1
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Su XA, Stopsack KH, Schmidt DR, Ma D, Li Z, Scheet PA, Penney KL, Lotan TL, Abida W, DeArment EG, Lu K, Janas T, Hu S, Vander Heiden MG, Loda M, Boselli M, Amon A, Mucci LA. RAD21 promotes oncogenesis and lethal progression of prostate cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2405543121. [PMID: 39190349 PMCID: PMC11388324 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2405543121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Higher levels of aneuploidy, characterized by imbalanced chromosome numbers, are associated with lethal progression in prostate cancer. However, how aneuploidy contributes to prostate cancer aggressiveness remains poorly understood. In this study, we assessed in patients which genes on chromosome 8q, one of the most frequently gained chromosome arms in prostate tumors, were most strongly associated with long-term risk of cancer progression to metastases and death from prostate cancer (lethal disease) in 403 patients and found the strongest candidate was cohesin subunit gene, RAD21, with an odds ratio of 3.7 (95% CI 1.8, 7.6) comparing the highest vs. lowest tertiles of mRNA expression and adjusting for overall aneuploidy burden and Gleason score, both strong prognostic factors in primary prostate cancer. Studying prostate cancer driven by the TMPRSS2-ERG oncogenic fusion, found in about half of all prostate tumors, we found that increased RAD21 alleviated toxic oncogenic stress and DNA damage caused by oncogene expression. Data from both organoids and patients indicate that increased RAD21 thereby enables aggressive tumors to sustain tumor proliferation, and more broadly suggests one path through which tumors benefit from aneuploidy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng A Su
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20817
- Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - Konrad H Stopsack
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Daniel R Schmidt
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Duanduan Ma
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- The Barbara K. Ostrom (1978) Bioinformatics and Computing Facility in the Swanson Biotechnology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Zhe Li
- Division of Genetics, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Paul A Scheet
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, TX 77030
| | - Kathryn L Penney
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115
- Division of Genetics, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Tamara L Lotan
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Wassim Abida
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
- Weil Cornell Medicine, New York Presbyterian-Weill Cornell Campus, New York, NY 10065
| | - Elise G DeArment
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20817
- Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - Kate Lu
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Thomas Janas
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20817
- Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - Sofia Hu
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Massimo Loda
- Weil Cornell Medicine, New York Presbyterian-Weill Cornell Campus, New York, NY 10065
| | - Monica Boselli
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Angelika Amon
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- HHMI, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Lorelei A Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115
- Discovery Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA 30144
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2
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Helderman NC, Terlouw D, Bonjoch L, Golubicki M, Antelo M, Morreau H, van Wezel T, Castellví-Bel S, Goldberg Y, Nielsen M. Molecular functions of MCM8 and MCM9 and their associated pathologies. iScience 2023; 26:106737. [PMID: 37378315 PMCID: PMC10291252 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Minichromosome Maintenance 8 Homologous Recombination Repair Factor (MCM8) and Minichromosome Maintenance 9 Homologous Recombination Repair Factor (MCM9) are recently discovered minichromosome maintenance proteins and are implicated in multiple DNA-related processes and pathologies, including DNA replication (initiation), meiosis, homologous recombination and mismatch repair. Consistent with these molecular functions, variants of MCM8/MCM9 may predispose carriers to disorders such as infertility and cancer and should therefore be included in relevant diagnostic testing. In this overview of the (patho)physiological functions of MCM8 and MCM9 and the phenotype of MCM8/MCM9 variant carriers, we explore the potential clinical implications of MCM8/MCM9 variant carriership and highlight important future directions of MCM8 and MCM9 research. With this review, we hope to contribute to better MCM8/MCM9 variant carrier management and the potential utilization of MCM8 and MCM9 in other facets of scientific research and medical care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diantha Terlouw
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Laia Bonjoch
- Gastroenterology Department, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariano Golubicki
- Oncology Section and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hospital of Gastroenterology "Dr. C.B. Udaondo", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marina Antelo
- Oncology Section and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hospital of Gastroenterology "Dr. C.B. Udaondo", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hans Morreau
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Tom van Wezel
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sergi Castellví-Bel
- Gastroenterology Department, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yael Goldberg
- Raphael Recanati Genetic Institute, Rabin Medical Center-Beilinson Hospital, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Maartje Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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3
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A Drug Repurposing Screen Identifies Fludarabine Phosphate as a Potential Therapeutic Agent for N-MYC Overexpressing Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancers. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142246. [PMID: 35883689 PMCID: PMC9317991 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) represents a highly aggressive form of prostate tumors. NEPC results from trans-differentiated castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) with increasing evidence indicating that the incidence of NEPC often results from the adaptive response to androgen deprivation therapy. Recent studies have shown that a subset of NEPC exhibits overexpression of the MYCN oncogene along with the loss of tumor suppressing TP53 and RB1 activities. N-MYC is structurally disordered with no binding pockets available on its surface and so far, no clinically approved drug is available. We adopted a drug-repurposing strategy, screened ~1800 drug molecules, and identified fludarabine phosphate to preferentially inhibit the proliferation of N-MYC overexpressing NEPC cells by inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS). We also show that fludarabine phosphate affects N-MYC protein levels and N-MYC transcriptional targets in NEPC cells. Moreover, enhanced ROS production destabilizes N-MYC protein by inhibiting AKT signaling and is responsible for the reduced survival of NEPC cells and tumors. Our results indicate that increasing ROS production by the administration of fludarabine phosphate may represent an effective treatment option for patients with N-MYC overexpressing NEPC tumors.
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4
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Yi Q, Xie W, Sun W, Sun W, Liao Y. A Concise Review of MicroRNA-383: Exploring the Insights of Its Function in Tumorigenesis. J Cancer 2022; 13:313-324. [PMID: 34976192 PMCID: PMC8692686 DOI: 10.7150/jca.64846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that commonly have 18-22 nucleotides and play important roles in the regulation of gene expression via directly binding to the 3'-UTR of target mRNAs. Approximately 50% of human genes are regulated by miRNAs and they are involved in many human diseases, including various types of cancers. Recently, microRNA-383 (miR-383) has been identified as being aberrantly expressed in multiple cancers, such as malignant melanoma, colorectal cancer, hepatocellular cancer, and glioma. Increasing evidence suggests that miR-383 participates in tumorigenic events including proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis as well as drug resistance. Although downstream targets including CCND1, LDHA, VEGF, and IGF are illustrated to be regulated by miR-383, its roles in carcinogenesis are still ambiguous and the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Herein, we review the latest studies on miR-383 and summarize its functions in human cancers and other diseases. The goal of this review is to provide new strategies for targeted therapy and further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yi
- The Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, P.R. China.,Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan province 646099, P.R. China.,Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan province 646099, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, P.R. China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, P.R. China
| | - Weichao Sun
- The Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, P.R. China.,Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, P.R. China
| | - Yi Liao
- The Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, P.R. China
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5
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Motifs of the C-terminal domain of MCM9 direct localization to sites of mitomycin-C damage for RAD51 recruitment. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100355. [PMID: 33539926 PMCID: PMC7949153 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The MCM8/9 complex is implicated in aiding fork progression and facilitating homologous recombination (HR) in response to several DNA damage agents. MCM9 itself is an outlier within the MCM family containing a long C-terminal extension (CTE) comprising 42% of the total length, but with no known functional components and high predicted disorder. In this report, we identify and characterize two unique motifs within the primarily unstructured CTE that are required for localization of MCM8/9 to sites of mitomycin C (MMC)-induced DNA damage. First, an unconventional “bipartite-like” nuclear localization (NLS) motif consisting of two positively charged amino acid stretches separated by a long intervening sequence is required for the nuclear import of both MCM8 and MCM9. Second, a variant of the BRC motif (BRCv) similar to that found in other HR helicases is necessary for localization to sites of MMC damage. The MCM9-BRCv directly interacts with and recruits RAD51 downstream to MMC-induced damage to aid in DNA repair. Patient lymphocytes devoid of functional MCM9 and discrete MCM9 knockout cells have a significantly impaired ability to form RAD51 foci after MMC treatment. Therefore, the disordered CTE in MCM9 is functionally important in promoting MCM8/9 activity and in recruiting downstream interactors; thus, requiring full-length MCM9 for proper DNA repair.
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6
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Overexpression of the TRIM24 E3 Ubiquitin Ligase is Linked to Genetic Instability and Predicts Unfavorable Prognosis in Prostate Cancer. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2021; 29:e29-e38. [PMID: 33491944 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Tripartite motif containing 24 (TRIM24) is a multifunctional protein involved in p53 degradation, chromatin binding, and transcriptional modulation of nuclear receptors. Emerging research has revealed that upregulation of TRIM24 in numerous tumor types is linked to poor prognosis, attributing an important role to TRIM24 in tumor biology. In order to better understand the role of TRIM24 in prostate cancer, we analyzed its immunohistochemical expression on a tissue microarray containing >17,000 prostate cancer specimens. TRIM24 immunostaining was detectable in 61% of 15,321 interpretable cancers, including low expression in 46% and high expression in 15% of cases. TRIM24 upregulation was associated with high Gleason grade, advanced pathologic tumor stage, lymph node metastasis, higher preoperative prostate-specific antigen level, increased cell proliferation as well as increased genomic instability, and predicted prognosis independent of clinicopathologic parameters available at the time of the initial biopsy (all P<0.0001). TRIM24 upregulation provides additional prognostic information in prostate cancer, particularly in patients with low Gleason grade tumors who may be eligible for active surveillance strategies, suggesting promising potential for TRIM24 in the routine diagnostic work-up of these patients.
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7
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Liu RZ, Choi WS, Jain S, Dinakaran D, Xu X, Han WH, Yang XH, Glubrecht DD, Moore RB, Lemieux H, Godbout R. The FABP12/PPARγ pathway promotes metastatic transformation by inducing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and lipid-derived energy production in prostate cancer cells. Mol Oncol 2020; 14:3100-3120. [PMID: 33031638 PMCID: PMC7718947 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Early stage localized prostate cancer (PCa) has an excellent prognosis; however, patient survival drops dramatically when PCa metastasizes. The molecular mechanisms underlying PCa metastasis are complex and remain unclear. Here, we examine the role of a new member of the fatty acid‐binding protein (FABP) family, FABP12, in PCa progression. FABP12 is preferentially amplified and/or overexpressed in metastatic compared to primary tumors from both PCa patients and xenograft animal models. We show that FABP12 concurrently triggers metastatic phenotypes (induced epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) leading to increased cell motility and invasion) and lipid bioenergetics (increased fatty acid uptake and accumulation, increased ATP production from fatty acid β‐oxidation) in PCa cells, supporting increased reliance on fatty acids for energy production. Mechanistically, we show that FABP12 is a driver of PPARγ activation which, in turn, regulates FABP12's role in lipid metabolism and PCa progression. Our results point to a novel role for a FABP‐PPAR pathway in promoting PCa metastasis through induction of EMT and lipid bioenergetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Zong Liu
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Won-Shik Choi
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Saket Jain
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Deepak Dinakaran
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Xia Xu
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Woo Hyun Han
- Faculty Saint-Jean, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Xiao-Hong Yang
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Darryl D Glubrecht
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ronald B Moore
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Hélène Lemieux
- Faculty Saint-Jean, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Roseline Godbout
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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8
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Zhang Z, Zhou C, Li X, Barnes SD, Deng S, Hoover E, Chen CC, Lee YS, Zhang Y, Wang C, Metang LA, Wu C, Tirado CR, Johnson NA, Wongvipat J, Navrazhina K, Cao Z, Choi D, Huang CH, Linton E, Chen X, Liang Y, Mason CE, de Stanchina E, Abida W, Lujambio A, Li S, Lowe SW, Mendell JT, Malladi VS, Sawyers CL, Mu P. Loss of CHD1 Promotes Heterogeneous Mechanisms of Resistance to AR-Targeted Therapy via Chromatin Dysregulation. Cancer Cell 2020; 37:584-598.e11. [PMID: 32220301 PMCID: PMC7292228 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic prostate cancer is characterized by recurrent genomic copy number alterations that are presumed to contribute to resistance to hormone therapy. We identified CHD1 loss as a cause of antiandrogen resistance in an in vivo small hairpin RNA (shRNA) screen of 730 genes deleted in prostate cancer. ATAC-seq and RNA-seq analyses showed that CHD1 loss resulted in global changes in open and closed chromatin with associated transcriptomic changes. Integrative analysis of this data, together with CRISPR-based functional screening, identified four transcription factors (NR3C1, POU3F2, NR2F1, and TBX2) that contribute to antiandrogen resistance, with associated activation of non-luminal lineage programs. Thus, CHD1 loss results in chromatin dysregulation, thereby establishing a state of transcriptional plasticity that enables the emergence of antiandrogen resistance through heterogeneous mechanisms.
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MESH Headings
- Androgen Antagonists/pharmacology
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Cell Proliferation
- Chromatin/genetics
- Chromatin/metabolism
- DNA Helicases/antagonists & inhibitors
- DNA Helicases/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- High-Throughput Screening Assays
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/drug therapy
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/genetics
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/pathology
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- Receptors, Androgen/chemistry
- Receptors, Androgen/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeda Zhang
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Louis V. Gerstner, Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Chuanli Zhou
- Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Spencer D Barnes
- Bioinformatics Core Facility of the Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Su Deng
- Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Elizabeth Hoover
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Chi-Chao Chen
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Young Sun Lee
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yanxiao Zhang
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Choushi Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Lauren A Metang
- Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Chao Wu
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Nickolas A Johnson
- Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - John Wongvipat
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Zhen Cao
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Danielle Choi
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Chun-Hao Huang
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Eliot Linton
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yupu Liang
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Christopher E Mason
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; The WorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elisa de Stanchina
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Wassim Abida
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Amaia Lujambio
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Sheng Li
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Scott W Lowe
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Joshua T Mendell
- Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Venkat S Malladi
- Bioinformatics Core Facility of the Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Charles L Sawyers
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
| | - Ping Mu
- Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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9
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Nishan U, da Rosa-Ribeiro R, Damas-Souza DM, Barbosa GO, Carvalho HF. Transcriptional regulators and regulatory pathways involved in prostate gland adaptation to a hypoandrogen environment. Genet Mol Biol 2020; 42:e20180362. [PMID: 32159609 PMCID: PMC7198032 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2018-0362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-androgen therapies, including orchiectomy, are effective at promoting
prostate cancer remission, but are followed by progression to the more
aggressive castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Castration promotes
gland and tumor shrinkage. However, prostate adaptation to androgen deprivation
involves striking parallel events, all requiring changes in gene expression. We
hypothesized that transcription factors (TF) and other transcription-related
genes are needed to orchestrate those changes. In this work, downstream analysis
using bioinformatic tools and published microarray data allowed us to identify
sixty transcriptional regulators (including 10 TF) and to integrate their
function in physiologically relevant networks. Functional associations revealed
a connection between Arnt, Bhlhe41 and
Dbp circadian rhythm genes with the Ar
circuitry and a small gene network centered in Pex14, which might indicate a
previously unanticipated metabolic shift. We have also identified human homologs
and mapped the corresponding genes to human chromosome regions commonly affected
in prostate cancer, with particular attention to the
PTEN/HHEX/MXI1 cluster at
10q23-25 (frequently deleted in PCa) and to MAPK1 at 22q11.21 (delete in
intermediate risk but not in high risk PCa). Twenty genes were found mutated or
with copy number alterations in at least five percent of three cancer cohorts
and six of them (PHOX2A, NFYC, EST2, EIF2S1, SSRP1 and PARP1) associated with
impacted patient survival. These changes are specific to the adaptation to the
hypoandrogen environment and seem important for the progression to CRPC when
mutated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umar Nishan
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafaela da Rosa-Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Danilo Marchete Damas-Souza
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Oliveira Barbosa
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Hernandes F Carvalho
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
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10
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Jiménez-Vacas JM, Herrero-Aguayo V, Montero-Hidalgo AJ, Gómez-Gómez E, Fuentes-Fayos AC, León-González AJ, Sáez-Martínez P, Alors-Pérez E, Pedraza-Arévalo S, González-Serrano T, Reyes O, Martínez-López A, Sánchez-Sánchez R, Ventura S, Yubero-Serrano EM, Requena-Tapia MJ, Castaño JP, Gahete MD, Luque RM. Dysregulation of the splicing machinery is directly associated to aggressiveness of prostate cancer. EBioMedicine 2020; 51:102547. [PMID: 31902674 PMCID: PMC7000340 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulation of splicing variants (SVs) expression has recently emerged as a novel cancer hallmark. Although the generation of aberrant SVs (e.g. AR-v7/sst5TMD4/etc.) is associated to prostate-cancer (PCa) aggressiveness and/or castration-resistant PCa (CRPC) development, whether the molecular reason behind such phenomena might be linked to a dysregulation of the cellular machinery responsible for the splicing process [spliceosome-components (SCs) and splicing-factors (SFs)] has not been yet explored. METHODS Expression levels of 43 key SCs and SFs were measured in two cohorts of PCa-samples: 1) Clinically-localized formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded PCa-samples (n = 84), and 2) highly-aggressive freshly-obtained PCa-samples (n = 42). FINDINGS A profound dysregulation in the expression of multiple components of the splicing machinery (i.e. 7 SCs/19 SFs) were found in PCa compared to their non-tumor adjacent-regions. Notably, overexpression of SNRNP200, SRSF3 and SRRM1 (mRNA and/or protein) were associated with relevant clinical (e.g. Gleason score, T-Stage, metastasis, biochemical recurrence, etc.) and molecular (e.g. AR-v7 expression) parameters of aggressiveness in PCa-samples. Functional (cell-proliferation/migration) and mechanistic [gene-expression (qPCR) and protein-levels (western-blot)] assays were performed in normal prostate cells (PNT2) and PCa-cells (LNCaP/22Rv1/PC-3/DU145 cell-lines) in response to SNRNP200, SRSF3 and/or SRRM1 silencing (using specific siRNAs) revealed an overall decrease in proliferation/migration-rate in PCa-cells through the modulation of key oncogenic SVs expression levels (e.g. AR-v7/PKM2/XBP1s) and alteration of oncogenic signaling pathways (e.g. p-AKT/p-JNK). INTERPRETATION These results demonstrate that the spliceosome is drastically altered in PCa wherein SNRNP200, SRSF3 and SRRM1 could represent attractive novel diagnostic/prognostic and therapeutic targets for PCa and CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Jiménez-Vacas
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Córdoba, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Vicente Herrero-Aguayo
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Córdoba, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Antonio J Montero-Hidalgo
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Córdoba, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Enrique Gómez-Gómez
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Córdoba, Spain; Urology Service, HURS/IMIBIC, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Antonio C Fuentes-Fayos
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Córdoba, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Antonio J León-González
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Córdoba, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Prudencio Sáez-Martínez
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Córdoba, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Emilia Alors-Pérez
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Córdoba, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Sergio Pedraza-Arévalo
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Córdoba, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Teresa González-Serrano
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Córdoba, Spain; Anatomical Pathology Service, HURS, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Oscar Reyes
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Córdoba, Spain; Department of Computer Sciences, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ana Martínez-López
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Córdoba, Spain; Anatomical Pathology Service, HURS, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rafael Sánchez-Sánchez
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Córdoba, Spain; Anatomical Pathology Service, HURS, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Sebastián Ventura
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Córdoba, Spain; Department of Computer Sciences, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Elena M Yubero-Serrano
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Córdoba, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain; Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - María J Requena-Tapia
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Córdoba, Spain; Urology Service, HURS/IMIBIC, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Justo P Castaño
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Córdoba, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Manuel D Gahete
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Córdoba, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Raúl M Luque
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Córdoba, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain.
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11
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Choudhari R, Sedano MJ, Harrison AL, Subramani R, Lin KY, Ramos EI, Lakshmanaswamy R, Gadad SS. Long noncoding RNAs in cancer: From discovery to therapeutic targets. Adv Clin Chem 2019; 95:105-147. [PMID: 32122521 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently gained considerable attention as key players in biological regulation; however, the mechanisms by which lncRNAs govern various disease processes remain mysterious and are just beginning to be understood. The ease of next-generation sequencing technologies has led to an explosion of genomic information, especially for the lncRNA class of noncoding RNAs. LncRNAs exhibit the characteristics of mRNAs, such as polyadenylation, 5' methyl capping, RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription, and splicing. These transcripts comprise more than 200 nucleotides (nt) and are not translated into proteins. Directed interrogation of annotated lncRNAs from RNA-Seq datasets has revealed dramatic differences in their expression, largely driven by alterations in transcription, the cell cycle, and RNA metabolism. The fact that lncRNAs are expressed cell- and tissue-specifically makes them excellent biomarkers for ongoing biological events. Notably, lncRNAs are differentially expressed in several cancers and show a distinct association with clinical outcomes. Novel methods and strategies are being developed to study lncRNA function and will provide researchers with the tools and opportunities to develop lncRNA-based therapeutics for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Choudhari
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Melina J Sedano
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Alana L Harrison
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Ramadevi Subramani
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Ken Y Lin
- The Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Enrique I Ramos
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Rajkumar Lakshmanaswamy
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Shrikanth S Gadad
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States; Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences and Division of Basic Reproductive Biology Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.
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12
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Dai ZM, Lv JR, Liu K, Lei XM, Li W, Wu G, Liu XH, Zhu YX, Hao Q, Dai ZJ. The role of microRNA-608 polymorphism on the susceptibility and survival of cancer: a meta-analysis. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:1402-1414. [PMID: 29909406 PMCID: PMC6046227 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The role of rs4919510 polymorphism in microRNA-608 (miR-608) and cancer susceptibility and prognosis remain controversial and debatable. We conducted a meta-analysis of twenty-four eligible publications on the association of rs4919510 polymorphism with cancer risk and/or prognosis. Odds ratios, hazard ratios, and 95% confidence interval were used to investigate the association between this polymorphism and susceptibility, overall survival, and recurrence-free survival of cancer. Overall, eighteen case-control studies and nine cohort studies evaluated the susceptibility and prognostic value of rs4919510 polymorphism in cancer, respectively. Pooled analysis showed that rs4919510 polymorphism was not associated with cancer risk in all five genetic models. When stratifying by different cancer sites, rs4919510 polymorphism was detected to have a significant association with a decreased risk of colorectal cancer in homozygous model (P = 0.006) and recessive model (P = 0.001), subgroup analysis also emerged a weakened correlation between rs4919510 polymorphism and an increased risk of papillary thyroid cancer in heterozygote model (P = 0.04). Furthermore, the prognosis of rs4919510 variant in cancer patients showed that rs4919510 GG genotype was significant association with poor recurrence-free survival in homozygous models (P = 0.04). The meta-analysis suggested that the microRNA-608 rs4919510 polymorphism maybe associate with a significantly decreased risk for colorectal cancer. Further investigations on larger populations are required to evaluate and confirm this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Ming Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Jian-Rui Lv
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Kang Liu
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Lei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Xing-Han Liu
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Yu-Xiao Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Qian Hao
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Dai
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
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13
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Bhagirath D, Yang TL, Tabatabai ZL, Shahryari V, Majid S, Dahiya R, Tanaka Y, Saini S. Role of a novel race-related tumor suppressor microRNA located in frequently deleted chromosomal locus 8p21 in prostate cancer progression. Carcinogenesis 2019; 40:633-642. [PMID: 30874288 PMCID: PMC7331454 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The prostate cancer (PCa) genome is characterized by deletions of chromosome 8p21-22 region that increase significantly with tumor grade and are associated with poor prognosis. We proposed and validated a novel, paradigm-shifting hypothesis that this region is associated with a set of microRNA genes-miR-3622, miR-3622b, miR-383-that are lost in PCa and play important mechanistic roles in PCa progression and metastasis. Extending our hypothesis, in this study, we evaluated the role of a microRNA gene located in chromosome 8p-miR-4288-by employing clinical samples and cell lines. Our data suggests that (i) miR-4288 is widely downregulated in primary prostate tumors and cell lines; (ii) miR-4288 expression is lost in metastatic castration-resistant PCa; (ii) miR-4288 downregulation is race-related PCa alteration that is prevalent in Caucasian patients and not in African Americans; (iii) in Caucasians, miR-4288 was found to be associated with increasing tumor grade and high serum prostate-specific antigen, suggesting that miR-4288 downregulation/loss may be associated with tumor progression specifically in Caucasians; (iv) miR-4288 possess significant potential as a molecular biomarker to predict aggressiveness/metastasis; and (v) miR-4288 is anti-proliferative, is anti-invasive and inhibits epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition; and (vi) miR-4288 directly represses expression of metastasis/invasion-associated genes MMP16 and ROCK1. Thus, the present study demonstrates a tumor suppressor role for a novel miRNA located with a frequently lost region in PCa, strengthening our hypothesis that this locus is causally related to PCa disease progression via loss of microRNA genes. Our study suggests that miR-4288 may be a novel biomarker and therapeutic target, particularly in Caucasians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Bhagirath
- Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco and University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Thao Ly Yang
- Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco and University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Z Laura Tabatabai
- Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco and University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Varahram Shahryari
- Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco and University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shahana Majid
- Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco and University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rajvir Dahiya
- Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco and University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yuichiro Tanaka
- Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco and University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sharanjot Saini
- Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco and University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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14
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Carabet LA, Rennie PS, Cherkasov A. Therapeutic Inhibition of Myc in Cancer. Structural Bases and Computer-Aided Drug Discovery Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:E120. [PMID: 30597997 PMCID: PMC6337544 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Myc (avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog) represents one of the most sought after drug targets in cancer. Myc transcription factor is an essential regulator of cell growth, but in most cancers it is overexpressed and associated with treatment-resistance and lethal outcomes. Over 40 years of research and drug development efforts did not yield a clinically useful Myc inhibitor. Drugging the "undruggable" is problematic, as Myc inactivation may negatively impact its physiological functions. Moreover, Myc is a disordered protein that lacks effective binding pockets on its surface. It is well established that the Myc function is dependent on dimerization with its obligate partner, Max (Myc associated factor X), which together form a functional DNA-binding domain to activate genomic targets. Herein, we provide an overview of the knowledge accumulated to date on Myc regulation and function, its critical role in cancer, and summarize various strategies that are employed to tackle Myc-driven malignant transformation. We focus on important structure-function relationships of Myc with its interactome, elaborating structural determinants of Myc-Max dimer formation and DNA recognition exploited for therapeutic inhibition. Chronological development of small-molecule Myc-Max prototype inhibitors and corresponding binding sites are comprehensively reviewed and particular emphasis is placed on modern computational drug design methods. On the outlook, technological advancements may soon provide the so long-awaited Myc-Max clinical candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia A Carabet
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada.
| | - Paul S Rennie
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada.
| | - Artem Cherkasov
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada.
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15
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Carabet LA, Lallous N, Leblanc E, Ban F, Morin H, Lawn S, Ghaidi F, Lee J, Mills IG, Gleave ME, Rennie PS, Cherkasov A. Computer-aided drug discovery of Myc-Max inhibitors as potential therapeutics for prostate cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 160:108-119. [PMID: 30326371 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
While Myc is an essential regulator of growth in normal cells, it is also frequently associated with cancer progression, therapy-resistance and lethal outcomes in most human cancers. In prostate cancer (PCa), Myc transcription factors are implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of the full spectrum of PCa, from adenocarcinoma to advanced castration-resistant and neuroendocrine phenotypes. Though a high-value therapeutic target, clinically approved anti-Myc drugs have yet to be discovered. To elicit its oncogenic effects, Myc must form a heterodimer with its partner Max, which together bind DNA and activate transcription of a spectrum of target genes that promote cell growth, proliferation, metabolism, and apoptosis while blocking differentiation. In this study, we identified a binding site on the DNA-binding domain of the structurally ordered Myc-Max complex and employed a computer-aided rational drug discovery approach to identify small molecules that effectively inhibit Myc-Max functionality. A large-scale virtual screening protocol implementing structure-based methodologies was utilized to select a set of top-ranked compounds that were subsequently evaluated experimentally and characterized mechanistically for their ability to inhibit Myc-Max transcriptional activity and subsequent downstream functions, to reduce viability in PCa cell lines, disrupt protein-DNA interactions and to induce apoptosis as their mechanism of action. Among compounds identified that effectively inhibit Myc-Max activity with low to mid-micromolar range potency and no or minimal generic cytotoxicity, VPC-70067, a close analog of the previously identified Myc inhibitor 10058-F4, served as proof-of-concept that our in silico drug discovery strategy performed as expected. Compound VPC-70063, of a chemically different scaffold, was the best performer in a panel of in vitro assays, and the forerunner for future hit-to-lead optimization efforts. These findings lay a foundation for developing more potent, specific and clinically optimized Myc-Max inhibitors that may serve as promising therapeutics, alone or in combination with current anti-cancer treatments, for treatment of specific phenotypes or heterogeneous tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia A Carabet
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Nada Lallous
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Eric Leblanc
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Fuqiang Ban
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Helene Morin
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Sam Lawn
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Fariba Ghaidi
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Joseph Lee
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Ian G Mills
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Martin E Gleave
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Paul S Rennie
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Artem Cherkasov
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3Z6, Canada.
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16
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Novel tumor suppressor microRNA at frequently deleted chromosomal region 8p21 regulates epidermal growth factor receptor in prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:70388-70403. [PMID: 27611943 PMCID: PMC5342560 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic loss of chromosome (chr) 8p21 region, containing prostate-specific NKX3.1 gene, is a frequent alteration of the prostate cancer (PCa) oncogenome. We propose a novel, paradigm shifting hypothesis that this frequently deleted locus is also associated with a cluster of microRNA genes- miR-3622a/b- that are lost in PCa and play an important mechanistic role in progression and metastasis. In this study, we demonstrate the role of miR-3622b in prostate cancer. Expression analyses in a cohort of PCa clinical specimens and cell lines show that miR-3622b expression is frequently lost in prostate cancer. Low miR-3622b expression was found to be associated with tumor progression and poor biochemical recurrence-free survival. Further, our analyses suggest that miR-3622b expression is a promising prostate cancer diagnostic biomarker that exhibits 100% specificity and 66% sensitivity. Restoration of miR-3622b expression in PCa cell lines led to reduced cellular viability, proliferation, invasiveness, migration and increased apoptosis. miR-3622b overexpression in vivo induced regression of established prostate tumor xenografts pointing to its therapeutic potential. Further, we found that miR-3622b directly represses Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR). In conclusion, our study suggests that miR-3622b plays a tumor suppressive role and is frequently downregulated in prostate cancer, leading to EGFR upregulation. Importantly, miR-3622b has associated diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic potential. Considering the association of chr8p21 loss with poor prognosis, our findings are highly significant and support a novel concept that associates a long standing observation of frequent loss of a chromosomal region with a novel miRNA in prostate cancer.
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17
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Heumann A, Heinemann N, Hube-Magg C, Lang DS, Grupp K, Kluth M, Minner S, Möller-Koop C, Graefen M, Heinzer H, Tsourlakis MC, Wilczak W, Wittmer C, Jacobsen F, Huland H, Simon R, Schlomm T, Sauter G, Steurer S, Lebok P, Hinsch A. High BCAR1 expression is associated with early PSA recurrence in ERG negative prostate cancer. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:37. [PMID: 29304771 PMCID: PMC5756403 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3956-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance 1 (BCAR1/p130cas) is a hub for diverse oncogenic signaling cascades and promotes tumor development and progression. METHODS To understand the effect of BCAR1 in prostate cancer, we analyzed its expression on more than 11,000 prostate cancer samples. BCAR1 expression levels were compared with clinical characteristics, PSA recurrence, molecular subtype defined by ERG status and 3p, 5q, 6q and PTEN deletion. RESULTS BCAR1 staining was barely detectable in normal prostate glands but seen in 77.6% of 9472 interpretable cancers, including strong expression in 38.5%, moderate in 23.2% and weak in 15.9% of cases. BCAR1 up regulation was associated with positive ERG status (p < 0.0001), high Gleason score (p < 0.0001), advanced pathological tumor stage (p = 0.0082), lower preoperative PSA level (p < 0.0001), increased cell proliferation (p < 0.0001), early PSA recurrence (p = 0.0008), and predicted prognosis independently from clinico-pathological parameters available at the time of the initial biopsy. However, subset analyses revealed that the prognostic impact of BCAR1 expression was limited to ERG-negative cancer. That BCAR1 up regulation was linked to almost all analyzed deletions (p < 0.0001 each for PTEN, 5q, 6q deletion) may suggest a functional link to genomic instability. CONCLUSION The results of our study identify BCAR1 as a prognostic biomarker with potential clinical value for risk stratification of ERG-negative prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmus Heumann
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nina Heinemann
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dagmar S Lang
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Grupp
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martina Kluth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christina Möller-Koop
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Graefen
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans Heinzer
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maria Christina Tsourlakis
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Waldemar Wilczak
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Corinna Wittmer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frank Jacobsen
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hartwig Huland
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Thorsten Schlomm
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Urology, Section for translational Prostate Cancer Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Lebok
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Hinsch
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
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18
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Bramhecha YM, Guérard KP, Rouzbeh S, Scarlata E, Brimo F, Chevalier S, Hamel L, Dragomir A, Aprikian AG, Lapointe J. Genomic Gain of 16p13.3 in Prostate Cancer Predicts Poor Clinical Outcome after Surgical Intervention. Mol Cancer Res 2017; 16:115-123. [PMID: 28993510 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Identifying tumors with high metastatic potential is key to improving the clinical management of prostate cancer. Recently, we characterized a chromosome 16p13.3 gain frequently observed in prostate cancer metastases and now demonstrate the prognostic value of this genomic alteration in surgically treated prostate cancer. Dual-color FISH was used to detect 16p13.3 gain on a human tissue microarray representing 304 primary radical prostatectomy (RP) cases with clinical follow-up data. The results were validated in an external dataset. The 16p13.3 gain was detected in 42% (113/267) of the specimens scorable by FISH and was significantly associated with clinicopathologic features of aggressive prostate cancer, including high preoperative PSA (P = 0.03) levels, high Gleason score (GS, P < 0.0001), advanced pathologic tumor stage (P < 0.0001), and positive surgical margins (P = 0.009). The 16p13.3 gain predicted biochemical recurrence (BCR) in the overall cohort (log-rank P = 0.0005), and in subsets of patients with PSA ≤10 or GS ≤7 (log-rank P = 0.02 and P = 0.006, respectively). Moreover, combining the 16p13.3 gain status with standard prognostic markers improved BCR risk stratification and identified a subgroup of patients with high probability of recurrence. The 16p13.3 gain status was also associated with an increased risk of developing distant metastases (log-rank P = 0.03) further substantiating its role in prostate cancer progression.Implications: This study demonstrates the prognostic significance of the 16p13.3 genomic gain in primary prostate tumors, suggesting potential utility in the clinical management of the disease by identifying patients at high risk of recurrence who may benefit from adjuvant therapies. Mol Cancer Res; 16(1); 115-23. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh M Bramhecha
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, McGill University and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Karl-Philippe Guérard
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, McGill University and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Shaghayegh Rouzbeh
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, McGill University and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Eleonora Scarlata
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, McGill University and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Fadi Brimo
- Department of Pathology, McGill University and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Simone Chevalier
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, McGill University and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Lucie Hamel
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, McGill University and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Alice Dragomir
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, McGill University and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Armen G Aprikian
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, McGill University and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jacques Lapointe
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, McGill University and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada. .,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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19
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Lee KY, Im JS, Shibata E, Dutta A. ASF1a Promotes Non-homologous End Joining Repair by Facilitating Phosphorylation of MDC1 by ATM at Double-Strand Breaks. Mol Cell 2017; 68:61-75.e5. [PMID: 28943310 PMCID: PMC5743198 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2017.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Double-strand breaks (DSBs) of DNA in eukaryotic cells are predominantly repaired by non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). The histone chaperone anti-silencing factor 1a (ASF1a) interacts with MDC1 and is recruited to sites of DSBs to facilitate the interaction of phospho-ATM with MDC1 and phosphorylation of MDC1, which are required for the recruitment of RNF8/RNF168 histone ubiquitin ligases. Thus, ASF1a deficiency reduces histone ubiquitination at DSBs, decreasing the recruitment of 53BP1, and decreases NHEJ, rendering cells more sensitive to DSBs. This role of ASF1a in DSB repair cannot be provided by the closely related ASF1b and does not require its histone chaperone activity. Homozygous deletion of ASF1A is seen in 10%-15% of certain cancers, suggesting that loss of NHEJ may be selected in some malignancies and that the deletion can be used as a molecular biomarker for cancers susceptible to radiotherapy or to DSB-inducing chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Yong Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22901, USA
| | - Jun-Sub Im
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22901, USA
| | - Etsuko Shibata
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22901, USA
| | - Anindya Dutta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22901, USA.
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20
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Meng F, Liu B, Xie G, Song Y, Zheng X, Qian X, Li S, Jia H, Zhang X, Zhang L, Yang YL, Fu L. Amplification and overexpression of PSCA at 8q24 in invasive micropapillary carcinoma of breast. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2017; 166:383-392. [PMID: 28755148 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-017-4407-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMPC) of the breast has distinct histological features and molecular genetic profiles. Gains/amplifications of 8q24 are found associated with IMPC. Although the prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) gene is located at chromosome 8q24, and found over-expressed in prior studies, its prognostic values and biological significance in IMPC have not been well studied. METHODS Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to assess the frequencies of PSCA copy number gains in IMPC, invasive ductal carcinoma of no special type (IDC-NST), and invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) samples. The protein expression levels of PSCA were examined in 56 IMPC, 72 IDC-NST, and 56 ILC samples using immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS PSCA gene amplification was detected in 45.2% (14/31) of the IMPC, 28.1% (9/32) of the IDC-NST, and none (0/25) of the ILC. PSCA protein expression was observed in 58.9% (33/56), 40.3% (29/72), and 3.6% (2/56) of IMPC, IDC-NST, and ILC samples, respectively. The concordant rate of the immunohistochemistry and FISH data was 85.2%. PSCA gene amplification highly correlated with its protein overexpression (rs = 0.687, P < 0.001), suggesting that gene amplification is an important mechanism involved in PSCA overexpression. Our univariate analysis showed that the patients with PSCA-positive IMPC had a decreased disease-free survival (DFS) compared to PSCA-negative IMPC patients (P = 0.003). Our multivariate analysis confirmed the worse DFS in PSCA-positive IMPC patients (P = 0.022). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that PSCA may be an attractive target in the 8q24 amplicon and that it may serve as a molecular marker of metastasis and recurrence in IMPC. The differential expression of PSCA may be associated with cell adhesion. Detection of PSCA protein and gene amplification may help manage and predict the prognosis of IMPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanfan Meng
- Department of Breast Pathology and Lab, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, West Huanhu Road, Ti Yuan Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Bingbing Liu
- Department of Breast Pathology and Lab, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, West Huanhu Road, Ti Yuan Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Artificial Cell, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center of Public Health Ministry, Tianjin, China
| | - Gan Xie
- Department of Breast Pathology and Lab, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, West Huanhu Road, Ti Yuan Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Yawen Song
- Department of Breast Pathology and Lab, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, West Huanhu Road, Ti Yuan Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Xia Zheng
- Department of Breast Pathology and Lab, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, West Huanhu Road, Ti Yuan Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Xiaolong Qian
- Department of Breast Pathology and Lab, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, West Huanhu Road, Ti Yuan Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Department of Breast Pathology and Lab, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, West Huanhu Road, Ti Yuan Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Hongqin Jia
- Department of Breast Pathology and Lab, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, West Huanhu Road, Ti Yuan Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Xinmin Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Cooper University Hospital, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Lanjing Zhang
- Department of Breast Pathology and Lab, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, West Huanhu Road, Ti Yuan Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center of Princeton, Plainsboro, NJ, USA
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Yi-Ling Yang
- Department of Breast Pathology and Lab, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, West Huanhu Road, Ti Yuan Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China.
| | - Li Fu
- Department of Breast Pathology and Lab, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, West Huanhu Road, Ti Yuan Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China.
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21
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A novel microRNA regulator of prostate cancer epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Cell Death Differ 2017; 24:1263-1274. [PMID: 28498363 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2017.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The most frequent alteration in the prostate oncogenome is loss of chromosome (chr) 8p21 that has been associated with loss of NKX3.1 homeobox gene. Chr8p21 deletions increase significantly with tumor grade and are associated with poor prognosis in prostate cancer (PCa), suggesting critical involvement of this region in tumor progression. Recent studies suggest that apart from NKX3.1, this region harbors alternative tumor suppressors that are yet undefined. We proposed a novel, paradigm shifting hypothesis that this locus is associated with a miRNA gene cluster-miR-3622a/b- that plays a crucial suppressive role in PCa. Here we demonstrate the crucial role of miR-3622a in prostate cancer epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). MicroRNA expression profiling in microdissected human PCa clinical tissues showed that miR-3622a expression is widely downregulated and is significantly correlated with poor survival outcome and tumor progression. To understand the functional significance of miR-3622a, knockdown and overexpression was performed using non-transformed prostate epithelial and PCa cell lines, respectively, followed by functional assays. Our data demonstrate that endogenous miR-3622a expression is vital to maintain the epithelial state of normal and untransformed prostate cells. miR-3622a expression inhibits EMT, progression and metastasis of PCa in vitro and in vivo. Further, we found that miR-3622a directly targets EMT effectors ZEB1 and SNAI2. In view of these data, we propose that frequent loss of miR-3622a at chr8p21 region leads to induction of EMT states that in turn, promotes PCa progression and metastasis. This study has potentially significant implications in the field of prostate cancer as it identifies an important miRNA component of a frequently lost chromosomal region with critical roles in prostate carcinogenesis which is a highly significant step towards understanding the mechanistic involvement of this locus. Also, our study indicates that miR-3622a is a novel PCa biomarker and potential drug target for developing therapeutic regimens against advanced PCa.
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22
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Bucay N, Sekhon K, Yang T, Majid S, Shahryari V, Hsieh C, Mitsui Y, Deng G, Tabatabai ZL, Yamamura S, Calin GA, Dahiya R, Tanaka Y, Saini S. MicroRNA-383 located in frequently deleted chromosomal locus 8p22 regulates CD44 in prostate cancer. Oncogene 2016; 36:2667-2679. [PMID: 27893706 PMCID: PMC5426972 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A major genomic alteration in prostate cancer (PCa) is frequent loss of chromosome (chr) 8p with a common region of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at chr8p22 locus. Genomic studies implicate this locus in the initiation of clinically significant PCa and with progression to metastatic disease. However, the genes within this region have not been fully characterized to date. Here we demonstrate for the first time that a microRNA component of this region –miR-383- is frequently downregulated in prostate cancer, plays a critical role in determining tumor initiating potential and is involved in prostate cancer metastasis via direct regulation of CD44, a ubiquitous marker of PCa tumor initiating cells (TICs)/ stem cells. Expression analyses of miR-383 in PCa clinical tissues established that low miR-383 expression is associated with poor prognosis. Functional data suggests that miR-383 regulates PCa tumor initiating/ stem-like cells via CD44 regulation. Ectopic expression of miR-383 inhibited tumor initiating capacity of CD44+ PCa cells. Also, ‘anti-metastatic’ effects of ectopic miR-383 expression were observed in a PCa experimental metastasis model. In view of our results, we propose that frequent loss of miR-383 at chr8p22 region leads to tumor initiation and prostate cancer metastasis. Thus, we have identified a novel finding that associates a long observed genomic alteration to PCa stemness and metastasis. Our data suggests that restoration of miR-383 expression may be an effective therapeutic modality against PCa. Importantly, we identified miR-383 as a novel PCa tissue diagnostic biomarker with a potential that outperforms that of serum PSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bucay
- Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco and University of California San Francisco, San Fransisco, CA, USA
| | - K Sekhon
- Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco and University of California San Francisco, San Fransisco, CA, USA
| | - T Yang
- Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco and University of California San Francisco, San Fransisco, CA, USA
| | - S Majid
- Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco and University of California San Francisco, San Fransisco, CA, USA
| | - V Shahryari
- Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco and University of California San Francisco, San Fransisco, CA, USA
| | - C Hsieh
- Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco and University of California San Francisco, San Fransisco, CA, USA
| | - Y Mitsui
- Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco and University of California San Francisco, San Fransisco, CA, USA
| | - G Deng
- Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco and University of California San Francisco, San Fransisco, CA, USA
| | - Z L Tabatabai
- Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco and University of California San Francisco, San Fransisco, CA, USA
| | - S Yamamura
- Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco and University of California San Francisco, San Fransisco, CA, USA
| | - G A Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Non-Coding RNA Center, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - R Dahiya
- Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco and University of California San Francisco, San Fransisco, CA, USA
| | - Y Tanaka
- Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco and University of California San Francisco, San Fransisco, CA, USA
| | - S Saini
- Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco and University of California San Francisco, San Fransisco, CA, USA
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23
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Xia Y, Huang CC, Dittmar R, Du M, Wang Y, Liu H, Shenoy N, Wang L, Kohli M. Copy number variations in urine cell free DNA as biomarkers in advanced prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:35818-35831. [PMID: 27127882 PMCID: PMC5094965 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic profiling of urine cell free DNA (cfDNA) has not been evaluated in advanced prostate cancer. We performed whole genome sequencing of urine cfDNAs to identify tumor-associated copy number variations in urine before and after initiating androgen deprivation therapy in HSPC stage and docetaxel chemotherapy in CRPC stage. A log2 ratio-based copy number analysis detected common genomic abnormalities in prostate cancer including AR amplification in 5/10 CRPC patients. Other abnormalities identified included TMPRSS2-ERG fusion, PTEN gene deletion, NOTCH1 locus amplification along with genomic amplifications at 8q24.3, 9q34.3, 11p15.5 and 14q11.2, and deletions at 4q35.2, 5q31.3, 7q36.3, 12q24.33, and 16p11.2. By comparing copy number between pre- and post-treatment, we found significant copy number changes in 34 genomic loci. To estimate the somatic tumor DNA fraction in urine cfDNAs, we developed a Urine Genomic Abnormality (UGA) score algorithm that summed the top ten most significant segments with copy number changes. The UGA scores correlated with tumor burden and the change in UGA score after stage-specific therapies reflected disease progression status and overall survival. The study demonstrates the potential clinical utility of urine cfDNAs in predicting treatment response and monitoring disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xia
- Department of General Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Pathology and MCW Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Chiang-Ching Huang
- Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Rachel Dittmar
- Department of Pathology and MCW Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Meijun Du
- Department of Pathology and MCW Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Pathology and MCW Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Hongyan Liu
- Department of Pathology and MCW Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Niraj Shenoy
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Pathology and MCW Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Manish Kohli
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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24
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Honn KV, Guo Y, Cai Y, Lee MJ, Dyson G, Zhang W, Tucker SC. 12-HETER1/GPR31, a high-affinity 12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid receptor, is significantly up-regulated in prostate cancer and plays a critical role in prostate cancer progression. FASEB J 2016; 30:2360-9. [PMID: 26965684 PMCID: PMC4871796 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201500076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Previously we identified and deorphaned G-protein-coupled receptor 31 (GPR31) as the high-affinity 12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid [12(S)-HETE] receptor (12-HETER1). Here we have determined its distribution in prostate cancer tissue and its role in prostate tumorigenesis using in vitro and in vivo assays. Data-mining studies strongly suggest that 12-HETER1 expression positively correlates with the aggressiveness and progression of prostate tumors. This was corroborated with real-time PCR analysis of human prostate tumor tissue arrays that revealed the expression of 12-HETER1 positively correlates with the clinical stages of prostate cancers and Gleason scores. Immunohistochemistry analysis also proved that the expression of 12-HETER1 is positively correlated with the grades of prostate cancer. Knockdown of 12-HETER1 in prostate cancer cells markedly reduced colony formation and inhibited tumor growth in animals. To discover the regulatory factors, 5 candidate 12-HETER1 promoter cis elements were assayed as luciferase reporter fusions in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, where the putative cis element required for gene regulation was mapped 2 kb upstream of the 12-HETER1 transcriptional start site. The data implicate 12-HETER1 in a critical new role in the regulation of prostate cancer progression and offer a novel alternative target for therapeutic intervention.-Honn, K. V., Guo, Y., Cai, Y., Lee, M.-J., Dyson, G., Zhang, W., Tucker, S. C. 12-HETER1/GPR31, a high-affinity 12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid receptor, is significantly up-regulated in prostate cancer and plays a critical role in prostate cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth V Honn
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA; Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Yande Guo
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Yinlong Cai
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Menq-Jer Lee
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Gregory Dyson
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA; Biostatics Core, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Wenliang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Stephanie C Tucker
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA;
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25
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Van Etten JL, Dehm SM. Clonal origin and spread of metastatic prostate cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2016; 23:R207-17. [PMID: 27000662 PMCID: PMC4895916 DOI: 10.1530/erc-16-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic disease is responsible for the majority of prostate cancer deaths. The standard treatment for metastatic disease is surgical or chemical castration in the form of androgen deprivation therapy. Despite initial success and disease regression, resistance to therapy ultimately develops and the disease transitions to castration-resistant prostate cancer, which is uniformly fatal. Thus, developing an understanding of genetic evolution in metastasis and in response to therapy has been a focus of recent studies. Large-scale sequencing studies have provided an expansive catalog of the mutation events that occur in the prostate cancer genome at various stages of disease progression. Small-scale studies have interrogated the genomic composition of multiple metastatic sites within individual patients or have tracked clonal evolution longitudinally in tissues, circulating tumor cells, or circulating tumor DNA. Collectively, these efforts have provided a new conceptual framework for understanding the origin of prostate cancer, as well as the origin and evolution of metastatic disease. In this review, we highlight these recent insights into the spatiotemporal landscape of genetic evolution of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Scott M Dehm
- Masonic Cancer CenterUniversity of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyUniversity of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA Department of UrologyUniversity of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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26
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Wang Y, Chen CL, Pan QZ, Wu YY, Zhao JJ, Jiang SS, Chao J, Zhang XF, Zhang HX, Zhou ZQ, Tang Y, Huang XQ, Zhang JH, Xia JC. Decreased TPD52 expression is associated with poor prognosis in primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 7:6323-34. [PMID: 26575170 PMCID: PMC4868759 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor protein D52 (TPD52) has been indicated to be involved in tumorigenesis of various malignancies. But its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unknown. This study aimed to explore the expression of TPD52 in HCC samples and cell lines using real-time quantitative PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. The prognostic value of TPD52 in HCC was also analysed. Meanwhile, the mechanism of TPD52 in hepatocarcinogenesis was further investigated by western blotting, immunohistochemistry, over-express and knockdown studies. We found that TPD52 expression was significantly decreased in the HCC tissues and HCC cell lines. TPD52 expression was significantly correlated with tumor-nodes-metastasis (TNM) stage. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that high TPD52 expression was associated with improved overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in HCC patients. Multivariate analysis indicated that TPD52 expression was an independent prognostic marker for the OS and DFS of patients. In addition, TPD52 expression was positively correlated with p21 and p53 expression, and was negatively correlated with MDM2, BCL2 and P-GSK-3β expression in HCC. In conclusions, our findings suggested that TPD52 is a potential tumor suppressor in HCC. It may be a novel prognostic biomarker and molecular therapy target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang-Long Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiu-Zhong Pan
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Yuan Wu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Panyu Branch of Armed Police Corps Hospital of Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Jing Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shan-Shan Jiang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Chao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Xia Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zi-Qi Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Tang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu-Qiong Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Hua Zhang
- Department of Health Service Management, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Chuan Xia
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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27
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St Hill CA, Lutfiyya MN. An epidemiological analysis of potential associations between C-reactive protein, inflammation, and prostate cancer in the male US population using the 2009-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data. Front Chem 2015; 3:55. [PMID: 26380255 PMCID: PMC4552005 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2015.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in US males, yet much remains to be learned about the role of inflammation in its etiology. We hypothesized that preexisting exposure to chronic inflammatory conditions caused by infectious agents or inflammatory diseases increase the risk of prostate cancer. Using the 2009-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we examined the relationships between demographic variables, inflammation, infection, circulating plasma C-reactive protein (CRP), and the risk of occurrence of prostate cancer in US men over 18 years of age. Using IBM SPSS, we performed bivariate and logistic regression analyses using high CRP values as the dependent variable and five study covariates including prostate cancer status. From 2009-2010, an estimated 5,448,373 men reported having prostate cancer of which the majority were Caucasian (70.1%) and were aged 40 years and older (62.7%). Bivariate analyses demonstrated that high CRP was not associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer. Greater odds of having prostate cancer were revealed for men that had inflammation related to disease (OR = 1.029, CI 1.029-1.029) and those who were not taking drugs to control inflammation (OR = 1.330, CI 1.324-1.336). Men who did not have inflammation resulting from non-infectious diseases had greater odds of not having prostate cancer (OR = 1.031, CI 1.030-1.031). Logistic regression analysis yielded that men with the highest CRP values had greater odds of having higher household incomes and lower odds of having received higher education, being aged 40 years or older, being of a race or ethnicity different from other, and of having prostate cancer. Our results show that chronic inflammation of multiple etiologies is a risk factor for prostate cancer and that CRP is not associated with this increased risk. Further research is needed to elucidate the complex interactions between inflammation and prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A St Hill
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - M Nawal Lutfiyya
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN, USA ; National Center for Interprofessional Education and Practice, Children's Rehabilitation Center, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Lee KY, Im JS, Shibata E, Park J, Handa N, Kowalczykowski SC, Dutta A. MCM8-9 complex promotes resection of double-strand break ends by MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 complex. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7744. [PMID: 26215093 PMCID: PMC4525285 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
MCM8-9 complex is required for homologous recombination (HR)-mediated repair of double-strand breaks (DSBs). Here we report that MCM8-9 is required for DNA resection by MRN (MRE11-RAD50-NBS1) at DSBs to generate ssDNA. MCM8-9 interacts with MRN and is required for the nuclease activity and stable association of MRN with DSBs. The ATPase motifs of MCM8-9 are required for recruitment of MRE11 to foci of DNA damage. Homozygous deletion of the MCM9 found in various cancers sensitizes a cancer cell line to interstrand-crosslinking (ICL) agents. A cancer-derived point mutation or an SNP on MCM8 associated with premature ovarian failure (POF) diminishes the functional activity of MCM8. Therefore, the MCM8-9 complex facilitates DNA resection by the MRN complex during HR repair, genetic or epigenetic inactivation of MCM8 or MCM9 are seen in human cancers, and genetic inactivation of MCM8 may be the basis of a POF syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Yong Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Jordan Hall, 1300 Jefferson Park Avenue, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908 USA
| | - Jun-Sub Im
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Jordan Hall, 1300 Jefferson Park Avenue, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908 USA
| | - Etsuko Shibata
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Jordan Hall, 1300 Jefferson Park Avenue, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908 USA
| | - Jonghoon Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Jordan Hall, 1300 Jefferson Park Avenue, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908 USA
| | - Naofumi Handa
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Briggs Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616-8665 USA
| | - Stephen C. Kowalczykowski
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Briggs Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616-8665 USA
| | - Anindya Dutta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Jordan Hall, 1300 Jefferson Park Avenue, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908 USA
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29
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Bawa P, Zackaria S, Verma M, Gupta S, Srivatsan R, Chaudhary B, Srinivasan S. Integrative Analysis of Normal Long Intergenic Non-Coding RNAs in Prostate Cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122143. [PMID: 25933431 PMCID: PMC4416928 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, large numbers of normal human tissues have been profiled for non-coding RNAs and more than fourteen thousand long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs) are found expressed in normal human tissues. The functional roles of these normal lincRNAs (nlincRNAs) in the regulation of protein coding genes in normal and disease biology are yet to be established. Here, we have profiled two RNA-seq datasets including cancer and matched non-neoplastic tissues from 12 individuals from diverse demography for both coding genes and nlincRNAs. We find 130 nlincRNAs significantly regulated in cancer, with 127 regulated in the same direction in the two datasets. Interestingly, according to Illumina Body Map, significant numbers of these nlincRNAs display baseline null expression in normal prostate tissues but are specific to other tissues such as thyroid, kidney, liver and testis. A number of the regulated nlincRNAs share loci with coding genes, which are either co-regulated or oppositely regulated in all cancer samples studied here. For example, in all cancer samples i) the nlincRNA, TCONS_00029157, and a neighboring tumor suppressor factor, SIK1, are both down regulated; ii) several thyroid-specific nlincRNAs in the neighborhood of the thyroid-specific gene TPO, are both up-regulated; and iii) the TCONS_00010581, an isoform of HEIH, is down-regulated while the neighboring EZH2 gene is up-regulated in cancer. Several nlincRNAs from a prostate cancer associated chromosomal locus, 8q24, are up-regulated in cancer along with other known prostate cancer associated genes including PCAT-1, PVT1, and PCAT-92. We observe that there is significant bias towards up-regulation of nlincRNAs with as high as 118 out of 127 up-regulated in cancer, even though regulation of coding genes is skewed towards down-regulation. Considering that all reported cancer associated lincRNAs (clincRNAs) are biased towards up-regulation, we conclude that this bias may be functionally relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpinder Bawa
- IBAB, Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Sajna Zackaria
- IBAB, Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Mohit Verma
- IBAB, Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- IBAB, Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - R Srivatsan
- IBAB, Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Bibha Chaudhary
- IBAB, Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Subhashini Srinivasan
- IBAB, Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- * E-mail:
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30
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Roles of ubiquitination and SUMOylation on prostate cancer: mechanisms and clinical implications. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:4560-80. [PMID: 25734985 PMCID: PMC4394435 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16034560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The initiation and progression of human prostate cancer are highly associated with aberrant dysregulations of tumor suppressors and proto-oncogenes. Despite that deletions and mutations of tumor suppressors and aberrant elevations of oncogenes at the genetic level are reported to cause cancers, emerging evidence has revealed that cancer progression is largely regulated by posttranslational modifications (PTMs) and epigenetic alterations. PTMs play critical roles in gene regulation, cellular functions, tissue development, diseases, malignant progression and drug resistance. Recent discoveries demonstrate that ubiquitination and SUMOylation are complicated but highly-regulated PTMs, and make essential contributions to diseases and cancers by regulation of key factors and signaling pathways. Ubiquitination and SUMOylation pathways can be differentially modulated under various stimuli or stresses in order to produce the sustained oncogenic potentials. In this review, we discuss some new insights about molecular mechanisms on ubiquitination and SUMOylation, their associations with diseases, oncogenic impact on prostate cancer (PCa) and clinical implications for PCa treatment.
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31
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The long non-coding RNA PCAT-1 promotes prostate cancer cell proliferation through cMyc. Neoplasia 2014; 16:900-8. [PMID: 25425964 PMCID: PMC4240923 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 08/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) represent an emerging layer of cancer biology, contributing to tumor proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. Here, we describe a role for the oncogenic lncRNA PCAT-1 in prostate cancer proliferation through cMyc. We find that PCAT-1–mediated proliferation is dependent on cMyc protein stabilization, and using expression profiling, we observed that cMyc is required for a subset of PCAT-1–induced expression changes. The PCAT-1–cMyc relationship is mediated through the post-transcriptional activity of the MYC 3′ untranslated region, and we characterize a role for PCAT-1 in the disruption of MYC-targeting microRNAs. To further elucidate a role for post-transcriptional regulation, we demonstrate that targeting PCAT-1 with miR-3667-3p, which does not target MYC, is able to reverse the stabilization of cMyc by PCAT-1. This work establishes a basis for the oncogenic role of PCAT-1 in cancer cell proliferation and is the first study to implicate lncRNAs in the regulation of cMyc in prostate cancer.
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32
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Ghosh D, Li S. Unsupervised outlier profile analysis. Cancer Inform 2014; 13:25-33. [PMID: 25452686 PMCID: PMC4218656 DOI: 10.4137/cin.s13969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In much of the analysis of high-throughput genomic data, “interesting” genes have been selected based on assessment of differential expression between two groups or generalizations thereof. Most of the literature focuses on changes in mean expression or the entire distribution. In this article, we explore the use of C(α) tests, which have been applied in other genomic data settings. Their use for the outlier expression problem, in particular with continuous data, is problematic but nevertheless motivates new statistics that give an unsupervised analog to previously developed outlier profile analysis approaches. Some simulation studies are used to evaluate the proposal. A bivariate extension is described that can accommodate data from two platforms on matched samples. The proposed methods are applied to data from a prostate cancer study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debashis Ghosh
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Song Li
- Duke Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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33
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Wang R, Zhang J, Ma Y, Chen L, Guo S, Zhang X, Ma Y, Wu L, Pei X, Liu S, Wang J, Hu H, Liu J. Association study of miR‑149 rs2292832 and miR‑608 rs4919510 and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in a large‑scale population. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:2736-44. [PMID: 25190221 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymorphisms in pre‑microRNAs (miRNAs) or mature miRNAs may influence miRNA processing or target binding, thus contributing to tumorigenesis and cancer development. The present study aimed to evaluate whether miR‑149 rs2292832 (C>T) and miR‑608 rs4919510 (G>C) are associated with the risk and clinical characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a large‑scale population. miR‑149 rs2292832 and miR‑608 rs4919510 were genotyped in a total of 993 patients with HCC and 992 unrelated healthy subjects by Sequenom MassARRAY. The results showed that, compared with the reference CC genotype, the TC+TT genotype of miR‑149 was more highly associated with HCC [CC vs. TC+TT: Odds ratio (OR)=1.384, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.013‑1.892, P=0.041], and was also associated with an increased risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV)‑associated HCC (CC vs. TC+TT: OR=1.453, 95% CI=1.034‑2.042, P=0.031). However, no significant association between miRNA‑608 rs4919510 and the risk of HCC/HBV‑associated HCC was found. In addition, these two SNPs were shown not to be correlated with a range of clinical characteristics. The present study may provide an indicator for identification of the high risk of HCC in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Yanyun Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Linqi Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Shicheng Guo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojiao Zhang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Yunfang Ma
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Wu
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Pei
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Siran Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Jiucun Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Heping Hu
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
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35
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Phillips D, Ghosh D. Testing the disjunction hypothesis using Voronoi diagrams with applications to genetics. Ann Appl Stat 2014. [DOI: 10.1214/13-aoas707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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36
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Abstract
Androgen and the androgen receptor (AR) are critical effectors of prostate cancer. Consequently, androgen deprivation therapy is typically employed as a first-line treatment for prostate cancer patients. While initial responses are generally positive, prostate tumors frequently recur and progress to a lethal form known as castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Recently, considerable effort has been directed toward elucidating the molecular mechanisms of CRPC. Results from both preclinical and clinical studies suggest that AR-mediated signaling persists and remains functionally important in CRPC despite the elimination of androgens. Understanding the role of this pathway in the development of resistance will therefore be critical to identify alternative diagnostic markers as well as more effective therapies for the treatment of CRPC. Using next-generation sequencing and other high-throughput approaches, numerous groups are beginning to identify the key differences in the transcriptional regulatory and gene expression programs between androgen-dependent and CRPC. A number of mechanisms have been proposed for the differences and these mostly involve alterations to components of the AR co-regulatory network. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on co-regulators of the AR and discuss their potential roles in CRPC. It is anticipated that a deeper understanding of these factors will undercover new targets that can assist in the diagnosis and treatment of CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ying Sung
- Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 60 Biopolis Street, #02-01 Genome, Singapore 138672, Singapore
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Tennstedt P, Bölch C, Strobel G, Minner S, Burkhardt L, Grob T, Masser S, Sauter G, Schlomm T, Simon R. Patterns of TPD52 overexpression in multiple human solid tumor types analyzed by quantitative PCR. Int J Oncol 2013; 44:609-15. [PMID: 24317684 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.2200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor protein D52 (TPD52) is located at chromosome 8q21, a region that is frequently gained or amplified in multiple human cancer types. TPD52 has been suggested as a potential target for new anticancer therapies. In order to analyze TPD52 expression in the most prevalent human cancer types, we employed quantitative PCR to measure TPD52 mRNA levels in formalin-fixed tissue samples from more than 900 cancer tissues obtained from 29 different human cancer types. TPD52 was expressed at varying levels in all tested normal tissues, including skin, lymph node, lung, oral mucosa, breast, endometrium, ovary, vulva, myometrium, liver, pancreas, stomach, kidney, prostate, testis, urinary bladder, thyroid gland, brain, muscle and fat tissue. TPD52 was upregulated in 18/29 (62%) tested cancer types. Strongest expression was found in non-seminoma (56-fold overexpression compared to corresponding normal tissue), seminoma (42-fold), ductal (28-fold) and lobular breast cancer (14-fold). In these tumor types, TPD52 upregulation was found in the vast majority (>80%) of tested samples. Downregulation was found in 11 (38%) tumor types, most strongly in papillary renal cell cancer (-8-fold), leiomyosarcoma (-6-fold), clear cell renal cell cancer (-5-fold), liposarcoma (-5-fold) and lung cancer (-4-fold). These results demonstrate that TPD52 is frequently and strongly upregulated in many human cancer types, which may represent candidate tumor types for potential anti-TPD52 therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Tennstedt
- Martini-Clinic, Section for Translational Prostate Cancer Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Charlotte Bölch
- Institute of Pathology, Section for Translational Prostate Cancer Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gundula Strobel
- Institute of Pathology, Section for Translational Prostate Cancer Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, Section for Translational Prostate Cancer Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lia Burkhardt
- Institute of Pathology, Section for Translational Prostate Cancer Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Grob
- Institute of Pathology, Section for Translational Prostate Cancer Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sawinee Masser
- Institute of Pathology, Section for Translational Prostate Cancer Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, Section for Translational Prostate Cancer Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schlomm
- Martini-Clinic, Section for Translational Prostate Cancer Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, Section for Translational Prostate Cancer Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Whole-genome methylation sequencing reveals distinct impact of differential methylations on gene transcription in prostate cancer. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2013; 183:1960-1970. [PMID: 24113458 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation is one of the most important epigenetic mechanisms in regulating gene expression. Genome hypermethylation has been proposed as a critical mechanism in human malignancies. However, whole-genome quantification of DNA methylation of human malignancies has rarely been investigated, and the significance of the genome distribution of CpG methylation is unclear. We performed whole-genome methylation sequencing to investigate the methylation profiles of 13 prostate samples: 5 prostate cancers, 4 matched benign prostate tissues adjacent to tumor, and 4 age-matched organ-donor prostate tissues. Alterations of methylation patterns occurred in prostate cancer and in benign prostate tissues adjacent to tumor, in comparison with age-matched organ-donor prostates. More than 95% alterations of genome methylation occurred in sequences outside CpG islands. Only a small fraction of the methylated CpG islands had any effect on RNA expression. Both intragene and promoter CpG island methylations negatively affected gene expression. However, suppressions of RNA expression did not correlate with levels of CpG island methylation, suggesting that CpG island methylation alone might not be sufficient to shut down gene expression. Motif analysis revealed a consensus sequence containing Sp1 binding motif significantly enriched in the effective CpG islands.
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39
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Feik E, Schweifer N, Baierl A, Sommergruber W, Haslinger C, Hofer P, Maj-Hes A, Madersbacher S, Gsur A. Integrative analysis of prostate cancer aggressiveness. Prostate 2013; 73:1413-26. [PMID: 23813660 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical management of prostate cancer (PC) is still highly demanding on the identification of robust biomarkers which will allow a more precise prediction of disease progression. METHODS We profiled both mRNA expression and DNA copy number alterations (CNAs) from laser capture microdissected cells from 31 PC patients and 17 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia using Affymetrix GeneChip® technology. PC patients were subdivided into an aggressive (Gleason Score 8 or higher, and/or T3/T4 and/or N+/M+) and non-aggressive (all others) form of PC. Furthermore, we correlated the two datasets, as genes whose varied expression is due to a chromosomal alteration, may suggest a causal implication of these genes in the disease. All statistical analyses were performed in R version 2.15.0 and Bioconductor version 1.8.1., respectively. RESULTS We confirmed several common altered chromosomal regions as well as recently discovered loci such as deletions on chromosomes 3p14.1-3p13 and 13q13.3-13q14.11 supporting a possible role for RYBP, RGC32, and ELF1 in tumor suppression. Integrative analysis of expression and CN data combined with data retrieved from online databases propose PTP4A3 and ELF1 as possible factors for tumor progression. CONCLUSIONS Copy number data analysis revealed some significant differences between aggressive and non-aggressive tumors, while gene expression data alone could not define an aggressive group of patients. The assessment of CNA may have diagnostic and prognostic value in PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Feik
- Department of Medicine I, Division: Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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40
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Wang K, Wang Y, Collins CC. Chromoplexy: a new paradigm in genome remodeling and evolution. Asian J Androl 2013; 15:711-2. [PMID: 23974363 DOI: 10.1038/aja.2013.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Early massively-parallel sequencing studies have revealed the mutational landscape of protein-coding genes in prostate cancer. However, most of these studies have not explored the extensive influence of genomic rearrangement in prostate cancer. In a recent Cell article, Baca and colleagues used whole-genome sequencing to tackle this issue, comprehensively surveying the abundance of genomic rearrangements present in a large cohort of 57 prostate cancers. They characterized a wide-spread phenomenon termed 'chromoplexy', which may drive cancer evolution through the phenomena of punctuated equilibrium by concurrently dysregulating numerous cancer genes across multiple chromosomes. While the causes of this event still require elucidation, this defining discovery undoubtedly offers an important glimpse into the evolutionary process of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendric Wang
- Vancouver Prostate Centre & Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
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41
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Schoenborn JR, Nelson P, Fang M. Genomic profiling defines subtypes of prostate cancer with the potential for therapeutic stratification. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:4058-66. [PMID: 23704282 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-3606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The remarkable variation in prostate cancer clinical behavior represents an opportunity to identify and understand molecular features that can be used to stratify patients into clinical subgroups for more precise outcome prediction and treatment selection. Significant progress has been made in recent years in establishing the composition of genomic and epigenetic alterations in localized and advanced prostate cancers using array-based technologies and next-generation sequencing approaches. The results of these efforts shed new light on our understanding of this disease and point to subclasses of prostate cancer that exhibit distinct vulnerabilities to therapeutics. The goal of this review is to categorize the genomic data and, where available, corresponding expression, functional, or related therapeutic information, from recent large-scale and in-depth studies that show a new appreciation for the molecular complexity of this disease. We focus on how these results inform our growing understanding of the mechanisms that promote genetic instability, as well as routes by which specific genes and biologic pathways may serve as biomarkers or potential targets for new therapies. We summarize data that indicate the presence of genetic subgroups of prostate cancers and show the high level of intra- and intertumoral heterogeneity, as well as updated information on disseminated and circulating tumor cells. The integrated analysis of all types of genetic alterations that culminate in altering critical biologic pathways may serve as the impetus for developing new therapeutics, repurposing agents used currently for treating other malignancies, and stratifying early and advanced prostate cancers for appropriate interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie R Schoenborn
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
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42
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Haddad BR, Gu L, Mirtti T, Dagvadorj A, Vogiatzi P, Hoang DT, Bajaj R, Leiby B, Ellsworth E, Blackmon S, Ruiz C, Curtis M, Fortina P, Ertel A, Liu C, Rui H, Visakorpi T, Bubendorf L, Lallas CD, Trabulsi EJ, McCue P, Gomella L, Nevalainen MT. STAT5A/B gene locus undergoes amplification during human prostate cancer progression. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2013; 182:2264-75. [PMID: 23660011 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying progression of prostate cancer (PCa) to castrate-resistant (CR) and metastatic disease are poorly understood. Our previous mechanistic work shows that inhibition of transcription factor Stat5 by multiple alternative methods induces extensive rapid apoptotic death of Stat5-positive PCa cells in vitro and inhibits PCa xenograft tumor growth in nude mice. Furthermore, STAT5A/B induces invasive behavior of PCa cells in vitro and in vivo, suggesting involvement of STAT5A/B in PCa progression. Nuclear STAT5A/B protein levels are increased in high-grade PCas, CR PCas, and distant metastases, and high nuclear STAT5A/B expression predicts early disease recurrence and PCa-specific death in clinical PCas. Based on these findings, STAT5A/B represents a therapeutic target protein for advanced PCa. The mechanisms underlying increased Stat5 protein levels in PCa are unclear. Herein, we demonstrate amplification at the STAT5A/B gene locus in a significant fraction of clinical PCa specimens. STAT5A/B gene amplification was more frequently found in PCas of high histologic grades and in CR distant metastases. Quantitative in situ analysis revealed that STAT5A/B gene amplification was associated with increased STAT5A/B protein expression in PCa. Functional studies showed that increased STAT5A/B copy numbers conferred growth advantage in PCa cells in vitro and as xenograft tumors in vivo. The work presented herein provides the first evidence of somatic STAT5A/B gene amplification in clinical PCas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassem R Haddad
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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43
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Trudel D, Zafarana G, Sykes J, Have CL, Bristow RG, van der Kwast T. 4FISH-IF, a four-color dual-gene FISH combined with p63 immunofluorescence to evaluate NKX3.1 and MYC status in prostate cancer. J Histochem Cytochem 2013; 61:500-9. [PMID: 23640976 DOI: 10.1369/0022155413490946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
NKX3.1 allelic loss and MYC amplification are common events during prostate cancer progression and have been recognized as potential prognostic factors in prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy or precision radiotherapy. We have developed a 4FISH-IF assay (a dual-gene fluorescence in situ hybridization combined with immunofluorescence) to measure both NKX3.1 and MYC status on the same slide. The 4FISH-IF assay contains four probes complementary to chromosome 8 centromere, 8p telomere, 8p21, and 8q24, as well as an antibody targeting the basal cell marker p63 visualized by immunofluorescence. The major advantages of the 4FISH-IF include the distinction between benign and malignant glands directly on the 4FISH-IF slide and the control of truncation artifact. Importantly, this specialized and innovative combined multiprobe and immunofluorescence technique can be performed on diagnostic biopsy specimens, increasing its clinical relevance. Moreover, the assay can be easily performed in a standard clinical molecular pathology laboratory. Globally, the use of 4FISH-IF decreases analytic time, increases confidence in obtained results, and maintains the tissue morphology of the diagnostic specimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Trudel
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology/Applied Molecular Oncology, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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44
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Wyatt AW, Mo F, Wang Y, Collins CC. The diverse heterogeneity of molecular alterations in prostate cancer identified through next-generation sequencing. Asian J Androl 2013; 15:301-8. [PMID: 23503423 PMCID: PMC3739651 DOI: 10.1038/aja.2013.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a leading cause of global cancer-related death but attempts to improve diagnoses and develop novel therapies have been confounded by significant patient heterogeneity. In recent years, the application of next-generation sequencing to hundreds of prostate tumours has defined novel molecular subtypes and characterized extensive genomic aberration underlying disease initiation and progression. It is now clear that the heterogeneity observed in the clinic is underpinned by a molecular landscape rife with complexity, where genomic rearrangements and rare mutations combine to amplify transcriptomic diversity. This review dissects our current understanding of prostate cancer 'omics', including the sentinel role of copy number variation, the growing spectrum of oncogenic fusion genes, the potential influence of chromothripsis, and breakthroughs in defining mutation-associated subtypes. Increasing evidence suggests that genomic lesions frequently converge on specific cellular functions and signalling pathways, yet recurrent gene aberration appears rare. Therefore, it is critical that we continue to define individual tumour genomes, especially in the context of their expressed transcriptome. Only through improved characterisation of tumour to tumour variability can we advance to an age of precision therapy and personalized oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander W Wyatt
- Vancouver Prostate Centre & Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada.
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45
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CORRÊA NATÁSSIAC, KUASNE HELLEN, FARIA JERUSAA, SEIXAS CIÇAC, SANTOS IRIAG, ABREU FRANCINEB, NONOGAKI SUELY, ROCHA RAFAELM, SILVA GERLUZAAPARECIDABORGES, GOBBI HELENICE, ROGATTO SILVIAR, GOES ALFREDOM, GOMES DAWIDSONA. Genomic and phenotypic profiles of two Brazilian breast cancer cell lines derived from primary human tumors. Oncol Rep 2013; 29:1299-307. [PMID: 23404580 PMCID: PMC3621816 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women worldwide. Research using breast cancer cell lines derived from primary tumors may provide valuable additional knowledge regarding this type of cancer. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the phenotypic profiles of MACL-1 and MGSO-3, the only Brazilian breast cancer cell lines available for comparative studies. We evaluated the presence of hormone receptors, proliferation, differentiation and stem cell markers, using immunohistochemical staining of the primary tumor, cultured cells and xenografts implanted in immunodeficient mice. We also investigated the ability of the cell lines to form colonies and copy number alterations by array comparative genomic hybridization. Histopathological analysis showed that the invasive primary tumor from which the MACL-1 cell line was derived, was a luminal A subtype carcinoma, while the ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) that gave rise to the MGSO-3 cell line was a HER2 subtype tumor, both showing different proliferation levels. The cell lines and the tumor xenografts in mice preserved their high proliferative potential, but did not maintain the expression of the other markers assessed. This shift in expression may be due to the selection of an 'establishment' phenotype in vitro. Whole-genome DNA evaluation showed a large amount of copy number alterations (CNAs) in the two cell lines. These findings render MACL-1 and MGSO-3 the first characterized Brazilian breast cancer cell lines to be potentially used for comparative research.
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Affiliation(s)
- NATÁSSIA C.R. CORRÊA
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte
| | - HELLEN KUASNE
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina
| | - JERUSA A.Q.A. FARIA
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte
| | - CIÇA C.S. SEIXAS
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte
| | - IRIA G.D. SANTOS
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte
| | | | - SUELY NONOGAKI
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, A.C. Camargo Hospital, São Paulo
| | - RAFAEL M. ROCHA
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, A.C. Camargo Hospital, São Paulo
| | | | - HELENICE GOBBI
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte
| | - SILVIA R. ROGATTO
- NeoGene Laboratory, CIPE
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Paulista State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - ALFREDO M. GOES
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte
| | - DAWIDSON A. GOMES
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte
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46
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Analysis of genetic aberrations on chromosomal region 8q21–24 identifies E2F5 as an oncogene with copy number gain in prostate cancer. Med Oncol 2013; 30:465. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-013-0465-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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47
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Upregulation of SATB1 is associated with prostate cancer aggressiveness and disease progression. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53527. [PMID: 23308245 PMCID: PMC3538595 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Disease aggressiveness remains a critical factor to the progression of prostate cancer. Transformation of epithelial cells to mesenchymal lineage, associated with the loss of E-cadherin, offers significant invasive potential and migration capability. Recently, Special AT-rich binding protein (SATB1) has been linked to tumor progression. SATB1 is a cell-type restricted nuclear protein, which functions as a tissue-specific organizer of DNA sequences during cellular differentiation. Our results demonstrate that SATB1 plays significant role in prostate tumor invasion and migration and its nuclear localization correlates with disease aggressiveness. Clinical specimen analysis showed that SATB1 was predominantly expressed in the nucleus of high-grade tumors compared to low-grade tumor and benign tissue. A progressive increase in the nuclear levels of SATB1 was observed in cancer tissues compared to benign specimens. Similarly, SATB1 protein levels were higher in a number of prostate cancer cells viz. HPV-CA-10, DU145, DUPro, PC-3, PC-3M, LNCaP and C4-2B, compared to non-tumorigenic PZ-HPV-7 cells. Nuclear expression of SATB1 was higher in biologically aggressive subclones of prostate cancer cells with their respective parental cell lines. Furthermore, ectopic SATB1 transfection conferred increased cell motility and invasiveness in immortalized human prostate epithelial PZ-HPV-7 cells which correlated with the loss of E-cadherin expression. Consequently, knockdown of SATB1 in highly aggressive human prostate cancer PC-3M cells inhibited invasiveness and tumor growth in vivo along with increase in E-cadherin protein expression. Our findings demonstrate that SATB1 has ability to promote prostate cancer aggressiveness through epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
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The 16p13.3 (PDPK1) Genomic Gain in Prostate Cancer: A Potential Role in Disease Progression. Transl Oncol 2012; 5:453-60. [PMID: 23401739 DOI: 10.1593/tlo.12286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Revised: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) is a leading cause of cancer death, and distinguishing aggressive from indolent tumors is a major challenge. Identification and characterization of genomic alterations associated with advanced disease can provide new markers of progression and better therapeutic approaches. METHODS We performed fluorescence in situ hybridization to detect the copy number gain of chromosome 16p13.3 in 75 PCa samples including 10 lymph node (LN) metastases and their matched primary tumors, 9 samples of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), and 46 additional primary PCa specimens with clinicopathologic parameters. RESULTS We detected the gain in 5 of 10 LN metastases and 3 of 5 matched primary tumors, 3 of 9 CRPC samples, and 9 of 46 (20%) primary tumors where the 16p13.3 alteration was associated with high Gleason score and elevated preoperative prostate-specific antigen levels. The level of 16p13.3 gain was higher in LN metastasis and CRPC specimens compared to primary PCa. Chromosome mapping revealed the gain spans PDPK1 encoding the 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK1). Knockdown of PDK1 in three PCa cell lines reduced migration without affecting growth and re-expressing PDK1 rescued motility. CONCLUSION Our findings support a prognostic value of the 16p13.3 gain and a role of PDK1 in PCa progression through migration.
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49
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Byrne JA, Chen Y, Martin La Rotta N, Peters GB. Challenges in identifying candidate amplification targets in human cancers: chromosome 8q21 as a case study. Genes Cancer 2012; 3:87-101. [PMID: 23050042 DOI: 10.1177/1947601912456287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Detailed genomic characterization of cancer specimens is required to identify all genes whose dysregulation contributes to tumorigenesis and/or tumor progression. These include amplification target genes, whose oncogenic functions derive from their overexpression in response to increased gene copy number, and which increasingly serve as therapeutic targets and predictive markers. We propose that identifying novel amplification target genes is becoming more challenging, and may require the comparative analysis of multiple studies mapping gene copy number changes and/or defining associations between gene copy number and expression. We therefore reviewed the array comparative genomic hybridization and single nucleotide polymorphism profiling literature to identify copy number increases that were restricted to chromosome 8q21 in human cancers, which were reported most frequently in breast cancer. We determined the minimal regions of overlap between gained regions and then examined which chromosome 8q21 genes were most frequently overexpressed, or otherwise supported, in individual studies. As these combined approaches supported the previously proposed amplification targets TCEB1, TPD52, and WWP1, the comparison of multiple genomic studies may therefore effectively predict candidate gene amplification targets, and prioritize these for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Byrne
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Children's Cancer Research Unit, Kids Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia ; The University of Sydney Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
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50
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Ryan BM, McClary AC, Valeri N, Robinson D, Paone A, Bowman ED, Robles AI, Croce C, Harris CC. rs4919510 in hsa-mir-608 is associated with outcome but not risk of colorectal cancer. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36306. [PMID: 22606253 PMCID: PMC3350523 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is the third most incident cancer and cause of cancer-related death in the United States. MicroRNAs, a class of small non-coding RNAs, have been implicated in the pathogenesis and prognosis of colorectal cancer, although few studies have examined the relationship between germline mutation in the microRNAs with risk and prognosis. We therefore investigated the association between a SNP in hsa-mir-608, which lies within the 10q24 locus, and colorectal cancer. METHODS AND RESULTS A cohort consisting of 245 cases and 446 controls was genotyped for rs4919510. The frequency of the GG genotype was significantly higher in African Americans (15%) compared to Caucasians (3%) controls. There was no significant association between rs4919510 and colorectal cancer risk (African American: OR(GG vs. CC) 0.89 [95% CI, 0.41-1.80]) (Caucasian: OR(GG vs. CC) 1.76, ([95% CI, 0.48-6.39]). However, we did observe an association with survival. The GG genotype was associated with an increased risk of death in Caucasians (HR(GG vs. CC) 3.54 ([95% CI, 1.38-9.12]) and with a reduced risk of death in African Americans (HR(GG vs. CC) 0.36 ([95% CI 0.12-1.07). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that rs4910510 may be associated with colorectal cancer survival in a manner that is dependent on race.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bríd M Ryan
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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