1
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Duranti E, Villa C. Insights into Dysregulated Neurological Biomarkers in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2680. [PMID: 39123408 PMCID: PMC11312413 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16152680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The link between neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) and cancer has generated greater interest in biomedical research, with decades of global studies investigating neurodegenerative biomarkers in cancer to better understand possible connections. Tau, amyloid-β, α-synuclein, SOD1, TDP-43, and other proteins associated with nervous system diseases have also been identified in various types of solid and malignant tumors, suggesting a potential overlap in pathological processes. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of current evidence on the role of these proteins in cancer, specifically examining their effects on cell proliferation, apoptosis, chemoresistance, and tumor progression. Additionally, we discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic implications of this interconnection, emphasizing the importance of further research to completely comprehend the clinical implications of these proteins in tumors. Finally, we explore the challenges and opportunities in targeting these proteins for the development of new targeted anticancer therapies, providing insight into how to integrate knowledge of NDs in oncology research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chiara Villa
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy;
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2
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Miligy IM, Badr N, Stevens A, Spooner D, Awasthi R, Mir Y, Khurana A, Sharma V, Chandaran U, Rakha EA, Maurice Y, Kearns D, Oweis R, Asar A, Ironside A, Shaaban AM. Pathological Changes Following Neoadjuvant Endocrine Therapy (NAET): A Multicentre Study of 391 Breast Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7381. [PMID: 39000487 PMCID: PMC11242101 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer (BC) is generally well responsive to endocrine therapy. Neoadjuvant endocrine therapy (NAET) is increasingly being used for downstaging ER-positive tumours. This study aims to analyse the effect of NAET on a well-characterised cohort of ER-positive BC with particular emphasis on receptor expression. This is a retrospective United Kingdom (UK) multicentre study of 391 patients who received NAET between October 2012 and October 2020. Detailed analyses of the paired pre- and post-NAET morphological changes and hormone receptor (HR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression were performed. The median duration of NAET was 86 days, with median survival and overall survival rates of 380 days and 93.4%, respectively. A total of 90.3% of cases achieved a pathological partial response, with a significantly higher rate of response in the HER2-low cancers. Following NAET, BC displayed some pathological changes involving the tumour stroma including central scarring and an increase in tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and tumour cell morphology. Significant changes associated with the duration of NAET were observed in tumour grade (30.6% of cases), with downgrading identified in 19.3% of tumours (p < 0.001). The conversion of ER status from positive to low or negative was insignificant. The conversion of progesterone receptor (PR) and HER2 status to negative status was observed in 31.3% and 38.1% of cases, respectively (p < 0.001). HER2-low breast cancer decreased from 63% to 37% following NAET in the paired samples. Significant morphological and biomarker changes involving PR and HER2 expression occurred following NAET. The findings support biomarker testing on pre-treatment core biopsies and post-treatment residual carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam M. Miligy
- Cellular Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK; (I.M.M.); (R.A.); (D.K.)
- Histopathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 11352, Egypt;
| | - Nahla Badr
- Histopathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 11352, Egypt;
| | - Andrea Stevens
- Oncology Department, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK; (A.S.); (D.S.)
| | - David Spooner
- Oncology Department, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK; (A.S.); (D.S.)
| | - Rachna Awasthi
- Cellular Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK; (I.M.M.); (R.A.); (D.K.)
| | - Yasmeen Mir
- Pathology, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool L7 8XP, UK; (Y.M.); (A.K.); (V.S.)
| | - Anuj Khurana
- Pathology, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool L7 8XP, UK; (Y.M.); (A.K.); (V.S.)
| | - Vijay Sharma
- Pathology, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool L7 8XP, UK; (Y.M.); (A.K.); (V.S.)
| | - Usha Chandaran
- Histopathology Department, Salford Royal Hospital, Salford M6 8HD, UK;
| | - Emad A. Rakha
- Histopathology Department, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK;
| | - Yasmine Maurice
- Histopathology Department, Heartlands General Hospital, Birmingham B9 5SS, UK;
| | - Daniel Kearns
- Cellular Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK; (I.M.M.); (R.A.); (D.K.)
| | - Rami Oweis
- Histopathology Department, Rotherham Foundation Trust, Rotherham S60 2UD, UK; (R.O.); (A.A.)
| | - Amal Asar
- Histopathology Department, Rotherham Foundation Trust, Rotherham S60 2UD, UK; (R.O.); (A.A.)
| | | | - Abeer M. Shaaban
- Cellular Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK; (I.M.M.); (R.A.); (D.K.)
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2SY, UK
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Yadav M, Vaishkiar I, Sharma A, Shukla A, Mohan A, Girdhar M, Kumar A, Malik T, Mohan A. Oestrogen receptor positive breast cancer and its embedded mechanism: breast cancer resistance to conventional drugs and related therapies, a review. Open Biol 2024; 14:230272. [PMID: 38889771 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.230272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Traditional medication and alternative therapies have long been used to treat breast cancer. One of the main problems with current treatments is that there is an increase in drug resistance in the cancer cells owing to genetic differences such as mutational changes, epigenetic changes and miRNA (microRNA) alterations such as miR-1246, miR-298, miR-27b and miR-33a, along with epigenetic modifications, such as Histone3 acetylation and CCCTC-Binding Factor (CTCF) hypermethylation for drug resistance in breast cancer cell lines. Certain forms of conventional drug resistance have been linked to genetic changes in genes such as ABCB1, AKT, S100A8/A9, TAGLN2 and NPM. This review aims to explore the current approaches to counter breast cancer, the action mechanism, along with novel therapeutic methods endowing potential drug resistance. The investigation of novel therapeutic approaches sheds light on the phenomenon of drug resistance including genetic variations that impact distinct forms of oestrogen receptor (ER) cancer, genetic changes, epigenetics-reported resistance and their identification in patients. Long-term effective therapy for breast cancer includes selective oestrogen receptor modulators, selective oestrogen receptor degraders and genetic variations, such as mutations in nuclear genes, epigenetic modifications and miRNA alterations in target proteins. Novel research addressing combinational therapies including maytansine, photodynamic therapy, guajadiol, talazoparib, COX2 inhibitors and miRNA 1246 inhibitors have been developed to improve patient survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manu Yadav
- Division of Genetics, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute , Pusa, New Delhi, India
| | - Ishita Vaishkiar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology (AIB) University, Amity University Noida , Noida, India
| | - Ananya Sharma
- Department: Botany and Microbiology, Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University , Srinagar, India
| | - Akanksha Shukla
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University , Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Aradhana Mohan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Madhuri Girdhar
- Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University , Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology , New Delhi, India
| | - Tabarak Malik
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University , Jimma, Oromia 378, Ethiopia
| | - Anand Mohan
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University , Phagwara, Punjab, India
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4
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Nicolini A, Rossi G, Ferrari P. Experimental and clinical evidence in favour of an effective immune stimulation in ER-positive, endocrine-dependent metastatic breast cancer. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1225175. [PMID: 38332913 PMCID: PMC10850262 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1225175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
In ER+ breast cancer, usually seen as the low immunogenic type, the main mechanisms favouring the immune response or tumour growth and immune evasion in the tumour microenvironment (TME) have been examined. The principal implications of targeting the oestrogen-mediated pathways were also considered. Recent experimental findings point out that anti-oestrogens contribute to the reversion of the immunosuppressive TME. Moreover, some preliminary clinical data with the hormone-immunotherapy association in a metastatic setting support the notion that the reversion of immune suppression in TME is likely favoured by the G0-G1 state induced by anti-oestrogens. Following immune stimulation, the reverted immune suppression allows the boosting of the effector cells of the innate and adaptive immune response. This suggests that ER+ breast cancer is a molecular subtype where a successful active immune manipulation can be attained. If this is confirmed by a prospective multicentre trial, which is expected in light of the provided evidence, the proposed hormone immunotherapy can also be tested in the adjuvant setting. Furthermore, the different rationale suggests a synergistic activity of our proposed immunotherapy with the currently recommended regimen consisting of antioestrogens combined with cyclin kinase inhibitors. Overall, this lays the foundation for a shift in clinical practice within this most prevalent molecular subtype of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Nicolini
- Department of Oncology, Transplantations and New Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rossi
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council and Gabriele Monasterio Foundation, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Ferrari
- Department of Oncology, Transplantations and New Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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5
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Liang Y, Liu X, Yun Z, Li K, Li H. Endocrine therapy plus HER2-targeted therapy, another favorable option for HR+/HER2+ advanced breast cancer patients. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2024; 16:17588359231220501. [PMID: 38188468 PMCID: PMC10771751 DOI: 10.1177/17588359231220501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Advanced breast cancer (ABC) that is positive for hormone receptors (HRs) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a cancer subtype with distinctive characteristics. The primary treatment guidelines suggest that a combination therapy comprising anti-HER2 therapy and chemotherapy should be administered as the initial treatment for HR-positive/ HER2-positive (HR+/HER2+) ABC. However, crosstalk between the HR and HER2 pathways can partially account for the resistance of HR+/HER2+ disease to HER2-targeted therapy. This, in turn, provides a rationale for the concomitant administration of HER2-targeted therapy and endocrine therapy (ET). Many clinical studies have confirmed that the combination of HER2-targeted therapy and ET as a first-line treatment is not inferior to the combination of HER2-targeted therapy and chemotherapy, and support its use as a first-line treatment choice for HR+/HER2+ ABC. Other drugs, such as antibody-drug conjugates, cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-protein kinase B (AKT)-mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors, and programmed cell death protein 1 or programmed cell death ligand 1 inhibitors, may also improve the prognosis of patients with breast cancer by blocking signaling pathways associated with tumor proliferation and break new ground for the treatment of HR+/HER2+ ABC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehua Liang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Breast Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Breast Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Zehui Yun
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Breast Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Breast Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Huiping Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Breast Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
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6
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Zagami P, Trapani D, Nicolò E, Corti C, Valenza C, Criscitiello C, Curigliano G, Carey LA. Cardiotoxicity of Agents Used in Patients With Breast Cancer. JCO Oncol Pract 2024; 20:38-46. [PMID: 37983586 PMCID: PMC10827297 DOI: 10.1200/op.23.00494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer and cardiovascular diseases are the two major causes of mortality, morbidity, and disability worldwide. The improvement in effective therapeutic options for the management of breast cancer (BC) has led to an increased number of BC survivors, who can experience long-term toxicities from cancer treatments. Adverse events including cardiovascular toxicities must be considered in light of effectiveness of recently approved drugs for BC treatment, including elacestrant, tucatinib, neratinib, olaparib, the immune checkpoint inhibitors, trastuzumab deruxtecan, or sacituzumab govitecan. Many cancer drugs affect the cardiovascular system with a range of clinical manifestations. Prompt diagnosis and treatment as well as a multidisciplinary approach involving a cardio-oncologist is optimal for management of these cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Zagami
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Dario Trapani
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Nicolò
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Corti
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Carmine Valenza
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Carmen Criscitiello
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Curigliano
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Lisa Anne Carey
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
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7
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Stossi F, Rivera Tostado A, Johnson HL, Mistry RM, Mancini MG, Mancini MA. Gene transcription regulation by ER at the single cell and allele level. Steroids 2023; 200:109313. [PMID: 37758052 PMCID: PMC10842394 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2023.109313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
In this short review we discuss the current view of how the estrogen receptor (ER), a pivotal member of the nuclear receptor superfamily of transcription factors, regulates gene transcription at the single cell and allele level, focusing on in vitro cell line models. We discuss central topics and new trends in molecular biology including phenotypic heterogeneity, single cell sequencing, nuclear phase separated condensates, single cell imaging, and image analysis methods, with particular focus on the methodologies and results that have been reported in the last few years using microscopy-based techniques. These observations augment the results from biochemical assays that lead to a much more complex and dynamic view of how ER, and arguably most transcription factors, act to regulate gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Stossi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States; GCC Center for Advanced Microscopy and Image Informatics, Houston, TX, United States.
| | | | - Hannah L Johnson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States; GCC Center for Advanced Microscopy and Image Informatics, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ragini M Mistry
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States; GCC Center for Advanced Microscopy and Image Informatics, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Maureen G Mancini
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States; GCC Center for Advanced Microscopy and Image Informatics, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Michael A Mancini
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States; GCC Center for Advanced Microscopy and Image Informatics, Houston, TX, United States; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.
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8
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Vini R, Jaikumar VS, Remadevi V, Ravindran S, Azeez JM, Sasikumar A, Sundaram S, Sreeja S. Urolithin A: A promising selective estrogen receptor modulator and 27-hydroxycholesterol attenuator in breast cancer. Phytother Res 2023; 37:4504-4521. [PMID: 37345359 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
27-hydroxycholesterol (27-HC) is an oxysterol that acts as an endogenous selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), and its adverse effects on breast cancer via the estrogen receptor (ER) have provided new insights into the pathology of cholesterol-linked breast cancer. Our earlier in vitro experiments showed that the methanolic extract of pomegranate could exhibit SERM properties and compete with 27-HC. The major constituents of pomegranate are ellagitannins and ellagic acid, which are converted into urolithins by the colonic microbiota. In recent years, urolithins, especially urolithin A (UA) and urolithin B (UB), have been reported to have a plethora of advantageous effects, including antiproliferative and estrogenic activities. In this study, we attempted to determine the potential of urolithins in antagonizing and counteracting the adverse effects of 27-HC in breast cancer cells. Our findings suggested that UA had an antiproliferative capacity and attenuated the proliferative effects of 27-HC, resulting in subsequent loss of membrane potential and apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Further, UA induced estrogen response element (ERE) transcriptional activity and modulated estrogen-responsive genes, exhibiting a SERM-like response concerning receptor binding. Our in vivo hollow fiber assay results showed a loss of cell viability in breast cancer cells upon UA consumption, as well as a reduction in 27-HC-induced proliferative activity. Additionally, it was shown that UA did not induce uterine proliferation or alter blood biochemical parameters. Based on these findings, we can conclude that UA has the potential to act as a potent estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) modulator and 27-HC antagonist. UA is safe to consume and is very well tolerated. This study further opens up the potential of UA as ER modulator and its benefits in estrogen-dependent tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindran Vini
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, India
- Research Centre, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Vishnu Sunil Jaikumar
- Animal Research Facility, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Viji Remadevi
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, India
- Research Centre, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Swathy Ravindran
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Juberiya M Azeez
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, India
- Research Centre, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Anjana Sasikumar
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Shankar Sundaram
- Department of Pathology, Government Medical College, Kottayam, India
| | - Sreeharshan Sreeja
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, India
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Boscolo Bielo L, Natangelo S, Katrini J, Trapani D, Curigliano G. A comprehensive update of hormone-related pharmacokinetic variations associated with breast cancer drugs. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2023; 19:389-403. [PMID: 37695692 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2023.2244870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Drugs available for the treatment of breast cancer are increasing, yielding improved oncological outcomes. The efficacy and safety of anticancer drugs significantly depend on pharmacokinetic profiles, which could be influenced by several factors, such as sex hormones. AREAS COVERED This article discusses the potential hormone-related pharmacokinetic influences on novel breast cancer pharmacotherapies. EXPERT OPINION Recently approved drugs for the treatment of breast cancer belong to different classes, each with unique pharmacokinetic profile. The impact of hormones, such as estrogen and progesterone, may occur at different steps of drug metabolism. Key effects of sex hormones ha ve been reported on multidrug-resistant transporters and enzymes involved in the liver metabolism of drugs, such as cytochromes. Nevertheless, no data is currently available to establish hormone-related metabolic interactions that may account for variability in drug scheduling and selection. Whereas we recognize influences may occur, we do not assume hormones alone can yield clinically significant metabolic changes. Rather, we believe that hormonal influences should be considered along with other elements that may affect drugs metabolism, such as concomitant medications, age-related pharmacokinetic changes, and genetic polymorphisms, in order to deliver treatment personalization and ensure better tolerability and safety of anticancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Boscolo Bielo
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Natangelo
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Jalissa Katrini
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Dario Trapani
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Curigliano
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Clusan L, Ferrière F, Flouriot G, Pakdel F. A Basic Review on Estrogen Receptor Signaling Pathways in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076834. [PMID: 37047814 PMCID: PMC10095386 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the deadliest among women worldwide. Estrogen signaling is closely associated with hormone-dependent breast cancer (estrogen and progesterone receptor positive), which accounts for two-thirds of tumors. Hormone therapy using antiestrogens is the gold standard, but resistance to these treatments invariably occurs through various biological mechanisms, such as changes in estrogen receptor activity, mutations in the ESR1 gene, aberrant activation of the PI3K pathway or cell cycle dysregulations. All these factors have led to the development of new therapies, such as selective estrogen receptor degraders (SERDs), or combination therapies with cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) 4/6 or PI3K inhibitors. Therefore, understanding the estrogen pathway is essential for the treatment and new drug development of hormone-dependent cancers. This mini-review summarizes current literature on the signalization, mechanisms of action and clinical implications of estrogen receptors in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Clusan
- Université de Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)—UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - François Ferrière
- Université de Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)—UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Gilles Flouriot
- Université de Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)—UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Farzad Pakdel
- Université de Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)—UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
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11
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Prognostic and Predictive Value of LIV1 Expression in Early Breast Cancer and by Molecular Subtype. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030938. [PMID: 36986799 PMCID: PMC10058875 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: LIV1 is a transmembrane protein that may become a new therapeutic target through the development of antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs). Few studies are available regarding the assessment of LIV1 expression in clinical breast cancer (BC) samples. Methods: We analyzed LIV1 mRNA expression in 8982 primary BC. We searched for correlations between LIV1 expression and clinicopathological data, including disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), pathological complete response to chemotherapy (pCR), and potential vulnerability and actionability to anti-cancer drugs used or under development in BC. Analyses were performed in the whole population and each molecular subtype separately. Results: LIV1 expression was associated with good-prognosis features and with longer DFS and OS in multivariate analysis. However, patients with high LIV1 expression displayed a lower pCR rate than patients with low expression after anthracycline-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy, including in multivariate analysis adjusted on grade and molecular subtypes. LIV1-high tumors were associated with higher probabilities of sensitivity to hormone therapy and CDK4/6 inhibitors and lower probabilities of sensitivity to immune-checkpoint inhibitors and PARP inhibitors. These observations were different according to the molecular subtypes when analyzed separately. Conclusions: These results may provide novel insights into the clinical development and use of LIV1-targeted ADCs by identifying prognostic and predictive value of LIV1 expression in each molecular subtype and associated vulnerability to other systemic therapies.
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12
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Zagami P, Nicolò E, Corti C, Valenza C, Curigliano G. New Concepts in Cardio-Oncology. Cancer Treat Res 2023; 188:303-341. [PMID: 38175351 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-33602-7_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Cancer and cardiovascular disease are the two major causes of morbidity and mortality in worldwide. Discovering new therapeutic agents for the management of breast cancer (BC) has increased the numbers of cancer survivors but with the risk of cardiovascular adverse events (CV-AEs). All drugs can potentially damage the cardiovascular system, with different types of clinical manifestations from ischemic myocardial disease to vasculitis, thrombosis or pericarditis. An early detection of CV-AEs guarantees an earlier treatment, which is associated with better outcomes. Cardio-oncology field enlarged its studies to improve prevention, monitoring and treatment of all cardiotoxic manifestations related to old or modern oncological agents. A multidisciplinary approach with a close partnership between oncologists and cardiologists is essential for an optimal management and therapeutic decision-making. The aim of this chapter is to review all types of cardiotoxic manifestations related to novel and old agents approved for treatment of BC patients including chemotherapy, anti-HER2 agents, cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors, PolyADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, antiangiogenic drugs and immunotherapy. We also focused our discussion on prevention, monitoring, treatment, and management of CV-AEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Zagami
- Division of Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, University of Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Nicolò
- Division of Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Corti
- Division of Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Carmine Valenza
- Division of Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Curigliano
- Division of Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
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13
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Vallet A, El Ezzy M, Diennet M, Haidar S, Bouvier M, Mader S. The AF-2 cofactor binding region is key for the selective SUMOylation of estrogen receptor alpha by antiestrogens. J Biol Chem 2022; 299:102757. [PMID: 36460099 PMCID: PMC9823126 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiestrogens (AEs) are used to treat all stages of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer. Selective estrogen receptor modulators such as tamoxifen have tissue-specific partial agonist activity, while selective estrogen receptor downregulators such as fulvestrant (ICI182,780) display a more complete antiestrogenic profile. We have previously observed that fulvestrant-induced ERα SUMOylation contributes to transcriptional suppression, but whether this effect is seen with other AEs and is specific to ERα is unclear. Here we show that several AEs induce SUMOylation of ERα, but not ERβ, at different levels. Swapping domains between ERα and ERβ indicates that the ERα identity of the ligand-binding domain helices 3 and 4 (H3-H4 region), which contribute to the static part of the activation function-2 (AF-2) cofactor binding groove, is sufficient to confer fulvestrant-induced SUMOylation to ERβ. This region does not contain lysine residues unique to ERα, suggesting that ERα-specific residues in H3-H4 determine the capacity of the AE-bound ERα ligand-binding domain to recruit the SUMOylation machinery. We also show that the SUMO E3 ligase protein inhibitor of activated STAT 1 increases SUMOylation of ERα and of ERβ containing the H3-H4 region of ERα, but not of ERβ. Together, these results shed new light on the molecular basis for the differential capacity of selective estrogen receptor modulators and selective estrogen receptor downregulators to suppress transcription by ERα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Vallet
- Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et Cancérologie (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mohamed El Ezzy
- Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et Cancérologie (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marine Diennet
- Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et Cancérologie (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Salwa Haidar
- Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et Cancérologie (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Michel Bouvier
- Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et Cancérologie (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada,Département de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sylvie Mader
- Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et Cancérologie (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada,Département de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada,For correspondence: Sylvie Mader
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14
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Nicolini A, Ferrari P, Carpi A. Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Other Immune Therapies in Breast Cancer: A New Paradigm for Prolonged Adjuvant Immunotherapy. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102511. [PMID: 36289773 PMCID: PMC9599105 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer in women worldwide. Advances in the early diagnosis and treatment of cancer in the last decade have progressively decreased the cancer mortality rate, and in recent years, immunotherapy has emerged as a relevant tool against cancer. HER2+ and triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are considered more immunogenic and suitable for this kind of treatment due to the higher rate of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression. In TNBC, genetic aberrations further favor immunogenicity due to more neo-antigens in cancer cells. Methods: This review summarizes the principal ongoing conventional and investigational immunotherapies in breast cancer. Particularly, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and their use alone or combined with DNA damage repair inhibitors (DDRis) are described. Then, the issue on immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies against HER-2 family receptors is updated. Other investigational immunotherapies include a new schedule based on the interferon beta-interleukin-2 sequence that was given in ER+ metastatic breast cancer patients concomitant with anti-estrogen therapy, which surprisingly showed promising results. Results: Based on the scientific literature and our own findings, the current evaluation of tumor immunogenicity and the conventional model of adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) are questioned. Conclusions: A novel strategy based on additional prolonged adjuvant immunotherapy combined with hormone therapy or alternated with CT is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Nicolini
- Department of Oncology, Transplantations and New Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Paola Ferrari
- Unit of Oncology, Department of Medical and Oncological Area, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Pisana, 56125 Pisa, Italy
| | - Angelo Carpi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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15
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Cherukuri SP, Chikatimalla R, Dasaradhan T, Koneti J, Gadde S, Kalluru R. Breast Cancer and the Cardiovascular Disease: A Narrative Review. Cureus 2022; 14:e27917. [PMID: 36110451 PMCID: PMC9464354 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.27917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy affecting females worldwide and is also among the top causes of all cancer-related deaths. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is known to have the highest rate of mortality in women. There are several risk factors for both CVD and breast cancer that overlap, such as diet, smoking, and obesity, and also the current breast cancer treatment has a significant detrimental effect on cardiovascular health in general. Patients with exposure to potentially cardiotoxic treatments, including anthracyclines, trastuzumab, and radiation therapy, are more likely to develop CVD than non-cancer controls. Early detection and treatment may reduce the risk of the development of cardiac morbidity and mortality and would increase the number of breast cancer survivors. This article provides a comprehensive overview of breast cancer, identifies shared risk factors among breast cancer and CVD, and the cardiotoxic effects of therapy. It also reviews possible prevention and treatment of CVD in breast cancer patients and reviews literature about chemoprevention of cardiac disease in the setting of breast cancer treatment.
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16
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Yu J, Mu Q, Fung M, Xu X, Zhu L, Ho RJY. Challenges and opportunities in metastatic breast cancer treatments: Nano-drug combinations delivered preferentially to metastatic cells may enhance therapeutic response. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 236:108108. [PMID: 34999182 PMCID: PMC9256851 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite advances in breast cancer treatments and related 5-year survival outcomes, metastatic breast cancer cures remain elusive. The current standard of care includes a combination of surgery, radiation therapy and drug therapy. However, even the most advanced procedures and treatments do not prevent breast cancer recurrence and metastasis. Once metastasis occurs, patient prognosis is poor. Recent elucidation of the spatiotemporal transit of metastatic cancer cells from primary tumor sites to distant sites provide an opportunity to integrate knowledge of drug disposition in our effort to enhance drug localization and exposure in cancer laden tissues . Novel technologies have been developed, but could be further refined to facilitate the distribution of drugs to target cancer cells and tissues. The purpose of this review is to highlight the challenges in metastatic breast cancer treatment and focus on novel drug combination and nanotechnology approaches to overcome the challenges. With improved definition of metastatic tissue target, directed localization and retention of multiple, pharmacologically active drugs to tissues and cells of interest may overcome the limitations in breast cancer treatment that may lead to a cure for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Qingxin Mu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Millie Fung
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Xiaolin Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Linxi Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Rodney J Y Ho
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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17
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Regua AT, Najjar M, Lo HW. RET signaling pathway and RET inhibitors in human cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:932353. [PMID: 35957881 PMCID: PMC9359433 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.932353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rearranged during transfection (RET) receptor tyrosine kinase was first identified over thirty years ago as a novel transforming gene. Since its discovery and subsequent pathway characterization, RET alterations have been identified in numerous cancer types and are most prevalent in thyroid carcinomas and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In other tumor types such as breast cancer and salivary gland carcinomas, RET alterations can be found at lower frequencies. Aberrant RET activity is associated with poor prognosis of thyroid and lung carcinoma patients, and is strongly correlated with increased risk of distant metastases. RET aberrations encompass a variety of genomic or proteomic alterations, most of which confer constitutive activation of RET. Activating RET alterations, such as point mutations or gene fusions, enhance activity of signaling pathways downstream of RET, namely PI3K/AKT, RAS/RAF, MAPK, and PLCγ pathways, to promote cell proliferation, growth, and survival. Given the important role that mutant RET plays in metastatic cancers, significant efforts have been made in developing inhibitors against RET kinase activity. These efforts have led to FDA approval of Selpercatinib and Pralsetinib for NSCLC, as well as, additional selective RET inhibitors in preclinical and clinical testing. This review covers the current biological understanding of RET signaling, the impact of RET hyperactivity on tumor progression in multiple tumor types, and RET inhibitors with promising preclinical and clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina T. Regua
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Mariana Najjar
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Hui-Wen Lo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
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18
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New Insights on the Toxicity on Heart and Vessels of Breast Cancer Therapies. Med Sci (Basel) 2022; 10:medsci10020027. [PMID: 35736347 PMCID: PMC9229896 DOI: 10.3390/medsci10020027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are largely represented in patients with cancer and appear to be important side effects of cancer treatments, heavily affecting quality of life and leading to premature morbidity and death among cancer survivors. In particular, treatments for breast cancer have been shown to potentially play serious detrimental effects on cardiovascular health. This review aims to explore the available literature on breast cancer therapy-induced side effects on heart and vessels, illustrating the molecular mechanisms of cardiotoxicity known so far. Moreover, principles of cardiovascular risk assessment and management of cardiotoxicity in clinical practice will also be elucidated. Chemotherapy (anthracycline, taxanes, cyclophosphamide and 5-fluorouracil), hormonal therapy (estrogen receptor modulator and gonadotropin or luteinizing releasing hormone agonists) and targeted therapy (epidermal growth factor receptor 2 and Cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 inhibitors) adverse events include arterial and pulmonary hypertension, supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias, systolic and diastolic cardiac dysfunction and coronary artery diseases due to different and still not well-dissected molecular pathways. Therefore, cardiovascular prevention programs and treatment of cardiotoxicity appear to be crucial to improve morbidity and mortality of cancer survivors.
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19
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Yang H. Tau and stathmin proteins in breast cancer: A potential therapeutic target. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2022; 49:445-452. [PMID: 35066919 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignant neoplasm among women, responsible for 30% of all malignant tumours, and the second most significant reason of cancer fatality in women. Treatment failure and tumour recurrence are common outcomes of chemotherapy when patients develop multidrug resistance (MDR). New therapeutic methods like molecularly targeted therapeutic interventions need a thorough understanding of malignant tumour's molecular processes. Numerous studies published in the last few years indicate that stathmin and tubulin-associated units (tau) are upregulated in a range of human malignant tumours, suggesting that they may enhance the incidence and progression of malignancies. By promoting cancer cell reproduction, infiltration and generating drug resistance, these proteins aid in the disease's development. Existing information on the expression of tau protein and stathmin in breast cancer, as well as their involvement in treatment methods, is summarized in this literature review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanzhao Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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20
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Kawiak A, Kostecka A. Regulation of Bcl-2 Family Proteins in Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer and Their Implications in Endocrine Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:279. [PMID: 35053443 PMCID: PMC8773933 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer accounts for around two-thirds of breast cancer occurrences, with endocrine therapy serving as first-line therapy in most cases. Targeting estrogen signaling pathways, which play a central role in regulating ER+ breast cell proliferation and survival, has proven to improve patient outcomes. However, despite the undeniable advantages of endocrine therapy, a subset of breast cancer patients develop acquired or intrinsic resistance to ER-targeting agents, limiting their efficacy. The activation of downstream ER signaling pathways upregulates pro-survival mechanisms that have been shown to influence the response of cells to endocrine therapy. The Bcl-2 family proteins play a central role in cell death regulation and have been shown to contribute to endocrine therapy resistance, supporting the survival of breast cancer cells and enhancing cell death evasion. Due to the overexpression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins in ER-positive breast cancer, the role of these proteins as potential targets in hormone-responsive breast cancer is growing in interest. In particular, recent advances in the development of BH3 mimetics have enabled their evaluation in preclinical studies with ER+ breast cancer models, and BH3 mimetics have entered early ER+ breast cancer clinical trials. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of Bcl-2 family proteins in ER+ breast cancer. Furthermore, an overview of recent advances in research regarding the efficacy of BH3 mimetics in ER+ breast cancer has been provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kawiak
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna Kostecka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland;
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21
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Wang SF, Chang YL, Tzeng YD, Wu CL, Wang YZ, Tseng LM, Chen S, Lee HC. Mitochondrial stress adaptation promotes resistance to aromatase inhibitor in human breast cancer cells via ROS/calcium up-regulated amphiregulin-estrogen receptor loop signaling. Cancer Lett 2021; 523:82-99. [PMID: 34610415 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Many breast cancer patients harbor high estrogen receptor (ER) expression in tumors that can be treated with endocrine therapy, which includes aromatase inhibitors (AI); unfortunately, resistance often occurs. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been thought to contribute to progression and to be related to hormone receptor expression in breast tumors. Mitochondrial alterations in AI-resistant breast cancer have not yet been defined. In this study, we characterized mitochondrial alterations and their roles in AI resistance. MCF-7aro AI-resistant breast cancer cells were shown to have significant changes in mitochondria. Low expressions of mitochondrial genes and proteins could be poor prognostic factors for breast cancer patients. Long-term mitochondrial inhibitor treatments-mediated mitochondrial stress adaptation could induce letrozole resistance. ERα-amphiregulin (AREG) loop signaling was activated and contributed to mitochondrial stress adaptation-mediated letrozole resistance. The up-regulation of AREG-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) crosstalk activated the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and ERK pathways and was responsible for ERα activation. Moreover, mitochondrial stress adaptation-increased intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and calcium were shown to induce AREG expression and secretion. In conclusion, our results support the claim that mitochondrial stress adaptation contributes to AI resistance via ROS/calcium-mediated AREG-ERα loop signaling and provide possible treatment targets for overcoming AI resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Fan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 112, Taiwan; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan; Department and Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Lih Chang
- Department of Pharmacy, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 112, Taiwan; Department and Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan; Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Dun Tzeng
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 813, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ling Wu
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Zhong Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Ling-Ming Tseng
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 112, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.
| | - Shiuan Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, CA, 91010, USA.
| | - Hsin-Chen Lee
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan; Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.
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22
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Kumar R. Role of conformational dynamics and flexibilities in the steroid receptor-coregulator protein complex formation. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2021; 309:113780. [PMID: 33882296 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2021.113780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Understanding of the mechanisms of actions of the steroid hormone receptor (SHR)-coregulator (CoR) protein complexes in the gene regulations has revolutionized the field of molecular endocrinology and endocrine-related oncology. The discovery and characterization of steroid receptor coactivators (SRCs) and their ability to bind various transcription factors including SHRs to coordinate the regulation of multiple target genes highlights their importance as key coregulators in various cellular signaling crosstalks as well as therapeutic target for various endocrine-related disorders specifically endocrine cancers. The dynamic nature of the SHR-CoR multi-protein complexes indicate the critical role of conformational flexibilities within specific protein(s). In recent years, the importance of conformational dynamics of the SHRs in the intramolecular and intermolecular allosteric regulations mediated via their intrinsically disordered (ID) surfaces has been highlighted. In this review article, we have discussed the importance of ID conformations within the SRCs that may also be playing an important role in the formation/deformation of multi protein complexes involving SHRs and CoRs and subsequent target gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Houston - College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.
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23
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Schuler LA, Murdoch FE. Endogenous and Therapeutic Estrogens: Maestro Conductors of the Microenvironment of ER+ Breast Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153725. [PMID: 34359625 PMCID: PMC8345134 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) marks heterogeneous breast cancers which display a repertoire of somatic genomic mutations and an immune environment that differs from other breast cancer subtypes. These cancers also exhibit distinct biological behaviors; despite an overall better prognosis than HER2+ or triple negative breast cancers, disseminated dormant cells can lead to disease recurrence decades after the initial diagnosis and treatment. Estrogen is the best studied driver of these cancers, and antagonism or reduction of estrogen activity is the cornerstone of therapeutic approaches. In addition to reducing proliferation of ERα+ cancer cells, these treatments also alter signals to multiple other target cells in the environment, including immune cell subpopulations, cancer-associated fibroblasts, and endothelial cells via several distinct estrogen receptors. In this review, we update progress in our understanding of the stromal cells populating the microenvironments of primary and metastatic ER+ tumors, the effects of estrogen on tumor and stromal cells to modulate immune activity and the extracellular matrix, and net outcomes in experimental and clinical studies. We highlight new approaches that will illuminate the unique biology of these cancers, provide the foundation for developing new treatment and prevention strategies, and reduce mortality of this disease.
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24
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Barbolina MV. Dichotomous role of microtubule associated protein tau as a biomarker of response to and a target for increasing efficacy of taxane treatment in cancers of epithelial origin. Pharmacol Res 2021; 168:105585. [PMID: 33798735 PMCID: PMC8165012 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide, and the World Health Organization estimates that one in six deaths globally is due to cancer. Chemotherapy is one of the major modalities used to treat advanced cancers and their metastasis. However, the existence of acquired and intrinsic resistance to anti-cancer drugs often diminishes their therapeutic effect. In order to pre-select patients who could benefit the most from these treatments, the efforts of many research groups have been focused on identification of biomarkers of therapy response. Taxanes paclitaxel (Taxol) and docetaxel (Taxotere) have been introduced as chemotherapy for treatment of cancers of ovary in 1992 and breast in 1996, respectively. Since then, clinical use of taxanes has expanded to include lung, prostate, gastric, head and neck, esophageal, pancreatic, and cervical cancers, as well as Kaposi sarcoma. Several independent molecular mechanisms have been shown to support taxane chemoresistance. One such mechanism is dependent on microtubule associated protein tau. Tau binds to the same site on the inner side of the microtubules that is also occupied by paclitaxel or docetaxel, and several studies have demonstrated that low/no tau expression significantly correlated with better response to the taxane treatment, suggesting that levels of tau expression could have a predictive value in pre-selecting patient cohorts that are likely to benefit from the treatment. However, several other studies have found no correlation between tau expression and taxane response, introducing a controversy and precluding its wide use as a predictive biomarker. Based on the knowledge of tau biology accumulated thus far, in this review we attempt to critically analyze the studies that evaluated tau as a biomarker of taxane response. Further, we identify yet unknown aspects of tau biology understanding of which is necessary for improvement of development of tau as a biomarker of response and a target for increasing response to taxane treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Barbolina
- University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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25
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Zafar E, Maqbool MF, Iqbal A, Maryam A, Shakir HA, Irfan M, Khan M, Li Y, Ma T. A comprehensive review on anticancer mechanism of bazedoxifene. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2021; 69:767-782. [PMID: 33759222 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is counted as a second leading cause of death among nontransmissible diseases. Identification of novel anticancer drugs is therefore necessary for the effective treatment of cancer. Conventional drug discovery is time consuming and expensive process. Unlike conventional drug discovery, drug repositioning offers a novel strategy for urgent drug discovery since it is a cost-effective and faster process. Bazedoxifene (BZA) is a synthetic selective estrogen receptor modulator, approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. BZA is now being studied for its anticancer activity in various cancers including breast cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, colon cancer, head and neck cancer, medulloblastoma, brain cancer, and gastrointestinal cancer. Studies have reported that BZA is effective in reducing cancer progression through multiple mechanisms. BZA could effectively inhibit STAT3, PI3K/AKT, and MAPK signaling pathways and induce apoptosis. In addition to its anticancer activity as monotherapy, BZA has been shown to enhance the chemotherapeutic efficacy of clinical drugs such as paclitaxel, cisplatin, palbociclib, and oxaliplatin in multiple neoplasms. This review mainly focused on the anticancer activity, cellular targets, and anticancer mechanism of BZA, which may help the further design and conduct of research and repositioning it for oncological clinic trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erum Zafar
- Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Asia Iqbal
- Department of Wild Life and Ecology, University of Veternary and Animal Sciences, Ravi Campus, Patoki, Pakistan
| | - Amara Maryam
- Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Abdullah Shakir
- Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Khan
- Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Yongming Li
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tonghui Ma
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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26
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Pepermans RA, Sharma G, Prossnitz ER. G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor in Cancer and Stromal Cells: Functions and Novel Therapeutic Perspectives. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030672. [PMID: 33802978 PMCID: PMC8002620 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen is involved in numerous physiological and pathophysiological systems. Its role in driving estrogen receptor-expressing breast cancers is well established, but it also has important roles in a number of other cancers, acting both on tumor cells directly as well as in the function of multiple cells of the tumor microenvironment, including fibroblasts, immune cells, and adipocytes, which can greatly impact carcinogenesis. One of its receptors, the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), has gained much interest over the last decade in both health and disease. Increasing evidence shows that GPER contributes to clinically observed endocrine therapy resistance in breast cancer while also playing a complex role in a number of other cancers. Recent discoveries regarding the targeting of GPER in combination with immune checkpoint inhibition, particularly in melanoma, have led to the initiation of the first Phase I clinical trial for the GPER-selective agonist G-1. Furthermore, its functions in metabolism and corresponding pathophysiological states, such as obesity and diabetes, are becoming more evident and suggest additional therapeutic value in targeting GPER for both cancer and other diseases. Here, we highlight the roles of GPER in several cancers, as well as in metabolism and immune regulation, and discuss the therapeutic value of targeting this estrogen receptor as a potential treatment for cancer as well as contributing metabolic and inflammatory diseases and conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A. Pepermans
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (R.A.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Geetanjali Sharma
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (R.A.P.); (G.S.)
- Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Eric R. Prossnitz
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (R.A.P.); (G.S.)
- Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-505-272-5647
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27
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Zheng Q, Zhang M, Zhou F, Zhang L, Meng X. The Breast Cancer Stem Cells Traits and Drug Resistance. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:599965. [PMID: 33584277 PMCID: PMC7876385 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.599965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is a major challenge in breast cancer (BC) treatment at present. Accumulating studies indicate that breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are responsible for the BC drugs resistance, causing relapse and metastasis in BC patients. Thus, BCSCs elimination could reverse drug resistance and improve drug efficacy to benefit BC patients. Consequently, mastering the knowledge on the proliferation, resistance mechanisms, and separation of BCSCs in BC therapy is extremely helpful for BCSCs-targeted therapeutic strategies. Herein, we summarize the principal BCSCs surface markers and signaling pathways, and list the BCSCs-related drug resistance mechanisms in chemotherapy (CT), endocrine therapy (ET), and targeted therapy (TT), and display therapeutic strategies for targeting BCSCs to reverse drug resistance in BC. Even more importantly, more attention should be paid to studies on BCSC-targeted strategies to overcome the drug resistant dilemma of clinical therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghui Zheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengdi Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fangfang Zhou
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Long Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuli Meng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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28
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Papin S, Paganetti P. Emerging Evidences for an Implication of the Neurodegeneration-Associated Protein TAU in Cancer. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10110862. [PMID: 33207722 PMCID: PMC7696480 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10110862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders and cancer may appear unrelated illnesses. Yet, epidemiologic studies indicate an inverse correlation between their respective incidences for specific cancers. Possibly explaining these findings, increasing evidence indicates that common molecular pathways are involved, often in opposite manner, in the pathogenesis of both disease families. Genetic mutations in the MAPT gene encoding for TAU protein cause an inherited form of frontotemporal dementia, a neurodegenerative disorder, but also increase the risk of developing cancer. Assigning TAU at the interface between cancer and neurodegenerative disorders, two major aging-linked disease families, offers a possible clue for the epidemiological observation inversely correlating these human illnesses. In addition, the expression level of TAU is recognized as a prognostic marker for cancer, as well as a modifier of cancer resistance to chemotherapy. Because of its microtubule-binding properties, TAU may interfere with the mechanism of action of taxanes, a class of chemotherapeutic drugs designed to stabilize the microtubule network and impair cell division. Indeed, a low TAU expression is associated to a better response to taxanes. Although TAU main binding partners are microtubules, TAU is able to relocate to subcellular sites devoid of microtubules and is also able to bind to cancer-linked proteins, suggesting a role of TAU in modulating microtubule-independent cellular pathways associated to oncogenesis. This concept is strengthened by experimental evidence linking TAU to P53 signaling, DNA stability and protection, processes that protect against cancer. This review aims at collecting literature data supporting the association between TAU and cancer. We will first summarize the evidence linking neurodegenerative disorders and cancer, then published data supporting a role of TAU as a modifier of the efficacy of chemotherapies and of the oncogenic process. We will finish by addressing from a mechanistic point of view the role of TAU in de-regulating critical cancer pathways, including the interaction of TAU with cancer-associated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Papin
- Neurodegeneration Research Group, Laboratory for Biomedical Neurosciences, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Via ai Söi 24, CH-6807 Torricella-Taverne, Switzerland;
| | - Paolo Paganetti
- Neurodegeneration Research Group, Laboratory for Biomedical Neurosciences, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Via ai Söi 24, CH-6807 Torricella-Taverne, Switzerland;
- Faculty of Biomedical Neurosciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, CH-6900 Lugano, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-91-811-7250
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29
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Bai L, Hirose T, Assi W, Wada S, Takeshima SN, Aida Y. Bovine Leukemia Virus Infection Affects Host Gene Expression Associated with DNA Mismatch Repair. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9110909. [PMID: 33143351 PMCID: PMC7694100 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9110909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) causes enzootic bovine leukosis, a malignant form of B-cell lymphoma, and is closely related to human T-cell leukemia viruses. We investigated whether BLV infection affects host genes associated with DNA mismatch repair (MMR). Next-generation sequencing of blood samples from five calves experimentally infected with BLV revealed the highest expression levels of seven MMR genes (EXO1, UNG, PCNA, MSH2, MSH3, MSH6, and PMS2) at the point of peak proviral loads (PVLs). Furthermore, MMR gene expression was only upregulated in cattle with higher PVLs. In particular, the expression levels of MSH2, MSH3, and UNG positively correlated with PVL in vivo. The expression levels of all seven MMR genes in pig kidney-15 cells and the levels of PMS2 and EXO1 in HeLa cells also increased tendencies after transient transfection with a BLV infectious clone. Moreover, MMR gene expression levels were significantly higher in BLV-expressing cell lines compared with those in the respective parental cell lines. Expression levels of MSH2 and EXO1 in BLV-infected cattle with lymphoma were significantly lower and higher, respectively, compared with those in infected cattle in vivo. These results reveal that BLV infection affects MMR gene expression, offering new candidate markers for lymphoma diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Bai
- Photonics Control Technology Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako 351-0198, Japan; (L.B.); (W.A.); (S.W.); (S.-n.T.)
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, Wako 351-0198, Japan;
| | - Tomoya Hirose
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, Wako 351-0198, Japan;
- Laboratory of Viral Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Wlaa Assi
- Photonics Control Technology Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako 351-0198, Japan; (L.B.); (W.A.); (S.W.); (S.-n.T.)
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, Wako 351-0198, Japan;
- Laboratory of Viral Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Satoshi Wada
- Photonics Control Technology Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako 351-0198, Japan; (L.B.); (W.A.); (S.W.); (S.-n.T.)
| | - Shin-nosuke Takeshima
- Photonics Control Technology Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako 351-0198, Japan; (L.B.); (W.A.); (S.W.); (S.-n.T.)
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, Wako 351-0198, Japan;
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life, Jumonji University, Niiza 352-0017, Japan
| | - Yoko Aida
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, Wako 351-0198, Japan;
- Laboratory of Viral Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- Nakamura Laboratory, Baton Zone Program, RIKEN Cluster for Science, Technology and Innovation Hub, Wako 351-0198, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-48-462-4418
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30
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Peng L, Jiang J, Tang B, Nice EC, Zhang YY, Xie N. Managing therapeutic resistance in breast cancer: from the lncRNAs perspective. Theranostics 2020; 10:10360-10377. [PMID: 32929354 PMCID: PMC7482807 DOI: 10.7150/thno.49922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common female malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. In spite of significant advances in clinical management, the mortality of BC continues to increase due to the frequent occurrence of treatment resistance. Intensive studies have been conducted to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying BC therapeutic resistance, including increased drug efflux, altered drug targets, activated bypass signaling pathways, maintenance of cancer stemness, and deregulated immune response. Emerging evidence suggests that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are intimately involved in BC therapy resistance through multiple modes of action. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of the implication of lncRNAs in resistance to clinical therapies may improve the clinical outcome of BC patients. Here, we highlight the role and underlying mechanisms of lncRNAs in regulating BC treatment resistance with an emphasis on lncRNAs-mediated resistance in different clinical scenarios, and discuss the potential of lncRNAs as novel biomarkers or therapeutic targets to improve BC therapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Jingwen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Bo Tang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Edouard C. Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Na Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
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31
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Karadayi FZ, Yaman M, Kisla MM, Keskus AG, Konu O, Ates-Alagoz Z. Design, synthesis and anticancer/antiestrogenic activities of novel indole-benzimidazoles. Bioorg Chem 2020; 100:103929. [PMID: 32464404 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Indole-benzimidazoles have recently gained attention due to their antiproliferative and antiestrogenic effects. However, their structural similarities and molecular mechanisms shared with selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) have not yet been investigated. In this study, we synthesized novel ethylsulfonyl indole-benzimidazole derivatives by substituting the first (R1) and fifth (R2) positions of benzimidazole and indole groups, respectively. Subsequently, we performed 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and Mass spectral and in silico docking analyses, and anticancer activity screening studies of these novel indole-benzimidazoles. The antiproliferative effects of indole-benzimidazoles were found to be more similar between the estrogen (E2) responsive cell lines MCF-7 and HEPG2 in comparison to the Estrogen Receptor negative (ER-) cell line MDA-MB-231. R1:p-fluorobenzyl group members were selected as lead compounds for their potent anticancer effects and moderate structural affinity to ER. Microarray expression profiling and gene enrichment analyses (GSEA) of the selected compounds (R1:p-fluorobenzyl: 48, 49, 50, 51; R1:3,4-difluorobenzyl: 53) helped determine the similarly modulated cellular signaling pathways among derivatives. Moreover, we identified known compounds that have significantly similar gene signatures to that of 51 via queries performed in LINCS database; and further transcriptomics comparisons were made using public GEO datasets (GSE35428, GSE7765, GSE62673). Our results strongly demonstrate that these novel indole-benzimidazoles can modulate ER target gene expression as well as dioxin-mediated aryl hydrocarbon receptor and amino acid deprivation-mediated integrated stress response signaling in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fikriye Zengin Karadayi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Murat Yaman
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Murat Kisla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayse G Keskus
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozlen Konu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey; Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey; UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Zeynep Ates-Alagoz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey.
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32
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Nicolini A, Rossi G, Ferrari P, Carpi A. Minimal residual disease in advanced or metastatic solid cancers: The G0-G1 state and immunotherapy are key to unwinding cancer complexity. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 79:68-82. [PMID: 32201368 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, a large amount of research has focused on elucidating the mechanisms that account for homing disseminated cancer cells (DCCs) from solid tumours to distant organs, which successively progress to overt metastatic disease; this is currently incurable. A better understanding of DCC behaviour is expected to allow detectable metastasis prevention by more effectively targeting 'metastatic seeds before they sprout'. As DCC biology co-evolved with that of the primary tumour, and due to the many similarities between them, the term 'niche' has been borrowed from normal adult stem cells (ASCs) to define the site of DCC metastatic colonisation. Moreover, heterogeneity, survival, protection, stemness and plasticity as well as the prolonged G0-G1 dormant state in the metastatic niche have been the main aspects of intense investigation. Consistent with these findings, in solid cancers with minimal residual disease (MRD), it has been proposed to prolong adjuvant therapy by targeting specific molecular pathway(s) involving DCC dormancy. However, so far, few disappointing clinical data have been reported. As an alternative strategy, because immune-surveillance contributes to the steady state of the DCC population and likely to the G0-G1 state of cancer cells, we have used prolonged immune-modulatory cytostatic chemotherapy, active immune stimulation with an INF-β/IL-2 sequence or drugs inhibiting myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC)/Treg-mediated immune suppression. This strategy, mainly aimed at boosting the immune response, is based on recent findings suggesting the downregulation of immune escape mechanisms as well as other principal hallmarks during the G0-G1 state and/or in MRD. Preliminary clinical and/or laboratory data suggest the efficacy of this strategy in gastrointestinal and some endocrine-dependent cancers. Following this, we propose therapeutic schedules to prevent DCC activation and proliferation in solid cancers at a high risk of relapse or as maintenance therapy in metastatic patients after complete response (CR) to conventional treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Nicolini
- Department of Oncology, Transplantations and New Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Rossi
- National Research Council (CNR), Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Clinical Physiology and G. Monasterio Foundation, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Ferrari
- Unit of Oncology 1, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Angelo Carpi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
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Hester J, Ventetuolo C, Lahm T. Sex, Gender, and Sex Hormones in Pulmonary Hypertension and Right Ventricular Failure. Compr Physiol 2019; 10:125-170. [PMID: 31853950 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c190011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) encompasses a syndrome of diseases that are characterized by elevated pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular remodeling and that frequently lead to right ventricular (RV) failure and death. Several types of PH exhibit sexually dimorphic features in disease penetrance, presentation, and progression. Most sexually dimorphic features in PH have been described in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), a devastating and progressive pulmonary vasculopathy with a 3-year survival rate <60%. While patient registries show that women are more susceptible to development of PAH, female PAH patients display better RV function and increased survival compared to their male counterparts, a phenomenon referred to as the "estrogen paradox" or "estrogen puzzle" of PAH. Recent advances in the field have demonstrated that multiple sex hormones, receptors, and metabolites play a role in the estrogen puzzle and that the effects of hormone signaling may be time and compartment specific. While the underlying physiological mechanisms are complex, unraveling the estrogen puzzle may reveal novel therapeutic strategies to treat and reverse the effects of PAH/PH. In this article, we (i) review PH classification and pathophysiology; (ii) discuss sex/gender differences observed in patients and animal models; (iii) review sex hormone synthesis and metabolism; (iv) review in detail the scientific literature of sex hormone signaling in PAH/PH, particularly estrogen-, testosterone-, progesterone-, and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)-mediated effects in the pulmonary vasculature and RV; (v) discuss hormone-independent variables contributing to sexually dimorphic disease presentation; and (vi) identify knowledge gaps and pathways forward. © 2020 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 10:125-170, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Hester
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, Occupational and Sleep Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Corey Ventetuolo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Department of Health Services, Policy and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Tim Lahm
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, Occupational and Sleep Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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34
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Sharma AV, Reddin G, Forrestal B, Barac A. Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Survivors of Breast Cancer. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE 2019; 21:79. [PMID: 31820123 DOI: 10.1007/s11936-019-0788-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Early detection and improved treatment in breast cancer have resulted in an increased number of survivors. Cardiovascular disease now remains an important cause for morbidity and mortality in this population. There is a growing gap in the knowledge about the optimal long-term cardiovascular management of this population. FINDINGS Breast cancer and cardiovascular disease share a number of common risk factors. Different breast cancer treatment modalities, including anthracyclines, radiation, and hormonal therapy, can act in synergy with preexisting and/or new cardiovascular risk factors to result in significant cardiovascular disease. We summarize the recent evidence about cardiovascular effects of breast cancer therapy and recommendations for their diagnosis and management during the cancer treatment continuum into survivorship. We also present current research initiatives and how they inform clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gemma Reddin
- MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Brian Forrestal
- MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA.,MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ana Barac
- MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA. .,MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA. .,MedStar Heart and Vascular Institute, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
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35
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Therapeutic Ligands Antagonize Estrogen Receptor Function by Impairing Its Mobility. Cell 2019; 178:949-963.e18. [PMID: 31353221 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancers frequently remain dependent on ER signaling even after acquiring resistance to endocrine agents, prompting the development of optimized ER antagonists. Fulvestrant is unique among approved ER therapeutics due to its capacity for full ER antagonism, thought to be achieved through ER degradation. The clinical potential of fulvestrant is limited by poor physicochemical features, spurring attempts to generate ER degraders with improved drug-like properties. We show that optimization of ER degradation does not guarantee full ER antagonism in breast cancer cells; ER "degraders" exhibit a spectrum of transcriptional activities and anti-proliferative potential. Mechanistically, we find that fulvestrant-like antagonists suppress ER transcriptional activity not by ER elimination, but by markedly slowing the intra-nuclear mobility of ER. Increased ER turnover occurs as a consequence of ER immobilization. These findings provide proof-of-concept that small molecule perturbation of transcription factor mobility may enable therapeutic targeting of this challenging target class.
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36
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Wong SK, Mohamad NV, Jayusman PA, Shuid AN, Ima-Nirwana S, Chin KY. The use of selective estrogen receptor modulators on bone health in men. Aging Male 2019; 22:89-101. [PMID: 29508640 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2018.1448058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) represent a class of drugs that act as agonist or antagonist for estrogen receptor in a tissue-specific manner. The SERMs drugs are initially used for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Bone health in prostate cancer patients has become a significant concern, whereby patients undergo androgen deprivation therapy is often associated with deleterious effects on bone. Previous preclinical and epidemiological findings showed that estrogens play a dominant role in improving bone health as compared to testosterone in men. Therefore, this evidence-based review aims to assess the available evidence derived from animal and human studies on the effects of SERMs on the male skeletal system. The effects of SERMs on bone mineral density (BMD)/content (BMC), bone histomorphometry, bone turnover, bone strength and fracture risk have been summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sok Kuan Wong
- a Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine , Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia , Cheras , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Nur-Vaizura Mohamad
- a Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine , Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia , Cheras , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Putri Ayu Jayusman
- a Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine , Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia , Cheras , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Nazrun Shuid
- a Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine , Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia , Cheras , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Soelaiman Ima-Nirwana
- a Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine , Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia , Cheras , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Kok-Yong Chin
- a Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine , Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia , Cheras , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
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Wanifuchi-Endo Y, Asano T, Kondo N, Hato Y, Dong Y, Hisada T, Nishikawa S, Kato H, Takahashi S, Okuda K, Yamashita H, Toyama T. Effects of serum estradiol and progesterone on estrogen-regulated gene expression in breast cancers of premenopausal patients. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2019; 49:12-21. [PMID: 30395264 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyy156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Expression of estrogen receptor α in breast cancer is essential for estrogen-dependent growth and partially determines the breast cancer subtype. In premenopausal women, expression of estrogen-regulated genes in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer tissues are reportedly influenced by the menstrual cycle. Methods We investigated correlations between serum estradiol (E2; tested on the day of surgery) and expression of estrogen-regulated genes and proliferation genes in strongly estrogen receptor α-positive breast cancer tissues from 91 premenopausal women by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. We also investigated correlations between serum progesterone levels on the day of surgery and mRNA expression of progesterone-regulated genes and proliferation genes. Results The serum E2 level affected expression of estrogen-regulated genes, including progesterone receptor (P = 0.016, Rs = 0.07) but showed no correlation with expression of genes associated with proliferation. We also observed strong positive correlations between mRNA expression of ESR1 and that of estrogen-regulated genes (P < 0.0001, Rs = 0.329-0.756) and proliferation genes (P < 0.0001, Rs = 0.753-0.843). The serum progesterone level affected expression of RANKL mRNA. However, we observed no correlations between serum progesterone and expression of Wnt-4 or proliferation genes. Conclusions The serum E2 level on the day of surgery influences estrogen-regulated gene expression moderately in patients found to be strongly positive for estrogen receptor α by immunohistochemistry. Changes in serum E2 levels might influence the results of molecular profiling tests in premenopausal women with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Wanifuchi-Endo
- Department of Breast Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomoko Asano
- Department of Breast Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naoto Kondo
- Department of Breast Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yukari Hato
- Department of Breast Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yu Dong
- Department of Breast Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomoka Hisada
- Department of Breast Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Sayaka Nishikawa
- Department of Breast Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kato
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Okuda
- Oncology, Immunology & Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroko Yamashita
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hokkaido University Hospital, North-14, West-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Toyama
- Department of Breast Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Japan
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38
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Fanning SW, Jeselsohn R, Dharmarajan V, Mayne CG, Karimi M, Buchwalter G, Houtman R, Toy W, Fowler CE, Han R, Lainé M, Carlson KE, Martin TA, Nowak J, Nwachukwu JC, Hosfield DJ, Chandarlapaty S, Tajkhorshid E, Nettles KW, Griffin PR, Shen Y, Katzenellenbogen JA, Brown M, Greene GL. The SERM/SERD bazedoxifene disrupts ESR1 helix 12 to overcome acquired hormone resistance in breast cancer cells. eLife 2018; 7:37161. [PMID: 30489256 PMCID: PMC6335054 DOI: 10.7554/elife.37161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquired resistance to endocrine therapy remains a significant clinical burden for breast cancer patients. Somatic mutations in the ESR1 (estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)) gene ligand-binding domain (LBD) represent a recognized mechanism of acquired resistance. Antiestrogens with improved efficacy versus tamoxifen might overcome the resistant phenotype in ER +breast cancers. Bazedoxifene (BZA) is a potent antiestrogen that is clinically approved for use in hormone replacement therapies. We found that BZA possesses improved inhibitory potency against the Y537S and D538G ERα mutants compared to tamoxifen and has additional inhibitory activity in combination with the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib. In addition, comprehensive biophysical and structural biology studies show BZA’s selective estrogen receptor degrading (SERD) properties that override the stabilizing effects of the Y537S and D538G ERα mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean W Fanning
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Rinath Jeselsohn
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
| | | | - Christopher G Mayne
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Center for Biophysics and Computational Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, United States
| | - Mostafa Karimi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, TEES-AgriLife Center for Bioinformatics and Genomic Systems Engineering, Texas A&M University, Texas, United States
| | - Gilles Buchwalter
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
| | - René Houtman
- PamGene International BV, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - Weiyi Toy
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States
| | - Colin E Fowler
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Ross Han
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Muriel Lainé
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Kathryn E Carlson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, United States
| | - Teresa A Martin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, United States
| | - Jason Nowak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
| | - Jerome C Nwachukwu
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, United States
| | - David J Hosfield
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Sarat Chandarlapaty
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States
| | - Emad Tajkhorshid
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Center for Biophysics and Computational Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, United States
| | - Kendall W Nettles
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, United States
| | - Patrick R Griffin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, United States
| | - Yang Shen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, TEES-AgriLife Center for Bioinformatics and Genomic Systems Engineering, Texas A&M University, Texas, United States
| | | | - Myles Brown
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States
| | - Geoffrey L Greene
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
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Triiodothyronine Promotes Cell Proliferation of Breast Cancer via Modulating miR-204/Amphiregulin. Pathol Oncol Res 2018; 25:653-658. [PMID: 30406874 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-018-0525-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) severely threatens women's life, and Triiodothyronine (T3) shows a positive role on BC cell proliferation, while the potential mechanism underlying it is still unclear. T3 was used to stimulate BC cell lines MCF-7 and T47-D. Real-time PCR was performed to determine the expression of miRNAs, while western blot was used to measure protein expression of Amphiregulin (AREG), AKT and p-AKT. The interaction between miR-204 and AREG was determined using luciferase reporter assay. MTT was performed to detect cell viability. The expression of miR-204 was decreased, while AREG and p-AKT was increased in T3 stimulated BC cell lines. T3 stimulation promoted cell viability. miR-204 targets AREG to regulate its expression. T3 promoted expression of AREG and p-AKT, while miR-204 overexpression reversed the effect of T3, however, pcDNA-AREG transfection abolished the effect of miR-204 mimic. T3 promoted cell viability of BC cells via modulating the AKT signaling pathway. The detailed mechanism was that the down-regulated miR-204 that induced by T3 stimulation promoted the expression of AREG, the up-regulated AREG activated AKT signaling pathway, while the activated AKT signaling promoted cell proliferation.
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40
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Nicolini A, Ferrari P, Rossi G, Carpi A. Tumour growth and immune evasion as targets for a new strategy in advanced cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2018; 25:R577–R604. [PMID: 30306784 DOI: 10.1530/erc-18-0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
It has become clearer that advanced cancer, especially advanced breast cancer, is an entirely displayed pathological system that is much more complex than previously considered. However, the direct relationship between tumour growth and immune evasion can represent a general rule governing the pathological cancer system from the initial cancer cells to when the system is entirely displayed. Accordingly, a refined pathobiological model and a novel therapeutic strategy are proposed. The novel therapeutic strategy is based on therapeutically induced conditions (undetectable tumour burden and/or a prolonged tumour ‘resting state’), which enable an efficacious immune response in advanced breast and other types of solid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Nicolini
- Department of Oncology, Transplantations and New Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Ferrari
- Department of Oncology, Transplantations and New Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rossi
- Unit of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Council of Research, Pisa, Italy
| | - Angelo Carpi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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41
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Ji S, Xin H, Li Y, Su EJ. FMS-like tyrosine kinase 1 (FLT1) is a key regulator of fetoplacental endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis. Placenta 2018; 70:7-14. [PMID: 30316329 PMCID: PMC6342273 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fetoplacental angiogenesis plays a vital role in pregnancy outcome. Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) is one major regulator of angiogenesis. It primarily binds to FMS-like tyrosine kinase (FLT1) and kinase insert domain receptor (KDR). In most vascular beds, KDR appears to be the main mediator of angiogenesis. However, the role of both receptors within the human placenta remains unknown. METHODS Human fetoplacental ECs were isolated/cultured from placentas of full-term, uncomplicated pregnancies after scheduled Cesarean section. Cells were subjected to RNA interference of either FLT1 or KDR followed by MTT, wound scratch, and tube formation assays. ECs were serum-starved after RNA interference and treated with VEGFA (60 ng/ml), then subjected to western blot to investigate FLT1 or KDR-mediated signaling. All experiments were performed in triplicate utilizing ECs from at least three separate subjects. One-way ANOVA with Tukey post-hoc testing was utilized for statistical analysis. RESULTS Significant knock-down of FLT1 and KDR was confirmed by qPCR (p < 0.01) and WB (p < 0.0001). KDR knock-down decreased EC metabolic activity (p < 0.01), and FLT1 ablation unexpectedly increased EC proliferation (p < 0.01). There was no difference in apoptosis regardless of FLT-1 or KDR knock-down. FLT1 knock-down significantly impaired wound scratch closure (p < 0.0001) and tube formation (p < 0.001). Surprisingly, KDR effects on EC metabolism had no effect on migration, although KDR was important in VEGFA-stimulated Akt and ERK activation. In contrast, FLT1 effects on EC motility were Akt and ERK-independent. CONCLUSION Human fetoplacental EC migration is primarily regulated by FLT1 but not KDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhan Ji
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Hong Xin
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Yingchun Li
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Emily J Su
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA; Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
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42
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Traboulsi T, El Ezzy M, Dumeaux V, Audemard E, Mader S. Role of SUMOylation in differential ERα transcriptional repression by tamoxifen and fulvestrant in breast cancer cells. Oncogene 2018; 38:1019-1037. [PMID: 30190545 PMCID: PMC6514857 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0468-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Antiestrogens (AEs) are widely used for treatment of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)-positive breast cancer, but display variable degrees of partial agonism in estrogen target tissues and breast cancer (BC) cells. The fact that BC cells resistant to selective ER modulators (SERMs) like tamoxifen (Tam) can still be sensitive to pure AEs, also called selective ER downregulators, suggests different mechanisms of action, some of which may contribute to the more complete suppression of estrogen target genes by pure AEs. We report herein that pure AEs such as fulvestrant induce transient binding of ERα to DNA, followed by rapid release after 30–40 min without loss of nuclear localization. Loss of DNA binding preceded receptor degradation and was not prevented by proteasome inhibition. Chromatin was less accessible in the presence of fulvestrant than with estradiol or Tam as early as 20 min following treatment, suggesting that chromatin remodeling by pure AEs at ERα target regions prevents transcription in spite of receptor binding. SUMO2/3 marks were detected on chromatin at the peak of ERα binding in cells treated with pure AEs, but not SERMs. Furthermore, decreasing SUMOylation by overexpressing the deSUMOylase SENP1 significantly delayed receptor release from DNA and de-repressed expression of estrogen target genes in the presence of fulvestrant, both in ERα-expressing MCF-7 cells and in transiently transfected ER-negative SK-BR-3 cells. Finally, mutation V534E, identified in a breast metastasis resistant to hormonal therapies, prevented ERα modification and resulted in increased transcriptional activity of estrogen target genes in the presence of fulvestrant in SK-BR-3 cells. Together, our results establish a role for SUMOylation in achieving a more complete transcriptional shut-off of estrogen target genes by pure AEs vs. SERMs in BC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Traboulsi
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Mohamed El Ezzy
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Vanessa Dumeaux
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada.,PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montréal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Eric Audemard
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Sylvie Mader
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada.
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43
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Papachristou EK, Kishore K, Holding AN, Harvey K, Roumeliotis TI, Chilamakuri CSR, Omarjee S, Chia KM, Swarbrick A, Lim E, Markowetz F, Eldridge M, Siersbaek R, D'Santos CS, Carroll JS. A quantitative mass spectrometry-based approach to monitor the dynamics of endogenous chromatin-associated protein complexes. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2311. [PMID: 29899353 PMCID: PMC5998130 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04619-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the dynamics of endogenous protein-protein interactions in complex networks is pivotal in deciphering disease mechanisms. To enable the in-depth analysis of protein interactions in chromatin-associated protein complexes, we have previously developed a method termed RIME (Rapid Immunoprecipitation Mass spectrometry of Endogenous proteins). Here, we present a quantitative multiplexed method (qPLEX-RIME), which integrates RIME with isobaric labelling and tribrid mass spectrometry for the study of protein interactome dynamics in a quantitative fashion with increased sensitivity. Using the qPLEX-RIME method, we delineate the temporal changes of the Estrogen Receptor alpha (ERα) interactome in breast cancer cells treated with 4-hydroxytamoxifen. Furthermore, we identify endogenous ERα-associated proteins in human Patient-Derived Xenograft tumours and in primary human breast cancer clinical tissue. Our results demonstrate that the combination of RIME with isobaric labelling offers a powerful tool for the in-depth and quantitative characterisation of protein interactome dynamics, which is applicable to clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia K Papachristou
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Kamal Kishore
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Andrew N Holding
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Kate Harvey
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | | | | | - Soleilmane Omarjee
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Kee Ming Chia
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Alex Swarbrick
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Elgene Lim
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Florian Markowetz
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Matthew Eldridge
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Rasmus Siersbaek
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK.
| | - Clive S D'Santos
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK. Clive.D'
| | - Jason S Carroll
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK.
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44
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Augusto TV, Correia-da-Silva G, Rodrigues CMP, Teixeira N, Amaral C. Acquired resistance to aromatase inhibitors: where we stand! Endocr Relat Cancer 2018. [PMID: 29530940 DOI: 10.1530/erc-17-0425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are one of the principal therapeutic approaches for estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer in postmenopausal women. They block estrogen biosynthesis through aromatase inhibition, thus preventing tumour progression. Besides the therapeutic success of the third-generation AIs, acquired resistance may develop, leading to tumour relapse. This resistance is thought to be the result of a change in the behaviour of ER in these breast cancer cells, presumably by PI3K/AKT pathway enhancement along with alterations in other signalling pathways. Nevertheless, biological mechanisms, such as apoptosis, autophagy, cell cycle modulation and activation of androgen receptor (AR), are also implicated in acquired resistance. Moreover, clinical evidence demonstrated that there is a lack of cross-resistance among AIs, although the reason is not fully understood. Thus, there is a demand to understand the mechanisms involved in endocrine resistance to each AI, since the search for new strategies to surpass breast cancer acquired resistance is of major concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Vieira Augusto
- UCIBIO.REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Georgina Correia-da-Silva
- UCIBIO.REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cecília M P Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Natércia Teixeira
- UCIBIO.REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Amaral
- UCIBIO.REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Jallow F, Brockman JL, Helzer KT, Rugowski DE, Goffin V, Alarid ET, Schuler LA. 17 β-Estradiol and ICI182,780 Differentially Regulate STAT5 Isoforms in Female Mammary Epithelium, With Distinct Outcomes. J Endocr Soc 2018; 2:293-309. [PMID: 29594259 PMCID: PMC5842396 DOI: 10.1210/js.2017-00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolactin (PRL) and estrogen cooperate in lobuloalveolar development of the mammary gland and jointly regulate gene expression in breast cancer cells in vitro. Canonical PRL signaling activates STAT5A/B, homologous proteins that have different target genes and functions. Although STAT5A/B are important for physiological mammary function and tumor pathophysiology, little is known about regulation of their expression, particularly of STAT5B, and the consequences for hormone action. In this study, we examined the effect of two estrogenic ligands, 17β-estradiol (E2) and the clinical antiestrogen, ICI182,780 (ICI, fulvestrant) on expression of STAT5 isoforms and resulting crosstalk with PRL in normal and tumor murine mammary epithelial cell lines. In all cell lines, E2 and ICI significantly increased protein and corresponding nascent and mature transcripts for STAT5A and STAT5B, respectively. Transcriptional regulation of STAT5A and STAT5B by E2 and ICI, respectively, is associated with recruitment of estrogen receptor alpha and increased H3K27Ac at a common intronic enhancer 10 kb downstream of the Stat5a transcription start site. Further, E2 and ICI induced different transcripts associated with differentiation and tumor behavior. In tumor cells, E2 also significantly increased proliferation, invasion, and stem cell-like activity, whereas ICI had no effect. To evaluate the role of STAT5B in these responses, we reduced STAT5B expression using short hairpin (sh) RNA. shSTAT5B blocked ICI-induced transcripts associated with metastasis and the epithelial mesenchymal transition in both cell types. shSTAT5B also blocked E2-induced invasion of tumor epithelium without altering E2-induced transcripts. Together, these studies indicate that STAT5B mediates a subset of protumorigenic responses to both E2 and ICI, underscoring the need to understand regulation of its expression and suggesting exploration as a possible therapeutic target in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatou Jallow
- Endocrinology/Reproductive Physiology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Jennifer L Brockman
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Kyle T Helzer
- Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Debra E Rugowski
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Vincent Goffin
- Inserm Unit 1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Elaine T Alarid
- Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- University of Wisconsin Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Linda A Schuler
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- University of Wisconsin Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
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46
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Mehta LS, Watson KE, Barac A, Beckie TM, Bittner V, Cruz-Flores S, Dent S, Kondapalli L, Ky B, Okwuosa T, Piña IL, Volgman AS. Cardiovascular Disease and Breast Cancer: Where These Entities Intersect: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2018; 137:e30-e66. [PMID: 29437116 PMCID: PMC6722327 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 468] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of mortality in women, yet many people perceive breast cancer to be the number one threat to women's health. CVD and breast cancer have several overlapping risk factors, such as obesity and smoking. Additionally, current breast cancer treatments can have a negative impact on cardiovascular health (eg, left ventricular dysfunction, accelerated CVD), and for women with pre-existing CVD, this might influence cancer treatment decisions by both the patient and the provider. Improvements in early detection and treatment of breast cancer have led to an increasing number of breast cancer survivors who are at risk of long-term cardiac complications from cancer treatments. For older women, CVD poses a greater mortality threat than breast cancer itself. This is the first scientific statement from the American Heart Association on CVD and breast cancer. This document will provide a comprehensive overview of the prevalence of these diseases, shared risk factors, the cardiotoxic effects of therapy, and the prevention and treatment of CVD in breast cancer patients.
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47
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Raap M, Gronewold M, Christgen H, Glage S, Bentires-Alj M, Koren S, Derksen PW, Boelens M, Jonkers J, Lehmann U, Feuerhake F, Kuehnle E, Gluz O, Kates R, Nitz U, Harbeck N, Kreipe HH, Christgen M. Lobular carcinoma in situ and invasive lobular breast cancer are characterized by enhanced expression of transcription factor AP-2β. J Transl Med 2018; 98:117-129. [PMID: 29035379 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2017.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor AP-2β (TFAP2B) regulates embryonic organ development and is overexpressed in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, a rare childhood malignancy. Gene expression profiling has implicated AP-2β in breast cancer (BC). This study characterizes AP-2β expression in the mammary gland and in BC. AP-2β protein expression was assessed in the normal mammary gland epithelium, in various reactive, metaplastic and pre-invasive neoplastic lesions and in two clinical BC cohorts comprising >2000 patients. BCs from various genetically engineered mouse (GEM) models were also evaluated. Human BC cell lines served as functional models to study siRNA-mediated inhibition of AP-2β. The normal mammary gland epithelium showed scattered AP-2β-positive cells in the luminal cell layer. Various reactive and pre-invasive neoplastic lesions, including apocrine metaplasia, usual ductal hyperplasia and lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) showed enhanced AP-2β expression. Cases of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) were more often AP-2β-negative (P<0.001). In invasive BC cohorts, AP-2β-positivity was associated with the lobular BC subtype (P<0.001), loss of E-cadherin (P<0.001), a positive estrogen receptor (ER) status (P<0.001), low Ki67 (P<0.001), low/intermediate Oncotype DX recurrence scores (P<0.001), and prolonged event-free survival (P=0.003). BCs from GEM models were all AP-2β-negative. In human BC cell lines, AP-2β expression was independent from ER-signaling. SiRNA-mediated inhibition of AP-2β diminished proliferation of lobular BC cell lines in vitro. In summary, AP-2β is a new mammary epithelial differentiation marker. Its expression is preferentially retained and enhanced in LCIS and invasive lobular BC and has prognostic implications. Our findings indicate that AP-2β controls tumor cell proliferation in this slow-growing BC subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieke Raap
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Malte Gronewold
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Silke Glage
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mohammad Bentires-Alj
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Shany Koren
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Patrick W Derksen
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam Boelens
- Division of Molecular Pathology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Jonkers
- Division of Molecular Pathology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ulrich Lehmann
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Elna Kuehnle
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Oleg Gluz
- West German Study Group, Moenchengladbach, Germany.,Breast Center Niederrhein, Evangelic Bethesda Hospital, Moenchengladbach, Germany
| | - Ronald Kates
- West German Study Group, Moenchengladbach, Germany
| | - Ulrike Nitz
- West German Study Group, Moenchengladbach, Germany.,Breast Center Niederrhein, Evangelic Bethesda Hospital, Moenchengladbach, Germany
| | - Nadia Harbeck
- West German Study Group, Moenchengladbach, Germany.,Breast Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans H Kreipe
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Lee GA, Hwang KA, Choi KC. Inhibitory effects of 3,3′-diindolylmethane on epithelial-mesenchymal transition induced by endocrine disrupting chemicals in cellular and xenograft mouse models of breast cancer. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 109:284-295. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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49
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Young J, Kawaguchi T, Yan L, Qi Q, Liu S, Takabe K. Tamoxifen sensitivity-related microRNA-342 is a useful biomarker for breast cancer survival. Oncotarget 2017; 8:99978-99989. [PMID: 29245954 PMCID: PMC5725145 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as one of the crucial regulators of cancer progression. Some miRNAs are reported to be related to the response of breast cancer to tamoxifen (TAM). In this study, we investigated whether the levels of TAM response-related miRNAs translate to patient survival. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets were used and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was performed. Four TAM response-related miRNAs, miR-221, miR-222, miR-342, and miR-451, were identified by literature search. Patients with high expression of miR-342, related to TAM sensitivity, were associated with better survival in TCGA cohort (Overall Survival (OS), p=0.02; Disease Free Survival (DFS), p=0.03, respectively), and in two other independent GEO cohorts (OS, p=0.02 and p=0.0007, respectively). High expression of miR-342 was associated with significantly better survival in ER-positive patients (p=0.04), but not in ER-negative or triple-negative patients. Surprisingly, high expression of miR-451, reported to increase the sensitivity to TAM, was associated with worse survival (p=0.002). MiR-221 and miR-222 did not show any significance in survival. Lastly, GSEA demonstrated that lower miR-342 expression was significantly associated with the enrichment of TAM resistance-related gene expression, and higher miR-342 expression with TAM sensitivity-related gene expression, but miR-221, miR-222 and miR-451 were not. For the first time, we used “big data” from TCGA and GEO cohorts to analyze multiple miRNAs with respect to survival impact and TAM sensitivities. We demonstrated that TAM sensitivity-related miR-342 could be a promising biomarker, especially in luminal type breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Young
- Breast Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.,Department of Surgery, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Tsutomu Kawaguchi
- Breast Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Qianya Qi
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Kazuaki Takabe
- Breast Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.,Department of Surgery, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
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50
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Fortunati N, Guaraldi F, Zunino V, Penner F, D'Angelo V, Zenga F, Pecori Giraldi F, Catalano MG, Arvat E. Effects of environmental pollutants on signaling pathways in rat pituitary GH3 adenoma cells. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 158:660-668. [PMID: 28732322 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
An increased rate of acromegaly was reported in industrialized areas, suggesting an involvement of environmental pollutants in the pathogenesis and behavior of GH-secreting pituitary adenomas. Based on these premises, the aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of some widely diffused pollutants (i.e. benzene, BZ; bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, DEHP and polychlorinated biphenyls, PCB) on growth hormone secretion, the somatostatin and estrogenic pathways, viability and proliferation of rat GH-producing pituitary adenoma (GH3) cells. All the pollutants induced a statistically significant increase in GH secretion and interfered with cell signaling. They all modulated the expression of SSTR2 and ZAC1, involved in the somatostatin signaling, and the expression of the transcription factor FOXA1, involved in the estrogen receptor signaling. Moreover, all the pollutants increased the expression of the CYP1A1, suggesting AHR pathway activation. None of the pollutants impacted on cell proliferation or viability. Present data demonstrate that exposure to different pollutants, used at in vivo relevant concentrations, plays an important role in the behavior of GH3 pituitary adenoma cells, by increasing GH secretion and modulating several cellular signaling pathways. These observations support a possible influence of different pollutants in vivo on the GH-adenoma aggressiveness and biological behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Fortunati
- Division of Oncological Endocrinology, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, I-10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Federica Guaraldi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, I-10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Zunino
- Division of Oncological Endocrinology, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, I-10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Federica Penner
- Division of Neurosurgery, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, I-10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina D'Angelo
- Division of Oncological Endocrinology, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, I-10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Zenga
- Division of Neurosurgery, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, I-10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Pecori Giraldi
- Neuroendocrinology Research Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Cusano Milanino, (MI), Italy and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, I-20149 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Emanuela Arvat
- Division of Oncological Endocrinology, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, I-10126 Turin, Italy; Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, I-10126 Turin, Italy.
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