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Ibragimova M, Kussainova A, Aripova A, Bersimbaev R, Bulgakova O. The Molecular Mechanisms in Senescent Cells Induced by Natural Aging and Ionizing Radiation. Cells 2024; 13:550. [PMID: 38534394 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This review discusses the relationship between cellular senescence and radiation exposure. Given the wide range of ionizing radiation sources encountered by people in professional and medical spheres, as well as the influence of natural background radiation, the question of the effect of radiation on biological processes, particularly on aging processes, remains highly relevant. The parallel relationship between natural and radiation-induced cellular senescence reveals the common aspects underlying these processes. Based on recent scientific data, the key points of the effects of ionizing radiation on cellular processes associated with aging, such as genome instability, mitochondrial dysfunction, altered expression of miRNAs, epigenetic profile, and manifestation of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), are discussed. Unraveling the molecular mechanisms of cellular senescence can make a valuable contribution to the understanding of the molecular genetic basis of age-associated diseases in the context of environmental exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milana Ibragimova
- Department of General Biology and Genomics, Institute of Cell Biology and Biotechnology, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010008, Kazakhstan
| | - Assiya Kussainova
- Department of General Biology and Genomics, Institute of Cell Biology and Biotechnology, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010008, Kazakhstan
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genova, Via Pastore 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Akmaral Aripova
- Department of General Biology and Genomics, Institute of Cell Biology and Biotechnology, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010008, Kazakhstan
| | - Rakhmetkazhi Bersimbaev
- Department of General Biology and Genomics, Institute of Cell Biology and Biotechnology, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010008, Kazakhstan
| | - Olga Bulgakova
- Department of General Biology and Genomics, Institute of Cell Biology and Biotechnology, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010008, Kazakhstan
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Khazaei Monfared Y, Heidari P, Klempner SJ, Mahmood U, Parikh AR, Hong TS, Strickland MR, Esfahani SA. DNA Damage by Radiopharmaceuticals and Mechanisms of Cellular Repair. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2761. [PMID: 38140100 PMCID: PMC10748326 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA is an organic molecule that is highly vulnerable to chemical alterations and breaks caused by both internal and external factors. Cells possess complex and advanced mechanisms, including DNA repair, damage tolerance, cell cycle checkpoints, and cell death pathways, which together minimize the potentially harmful effects of DNA damage. However, in cancer cells, the normal DNA damage tolerance and response processes are disrupted or deregulated. This results in increased mutagenesis and genomic instability within the cancer cells, a known driver of cancer progression and therapeutic resistance. On the other hand, the inherent instability of the genome in rapidly dividing cancer cells can be exploited as a tool to kill by imposing DNA damage with radiopharmaceuticals. As the field of targeted radiopharmaceutical therapy (RPT) is rapidly growing in oncology, it is crucial to have a deep understanding of the impact of systemic radiation delivery by radiopharmaceuticals on the DNA of tumors and healthy tissues. The distribution and activation of DNA damage and repair pathways caused by RPT can be different based on the characteristics of the radioisotope and molecular target. Here we provide a comprehensive discussion of the biological effects of RPTs, with the main focus on the role of varying radioisotopes in inducing direct and indirect DNA damage and activating DNA repair pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Khazaei Monfared
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (Y.K.M.); (P.H.); (U.M.)
| | - Pedram Heidari
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (Y.K.M.); (P.H.); (U.M.)
| | - Samuel J. Klempner
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mass General Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (S.J.K.); (A.R.P.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Umar Mahmood
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (Y.K.M.); (P.H.); (U.M.)
| | - Aparna R. Parikh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mass General Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (S.J.K.); (A.R.P.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Theodore S. Hong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
| | - Matthew R. Strickland
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mass General Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (S.J.K.); (A.R.P.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Shadi A. Esfahani
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (Y.K.M.); (P.H.); (U.M.)
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Coll RP, Bright SJ, Martinus DKJ, Georgiou DK, Sawakuchi GO, Manning HC. Alpha Particle-Emitting Radiopharmaceuticals as Cancer Therapy: Biological Basis, Current Status, and Future Outlook for Therapeutics Discovery. Mol Imaging Biol 2023; 25:991-1019. [PMID: 37845582 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-023-01857-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Critical advances in radionuclide therapy have led to encouraging new options for cancer treatment through the pairing of clinically useful radiation-emitting radionuclides and innovative pharmaceutical discovery. Of the various subatomic particles used in therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals, alpha (α) particles show great promise owing to their relatively large size, delivered energy, finite pathlength, and resulting ionization density. This review discusses the therapeutic benefits of α-emitting radiopharmaceuticals and their pairing with appropriate diagnostics, resulting in innovative "theranostic" platforms. Herein, the current landscape of α particle-emitting radionuclides is described with an emphasis on their use in theranostic development for cancer treatment. Commonly studied radionuclides are introduced and recent efforts towards their production for research and clinical use are described. The growing popularity of these radionuclides is explained through summarizing the biological effects of α radiation on cancer cells, which include DNA damage, activation of discrete cell death programs, and downstream immune responses. Examples of efficient α-theranostic design are described with an emphasis on strategies that lead to cellular internalization and the targeting of proteins involved in therapeutic resistance. Historical barriers to the clinical deployment of α-theranostic radiopharmaceuticals are also discussed. Recent progress towards addressing these challenges is presented along with examples of incorporating α-particle therapy in pharmaceutical platforms that can be easily converted into diagnostic counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P Coll
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Rd, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Scott J Bright
- Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 6565 MD Anderson Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - David K J Martinus
- Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 6565 MD Anderson Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Dimitra K Georgiou
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Rd, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Gabriel O Sawakuchi
- Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 6565 MD Anderson Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - H Charles Manning
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Rd, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.
- Cyclotron Radiochemistry Facility, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Rd, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.
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Beaudier P, Devès G, Plawinski L, Dupuy D, Barberet P, Seznec H. Proton Microbeam Targeted Irradiation of the Gonad Primordium Region Induces Developmental Alterations Associated with Heat Shock Responses and Cuticle Defense in Caenorhabditis elegans. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1372. [PMID: 37997971 PMCID: PMC10669138 DOI: 10.3390/biology12111372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
We describe a methodology to manipulate Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) and irradiate the stem progenitor gonad region using three MeV protons at a specific developmental stage (L1). The consequences of the targeted irradiation were first investigated by considering the organogenesis of the vulva and gonad, two well-defined and characterized developmental systems in C. elegans. In addition, we adapted high-throughput analysis protocols, using cell-sorting assays (COPAS) and whole transcriptome analysis, to the limited number of worms (>300) imposed by the selective irradiation approach. Here, the presented status report validated protocols to (i) deliver a controlled dose in specific regions of the worms; (ii) immobilize synchronized worm populations (>300); (iii) specifically target dedicated cells; (iv) study the radiation-induced developmental alterations and gene induction involved in cellular stress (heat shock protein) and cuticle injury responses that were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Beaudier
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, LP2I, UMR 5797, 33170 Gradignan, France; (P.B.); (G.D.); (L.P.); (P.B.)
| | - Guillaume Devès
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, LP2I, UMR 5797, 33170 Gradignan, France; (P.B.); (G.D.); (L.P.); (P.B.)
| | - Laurent Plawinski
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, LP2I, UMR 5797, 33170 Gradignan, France; (P.B.); (G.D.); (L.P.); (P.B.)
| | - Denis Dupuy
- University Bordeaux, INSERM, U1212, 33607 Pessac, France
| | - Philippe Barberet
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, LP2I, UMR 5797, 33170 Gradignan, France; (P.B.); (G.D.); (L.P.); (P.B.)
| | - Hervé Seznec
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, LP2I, UMR 5797, 33170 Gradignan, France; (P.B.); (G.D.); (L.P.); (P.B.)
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Tomita M, Torigata M, Ohchi T, Ito A. Observation of Histone H2AX Phosphorylation by Radiation-Induced Bystander Response Using Titanium Characteristic X-ray Microbeam. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12050734. [PMID: 37237546 DOI: 10.3390/biology12050734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Radiation-induced bystander response (RIBR) is a response induced in non-irradiated cells that receive bystander signals from directly irradiated cells. X-ray microbeams are useful tools for elucidating the mechanisms underlying RIBR. However, previous X-ray microbeams used low-energy soft X-rays with higher biological effects, such as aluminum characteristic X-rays, and the difference from conventional X-rays and γ-rays has often been discussed. The microbeam X-ray cell irradiation system at the Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry has been upgraded to generate higher energy titanium characteristic X-rays (TiK X-rays), which have a longer penetration distance sufficient to irradiate 3D cultured tissues. Using this system, we irradiated the nuclei of HeLa cells with high precision and found that the pan-nuclear induction of phosphorylated histone H2AX on serine 139 (γ-H2AX) in the non-irradiated cells increased 180 and 360 min after irradiation. We established a new method to quantitatively evaluate bystander cells, using the fluorescence intensity of γ-H2AX as an indicator. The percentage of bystander cells increased significantly to 23.2% ± 3.2% and 29.3% ± 3.5% at 180 and 360 min after irradiation, respectively. Our irradiation system and the obtained results may be useful for studies of cell competition as well as non-targeted effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Tomita
- Biology and Environmental Chemistry Division, Sustainable System Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), Komae, Tokyo 201-8511, Japan
| | - Masaya Torigata
- School of Engineering, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
| | - Tadayuki Ohchi
- NTT Advanced Technology Co., Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0124, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ito
- School of Engineering, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
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Yusoff NA, Abd Hamid Z, Budin SB, Taib IS. Linking Benzene, in Utero Carcinogenicity and Fetal Hematopoietic Stem Cell Niches: A Mechanistic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076335. [PMID: 37047305 PMCID: PMC10094243 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous research reported that prolonged benzene exposure during in utero fetal development causes greater fetal abnormalities than in adult-stage exposure. This phenomenon increases the risk for disease development at the fetal stage, particularly carcinogenesis, which is mainly associated with hematological malignancies. Benzene has been reported to potentially act via multiple modes of action that target the hematopoietic stem cell (HSCs) niche, a complex microenvironment in which HSCs and multilineage hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) reside. Oxidative stress, chromosomal aberration and epigenetic modification are among the known mechanisms mediating benzene-induced genetic and epigenetic modification in fetal stem cells leading to in utero carcinogenesis. Hence, it is crucial to monitor exposure to carcinogenic benzene via environmental, occupational or lifestyle factors among pregnant women. Benzene is a well-known cause of adult leukemia. However, proof of benzene involvement with childhood leukemia remains scarce despite previously reported research linking incidences of hematological disorders and maternal benzene exposure. Furthermore, accumulating evidence has shown that maternal benzene exposure is able to alter the developmental and functional properties of HSPCs, leading to hematological disorders in fetus and children. Since HSPCs are parental blood cells that regulate hematopoiesis during the fetal and adult stages, benzene exposure that targets HSPCs may induce damage to the population and trigger the development of hematological diseases. Therefore, the mechanism of in utero carcinogenicity by benzene in targeting fetal HSPCs is the primary focus of this review.
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Pakniyat F, Mozdarani H, Nedaie HA, Mahmoudzadeh A, Salimi M, Gholami S. Bystander Response Following High-Dose X-irradiation; Time-dependent Nature of GammaH2AX Foci and Cell Death Consequences. J Biomed Phys Eng 2023; 13:17-28. [PMID: 36818004 PMCID: PMC9923241 DOI: 10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2001-1053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Background The paradigm shifts in target theory could be defined as the radiation-triggered bystander response in which the radiation deleterious effects occurred in the adjacent cells. Objective This study aims to assess bystander response in terms of DNA damage and their possible cell death consequences following high-dose radiotherapy. Temporal characteristics of gH2AX foci as a manifestation of DNA damage were also evaluated. Material and Methods In this experimental study, bystander response was investigated in human carcinoma cells of HeLa and HN5, neighboring those that received high doses. Medium transfer was performed from 10 Gy-irradiated donors to 1.5 Gy-irradiated recipients. GammaH2AX foci, clonogenic and apoptosis assays were investigated. The gH2AX foci time-point study was implemented 1, 4, and 24 h after the medium exchange. Results DNA damage was enhanced in HeLa and HN5 bystander cells with the ratio of 1.27 and 1.72, respectively, which terminated in more than two-fold clonogenic survival decrease, along with gradual apoptosis increase. GammH2AX foci temporal characterization revealed maximum foci scoring at the 1 h time-point in HeLa, and also 4 h in HN5, which remained even 24 h after the medium sharing in higher level than the control group. Conclusion The time-dependent nature of bystander-induced gH2AX foci as a DNA damage surrogate marker was highlighted with the persistent foci at 24 h. considering an outcome of bystander-induced DNA damage, predominant role of clonogenic cell death was also elicited compared to apoptosis. Moreover, the role of high-dose bystander response observed in the current work clarified bystander potential implications in radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Pakniyat
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Mozdarani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Ali Nedaie
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Radiation Oncology Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aziz Mahmoudzadeh
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Malek-Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Salimi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical Biotechnology Institute, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Gholami
- Radiation Oncology Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Yang Z, Zhong W, Yang L, Wen P, Luo Y, Wu C. The emerging role of exosomes in radiotherapy. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:171. [PMCID: PMC9620591 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00986-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Presently, more than half of cancer patients receive radiotherapy to cure localized cancer, palliate symptoms, or control the progression of cancer. However, radioresistance and radiation-induced bystander effects (RIBEs) are still challenging problems in cancer treatment. Exosomes, as a kind of extracellular vesicle, have a significant function in mediating and regulating intercellular signaling pathways. An increasing number of studies have shown that radiotherapy can increase exosome secretion and alter exosome cargo. Furthermore, radiation-induced exosomes are involved in the mechanism of radioresistance and RIBEs. Therefore, exosomes hold great promise for clinical application in radiotherapy. In this review, we not only focus on the influence of radiation on exosome biogenesis, secretion and cargoes but also on the mechanism of radiation-induced exosomes in radioresistance and RIBEs, which may expand our insight into the cooperative function of exosomes in radiotherapy.
Video abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyi Yang
- grid.412644.10000 0004 5909 0696Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Wen Zhong
- grid.412644.10000 0004 5909 0696Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Liang Yang
- grid.412644.10000 0004 5909 0696Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Ping Wen
- grid.412644.10000 0004 5909 0696Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Yixuan Luo
- grid.412644.10000 0004 5909 0696Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Chunli Wu
- grid.412644.10000 0004 5909 0696Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning, China
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Dai Z, Zhang W, Shang M, Tang H, Wu L, Wu Y, Wang T, Bian P. A Non-Cell-Autonomous Mode of DNA Damage Response in Soma of Caenorhabditis elegans. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147544. [PMID: 35886900 PMCID: PMC9318560 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Life has evolved a mechanism called DNA damage response (DDR) to sense, signal and remove/repair DNA damage, and its deficiency and dysfunction usually lead to genomic instability and development of cancer. The signaling mode of the DDR has been believed to be of cell-autonomy. However, the paradigm is being shifted with in-depth research into model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. Here, we mainly investigate the effect of DDR activation on the radiosensitivity of vulva of C. elegans, and first found that the vulval radiosensitivity is mainly regulated by somatic DDR, rather than the DDR of germline. Subsequently, the worm lines with pharynx-specific rescue of DDR were constructed, and it is shown that the 9-1-1-ATR and MRN-ATM cascades in pharynx restore approximately 90% and 70% of vulval radiosensitivity, respectively, through distantly regulating the NHEJ repair of vulval cells. The results suggest that the signaling cascade of DDR might also operate in a non-cell autonomous mode. To further explore the underlying regulatory mechanisms, the cpr-4 mutated gene is introduced into the DDR-rescued worms, and CPR-4, a cysteine protease cathepsin B, is confirmed to mediate the inter-tissue and inter-individual regulation of DDR as a signaling molecule downstream of 9-1-1-ATR. Our findings throw some light on the regulation of DNA repair in soma of C. elegans, and might also provide new cues for cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangyu Dai
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (Z.D.); (W.Z.); (H.T.); (Y.W.)
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (Z.D.); (W.Z.); (H.T.); (Y.W.)
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Mengke Shang
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; (M.S.); (L.W.)
| | - Huangqi Tang
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (Z.D.); (W.Z.); (H.T.); (Y.W.)
| | - Lijun Wu
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; (M.S.); (L.W.)
| | - Yuejin Wu
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (Z.D.); (W.Z.); (H.T.); (Y.W.)
| | - Ting Wang
- Teaching and Research Section of Nuclear Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Correspondence: (T.W.); (P.B.)
| | - Po Bian
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (Z.D.); (W.Z.); (H.T.); (Y.W.)
- Teaching and Research Section of Nuclear Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Correspondence: (T.W.); (P.B.)
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10
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Zhang Z, Li K, Hong M. Radiation-Induced Bystander Effect and Cytoplasmic Irradiation Studies with Microbeams. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11070945. [PMID: 36101326 PMCID: PMC9312136 DOI: 10.3390/biology11070945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Microbeams are useful tools in studies on non-target effects, such as the radiation-induced bystander effect, and responses related to cytoplasmic irradiation. A micrometer or even sub-micrometer-level beam size enables the precise delivery of radiation energy to a specific target. Here we summarize the observations of the bystander effect and the cytoplasmic irradiation-related effect using different kinds of microbeam irradiators as well as discuss the cellular and molecular mechanisms that are involved in these responses. Non-target effects may increase the detrimental effect caused by radiation, so a more comprehensive knowledge of the process will enable better evaluation of the damage resulting from irradiation. Abstract Although direct damage to nuclear DNA is considered as the major contributing event that leads to radiation-induced effects, accumulating evidence in the past two decades has shown that non-target events, in which cells are not directly irradiated but receive signals from the irradiated cells, or cells irradiated at extranuclear targets, may also contribute to the biological consequences of exposure to ionizing radiation. With a beam diameter at the micrometer or sub-micrometer level, microbeams can precisely deliver radiation, without damaging the surrounding area, or deposit the radiation energy at specific sub-cellular locations within a cell. Such unique features cannot be achieved by other kinds of radiation settings, hence making a microbeam irradiator useful in studies of a radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE) and cytoplasmic irradiation. Here, studies on RIBE and different responses to cytoplasmic irradiation using microbeams are summarized. Possible mechanisms related to the bystander effect, which include gap-junction intercellular communications and soluble signal molecules as well as factors involved in cytoplasmic irradiation-induced events, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Z.Z.); (K.L.)
| | - Kui Li
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Z.Z.); (K.L.)
| | - Mei Hong
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Z.Z.); (K.L.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-20-85280901
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11
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Non-Targeted Effects of Synchrotron Radiation: Lessons from Experiments at the Australian and European Synchrotrons. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12042079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Studies have been conducted at synchrotron facilities in Europe and Australia to explore a variety of applications of synchrotron X-rays in medicine and biology. We discuss the major technical aspects of the synchrotron irradiation setups, paying specific attention to the Australian Synchrotron (AS) and the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) as those best configured for a wide range of biomedical research involving animals and future cancer patients. Due to ultra-high dose rates, treatment doses can be delivered within milliseconds, abiding by FLASH radiotherapy principles. In addition, a homogeneous radiation field can be spatially fractionated into a geometric pattern called microbeam radiotherapy (MRT); a coplanar array of thin beams of microscopic dimensions. Both are clinically promising radiotherapy modalities because they trigger a cascade of biological effects that improve tumor control, while increasing normal tissue tolerance compared to conventional radiation. Synchrotrons can deliver high doses to a very small volume with low beam divergence, thus facilitating the study of non-targeted effects of these novel radiation modalities in both in-vitro and in-vivo models. Non-targeted radiation effects studied at the AS and ESRF include monitoring cell–cell communication after partial irradiation of a cell population (radiation-induced bystander effect, RIBE), the response of tissues outside the irradiated field (radiation-induced abscopal effect, RIAE), and the influence of irradiated animals on non-irradiated ones in close proximity (inter-animal RIBE). Here we provide a summary of these experiments and perspectives on their implications for non-targeted effects in biomedical fields.
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12
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He D, Zhao Z, Fu B, Li X, Zhao L, Chen Y, Liu L, Liu R, Li J. Exosomes Participate in the Radiotherapy Resistance of Cancers. Radiat Res 2022; 197:559-565. [PMID: 35588472 DOI: 10.1667/rade-21-00115.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan He
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R.China
| | | | - Bo Fu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R.China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R.China
| | - Long Zhao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R.China
| | - Yongbin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R.China
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sich
| | - Jingyi Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R.China
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13
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Cellular and Molecular Nature of Fragmentation of Human Embryos. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031349. [PMID: 35163271 PMCID: PMC8836137 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryo fragmentation represents a phenomenon generally characterized by the presence of membrane-bound extracellular cytoplasm into the perivitelline space. Recent evidence supports the cellular and molecular heterogeneity of embryo fragments. In this narrative review, we described the different embryo fragment-like cellular structures in their morphology, molecular content, and supposed function and have reported the proposed theories on their origin over the years. We identified articles related to characterization of embryo fragmentation with a specific literature search string. The occurrence of embryo fragmentation has been related to various mechanisms, of which the most studied are apoptotic cell death, membrane compartmentalization of altered DNA, cytoskeletal disorders, and vesicle formation. These phenomena are thought to result in the extrusion of entire blastomeres, release of apoptotic bodies and other vesicles, and micronuclei formation. Different patterns of fragmentation may have different etiologies and effects on embryo competence. Removal of fragments from the embryo before embryo transfer with the aim to improve implantation potential should be reconsidered on the basis of the present observations
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14
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Mukherjee S, Dutta A, Chakraborty A. The cross-talk between Bax, Bcl2, caspases, and DNA damage in bystander HepG2 cells is regulated by γ-radiation dose and time of conditioned media transfer. Apoptosis 2022; 27:184-205. [PMID: 35076828 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-022-01713-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Although radiation-induced bystander effects have been broadly explored in various biological systems, the molecular mechanisms and the consequences of different regulatory factors (dose, time, cell type) on bystander responses are not clearly understood. This study investigates the effects of irradiated cell-conditioned media (ICCM) collected at different times post-irradiation on bystander cancer cells regarding DNA damage and apoptosis induction. Human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells were exposed to γ-ray doses of 2 Gy, 5 Gy, and 8 Gy. In the early and late stages (1 h, 2 h, and 24 h) after irradiation, the ICCM was collected and transferred to unirradiated cells. Compared to control, bystander cells showed an increased level of H2AX phosphorylation, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, and elevation of intrinsic apoptotic pathway mediators such as p53, Bax, cas9, cas-3, and PARP cleavage. These results were confirmed by phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization and scanning electron microscopic observations, suggesting a rise in bystander HepG2 cell apoptosis. Anti-apoptotic Bcl2-level and viability were lower in bystander cells compared to control. The highest effects were observed in 8 Gy γ radiation-induced bystander cells. Even though the bystander effect was persistent at all time points of the study, ICCM at the early time points (1 or 2 h) had the most significant impact on the apoptosis markers in bystander cells. Nevertheless, 24 h ICCM induced the highest increase in H2AX and p53 phosphorylation and Bax levels. The effects of ICCM of irradiated HepG2 cells were additionally studied in normal liver cells BRL-3A to simulate actual radiotherapy conditions. The outcomes suggest that the expression of the signaling mediators in bystander cells is highly dynamic. A cross-talk between those signaling mediators regulates bystander responses depending on the radiation dose and time of incubation post-irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmi Mukherjee
- UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Kolkata Centre, Block-LB, Plot-8, Sector-III, Salt Lake, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700 106, India.
| | - Anindita Dutta
- UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Kolkata Centre, Block-LB, Plot-8, Sector-III, Salt Lake, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700 106, India
| | - Anindita Chakraborty
- UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Kolkata Centre, Block-LB, Plot-8, Sector-III, Salt Lake, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700 106, India
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15
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Ravichandran A, Clegg J, Adams MN, Hampson M, Fielding A, Bray LJ. 3D Breast Tumor Models for Radiobiology Applications. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5714. [PMID: 34830869 PMCID: PMC8616164 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer-associated death in women. The clinical management of breast cancers is normally carried out using a combination of chemotherapy, surgery and radiation therapy. The majority of research investigating breast cancer therapy until now has mainly utilized two-dimensional (2D) in vitro cultures or murine models of disease. However, there has been significant uptake of three-dimensional (3D) in vitro models by cancer researchers over the past decade, highlighting a complimentary model for studies of radiotherapy, especially in conjunction with chemotherapy. In this review, we underline the effects of radiation therapy on normal and malignant breast cells and tissues, and explore the emerging opportunities that pre-clinical 3D models offer in improving our understanding of this treatment modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhilandeshwari Ravichandran
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; (A.R.); (J.C.); (M.H.)
- ARC Training Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia;
| | - Julien Clegg
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; (A.R.); (J.C.); (M.H.)
- ARC Training Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia;
| | - Mark N. Adams
- ARC Training Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia;
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Madison Hampson
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; (A.R.); (J.C.); (M.H.)
| | - Andrew Fielding
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia;
| | - Laura J. Bray
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; (A.R.); (J.C.); (M.H.)
- ARC Training Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia;
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16
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Price LSL, Rivera JN, Madden AJ, Herity LB, Piscitelli JA, Mageau S, Santos CM, Roques JR, Midkiff B, Feinberg NN, Darr D, Chang SX, Zamboni WC. Minibeam radiation therapy enhanced tumor delivery of PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin in a triple-negative breast cancer mouse model. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2021; 13:17588359211053700. [PMID: 34733359 PMCID: PMC8558804 DOI: 10.1177/17588359211053700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Minibeam radiation therapy is an experimental radiation therapy utilizing an array of parallel submillimeter planar X-ray beams. In preclinical studies, minibeam radiation therapy has been shown to eradicate tumors and cause significantly less damage to normal tissue compared to equivalent radiation doses delivered by conventional broadbeam radiation therapy, where radiation dose is uniformly distributed. Methods: Expanding on prior studies that suggested minibeam radiation therapy increased perfusion in tumors, we compared a single fraction of minibeam radiation therapy (peak dose:valley dose of 28 Gy:2.1 Gy and 100 Gy:7.5 Gy) and broadbeam radiation therapy (7 Gy) in their ability to enhance tumor delivery of PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin and alter the tumor microenvironment in a murine tumor model. Plasma and tumor pharmacokinetic studies of PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin and tumor microenvironment profiling were performed in a genetically engineered mouse model of claudin-low triple-negative breast cancer (T11). Results: Minibeam radiation therapy (28 Gy) and broadbeam radiation therapy (7 Gy) increased PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin tumor delivery by 7.1-fold and 2.7-fold, respectively, compared to PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin alone, without altering the plasma disposition. The enhanced tumor delivery of PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin by minibeam radiation therapy is consistent after repeated dosing, is associated with changes in tumor macrophages but not collagen or angiogenesis, and nontoxic to local tissues. Our study indicated that the minibeam radiation therapy’s ability to enhance the drug delivery decreases from 28 to 100 Gy peak dose. Discussion: Our studies suggest that low-dose minibeam radiation therapy is a safe and effective method to significantly enhance the tumor delivery of nanoparticle agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren S L Price
- Division of Pharmacotherapy & Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Judith N Rivera
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Andrew J Madden
- Division of Pharmacotherapy & Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Leah B Herity
- Division of Pharmacotherapy & Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Joseph A Piscitelli
- Division of Pharmacotherapy & Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Savannah Mageau
- Division of Pharmacotherapy & Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Jose R Roques
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Bentley Midkiff
- Translational Pathology Lab, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nana N Feinberg
- Translational Pathology Lab, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - David Darr
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sha X Chang
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - William C Zamboni
- Division of Pharmacotherapy & Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1022B Genetic Medicine Building, 120 Mason Farm Road, Campus Box 7361, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7361, USA
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17
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Basirun C, Ferlazzo ML, Howell NR, Liu GJ, Middleton RJ, Martinac B, Narayanan SA, Poole K, Gentile C, Chou J. Microgravity × Radiation: A Space Mechanobiology Approach Toward Cardiovascular Function and Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:750775. [PMID: 34778261 PMCID: PMC8586646 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.750775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in space exploration, supported by the accelerated technological advancements in the field. This has led to a new potential environment that humans could be exposed to in the very near future, and therefore an increasing request to evaluate the impact this may have on our body, including health risks associated with this endeavor. A critical component in regulating the human pathophysiology is represented by the cardiovascular system, which may be heavily affected in these extreme environments of microgravity and radiation. This mini review aims to identify the impact of microgravity and radiation on the cardiovascular system. Being able to understand the effect that comes with deep space explorations, including that of microgravity and space radiation, may also allow us to get a deeper understanding of the heart and ultimately our own basic physiological processes. This information may unlock new factors to consider with space exploration whilst simultaneously increasing our knowledge of the cardiovascular system and potentially associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carin Basirun
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Melanie L. Ferlazzo
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW, Australia
- Inserm, U1296 Unit, Radiation: Defense, Health and Environment, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Nicholas R. Howell
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Guo-Jun Liu
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW, Australia
- Discipline of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Ryan J. Middleton
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Boris Martinac
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - S. Anand Narayanan
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Kate Poole
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Carmine Gentile
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Joshua Chou
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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18
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Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, osteoarthritis, cancer, cardiovascular and renal diseases. The onset of obesity is linked to an increase of senescent cells within adipose tissue and other organs. Cellular senescence is a stress response that has been shown to be causally linked to aging and development of various age-related diseases such as obesity. The senescence-associated-secretory phenotype of senescent cells creates a chronic inflammatory milieu that leads to local and systemic dysfunction. The elimination of senescent cells using pharmacological approaches (i.e., senolytics) has been shown to delay, prevent, or alleviate obesity-related organ dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selim Chaib
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Tamara Tchkonia
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - James L Kirkland
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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19
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Sustained Activation of TNFα-Induced DNA Damage Response in Newly Differentiated Adipocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910548. [PMID: 34638889 PMCID: PMC8508732 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The response to DNA damage is the mechanism that allows the interaction between stress signals, inflammatory secretions, DNA repair, and maintenance of cell and tissue homeostasis. Adipocyte dysfunction is the cellular trigger for various disease states such as insulin resistance, diabetes, and obesity, among many others. Previously, our group demonstrated that adipogenesis per se, from mesenchymal/stromal stem cells derived from human adipose tissue (hASCs), involves an accumulation of DNA damage and a gradual loss of the repair capacity of oxidative DNA damage. Therefore, our objective was to identify whether healthy adipocytes differentiated for the first time from hASCs, when receiving inflammatory signals induced with TNFα, were able to persistently activate the DNA Damage Response and thus trigger adipocyte dysfunction. We found that TNFα at similar levels circulating in obese humans induce a sustained response to DNA damage response as part of the Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype. This mechanism shows the impact of inflammatory environment early affect adipocyte function, independently of aging.
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20
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DNA Methylation-An Epigenetic Mark in Mutagen-Treated Brachypodium distachyon Cells. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10071408. [PMID: 34371611 PMCID: PMC8309452 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The chromatin structure is significantly influenced by some epigenetic modifications including DNA methylation. The nuclear organization plays an essential role in the cell response to external stresses including mutagens. We present an analysis of the correlation between epigenetic modifications and the instability of the Brachypodium distachyon genome, which are observed as micronuclei, following maleic hydrazide (MH) and nitroso-N-methylurea (MNU) treatments. We compared the level of DNA methylation in the control (untreated) and mutagen-treated B. distachyon nuclei. An immunostaining method using specific antibodies against modified DNA anti-5-methylcytosine was used for the evaluation of DNA methylation in a single nucleus and micronucleus. Interestingly, we showed an alteration of DNA methylation in cells after mutagenic treatments. The results indicate that DNA methylation might be involved in the response of the B. distachyon genome to mutagenic treatments. This demonstrates that analyses of the epigenetic modifications should be integrated into current plant genetic toxicology in order to explain the mechanisms of DNA damage and repair in plants.
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21
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Lobachevsky P, Forrester HB, Ivashkevich A, Mason J, Stevenson AW, Hall CJ, Sprung CN, Djonov VG, Martin OA. Synchrotron X-Ray Radiation-Induced Bystander Effect: An Impact of the Scattered Radiation, Distance From the Irradiated Site and p53 Cell Status. Front Oncol 2021; 11:685598. [PMID: 34094987 PMCID: PMC8175890 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.685598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Synchrotron radiation, especially microbeam radiotherapy (MRT), has a great potential to improve cancer radiotherapy, but non-targeted effects of synchrotron radiation have not yet been sufficiently explored. We have previously demonstrated that scattered synchrotron radiation induces measurable γ-H2AX foci, a biomarker of DNA double-strand breaks, at biologically relevant distances from the irradiated field that could contribute to the apparent accumulation of bystander DNA damage detected in cells and tissues outside of the irradiated area. Here, we quantified an impact of scattered radiation to DNA damage response in "naïve" cells sharing the medium with the cells that were exposed to synchrotron radiation. To understand the effect of genetic alterations in naïve cells, we utilised p53-null and p53-wild-type human colon cancer cells HCT116. The cells were grown in two-well chamber slides, with only one of nine zones (of equal area) of one well irradiated with broad beam or MRT. γ-H2AX foci per cell values induced by scattered radiation in selected zones of the unirradiated well were compared to the commensurate values from selected zones in the irradiated well, with matching distances from the irradiated zone. Scattered radiation highly impacted the DNA damage response in both wells and a pronounced distance-independent bystander DNA damage was generated by broad-beam irradiations, while MRT-generated bystander response was negligible. For p53-null cells, a trend for a reduced response to scattered irradiation was observed, but not to bystander signalling. These results will be taken into account for the assessment of genotoxic effects in surrounding non-targeted tissues in preclinical experiments designed to optimise conditions for clinical MRT and for cancer treatment in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Lobachevsky
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Advanced Analytical Technologies, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Helen B Forrester
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,School of Science, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alesia Ivashkevich
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Therapeutic Goods Administration, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Joel Mason
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew W Stevenson
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Organisation (CSIRO) Future Industries, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO)/Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Chris J Hall
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO)/Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Carl N Sprung
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Olga A Martin
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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22
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Genotoxic Bystander Signals from Irradiated Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Mainly Localize in the 10-100 kDa Fraction of Conditioned Medium. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040827. [PMID: 33916980 PMCID: PMC8067571 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Genotoxic bystander signals released from irradiated human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) may induce radiation-induced bystander effects (RIBEs) in human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC), potentially causing leukemic transformation. Although the source of bystander signals is evident, the identification and characterization of these signals is challenging. Here, RIBEs were analyzed in human CD34+ cells cultured in distinct molecular size fractions of medium, conditioned by 2 Gy irradiated human MSC. Specifically, γH2AX foci (as a marker of DNA double-strand breaks) and chromosomal instability were evaluated in CD34+ cells grown in approximate (I) < 10 kDa, (II) 10–100 kDa and (III) > 100 kDa fractions of MSC conditioned medium and un-/fractionated control medium, respectively. Hitherto, significantly increased numbers of γH2AX foci (p = 0.0286) and aberrant metaphases (p = 0.0022) were detected in CD34+ cells grown in the (II) 10–100 kDa fraction (0.67 ± 0.10 γH2AX foci per CD34+ cell ∨ 3.8 ± 0.3 aberrant metaphases per CD34+ cell sample; mean ± SEM) when compared to (I) < 10 kDa (0.19 ± 0.01 ∨ 0.3 ± 0.2) or (III) > 100 kDa fractions (0.23 ± 0.04 ∨ 0.4 ± 0.4) or un-/fractionated control medium (0.12 ± 0.01 ∨ 0.1 ± 0.1). Furthermore, RIBEs disappeared after heat inactivation of medium at 75 °C. Taken together, our data suggest that RIBEs are mainly mediated by the heat-sensitive (II) 10–100 kDa fraction of MSC conditioned medium. We postulate proteins as RIBE mediators and in-depth proteome analyses to identify key bystander signals, which define targets for the development of next-generation anti-leukemic drugs.
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23
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Prezado Y, Hirayama R, Matsufuji N, Inaniwa T, Martínez-Rovira I, Seksek O, Bertho A, Koike S, Labiod D, Pouzoulet F, Polledo L, Warfving N, Liens A, Bergs J, Shimokawa T. A Potential Renewed Use of Very Heavy Ions for Therapy: Neon Minibeam Radiation Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061356. [PMID: 33802835 PMCID: PMC8002595 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The treatment of hypoxic tumours continues to be one of the main challenges for radiation therapy. Minibeam radiation therapy (MBRT) shows a highly promising reduction of to-xicity in normal tissue, so that very heavy ions, such as Neon (Ne) or Argon (Ar), with extremely high LET, might become applicable to clinical situations. The high LET in the target would be unrivalled to overcome hypoxia, while MBRT might limit the side effects normally preventing the use of those heavy ions in a conventional radiotherapeutic setting. The work reported in this manuscript is the first experimental proof of the remarkable reduction of normal tissue (skin) toxicities after Ne MBRT irradiations as compared to conventional Ne irradiations. This result might allow for a renewed use of very heavy ions for cancer therapy. Abstract (1) Background: among all types of radiation, very heavy ions, such as Neon (Ne) or Argon (Ar), are the optimum candidates for hypoxic tumor treatments due to their reduced oxygen enhancement effect. However, their pioneering clinical use in the 1970s was halted due to severe side effects. The aim of this work was to provide a first proof that the combination of very heavy ions with minibeam radiation therapy leads to a minimization of toxicities and, thus, opening the door for a renewed use of heavy ions for therapy; (2) Methods: mouse legs were irradiated with either Ne MBRT or Ne broad beams at the same average dose. Skin toxicity was scored for a period of four weeks. Histopathology evaluations were carried out at the end of the study; (3) Results: a significant difference in toxicity was observed between the two irradiated groups. While severe da-mage, including necrosis, was observed in the broad beam group, only light to mild erythema was present in the MBRT group; (4) Conclusion: Ne MBRT is significantly better tolerated than conventional broad beam irradiations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Prezado
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3347, Inserm U1021, Signalisation Radiobiologie et Cancer, 91400 Orsay, France;
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3347, Inserm U1021, Signalisation Radiobiologie et Cancer, 91400 Orsay, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Ryochi Hirayama
- Department of Charged Particle Therapy Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; (R.H.); (N.M.); (T.I.); (S.K.); (T.S.)
| | - Naruhiro Matsufuji
- Department of Charged Particle Therapy Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; (R.H.); (N.M.); (T.I.); (S.K.); (T.S.)
- Department of Accelerator and Medical Physics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Taku Inaniwa
- Department of Charged Particle Therapy Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; (R.H.); (N.M.); (T.I.); (S.K.); (T.S.)
- Department of Accelerator and Medical Physics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Immaculada Martínez-Rovira
- Ionizing Radiation Research Group, Physics Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), E-08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain;
| | - Olivier Seksek
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Paris, IJCLab, Pole Santé, 91405 Orsay, France;
| | - Annaïg Bertho
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3347, Inserm U1021, Signalisation Radiobiologie et Cancer, 91400 Orsay, France;
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3347, Inserm U1021, Signalisation Radiobiologie et Cancer, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Sachiko Koike
- Department of Charged Particle Therapy Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; (R.H.); (N.M.); (T.I.); (S.K.); (T.S.)
- Department of Accelerator and Medical Physics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Dalila Labiod
- Experimental Radiotherapy Platform, Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, Université Paris Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France; (D.L.); (F.P.)
| | - Frederic Pouzoulet
- Experimental Radiotherapy Platform, Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, Université Paris Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France; (D.L.); (F.P.)
| | - Laura Polledo
- AnaPath Services GmbH, Hammerstrasse 49, 4410 Liestal, Switzerland; (L.P.); (N.W.); (A.L.)
| | - Nils Warfving
- AnaPath Services GmbH, Hammerstrasse 49, 4410 Liestal, Switzerland; (L.P.); (N.W.); (A.L.)
| | - Aléthéa Liens
- AnaPath Services GmbH, Hammerstrasse 49, 4410 Liestal, Switzerland; (L.P.); (N.W.); (A.L.)
| | - Judith Bergs
- Department of Radiology Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CCM Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Takashi Shimokawa
- Department of Charged Particle Therapy Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; (R.H.); (N.M.); (T.I.); (S.K.); (T.S.)
- Department of Accelerator and Medical Physics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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Ventura JA, Donoghue JF, Nowell CJ, Cann LM, Day LRJ, Smyth LML, Forrester HB, Rogers PAW, Crosbie JC. The γH2AX DSB marker may not be a suitable biodosimeter to measure the biological MRT valley dose. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 97:642-656. [PMID: 33617395 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1893854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE γH2AX biodosimetry has been proposed as an alternative dosimetry method for microbeam radiation therapy (MRT) because conventional dosimeters, such as ionization chambers, lack the spatial resolution required to accurately measure the MRT valley dose. Here we investigated whether γH2AX biodosimetry should be used to measure the biological valley dose of MRT-irradiated mammalian cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS We irradiated human skin fibroblasts and mouse skin flaps with synchrotron MRT and broad beam (BB) radiation. BB doses of 1-5 Gy were used to generate a calibration curve in order to estimate the biological MRT valley dose using the γH2AX assay. RESULTS Our key finding was that MRT induced a non-linear dose response compared to BB, where doses 2-3 times greater showed the same level of DNA DSB damage in the valley in cell and tissue studies. This indicates that γH2AX may not be an appropriate biodosimeter to estimate the biological valley doses of MRT-irradiated samples. We also established foci yields of 5.9 ± 0 . 04 and 27.4 ± 2 . 5 foci/cell/Gy in mouse skin tissue and human fibroblasts respectively, induced by BB. Using Monte Carlo simulations, a linear dose response was seen in cell and tissue studies and produced predicted peak-to-valley dose ratios (PVDRs) of ∼30 and ∼107 for human fibroblasts and mouse skin tissue respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our report highlights novel MRT radiobiology, attempts to explain why γH2AX may not be an appropriate biodosimeter and suggests further studies aimed at revealing the biological and cellular communication mechanisms that drive the normal tissue sparing effect, which is characteristic of MRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Ventura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Jacqueline F Donoghue
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Cameron J Nowell
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
| | - Leonie M Cann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Liam R J Day
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lloyd M L Smyth
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Helen B Forrester
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Peter A W Rogers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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Maury P, Porcel E, Mau A, Lux F, Tillement O, Mahou P, Schanne-Klein MC, Lacombe S. Rapid Evaluation of Novel Therapeutic Strategies Using a 3D Collagen-Based Tissue-Like Model. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:574035. [PMID: 33681152 PMCID: PMC7929985 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.574035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
2D cell cultures are commonly used to rapidly evaluate the therapeutic potential of various treatments on living cells. However, the effects of the extracellular matrix (ECM) including the 3D arrangement of cells and the complex physiology of native environment are missing, which makes these models far from in vivo conditions. 3D cell models have emerged in preclinical studies to simulate the impact of the ECM and partially bridge the gap between monolayer cultures and in vivo tissues. To date, the difficulty to handle the existing 3D models, the cost of their production and their poor reproducibility have hindered their use. Here, we present a reproducible and commercially available "3D cell collagen-based model" (3D-CCM) that allows to study the influence of the matrix on nanoagent uptake and radiation effects. The cell density in these samples is homogeneous. The oxygen concentration in the 3D-CCM is tunable, which opens the opportunity to investigate hypoxic effects. In addition, thanks to the intrinsic properties of the collagen, the second harmonic imaging microscopy may be used to probe the whole volume and visualize living cells in real-time. Thus, the architecture and composition of 3D-CCMs as well as the impact of various therapeutic strategies on cells embedded in the ECM is observed directly. Moreover, the disaggregation of the collagen matrix allows recovering of cells without damaging them. It is a major advantage that makes possible single cell analysis and quantification of treatment effects using clonogenic assay. In this work, 3D-CCMs were used to evaluate the correlative efficacies of nanodrug exposure and medical radiation on cells contained in a tumor like sample. A comparison with monolayer cell cultures was performed showing the advantageous outcome and the higher potential of 3D-CCMs. This cheap and easy to handle approach is more ethical than in vivo experiments, thus, giving a fast evaluation of cellular responses to various treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Maury
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, Orsay, France
| | - Erika Porcel
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, Orsay, France
| | - Adrien Mau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, Orsay, France
| | - François Lux
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Institut Lumière Matière, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR 5306 CNRS-UCBL, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Olivier Tillement
- Institut Lumière Matière, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR 5306 CNRS-UCBL, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Pierre Mahou
- Laboratoire d’Optique et Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Marie-Claire Schanne-Klein
- Laboratoire d’Optique et Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Sandrine Lacombe
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, Orsay, France
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26
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The role of connexin proteins and their channels in radiation-induced atherosclerosis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:3087-3103. [PMID: 33388835 PMCID: PMC8038956 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03716-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is an effective treatment for breast cancer and other thoracic tumors. However, while high-energy radiotherapy treatment successfully kills cancer cells, radiation exposure of the heart and large arteries cannot always be avoided, resulting in secondary cardiovascular disease in cancer survivors. Radiation-induced changes in the cardiac vasculature may thereby lead to coronary artery atherosclerosis, which is a major cardiovascular complication nowadays in thoracic radiotherapy-treated patients. The underlying biological and molecular mechanisms of radiation-induced atherosclerosis are complex and still not fully understood, resulting in potentially improper radiation protection. Ionizing radiation (IR) exposure may damage the vascular endothelium by inducing DNA damage, oxidative stress, premature cellular senescence, cell death and inflammation, which act to promote the atherosclerotic process. Intercellular communication mediated by connexin (Cx)-based gap junctions and hemichannels may modulate IR-induced responses and thereby the atherosclerotic process. However, the role of endothelial Cxs and their channels in atherosclerotic development after IR exposure is still poorly defined. A better understanding of the underlying biological pathways involved in secondary cardiovascular toxicity after radiotherapy would facilitate the development of effective strategies that prevent or mitigate these adverse effects. Here, we review the possible roles of intercellular Cx driven signaling and communication in radiation-induced atherosclerosis.
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27
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Tremi I, Nowsheen S, Aziz K, Siva S, Ventura J, Hatzi VI, Martin OA, Georgakilas AG. Inflammation and oxidatively induced DNA damage: A synergy leading to cancer development. Cancer 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819547-5.00013-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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28
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Fernandes S, Nogueira V, Lourenço J, Mendo S, Pereira R. Inter-species bystander effect: Eisenia fetida and Enchytraeus albidus exposed to uranium and cadmium. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 399:122972. [PMID: 32526440 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The bystander effect is commonly defined as the observation of effects in nonirradiated cells and tissues when the later are in contact with irradiated cells/ tissues. More recently the occurrence of bystander effect between organisms of the same species has been also demonstrated. Nevertheless, there is limited knowledge about this effect between soil dwelling organisms from different taxonomic groups, as well as in response to stressors other than ionizing radiation. Moreover, data reporting this phenomenon for soil invertebrates are scarce. The results herein presented contribute for the understanding of the impacts of cadmium and uranium in the DNA integrity of two terrestrial oligochaetes species (Eisenia fetida and Enchytraeus albidus). The evaluation was based on the quantification of the effects in the DNA integrity of the coelomocytes using the alkaline comet assay technique. This work reports the existence of bystander signaling from terrestrial earthworms to enchytraeids and from enchytraeids to earthworms when the organisms were exposed to Cd. These results reinforce that the bystander effect seems to be related with the genotoxic activity of stressors, and not exclusive of radiotoxic contaminants. Further, the bystander effect occurs between different species and under real environmental conditions, even in complex matrices, as the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fernandes
- GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Center & Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Porto, Portugal.
| | - V Nogueira
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research and Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Porto, Portugal
| | - J Lourenço
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - S Mendo
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - R Pereira
- GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Center & Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Porto, Portugal
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29
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Heeran AB, Berrigan HP, Buckley CE, Bottu HM, Prendiville O, Buckley AM, Clarke N, Donlon NE, Nugent TS, Durand M, Dunne C, Larkin JO, Mehigan B, McCormick P, Brennan L, Lynam-Lennon N, O'Sullivan J. Radiation-induced Bystander Effect (RIBE) alters mitochondrial metabolism using a human rectal cancer ex vivo explant model. Transl Oncol 2020; 14:100882. [PMID: 33129115 PMCID: PMC7586242 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Locally advanced rectal cancer is treated with neoadjuvant-chemoradiotherapy, however only 22% of patients achieve a complete response. Resistance mechanisms are poorly understood. Radiation-induced Bystander Effect (RIBE) describes the effect of radiation on neighbouring unirradiated cells. We investigated the effects of ex vivo RIBE-induction from normal and rectal cancer tissue on bystander cell metabolism, mitochondrial function and metabolomic profiling. We correlated bystander events to patient clinical characteristics. Ex vivo RIBE-induction caused metabolic alterations in bystander cells, specifically reductions in OXPHOS following RIBE-induction in normal (p = 0.01) and cancer tissue (p = 0.03) and reduced glycolysis following RIBE-induction in cancer tissue (p = 0.01). Visceral fat area correlated with glycolysis (p = 0.02) and ATP production (p = 0.03) following exposure of cells to TCM from irradiated cancer biopsies. Leucine levels were reduced in the irradiated cancer compared to the irradiated normal secretome (p = 0.04). ROS levels were higher in cells exposed to the cancer compared to the normal secretome (p = 0.04). RIBE-induction ex vivo causes alterations in the metabolome in normal and malignant rectal tissue along with metabolic alterations in bystander cellular metabolism. This may offer greater understanding of the effects of RIBE on metabolism, mitochondrial function and the secreted metabolome. RIBE induction ex vivo alters mitochondrial metabolism in bystander cells. Rectal cancer secretome increases ROS in bystander cells. Higher leucine levels in the irradiated normal rectal secretome compared to the irradiated rectal cancer secretome Glycolysis and ATP levels in bystander cells correlate with patient's visceral fat area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisling B Heeran
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Helen P Berrigan
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Croí E Buckley
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Heleena Moni Bottu
- Institute of Food and Health and Conway Institute, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, UCD, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Orla Prendiville
- Institute of Food and Health and Conway Institute, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, UCD, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Amy M Buckley
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Niamh Clarke
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Noel E Donlon
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Timothy S Nugent
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | | | - Cara Dunne
- GEMS, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | | | | | | | - Lorraine Brennan
- Institute of Food and Health and Conway Institute, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, UCD, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Niamh Lynam-Lennon
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Jacintha O'Sullivan
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland.
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30
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Radiation-induced bystander and abscopal effects: important lessons from preclinical models. Br J Cancer 2020; 123:339-348. [PMID: 32581341 PMCID: PMC7403362 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-0942-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a pivotal component in the curative treatment of patients with localised cancer and isolated metastasis, as well as being used as a palliative strategy for patients with disseminated disease. The clinical efficacy of radiotherapy has traditionally been attributed to the local effects of ionising radiation, which induces cell death by directly and indirectly inducing DNA damage, but substantial work has uncovered an unexpected and dual relationship between tumour irradiation and the host immune system. In clinical practice, it is, therefore, tempting to tailor immunotherapies with radiotherapy in order to synergise innate and adaptive immunity against cancer cells, as well as to bypass immune tolerance and exhaustion, with the aim of facilitating tumour regression. However, our understanding of how radiation impacts on immune system activation is still in its early stages, and concerns and challenges regarding therapeutic applications still need to be overcome. With the increasing use of immunotherapy and its common combination with ionising radiation, this review briefly delineates current knowledge about the non-targeted effects of radiotherapy, and aims to provide insights, at the preclinical level, into the mechanisms that are involved with the potential to yield clinically relevant combinatorial approaches of radiotherapy and immunotherapy.
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31
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Shemetun OV, Pilinska MA. RADIATION-INDUCED BYSTANDER EFFECT - MODELING, MANIFESTATION, MECHANISMS, PERSISTENCE, CANCER RISKS (literature review). PROBLEMY RADIAT︠S︡IĬNOÏ MEDYT︠S︡YNY TA RADIOBIOLOHIÏ 2020; 24:65-92. [PMID: 31841459 DOI: 10.33145/2304-8336-2019-24-65-92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The review summarizes and analyzes the data of world scientific literature and the results of the own research con- cerning one of the main non-targeted effects of ionizing radiation - the radiation induced bystander effect (RIBE) - the ability of irradiated target cells to induce secondary biological changes in non-irradiated receptor cells. The his- tory of studies of this phenomenon is presented - it described under various names since 1905, began to study from the end of the twentieth century when named as RIBE and caused particular interest in the scientific community during recent decades. It is shown that the development of biological science and the improvement of research methods allowed to get new in-depth data on the development of RIBE not only at the level of the whole organism, but even at the genome level. The review highlights the key points of numerous RIBE investigations including mod- eling; methodological approaches to studying; classification; features of interaction between irradiated and intact cells; the role of the immune system, oxidative stress, cytogenetic disorders, changes in gene expression in the mechanism of development of RIBE; rescue effect, abscopal effect, persistence, modification, medical effects. It is emphasized that despite the considerable amount of research concerning the bystander response as the universal phenomenon and RIBE as one of its manifestations, there are still enough «white spots» in determining the mech- anisms of the RIBE formation and assessing the possible consequences of its development for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- O V Shemetun
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of MedicalSciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka St., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - M A Pilinska
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of MedicalSciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka St., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
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32
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Martin OA, Martin RF. Cancer Radiotherapy: Understanding the Price of Tumor Eradication. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:261. [PMID: 32391355 PMCID: PMC7193305 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Olga A Martin
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Roger F Martin
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Hoorelbeke D, Decrock E, De Smet M, De Bock M, Descamps B, Van Haver V, Delvaeye T, Krysko DV, Vanhove C, Bultynck G, Leybaert L. Cx43 channels and signaling via IP 3/Ca 2+, ATP, and ROS/NO propagate radiation-induced DNA damage to non-irradiated brain microvascular endothelial cells. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:194. [PMID: 32188841 PMCID: PMC7080808 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2392-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapeutic treatment consists of targeted application of radiation beams to a tumor but exposure of surrounding healthy tissue is inevitable. In the brain, ionizing radiation induces breakdown of the blood-brain barrier by effects on brain microvascular endothelial cells. Damage from directly irradiated cells can be transferred to surrounding non-exposed bystander cells, known as the radiation-induced bystander effect. We investigated involvement of connexin channels and paracrine signaling in radiation-induced bystander DNA damage in brain microvascular endothelial cells exposed to focused X-rays. Irradiation caused DNA damage in the directly exposed area, which propagated over several millimeters in the bystander area. DNA damage was significantly reduced by the connexin channel-targeting peptide Gap26 and the Cx43 hemichannel blocker TAT-Gap19. ATP release, dye uptake, and patch clamp experiments showed that hemichannels opened within 5 min post irradiation in both irradiated and bystander areas. Bystander signaling involved cellular Ca2+ dynamics and IP3, ATP, ROS, and NO signaling, with Ca2+, IP3, and ROS as crucial propagators of DNA damage. We conclude that bystander effects are communicated by a concerted cascade involving connexin channels, and IP3/Ca2+, ATP, ROS, and NO as major contributors of regenerative signal expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Hoorelbeke
- Physiology group, Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elke Decrock
- Physiology group, Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maarten De Smet
- Physiology group, Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marijke De Bock
- Physiology group, Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Benedicte Descamps
- Infinity Lab, IBiTech-MEDISIP, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Valérie Van Haver
- Physiology group, Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tinneke Delvaeye
- Physiology group, Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dmitri V Krysko
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Physiology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moskow, Russia
| | - Christian Vanhove
- Infinity Lab, IBiTech-MEDISIP, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Bultynck
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luc Leybaert
- Physiology group, Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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Enhancement of DNA damage repair potential in germ cells of Caenorhabditis elegans by a volatile signal from their irradiated partners. DNA Repair (Amst) 2019; 86:102755. [PMID: 31812126 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2019.102755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Radiation-induced bystander effects have been demonstrated within organisms. Recently, it is found that the organisms can also signal irradiation cues to their co-cultured partners in a waterborne manner. In contrast, there is a limited understanding of radiation-induced airborne signaling between individuals, especially on the aspect of DNA damage responses (DDR). Here, we establish a co-culture experimental system using Caenorhabdis elegans in a top-bottom layout, where communication between "top" and "bottom" worms is airborne. The radiation response of top worms is evaluated using radio-adaptive response (RAR) of embryonic lethality (F1), which reflects an enhancement in repair potential of germ cells to subsequent DNA damage. It is shown that gamma-irradiation of bottom worms alleviates the embryonic lethality of top worms caused by 25 Gy of subsequent gamma-irradiation, i.e. RAR, indicating that a volatile signal might play an essential role in radiation-induced inter-worm communication. The RAR is absent in the top worms impaired in DNA damage checkpoint, nucleotide excision repair, and olfactory sensory neurons, respectively. The induction of RAR is restricted to the mitotic zone of the female germline of hermaphrodites. These results indicate that the top worms sense the volatile signal through cephalic sensory neurons, and the neural stimulation distantly modulates the DDR in germ mitotic cells, leading to the enhancement of DNA damage repair potential. The volatile signal is produced specifically by the L3-stage bottom worms and functionally distinct from the known sex pheromone. Its production and/or release are regulated by water-soluble ascaroside pheromones in a population-dependent manner.
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35
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Cathepsin B inhibitors block multiple radiation-induced side effects in C. elegans. Cell Res 2019; 29:1042-1045. [PMID: 31664165 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-019-0247-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Heeran AB, Berrigan HP, O'Sullivan J. The Radiation-Induced Bystander Effect (RIBE) and its Connections with the Hallmarks of Cancer. Radiat Res 2019; 192:668-679. [PMID: 31618121 DOI: 10.1667/rr15489.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Radiation therapy is one of the pillars of cancer treatment, with approximately one half of all cancer patients receiving it as part of their standard of care. Emerging evidence indicates that the biological effects of radiation are not limited to targeted cells. The radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE) refers to the plethora of biological phenomena occurring in nonirradiated cells as a result of signal transmission from an irradiated cell. Experimental evidence has linked RIBE to numerous hallmarks of cancer including resisting cell death, tumor immune evasion, genomic instability, deregulated cellular energetics, tumor-promoting inflammation and sustained proliferative signaling as well as enhanced radioresistance, thus highlighting the potential role of RIBE events in patient treatment response. The mechanisms underlying RIBE events in vivo are poorly understood. However, elucidating the molecular mechanisms involved in their manifestation may reveal novel therapeutic targets to improve radiation response in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisling B Heeran
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Surgery, Trinity College Dublin and St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Helen P Berrigan
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Surgery, Trinity College Dublin and St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Jacintha O'Sullivan
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Surgery, Trinity College Dublin and St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
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37
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Kanagaraj K, Rajan V, Pandey BN, Thayalan K, Venkatachalam P. Primary and secondary bystander effect and genomic instability in cells exposed to high and low linear energy transfer radiations. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:1648-1658. [PMID: 31486717 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1665208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Non-Targeted effects (NTE), such as bystander effect (BE) and genomic instability (GI) challenge central dogma of radiation biology. Moreover, there is a need to understand its universality in different type of cells and radiation quality.Materials and method: To study BE (primary and secondary) and GI Human adult dermal fibroblast (HADF) and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were exposed to low fluence of 241Am alpha (α) particle and 6 MV X-ray. The BE was carried out by means of co-culture methodology after exposing the cells to both types of radiation and damage was measured using micronucleus assay (MN) and chromosomal aberration assay (CA) in the p1 cells while the GI was followed up in their progeny.Results: A dose-dependent increase in DNA damages (MN and CA) was observed in directly irradiated and bystander cells. The magnitude of BE was higher (6 fold) in cells co-cultured with the α-irradiated cells than that of with X-irradiated cells. Cross exposure of both cell types confirms that radiation induced BE is cell type dependent. In addition, induced DNA damage persisted for a longer population doubling in α-particle irradiated cells.Conclusion: This work adds evidence to secondary bystander response generated from primary bystander normal cells and its dependence to radiation quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kanagaraj
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai, India
| | - V Rajan
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Badri N Pandey
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - K Thayalan
- Department of Radiation oncology, Kamakshi Memorial Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - P Venkatachalam
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai, India
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38
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Panzarini E, Vergallo C, Fanizzi FP, Mariano S, Tata AM, Dini L. The dialogue between died and viable cells: in vitro and in vivo bystander effects and 1H-NMR-based metabolic profiling of soluble factors. PURE APPL CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2018-1226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The bystander effect (BE) is an important biological phenomenon that induces damages in distant and not directly affected by a chemical/physical stress cells. This effect, well known in ionizing radiation treatment, relies on reactive signals released by exposed cells and transmitted via cell–cell interaction or culture medium. In this study, cycloheximide (CHX)-induced apoptotic U937 cells and untreated THP-1 cells were chosen to investigate the chemical-induced BE. The effects of apoptotic U937 cells culture medium, Conditioned Medium (CM), on THP-1 cells were evaluated by morphological and immunohistochemical analysis performed by light microscopy; 1D 1H and 2D J-resolved (JRES) NMR metabolomic analysis has been used to characterize the molecules involved in the BE. In summary, this study indicates that: CM of CHX-treated U937 cells induces a time-dependent induction of toxicity, probably apoptotic cell death, and macrophagic differentiation in THP-1 cells; CM contains different metabolites respect fresh culture medium; CM recruits in vivo activated fibroblasts, endothelial cells, macrophages and mononuclear inflammatory cells in rat calf muscles. These data suggest that CHX exposed cells could cause BE through the release, during the apoptotic process, of soluble factors into the medium that could be exploited in anticancer protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Panzarini
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.) , University of Salento , Lecce , Italy
| | - Cristian Vergallo
- Department of Pharmacy , University of Chieti-Pescara “G. D’Annunzio” , Chieti , Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Fanizzi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.) , University of Salento , Lecce , Italy
| | - Stefania Mariano
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.) , University of Salento , Lecce , Italy
| | - Ada Maria Tata
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin” , Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Luciana Dini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin” , Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
- CNR-Nanotec , Lecce , Italy
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39
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Torfeh E, Simon M, Muggiolu G, Devès G, Vianna F, Bourret S, Incerti S, Barberet P, Seznec H. Monte-Carlo dosimetry and real-time imaging of targeted irradiation consequences in 2-cell stage Caenorhabditis elegans embryo. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10568. [PMID: 31332255 PMCID: PMC6646656 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47122-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Charged-particle microbeams (CPMs) provide a unique opportunity to investigate the effects of ionizing radiation on living biological specimens with a precise control of the delivered dose, i.e. the number of particles per cell. We describe a methodology to manipulate and micro-irradiate early stage C. elegans embryos at a specific phase of the cell division and with a controlled dose using a CPM. To validate this approach, we observe the radiation-induced damage, such as reduced cell mobility, incomplete cell division and the appearance of chromatin bridges during embryo development, in different strains expressing GFP-tagged proteins in situ after irradiation. In addition, as the dosimetry of such experiments cannot be extrapolated from random irradiations of cell populations, realistic three-dimensional models of 2 cell-stage embryo were imported into the Geant4 Monte-Carlo simulation toolkit. Using this method, we investigate the energy deposit in various chromatin condensation states during the cell division phases. The experimental approach coupled to Monte-Carlo simulations provides a way to selectively irradiate a single cell in a rapidly dividing multicellular model with a reproducible dose. This method opens the way to dose-effect investigations following targeted irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Torfeh
- Université de Bordeaux, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Chemin du Solarium, 33175, Gradignan, France.,CNRS, UMR5797, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Chemin du Solarium, 33175, Gradignan, France
| | - Marina Simon
- Université de Bordeaux, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Chemin du Solarium, 33175, Gradignan, France.,CNRS, UMR5797, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Chemin du Solarium, 33175, Gradignan, France
| | - Giovanna Muggiolu
- Université de Bordeaux, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Chemin du Solarium, 33175, Gradignan, France.,CNRS, UMR5797, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Chemin du Solarium, 33175, Gradignan, France
| | - Guillaume Devès
- Université de Bordeaux, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Chemin du Solarium, 33175, Gradignan, France.,CNRS, UMR5797, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Chemin du Solarium, 33175, Gradignan, France
| | - François Vianna
- Université de Bordeaux, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Chemin du Solarium, 33175, Gradignan, France.,CNRS, UMR5797, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Chemin du Solarium, 33175, Gradignan, France.,François Vianna: Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Bat.159, BP3, 13115, St-Paul-Lez-Durance, Cedex, France
| | - Stéphane Bourret
- Université de Bordeaux, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Chemin du Solarium, 33175, Gradignan, France.,CNRS, UMR5797, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Chemin du Solarium, 33175, Gradignan, France
| | - Sébastien Incerti
- Université de Bordeaux, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Chemin du Solarium, 33175, Gradignan, France.,CNRS, UMR5797, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Chemin du Solarium, 33175, Gradignan, France
| | - Philippe Barberet
- Université de Bordeaux, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Chemin du Solarium, 33175, Gradignan, France. .,CNRS, UMR5797, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Chemin du Solarium, 33175, Gradignan, France.
| | - Hervé Seznec
- Université de Bordeaux, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Chemin du Solarium, 33175, Gradignan, France. .,CNRS, UMR5797, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Chemin du Solarium, 33175, Gradignan, France.
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40
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Freudenmann LK, Mayer C, Rodemann HP, Dittmann K. Reduced exosomal L-Plastin is responsible for radiation-induced bystander effect. Exp Cell Res 2019; 383:111498. [PMID: 31302031 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.111498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Radiation-induced bystander effects (RIBE) are discussed as relevant processes during radiotherapy. Irradiated cells are suggested to release growth-inhibitory/DNA-damaging factors transported to non-irradiated cells. However, the molecular nature of this phenomenon has not yet been resolved. We aimed at identifying the growth-inhibitory factor(s) transmitted to non-irradiated cells. RIBE-competent PC3 cells were used to produce conditioned medium (CM) after exposure to ionizing radiation. Indicator cells were incubated with CM and clonogenic survival as well as cell proliferation were determined as endpoints. A549 indicator cells exhibited a bystander effect upon incubation with CM from irradiated PC3 cells. This bystander effect was not due to DNA-damaging factors, but a radiation-triggered reduction of mitogenic/clonogenic activity present in CM. Several tumor cells, but not normal fibroblasts secrete this factor, whose release is reduced by irradiation. We identified L-Plastin to be responsible for the mitogenic/clonogenic activity. Removal of L-Plastin from CM by immunoprecipitation or siRNA-mediated knockdown of L-Plastin expression resulted in loss or reduction of mitogenic/clonogenic activity transmitted via CM, respectively. Exosome-transported L-Plastin was constitutively Ser5-phosphorylated, indicative of its bioactive conformation. In summary, we observed production and exosomal secretion of L-Plastin by cancer cells. Via exosome-transmitted L-Plastin, tumors induce clonogenic and mitogenic activity in cancer and normal cells of the tumor microenvironment. Irradiation inhibits L-Plastin production targeting both cancer cells and the tumor niche and may explain the high impact of radiotherapy in tumor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Katharina Freudenmann
- Division of Radiobiology and Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Germany; DKFZ Partner Site Tübingen, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Germany
| | - Claus Mayer
- Division of Radiobiology and Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Germany; DKFZ Partner Site Tübingen, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Germany
| | - H Peter Rodemann
- Division of Radiobiology and Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Germany; DKFZ Partner Site Tübingen, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Germany
| | - Klaus Dittmann
- Division of Radiobiology and Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Germany; DKFZ Partner Site Tübingen, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Germany.
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41
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Cao X, Wen P, Fu Y, Gao Y, Qi X, Chen B, Tao Y, Wu L, Xu A, Lu H, Zhao G. Radiation induces apoptosis primarily through the intrinsic pathway in mammalian cells. Cell Signal 2019; 62:109337. [PMID: 31173879 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Radiation-induced tumor cells death is the theoretical basis of tumor radiotherapy. Death signaling disorder is the most important factor for radioresistance. However, the signaling pathway(s) leading to radiation-triggered cell death is (are) still not completely known. To better understand the cell death signaling induced by radiation, the immortalized mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) deficient in "initiator" caspases, "effector" caspases or different Bcl-2 family proteins together with human colon carcinoma cell HCT116 were used. Our data indicated that radiation selectively induced the activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3/7 but not caspase-8 by triggering mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP). Importantly, the role of radiation in MOMP is independent of the activation of both "initiator" and "effector" caspases. Furthermore, both proapoptotic and antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins were involved in radiation-induced apoptotic signaling. Overall, our study indicated that radiation specifically triggered the intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway through Bcl-2 family protein-dependent mitochondrial permeabilization, which indicates targeting mitochondria is a promising strategy for cancer radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianbin Cao
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei, PR China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, PR China
| | - Pengbo Wen
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei, PR China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, PR China
| | - Yanfang Fu
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, Chizhou University, Chizhou, Anhui 247000, PR China
| | - Yang Gao
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei, PR China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, PR China
| | - Xiaojing Qi
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei, PR China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, PR China
| | - Bin Chen
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei, PR China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, PR China
| | - Yinping Tao
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei, PR China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, PR China
| | - Lijun Wu
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei, PR China
| | - An Xu
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei, PR China
| | - Huayi Lu
- Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China.
| | - Guoping Zhao
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei, PR China.
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42
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Karthik K, Rajan V, Pandey BN, Sivasubramanian K, Paul SF, Venkatachalam P. Direct and bystander effects in human blood lymphocytes exposed to 241Am alpha particles and the relative biological effectiveness using chromosomal aberration and micronucleus assay. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:725-736. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1589018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Karthik
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Vasumathy Rajan
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Badri N. Pandey
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - K. Sivasubramanian
- Radiological Safety Division, Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, India
| | - Solomon F.D. Paul
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - P. Venkatachalam
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
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43
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Yahyapour R, Salajegheh A, Safari A, Amini P, Rezaeyan A, Amraee A, Najafi M. Radiation-induced Non-targeted Effect and Carcinogenesis; Implications in Clinical Radiotherapy. J Biomed Phys Eng 2018; 8:435-446. [PMID: 30568933 PMCID: PMC6280111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Bystander or non-targeted effect is known to be an interesting phenomenon in radiobiology. The genetic consequences of bystander effect on non-irradiated cells have shown that this phenomenon can be considered as one of the most important factors involved in secondary cancer after exposure to ionizing radiation. Every year, millions of people around the world undergo radiotherapy in order to cure different types of cancers. The most crucial aim of radiotherapy is to improve treatment efficiency by reducing early and late effects of exposure to clinical doses of radiation. Secondary cancer induction resulted from exposure to high doses of radiation during treatment can reduce the effectiveness of this modality for cancer treatment. The perception of carcinogenesis risk of bystander effects and factors involved in this phenomenon might help reduce secondary cancer incidence years after radiotherapy. Different modalities such as radiation LET, dose and dose rate, fractionation, types of tissue, gender of patients, etc. may be involved in carcinogenesis risk of bystander effects. Therefore, selecting an appropriate treatment modality may improve cost-effectiveness of radiation therapy as well as the quality of life in survived patients. In this review, we first focus on the carcinogenesis evidence of non-targeted effects in radiotherapy and then review physical and biological factors that may influence the risk of secondary cancer induced by this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Yahyapour
- School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - A. Salajegheh
- Department of Radiology, School of Paramedical, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - A. Safari
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - P. Amini
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A. Rezaeyan
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A. Amraee
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M. Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Science, Kermanshah, Iran
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44
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Kumar G, Singh S. Nuclear Polymorphism Induced Genomic Instability in Cluster Bean [ Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.] (Fabaceae). CYTOLOGIA 2018. [DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.83.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Girjesh Kumar
- Plant Genetics Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad
| | - Shefali Singh
- Plant Genetics Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad
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45
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Genome instability syndromes caused by impaired DNA repair and aberrant DNA damage responses. Cell Biol Toxicol 2018; 34:337-350. [DOI: 10.1007/s10565-018-9429-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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46
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Pustovalova M, Astrelina ТA, Grekhova A, Vorobyeva N, Tsvetkova A, Blokhina T, Nikitina V, Suchkova Y, Usupzhanova D, Brunchukov V, Kobzeva I, Karaseva Т, Ozerov IV, Samoylov A, Bushmanov A, Leonov S, Izumchenko E, Zhavoronkov A, Klokov D, Osipov AN. Residual γH2AX foci induced by low dose x-ray radiation in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells do not cause accelerated senescence in the progeny of irradiated cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2018; 9:2397-2410. [PMID: 29165316 PMCID: PMC5723693 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying the effects of low-dose ionizing radiation (IR) exposure (10-100 mGy) remain unknown. Here we present a comparative study of early (less than 24h) and delayed (up to 11 post-irradiation passages) radiation effects caused by low (80 mGy) vs intermediate (1000 mGy) dose X-ray exposure in cultured human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). We show that γН2АХ foci induced by an intermediate dose returned back to the control value by 24 h post-irradiation. In contrast, low-dose irradiation resulted in residual γН2АХ foci still present at 24 h. Notably, these low dose induced residual γН2АХ foci were not co-localized with рАТМ foci and were observed predominantly in the proliferating Кi67 positive (Кi67+) cells. The number of γН2АХ foci and the fraction of nonproliferating (Кi67-) and senescent (SA-β-gal+) cells measured at passage 11 were increased in cultures exposed to an intermediate dose compared to unirradiated controls. These delayed effects were not seen in the progeny of cells that were irradiated with low-dose X-rays, although such exposure resulted in residual γН2АХ foci in directly irradiated cells. Taken together, our results support the hypothesis that the low-dose IR induced residual γH2AХ foci do not play a role in delayed irradiation consequences, associated with cellular senescence in cultured MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Pustovalova
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 123098, Russia.,Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Тatiana A Astrelina
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - Anna Grekhova
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 123098, Russia.,Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia.,Emanuel Institute for Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Natalia Vorobyeva
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 123098, Russia.,Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Anastasia Tsvetkova
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 123098, Russia.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russia
| | - Taisia Blokhina
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 123098, Russia.,Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Victoria Nikitina
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - Yulia Suchkova
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - Daria Usupzhanova
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - Vitalyi Brunchukov
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - Irina Kobzeva
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - Тatiana Karaseva
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - Ivan V Ozerov
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 123098, Russia.,Insilico Medicine, Inc, ETC, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Aleksandr Samoylov
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - Andrey Bushmanov
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - Sergey Leonov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russia.,Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - Evgeny Izumchenko
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Cancer Research, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Alex Zhavoronkov
- Insilico Medicine, Inc, ETC, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Dmitry Klokov
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Ontario K0J1P0, Canada.,University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N6N5, Canada
| | - Andreyan N Osipov
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 123098, Russia.,Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russia.,Insilico Medicine, Inc, ETC, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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47
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Adrian G, Ceberg C, Carneiro A, Ekblad L. Rescue Effect Inherited in Colony Formation Assays Affects Radiation Response. Radiat Res 2017; 189:44-52. [PMID: 29136392 DOI: 10.1667/rr14842.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that nonirradiated cells can exhibit radiation damage (bystander effect), and recent findings have shown that nonirradiated cells may help protect irradiated cells (rescue effect). These findings call into question the traditional view of radiation response: cells cannot be envisioned as isolated units. Here, we investigated traditional colony formation assays to determine if they also comprise cellular communication affecting the radiation response, using colony formation assays with varying numbers of cells, modulated beam irradiation and media transfer. Our findings showed that surviving fraction gradually increased with increasing number of irradiated cells. Specifically, for DU-145 human prostate cancer cells, surviving fraction increased 1.9-to-4.1-fold after 5-12 Gy irradiation; and for MM576 human melanoma cells, surviving fraction increased 1.9-fold after 5 Gy irradiation. Furthermore, increased surviving fraction was evident after modulated beam irradiation, where irradiated cells could communicate with nonirradiated cells. Media from dense cell culture also increased surviving fraction. The results suggest that traditional colony formation assays comprise unavoidable cellular communication affecting radiation outcome and the shape of the survival curve. We also propose that the increased in-field surviving fraction after modulated beam irradiation is due to the same effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Crister Ceberg
- b Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Skane University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Ventura J, Lobachevsky PN, Palazzolo JS, Forrester H, Haynes NM, Ivashkevich A, Stevenson AW, Hall CJ, Ntargaras A, Kotsaris V, Pollakis GC, Potsi G, Skordylis K, Terzoudi G, Pateras IS, Gorgoulis VG, Georgakilas AG, Sprung CN, Martin OA. Localized Synchrotron Irradiation of Mouse Skin Induces Persistent Systemic Genotoxic and Immune Responses. Cancer Res 2017; 77:6389-6399. [PMID: 29113972 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-1066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The importance of nontargeted (systemic) effects of ionizing radiation is attracting increasing attention. Exploiting synchrotron radiation generated by the Imaging and Medical Beamline at the Australian Synchrotron, we studied radiation-induced nontargeted effects in C57BL/6 mice. Mice were locally irradiated with a synchrotron X-ray broad beam and a multiplanar microbeam radiotherapy beam. To assess the influence of the beam configurations and variations in peak dose and irradiated area in the response of normal tissues outside the irradiated field at 1 and 4 days after irradiation, we monitored oxidatively induced clustered DNA lesions (OCDL), DNA double-strand breaks (DSB), apoptosis, and the local and systemic immune responses. All radiation settings induced pronounced persistent systemic effects in mice, which resulted from even short exposures of a small irradiated area. OCDLs were elevated in a wide variety of unirradiated normal tissues. In out-of-field duodenum, there was a trend for elevated apoptotic cell death under most irradiation conditions; however, DSBs were elevated only after exposure to lower doses. These genotoxic events were accompanied by changes in plasma concentrations of macrophage-derived cytokine, eotaxin, IL10, TIMP1, VEGF, TGFβ1, and TGFβ2, along with changes in tissues in frequencies of macrophages, neutrophils, and T lymphocytes. Overall, our findings have implications for the planning of therapeutic and diagnostic radiation treatments to reduce the risk of radiation-related adverse systemic effects. Cancer Res; 77(22); 6389-99. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Ventura
- Molecular Radiation Biology Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pavel N Lobachevsky
- Molecular Radiation Biology Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jason S Palazzolo
- Molecular Radiation Biology Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helen Forrester
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research and Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicole M Haynes
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alesia Ivashkevich
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research and Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Radiation Oncology, Canberra Hospital, Garran, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Andrew W Stevenson
- CSIRO, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Andreas Ntargaras
- Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasilis Kotsaris
- Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Ch Pollakis
- Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Gianna Potsi
- Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Skordylis
- Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Terzoudi
- Laboratory of Health Physics, Radiobiology and Cytogenetics, Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Sciences and Technology, Energy and Safety, National Center for Scientific Research 'Demokritos', Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis S Pateras
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilis G Gorgoulis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Faculty Institute for Cancer Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandros G Georgakilas
- Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Carl N Sprung
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research and Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Olga A Martin
- Molecular Radiation Biology Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. .,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Division of Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Mohye El-Din AA, Abdelrazzak AB, Ahmed MT, El-Missiry MA. Radiation induced bystander effects in the spleen of cranially-irradiated rats. Br J Radiol 2017; 90:20170278. [PMID: 28937261 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20170278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the radiation-induced abscopal effect in terms of oxidative stress, apoptosis and DNA damage in the spleen cells following cranial X-rays irradiation of rats. METHODS Rats were cranially irradiated using 2 Gy X-rays. Another group was whole-body irradiated with 2 Gy X-rays and a third group was exposed to scattered radiation (measured to be 3 mGy). 24 hours following irradiation, sections from the spleen of the rats were dissected as well as plasma samples. The samples were examined for the desired endpoints. RESULTS The cranially irradiated animals showed a significant increase in the levels of glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase with no significant change in the lipid peroxidation product in the spleen cells with a significant increase in the C-reactive protein level the plasma. Apoptotic cell death in the spleen cells was demonstrated as indicated by the decrease of Bcl-2; the increase of p53, Bax, caspase-3 and caspase-8 and induction of DNA damage in the spleen in both of the cranially irradiated rats and whole body exposed rats. The exposure to 3 mGy scattered radiation increased the plasma level of C-RP and also induced apoptosis in the spleen cells. CONCLUSION Cranial irradiation-induced abscopal effect in distant spleen cells. Very low doses of radiation can induce apoptosis in the spleen cells. Advances in knowledge: This paper provides an evidence on the incidence of radiation abscopal effect. Also, the results shed light of the effect very low doses of radiation as low as 3 mGy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal A Mohye El-Din
- 1 Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | | | - Moustafa T Ahmed
- 1 Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - Mohamed A El-Missiry
- 3 Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
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Abstract
PURPOSE Even though the first ultraviolet microbeam was described by S. Tschachotin back in 1912, the development of sophisticated micro-irradiation facilities only began to flourish in the late 1980s. In this article, we highlight significant microbeam experiments, describe the latest microbeam irradiator configurations and critical discoveries made by using the microbeam apparatus. MATERIALS AND METHODS Modern radiological microbeams facilities are capable of producing a beam size of a few micrometers, or even tens of nanometers in size, and can deposit radiation with high precision within a cellular target. In the past three decades, a variety of microbeams has been developed to deliver a range of radiations including charged particles, X-rays, and electrons. Despite the original intention for their development to measure the effects of a single radiation track, the ability to target radiation with microbeams at sub-cellular targets has been extensively used to investigate radiation-induced biological responses within cells. RESULTS Studies conducted using microbeams to target specific cells in a tissue have elucidated bystander responses, and further studies have shown reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) play critical roles in the process. The radiation-induced abscopal effect, which has a profound impact on cancer radiotherapy, further reaffirmed the importance of bystander effects. Finally, by targeting sub-cellular compartments with a microbeam, we have reported cytoplasmic-specific biological responses. Despite the common dogma that nuclear DNA is the primary target for radiation-induced cell death and carcinogenesis, studies conducted using microbeam suggested that targeted cytoplasmic irradiation induces mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular stress, and genomic instability. A more recent development in microbeam technology includes application of mouse models to visualize in vivo DNA double-strand breaks. CONCLUSIONS Microbeams are making important contributions towards our understanding of radiation responses in cells and tissue models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Wu
- a Center for Radiological Research, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University , New York , NY , USA
| | - Tom K Hei
- a Center for Radiological Research, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University , New York , NY , USA.,b Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health , Columbia University , New York , NY , USA
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