation]. These genes might well contribute to salt stress tolerance in IL22 plants. Furthermore, comparative transcript profiling revealed that indica introgressions caused important alterations in the background gene expression of IL22 plants (japonica cultivar) compared with its salt-sensitive parent, both under non-stress and salt-stress conditions. In response to salt treatment, only 8.6% of the salt-responsive genes were found to be commonly up- or down-regulated in IL22 and OLESA plants, supporting massive transcriptional reprogramming of gene expression caused by indica introgressions into the recipient genome. Interactions among indica and japonica genes might provide novel regulatory networks contributing to salt stress tolerance in introgression rice lines. Collectively, this study illustrates the usefulness of transcriptomics in the characterization of new rice lines obtained in breeding programs in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Bundó
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Bellaterra, Spain
| | | | - Michele Pesenti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences – Production, Landscape, Agroenergy – DiSAA, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Jorge Gómez-Ariza
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Laia Castillo
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Julien Frouin
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Montpellier, France
- AGAP, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Xavier Serrat
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Secció de Fisiologia Vegetal, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Salvador Nogués
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Secció de Fisiologia Vegetal, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Brigitte Courtois
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Montpellier, France
- AGAP, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Cécile Grenier
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Montpellier, France
- AGAP, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Gian Attilio Sacchi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences – Production, Landscape, Agroenergy – DiSAA, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Blanca San Segundo
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Bellaterra, Spain
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Barcelona, Spain
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19
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Aazami MA, Rasouli F, Ebrahimzadeh A. Oxidative damage, antioxidant mechanism and gene expression in tomato responding to salinity stress under in vitro conditions and application of iron and zinc oxide nanoparticles on callus induction and plant regeneration. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:597. [PMID: 34915853 PMCID: PMC8675469 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03379-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salinity is one of the most challenging abiotic stresses restricting the growth of plants. In vitro screening will increase the efficiency and speed of salinity tolerant genotypes identifications. The response of four tomato cultivars under salinity was analyzed in vitro to evaluate the seedlings growth, biochemical, and gene expression responses as well as the effect of nano zinc and iron on callus induction and plant regeneration. RESULTS The results showed that an increase in salinity stress in the medium decreased the germination percentage, fresh and dry weight of shoot, root length, chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids content, K and Ca content, and on the other hand, Na content was increased. MDA content ('Nora', 'PS-10', 'Peto' and 'Roma': 1.71, 1.78, 1.66 and 2.16 folds, respectively), electrolyte leakage ('PS-10': 33.33%; 'Roma': 56.33%), were increased with salinity of 100 mM compared to control. Proline content was increased in 50 mM NaCl (10.8 fold). The most activity of antioxidant enzymes including CAT, SOD, APX, GPX, and GR was observed in the 'PS-10' cultivar, and the lowest activity of these enzymes was observed in 'Roma' under salinity stress. The AsA and GSH were decreased and DHA and GSSG were increased with the increased intensity of salinity. The relative expression of SOD, APX, and GR genes varied in different cultivars at different salinity concentrations. The most percentage of callus induction was observed with applying iron oxide nanoparticles, and the most regeneration rate was recorded using zinc oxide nanoparticles. CONCLUSION The results showed that salt-tolerant cultivars such as 'PS-10' with better osmotic adjustment, are suitable candidates for the future production and breeding programs. The use of nutrient nanoparticles under salinity stress for different tomato cultivars increased their performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Aazami
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran.
| | - Farzad Rasouli
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Asghar Ebrahimzadeh
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
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20
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Choudhary P, Pramitha L, Rana S, Verma S, Aggarwal PR, Muthamilarasan M. Hormonal crosstalk in regulating salinity stress tolerance in graminaceous crops. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:1587-1596. [PMID: 34537966 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity is one of the major threats that pose challenges to global cereal productivity and food security. Cereals have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to circumvent stress at morpho-physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels. Salt stress cues are perceived by the roots, which trigger the underlying signaling pathways that involve phytohormones. Each phytohormone triggers a specific signaling pathway integrated in a complex manner to produce antagonistic, synergistic, and additive responses. Phytohormones induce salt-responsive signaling pathways to modulate various physiological and anatomical mechanisms, including cell wall repair, apoplastic pH regulation, ion homeostasis, root hair formation, chlorophyll content, and leaf morphology. Exogenous applications of phytohormones moderate the adverse effects of salinity and improve growth. Understanding the complex hormonal crosstalk in cereals under salt stress will advance the knowledge about cooperation or antagonistic mechanisms among hormones and their role in developing salt-tolerant cereals to enhance the productivity of saline agricultural land. In this context, the present review focuses on the mechanisms of hormonal crosstalk that mediate the salt stress response and adaptation in graminaceous crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Choudhary
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Lydia Pramitha
- School of Agriculture and Biosciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sumi Rana
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Shubham Verma
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Pooja Rani Aggarwal
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Mehanathan Muthamilarasan
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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21
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Chirinos-Arias MC, Spampinato CP. Role of the mismatch repair protein MSH7 in Arabidopsis adaptation to acute salt stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 169:280-290. [PMID: 34823145 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
DNA mismatch repair (MMR) is a highly conserved pathway in evolution responsible for maintaining genomic stability. MMR is initiated when MutS proteins recognize and repair single base-base mismatches and small loops of unpaired nucleotides as well as certain types of DNA damage. Arabidopsis thaliana and other plants contain MutS protein homologs (MSH) found in other eukaryotic organisms and a unique MSH7 polypeptide. In this study, we first evaluated transient expression profiles of ten-days old pAtMSH7:GUS transgenic seedlings at different recovery times after an acute treatment for 48 hs with100 mM NaCl. GUS histochemical staining indicated that MSH7 expression is repressed by salt exposure but recovers progressively. Then, ten-days old mutants harboring two independent msh7 alleles were exposed for 48 hs with100 mM NaCl and different traits were measured over recovery time. Salt treated msh7 seedlings were defective in G2/M arrest. As a result, msh7 seedlings showed a reduced salt inhibitory effect as evidenced by a decreased reduction of rosette and leaf areas, stomatal density, total leaf number, silique length and seed number per silique. These findings suggest that disruption of MSH7 activity could be a promising approach for plant adaptive responses to salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle C Chirinos-Arias
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Claudia P Spampinato
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina.
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22
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Bomle DV, Kiran A, Kumar JK, Nagaraj LS, Pradeep CK, Ansari MA, Alghamdi S, Kabrah A, Assaggaf H, Dablool AS, Murali M, Amruthesh KN, Udayashankar AC, Niranjana SR. Plants Saline Environment in Perception with Rhizosphere Bacteria Containing 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate Deaminase. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111461. [PMID: 34768893 PMCID: PMC8584133 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil salinity stress has become a serious roadblock for food production worldwide since it is one of the key factors affecting agricultural productivity. Salinity and drought are predicted to cause considerable loss of crops. To deal with this difficult situation, a variety of strategies have been developed, including plant breeding, plant genetic engineering, and a wide range of agricultural practices, including the use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and seed biopriming techniques, to improve the plants' defenses against salinity stress, resulting in higher crop yields to meet future human food demand. In the present review, we updated and discussed the negative effects of salinity stress on plant morphological parameters and physio-biochemical attributes via various mechanisms and the beneficial roles of PGPR with 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate(ACC) deaminase activity as green bio-inoculants in reducing the impact of saline conditions. Furthermore, the applications of ACC deaminase-producing PGPR as a beneficial tool in seed biopriming techniques are updated and explored. This strategy shows promise in boosting quick seed germination, seedling vigor and plant growth uniformity. In addition, the contentious findings of the variation of antioxidants and osmolytes in ACC deaminase-producing PGPR treated plants are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanashree Vijayrao Bomle
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India; (D.V.B.); (A.K.); (J.K.K.); (L.S.N.); (C.K.P.)
| | - Asha Kiran
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India; (D.V.B.); (A.K.); (J.K.K.); (L.S.N.); (C.K.P.)
| | - Jeevitha Kodihalli Kumar
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India; (D.V.B.); (A.K.); (J.K.K.); (L.S.N.); (C.K.P.)
| | - Lavanya Senapathyhalli Nagaraj
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India; (D.V.B.); (A.K.); (J.K.K.); (L.S.N.); (C.K.P.)
| | - Chamanahalli Kyathegowda Pradeep
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India; (D.V.B.); (A.K.); (J.K.K.); (L.S.N.); (C.K.P.)
| | - Mohammad Azam Ansari
- Department of Epidemic Disease Research, Institutes for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (M.A.A.); (A.C.U.); (S.R.N.)
| | - Saad Alghamdi
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah P.O. Box 715, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (A.K.); (H.A.)
| | - Ahmed Kabrah
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah P.O. Box 715, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (A.K.); (H.A.)
| | - Hamza Assaggaf
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah P.O. Box 715, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (A.K.); (H.A.)
| | - Anas S. Dablool
- Department of Public Health, Health Science College Al-Leith, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21961, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mahadevamurthy Murali
- Applied Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India; (M.M.); (K.N.A.)
| | - Kestur Nagaraj Amruthesh
- Applied Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India; (M.M.); (K.N.A.)
| | - Arakere Chunchegowda Udayashankar
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India; (D.V.B.); (A.K.); (J.K.K.); (L.S.N.); (C.K.P.)
- Correspondence: (M.A.A.); (A.C.U.); (S.R.N.)
| | - Siddapura Ramachandrappa Niranjana
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India; (D.V.B.); (A.K.); (J.K.K.); (L.S.N.); (C.K.P.)
- Correspondence: (M.A.A.); (A.C.U.); (S.R.N.)
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Al-Zahrani HS, Alharby HF, Hakeem KR, Rehman RU. Exogenous Application of Zinc to Mitigate the Salt Stress in Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek-Evaluation of Physiological and Biochemical Processes. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1005. [PMID: 34069971 PMCID: PMC8157868 DOI: 10.3390/plants10051005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress adversely affects the growth and productivity of crops. However, reports suggest that the application of various micronutrients could help the plant to cope with this stress. Hence, the objective of the study was to examine the effect of exogenous application of Zinc (Zn) on salt tolerance in Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek (mungbean). Mungbean is considered to be an economically important crop and possess a strategic position in Southeast Asian countries for sustainable crop production. It is rich in quality proteins, minerals and vitamins. Three weeks old grown seedlings were subjected to NaCl (150 mM and 200 mM) alone or with Zn (250 µM). After 21 days of treatment, plants were harvested for investigating morphological, physiological and biochemical changes. We found that the Zn application mitigates the negative effect upon plant growth to a variable extent. This may be attributed to the increased shoot and root length, improved chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, enhanced total soluble sugar (TSS), total soluble protein (TSP) and proline accumulation, decreased H2O2 content and increased enzymatic antioxidant activities. Zn's application improved the performance of the enzymes such as phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and tyrosine ammonia-lyase (TAL) of the secondary metabolism, which resulted in the improvement of total phenol and flavonoids. The antioxidant activities such as 1,1diphenyl 2-picryl hydrazine (DPPH) and ferrous reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP) of the plants also showed improved results in their salt only treatments. Furthermore, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide radical (SOD) scavenging activity were also improved upon the application of 250 µM zinc. Thus, Zn application in low doses offers promising potential for recovering plants suffering from salinity stress. In conclusion, we assume that zinc application improved salt tolerance in mungbean through the improvement of various physiological and photochemical processes which could prove to be useful in nutrient mediated management for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan S. Al-Zahrani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (H.S.A.-Z.); (H.F.A.)
| | - Hesham F. Alharby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (H.S.A.-Z.); (H.F.A.)
| | - Khalid Rehman Hakeem
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (H.S.A.-Z.); (H.F.A.)
| | - Reiaz Ul Rehman
- Department of Bioresources, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, India;
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24
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Fang S, Hou X, Liang X. Response Mechanisms of Plants Under Saline-Alkali Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:667458. [PMID: 34149764 PMCID: PMC8213028 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.667458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
As two coexisting abiotic stresses, salt stress and alkali stress have severely restricted the development of global agriculture. Clarifying the plant resistance mechanism and determining how to improve plant tolerance to salt stress and alkali stress have been popular research topics. At present, most related studies have focused mainly on salt stress, and salt-alkali mixed stress studies are relatively scarce. However, in nature, high concentrations of salt and high pH often occur simultaneously, and their synergistic effects can be more harmful to plant growth and development than the effects of either stress alone. Therefore, it is of great practical importance for the sustainable development of agriculture to study plant resistance mechanisms under saline-alkali mixed stress, screen new saline-alkali stress tolerance genes, and explore new plant salt-alkali tolerance strategies. Herein, we summarized how plants actively respond to saline-alkali stress through morphological adaptation, physiological adaptation and molecular regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumei Fang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- *Correspondence: Shumei Fang,
| | - Xue Hou
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Xilong Liang
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- Heilongjiang Plant Growth Regulator Engineering Technology Research Center, Daqing, China
- Xilong Liang,
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