1
|
Wu Y, Wang J, Zhao J, Su Y, Li X, Chen Z, Wu X, Huang S, He X, Liang L. LTR retrotransposon-derived LncRNA LINC01446 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression and angiogenesis by regulating the SRPK2/SRSF1/VEGF axis. Cancer Lett 2024; 598:217088. [PMID: 38945203 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.217088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The causal link between long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposon-derived lncRNAs and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains elusive and whether these cancer-exclusive lncRNAs contribute to the effectiveness of current HCC therapies is yet to explore. Here, we investigated the activation of LTR retrotransposon-derived lncRNAs in a broad range of liver diseases. We found that LTR retrotransposon-derived lncRNAs are mainly activated in HCC and is correlated with the proliferation status of HCC. Furthermore, we discovered that an LTR retrotransposon-derived lncRNA, LINC01446, exhibits specific expression in HCC. HCC patients with higher LINC01446 expression had shorter overall survival times. In vitro and in vivo assays showed that LINC01446 promoted HCC growth and angiogenesis. Mechanistically, LINC01446 bound to serine/arginine protein kinase 2 (SRPK2) and activated its downstream target, serine/arginine splicing factor 1 (SRSF1). Furthermore, activation of the SRPK2-SRSF1 axis increased the splicing and expression of VEGF isoform A165 (VEGFA165). Notably, inhibiting LINC01446 expression dramatically impaired tumor growth in vivo and resulted in better therapeutic outcomes when combined with antiangiogenic agents. In addition, we found that the transcription factor MESI2 bound to the cryptic MLT2B3 LTR promoter and drove LINC01446 transcription in HCC cells. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that LTR retrotransposon-derived LINC01446 promotes the progression of HCC by activating the SRPK2/SRSF1/VEGFA165 axis and highlight targeting LINC01446 as a potential therapeutic strategy for HCC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yangjun Wu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Su
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinrong Li
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiao Chen
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohua Wu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shenglin Huang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, China
| | - Xianghuo He
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Linhui Liang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kolay S, Das M, Mondal A, Sengupta A, Bag S, De P, Molla MR. Enzyme-Triggered Degradation of Supramolecularly Cross-Linked Polymersomes of Azobenzene-Based Polyurethane: Cell-Selective Anticancer Drug Release. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:5068-5080. [PMID: 39041235 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Enzyme-responsive self-assembled nanostructures for drug delivery applications have gained a lot of attention, as enzymes exhibit dysregulation in many disease-associated microenvironments. Azoreductase enzyme levels are strongly elevated in many tumor tissues; hence, here, we exploited the altered enzyme activity of the azoreductase enzyme and designed a main-chain azobenzene-based amphiphilic polyurethane, which self-assembles into a vesicular nanostructure and is programmed to disassemble in response to a specific enzyme, azoreductase, with the help of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) coenzyme in the hypoxic environment of solid tumors. The vesicular nanostructure sequesters, stabilizes the hydrophobic anticancer drug, and releases the drug in a controlled fashion in response to enzyme-triggered degradation of azo-bonds and disruption of vesicular assembly. The biological evaluation revealed tumor extracellular matrix pH-induced surface charge modulation, selective activated cellular uptake to azoreductase overexpressed lung cancer cells (A549), and the release of the anticancer drug followed by cell death. In contrast, the benign nature of the drug-loaded vesicular nanostructure toward normal cells (H9c2) suggested excellent cell specificity. We envision that the main-chain azobenzene-based polyurethane discussed in this manuscript could be considered as a possible selective chemotherapeutic cargo against the azoreductase overexpressed cancer cells while shielding the normal cells from off-target toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Kolay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Madhuchhanda Das
- Department of Life Science & Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, 188, Raja S. C. M Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Arun Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Arunima Sengupta
- Department of Life Science & Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, 188, Raja S. C. M Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Sagar Bag
- Department of Chemical Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohanpur, Nadia, Kolkata, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Priyadarsi De
- Department of Chemical Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohanpur, Nadia, Kolkata, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Mijanur Rahaman Molla
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
de Souza Viol LC, Liberto Silva NA, Cerceau CI, de Andrade Barros MV, Siqueira RP, Sousa Gonçalves VH, Bressan GC, Fernandes SA, Alvarenga ES, Teixeira RR. NMR analysis, cytotoxic activity and theoretical study of a complex between SRPIN340 and p-sulfonic acid calix[6]arene. Future Med Chem 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38949866 DOI: 10.1080/17568919.2024.2366690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to enhance the aqueous dissolution of SRPK inhibitor N-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)isonicotinamide (SRPIN340). Materials & Methods: A complex with p-sulfonic calix[6]arene (Host) and SRPIN340 (Guest) was prepared, studied via 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and theoretical calculations and biologically evaluated on cancer cell lines. Results & conclusion: The 1:1 host (H)/guest (G) complex significantly enhanced the aqueous dissolution of SRPIN340, achieving 64.8% water solubility as determined by 1H NMR quantification analysis. The H/G complex reduced cell viability by 75% for HL60, ∼50% for Nalm6 and Jurkat, and ∼30% for B16F10 cells. It exhibited greater cytotoxicity than free SRPIN340 against Jurkat and B16F10 cells. Theoretical studies indicated hydrogen bond stabilization of the complex, suggesting broader applicability of SRPIN340 across diverse biological systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Raoni Pais Siqueira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
| | - Victor Hugo Sousa Gonçalves
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Costa Bressan
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cai G, Bao Y, Li Q, Hsu PH, Xia J, Ngo JCK. Design of a covalent protein-protein interaction inhibitor of SRPKs to suppress angiogenesis and invasion of cancer cells. Commun Chem 2024; 7:144. [PMID: 38937565 PMCID: PMC11211491 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-024-01230-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Serine-arginine (SR) proteins are splicing factors that play essential roles in both constitutive and alternative pre-mRNA splicing. Phosphorylation of their C-terminal RS domains by SR protein kinases (SRPKs) regulates their localization and diverse cellular activities. Dysregulation of phosphorylation has been implicated in many human diseases, including cancers. Here, we report the development of a covalent protein-protein interaction inhibitor, C-DBS, that targets a lysine residue within the SRPK-specific docking groove to block the interaction and phosphorylation of the prototypic SR protein SRSF1. C-DBS exhibits high specificity and conjugation efficiency both in vitro and in cellulo. This self-cell-penetrating inhibitor attenuates the phosphorylation of endogenous SR proteins and subsequently inhibits the angiogenesis, migration, and invasion of cancer cells. These findings provide a new foundation for the development of covalent SRPK inhibitors for combatting diseases such as cancer and viral infections and overcoming the resistance encountered by ATP-competitive inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gongli Cai
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yishu Bao
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qingyun Li
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Pang-Hung Hsu
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
- Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiang Xia
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jacky Chi Ki Ngo
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Center for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Center of Novel Biomaterials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Center for Protein Science and Crystallography, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hogg EKJ, Findlay GM. Functions of SRPK, CLK and DYRK kinases in stem cells, development, and human developmental disorders. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:2375-2415. [PMID: 37607329 PMCID: PMC10952393 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Human developmental disorders encompass a wide range of debilitating physical conditions and intellectual disabilities. Perturbation of protein kinase signalling underlies the development of some of these disorders. For example, disrupted SRPK signalling is associated with intellectual disabilities, and the gene dosage of DYRKs can dictate the pathology of disorders including Down's syndrome. Here, we review the emerging roles of the CMGC kinase families SRPK, CLK, DYRK, and sub-family HIPK during embryonic development and in developmental disorders. In particular, SRPK, CLK, and DYRK kinase families have key roles in developmental signalling and stem cell regulation, and can co-ordinate neuronal development and function. Genetic studies in model organisms reveal critical phenotypes including embryonic lethality, sterility, musculoskeletal errors, and most notably, altered neurological behaviours arising from defects of the neuroectoderm and altered neuronal signalling. Further unpicking the mechanisms of specific kinases using human stem cell models of neuronal differentiation and function will improve our understanding of human developmental disorders and may provide avenues for therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K. J. Hogg
- The MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeUK
| | - Greg M. Findlay
- The MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeUK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chowdhury I, Dashi G, Keskitalo S. CMGC Kinases in Health and Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3838. [PMID: 37568654 PMCID: PMC10417348 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
CMGC kinases, encompassing cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), glycogen synthase kinases (GSKs), and CDC-like kinases (CLKs), play pivotal roles in cellular signaling pathways, including cell cycle regulation, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and gene expression regulation. The dysregulation and aberrant activation of these kinases have been implicated in cancer development and progression, making them attractive therapeutic targets. In recent years, kinase inhibitors targeting CMGC kinases, such as CDK4/6 inhibitors and BRAF/MEK inhibitors, have demonstrated clinical success in treating specific cancer types. However, challenges remain, including resistance to kinase inhibitors, off-target effects, and the need for better patient stratification. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the importance of CMGC kinases in cancer biology, their involvement in cellular signaling pathways, protein-protein interactions, and the current state of kinase inhibitors targeting these kinases. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges and future perspectives in targeting CMGC kinases for cancer therapy, including potential strategies to overcome resistance, the development of more selective inhibitors, and novel therapeutic approaches, such as targeting protein-protein interactions, exploiting synthetic lethality, and the evolution of omics in the study of the human kinome. As our understanding of the molecular mechanisms and protein-protein interactions involving CMGC kinases expands, so too will the opportunities for the development of more selective and effective therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iftekhar Chowdhury
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (I.C.)
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Giovanna Dashi
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (I.C.)
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Salla Keskitalo
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (I.C.)
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Araki S, Ohori M, Yugami M. Targeting pre-mRNA splicing in cancers: roles, inhibitors, and therapeutic opportunities. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1152087. [PMID: 37342192 PMCID: PMC10277747 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1152087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has indicated that pre-mRNA splicing plays critical roles in a variety of physiological processes, including development of multiple diseases. In particular, alternative splicing is profoundly involved in cancer progression through abnormal expression or mutation of splicing factors. Small-molecule splicing modulators have recently attracted considerable attention as a novel class of cancer therapeutics, and several splicing modulators are currently being developed for the treatment of patients with various cancers and are in the clinical trial stage. Novel molecular mechanisms modulating alternative splicing have proven to be effective for treating cancer cells resistant to conventional anticancer drugs. Furthermore, molecular mechanism-based combination strategies and patient stratification strategies for cancer treatment targeting pre-mRNA splicing must be considered for cancer therapy in the future. This review summarizes recent progress in the relationship between druggable splicing-related molecules and cancer, highlights small-molecule splicing modulators, and discusses future perspectives of splicing modulation for personalized and combination therapies in cancer treatment.
Collapse
|
8
|
Pimentel DC, Leopoldo JR, Teixeira LF, Barros MVDA, de Souza APM, Onofre TS, de Carvalho RL, Machado SA, Messias IG, Pinto CCDS, Poleto MD, Diogo MA, Mariotini-Moura C, Bressan GC, Teixeira RR, Fietto JLR, Vasconcellos RDS. First evidence of a serine arginine protein kinase (SRPK) in leishmania braziliensis and its potential as therapeutic target. Acta Trop 2023; 238:106801. [PMID: 36563831 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease found in tropical and subtropical regions around the world, caused by parasites of the genus Leishmania. The disease is a public health concern and presents clinical manifestations that can cause death, disability, and mutilation. The parasite has promastigote (vector) and amastigote (vertebrate host) forms and kinase enzymes are involved in this differentiation process. In the present investigation, we show, for the first time, evidence of a serine/arginine protein kinase in Leshmania braziliensis (LbSRPK). Our results show that amastigotes express more LbSRPK than promastigotes. Analogues of SRPIN340 (a known inhibitor of SRPK) were evaluated for their leishmanicidal activity and two of them, namely SRVIC22 and SRVIC32 showed important leishmanicidal activity in vitro. SRVIC22 and SRVIC32 were able to reduce the infection rate in macrophages and the number of intracellular amastigotes by 55 and 60%, respectively. Bioinformatics analysis revealed the existence of two different amino acid residues in the active site of LbSRPK compared to their human homologue (Tyr/Leu-and Ser/Tyr), which could explain the absence of leishmanicidal activity of SRPIN340 on infected macrophages. In order to enhance leishmanicidal activity of the analogues, optimizations were proposed in the structures of the ligands, suggesting strong interactions with the catalytic site of LbSRPK. Although the evidence on the action of inhibitors upon LbSRPK is only indirect, our studies not only reveal, for the first time, evidence of a SRPK in Leishmania, but also shed light on a new therapeutic target for drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Débora Cristina Pimentel
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P. H. Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, CEP, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Juliana Rodrigues Leopoldo
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P. H. Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, CEP, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Leilane Ferreira Teixeira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P. H. Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, CEP, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinícius de Andrade Barros
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P. H. Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, CEP, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Martins de Souza
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P. H. Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, CEP, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Thiago Souza Onofre
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rayane Luiza de Carvalho
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P. H. Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, CEP, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Sara Andrade Machado
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P. H. Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, CEP, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Isabelly Gonçalves Messias
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P. H. Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, CEP, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Carla Cristina de Souza Pinto
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P. H. Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, CEP, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Depolo Poleto
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P. H. Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, CEP, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Marcel Arruda Diogo
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P. H. Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, CEP, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Christiane Mariotini-Moura
- FAMINAS Muriaé, Bairro Universitário Muriaé, Av. Cristiano Ferreira Varella, 655, CEP, MG 36888-233, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Costa Bressan
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P. H. Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, CEP, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Robson Ricardo Teixeira
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P. H. Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, CEP, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Juliana Lopes Rangel Fietto
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P. H. Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, CEP, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Raphael de Souza Vasconcellos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P. H. Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, CEP, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
He C, Liu B, Wang HY, Wu L, Zhao G, Huang C, Liu Y, Shan B, Liu L. Inhibition of SRPK1, a key splicing regulator, exhibits antitumor and chemotherapeutic-sensitizing effects on extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma cells. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:1100. [PMID: 36303126 PMCID: PMC9609466 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10158-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing evidence has convincingly shown that abnormal pre-mRNA splicing is implicated in the development of most human malignancies. Serine/arginine-rich protein kinase 1 (SRPK1), a key splicing regulator, is reported to be overexpressed in leukemia and other cancer types, which suggests the therapeutic potential of targeting SRPK1. Methods SRPK1 expression was measured in 41 ENKTL patients by immunohistochemistry and mRNA expression was analyzed by qRT‒PCR. We knocked down SRPK1 expression in the ENKTL cell line YT by siRNA transfection and inhibited SRPK1 using inhibitors (SPHINX31 and SRPIN340) in YT cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) isolated from ENKTL patients to investigate its role in cell proliferation and apoptosis. Then, RNA-seq analysis was performed to predict the potential signaling pathway by which SRPK1 inhibition induces cell death and further verified this prediction by Western blotting. Results In the present study, we initially evaluated the clinical significance of SRPK1 in extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL), a very aggressive subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The expression of SRPK1 in ENKLT patients was examined by immunohistochemistry and qRT‒PCR, which revealed SRPK1 overexpression in more than 60% of ENKTL specimens and its association with worse survival. Cellular experiments using the human ENKTL cell line YT and PBLs from ENKTL patients, demonstrated that inhibition of SRPK1 suppressed cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. Subsequently, we investigated the downstream targets of SRPK1 by RNA-seq analysis and found that SRPK1 inhibition induced ATF4/CHOP pathway activation and AKT1 inhibition. Furthermore, ENKTL patients presenting high SRPK1 expression showed resistance to cisplatin-based chemotherapy. The association of SRPK1 expression with cisplatin resistance was also confirmed in YT cells. SRPK1 overexpression via pLVX-SRPK1 plasmid transfection dramatically decreased the sensitivity of YT cells to cisplatin, while siRNA-mediated SRPK1 knockdown or SRPK1 inhibitor treatment significantly increased cisplatin cytotoxicity. Conclusion In summary, these results support that SRPK1 might be a useful clinical prognostic indicator and therapeutic target for ENKTL, especially for patients who relapse after cisplatin-based chemotherapies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-10158-6.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cuiying He
- grid.452582.cDepartment of Hematology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, NO.169, TianShan Street, Shijiazhuang, 050035 Hebei China ,Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Drug Resistance, Shijiazhuang, China ,grid.256883.20000 0004 1760 8442Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Beichen Liu
- grid.452582.cDepartment of Hematology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, NO.169, TianShan Street, Shijiazhuang, 050035 Hebei China ,Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Drug Resistance, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Huan-You Wang
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Lili Wu
- grid.452582.cDepartment of Hematology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, NO.169, TianShan Street, Shijiazhuang, 050035 Hebei China
| | - Guimin Zhao
- grid.452582.cDepartment of Hematology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, NO.169, TianShan Street, Shijiazhuang, 050035 Hebei China
| | - Chen Huang
- grid.452582.cDepartment of Hematology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, NO.169, TianShan Street, Shijiazhuang, 050035 Hebei China
| | - Yueping Liu
- grid.452582.cDepartment of Pathology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Baoen Shan
- grid.256883.20000 0004 1760 8442Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China ,grid.452582.cResearch Center and Tumor Research Institute, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lihong Liu
- grid.452582.cDepartment of Hematology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, NO.169, TianShan Street, Shijiazhuang, 050035 Hebei China ,Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Drug Resistance, Shijiazhuang, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Caetano MMM, Moreira GA, da Silva MR, Guimarães GR, Santos LDO, Pacheco ADA, Siqueira RP, Mendes FC, Marques Da Silva EDA, Junior AS, Rangel Fietto JL, Saito Â, Boroni M, Bressan GC. Impaired expression of serine/arginine protein kinase 2 (SRPK2) affects melanoma progression. Front Genet 2022; 13:979735. [PMID: 36212152 PMCID: PMC9537589 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.979735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most aggressive tumors, and its lethality is associated with the ability of malignant cells to migrate and invade surrounding tissues to colonize distant organs and to generate widespread metastasis. The serine/arginine protein kinases 1 and 2 (SRPK1 and SRPK2) are classically related to the control of pre-mRNA splicing through SR protein phosphorylation and have been found overexpressed in many types of cancer, including melanoma. Previously, we have demonstrated that the pharmacological inhibition of SRPKs impairs pulmonary colonization of metastatic melanoma in mice. As the used compounds could target at least both SRPK1 and SRPK2, here we sought to obtain additional clues regarding the involvement of these paralogs in melanoma progression. We analyzed single-cell RNA sequencing data of melanoma patient cohorts and found that SRPK2 expression in melanoma cells is associated with poor prognosis. Consistently, CRISPR-Cas9 genome targeting of SRPK2, but not SRPK1, impaired actin polymerization dynamics as well as the proliferative and invasive capacity of B16F10 cells in vitro. In further in vivo experiments, genetic targeting of SRPK2, but not SRPK1, reduced tumor progression in both subcutaneous and caudal vein melanoma induction models. Taken together, these findings suggest different functional roles for SRPK1/2 in metastatic melanoma and highlight the relevance of pursuing selective pharmacological inhibitors of SRPK2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriela Alves Moreira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Maria Roméria da Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Rapozo Guimarães
- Laboratório de Bioinformática e Biologia Computacional, Divisão de Pesquisa Experimental e Translacional, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leandro de Oliveira Santos
- Laboratório de Bioinformática e Biologia Computacional, Divisão de Pesquisa Experimental e Translacional, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Raoni Pais Siqueira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Flávia Carneiro Mendes
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Ângela Saito
- Laboratório Nacional de Biociências (LNBio), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Mariana Boroni
- Laboratório de Bioinformática e Biologia Computacional, Divisão de Pesquisa Experimental e Translacional, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Costa Bressan
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Gustavo Costa Bressan,
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Alves Moreira G, Maria Magalhães Caetano M, Alves do Vale J, Cerqueira de Paiva J, Hugo Sousa Gonçalves V, Andrade Almeida A, Viana Gomes Silva L, Rebellato Giordano Martim F, Vinícius de Andrade Barros M, Rapozo Guimarães G, de Oliveira Santos L, Paula Martins de Souza A, Machado-Neves M, Ricardo Teixeira R, Silva-Júnior A, Lopes Rangel Fietto J, Boroni M, Licursi de Oliveira L, Costa Bressan G. The SRPK inhibitor N-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl) isonicotinamide (SRPIN340) increases the immune response against metastatic melanoma in mice. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 203:115161. [PMID: 35787994 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Cancers have a strong relationship with immune cells in their microenvironment, which significantly influences tumor proliferation and progression. Thus, pharmacological strategies that stimulate the immune system to combat tumor cells are promising for better therapeutic efficacy. Deregulated expression of the splicing regulatory serine arginine protein kinases (mostly SRPK1 and SRPK2) has been found in different cancer types, leading to the expression of isoforms related to tumor growth and metastasis. The microenvironment of melanoma exhibits a strong presence of immune cells, which significantly influences tumor progression, and around 50% of cutaneous melanoma patients benefit from targeted immunotherapy. Here, we analyzed human malignant melanoma single-cell gene expression data and observed that SRPK1/2 overexpression correlates with immune system pathway alterations. In further analysis, we observed an increased presence of immune cells in biopsies from mice bearing metastatic melanoma treated with SRPIN340, a well-known SRPK1/2 pharmacological inhibitor. Local treatments increased the expression of proinflammatory cytokines at the tumor lesions and the activity of the spleen, accompanied by reduced pulmonary metastasis foci, edema formation, and alveolar congestion. In in vitro assays, SRPIN340 also potentiated immunological susceptibility, by increasing the expression of the antigen presenting MHCI and MHCII molecules and by increasing the ability of B16F10 cells to attract splenic cells in transwell assays. Taken together, these results reveal that the antimetastatic effect of SRPIN340 can also involve an increased immune response, which suggests additional functional clues for SRPKs in tumor biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Alves Moreira
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Alisson Andrade Almeida
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Lucas Viana Gomes Silva
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gabriela Rapozo Guimarães
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Division of Experimental and Translational Research, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Leandro de Oliveira Santos
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Division of Experimental and Translational Research, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mariana Boroni
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Division of Experimental and Translational Research, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Gustavo Costa Bressan
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nikolakaki E, Sigala I, Giannakouros T. Good Cop, Bad Cop: The Different Roles of SRPKs. Front Genet 2022; 13:902718. [PMID: 35719374 PMCID: PMC9202992 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.902718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
SR Protein Kinases (SRPKs), discovered approximately 30 years ago, are widely known as splice factor kinases due to their decisive involvement in the regulation of various steps of mRNA splicing. However, they were also shown to regulate diverse cellular activities by phosphorylation of serine residues residing in serine-arginine/arginine-serine dipeptide motifs. Over the last decade, SRPK1 has been reported as both tumor suppressor and promoter, depending on the cellular context and has been implicated in both chemotherapy sensitivity and resistance. Moreover, SRPK2 has been reported to exhibit contradictory functions in different cell contexts promoting either apoptosis or tumor growth. The aim of the current review is to broaden and deepen our understanding of the SRPK function focusing on the subcellular localization of the kinases. There is ample evidence that the balance between cytoplasmic and nuclear SRPK levels is tightly regulated and determines cell response to external signals. Specific cell states coupled to kinase levels, spatial specific interactions with substrates but also changes in the extent of phosphorylation that allow SRPKs to exhibit a rheostat-like control on their substrates, could decide the proliferative or antiproliferative role of SRPKs.
Collapse
|
13
|
Serine-Arginine Protein Kinase 1 (SRPK1): a systematic review of its multimodal role in oncogenesis. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:2451-2467. [PMID: 35583632 PMCID: PMC9499919 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04456-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Alternative splicing is implicated in each of the hallmarks of cancer, and is mechanised by various splicing factors. Serine-Arginine Protein Kinase 1 (SRPK1) is an enzyme which moderates the activity of splicing factors rich in serine/arginine domains. Here we review SRPK1’s relationship with various cancers by performing a systematic review of all relevant published data. Elevated SRPK1 expression correlates with advanced disease stage and poor survival in many epithelial derived cancers. Numerous pre-clinical studies investigating a host of different tumour types; have found increased SRPK1 expression to be associated with proliferation, invasion, migration and apoptosis in vitro as well as tumour growth, tumourigenicity and metastasis in vivo. Aberrant SRPK1 expression is implicated in various signalling pathways associated with oncogenesis, a number of which, such as the PI3K/AKT, NF-КB and TGF-Beta pathway, are implicated in multiple different cancers. SRPK1-targeting micro RNAs have been identified in a number of studies and shown to have an important role in regulating SRPK1 activity. SRPK1 expression is also closely related to the response of various tumours to platinum-based chemotherapeutic agents. Future clinical applications will likely focus on the role of SRPK1 as a biomarker of treatment resistance and the potential role of its inhibition.
Collapse
|
14
|
Brandt P, Gerwien F, Wagner L, Krüger T, Ramírez-Zavala B, Mirhakkak MH, Schäuble S, Kniemeyer O, Panagiotou G, Brakhage AA, Morschhäuser J, Vylkova S. Candida albicans SR-Like Protein Kinases Regulate Different Cellular Processes: Sky1 Is Involved in Control of Ion Homeostasis, While Sky2 Is Important for Dipeptide Utilization. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:850531. [PMID: 35601106 PMCID: PMC9121809 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.850531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinases play a crucial role in regulating cellular processes such as growth, proliferation, environmental adaptation and stress responses. Serine-arginine (SR) protein kinases are highly conserved in eukaryotes and regulate fundamental processes such as constitutive and alternative splicing, mRNA processing and ion homeostasis. The Candida albicans genome encodes two (Sky1, Sky2) and the Candida glabrata genome has one homolog (Sky1) of the human SR protein kinase 1, but their functions have not yet been investigated. We used deletion strains of the corresponding genes in both fungi to study their cellular functions. C. glabrata and C. albicans strains lacking SKY1 exhibited higher resistance to osmotic stress and toxic polyamine concentrations, similar to Saccharomyces cerevisiae sky1Δ mutants. Deletion of SKY2 in C. albicans resulted in impaired utilization of various dipeptides as the sole nitrogen source. Subsequent phosphoproteomic analysis identified the di- and tripeptide transporter Ptr22 as a potential Sky2 substrate. Sky2 seems to be involved in Ptr22 regulation since overexpression of PTR22 in the sky2Δ mutant restored the ability to grow on dipeptides and made the cells more susceptible to the dipeptide antifungals Polyoxin D and Nikkomycin Z. Altogether, our results demonstrate that C. albicans and C. glabrata Sky1 protein kinases are functionally similar to Sky1 in S. cerevisiae, whereas C. albicans Sky2, a unique kinase of the CTG clade, likely regulates dipeptide uptake via Ptr22.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Brandt
- Septomics Research Center, Friedrich Schiller University and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Franziska Gerwien
- Septomics Research Center, Friedrich Schiller University and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Lysett Wagner
- Septomics Research Center, Friedrich Schiller University and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Krüger
- Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Mohammad H. Mirhakkak
- Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Sascha Schäuble
- Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Olaf Kniemeyer
- Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Gianni Panagiotou
- Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
- Department of Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Axel A. Brakhage
- Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Joachim Morschhäuser
- Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Slavena Vylkova
- Septomics Research Center, Friedrich Schiller University and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
- *Correspondence: Slavena Vylkova,
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Dong Z, Chang X, Xie L, Wang Y, Hou Y. Increased expression of SRPK1 (serine/arginine-rich protein-specific kinase 1) is associated with progression and unfavorable prognosis in cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Bioengineered 2022; 13:6100-6112. [PMID: 35192432 PMCID: PMC8973769 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2034705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that SRPK1 (serine/arginine-rich protein-specific kinase 1) is involved in tumorigenesis and closely related to unfavorable outcomes. However, its expression pattern in cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CESC) remains uncovered. In this study, we initially investigated the clinical significance and function of SRPK1 in human CESC. Data mining and analysis on SRPK1 mRNA expression in CESC samples were conducted using TCGA database, which indicated that SRPK1 mRNA was significantly upregulated in CESC samples. Protein expression of SRPK1 was tested by immunohistochemistry in a retrospective cohort (n = 122), revealing a higher SRPK1 protein abundance in CESC specimens whose aberrant up-regulation was obviously related to worse survival. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis further confirmed the role of SRPK1 as an independent prognostic factor of CESC. Cellular experiments validated that SRPK1 may function through enhancing CESC proliferation, migration, and invasion. In conclusion, aberrant up-regulation of SRPK1 is remarkably related to progression and unfavorable prognosis of CESC, which can serve as a novel prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for CESC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanfei Dong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xuezhi Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yili Friendship Hospital, Yili, Xinjiang, China
| | - Li Xie
- Department of Radiation Gynecological Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yina Wang
- Department of Radiation Gynecological Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Youxiang Hou
- Department of Radiation Gynecological Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Naro C, De Musso M, Delle Monache F, Panzeri V, de la Grange P, Sette C. The oncogenic kinase NEK2 regulates an RBFOX2-dependent pro-mesenchymal splicing program in triple-negative breast cancer cells. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2021; 40:397. [PMID: 34930366 PMCID: PMC8686545 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02210-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most heterogeneous and malignant subtype of breast cancer (BC). TNBC is defined by the absence of expression of estrogen, progesterone and HER2 receptors and lacks efficacious targeted therapies. NEK2 is an oncogenic kinase that is significantly upregulated in TNBC, thereby representing a promising therapeutic target. NEK2 localizes in the nucleus and promotes oncogenic splice variants in different cancer cells. Notably, alternative splicing (AS) dysregulation has recently emerged as a featuring trait of TNBC that contributes to its aggressive phenotype. METHODS To investigate whether NEK2 modulates TNBC transcriptome we performed RNA-sequencing analyses in a representative TNBC cell line (MDA-MB-231) and results were validated in multiple TNBC cell lines. Bioinformatics and functional analyses were carried out to elucidate the mechanism of splicing regulation by NEK2. Data from The Cancer Genome Atlas were mined to evaluate the potential of NEK2-sensitive exons as markers to identify the TNBC subtype and to assess their prognostic value. RESULTS Transcriptome analysis revealed a widespread impact of NEK2 on the transcriptome of TNBC cells, with 1830 AS events that are susceptible to its expression. NEK2 regulates the inclusion of cassette exons in splice variants that discriminate TNBC from other BC and that correlate with poor prognosis, suggesting that this kinase contributes to the TNBC-specific splicing program. NEK2 elicits its effects by modulating the expression of the splicing factor RBFOX2, a well-known regulator of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Accordingly, NEK2 splicing-regulated genes are enriched in functional terms related to cell adhesion and contractile cytoskeleton and NEK2 depletion in mesenchymal TNBC cells induces phenotypic and molecular traits typical of epithelial cells. Remarkably, depletion of select NEK2-sensitive splice-variants that are prognostic in TNBC patients is sufficient to interfere with TNBC cell morphology and motility, suggesting that NEK2 orchestrates a pro-mesenchymal splicing program that modulates migratory and invasive properties of TNBC cells. CONCLUSIONS Our study uncovers an extensive splicing program modulated by NEK2 involving splice variants that confer an invasive phenotype to TNBCs and that might represent, together with NEK2 itself, valuable therapeutic targets for this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Naro
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Human Anatomy, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168, Rome, Italy.
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Monica De Musso
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Human Anatomy, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Delle Monache
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Human Anatomy, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Panzeri
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Human Anatomy, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Sette
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Human Anatomy, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168, Rome, Italy.
- Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Naro C, Bielli P, Sette C. Oncogenic dysregulation of pre-mRNA processing by protein kinases: challenges and therapeutic opportunities. FEBS J 2021; 288:6250-6272. [PMID: 34092037 PMCID: PMC8596628 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alternative splicing and polyadenylation represent two major steps in pre-mRNA-processing, which ensure proper gene expression and diversification of human transcriptomes. Deregulation of these processes contributes to oncogenic programmes involved in the onset, progression and evolution of human cancers, which often result in the acquisition of resistance to existing therapies. On the other hand, cancer cells frequently increase their transcriptional rate and develop a transcriptional addiction, which imposes a high stress on the pre-mRNA-processing machinery and establishes a therapeutically exploitable vulnerability. A prominent role in fine-tuning pre-mRNA-processing mechanisms is played by three main families of protein kinases: serine arginine protein kinase (SRPK), CDC-like kinase (CLK) and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK). These kinases phosphorylate the RNA polymerase, splicing factors and regulatory proteins involved in cleavage and polyadenylation of the nascent transcripts. The activity of SRPKs, CLKs and CDKs can be altered in cancer cells, and their inhibition was shown to exert anticancer effects. In this review, we describe key findings that have been reported on these topics and discuss challenges and opportunities of developing therapeutic approaches targeting splicing factor kinases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Naro
- Department of NeuroscienceSection of Human AnatomyCatholic University of the Sacred HeartRomeItaly
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. GemelliIRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Pamela Bielli
- Department of Biomedicine and PreventionUniversity of Rome Tor VergataItaly
- Fondazione Santa LuciaIRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Claudio Sette
- Department of NeuroscienceSection of Human AnatomyCatholic University of the Sacred HeartRomeItaly
- Fondazione Santa LuciaIRCCSRomeItaly
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Impact of alternative splicing on mechanisms of resistance to anticancer drugs. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 193:114810. [PMID: 34673012 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A shared characteristic of many tumors is the lack of response to anticancer drugs. Multiple mechanisms of pharmacoresistance (MPRs) are involved in permitting cancer cells to overcome the effect of these agents. Pharmacoresistance can be primary (intrinsic) or secondary (acquired), i.e., triggered or enhanced in response to the treatment. Moreover, MPRs usually result in the lack of sensitivity to several agents, which accounts for diverse multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotypes. MPRs are based on the dynamic expression of more than one hundred genes, constituting the so-called resistome. Alternative splicing (AS) during pre-mRNA maturation results in changes affecting proteins involved in the resistome. The resulting splicing variants (SVs) reduce the efficacy of anticancer drugs by lowering the intracellular levels of active agents, altering molecular targets, enhancing both DNA repair ability and defensive mechanism of tumors, inducing changes in the balance between pro-survival and pro-apoptosis signals, modifying interactions with the tumor microenvironment, and favoring malignant phenotypic transitions. Reasons accounting for cancer-associated aberrant splicing include mutations that create or disrupt splicing sites or splicing enhancers or silencers, abnormal expression of splicing factors, and impaired signaling pathways affecting the activity of the splicing machinery. Here we have reviewed the impact of AS on MPR in cancer cells.
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhang L, Wei XT, Niu JJ, Lin ZX, Xu Q, Ni JJ, Zhang WL, Han BX, Yan SS, Feng GJ, Zhang H, Yang XL, Zhang ZJ, Hai R, Ren HG, Zhang F, Pei YF. Joint Genome-Wide Association Analyses Identified 49 Novel Loci For Age at Natural Menopause. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:2574-2591. [PMID: 34050765 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age at natural menopause (ANM) is an important index for women's health. Either early or late ANM is associated with a series of adverse outcomes later in life. Despite being an inheritable trait, its genetic determinant has not yet been fully understood. METHODS Aiming to better characterize the genetic architecture of ANM, we conducted genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analyses in European-specific as well as trans-ancestry samples by using GWAS summary statistics from the following 3 large studies: the Reproductive Genetics Consortium (ReproGen; N = 69 626), the UK Biobank cohort (UKBB; N = 111 593) and the BioBank Japan Project (BBJ; N = 43 861), followed by a series of bioinformatical assessments and functional annotations. RESULTS By integrating the summary statistics from the 3 GWAS of up to 225 200 participants, this largest meta-analysis identified 49 novel loci and 3 secondary signals that were associated with ANM at the genome-wide significance level (P < 5 × 10-8). No population specificity or heterogeneity was observed at most of the associated loci. Functional annotations prioritized 90 candidate genes at the newly identified loci. Among the 26 traits that were genetically correlated with ANM, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) exerted a causal relationship, implying a causal pattern by which HRT was determined by ANM. CONCLUSION Our findings improved our understanding of the etiology of female menopause, as well as shed light on potential new therapies for abnormal menopause.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Medical College, the first affiliated hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xin-Tong Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Medical College, the first affiliated hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jun-Jie Niu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Medical College, the first affiliated hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zi-Xuan Lin
- Jiangsu Key laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuropsychiatric disorders & Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Medical College, the first affiliated hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jing-Jing Ni
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wan-Lin Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Medical College, the first affiliated hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bai-Xue Han
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Medical College, the first affiliated hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shan-Shan Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Medical College, the first affiliated hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Gui-Juan Feng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Medical College, the first affiliated hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Yang
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zi-Jia Zhang
- Health Commission of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, China
| | - Rong Hai
- Health Commission of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, China
| | - Hai-Gang Ren
- Jiangsu Key laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuropsychiatric disorders & Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu-Fang Pei
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Medical College, the first affiliated hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
O'Connell E, Reynolds IS, Salvucci M, McNamara DA, Burke JP, Prehn JHM. Mucinous and non-mucinous colorectal cancers show differential expression of chemotherapy metabolism and resistance genes. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2021; 21:510-519. [PMID: 33731881 DOI: 10.1038/s41397-021-00229-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Previous research has identified differences in mutation frequency in genes implicated in chemotherapy resistance between mucinous and non-mucinous colorectal cancers (CRC). We hypothesized that outcomes in mucinous and non-mucinous CRC may be influenced by expression of genes responsible for chemotherapy resistance. Gene expression data from primary tumor samples were extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas PanCancer Atlas. The distribution of clinical, pathological, and gene expression variables was compared between 74 mucinous and 521 non-mucinous CRCs. Predictors of overall survival (OS) were assessed in a multivariate analysis. Kaplan-Meier curves were constructed to compare survival according to gene expression using the log rank test. The median expression of 5-FU-related genes TYMS, TYMP, and DYPD was significantly higher in mucinous CRC compared to non-mucinous CRC (p < 0.001, p = 0.003, p < 0.001, respectively). The median expression of oxaliplatin-related genes ATP7B and SRPK1 was significantly reduced in mucinous versus non-mucinous CRC (p = 0.004, p = 0.007, respectively). At multivariate analysis, age (odds ratio (OR) = 0.96, p < 0.001), node positive disease (OR = 0.49, p = 0.005), and metastatic disease (OR = 0.32, p < 0.001) remained significant negative predictors of OS, while high SRPK1 remained a significant positive predictor of OS (OR = 1.59, p = 0.037). Subgroup analysis of rectal cancers demonstrated high SRPK1 expression was associated with significantly longer OS compared to low SRPK1 expression (p = 0.011). This study highlights that the molecular differences in mucinous CRC and non-mucinous CRC extend to chemotherapy resistance gene expression. SRPK1 gene expression was associated with OS, with a prognostic role identified in rectal cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E O'Connell
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland.,Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - I S Reynolds
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland.,Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - M Salvucci
- Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - D A McNamara
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland.,Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - J P Burke
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - J H M Prehn
- Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland. .,Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ghasemi T, Khalaj-Kondori M, Hosseinpour Feizi MA, Asadi P. Long non-coding RNA AGAP2-AS1 is up regulated in colorectal cancer. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 40:829-844. [PMID: 34308771 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2021.1956530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has indicated that, aberrant lncRNA expression plays essential roles in the colorectal cancer (CRC) tumorigenesis. AGAP2-AS1 is upregulated in some cancers, however, its involvement in the CRC tumorigenesis in the population of North-West of Iran has remained unknown. In this study, we evaluated its deregulation in CRC microarray datasets, colon cell lines, CRC tumor, adenomatous colorectal polyps and their paired normal tissues. The results showed that AGAP2-AS1 is upregulated in CRC and might be considered as a potential biomarker for CRC development. Moreover, our results suggest AGAP2-AS1 promoted CRC progression by sponging the hsa-miR-15/16 family and upregulation of their targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tayyebeh Ghasemi
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khalaj-Kondori
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Parviz Asadi
- Medical Science Division, Imam Sajjad Hospital, Islamic Azad university, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Huang JQ, Li HF, Zhu J, Song JW, Zhang XB, Gong P, Liu QY, Zhou CH, Wang L, Gong LY. SRPK1/AKT axis promotes oxaliplatin-induced anti-apoptosis via NF-κB activation in colon cancer. J Transl Med 2021; 19:280. [PMID: 34193174 PMCID: PMC8243872 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02954-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer is the third most common diagnosis. Oxaliplatin is used as first-line treatment of colon cancer. However, oxaliplatin resistance greatly reduces its therapeutic effect. SRPK1 involves in pre-mRNA splicing and tumorigenesis. How SRPK1 mediates drug resistance in colon cancer is unknown. Methods The expression of SRPK1 was analyzed in the TCGA and the CPTAC pan-cancer samples and detected in colon cancer cell lines and tissues by IHC and western blot. The MTT and TUNEL assay were used to verify the anti-apoptosis ability of colon cancer cell. The activation of NF-κB was determined by luciferase assay and qRT-PCR. AKT, IKK, IκB and their phosphorylation level were verified by western blot. Results We found that SRPK1 expression was the second highest in TCGA and the CPTAC pan-cancer samples. The mRNA and protein levels of SRPK1 were increased in tissues from patients with colon cancer. SRPK1 was associated with clinical stage and TNM classifications in 148 cases of colon cancer patients. High SRPK1 levels correlated with poor prognosis (p < 0.001). SRPK1 overexpression enhanced the anti-apoptosis ability of colon cancer cells, whereas SRPK1 silencing had the opposite effect under oxaliplatin treatment. Mechanistically, SRPK1 enhances IKK kinase and IκB phosphorylation to promote NF-κB nuclear translocation to confer oxaliplatin resistance. Conclusions Our findings suggest that SRPK1 participates in colon cancer progression and enhances the anti-apoptosis capacity to induce drug resistance in colon cancer cells via NF-κB pathway activation, and thus might be a potential pharmaceutically target for colon cancer treatment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-021-02954-8.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Qiang Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, P. R. China
| | - He-Feng Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, P. R. China.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Wei Song
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathogen Biology, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Xian-Bin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Peng Gong
- Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Qiu-Yu Liu
- Department of Pathology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Hui Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Guangzhou Health Science College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510520, P. R. China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, P. R. China.
| | - Li-Yun Gong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ewida HA, Shabayek M, Seleem M. Evaluation of miRNAs 9 and 342 expressions in sera as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for breast cancer. Breast Dis 2021; 40:241-250. [PMID: 34092580 DOI: 10.3233/bd-201076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Molecular markers for the detection of breast cancer and its different types, grades, and stages lack enough sensitivity and specificity. This study evaluates the expression of miRNAs 9 and 342 in sera of different types, grades, and stages of BC. Moreover, the assessment of their sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic, and prognostic role in detecting different types of BC. METHODS Blood was collected from 200 females outpatients, divided into five groups each 40 subjects: control, benign breast tumor, estrogen receptor (ER+)/progesterone receptor (PR+) BC, human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER+) BC, and triple-negative BC. BC subjects were further subdivided according to grade and stage. Expressions of miRNAs 9 and 342 were measured for all subjects by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS Results showed that serum expression of both miRNAs 9 and 342 can be used for the diagnosis of different types of BC. Their expression can be used to significantly differentiate between different grades and stages of BC. MiRNAs 9 and 342 showed high sensitivity of 92.5% and specificity of (81.2 and 88.7%), respectively, for triple-negative BC. CONCLUSION The expressions of miRNAs 9 and 342 provide potential roles as serological biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of different types, grades, and stages of BC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heba A Ewida
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Pharmaceutical Industries, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa Shabayek
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Pharmaceutical Industries, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mae Seleem
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Pharmaceutical Industries, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Li Q, Zeng C, Liu H, Yung KWY, Chen C, Xie Q, Zhang Y, Wan SWC, Mak BSW, Xia J, Xiong S, Ngo JCK. Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitor of SRPKs Alters the Splicing Isoforms of VEGF and Inhibits Angiogenesis. iScience 2021; 24:102423. [PMID: 33997701 PMCID: PMC8102418 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Serine-arginine (SR) protein kinases (SRPKs) regulate the functions of the SR-rich splicing factors by phosphorylating multiple serines within their C-terminal arginine-serine-rich domains. Dysregulation of these phosphorylation events has been implicated in many diseases, suggesting SRPKs are potential therapeutic targets. In particular, aberrant SRPK1 expression alters the balances of proangiogenic (VEGF165) and antiangiogenic (VEGF165b) splicing isoforms of the key angiogenesis factor, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), through the phosphorylation of prototypic SR protein SRSF1. Here, we report a protein-protein interaction (PPI) inhibitor of SRPKs, docking blocker of SRPK1 (DBS1), that specifically blocks a conserved substrate docking groove unique to SRPKs. DBS1 is a cell-permeable inhibitor that effectively inhibits the binding and phosphorylation of SRSF1 and subsequently switches VEGF splicing from the proangiogenic to the antiangiogenic isoform. Our findings thus provide a new direction for the development of SRPK inhibitors through targeting a unique PPI site to combat angiogenic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun Li
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chuyue Zeng
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Haizhen Liu
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kristen Wing Yu Yung
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chun Chen
- Department of Cellular Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuling Xie
- Department of Cellular Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Stephanie Winn Chee Wan
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bertha Sze Wing Mak
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jiang Xia
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sheng Xiong
- Department of Cellular Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jacky Chi Ki Ngo
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
- Center for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Effect of the topical administration of N-(2-(4-bromophenylamino)-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)nicotinamide compound in a murine subcutaneous melanoma model. Anticancer Drugs 2021; 31:718-727. [PMID: 32568827 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Conventional treatments for metastatic melanomas are still ineffective and generate numerous side effects, justifying the search for new therapies. The antimetastatic effect of the named N-(2-(4-bromophenylamino)-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)nicotinamide (SRVIC30) compound has been previously demonstrated in murine melanoma. Herein, we aimed to evaluate its effect when topically administrated in a murine subcutaneous melanoma model. For that, mice C57BL/6 were injected subcutaneously with 2 × 10 B16-F10 cells. Topical treatment began when tumors became visible on animal's back. Therefore, tumor volume was measured three times a week until it reaches 12 mm approximately. At this point, 40 mg oil-in-water cream (Lanette) without (control mice; n = 10) or with SRVIC30 compound (SRVIC30 group; n = 10 animals) were spread daily over the tumor external surface using a small brush for 14 days. The treatments increased the percentage of peroxidase antioxidant enzyme and dead cells via caspase-3 activation, with a consequent deposit of collagen fibers in the tumors. In addition, the skin of treated animals showed the presence of inflammatory infiltrate. Finally, SRVIC30 did not show signs of toxicity. Thus, we concluded that the topic administration of SRVIC30 was able to influence crucial anticancer processes such as tumor cells apoptosis and surrounding microenvironment.
Collapse
|
26
|
Sigala I, Koutroumani M, Koukiali A, Giannakouros T, Nikolakaki E. Nuclear Translocation of SRPKs Is Associated with 5-FU and Cisplatin Sensitivity in HeLa and T24 Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040759. [PMID: 33808326 PMCID: PMC8065462 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Serine/arginine protein kinases (SRPKs) phosphorylate Arg/Ser dipeptide-containing proteins that play crucial roles in a broad spectrum of basic cellular processes. The existence of a large internal spacer sequence that separates the bipartite kinase catalytic core and anchors the kinases in the cytoplasm is a unique structural feature of SRPKs. Here, we report that exposure of HeLa and T24 cells to DNA damage inducers triggers the nuclear translocation of SRPK1 and SRPK2. Furthermore, we show that nuclear SRPKs did not protect from, but on the contrary, mediated the cytotoxic effects of genotoxic agents, such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and cisplatin. Confirming previous data showing that the kinase activity is essential for the entry of SRPKs into the nucleus, SRPIN340, a selective SRPK1/2 inhibitor, blocked the nuclear accumulation of the kinases, thus diminishing the cytotoxic effects of the drugs. ATR/ATM-dependent phosphorylation of threonine 326 and serine 408 in the spacer domain of SRPK1 was essential for the redistribution of the kinase to the nucleus. Substitution of either of these two residues to alanine or inhibition of ATR/ATM kinase activity abolished nuclear localization of SRPK1 and conferred tolerance to 5-FU treatment. These findings suggest that SRPKs may play an important role in linking cellular signaling to DNA damage in eukaryotic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Sigala
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotelian University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.S.); (A.K.); (T.G.)
| | - Maria Koutroumani
- Centre for Research and Technology-Hellas, Institute of Applied Biosciences, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Anastasia Koukiali
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotelian University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.S.); (A.K.); (T.G.)
| | - Thomas Giannakouros
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotelian University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.S.); (A.K.); (T.G.)
| | - Eleni Nikolakaki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotelian University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.S.); (A.K.); (T.G.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Natua S, Ashok C, Shukla S. Hypoxia-induced alternative splicing in human diseases: the pledge, the turn, and the prestige. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:2729-2747. [PMID: 33386889 PMCID: PMC11072330 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03727-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance of oxygen homeostasis is an indispensable criterion for the existence of multicellular life-forms. Disruption of this homeostasis due to inadequate oxygenation of the respiring tissues leads to pathological hypoxia, which acts as a significant stressor in several pathophysiological conditions including cancer, cardiovascular defects, bacterial infections, and neurological disorders. Consequently, the hypoxic tissues develop necessary adaptations both at the tissue and cellular level. The cellular adaptations involve a dramatic alteration in gene expression, post-transcriptional and post-translational modification of gene products, bioenergetics, and metabolism. Among the key responses to oxygen-deprivation is the skewing of cellular alternative splicing program. Herein, we discuss the current concepts of oxygen tension-dependent alternative splicing relevant to various pathophysiological conditions. Following a brief description of cellular response to hypoxia and the pre-mRNA splicing mechanism, we outline the impressive number of hypoxia-elicited alternative splicing events associated with maladies like cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurological disorders. Furthermore, we discuss how manipulation of hypoxia-induced alternative splicing may pose promising strategies for novel translational diagnosis and therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subhashis Natua
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Cheemala Ashok
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjeev Shukla
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Alternative splicing modulates cancer aggressiveness: role in EMT/metastasis and chemoresistance. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:897-914. [PMID: 33400075 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-06094-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced metastasis and disease recurrence accounts for the high mortality rates associated with cancer. The process of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) contributes towards the augmentation of cancer invasiveness along with the gain of stem-like and the subsequent drug-resistant behavior. Apart from the well-established transcriptional regulation, EMT is also controlled post-transcriptionally by virtue of alternative splicing (AS). Numerous genes including Fibroblast Growth Factor receptor (FGFR) as well as CD44 are differentially spliced during this trans-differentiation process which, in turn, governs cancer progression. These splicing alterations are controlled by various splicing factors including ESRP, RBFOX2 as well as hnRNPs. Here, we have depicted the mechanisms governing the splice isoform switching of FGFR and CD44. Moreover, the role of the splice variants generated by AS of these gene transcripts in modulating the metastatic potential and stem-like/chemoresistant behavior of cancer cells has also been highlighted. Additionally, the involvement of splicing factors in regulating EMT/invasiveness along with drug-resistance as well as the metabolic properties of the cells has been emphasized. Tumorigenesis is accompanied by a remodeling of the cellular splicing profile generating diverse protein isoforms which, in turn, control the cancer-associated hallmarks. Therefore, we have also briefly discussed about a wide variety of genes which are differentially spliced in the tumor cells and promote cancer progression. We have also outlined different strategies for targeting the tumor-associated splicing events which have shown promising results and therefore this approach might be useful in developing therapies to reduce cancer aggressiveness in a more specific manner.
Collapse
|
29
|
Chandra A, Ananda H, Singh N, Qamar I. Identification of a novel and potent small molecule inhibitor of SRPK1: mechanism of dual inhibition of SRPK1 for the inhibition of cancer progression. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 13:163-180. [PMID: 33291073 PMCID: PMC7835025 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinases are the family of attractive enzyme targets for drug design with relevance to cancer biology. Serine arginine protein kinase 1 (SRPK1) is responsible for the phosphorylation of serine/arginine (SR)-rich proteins. Alternative Splicing Factor/Splicing Factor 2 (ASF/SF2) involved in mRNA editing. ASF/SF2 is over expressed in many cancers and plays crucial roles in the cell survival. Phosphorylation of ASF/SF2 is decisive for its functions in cancer. In search of potential anticancer therapeutic agents for attenuating phosphorylation of ASF/SF2, we have explored specific and potential inhibitors of SRPK1 from natural and drug like compounds databases using in-silico methods. Compound ZINC02154892 (C02) was found to be the most potent inhibitor for SRPK1. In-vitro molecular and cell biology studies have shown C02 as a potent and specific inhibitor of phosphorylation of ASF/SF2 and cell survival in leukemic cell line. Structural analysis of SRPK1 with compound C02 revealed a unique pattern of binding targeting ATP binding site along with inhibiting recruitment of ASF/SF2 by SRPK1. The possibilities of compound C02 to be used as a lead compound paving way for the development of potent and specific inhibitors of SRPK1 for designing of novel potential anticancer inhibitor is inferred from the current studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anshuman Chandra
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, U.P. 201312, India
| | - Hanumappa Ananda
- Department of Clinical Embryology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Nagendra Singh
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, U.P. 201312, India
| | - Imteyaz Qamar
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, U.P. 201312, India
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abou-Ouf H, Assem H, Ghosh S, Karnes RJ, Stoletov K, Palanisamy N, Lewis JD, Bismar TA. High Serine-arginine Protein Kinase 1 Expression with PTEN Loss Defines Aggressive Phenotype of Prostate Cancer Associated with Lethal Outcome and Decreased Overall Survival. EUR UROL SUPPL 2020; 23:1-8. [PMID: 34337483 PMCID: PMC8317848 DOI: 10.1016/j.euros.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Serine-arginine protein kinase 1 (SRPK1) has been implicated in prostate cancer (PCa) progression. However, its prognostic value and association with ERG and PTEN expression, two of the most common genetic alterations, have not been explored fully. Objective We assessed the prognostic value of SRPK1 in association with ERG and PTEN in a cohort of patients managed nonsurgically by androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for advanced disease. Design, setting, and participants The study cohort consisted of men diagnosed with PCa by transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP; n = 480). The patients were divided into three main groups: incidental (patients with Gleason score [GS] ≤7 with no prior ADT), advanced (patients with GS ≥8 with no prior ADT), and castrate-resistant PCa (patients with prior ADT). Outcome measurements and statistical analysis A total of 480 TURP samples were assessed by immunohistochemistry for SRPK1, ERG, and PTEN, and results were correlated with Gleason grade group (GG), overall survival (OS), and PCa-specific mortality (PCSM). Results and limitations High SRPK1 expression was noted in 105/455 (23%) available patient cores. Expression of SRPK1 was associated with Gleason grade grouping (p < 0.0001) with high expression detected in 22/74 (33%) with GG 5. High SRPK1 was not associated with ERG positivity (p = 0.18) but was significantly associated with PTEN intensity (p = 0.001). High SRPK1 was associated with OS (hazard ratio [HR] 1.99; confidence interval [CI]: 1.57–2.54, p < 0.0001) and PCSM (HR 1.64; CI: 1.19–2.26, p < 0.002). Adjusting for Gleason score, patients with high SRPK1 and negative PTEN had the worst clinical outcome for both OS and PCSM compared with other patients (p < 0.0001, HR: 3.02; CI: 1.87–4.88 and HR: 6.40, CI: 3.19–12.85, respectively). Conclusions High SRPK1 is associated with worse OS and PCSM. Moreover, patients with high SRPK1 expression and loss of PTEN had the worst clinical outcome for OS and cancer-specific mortality. Combined status of SRPK1 and PTEN may provide added value in stratifying patients into various prognostic groups. Patient summary The expression of serine-arginine protein kinase 1 (SRPK1) combined with PTEN has a significant prognostic role in prostate cancer patients. Patients with high SRPK1 expression and negative PTEN had the worst clinical outcome for overall survival and cancer-specific mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hatem Abou-Ouf
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine and Alberta Public Laboratories, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hisham Assem
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine and Alberta Public Laboratories, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sunita Ghosh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Health Services-Cancer Control, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Konstantin Stoletov
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nallasivam Palanisamy
- Department of Urology, Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Health System Detroit, MI, USA
| | - John D Lewis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tarek A Bismar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine and Alberta Public Laboratories, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Tom Baker Cancer Center and Alberta Public Laboratories, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Cherry S, Lynch KW. Alternative splicing and cancer: insights, opportunities, and challenges from an expanding view of the transcriptome. Genes Dev 2020; 34:1005-1016. [PMID: 32747477 PMCID: PMC7397854 DOI: 10.1101/gad.338962.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade there has been increased awareness of the potential role of alternative splicing in the etiology of cancer. In particular, advances in RNA-Sequencing technology and analysis has led to a wave of discoveries in the last few years regarding the causes and functional relevance of alternative splicing in cancer. Here we discuss the current understanding of the connections between splicing and cancer, with a focus on the most recent findings. We also discuss remaining questions and challenges that must be addressed in order to use our knowledge of splicing to guide the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Cherry
- Department of Pathology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Kristen W Lynch
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Combined SRPK and AKT pharmacological inhibition is synergistic in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 65:104777. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
33
|
Rahman MA, Nasrin F, Bhattacharjee S, Nandi S. Hallmarks of Splicing Defects in Cancer: Clinical Applications in the Era of Personalized Medicine. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061381. [PMID: 32481522 PMCID: PMC7352608 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing promotes proteome diversity by using limited number of genes, a key control point of gene expression. Splicing is carried out by large macromolecular machineries, called spliceosome, composed of small RNAs and proteins. Alternative splicing is regulated by splicing regulatory cis-elements in RNA and trans-acting splicing factors that are often tightly regulated in a tissue-specific and developmental stage-specific manner. The biogenesis of ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes is strictly regulated to ensure that correct complements of RNA and proteins are coordinated in the right cell at the right time to support physiological functions. Any perturbations that impair formation of functional spliceosomes by disrupting the cis-elements, or by compromising RNA-binding or function of trans-factors can be deleterious to cells and result in pathological consequences. The recent discovery of oncogenic mutations in splicing factors, and growing evidence of the perturbed splicing in multiple types of cancer, underscores RNA processing defects as a critical driver of oncogenesis. These findings have resulted in a growing interest in targeting RNA splicing as a therapeutic approach for cancer treatment. This review summarizes our current understanding of splicing alterations in cancer, recent therapeutic efforts targeting splicing defects in cancer, and future potentials to develop novel cancer therapies.
Collapse
|
34
|
Wang C, Zhou Z, Subhramanyam CS, Cao Q, Heng ZSL, Liu W, Fu X, Hu Q. SRPK1 acetylation modulates alternative splicing to regulate cisplatin resistance in breast cancer cells. Commun Biol 2020; 3:268. [PMID: 32461560 PMCID: PMC7253463 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0983-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin and other platinum-based compounds are frequently used to treat breast cancer, but their utility is severely compromised by drug resistance. Many genes dictating drug responsiveness are subject to pre-mRNA alternative splicing which is regulated by key kinases such as the serine-arginine protein kinase 1 (SRPK1). However, its contribution to drug resistance remains controversial. In this study, we have identified that Tip60-mediated acetylation of SRPK1 is closely associated with chemotherapy sensitivity. In breast cancer cells, cisplatin induced SRPK1 acetylation but in the corresponding resistant cells, it reduced acetylation yet increased phosphorylation and kinase activity of SRPK1, favouring the splicing of some anti-apoptotic variants. Significantly, the cisplatin-resistant cells could be re-sensitized by enhancing SRPK1 acetylation or inhibiting its kinase activity. Hence, our study reveals a key role of SRPK1 in the development of cisplatin resistance in breast cancer cells and suggests a potential therapeutic avenue for overcoming chemotherapy resistance. Wang et al. find that the therapeutic agent cisplatin has opposite effect on acetylation of serine-arginine protein kinase 1 (SRPK1) in cisplatin-resistant versus – sensitive breast cancer cells. Inhibiting SRPK1 activity or enhancing its acetylation re-sensitises cells to cisplatin, suggesting a potential strategy to treat cancers resistant to platinum-based therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 4 Medical Drive, Singapore, Singapore, 117594
| | - Zhihong Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 2 Medical Drive, Singapore, Singapore, 117593
| | | | - Qiong Cao
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 4 Medical Drive, Singapore, Singapore, 117594
| | - Zealyn Shi Lin Heng
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 4 Medical Drive, Singapore, Singapore, 117594
| | - Wen Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Xiangdong Fu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0651, USA
| | - Qidong Hu
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 4 Medical Drive, Singapore, Singapore, 117594.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Roles of Splicing Factors in Hormone-Related Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051551. [PMID: 32106418 PMCID: PMC7084890 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Splicing of mRNA precursor (pre-mRNA) is a mechanism to generate multiple mRNA isoforms from a single pre-mRNA, and it plays an essential role in a variety of biological phenomena and diseases such as cancers. Previous studies have demonstrated that cancer-specific splicing events are involved in various aspects of cancers such as proliferation, migration and response to hormones, suggesting that splicing-targeting therapy can be promising as a new strategy for cancer treatment. In this review, we focus on the splicing regulation by RNA-binding proteins including Drosophila behavior/human splicing (DBHS) family proteins, serine/arginine-rich (SR) proteins and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) in hormone-related cancers, such as breast and prostate cancers.
Collapse
|
36
|
Wu M, Feng G, Zhang B, Xu K, Wang Z, Cheng S, Chang C, Vyas A, Tang Z, Liu X. Phosphoproteomics Reveals Novel Targets and Phosphoprotein Networks in Cell Cycle Mediated by Dsk1 Kinase. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:1776-1787. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Wu
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Gang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Ministry of Education, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Buyu Zhang
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Kaikun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Sen Cheng
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Cheng Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Aditi Vyas
- W.M. Keck Science Center, 925 North Mills Avenue, The Claremont Colleges, Claremont, California 91711, United States
| | - Zhaohua Tang
- W.M. Keck Science Center, 925 North Mills Avenue, The Claremont Colleges, Claremont, California 91711, United States
| | - Xiaoyun Liu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Toda H, Seki N, Kurozumi S, Shinden Y, Yamada Y, Nohata N, Moriya S, Idichi T, Maemura K, Fujii T, Horiguchi J, Kijima Y, Natsugoe S. RNA-sequence-based microRNA expression signature in breast cancer: tumor-suppressive miR-101-5p regulates molecular pathogenesis. Mol Oncol 2020; 14:426-446. [PMID: 31755218 PMCID: PMC6998431 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrantly expressed microRNA (miRNA) are known to disrupt intracellular RNA networks in cancer cells. Exploring miRNA-dependent molecular networks is a major challenge in cancer research. In this study, we performed RNA-sequencing of breast cancer (BrCa) clinical specimens to identify tumor-suppressive miRNA in BrCa. In total, 64 miRNA were identified as candidate tumor-suppressive miRNA in BrCa cells. Analysis of our BrCa signature revealed that several miRNA duplexes (guide strand/passenger strand) derived from pre-miRNA were downregulated in BrCa tissues (e.g. miR-99a-5p/-3p, miR-101-5p/-3p, miR-126-5p/-3p, miR-143-5p/-3p, and miR-144-5p/-3p). Among these miRNA, we focused on miR-101-5p, the passenger strand of pre-miR-101, and investigated its tumor-suppressive roles and oncogenic targets in BrCa cells. Low expression of miR-101-5p predicted poor prognosis in patients with BrCa (overall survival rate: P = 0.0316). Ectopic expression of miR-101-5p attenuated aggressive phenotypes, e.g. proliferation, migration, and invasion, in BrCa cells. Finally, we identified seven putative oncogenic genes (i.e. High Mobility Group Box 3, Epithelial splicing regulatory protein 1, GINS complex subunit 1 (GINS1), Tumor Protein D52, Serine/Arginine-Rich Splicing Factor Kinase 1, Vang-like protein 1, and Mago Homolog B) regulated by miR-101-5p in BrCa cells. The expression of these target genes was associated with the molecular pathogenesis of BrCa. Furthermore, we explored the oncogenic roles of GINS1, whose function had not been previously elucidated, in BrCa cells. Aberrant expression of GINS1 mRNA and protein was observed in BrCa clinical specimens, and high GINS1 expression significantly predicted poor prognosis in patients with BrCa (overall survival rate: P = 0.0126). Knockdown of GINS1 inhibited the malignant features of BrCa cells. Thus, identification of tumor-suppressive miRNA and molecular networks controlled by these miRNA in BrCa cells may be an effective strategy for elucidation of the molecular pathogenesis of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Toda
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid SurgeryGraduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesKagoshima UniversityJapan
| | - Naohiko Seki
- Department of Functional GenomicsChiba University Graduate School of MedicineJapan
| | - Sasagu Kurozumi
- Department of General Surgical ScienceGunma University Graduate School of MedicineJapan
| | - Yoshiaki Shinden
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid SurgeryGraduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesKagoshima UniversityJapan
| | - Yasutaka Yamada
- Department of Functional GenomicsChiba University Graduate School of MedicineJapan
| | | | - Shogo Moriya
- Department of Biochemistry and GeneticsChiba University Graduate School of MedicineJapan
| | - Tetsuya Idichi
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid SurgeryGraduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesKagoshima UniversityJapan
| | - Kosei Maemura
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid SurgeryGraduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesKagoshima UniversityJapan
| | - Takaaki Fujii
- Department of General Surgical ScienceGunma University Graduate School of MedicineJapan
| | - Jun Horiguchi
- Department of Breast SurgeryInternational University of Health and WelfareChibaJapan
| | - Yuko Kijima
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid SurgeryGraduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesKagoshima UniversityJapan
- Department of Breast SurgeryFujita Health UniversityAichiJapan
| | - Shoji Natsugoe
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid SurgeryGraduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesKagoshima UniversityJapan
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abdeldayem A, Raouf YS, Constantinescu SN, Moriggl R, Gunning PT. Advances in covalent kinase inhibitors. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:2617-2687. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00720b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This comprehensive review details recent advances, challenges and innovations in covalent kinase inhibition within a 10 year period (2007–2018).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayah Abdeldayem
- Department of Chemical & Physical Sciences
- University of Toronto
- Mississauga
- Canada
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Yasir S. Raouf
- Department of Chemical & Physical Sciences
- University of Toronto
- Mississauga
- Canada
- Department of Chemistry
| | | | - Richard Moriggl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics
- University of Veterinary Medicine
- 1210 Vienna
- Austria
| | - Patrick T. Gunning
- Department of Chemical & Physical Sciences
- University of Toronto
- Mississauga
- Canada
- Department of Chemistry
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Silva AL, Faria M, Matos P. Inflammatory Microenvironment Modulation of Alternative Splicing in Cancer: A Way to Adapt. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1219:243-258. [PMID: 32130703 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-34025-4_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between inflammation and cancer has been long recognized by the medical and scientific community. In the last decades, it has returned to the forefront of clinical oncology since a wealth of knowledge has been gathered about the cells, cytokines and physiological processes that are central to both inflammation and cancer. It is now robustly established that chronic inflammation can induce certain cancers but also that solid tumors, in turn, can initiate and perpetuate local inflammatory processes that foster tumor growth and dissemination. Inflammation is the hallmark of the innate immune response to tissue damage or infection, but also mediates the activation, expansion and recruitment to the tissues of cells and antibodies of the adaptive immune system. The functional integration of both components of the immune response is crucial to identify and subdue tumor development, progression and dissemination. When this tight control goes awry, altered cells can avoid the immune surveillance and even subvert the innate immunity to promote their full oncogenic transformation. In this chapter, we make a general overview of the most recent data linking the inflammatory process to cancer. We start with the overall inflammatory cues and processes that influence the relationship between tumor and the microenvironment that surrounds it and follow the ever-increasing complexity of processes that end up producing subtle changes in the splicing of certain genes to ascertain survival advantage to cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luísa Silva
- Serviço de Endocrinologia, Diabetes e Metabolismo do CHLN-Hospital Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal
- ISAMB-Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Márcia Faria
- Serviço de Endocrinologia, Diabetes e Metabolismo do CHLN-Hospital Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências, BioISI-Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paulo Matos
- Faculdade de Ciências, BioISI-Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Nikas IP, Themistocleous SC, Paschou SA, Tsamis KI, Ryu HS. Serine-Arginine Protein Kinase 1 (SRPK1) as a Prognostic Factor and Potential Therapeutic Target in Cancer: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives. Cells 2019; 9:cells9010019. [PMID: 31861708 PMCID: PMC7017105 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer, a heterogeneous disease composed of tumor cells and microenvironment, is driven by deregulated processes such as increased proliferation, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, and evasion of apoptosis. Alternative splicing, a mechanism led by splicing factors, is implicated in carcinogenesis by affecting any of the processes above. Accumulating evidence suggests that serine-arginine protein kinase 1 (SRPK1), an enzyme that phosphorylates splicing factors rich in serine/arginine domains, has a prognostic and potential predictive role in various cancers. Its upregulation is correlated with higher tumor staging, grading, and shorter survival. SRPK1 is also highly expressed in the premalignant changes of some cancers, showing a potential role in the early steps of carcinogenesis. Of interest, its downregulation in preclinical models has mostly been tumor-suppressive and affected diverse processes heterogeneously, depending on the oncogenic context. In addition, targeting SRPK1 has enhanced sensitivity to platinum-based chemotherapy in some cancers. Lastly, its aberrant function has been noted not only in cancer cells but also in the endothelial cells of the microenvironment. Although the aforementioned evidence seems promising, more studies are needed to reinforce the use of SRPK1 inhibitors in clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilias P. Nikas
- School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, 2404 Nicosia, Cyprus; (S.C.T.); (S.A.P.); (K.I.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +357-22559633
| | - Sophie C. Themistocleous
- School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, 2404 Nicosia, Cyprus; (S.C.T.); (S.A.P.); (K.I.T.)
| | - Stavroula A. Paschou
- School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, 2404 Nicosia, Cyprus; (S.C.T.); (S.A.P.); (K.I.T.)
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, “Aghia Sophia” Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos I. Tsamis
- School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, 2404 Nicosia, Cyprus; (S.C.T.); (S.A.P.); (K.I.T.)
- Neurosurgical Institute, Medical School, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Han Suk Ryu
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, 03080 Seoul, Korea;
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Yang Q, Zhao J, Zhang W, Chen D, Wang Y. Aberrant alternative splicing in breast cancer. J Mol Cell Biol 2019; 11:920-929. [PMID: 31065692 PMCID: PMC6884705 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjz033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing is critical for human gene expression regulation, which plays a determined role in expanding the diversity of functional proteins. Importantly, alternative splicing is a hallmark of cancer and a potential target for cancer therapeutics. Based on the statistical data, breast cancer is one of the top leading causes of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide. Strikingly, alternative splicing is closely associated with breast cancer development. Here, we seek to provide a general review of the relationship between alternative splicing and breast cancer. We introduce the process of alternative splicing and its regulatory role in cancers. In addition, we highlight the functions of aberrant alternative splicing and mutations of splicing factors in breast cancer progression. Moreover, we discuss the role of alternative splicing in cancer drug resistance and the potential of being targets for cancer therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quan Yang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Jinyao Zhao
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Splicing regulatory factors in breast cancer hallmarks and disease progression. Oncotarget 2019; 10:6021-6037. [PMID: 31666932 PMCID: PMC6800274 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
By regulating transcript isoform expression levels, alternative splicing provides an additional layer of protein control. Recent studies show evidence that cancer cells use different splicing events to fulfill their requirements in order to develop, progress and metastasize. However, there has been less attention for the role of the complex catalyzing the complicated multistep splicing reaction: the spliceosome. The spliceosome consists of multiple sub-complexes in total comprising 244 proteins or splice factors and 5 associated RNA molecules. Here we discuss the role of splice factors in the oncogenic processes tumors cells need to fulfill their oncogenic properties (the so-called the hallmarks of cancer). Despite the fact that splice factors have been investigated only recently, they seem to play a prominent role in already five hallmarks of cancer: angiogenesis, resisting cell death, sustaining proliferation, deregulating cellular energetics and invasion and metastasis formation by affecting major signaling pathways such as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, the Warburg effect, DNA damage response and hormone receptor dependent proliferation. Moreover, we could relate expression of representative genes of four other hallmarks (enabling replicative mortality, genomic instability, avoiding immune destruction and evading growth suppression) to splice factor levels in human breast cancer tumors, suggesting that also these hallmarks could be regulated by splice factors. Since many splice factors are involved in multiple hallmarks of cancer, inhibiting splice factors might provide a new layer of oncogenic control and a powerful method to combat breast cancer progression.
Collapse
|
43
|
Barbosa ÉDAA, Seraphim TV, Gandin CA, Teixeira LF, da Silva RAG, Righetto GL, Goncalves KDA, Vasconcellos RDS, Almeida MR, Silva Júnior A, Fietto JLR, Kobarg J, Gileadi C, Massirer KB, Borges JC, de Oliveira Neto M, Bressan GC. Insights into the full-length SRPK2 structure and its hydrodynamic behavior. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 137:205-214. [PMID: 31229549 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The serine/arginine-rich protein kinase 2 (SRPK2) has been reported as upregulated in several cancer types, with roles in hallmarks such as cell migration, growth, and apoptosis. These findings have indicated that SRPK2 is a promising emerging target in drug discovery initiatives. Although high-resolution models are available for SRPK2 (PDB 2X7G), they have been obtained with a heavily truncated recombinant protein version (~50% of the primary structure), due to the presence of long intrinsically unstructured regions. In the present work, we sought to characterize the structure of a full-length recombinant version of SRPK2 in solution. Low-resolution Small-Angle X-ray Scattering data were obtained for both versions of SRPK2. The truncated ΔNΔS-SRPK2 presented a propensity to dimerize at higher concentrations whereas the full-length SRPK2 was mainly found as dimers. The hydrodynamic behavior of the full-length SRPK2 was further investigated by analytical size exclusion chromatography and sedimentation velocity analytical ultracentrifugation experiments. SRPK2 behaved as a monomer-dimer equilibrium and both forms have an elongated shape in solution, pointing to a stretched-to-closed tendency among the conformational plasticity observed. Taken together, these findings allowed us to define unique structural features of the SRPK2 within SRPK family, characterized by its flexible regions outside the bipartite kinase domain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - César Augusto Gandin
- Departamento de Física e Biofísica, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Germanna L Righetto
- Departamento de Genética, Evolução, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Kaliandra De Almeida Goncalves
- Departamento de Genética, Evolução, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Márcia Rogéria Almeida
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jörg Kobarg
- Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Tecidual e Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Carina Gileadi
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Av. Dr. André Tosello, 550, Barão Geraldo, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Katlin B Massirer
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Av. Dr. André Tosello, 550, Barão Geraldo, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, CBMEG, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SPUniversidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Julio César Borges
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Mario de Oliveira Neto
- Departamento de Física e Biofísica, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Costa Bressan
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Li Y, Yu S, Wang X, Ye X, He B, Quan M, Gao Y. SRPK1 facilitates tumor cell growth via modulating the small nucleolar RNA expression in gastric cancer. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:13582-13591. [PMID: 30633341 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Serine-arginine protein kinase 1 (SRPK1) is the main regulator in alternative splicing by phosphorylating splicing factors rich in serine/arginine repeats. Its overexpression has been found in multiple cancer types and contributes to cancer development. Here we report the role of SRPK1 and underlying mechanism in gastric cancer (GC) cell growth. We found that SRPK1 was frequently upregulated in GC samples compared with their adjacent corresponding normal tissues by immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. Knockdown of SRPK1 in GC cells suppressed cell growth in cell viability assays, colony formation assays and nude mice xenograft model, whereas overexpression of SRPK1 promotes opposite phenotypes in these assays. By a complementary DNA microarray analysis, we found that SRPK1 knockdown had significant inhibitory effects on a majority of small nucleolar RNAs expression. Among them, snoRA42, snoRA74A, and snoRD10 were selected for further functional experiments. Cell growth curves on a plate and in soft agar indicated that the three snoRNAs play potential oncogenic function in GC. In addition, SRPK1 could co-immunoprecipitated with NCL, a nucleolar phosphoprotein involved in the synthesis and maturation of ribosomes. These results suggested that SRPK1 contributes to GC development by a new possible mechanism involving snoRNAs mediated signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yandong Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shijun Yu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojuan Ye
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Hematology & Oncology, the People's Hospital of Beilun District, Beilun Branch Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Bin He
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Quan
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Gao
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Patel M, Sachidanandan M, Adnan M. Serine arginine protein kinase 1 (SRPK1): a moonlighting protein with theranostic ability in cancer prevention. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 46:1487-1497. [PMID: 30535769 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4545-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Serine/arginine protein kinase 1 (SRPK1); a versatile functional moonlighting protein involved in varied cellular activities comprised of cell cycle progression, innate immune response, chromatin reorganization, negative and positive regulation of viral genome replication, protein amino acid phosphorylation, regulation of numerous mRNA-processing pathways, germ cell development as well as inflammation due to acquaintances with many transcription factors and signaling pathways. Several diseases including cancer have been associated with dysregulation of SRPK1. The function of SRPK1 in cancer is contradictory and inexplicable because it acts as both tumor suppressor and promoter based on the type of cell and locale. Over expression of SRPK1 including its role has been recently narrated and associated with several cancers, which includes, lung, glioma, prostate and breast via dysregulated signals from the Akt/eIF4E/HIF-1/VEGF, Erk or MAPK, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, TGF-β, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. Therefore, SRPK1 has occurred as a promising and possible curative target in cancer. In recent years, few natural and synthetic SRPK1 inhibitors have been discovered. This review emphasizes and highlights the complicated connections between SRPK1 and oncogenic signaling circuits together with the possibility of aiming SRPK1 in the treatment of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitesh Patel
- Department of Biosciences, Bapalal Vaidya Botanical Research Centre, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, Gujarat, India
| | - Manojkumar Sachidanandan
- Department of Oral Radiology, College of Dentistry, University of Hail, P O Box 2440, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Adnan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Hail, P O Box 2440, Hail, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Antimetastatic effect of the pharmacological inhibition of serine/arginine-rich protein kinases (SRPK) in murine melanoma. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 356:214-223. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
47
|
Caruso JA, Carruthers NJ, Thibodeau B, Geddes TJ, Dombkowski AA, Stemmer PM. Global Signaling Profiling in a Human Model of Tumorigenic Progression Indicates a Role for Alternative RNA Splicing in Cellular Reprogramming. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19102847. [PMID: 30241319 PMCID: PMC6213538 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19102847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular signaling is controlled to a large extent by the phosphorylation status of proteins. To determine how human breast cells can be reprogrammed during tumorigenic progression, we profiled cell lines in the MCF10A lineage by phosphoproteomic analyses. A large cluster of proteins involved in RNA splicing were hypophosphorylated as cells progressed to a hyperplastic state, and then hyperphosphorylated after progression to a fully metastatic phenotype. A comprehensive transcriptomic approach was used to determine whether alterations in splicing factor phosphorylation status would be reflected in changes in mRNA splicing. Results indicated that the degree of mRNA splicing trended with the degree of tumorigenicity of the 4 cell lines tested. That is, highly metastatic cell cultures had the greatest number of genes with splice variants, and these genes had greater fluctuations in expression intensities. Genes with high splicing indices were mapped against gene ontology terms to determine whether they have known roles in cancer. This group showed highly significant associations for angiogenesis, cytokine-mediated signaling, cell migration, programmed cell death and epithelial cell differentiation. In summary, data from global profiling of a human model of breast cancer development suggest that therapeutics should be developed which target signaling pathways that regulate RNA splicing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Caruso
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - Nicholas J Carruthers
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - Bryan Thibodeau
- Beaumont BioBank and Molecular Core Laboratory, Royal Oak, MI 48073, USA.
| | - Timothy J Geddes
- Beaumont BioBank and Molecular Core Laboratory, Royal Oak, MI 48073, USA.
| | - Alan A Dombkowski
- Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - Paul M Stemmer
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Yi N, Xiao M, Jiang F, Liu Z, Ni W, Lu C, Ni R, Chen W. SRPK1 is a poor prognostic indicator and a novel potential therapeutic target for human colorectal cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:5359-5370. [PMID: 30214242 PMCID: PMC6128266 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s172541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Serine/arginine protein kinase 1 (SRPK1) is a protein kinase that belongs to the serine/arginine-rich domain family of splicing factors which are essential for splice-site selection, especially the modulation for RNA metabolism, localization, and translation. High expression of SRPK1 has been found in numerous human cancers, but its mechanism in colorectal cancer (CRC) is still rarely reported. Purpose To investigate the expression of SRPK1 in CRC tissues and cells and determine its functions and mechanism in CRC. Methods The expression of SRPK1 was explored in human CRC patients and cells by immunohistochemistry, real-time quantitative PCR, and Western blot; Cell Counting Kit-8, Transwell, flow cytometry, and tube formation assay were used to investigate the CRC cell viability, migration, apoptosis, and angiogenesis, respectively. Results SRPK1 was overexpressed in CRC tumor tissues and cells, and correlated with tumor node metastasis stage; inhibition of SRPK1 by siRNA resulted in decreased cell growth and migration, significantly increased apoptosis, and suppressed angiogenesis. Conclusion SRPK1 can be a prognostic indicator of CRC and may be a therapeutic target for CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Yi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, People's Republic of China, .,Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingbing Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, People's Republic of China, .,Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoxiu Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenkai Ni
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuihua Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Runzhou Ni
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Weichang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, People's Republic of China,
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Urbanski L, Leclair N, Anczuków O. Alternative-splicing defects in cancer: Splicing regulators and their downstream targets, guiding the way to novel cancer therapeutics. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2018; 9:e1476. [PMID: 29693319 PMCID: PMC6002934 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Defects in alternative splicing are frequently found in human tumors and result either from mutations in splicing-regulatory elements of specific cancer genes or from changes in the regulatory splicing machinery. RNA splicing regulators have emerged as a new class of oncoproteins and tumor suppressors, and contribute to disease progression by modulating RNA isoforms involved in the hallmark cancer pathways. Thus, dysregulation of alternative RNA splicing is fundamental to cancer and provides a potentially rich source of novel therapeutic targets. Here, we review the alterations in splicing regulatory factors detected in human tumors, as well as the resulting alternatively spliced isoforms that impact cancer hallmarks, and discuss how they contribute to disease pathogenesis. RNA splicing is a highly regulated process and, as such, the regulators are themselves tightly regulated. Differential transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of splicing factors modulates their levels and activities in tumor cells. Furthermore, the composition of the tumor microenvironment can also influence which isoforms are expressed in a given cell type and impact drug responses. Finally, we summarize current efforts in targeting alternative splicing, including global splicing inhibition using small molecules blocking the spliceosome or splicing-factor-modifying enzymes, as well as splice-switching RNA-based therapeutics to modulate cancer-specific splicing isoforms. This article is categorized under: RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease RNA Processing > Splicing Regulation/Alternative Splicing.
Collapse
|
50
|
Hatcher JM, Wu G, Zeng C, Zhu J, Meng F, Patel S, Wang W, Ficarro SB, Leggett AL, Powell CE, Marto JA, Zhang K, Ngo JCK, Fu XD, Zhang T, Gray NS. SRPKIN-1: A Covalent SRPK1/2 Inhibitor that Potently Converts VEGF from Pro-angiogenic to Anti-angiogenic Isoform. Cell Chem Biol 2018; 25:460-470.e6. [PMID: 29478907 PMCID: PMC5973797 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The SRPK family of kinases regulates pre-mRNA splicing by phosphorylating serine/arginine (SR)-rich splicing factors, signals splicing control in response to extracellular stimuli, and contributes to tumorigenesis, suggesting that these splicing kinases are potential therapeutic targets. Here, we report the development of the first irreversible SRPK inhibitor, SRPKIN-1, which is also the first kinase inhibitor that forms a covalent bond with a tyrosine phenol group in the ATP-binding pocket. Kinome-wide profiling demonstrates its selectivity for SRPK1/2, and SRPKIN-1 attenuates SR protein phosphorylation at submicromolar concentrations. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a known target for SRPK-regulated splicing and, relative to the first-generation SRPK inhibitor SRPIN340 or small interfering RNA-mediated SRPK knockdown, SRPKIN-1 is more potent in converting the pro-angiogenic VEGF-A165a to the anti-angiogenic VEGF-A165b isoform and in blocking laser-induced neovascularization in a murine retinal model. These findings encourage further development of SRPK inhibitors for treatment of age-related macular degeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John M. Hatcher
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Guowei Wu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Institute of Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Chuyue Zeng
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region NA, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Shiley Eye Institute, Institute for Engineering in Medicine, Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA,Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Fan Meng
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Institute of Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sherrina Patel
- Shiley Eye Institute, Institute for Engineering in Medicine, Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Wenqiu Wang
- Shiley Eye Institute, Institute for Engineering in Medicine, Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Scott B. Ficarro
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Department of Oncologic Pathology and Blais Proteomics Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alan L. Leggett
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chelsea E. Powell
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jarrod A. Marto
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Department of Oncologic Pathology and Blais Proteomics Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kang Zhang
- Shiley Eye Institute, Institute for Engineering in Medicine, Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jacky Chi Ki Ngo
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region NA, China
| | - Xiang-Dong Fu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Institute of Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA,Correspondence: (X.-D.F.), (T.Z.), (N.S.G.)
| | - Tinghu Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Correspondence: (X.-D.F.), (T.Z.), (N.S.G.)
| | - Nathanael S. Gray
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Correspondence: (X.-D.F.), (T.Z.), (N.S.G.)
| |
Collapse
|