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Bonilla-Barrera CH, Bea Berges L, Seco-Calvo J. [Malnutrition and obesity in self-sufficient elderly and health determinants related to both nutritional disorders]. Aten Primaria 2024; 57:103078. [PMID: 39288540 PMCID: PMC11422051 DOI: 10.1016/j.aprim.2024.103078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluate the nutritional status in older adults in the community, to determine malnutrition, obesity and their risks and to identify determinants related to both clinical situations. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SITE: 3 Primary care health centers in La Rioja in urban, semiurban and rural areas. PARTICIPANTS 409 people ≥ 65 years old who came to receive consultation, with 3 abandonments. INTERVENTIONS Nutritional assessment by tools screening and anthropometric measurements. MAIN MEASUREMENT The MNA SF® was used to determine the prevalence of malnutrition and the BMI for obesity. Sociodemographic, socioeconomic, health-disease variables, lifestyle habits, metabolic status, and anthropometric measurements were included. Binary logistic regression was performed to predict dichotomous dependent variables. RESULTS The prevalence of malnutrition and its risk (DR) were 18.7% and obesity and its risk were 66,5%. The multivariate model for malnutrition and DR includes polypharmacy, dyslipidemia, sedentary lifestyle, and having mental pathology (OR=3.09, 2.01, 2.12, 1.72, respectively). On the other hand, the probability of presenting obesity is associated with cardiovascular risk, age, excessive-moderate alcohol consumption, hypertension and low adherence to the Mediterranean diet (OR=2.73, 4.27, 2.03, 1.97, 1.81 respectively). CONCLUSION This results stand out that the study population has a poor nutritional status, detecting a risk of malnutrition, obesity and overweight. The identified predictors related to lifestyle habits, presence of diseases, psychosocial problems, metabolic alterations, etc. They can guide the selection of those people who would benefit from screening to detect and approach the risk of malnutrition early.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Bea Berges
- Gerencia de Atención Primaria, Servicio Riojano de Salud, La Rioja, España
| | - Jesús Seco-Calvo
- Departamento de Enfermería y Fisioterapia, Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, León, España; Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad del País Vasco, Vizcaya, España
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Guarnido-Rueda A, Amate-Fortes I, Oliver-Márquez FJ, Martínez-Navarro D. Income or educational attainment: which is more effective in the fight against overweight? Evidence from Spain and Andalusia. J Biosoc Sci 2024; 56:270-291. [PMID: 38044837 DOI: 10.1017/s0021932023000263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Considered the epidemic of the 21st century by the WHO, obesity is a global problem that is on the rise and will continue to increase in the coming years. Spain and Andalusia, in particular, are no exception to this pathology, which has tripled since the 1970s, representing a public health challenge. The aim of this study is to analyse the socioeconomic determinants of this pathology, with special emphasis on answering the question of what has a greater influence on overweight, education level, or income. For this purpose, we have used the European Survey of Health in Spain (ESHS-2020), a microdata base, with a total of 22,072 valid individual observations (of which 2,820 belong to the Andalusian population). Results we obtain in our estimations of qualitative response models reveal that, although both income and educational attainment could be effective in the fight against overweight, the social gradient of this health problem is greater with respect to educational attainment. Additionally, there are many other variables and other factors related to the individual's overweight (mental health, subjective state of health, oral health, among others) which are much less explored and which must be considered in health policies to combat this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almudena Guarnido-Rueda
- Department of Economics and Business, University of Almeria, Carretera de Sacramento, s/n, 04120, Almeria, Spain
| | - Ignacio Amate-Fortes
- Department of Economics and Business, University of Almeria, Carretera de Sacramento, s/n, 04120, Almeria, Spain
| | - Francisco J Oliver-Márquez
- Department of Economics and Business, University of Almeria, Carretera de Sacramento, s/n, 04120, Almeria, Spain
| | - Diego Martínez-Navarro
- Department of Economics and Business, University of Almeria, Carretera de Sacramento, s/n, 04120, Almeria, Spain
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Mozo-Alonso F, Novalbos-Ruiz JP, Duran-Alonso JC, Rodríguez-Martin A. Nutritional Status of Non-Institutionalized Adults Aged over 65. Study of Weight and Health in Older Adults (PYSMA). Nutrients 2021; 13:1561. [PMID: 34066337 PMCID: PMC8148168 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A significant increase in the prevalence of malnourishment, obesity, and sarcopenic obesity has been observed in developed countries over the last few decades. In Spain, this especially happens in populations over 65 who are not institutionalized. Differences in lifestyle, medication, and economic capacity partially explain this increase. OBJECTIVE To study the nutritional status of a population of 65 year-olds and subjects who are not institutionalized, in the Cádiz region (Spain). METHODS Observational, transversal study carried out on 2621 subjects who are 65 years old and over, with a direct weight and height measurement, in 150 pharmacy offices from 44 locations. A mobile application was designed for homogeneous data collection in all the pharmacy offices. The data required from all subjects was gender, age, postal code, social security contribution regime, if the patient lives alone, type of food consumed as the main meals, level of physical activity, polypharmacy, weight, and height. RESULTS The prevalence of overweight and obesity amounts to 82.2% of the population (43.2% overweight and 39% obese). We found an inverse relationship between the prevalence of overweight and obesity with carrying out physical activity and having full dinners. CONCLUSION We identify the need to reinforce the messages to the elderly aimed at maintaining adequate physical activity and assessing the quality and quantity of dinners, as well as reducing, as much as possible, the treatments that may lead to weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Mozo-Alonso
- Colegio Oficial Farmacéuticos de Cádiz, Calle Isabel la Católica, 22. Cádiz, 11004 Cádiz, Spain;
| | | | - Juan C. Duran-Alonso
- Hospital Juan Grande, Glorieta Félix Rdguez, de la Fuente, Jerez de la Frontera, 11408 Cádiz, Spain;
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Pérez-Rodrigo C, Gianzo Citores M, Hervás Bárbara G, Aranceta-Bartrina J. Prevalence of obesity and abdominal obesity in Spanish population aged 65 years and over: ENPE study. Med Clin (Barc) 2021; 158:49-57. [PMID: 33509603 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2020.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES To assess the prevalence of obesity and abdominal obesity (AO) in the Spanish population aged ≥65 years, to analyse the influence of selected sociodemographic factors and association with risk factors. METHODS The sample comes from the ENPE study, a cross-sectional study of a representative sample of the non-institutionalized population (2014-2015). This analysis refers to the population ≥65 years (n=1,233). Trained observers performed anthropometric measurements at participants' homes following standard international protocols. Obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥30; AO waist>102cm men; >88cm women. RESULTS Estimated prevalence of obesity in adults ≥65 years was high, higher in women (40.1% [95% CI 36.4-43.8]) than in men (32.5% [95% CI 28.5-36.8]). The prevalence of AO was also higher in women (69.9% [95% CI 66.4-73.1]) than in men (40.7% [95% CI 36.5-44.8]), and estimates were even higher when defining AO by waist-hip ratio or waist-height ratio. Of those classified as AO, 39.8% have a BMI between 25-29. Obesity and AO are higher in the South region compared to East, North-East and Central regions and showed inverse association with educational level. Obesity and AO were associated with increased probability of hypercholesterolaemia and high blood pressure, sarcopenic obesity, and diabetes. CONCLUSION The prevalence of obesity and AO in adults aged ≥65 years is high, higher in women, in people of lower educational level and in the South region compared to East, North-East and Central regions. The high prevalence of OA is especially worrying due to its association with cardiovascular and metabolic complications and poorer quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Pérez-Rodrigo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, España; Sociedad Española de Nutrición Comunitaria (SENC)
| | | | | | - Javier Aranceta-Bartrina
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, España; Sociedad Española de Nutrición Comunitaria (SENC); Departamento de Ciencias de la Alimentación y Fisiología, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, España; Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, España; CIBEROBN, Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España.
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5
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Cinza-Sanjurjo S, Micó-Pérez RM, Velilla-Zancada S, Prieto-Díaz MA, Rodríguez-Roca GC, Barquilla García A, Polo García J, Martín Sánchez V, Llisterri Caro JL. [Factors associated with cardiovascular risk and cardiovascular and renal disease in the IBERICAN study: Final results]. Semergen 2020; 46:368-378. [PMID: 32873502 DOI: 10.1016/j.semerg.2020.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyse the prevalence in clinical practice of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) and cardiovascular disease (CVD), as well as their causal relationship, in the study inclusion visit. MATERIAL AND METHODS Cross-sectional analysis of the study inclusion visit of 8,066 patients of 18 to 85years of age included in the IBERICAN study. By reviewing the medical history, analytics and medical visits, the patient's physician has collected socio-demographic information, personal and family history and prevalence of CVRF and CVD and renal disease. A multivariate analysis was carried out using a logistic regression that included the autonomous region variable as a random effect variable, in order to analyse the impact of certain variables on the development of each CVRF, metabolic syndrome, subclinical organ damage, renal disease, and CVD. RESULTS Dyslipidaemia was 2.4 times more frequent in diabetics, and the risk was increased by 59% in hypertensive patients. Arterial hypertension was twice as frequent in diabetics, and increased 94% in hyperuricaemic patients and 62.1% in dyslipidaemia patients. Diabetes mellitus was 2.5 times higher in dyslipidaemia patients, and 2.2 times higher in hypertensive patients. CVD was four times more frequent in patients with a family history, and the risk in women was increased by 90.8% and by 53.8% in patients with renal disease. CONCLUSIONS The Spanish population seen in Primary Care that were analysed in the IBERICAN study had a high prevalence of CVRF and CVD, which gives it a high CVR. The multivariate analysis performed shows a close causal relationship between the CVRF with each other, and with renal disease and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cinza-Sanjurjo
- Centro de Salud de Porto do Son, AS Santiago de Compostela, Porto do Son, A Coruña, España
| | - R M Micó-Pérez
- Centro de Salud de Fontanars dels Alforins, EAP Ontinyent, Fontanars dels Alforins, Valencia, España
| | | | | | - G C Rodríguez-Roca
- Centro de Salud de Puebla de Montalbán, La Puebla de Montalbán, Toledo, España
| | | | - J Polo García
- Centro de Salud Casar de Cáceres, Casar de Cáceres, Cáceres, España
| | - V Martín Sánchez
- Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), León, España
| | - J L Llisterri Caro
- Fundación Sociedad Española de Médicos de Atención Primaria, Semergen, Madrid, España
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Prevalencia de obesidad y comorbilidad cardiovascular asociada en los pacientes incluidos en el estudio IBERICAN (Identificación de la poBlación Española de RIesgo CArdiovascular y reNal). Semergen 2019; 45:311-322. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semerg.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Lozano M, Ramada JM, Peiró J, Frígola A, Esteve MJ. Dietary Assesment of Free-Living Elderly Spanish People with Disabilities. Ecol Food Nutr 2017; 56:277-296. [PMID: 28548585 DOI: 10.1080/03670244.2017.1323742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Nutritional research in elderly disabled is difficult in noninstitutionalized people. The dietary intake of a noninstitutionalized disabled population of the eastern region of Spain was evaluated to detect possible nutritional deviations. A total of 329 participants aged 65 and over were recruited. Most participants were overweight. Carbohydrates did not reach 50% of total Kcal/day. Insufficient micronutrient intakes and high consumption of simple carbohydrates and saturated fats (SFA) were found. A decreasing trend of water intake (p < .05) as well as an increasing trend of alcohol consumption (p < .05) with increasing age was found. The area of residence had a relevant impact on nutritional, dietary, and anthropometric characteristics of our population.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lozano
- a Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Sciences, Toxicology, and Legal Medicine , University of Valencia , Burjassot , Spain
| | - J M Ramada
- b Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM) , Barcelona , Spain.,c CIBER de Epidemiologìa y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) , Madrid , Spain
| | - J Peiró
- d Department of Statistics and Operations Research , University of Valencia , Burjassot , Spain
| | - A Frígola
- a Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Sciences, Toxicology, and Legal Medicine , University of Valencia , Burjassot , Spain
| | - M J Esteve
- a Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Sciences, Toxicology, and Legal Medicine , University of Valencia , Burjassot , Spain
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AcÍN-GÁNdara DÉB, Pereira-PÉRez F, Medina-GarcÍA M, Rodriguez-Caravaca G, MartÍNez-Torres B, Antequera-PÉRez A, García-Muñoz ANÁJ. Early and Late Complications in Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass: Comparative Study between Manual and Stapled Anastomosis. Am Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/000313481708300520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the early and late complications of laparoscopic gastric bypass (GBP) with manual versus stapled gastrojejunal anastomosis. Eighty-two patients with morbid obesity and body mass index (35–56 kg/m2) who underwent GBP were divided into two groups: manual gastrojejunal anastomosis (Group 1) and stapled anastomosis (Group 2). Early and late complications were evaluated. No differences were found between both groups in age, sex, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesia classification, and comorbidity. The mean operative time was 184.8 minutes [standard deviation (SD) = 61]; 203.5 minutes (SD = 51.9) in Group 1 and 167.4 minutes (SD = 64.2) in Group 2 (P = 0.001). The average length of stay was 5.9 days (SD = 3.9) in Group 1 and 5 days (SD = 2.1) in Group 2 (P = 0.039). Early complications were recorded in 9.7 per cent of the cases, without any differences between the two groups: 12.2 per cent in Group 1 and 7.3 per cent in Group 2 (P > 0.05). Late complication rate was 8.5 per cent, significantly higher in Group 1 (14.6%) than in Group 2 (2.4%; P < 0.05). However, in the logistic regression analysis these differences were not statistically significant (OR 0.48; 95% CI 0.03–8.37; P = 0.61). In our series, the GBP with stapled gastrojejunal anastomosis has shown lower hospital length of stay and operative time than the hand-sewn anastomosis. We have not found significant differences between both groups in early complications or in the need for reoperation. Fewer late complications were found in the group of stapled anastomosis; however, this has not been confirmed in the logistic regression analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- DÉBora AcÍN-GÁNdara
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada, Madrid, Spain and
| | - Fernando Pereira-PÉRez
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada, Madrid, Spain and
| | - Manuel Medina-GarcÍA
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada, Madrid, Spain and
| | | | - Beatriz MartÍNez-Torres
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada, Madrid, Spain and
| | - Alfonso Antequera-PÉRez
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada, Madrid, Spain and
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Suárez-Gómez A, Sánchez-Vega J, Suárez-González F, Peral-Pacheco D, Dorado-Martin JJ, Suárez-Gómez M. [Nutritional status of the population over 65 years of age in the city of Badajoz]. Semergen 2016; 43:80-84. [PMID: 27156230 DOI: 10.1016/j.semerg.2016.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nutritional status is strongly associated with the level of health and quality of life of the population, and is especially relevant in the case of the elderly. OBJECTIVE The aim was to study the nutritional status in a population of non-institutionalised over 65 year-olds in the city of Badajoz, describing the sociodemographic variables, biochemical parameters, and functional assessment. MATERIAL AND METHODS A descriptive study was performed using a design population, which was randomised and stratified in health centres of the city, with a sample size of 298 patients being obtained. The sociodemographic variables included gender, age, educational level, anthropometric analysis with estimated body mass index, and percentage fat weight. Statistical tests were performed using SPSS v.15 statistical package. RESULTS The prevalence of overweight and obesity as measured by fat weight was 61.9% (56.1-67.8), with a body mass index of 65.8% (60.2-71.4). It was higher in women, with a fat weight of 67.3% (2.56 to 2.73) and a body mass index of 71.8% (2.64 to 2.78). The nutritional status of the population according to the questionnaire "Know your nutritional health" was rated "good". CONCLUSION The most common nutritional problem in the non-institutionalised population over 65 years in the city of Badajoz is obesity, especially in women, and in people with low educational level. This high prevalence suggests that health education on a better lifestyle in this population should be a priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Suárez-Gómez
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina de Badajoz, Badajoz, España.
| | | | - F Suárez-González
- Centro de Salud San Roque, Badajoz, España; Cátedra de Medicina de Familia SEMERGEN-Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, España
| | - D Peral-Pacheco
- Departamento de Terapéutica Médico Quirúrgica, Facultad de Medicina, Badajoz, España
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Garcia-Pinillos F, Cozar-Barba M, Munoz-Jimenez M, Soto-Hermoso V, Latorre-Roman P. Gait speed in older people: an easy test for detecting cognitive impairment, functional independence, and health state. Psychogeriatrics 2016; 16:165-71. [PMID: 26114989 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With ageing, physical and cognitive functions become impaired. Analyzing and determining the association between both functions can facilitate the prevention and diagnosis of associated problems. Some previous works have proposed batteries of physical performance tests to determine both physical and cognitive functions. However, only a few studies have used the gait speed (GS) test as a tool to evaluate parameters representative of health in the elderly such as functionality, mobility, independence, autonomy, and comorbidity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the association between physical and cognitive functions in older people (over 65 years old) and to detect the most appropriate physical test to assess cognitive impairment, functional independence, comorbidity, and perceived health in this population. METHODS One hundred six older adults (38 men, 68 women) participated voluntarily in this cross-sectional study. To assess the physical function handgrip strength, GS, 30-s chair stand tests, and body composition analysis were performed. To evaluate cognitive function, the Mini-Mental State Examination, Barthel index, and Charlson index were employed. No significant differences (P ≥ 0.05) between sexes were found. RESULTS Multiple regression analysis of the Mini-Mental State Examination and physical fitness variables, adjusted for age and sex, indicates that GS is a predictor of Mini-Mental State Examination score (R(2) = 0.138). CONCLUSION The results showed that GS is an important predictor of functional capacity (physical and cognitive function) in adults over 65 years old.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Victor Soto-Hermoso
- Department of Physical and Sport Education, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Ortiz H, Galán I, Zorrilla B, Martínez-Cortés M. [Factors associated with overweight, general obesity and abdominal obesity in the Madrid Community's adult population. Study PREDIMERC]. Med Clin (Barc) 2014; 143:560-2. [PMID: 24286812 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2013.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Honorato Ortiz
- Servicio de Epidemiología, Dirección General de Atención Primaria, Consejería de Sanidad, Madrid, España.
| | - Iñaki Galán
- Centro Nacional de Epidemiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España
| | - Belén Zorrilla
- Servicio de Epidemiología, Dirección General de Atención Primaria, Consejería de Sanidad, Madrid, España
| | - Mercedes Martínez-Cortés
- Servicio de Prevención y Sanidad Ambiental, Instituto de Salud Pública, Madrid-Salud, Ayuntamiento de Madrid, Madrid, España
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12
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Félix-Redondo FJ, Grau M, Baena-Díez JM, Dégano IR, de León AC, Guembe MJ, Alzamora MT, Vega-Alonso T, Robles NR, Ortiz H, Rigo F, Mayoral-Sanchez E, Tormo MJ, Segura-Fragoso A, Fernández-Bergés D. Prevalence of obesity and associated cardiovascular risk: the DARIOS study. BMC Public Health 2013; 13:542. [PMID: 23738609 PMCID: PMC3695785 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the Spanish population as measured with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist to height ratio (WHtR) and to determine the associated cardiovascular risk factors. Methods Pooled analysis with individual data from 11 studies conducted in the first decade of the 21st century. Participants aged 35–74 years were asked about the history of cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, diabetes and hypercholesterolemia. Height, weight, WC, blood pressure, glycaemia, total cholesterol, low-density and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and coronary risk were measured. The prevalence of overweight (BMI 25–29.9 kg/m2), general obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2), suboptimal WC (≥ 80 cm and < 88 in women, ≥ 94 and < 102 in men), abdominal obesity (WC ≥88 cm ≥102 cm in women and men, respectively) and WHtR ≥0.5 was estimated, standardized for the European population. Results We included 28,743 individuals. The prevalence of overweight and suboptimal WC was 51% and 30% in men and 36% and 22% in women, respectively; general obesity was 28% in both sexes and abdominal obesity 36% in men and 55% in women. The prevalence of WHtR ≥0.5 was 89% and 77% in men and women, respectively. All cardiovascular risk factors were significantly associated with abnormal increased values of BMI, WC and WHtR. Hypertension showed the strongest association with overweight [OR = 1.99 (95% confidence interval 1.81-2.21) and OR = 2.10 (1.91-2.31)]; suboptimal WC [OR = 1.78 (1.60-1.97) and OR = 1.45 (1.26-1.66)], with general obesity [OR = 4.50 (4.02-5.04), and OR = 5.20 (4.70-5.75)] and with WHtR ≥0.5 [OR = 2.94 (2.52-3.43), and OR = 3.02 (2.66-3.42)] in men and women respectively, besides abdominal obesity in men only [OR = 3.51 (3.18-3.88)]. Diabetes showed the strongest association with abdominal obesity in women [OR = 3,86 (3,09-4,89). Conclusions The prevalence of obesity in Spain was high. Overweight, suboptimal WC, general, abdominal obesity and WHtR ≥0.5 was significantly associated with diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and coronary risk. The use of lower cut-off points for both BMI and particularly WC and could help to better identify the population at risk and therefore achieve more effective preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María Grau
- Grupo de Epidemiología y Genética Cardiovascular, Programa de Investigación en Procesos Inflamatorios y Cardiovasculares, IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques), Barcelona, Spain.
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Obesity and overweight prevalence and its association with undiagnosed hypertension in Shanghai population, China: a cross-sectional population-based survey. Front Med 2012; 6:322-8. [PMID: 22843305 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-012-0204-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of overweight and obese subjects in the Shanghai population of China and its association with undiagnosed hypertension, by taking age, gender and place of residence (urban or suburban) into account. A cross-sectional population-based survey was conducted in 2007. The sample included 13,359 participants aged 15-69 years.Weight, height, and blood pressure were recorded, and information about gender, age and place of residence was obtained. Overweight and obesity prevalence were calculated by the body mass index (BMI) definition recommended by Working Group on Obesity in China (normal weight, 18.5-23.9 kg/m(2); overweight, 24-27.9 kg/m(2); obesity, ≥ 28 kg/m(2)). Undiagnosed hypertension was defined by China criteria in accord with that of WHO-ISH (subjects with systolic pressure ≥ 140 mmHg, and/or diastolic pressure ≥ 90 mmHg). Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association of overweight or obesity with undiagnosed hypertension by adjusting for age, gender and place of residence. The overall overweight, obesity, and undiagnosed hypertension prevalence were 27.6% (95% CI: 26.8-28.4), 6.6% (95% CI: 6.2-7.0), and 15.5% (95% CI: 14.9-16.1), respectively. Compared to normal weight subjects, the odds ratios (OR) for subjects who were overweight and had hypertension was 2.33 (95% CI: 2.10-2.59); that for obesity and hypertension was 4.27 (95% CI: 3.66-4.99). These data suggest that overweight and obesity prevalence and their association with undiagnosed hypertension are high in our study population.
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Orozco-Beltran D, Cooper RS, Gil-Guillen V, Bertomeu-Martinez V, Pita-Fernandez S, Durazo-Arvizu R, Carratala-Munuera C, Cea-Calvo L, Bertomeu-Gonzalez V, Seoane-Pillado T, Rosado LE. Trends in mortality from myocardial infarction. A comparative study between Spain and the United States: 1990-2006. Rev Esp Cardiol 2012; 65:1079-85. [PMID: 22727798 DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2012.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Mortality from myocardial infarction is declining in high income countries, but the magnitude of this decline could differ between countries. We sought to compare the mortality trends from myocardial infarction between Spain and the United States. METHODS This was an observational retrospective study. Crude data were obtained from public databases. Standardized mortality rates were calculated for the last 17 years available for both countries (1990 to 2006), and stratified by age and sex. Joinpoint regression analysis was used for the trends analysis and projections. RESULTS There has been a steady decline in mortality from myocardial infarction in both countries from 1990 to 2006. However, the magnitude of this decline was greater in the United States (relative reductions in men: 42.7% [Spain] and 59.7% [United States], and in women: 40% [Spain] and 57.4% [United States]). The estimated annual percentages of decline in mortality were greater in the United States (men: -10.7%, women: -5.1%) than in Spain (men: -1.9%, women: -5.1%). Projections for 2012 suggest that the mortality from myocardial infarction will be lower in men in the United States (53.33/100,000) than in Spain (81.52/100,000), while for women it will be equal (32.56/100,000 in the United States and 33.56/100,000 in Spain). CONCLUSIONS The decline in mortality from myocardial infarction has been more pronounced in the United States than in Spain, and projections for upcoming years suggest in the United States it will evolve to rates below those expected in Spain for men and equal rates for women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domingo Orozco-Beltran
- Medicina de Familia, Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, España
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Gutiérrez-Fisac JL, Guallar-Castillón P, León-Muñoz LM, Graciani A, Banegas JR, Rodríguez-Artalejo F. Prevalence of general and abdominal obesity in the adult population of Spain, 2008-2010: the ENRICA study. Obes Rev 2012; 13:388-92. [PMID: 22151906 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-789x.2011.00964.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This is the first study to report the prevalence of general obesity and abdominal obesity (AO) in the adult population of Spain based on measurements of weight, height and waist circumference. The data are taken from the ENRICA study, a cross-sectional study carried out between June 2008 and October 2010 in 12,883 individuals representative of the non-institutionalized population on Spain aged 18 years and older. Anthropometry was performed under standardized conditions in the households by trained interviewers. Overweight was considered as body mass index (BMI) 25-29.9 kg m(-2) , and obesity as BMI ≥ 30 kg m(-2) . AO was defined as waist circumference >102 cm in men and >88 cm in women. The prevalence of obesity was 22.9% (24.4% in men and 21.4% in women). About 36% of adults had AO (32% of men and 39% of women). The frequency of obesity and of AO increased with age and affected, respectively, 35 and 62% of persons aged 65 and over. The frequency of obesity and AO decreased with increasing educational level. For example, 29% of women with primary education or less had obesity vs. only 11% of those with university studies. The prevalence of obesity was very high in the Canary Islands and in the south of Spain.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Gutiérrez-Fisac
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/IdiPaz, CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), C/ Arzobispo Morcillo 2,Madrid, Spain.
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Gil Montalbán E, Zorrilla Torras B, Ortiz Marrón H, Martínez Cortés M, Donoso Navarro E, Nogales Aguado P, de la Calle Blasco H, Medrano Albero MJ, Cuadrado Gamarra I. Prevalencia de diabetes mellitus y factores de riesgo cardiovascular en la población adulta de la Comunidad de Madrid: estudio PREDIMERC. GACETA SANITARIA 2010; 24:233-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2010.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2009] [Revised: 12/21/2009] [Accepted: 01/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Obesidad, actividad física y riesgo cardiovascular: clasificación ergoantropométrica, variables farmacológicas, biomarcadores y «paradoja del obeso». Med Clin (Barc) 2010; 134:492-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2009.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2009] [Accepted: 01/12/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Hernández-Mijares A, Solá-Izquierdo E, Ballester-Mechó F, Marí-Herrero MT, Gilabert-Molés JV, Gimeno-Clemente N, Morales-Suárez-Varela M. Obesity and overweight prevalences in rural and urban populations in East Spain and its association with undiagnosed hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus: a cross-sectional population-based survey. BMC Res Notes 2009; 2:151. [PMID: 19635126 PMCID: PMC2726152 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-2-151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2009] [Accepted: 07/27/2009] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background An increase in the number of overweight and obese subjects in the general population has been observed. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of overweight and obese subjects in the general population and its association with undiagnosed pathologies, such as diabetes mellitus [DM] and hypertension [HT], by taking age, gender and place of residence [rural or urban] into account. Findings A cross-sectional population-based survey was conducted in Castellón, East Spain in 2005–2006. The sample included 2,062 participants aged 18–94 years. Weight, height, blood pressure and glycaemia values were recorded, and information about gender, age and place of residence was obtained. Overweight, obesity, and undiagnosed HT and DM prevalences were calculated. Multiple regression analyses were done to assess the association of overweight/obesity with undiagnosed HT and DM by adjusting for age, gender and place of residence. The overall overweight, obesity, and undiagnosed HT and DM prevalences were 39.9% [95% CI:37.3–42.0], 25.9% [95% CI:24.0–27.9], 9.0% [95% CI:7.8–10.4] and 12.6% [95% CI:11.2–14.1], respectively. We identified various independent risk factors; those relating to overweight were increasing age, male gender and rural residential area, while that relating to obesity was increasing age. Compared to normal weight adults, the Relative Prevalence Ratio (RPR) for subjects who were overweight and had HT was 2.00 [95% CI:1.21–3.32]; that for obesity and HT was 1.91 [95% CI:1.48–2.46], and it was 1.50 [95% CI:1.25–1.81] for obesity and DM. Conclusion Overweight and obesity prevalences, and their association with undiagnosed DM and HT, are high in our study population.
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Navarro Rodríguez MC, Saavedra Santana P, de Pablos Velasco P, Sablón González N, de Miguel Ruiz E, Castro Medina R, Sosa Henríquez M. [Lifestyle, socioeconomic status and morbidity in postmenopausal women with grade II and III obesity]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 56:227-32. [PMID: 19627743 DOI: 10.1016/s1575-0922(09)71405-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2009] [Accepted: 05/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity has become a major public health problem in all western countries, and its prevalence is increasing. This condition is associated with a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and coronary heart disease; furthermore, obesity is a risk factor for mortality. OBJECTIVE To study the association of some prevalent diseases (diabetes mellitus, thyroid disease, obesity, hypertension, inflammatory rheumatic disease, urolithiasis), the distribution of some lifestyle factors (tobacco, alcohol and caffeine consumption and physical activity during leisure time) and the prevalence of poverty in a population of postmenopausal women in the Canary Islands with obesity class II or III (BMI>35). METHOD A personal interview was performed in all patients. A questionnaire was administered to assess their lifestyles and current medication use. The women's medical records were reviewed to confirm the existence of certain diseases. A complete physical examination was performed in all patients. Weight and height were measured with the patient dressed in light clothing. Blood samples were obtained with the patient in a fasting state for subsequent analysis. Poverty was defined according to the criteria of the Spanish National Institute of Statistics. RESULTS Women with obesity class II or III were older (56.8+/-11 vs 53.9+/-11.6 years, p=0.02), shorter (153.7+/-6.3 vs 156.9+/-36.1 cm, p=0.001), heavier (89.6+/-9.3 vs 66.6+/-10.4 kg, p=0.001) and had a greater body surface than controls (1.73+/-0.13 vs 1.54+/-0.13 m2, p=0.001). Alcohol and tobacco consumption were lower in obese women than in controls. Obese women drank more coffee and took less physical activity during leisure time than controls. The prevalence of hypertension -36% vs 17.9%, p=0.001, odds ratio [OR] [95% confidence interval (IC)]=2.57 (1.56-4.24)-, diabetes mellitus -24.4% vs 11.3%, p=0.001, OR=2.52 (1.47-1.05)-and hypothyroidism -14.3% vs 8%, p=0.04; OR=1.91 (0.99-3.68)-was higher in obese women than in controls. More than half lived in rural areas and were below the poverty threshold. CONCLUSIONS More than half of postmenopausal women with obesity class II or III were below the poverty threshold and lived in a rural area. In these women there was a lower consumption of alcohol and tobacco, lesser physical activity during leisure time, and a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension and hypothyroidism than in control postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Carmen Navarro Rodríguez
- Grupo de trabajo de promoción y educación para la Salud, Departamento de Matemáticas, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, and Unidad Metabólica Osea, Hospital Universitario Insular, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
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