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Beauchamp E, Gamma JM, Cromwell CR, Moussa EW, Pain R, Kostiuk MA, Acevedo-Morantes C, Iyer A, Yap M, Vincent KM, Postovit LM, Julien O, Hubbard BP, Mackey JR, Berthiaume LG. Multiomics analysis identifies oxidative phosphorylation as a cancer vulnerability arising from myristoylation inhibition. J Transl Med 2024; 22:431. [PMID: 38715059 PMCID: PMC11075276 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05150-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In humans, two ubiquitously expressed N-myristoyltransferases, NMT1 and NMT2, catalyze myristate transfer to proteins to facilitate membrane targeting and signaling. We investigated the expression of NMTs in numerous cancers and found that NMT2 levels are dysregulated by epigenetic suppression, particularly so in hematologic malignancies. This suggests that pharmacological inhibition of the remaining NMT1 could allow for the selective killing of these cells, sparing normal cells with both NMTs. METHODS AND RESULTS Transcriptomic analysis of 1200 NMT inhibitor (NMTI)-treated cancer cell lines revealed that NMTI sensitivity relates not only to NMT2 loss or NMT1 dependency, but also correlates with a myristoylation inhibition sensitivity signature comprising 54 genes (MISS-54) enriched in hematologic cancers as well as testis, brain, lung, ovary, and colon cancers. Because non-myristoylated proteins are degraded by a glycine-specific N-degron, differential proteomics revealed the major impact of abrogating NMT1 genetically using CRISPR/Cas9 in cancer cells was surprisingly to reduce mitochondrial respiratory complex I proteins rather than cell signaling proteins, some of which were also reduced, albeit to a lesser extent. Cancer cell treatments with the first-in-class NMTI PCLX-001 (zelenirstat), which is undergoing human phase 1/2a trials in advanced lymphoma and solid tumors, recapitulated these effects. The most downregulated myristoylated mitochondrial protein was NDUFAF4, a complex I assembly factor. Knockout of NDUFAF4 or in vitro cell treatment with zelenirstat resulted in loss of complex I, oxidative phosphorylation and respiration, which impacted metabolomes. CONCLUSIONS Targeting of both, oxidative phosphorylation and cell signaling partly explains the lethal effects of zelenirstat in select cancer types. While the prognostic value of the sensitivity score MISS-54 remains to be validated in patients, our findings continue to warrant the clinical development of zelenirstat as cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jay M Gamma
- Department of Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Christopher R Cromwell
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Eman W Moussa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Rony Pain
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Morris A Kostiuk
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Claudia Acevedo-Morantes
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Aishwarya Iyer
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Megan Yap
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Krista M Vincent
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Lynne M Postovit
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Olivier Julien
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Basil P Hubbard
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Luc G Berthiaume
- Pacylex Pharmaceuticals Inc., Edmonton, AB, Canada.
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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2
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Lao C, Zheng P, Chen H, Liu Q, An F, Li Z. DeepAEG: a model for predicting cancer drug response based on data enhancement and edge-collaborative update strategies. BMC Bioinformatics 2024; 25:105. [PMID: 38461284 PMCID: PMC10925015 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-024-05723-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION The prediction of cancer drug response is a challenging subject in modern personalized cancer therapy due to the uncertainty of drug efficacy and the heterogeneity of patients. It has been shown that the characteristics of the drug itself and the genomic characteristics of the patient can greatly influence the results of cancer drug response. Therefore, accurate, efficient, and comprehensive methods for drug feature extraction and genomics integration are crucial to improve the prediction accuracy. RESULTS Accurate prediction of cancer drug response is vital for guiding the design of anticancer drugs. In this study, we propose an end-to-end deep learning model named DeepAEG which is based on a complete-graph update mode to predict IC50. Specifically, we integrate an edge update mechanism on the basis of a hybrid graph convolutional network to comprehensively learn the potential high-dimensional representation of topological structures in drugs, including atomic characteristics and chemical bond information. Additionally, we present a novel approach for enhancing simplified molecular input line entry specification data by employing sequence recombination to eliminate the defect of single sequence representation of drug molecules. Our extensive experiments show that DeepAEG outperforms other existing methods across multiple evaluation parameters in multiple test sets. Furthermore, we identify several potential anticancer agents, including bortezomib, which has proven to be an effective clinical treatment option. Our results highlight the potential value of DeepAEG in guiding the design of specific cancer treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanqi Lao
- Research Center for Graph Computing, Zhejiang Lab, Yuhang, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pengfei Zheng
- Research Center for Graph Computing, Zhejiang Lab, Yuhang, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongyang Chen
- Research Center for Graph Computing, Zhejiang Lab, Yuhang, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Qiao Liu
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Feng An
- Research Center for Graph Computing, Zhejiang Lab, Yuhang, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhao Li
- Research Center for Graph Computing, Zhejiang Lab, Yuhang, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China
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3
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Lu YW, Hou XL, Koo HM, Chao WT. Dasatinib suppresses collective cell migration through the coordination of focal adhesion and E-cadherin in colon cancer cells. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23501. [PMID: 38187289 PMCID: PMC10770570 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Collective cell migration is an important process in cancer metastasis. Unlike single-cell migration, collective cell migration requires E-cadherin expression in the cell cohort. However, the mechanisms underlying cellular contact and focal adhesions remain unclear. In this study, Src was hypothesized to coordinate focal adhesion and Rab11-mediated E-cadherin distribution during collective cell migration. This study primarily used confocal microscopy to visualize the 3D structure of cell-cell contacts with associated molecules. These results demonstrate that the clinical Src inhibitor dasatinib was less toxic to HT-29 colon cancer cells; instead, the cells aggregated. 3D immunofluorescence imaging showed that Rab11 was localized with E-cadherin at the adherens junctions of the apical cell-cell contacts. In the transwell assay, Rab11 colocalized with a broad range of E-cadherin proteins in collectively migrated cells, and dasatinib treatment significantly suppressed collective cell migration. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that dasatinib treatment increased cell membrane protrusion contacts and generated spaces between cells, which may allow epidermal growth factor receptor activity at the cell-cell contacts. This study suggests that dasatinib treatment does not inhibit cell survival but targets Src at different cellular compartments in the coordination of focal adhesions and cell-cell contacts in collective cell migration through E-cadherin dynamics in colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wen Lu
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, 1727. 4 Sec. Taiwan Blvd., Taichung, Taiwan 407
| | - Xiang-Ling Hou
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, 1727. 4 Sec. Taiwan Blvd., Taichung, Taiwan 407
| | - Hui-Min Koo
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, 1727. 4 Sec. Taiwan Blvd., Taichung, Taiwan 407
| | - Wei-Ting Chao
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, 1727. 4 Sec. Taiwan Blvd., Taichung, Taiwan 407
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4
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Kaiser R, Anjum A, Kammerer L, Loew Q, Akhalkatsi A, Rossaro D, Escaig R, Droste zu Senden A, Raude B, Lorenz M, Gold C, Pekayvaz K, Brocker T, Kranich J, Holch JW, Spiekermann K, Massberg S, Gaertner F, Nicolai L. Mechanosensing via a GpIIb/Src/14-3-3ζ axis critically regulates platelet migration in vascular inflammation. Blood 2023; 141:2973-2992. [PMID: 37018659 PMCID: PMC10646815 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022019210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets are not only the first responders in thrombosis and hemostasis but also central players in inflammation. Compared with platelets recruited to thrombi, immune-responsive platelets use distinct effector functions including actin-related protein complex 2/3-dependent migration along adhesive substrate gradients (haptotaxis), which prevents inflammatory bleeding and contributes to host defense. How platelet migration in this context is regulated on a cellular level is incompletely understood. Here, we use time-resolved morphodynamic profiling of individual platelets to show that migration, in contrast to clot retraction, requires anisotropic myosin IIa-activity at the platelet rear which is preceded by polarized actin polymerization at the front to initiate and maintain migration. Integrin GPIIb-dependent outside-in signaling via Gα13 coordinates polarization of migrating platelets to trigger tyrosine kinase c-Src/14-3-3ζ-dependent lamellipodium formation and functions independent of soluble agonists or chemotactic signals. Inhibitors of this signaling cascade, including the clinically used ABL/c-Src inhibitor dasatinib, interfere predominantly with the migratory capacity of platelets, without major impairment of classical platelet functions. In murine inflammation models, this translates to reduced migration of platelets visualized by 4D intravital microscopy, resulting in increased inflammation-associated hemorrhage in acute lung injury. Finally, platelets isolated from patients with leukemia treated with dasatinib who are prone to clinically relevant hemorrhage exhibit prominent migration defects, whereas other platelet functions are only partially affected. In summary, we define a distinct signaling pathway essential for migration and provide novel mechanistic insights explaining dasatinib-related platelet dysfunction and bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Kaiser
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Afra Anjum
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Lisa Kammerer
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Quentin Loew
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Anastassia Akhalkatsi
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Dario Rossaro
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Raphael Escaig
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Augustin Droste zu Senden
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Ben Raude
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Lorenz
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Gold
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Kami Pekayvaz
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Brocker
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan Kranich
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julian Walter Holch
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Munich and German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karsten Spiekermann
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Munich and German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Steffen Massberg
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Gaertner
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Leo Nicolai
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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5
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Xu X, Ji S, Chen Y, Xia S, Li Y, Chen L, Li Y, Zhang F, Zhang Z, Zheng S. Induction of DNMT1-dependent demethylation of SHP-1 by the natural flavonoid compound Baicalein overcame Imatinib-resistance in CML CD34 + cells. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:47. [PMID: 36869331 PMCID: PMC9985268 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01049-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most significant cause of treatment failure in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a persistent population of minimal residual cells. Emerging evidences showed that methylation of SHP-1 contributed to Imatinib (IM) resistance. Baicalein was reported to have an effect on reversal of chemotherapeutic agents resistance. However, the molecular mechanism of Baicalein on JAK2/STAT5 signaling inhibition against drug resistance in bone marrow (BM) microenvironment that had not been clearly revealed. METHODS We co-cultured hBMSCs and CML CD34+ cells as a model of SFM-DR. Further researches were performed to clarify the reverse mechanisms of Baicalein on SFM-DR model and engraftment model. The apoptosis, cytotoxicity, proliferation, GM-CSF secretion, JAK2/STAT5 activity, the expression of SHP-1 and DNMT1 were analyzed. To validate the role of SHP-1 on the reversal effect of Baicalein, the SHP-1 gene was over-expressed by pCMV6-entry shp-1 and silenced by SHP-1 shRNA, respectively. Meanwhile, the DNMT1 inhibitor decitabine was used. The methylation extent of SHP-1 was evaluated using MSP and BSP. The molecular docking was replenished to further explore the binding possibility of Baicalein and DNMT1. RESULTS BCR/ABL-independent activation of JAK2/STAT5 signaling was involved in IM resistance in CML CD34+ subpopulation. Baicalein significantly reversed BM microenvironment-induced IM resistance not through reducing GM-CSF secretion, but interfering DNMT1 expression and activity. Baicalein induced DNMT1-mediated demethylation of the SHP-1 promoter region, and subsequently activated SHP-1 re-expression, which resulted in an inhibition of JAK2/STAT5 signaling in resistant CML CD34+ cells. Molecular docking model indicated that DNMT1 and Baicalein had binding pockets in 3D structures, which further supported Baicalein might be a small-molecule inhibitor targeting DNMT1. CONCLUSIONS The mechanism of Baicalein on improving the sensitivity of CD34+ cells to IM might be correlated with SHP-1 demethylation by inhibition of DNMT1 expression. These findings suggested that Baicalein could be a promising candidate by targeting DNMT1 to eradicate minimal residual disease in CML patients. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefen Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No.138, Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China. .,Jangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shufan Ji
- Jangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No.138, Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Siwei Xia
- Jangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Li
- Jangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Chen
- Jangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujia Li
- Jangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Jangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zili Zhang
- Jangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shizhong Zheng
- Jangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Pathobiology and Therapeutic Relevance of GSK-3 in Chronic Hematological Malignancies. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111812. [PMID: 35681507 PMCID: PMC9180032 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is an evolutionarily conserved, ubiquitously expressed, multifunctional serine/threonine protein kinase involved in the regulation of a variety of physiological processes. GSK-3 comprises two isoforms (α and β) which were originally discovered in 1980 as enzymes involved in glucose metabolism via inhibitory phosphorylation of glycogen synthase. Differently from other proteins kinases, GSK-3 isoforms are constitutively active in resting cells, and their modulation mainly involves inhibition through upstream regulatory networks. In the early 1990s, GSK-3 isoforms were implicated as key players in cancer cell pathobiology. Active GSK-3 facilitates the destruction of multiple oncogenic proteins which include β-catenin and Master regulator of cell cycle entry and proliferative metabolism (c-Myc). Therefore, GSK-3 was initially considered to be a tumor suppressor. Consistently, GSK-3 is often inactivated in cancer cells through dysregulated upstream signaling pathways. However, over the past 10–15 years, a growing number of studies highlighted that in some cancer settings GSK-3 isoforms inhibit tumor suppressing pathways and therefore act as tumor promoters. In this article, we will discuss the multiple and often enigmatic roles played by GSK-3 isoforms in some chronic hematological malignancies (chronic myelogenous leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, multiple myeloma, and B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas) which are among the most common blood cancer cell types. We will also summarize possible novel strategies targeting GSK-3 for innovative therapies of these disorders.
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7
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Kauer J, Märklin M, Pflügler M, Hörner S, Hinterleitner C, Tandler C, Jung G, Salih HR, Heitmann JS. BCR::ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors hamper the therapeutic efficacy of blinatumomab in vitro. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 148:2759-2771. [PMID: 35551463 PMCID: PMC9470724 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04039-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Acute B-lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is a malignant disease characterized by accumulation of clonal immature lymphocytes in the bone marrow and peripheral blood. The approval of BCR::ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) such as imatinib, dasatinib, nilotinib and ponatinib marked a milestone in targeted therapy only for a subset of patients carrying the translocation t(9;22)(q34;q11). Immunotherapy with the bispecific antibody (bsAb) blinatumomab targeting CD19xCD3 revolutionized treatment of all B-ALL cases. The combination of both TKI and bsAb, so-called "dual targeting", is currently under clinical investigation, although TKI might influence T cell effects. METHODS We here investigated the combination of different TKI and blinatumomab in BCR::ABL1+ and BCR::ABL1- B-ALL cell lines and primary samples regarding T cell proliferation, differentiation, cytokine release and killing of tumor cells. RESULTS In vitro analysis revealed profound reduction of T cell proliferation, differentiation, cytokine release and killing of tumor cells upon application of BCR::ABL1 TKI with blinatumomab. Inhibition was more pronounced with dasatinib and ponatinib compared to nilotinib and imatinib. T cell signalling after CD3 stimulation was impaired by TKI mirrored by inhibition of LCK phosphorylation. This known off-target effect might influence the efficacy of bsAb therapy when combined with BCR::ABL1 TKI. CONCLUSION In conclusion, we propose that nilotinib and imatinib might also be suitable substances for combination with blinatumomab and suggest evaluation in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Kauer
- Departament of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Melanie Märklin
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,DFG Cluster of Excellence 2180 'Image-Guided and Functional Instructed Tumor Therapy' (IFIT), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Pflügler
- Departament of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hörner
- Departament of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Clemens Hinterleitner
- Department of Medical Oncology and Pneumology (Internal Medicine VIII), University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,DFG Cluster of Excellence 2180 'Image-Guided and Functional Instructed Tumor Therapy' (IFIT), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Tandler
- Departament of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,DFG Cluster of Excellence 2180 'Image-Guided and Functional Instructed Tumor Therapy' (IFIT), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gundram Jung
- Departament of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Helmut R Salih
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,DFG Cluster of Excellence 2180 'Image-Guided and Functional Instructed Tumor Therapy' (IFIT), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jonas S Heitmann
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany. .,DFG Cluster of Excellence 2180 'Image-Guided and Functional Instructed Tumor Therapy' (IFIT), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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8
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Targeting the FAK-Src Complex in Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumors, Ewing Sarcoma, and Rhabdomyosarcoma. Sarcoma 2022; 2022:3089424. [PMID: 35655525 PMCID: PMC9153931 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3089424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Desmoplastic small round cell tumors (DSRCTs), Ewing sarcoma (ES), and alveolar and embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS and ERMS) are malignant sarcomas typically occurring at young age, with a poor prognosis in the metastatic setting. New treatment options are necessary. Src family kinase inhibitor dasatinib single-agent treatment has been investigated in a phase 2 study in patients with advanced sarcomas including ES and RMS but failed as a single agent in these subtypes. Since previous studies demonstrated high FAK and Src activities in RMS and ES tissue and cell lines, and dasatinib treatment was shown to upregulate activated FAK, we hypothesized that FAK-Src combination treatment could potentially be an interesting treatment option for these tumor types. We examined the effects of targeting the FAK-Src complex by addressing (p)FAK and (p)Src expressions in tumor sections of DSRCT (n = 13), ES (n = 68), ARMS (n = 21), and ERMS (n = 39) and by determining the antitumor effects of single and combined treatment with FAK inhibitor defactinib and multikinase (Abl/SFK) inhibitor dasatinib in vitro on cell lines of each subtype. In vivo effects were assessed in DSRCT and ERMS models. Concurrent pFAK and pSrc expressions (H-score >50) were observed in DSRCT (67%), ES (6%), ARMS (35%), and ERMS (19%) samples. Defactinib treatment decreased pFAK expression and reduced cell viability in all subtypes. Dasatinib treatment decreased pSrc expression and cell viability in each subtype. Combination treatment led to a complete reduction in pFAK and pSrc in each cell line and showed enhanced cell viability reduction, drug synergy, DNA damage induction, and a trend toward higher apoptosis induction in DSRCT, ERMS, and ARMS but not in ES cells. These promising in vitro results unfortunately do not translate into promising in vivo results as we did not observe a significant effect on tumor volume in vivo, and the combination did not show superior effects compared to dasatinib single-agent treatment.
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Preparing for CAR T cell therapy: patient selection, bridging therapies and lymphodepletion. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2022; 19:342-355. [PMID: 35318469 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-022-00607-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have emerged as a potent therapeutic approach for patients with certain haematological cancers, with multiple CAR T cell products currently approved by the FDA for those with relapsed and/or refractory B cell malignancies. However, in order to derive the desired level of effectiveness, patients need to successfully receive the CAR T cell infusion in a timely fashion. This process entails apheresis of the patient's T cells, followed by CAR T cell manufacture. While awaiting infusion at an authorized treatment centre, patients may receive interim disease-directed therapy. Most patients will also receive a course of pre-CAR T cell lymphodepletion, which has emerged as an important factor in enabling durable responses. The time between apheresis and CAR T cell infusion is often not a simple journey, with each milestone being a critical step that can have important downstream consequences for the ability to receive the infusion and the strength of clinical responses. In this Review, we provide a summary of the many considerations for preparing patients with B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma or acute lymphoblastic leukaemia for CAR T cell therapy, and outline current limitations and areas for future research.
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10
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Cortizo FG, Pfaff D, Wirth A, Schlotterer A, Medert R, Morgenstern J, Weber T, Hammes HP, Fleming T, Nawroth PP, Freichel M, Teleman AA. The activity of glyoxylase 1 is regulated by glucose-responsive phosphorylation on Tyr136. Mol Metab 2022; 55:101406. [PMID: 34838714 PMCID: PMC8715127 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Methylglyoxal (MG) is a highly reactive α-oxoaldehyde that glycates proteins. MG has been linked to the development of diabetic complications: MG is the major precursor of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), a risk marker for diabetic complications in humans. Furthermore, flies and fish with elevated MG develop insulin resistance, obesity, and hyperglycemia. MG is detoxified in large part through the glyoxalase system, whose rate-limiting enzyme is glyoxalase I (Glo1). Hence, we aimed to study how Glo1 activity is regulated. METHODS We studied the regulation and effect of post-translational modifications of Glo1 in tissue culture and in mouse models of diabetes. RESULTS We show that Glo1 activity is promoted by phosphorylation on Tyrosine 136 via multiple kinases. We find that Glo1 Y136 phosphorylation responds in a bimodal fashion to glucose levels, increasing in cell culture from 0 mM to 5 mM (physiological) glucose, and then decreasing at higher glucose concentrations, both in cell culture and in mouse models of hyperglycemia. CONCLUSIONS These data, together with published findings that elevated MG leads to hyperglycemia, suggest the existence of a deleterious positive feedback loop whereby hyperglycemia leads to reduced Glo1 activity, contributing to elevated MG levels, which in turn promote hyperglycemia. Hence, perturbations elevating either glucose or MG have the potential to start an auto-amplifying feedback loop contributing to diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Garcia Cortizo
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Pfaff
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Angela Wirth
- Pharmakologisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Schlotterer
- 5th Medical Department, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Rebekka Medert
- Pharmakologisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jakob Morgenstern
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Weber
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Hammes
- 5th Medical Department, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Fleming
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Peter Paul Nawroth
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc Freichel
- Pharmakologisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aurelio A Teleman
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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11
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Bakhshayesh M, Gohari LH, Barati M, Safa M. Combination therapy using TGF-β1 and STI-571 can induce apoptosis in BCR-ABL oncogene-expressing cells. Biomol Concepts 2021; 12:144-155. [PMID: 34700368 DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2021-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The BCR-ABL oncogene is a tyrosine kinase gene that is over-expressed in CML. It inhibits the TGF-β1 signaling pathway. Due to resistance of cells to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, STI-571, the combined effect of STI-571 and TGF-β1 on K562 cells was studied in the present research. Results revealed that the TGF-β1 cell signaling pathway, which is activated in K562 cells treated with TGF-β1, activates collective cell signaling pathways involved in survival and apoptosis. It is noteworthy that treating K562 cells with STI-571 triggered apoptotic pathways, accompanied by a reduction in proteins such as Bcl-xL, Bcl-2, p-AKT, p-Stat5, p-FOXO3, and Mcl-1 and an increase in the pro-apoptotic proteins PARP cleavage, and p27, leading to an increase in sub-G1 phase-arrested and Annexin-positive cells. Interestingly, the proliferation behavior of TGF-β1-induced cells was changed with the combination therapy, and STI-571-induced apoptosis was also prompted by this combination. Thus, combination treatment appears to promote sub-G1 cell cycle arrest compared to individually treated cells. Furthermore, it strongly triggered apoptotic signaling. In conclusion, TGF-β1 did not negatively impact the effect of STI-571, based on positive annexin cells, and AKT protein phosphorylation remains effective in apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoome Bakhshayesh
- Genetics department, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ladan Hosseini Gohari
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Medical Laboratory Science Department, School of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Barati
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Safa
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Wang XY, Sun GB, Wang YJ, Yan F. Emodin Inhibits Resistance to Imatinib by Downregulation of Bcr-Abl and STAT5 and Allosteric Inhibition in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 43:1526-1533. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b20-00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yi Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University
| | | | - Ya-Jing Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University
| | - Fang Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University
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13
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Lin R, Zhang Y, Pradhan K, Li L. TICAM2-related pathway mediates neutrophil exhaustion. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14397. [PMID: 32873853 PMCID: PMC7463027 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71379-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic inflammation and immune suppression are the cardinal features that underlie the pathogenesis of severe systemic inflammatory syndrome and sepsis. Neutrophil exhaustion may play a key role during the establishment of pathogenic inflammation and immune suppression through elevated expression of inflammatory adhesion molecules such as ICAM1 and CD11b as well as immune-suppressors such as PD-L1. However, the mechanism of neutrophil exhaustion is not well understood. We demonstrated that murine primary neutrophils cultured in vitro with the prolonged lipopolysaccharides (LPS) stimulation can effectively develop an exhaustive phenotype resembling human septic neutrophils with elevated expression of ICAM1, CD11b, PD-L1 as well as enhanced swarming and aggregation. Mechanistically, we observed that TICAM2 is involved in the generation of neutrophil exhaustion, as TICAM2 deficient neutrophils have the decreased expression of ICAM1, CD11b, PD-L1, and the reduced aggregation following the prolonged LPS challenge as compared to wild type (WT) neutrophils. LPS drives neutrophil exhaustion through TICAM2 mediated activation of Src family kinases (SFK) and STAT1, as the application of SFK inhibitor Dasatinib blocks neutrophil exhaustion triggered by the prolonged LPS challenge. Functionally, TICAM2 deficient mice were protected from developing severe systemic inflammation and multi-organ injury following the chemical-induced mucosal damage. Together, our data defined a key role of TICAM2 in facilitating neutrophil exhaustion and that targeting TICAM2 may be a potential approach to treating the severe systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- RuiCi Lin
- Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health Graduate Program, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Kisha Pradhan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Liwu Li
- Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health Graduate Program, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
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14
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Damele L, Montaldo E, Moretta L, Vitale C, Mingari MC. Effect of Tyrosin Kinase Inhibitors on NK Cell and ILC3 Development and Function. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2433. [PMID: 30405627 PMCID: PMC6207002 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosin kinase inhibitors (TKI) sharply improved the prognosis of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) and of Philadelphia+ Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (Ph+ALL) patients. However, TKI are not curative because of the development of resistance and lack of complete molecular remission in the majority of patients. Clinical evidences would support the notion that patient's immune system may play a key role in preventing relapses. In particular, increased proportions of terminally differentiated CD56+CD16+CD57+ NK cells have been reported to be associated with successful Imatinib therapy discontinuation or with a deep molecular response in Dasatinib-treated patients. In view of the potential role of NK cells in immune-response against CML, it is important to study whether any TKI have an effect on the NK cell development and identify possible molecular mechanism(s) by which continuous exposure to in vitro TKI may influence NK cell development and repertoire. To this end, CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) were cultured in the absence or in the presence of Imatinib, Nilotinib, or Dasatinib. We show that all compounds exert an inhibitory effect on CD56+ cell recovery. In addition, Dasatinib sharply skewed the repertoire of CD56+ cell population, leading to an impaired recovery of CD56+CD117-CD16+CD94/NKG2A+EOMES+ mature cytotoxic NK cells, while the recovery of CD56+CD117+CD94/NKG2A-RORγt+ IL-22-producing ILC3 was not affected. This effect appears to involve the Dasatinib-mediated inhibition of Src kinases and, indirectly, of STAT5-signaling activation in CD34+ cells during first days of culture. Our studies, reveal a possible mechanism by which Dasatinib may interfere with the proliferation and maturation of fully competent NK cells, i.e., by targeting signaling pathways required for differentiation and survival of NK cells but not of ILC3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Damele
- Dipartimento Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
- Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Lorenzo Moretta
- Immunology Area Lab, Pediatric Hospital Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Vitale
- Dipartimento Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
- UO Immunologia, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Mingari
- Dipartimento Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
- Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
- UO Immunologia, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
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15
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Ding Y, Yang Z, Ge W, Kuang B, Xu J, Yang J, Chen Y, Zhang Q. Synthesis and biological evaluation of dithiocarbamate esters of parthenolide as potential anti-acute myelogenous leukaemia agents. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2018; 33:1376-1391. [PMID: 30208745 PMCID: PMC6136352 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2018.1490734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of dithiocarbamate esters of parthenolide (PTL) was designed, synthesised, and evaluated for their anti- acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML) activities. The most promising compound 7l showed greatly improved potency against AML progenitor cell line KG1a with IC50 value of 0.7 μM, and the efficacy was 8.7-folds comparing to that of PTL (IC50 = 6.1 μM). Compound 7l induced apoptosis of total primary human AML cells and leukaemia stem cell (LSCs) of primary AML cells while sparing normal cells. Furthermore, 7l suppressed the colony formation of primary human leukaemia cells. Moreover, compound 12, the salt form of 7l, prolonged the lifespan of mice in two patient-derived xenograft models and had no observable toxicity. The preliminary molecular mechanism study revealed that 7l-mediated apoptosis is associated with mitogen-activated protein kinase signal pathway. On the basis of these investigations, we propose that 12 might be a promising drug candidate for ultimate discovery of anti-LSCs drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Ding
- a State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research , Nankai University , Tianjin , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongjin Yang
- a State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research , Nankai University , Tianjin , People's Republic of China.,b School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Weizhi Ge
- a State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research , Nankai University , Tianjin , People's Republic of China
| | - Beijia Kuang
- a State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research , Nankai University , Tianjin , People's Republic of China
| | - Junqing Xu
- c Department of Hematology , Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University Medical College , Yantai , People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Yang
- a State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research , Nankai University , Tianjin , People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Chen
- a State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research , Nankai University , Tianjin , People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research , Nankai University , Tianjin , People's Republic of China
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16
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Chorzalska A, Ahsan N, Rao RSP, Roder K, Yu X, Morgan J, Tepper A, Hines S, Zhang P, Treaba DO, Zhao TC, Olszewski AJ, Reagan JL, Liang O, Gruppuso PA, Dubielecka PM. Overexpression of Tpl2 is linked to imatinib resistance and activation of MEK-ERK and NF-κB pathways in a model of chronic myeloid leukemia. Mol Oncol 2018; 12:630-647. [PMID: 29485707 PMCID: PMC5928369 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) has transformed chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) into a chronic disease with long-term survival exceeding 85%. However, resistance of CML stem cells to TKI may contribute to the 50% relapse rate observed after TKI discontinuation in molecular remission. We previously described a model of resistance to imatinib mesylate (IM), in which K562 cells cultured in high concentrations of imatinib mesylate showed reduced Bcr-Abl1 protein and activity levels while maintaining proliferative potential. Using quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of these IM-resistant cells, we have now identified significant upregulation of tumor progression locus (Tpl2), also known as cancer Osaka thyroid (COT1) kinase or Map3k8. Overexpression of Tpl2 in IM-resistant cells was accompanied by elevated activities of Src family kinases (SFKs) and NF-κB, MEK-ERK signaling. CD34+ cells isolated from the bone marrow of patients with CML and exposed to IMin vitro showed increased MAP3K8 transcript levels. Dasatinib (SFK inhibitor), U0126 (MEK inhibitor), and PS-1145 (IκB kinase (IKK) inhibitor) used in combination resulted in elimination of 65% of IM-resistant cells and reduction in the colony-forming capacity of CML CD34+ cells in methylcellulose assays by 80%. In addition, CML CD34+ cells cultured with the combination of inhibitors showed reduced MAP3K8 transcript levels. Overall, our data indicate that elevated Tpl2 protein and transcript levels are associated with resistance to IM and that combined inhibition of SFK, MEK, and NF-κB signaling attenuates the survival of IM-resistant CML cells and CML CD34+ cells. Therefore, combination of SFK, MEK, and NF-κB inhibitors may offer a new therapeutic approach to overcome TKI resistance in CML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Chorzalska
- Signal Transduction Lab, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Nagib Ahsan
- Division of Biology and Medicine, COBRE CCRD Proteomics Core Facility, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - R Shyama Prasad Rao
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Yenepoya Research Center, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, India
| | - Karim Roder
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - John Morgan
- Flow Cytometry and Cell Sorting Core Facility, Roger Williams Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Alexander Tepper
- Signal Transduction Lab, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Steven Hines
- Signal Transduction Lab, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Peng Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Diana O Treaba
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ting C Zhao
- Cardiovascular Lab, Department of Surgery, Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Adam J Olszewski
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - John L Reagan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Olin Liang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Philip A Gruppuso
- Department of Pediatrics, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Patrycja M Dubielecka
- Signal Transduction Lab, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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17
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You L, Liu H, Huang J, Xie W, Wei J, Ye X, Qian W. The novel anticancer agent JNJ-26854165 is active in chronic myeloid leukemic cells with unmutated BCR/ABL and T315I mutant BCR/ABL through promoting proteosomal degradation of BCR/ABL proteins. Oncotarget 2018; 8:7777-7790. [PMID: 27999193 PMCID: PMC5352360 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal malignant disease caused by the expression of BCR/ABL. MDM2 (human homolog of the murine double minute-2) inhibitors such as Nutlin-3 have been shown to induce apoptosis in a p53-dependent manner in CML cells and sensitize cells to Imatinib. Here, we demonstrate that JNJ-26854165, an inhibitor of MDM2, inhibits proliferation and triggers cell death in a p53-independent manner in various BCR/ABL-expressing cells, which include primary leukemic cells from patients with CML blast crisis and cells expressing the Imatinib-resistant T315I BCR/ABL mutant. The response to JNJ-26854165 is associated with the downregulation of BCR/ABL dependently of proteosome activation. Moreover, in all tested CML cells, with the exception of T315I mutation cells, combining JNJ-26854165 and tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) Imatinib or PD180970 leads to a synergistic effect. In conclusion, our results suggest that JNJ-26854165, used either alone or in combination with TKIs, represents a promising novel targeted approach to overcome TKI resistance and improve patient outcome in CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangshun You
- Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, P.R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, P.R. China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Hematology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu 322000, P.R. China
| | - Wanzhuo Xie
- Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, P.R. China
| | - Jueying Wei
- Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, P.R. China
| | - Xiujin Ye
- Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, P.R. China
| | - Wenbin Qian
- Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, P.R. China
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18
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Xu X, Zhang X, Liu Y, Yang L, Huang S, Lu L, Wang S, Guo Q, Zhao L. BM microenvironmental protection of CML cells from imatinib through Stat5/NF-κB signaling and reversal by Wogonin. Oncotarget 2017; 7:24436-54. [PMID: 27027438 PMCID: PMC5029713 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Constitutive Stat5 activation enhanced cell survival and resistance to imatinib (IM) in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cells. However, the mechanism of Stat5 activation in mediating resistance to IM in bone marrow (BM) microenvironment has not been evaluated precisely. In this study, we reported HS-5-derived conditioned medium (CM) significantly enhanced IM resistance in K562 and KU812. Interestingly, upregulation of the proportion of CD34+ subpopulation was found in CML cells. Subsequently, the BCR/ABL-independent activation of Stat5 increased P-glycoprotein (P-gp) activity in CM-mediated protection of CML stem cells (LSCs) from IM. Further research revealed Stat5 activation increased the DNA binding activity of NF-κB though binding of p-Stat5 and p-RelA in nucleus. Moreover, highly acetylated RelA was required for Stat5-mediated RelA nuclear binding. The study further confirmed that Wogonin potentiated the inhibitory effects of IM on leukemia development by suppressing Stat5 pathway both in CM model and the K562 xenograft model. In summary, results clearly demonstrated BCR/ABL-independent Stat5 survival pathway could contribute to resistance of CML LSCs to IM in BM microenvironment and suggested that natural durgs effectively inhibiting Stat5 may be an attractive approach to overcome resistance to BCR/ABL kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yicheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoliang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuhao Wang
- Middle School of The City, Mei County, Baoji, Shaanxi 721000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinglong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
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Oxidation of KCNB1 potassium channels triggers apoptotic integrin signaling in the brain. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2737. [PMID: 28383553 PMCID: PMC5477583 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative modification of the voltage-gated potassium (K+) channel KCNB1 promotes apoptosis in the neurons of cortex and hippocampus through a signaling pathway mediated by Src tyrosine kinases. How oxidation of the channel is transduced into Src recruitment and activation, however, was not known. Here we show that the apoptotic signal originates from integrins, which form macromolecular complexes with KCNB1 channels. The initial stimulus is transduced to Fyn and possibly other Src family members by focal adhesion kinase (FAK). Thus KCNB1 and integrin alpha chain V (integrin-α5) coimmunoprecipitated in the mouse brain and these interactions were retained upon channel's oxidation. Pharmacological inhibition of integrin signaling or FAK suppressed apoptosis induced by oxidation of KCNB1, as well as FAK and Src/Fyn activation. Most importantly, the activation of the integrin-FAK-Src/Fyn cascade was negligible in the presence of non-oxidizable C73A KCNB1 mutant channels, even though they normally interacted with integrin-α5. This leads us to conclude that the transition between the non-oxidized and oxidized state of KCNB1 activates integrin signaling. KCNB1 oxidation may favor integrin clustering, thereby facilitating the recruitment and activation of FAK and Src/Fyn kinases.
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Yu W, Parakramaweera R, Teng S, Gowda M, Sharad Y, Thakker-Varia S, Alder J, Sesti F. Oxidation of KCNB1 Potassium Channels Causes Neurotoxicity and Cognitive Impairment in a Mouse Model of Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurosci 2016; 36:11084-11096. [PMID: 27798188 PMCID: PMC5098843 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2273-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The delayed rectifier potassium (K+) channel KCNB1 (Kv2.1), which conducts a major somatodendritic current in cortex and hippocampus, is known to undergo oxidation in the brain, but whether this can cause neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment is not known. Here, we used transgenic mice harboring human KCNB1 wild-type (Tg-WT) or a nonoxidable C73A mutant (Tg-C73A) in cortex and hippocampus to determine whether oxidized KCNB1 channels affect brain function. Animals were subjected to moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI), a condition characterized by extensive oxidative stress. Dasatinib, a Food and Drug Administration-approved inhibitor of Src tyrosine kinases, was used to impinge on the proapoptotic signaling pathway activated by oxidized KCNB1 channels. Thus, typical lesions of brain injury, namely, inflammation (astrocytosis), neurodegeneration, and cell death, were markedly reduced in Tg-C73A and dasatinib-treated non-Tg animals. Accordingly, Tg-C73A mice and non-Tg mice treated with dasatinib exhibited improved behavioral outcomes in motor (rotarod) and cognitive (Morris water maze) assays compared to controls. Moreover, the activity of Src kinases, along with oxidative stress, were significantly diminished in Tg-C73A brains. Together, these data demonstrate that oxidation of KCNB1 channels is a contributing mechanism to cellular and behavioral deficits in vertebrates and suggest a new therapeutic approach to TBI. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This study provides the first experimental evidence that oxidation of a K+ channel constitutes a mechanism of neuronal and cognitive impairment in vertebrates. Specifically, the interaction of KCNB1 channels with reactive oxygen species plays a major role in the etiology of mouse model of traumatic brain injury (TBI), a condition associated with extensive oxidative stress. In addition, a Food and Drug Administration-approved drug ameliorates the outcome of TBI in mouse, by directly impinging on the toxic pathway activated in response to oxidation of the KCNB1 channel. These findings elucidate a basic mechanism of neurotoxicity in vertebrates and might lead to a new therapeutic approach to TBI in humans, which, despite significant efforts, is a condition that remains without effective pharmacological treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yu
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers University, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Randika Parakramaweera
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers University, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Shavonne Teng
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers University, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Manasa Gowda
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers University, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Yashsavi Sharad
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers University, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Smita Thakker-Varia
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers University, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Janet Alder
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers University, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Federico Sesti
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers University, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
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21
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Lu Y, Liu LL, Liu SS, Fang ZG, Zou Y, Deng XB, Long ZJ, Liu Q, Lin DJ. Celecoxib suppresses autophagy and enhances cytotoxicity of imatinib in imatinib-resistant chronic myeloid leukemia cells. J Transl Med 2016; 14:270. [PMID: 27645552 PMCID: PMC5029099 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-1012-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a hematological stem cell disorder. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are the standard treatments for CML, but a number of patients fail to respond effectively due to gene mutations. Celecoxib, a cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, has been shown to have anti-tumor effect on solid tumor whereas the anti-CML effect and its underlying mechanism have not been completely elucidated. METHODS The cytotoxic effects of celecoxib and/or imatinib were evaluated by MTT assay. Cell cycle distribution was examined by propidium iodide (PI) assay. Apoptosis or necrosis was analyzed by Annexin-V/PI, Hoechst 33342 staining and Western blot assays. Autophagy suppression effect of celecoxib was examined by Western blot and LysoTracker probe labelling. Lysosensor probe labelling was used to detect the effect of celecoxib on the lysosomal function. RESULTS In this study, we found that celecoxib had therapy efficacy in KBM5 and imatinib-resistant KBM5-T315I CML cell lines. Celecoxib caused significant cytotoxic effect in both cell lines, especially in KBM5-T315I cells exposed to celecoxib for 72 h. Moreover, celecoxib induced necrosis and apoptosis while inhibited autophagy in CML cell lines and patient samples. Furthermore, this study demonstrated that celecoxib prevented the autophagic flux by inhibiting lysosome function. Celecoxib was tested in combination with imatinib, demonstrating that celecoxib could strengthen the cytotoxicity of imatinib in imatinib-resistant CML cells. CONCLUSIONS These findings showed that celecoxib had therapy efficacy on CML cells. And it is first time to demonstrate that celecoxib is an autophagy suppresser and a combination of celecoxib and imatinib might be a promising new therapeutic strategy for imatinib-resistant CML cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Hematology, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling-Ling Liu
- Department of Hematology, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shou-Sheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of VIP Region, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Fang
- Department of Hematology, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Zou
- Department of Blood Transfusion, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu-Bin Deng
- Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zi-Jie Long
- Department of Hematology, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Hematology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Quentin Liu
- Department of Hematology, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Hematology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong-Jun Lin
- Department of Blood Transfusion, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. .,Department of Hematology, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. .,Institute of Hematology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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22
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Lu QP, Chen WD, Peng JR, Xu YD, Cai Q, Feng GK, Ding K, Zhu XF, Guan Z. Antitumor activity of 7RH, a discoidin domain receptor 1 inhibitor, alone or in combination with dasatinib exhibits antitumor effects in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:3598-3608. [PMID: 27900042 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of the discoidin domain receptors (DDRs) has been implicated in the development of numerous types of tumors, including head and neck cancer, and nasopharyngeal, breast, ovarian and esophageal carcinomas. Furthermore, agents that inhibit DDR1 activity are hypothesized to be useful for the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the DDR1 inhibitory (3-(2-(pyrazolo(1,5-a)pyrimidin-6-yl)-ethynyl)benzamide compound, 7RH, in NPC cells both in vitro and in vivo, and its effect when used in combination with dasatinib, a SRC family kinase (SFK) inhibitor. The effects of 7RH alone or in combination with dasatinib on cell viability were assessed using MTT assays and apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. In addition, western blotting was performed to analyze the relative protein expression levels of cell cycle-associated genes in human NPC cell lines (CNE1, CNE2, HONE1 and SUNE1). Cell migration was also assessed using cell adhesion assays. Furthermore, tumor xenografts of CNE2 NPC cells were established in nude mice and the growth inhibitory effects of 7RH treatment alone or in combination with dasatinib were evaluated. Finally, knockdown of DDR1 protein expression was achieved by transfection of CNE2 cells with DDR1-specific small interfering RNA. Treatment with 7RH effectively suppressed the proliferation and induced the apoptosis of NPC cells. In addition, the Janus kinase 1 (JAK1)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3) signaling pathway was downregulated by 7RH, whereas the activities of the Ras/Raf/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathways were upregulated in response to 7RH treatment. Furthermore, the expression levels of phosphorylated SRC were increased in NPC cells treated with 7RH; thus indicating that SRC exhibits a vital function in the resistance of NPC cells to 7RH via activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. The results of the present study indicate that DDR1 and SFK inhibition may present a potential therapeutic strategy for patients with NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Ping Lu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Dan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, P.R. China
| | - Jie-Ren Peng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Yao-Dong Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Qian Cai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Gong-Kan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, P.R. China
| | - Ke Ding
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology and Institute of Chemical Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Feng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, P.R. China
| | - Zhong Guan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
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23
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Tabarestani S, Movafagh A. New Developments in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: Implications for Therapy. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF CANCER PREVENTION 2016; 9:e3961. [PMID: 27366312 PMCID: PMC4922205 DOI: 10.17795/ijcp-3961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Context: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disorder characterized by overproduction of immature and matured myeloid cells in the peripheral blood, bone marrow and spleen. Evidence Acquisition: A hallmark of CML is the presence of (9; 22) (q34; q11) reciprocal translocation, which is cytogenetically visible as Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) and results in the formation of BCR-ABL1 fusion protein. This fusion protein is a constitutively active tyrosine kinase which is necessary and sufficient for malignant transformation. The introduction of imatinib, a BCR-ABL1- targeting tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) has revolutionized CML therapy. Subsequently, two other TKIs with increased activity against BCR-ABL1, dasatinib and nilotinib, were developed and approved for CML patients. Nevertheless, CML therapy faces major challenges. Results: The first is the development of resistance to BCR-ABL1 inhibitors in some patients, which can be due to BCR-ABL1 overexpression, differences in cellular drug influx and efflux, activation of alternative signaling pathways, or emergence of BCR-ABL1 kinase domain mutations during TKI treatment. The second is the limited efficiency of BCR-ABL1-TKIs in blast crisis (BC) CML. The third is the insensitivity of CML stem cells to BCR-ABL1 inhibitors. Conventional chemotherapeutics and BCR-ABL1 inhibitors which act by inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis, are ineffective against quiescent CML stem cells. Conclusions: A better understanding of the mechanisms that underlie TKI resistance, progression to BC, genomic instability and stem cell quiescence is essential to develop curative strategies for patients with CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Tabarestani
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Abolfazl Movafagh
- Medical Genetics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
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24
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Li YJ, He YF, Han XH, Hu B. Dasatinib suppresses invasion and induces apoptosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:7818-7824. [PMID: 26339346 PMCID: PMC4555674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Dasatinib, an orally available tyrosine kinas inhibitor (TKI), potently inhibits SRC which was found to activate RTKs that induce trastuzumab de novo and acquired resistance. To evaluate the potential of Dasatinib in the treatment of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, we used a variety of assays to measure its effects on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration. This work aimed to test the antitumor effects of the inhibitor in vitro to determine whether in vivo analyses were warranted. Cell growth rate and 50% inhibitory concentration was calculated by MTT assay. Dasatinib-induced apoptotic cells were investigated by Annexin V/PI staining. Proteins from cell extracts were analyzed by Western blot. Cell motility was investigated by Transwell. Our study showed that Dasatinib significantly inhibited CNE2 proliferation and induced apoptosis in vitro. Phospho-AKT, phospho-MEK, phospho-ERK expression was significantly reduced when treated with dasatinib which means the downregulated RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT pathway activity. Dasatinib significantly inhibited the motility of CNE2 as well as Phospho-FAK expression. Dasatinib exhibit antitumor effects of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by downregulating MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways activity and FAK phosphorylation. This suggests that dasatinib would have therapeutic activity against NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jie Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University Hefei 230001, PR. China
| | - Yi-Fu He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University Hefei 230001, PR. China
| | - Xing-Hua Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University Hefei 230001, PR. China
| | - Bing Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University Hefei 230001, PR. China
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25
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Ku M, Wall M, MacKinnon RN, Walkley CR, Purton LE, Tam C, Izon D, Campbell L, Cheng HC, Nandurkar H. Src family kinases and their role in hematological malignancies. Leuk Lymphoma 2015; 56:577-86. [PMID: 24898666 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2014.907897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The Src family protein tyrosine kinases (SFKs) are non-receptor intracellular kinases that have important roles in both hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis. The derangement of their expression or activation has been demonstrated to contribute to hematological malignancies. This review first examines the mechanisms of SFK overexpression and hyperactivation, emphasizing the dysregulation of the upstream modulators. Subsequently, the role of SFK up-regulation in the initiation, progression and therapy resistance of many hematological malignancies is also analyzed. The presented evidence endeavors to highlight the influence of SFK up-regulation on an extensive number of hematological malignancies and the need to consider them as candidates in targeted anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Ku
- Haematology Department and Victorian Cancer Cytogenetics Service, St Vincent's Hospital , Fitzroy , Australia
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26
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Pellicano F, Mukherjee L, Holyoake TL. Concise review: cancer cells escape from oncogene addiction: understanding the mechanisms behind treatment failure for more effective targeting. Stem Cells 2015; 32:1373-9. [PMID: 24520002 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Oncogene addiction describes the dependence of some cancers on one or a few genes for their survival. Inhibition of the corresponding oncoproteins can lead to dramatic responses. However, in some cases, such as chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), a disease characterized by the presence of the abnormal fusion tyrosine kinase BCR-ABL, cancer stem cells may never acquire addiction to the oncogene that drives disease development. The suggested mechanism(s) for treatment failure include a quiescent stem cell population capable of reinstating disease, high levels of oncoprotein expression, or acquired mutations in the oncogene. In this review, we discuss the evidence for oncogene addiction in several solid tumors and their potential escape mechanism(s) with a particular focus on CML stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pellicano
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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27
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Antibody-based detection of protein phosphorylation status to track the efficacy of novel therapies using nanogram protein quantities from stem cells and cell lines. Nat Protoc 2014; 10:149-68. [PMID: 25521791 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2015.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This protocol describes a highly reproducible antibody-based method that provides protein level and phosphorylation status information from nanogram quantities of protein cell lysate. Nanocapillary isoelectric focusing (cIEF) combines with UV-activated linking chemistry to detect changes in phosphorylation status. As an example application, we describe how to detect changes in response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in the phosphorylation status of the adaptor protein CrkL, a major substrate of the oncogenic tyrosine kinase BCR-ABL in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), using highly enriched CML stem cells and mature cell populations in vitro. This protocol provides a 2.5 pg/nl limit of protein detection (<0.2% of a stem cell sample containing <10(4) cells). Additional assays are described for phosphorylated tyrosine 207 (pTyr207)-CrkL and the protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPRC/CD45; these assays were developed using this protocol and applied to CML patient samples. This method is of high throughput, and it can act as a screen for in vitro cancer stem cell response to drugs and novel agents.
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28
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Yang K, Fu LW. Mechanisms of resistance to BCR-ABL TKIs and the therapeutic strategies: A review. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2014; 93:277-92. [PMID: 25500000 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BCR-ABL caused by the translocation of t(9,22) with elevated tyrosine-kinase activity could induce leukemia in mice, which established BCR-ABL as the molecular pathogenic event in CML (Chronic myeloid leukemia). In recent years, a variety of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting at BCR-ABL specifically and effectively have been developed, which has fundamentally promoted the treatment of CML. However, the efficacy of TKIs was limited by its resistance induced by the development of kinase domain mutations and other mechanisms illustrated. In this review, we summarized BCR-ABL inhibitors approved by Food and Drug Administration (FAD), with the same concerns focus on the resistant mechanisms of BCR-ABL inhibitors and therapeutic resistant strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Li-wu Fu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China.
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29
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Berger A, Sexl V, Valent P, Moriggl R. Inhibition of STAT5: a therapeutic option in BCR-ABL1-driven leukemia. Oncotarget 2014; 5:9564-76. [PMID: 25333255 PMCID: PMC4259420 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The two transcription factors STAT5A and STAT5B are central signaling molecules in leukemias driven by Abelson fusion tyrosine kinases and they fulfill all criteria of drug targets. STAT5A and STAT5B display unique nuclear shuttling mechanisms and they have a key role in resistance of leukemic cells against treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). Moreover, STAT5A and STAT5B promote survival of leukemic stem cells. We here discuss the possibility of targeting up-stream kinases with TKI, direct STAT5 inhibition via SH2 domain obstruction and blocking nuclear translocation of STAT5. All discussed options will result in a stop of STAT5 transport to the nucleus to block STAT5-mediated transcriptional activity. In summary, recently described shuttling functions of STAT5 are discussed as potentially druggable pathways in leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Berger
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronika Sexl
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Valent
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Ludwig-Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Ludwig-Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, University of Veterinary Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Austria
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30
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Helgason GV, Mukhopadhyay A, Karvela M, Salomoni P, Calabretta B, Holyoake TL. Autophagy in chronic myeloid leukaemia: stem cell survival and implication in therapy. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2014; 13:724-34. [PMID: 23941517 DOI: 10.2174/15680096113139990088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The insensitivity of Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia (CML) stem cells to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (TKI) treatment is now believed to be the main reason for disease persistence experienced in patients. It has been shown that autophagy, an evolutionarily conserved catabolic process that involves degradation of unnecessary or harmful cellular components via lysosomes, is induced following TKI treatment in CML cells. Of clinical importance, autophagy inhibition, using the anti-malarial drug hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), sensitised CML cells, including primitive CML stem cells, to TKI treatment. In this review we discuss the role of autophagy in the maintenance and survival of stem cells in more detail, with a focus on its role in survival of CML stem cells and the possibility to inhibit this pathway as a way to eliminate persistent CML stem cells in vitro and in patients.
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31
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Synergistic effects of proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib in combination with tyrosine kinase inhibitors in imatinib-sensitive and -resistant chronic myeloid leukemia models. Oncogenesis 2014; 3:e90. [PMID: 24590311 PMCID: PMC3940921 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2014.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) imatinib has transformed the treatment and outlook of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML); however, the development of drug resistance and the persistence of TKI-resistant stem cells remain obstacles to eradicating the disease. Inhibition of proteasome activity with bortezomib has been shown to effectively induce apoptosis in TKI-resistant cells. In this study, we show that exposure to the next generation proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib is associated with a decrease in ERK signaling and increased expression of Abelson interactor proteins 1 and 2 (ABI-1/2). We also investigate the effect of carfilzomib in models of imatinib-sensitive and -resistant CML and demonstrate a potent reduction in proliferation and induction of apoptosis in a variety of models of imatinib-resistant CML, including primitive CML stem cells. Carfilzomib acts synergistically with the TKIs imatinib and nilotinib, even in imatinib-resistant cell lines. In addition, we found that the presence of immunoproteasome subunits is associated with an increased sensitivity to carfilzomib. The present findings provide a rational basis to examine the potential of carfilzomib in combination with TKIs as a potential therapy for CML, particularly in imatinib-resistant disease.
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32
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By inhibiting Src, verapamil and dasatinib overcome multidrug resistance via increased expression of Bim and decreased expressions of MDR1 and survivin in human multidrug-resistant myeloma cells. Leuk Res 2014; 38:121-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2013.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Monoclonal antibody targeting of IL-3 receptor α with CSL362 effectively depletes CML progenitor and stem cells. Blood 2013; 123:1218-28. [PMID: 24363400 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-12-475194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the remarkable efficacy of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in eliminating differentiated chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells, recent evidence suggests that leukemic stem and progenitor cells (LSPCs) persist long term, which may be partly attributable to cytokine-mediated resistance. We evaluated the expression of the interleukin 3 (IL-3) receptor α subunit (CD123), an established marker of acute myeloid leukemia stem cells, on CML LSPCs and the potential of targeting those cells with the humanized anti-CD123 monoclonal antibody CSL362. Compared with normal donors, CD123 expression was higher in CD34(+)/CD38(-) cells of both chronic phase and blast crisis CML patients, with levels increasing upon disease progression. CSL362 effectively targeted CML LSPCs by selective antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)-facilitated lysis of CD123(+) cells and reduced leukemic engraftment in mice. Importantly, not only were healthy donor allogeneic natural killer (NK) cells able to mount an effective CSL362-mediated ADCC response, but so were CML patients' autologous NK cells. In addition, CSL362 also neutralized IL-3-mediated rescue of TKI-induced cell death. Notably, combination of TKI- and CSL362-induced ADCC caused even greater reduction of CML progenitors and further augmented their preferential elimination over normal hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Thus, our data support the further evaluation of CSL362 therapy in CML.
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34
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Simara P, Stejskal S, Koutna I, Potesil D, Tesarova L, Potesilova M, Zdrahal Z, Mayer J. Apoptosis in chronic myeloid leukemia cells transiently treated with imatinib or dasatinib is caused by residual BCR-ABL kinase inhibition. Am J Hematol 2013; 88:385-93. [PMID: 23420553 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.23419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Transient, potent BCR-ABL inhibition with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) was recently demonstrated to be sufficient to commit chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells to apoptosis irreversibly. This mechanism explains the clinical efficacy of once-daily dasatinib treatment, despite the rapid clearance of the drug from the plasma. However, our in vitro data suggest that apoptosis induction after transient TKI treatment, observed in the BCR-ABL-positive cell lines K562, KYO-1, and LAMA-84 and progenitor cells from chronic phase CML patients, is instead caused by a residual kinase inhibition that persists in the cells as a consequence of intracellular drug retention. High intracellular concentrations of imatinib and dasatinib residues were measured in transiently treated cells. Furthermore, the apoptosis induced by residual imatinib or dasatinib from transient treatment could be rescued by washing out the intracellularly retained drugs. The residual kinase inhibition was also undetectable by the phospho-CRKL assay. These findings confirm that continuous target inhibition is required for the optimal efficacy of kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Simara
- CBIA-Centre for Biomedical Image Analysis; Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University; Brno; Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Stejskal
- CBIA-Centre for Biomedical Image Analysis; Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University; Brno; Czech Republic
| | - Irena Koutna
- CBIA-Centre for Biomedical Image Analysis; Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University; Brno; Czech Republic
| | - David Potesil
- Core Facility-Proteomics; CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology; Masaryk University; Brno; Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Tesarova
- CBIA-Centre for Biomedical Image Analysis; Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University; Brno; Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Potesilova
- CBIA-Centre for Biomedical Image Analysis; Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University; Brno; Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Zdrahal
- Core Facility-Proteomics; CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology; Masaryk University; Brno; Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Mayer
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC); Masaryk University; Brno; Czech Republic
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35
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Stoklosa T, Glodkowska-Mrowka E, Hoser G, Kielak M, Seferynska I, Wlodarski P. Diverse mechanisms of mTOR activation in chronic and blastic phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia. Exp Hematol 2013; 41:462-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2013.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Revised: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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36
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Schnetzke U, Fischer M, Frietsch JJ, Finkensieper A, Clement JH, Hochhaus A, La Rosée P. Paradoxical MAPK-activation in response to treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors in CML: flow cytometry loses track. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2013; 86:229-35. [PMID: 23576291 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paradoxical activation of the MAP-kinases, ERK1, and ERK2 (ERK1/2) is observed in CML cell lines and primary CML patient cells treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) in vitro. The commonly accepted assumption is that activated ERK1/2 is key regulators of survival of leukemic cells treated with kinase inhibitors. Hence, paradoxical ERK1/2-activation may trigger resistance in vivo, which yet has to be shown. We therefore sought to establish a flow cytometric assay that enables us to measure paradoxical TKI-induced ERK1/2-activation on a single cell basis in primary CML cells. METHODS Side-by-side Western blot and intracellular flow cytometry (FCM) after in vitro exposure of cell lines and primary cells to nilotinib were performed. Detailed analysis of pre-analytical factors and the issue of compartmentalization of phosphorylated ERK1/2 by confocal laser scanning microscopy were performed. RESULT Results were conflicting in that pERK-activation was robustly detected in Western blot assays, but not when cells were analyzed by FCM despite well functioning positive and negative controls. This is in contrast to experiments on other targets such as phospho-CrkL, where also in our hands TKI-dependent inhibition of phosphorylation is trackable by both Western blot and FCM assays. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge this is the first report of discordant results in phospho-protein analysis in TKI-treated cells analyzed by Western blot vs. FCM. We speculate that a substance specific interaction interferes with fluorescence dependent methods seeking to track phosphorylated ERK1/2 in TKI-treated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Schnetzke
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Abteilung für Hämatologie und Internistische Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07740 Jena, Germany
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37
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Breccia M, Salaroli A, Molica M, Alimena G. Systematic review of dasatinib in chronic myeloid leukemia. Onco Targets Ther 2013; 6:257-65. [PMID: 23569389 PMCID: PMC3615898 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s35360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Dasatinib is a dual tyrosine kinase inhibitor active against ABL and Src family kinases, and is approved for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients in chronic, accelerated, or blast phase with resistance or intolerance to imatinib therapy, for newly diagnosed chronic phase patients, and for adults with Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia who have become resistant to or intolerant of other treatments. This review presents clinical data regarding different trials involving CML patients in different phases of the disease. Six-year follow-up of the Phase III dose-optimization study are described, showing overall survival of 71% with the current approved dose of 100 mg once daily. Three-year results of the randomized Phase III DASISION (DASatinib vs Imatinib Study In Treatment-Naïve CML patients) trial confirmed that dasatinib 100 mg once daily was superior to standard-dose imatinib in terms of achieving a faster and deeper molecular response, with similar activity regardless of baseline prognostic score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Breccia
- Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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38
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Zhang H, Li S. Molecular mechanisms for survival regulation of chronic myeloid leukemia stem cells. Protein Cell 2013; 4:186-96. [PMID: 23483480 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-013-2115-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) have served as a paradigm for cancer research and therapy. These studies involve the identification of the first cancer-associated chromosomal abnormality and the subsequent development of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) that inhibit BCR-ABL kinase activity in CML. It becomes clear that leukemia stem cells (LSCs) in CML which are resistant to TKIs, and eradication of LSCs appears to be extremely difficult. Therefore, one of the major issues in current CML biology is to understand the biology of LSCs and to investigate why LSCs are insensitive to TKI monotherapy for developing curative therapeutic strategies. Studies from our group and others have revealed that CML LSCs form a hierarchy similar to that seen in normal hematopoiesis, in which a rare stem cell population with limitless self-renewal potential gives rise to progenies that lack such potential. LSCs also possess biological features that are different from those of normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and are critical for their malignant characteristics. In this review, we summarize the latest progress in CML field, and attempt to understand the molecular mechanisms of survival regulation of LSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojian Zhang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
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39
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Dasatinib inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in the KASUMI-1 cell line bearing the t(8;21)(q22;q22) and the N822K c-kit mutation. Leuk Res 2013; 37:175-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2012.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Revised: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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40
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Microenvironmental protection of CML stem and progenitor cells from tyrosine kinase inhibitors through N-cadherin and Wnt-β-catenin signaling. Blood 2013; 121:1824-38. [PMID: 23299311 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-02-412890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are highly effective in treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) but do not eliminate leukemia stem cells (LSCs), which remain a potential source of relapse. TKI treatment effectively inhibits BCR-ABL kinase activity in CML LSCs, suggesting that additional kinase-independent mechanisms contribute to LSC preservation. We investigated whether signals from the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment protect CML LSCs from TKI treatment. Coculture with human BM mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) significantly inhibited apoptosis and preserved CML stem/progenitor cells following TKI exposure, maintaining colony-forming ability and engraftment potential in immunodeficient mice. We found that the N-cadherin receptor plays an important role in MSC-mediated protection of CML progenitors from TKI. N-cadherin-mediated adhesion to MSCs was associated with increased cytoplasmic N-cadherin-β-catenin complex formation as well as enhanced β-catenin nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity. Increased exogenous Wnt-mediated β-catenin signaling played an important role in MSC-mediated protection of CML progenitors from TKI treatment. Our results reveal a close interplay between N-cadherin and the Wnt-β-catenin pathway in protecting CML LSCs during TKI treatment. Importantly, these results reveal novel mechanisms of resistance of CML LSCs to TKI treatment and suggest new targets for treatment designed to eradicate residual LSCs in CML patients.
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41
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Hiwase DK, Saunders VA, Nievergall E, Ross DD, White DL, Hughes TP. Dasatinib targets chronic myeloid leukemia-CD34+ progenitors as effectively as it targets mature cells. Haematologica 2012; 98:896-900. [PMID: 23065516 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2012.070268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dasatinib is effective in most chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia patients both in first-line therapy and following imatinib failure. While imatinib uptake into CD34(+) cells is low compared to mononuclear cells, few data evaluate how well dasatinib targets primitive CML cells. This study compares intracellular concentration of dasatinib and Bcr-Abl kinase inhibition in CML-CD34(+) progenitors and mononuclear cells induced by dasatinib. The intracellular concentrations of dasatinib were similar between CML-CD34(+) and mononuclear cells (P=0.8). Similarly, there was no significant difference in the degree of dasatinib-mediated Bcr-Abl kinase inhibition. ABCB1 (MDR1) and ABCG2 inhibitors neither increased dasatinib intracellular concentration nor enhanced dasatinib-mediated Bcr-Abl kinase inhibition. In contrast to nilotinib, we show that dasatinib is not an ABCB1 inhibitor. Thus, dasatinib targets CML-CD34(+) progenitors as effectively as it targets mononuclear cells. ABCB1 and ABCG2 efflux pumps do not appear to influence the intracellular dasatinib concentration in CML-CD34(+) progenitors.
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42
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Huang CP, Tsai MF, Chang TH, Tang WC, Chen SY, Lai HH, Lin TY, Yang JCH, Yang PC, Shih JY, Lin SB. ALDH-positive lung cancer stem cells confer resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Cancer Lett 2012; 328:144-51. [PMID: 22935675 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Molecular targeting therapeutics, such as EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), are important treatment strategies for lung cancer. Currently, the major challenge confronting targeted cancer therapies is the development of resistance. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a rare population of undifferentiated tumorigenic cells responsible for tumor initiation, maintenance and spreading. Resistance to conventional chemotherapeutic drugs is a common characteristic of CSCs. However, the issue of whether CSCs contribute to EGFR TKI resistance in lung cancer is yet to be established. In the current study, we explored the association of ALDH1A1 expression with EGFR TKI resistance in lung cancer stem cells. ALDH1A1-positive lung cancer cells displayed resistance to gefitinib, compared to ALDH1A1-negative lung cancer cells. Moreover, PC9/gef cells (gefitinib-resistant lung cancer cells) presented a higher proportion of ALDH1A1-positive cells, compared to PC9 cells (gefitinib-sensitive lung cancer cells). Clinical sample studies were consistent with results from cell culture model systems showing that lung cancer cells with resistance to EGFR TKI and chemotherapy drugs contain significantly increased proportions of ALDH1A1-positive cells. These findings collectively suggest that ALDH1A1 positivity in cancer stem cells confers resistance to EGFR TKI in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Po Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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43
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Abstract
c-Src and Bcr-Abl are two cytoplasmatic tyrosine kinases (TKs) involved in the development of malignancies. In particular, Bcr-Abl is the etiologic agent of chronic myeloid leukemia, where Src is also involved; the latter is hyperactivated in several solid tumors. Because of the structural homology between Src and Abl, several compounds originally synthesized as Src inhibitors have also been shown to be Abl inhibitors, useful in overcoming the onset of some types of chronic myeloid leukemia resistances, which frequently appear in the advanced phases of pathology. In recent years, the development of such compounds has been promoted by both excellent preclinical and clinical results, and by the theory that dual or multi-targeted inhibitors might be more effective than selective inhibitors. This review is an update on the most important dual inhibitors already in clinical trials and includes information regarding compounds that have appeared in the literature in recent years.
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44
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Skorski T. Genetic mechanisms of chronic myeloid leukemia blastic transformation. Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2012; 7:87-93. [PMID: 22328017 DOI: 10.1007/s11899-012-0114-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The BCR-ABL1 oncogenic tyrosine kinase can transform pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells and initiate chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase (CML-CP), a myeloproliferative disorder characterized by excessive accumulation of mature myeloid cells. Patients in CML-CP usually respond to treatment with ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as imatinib, though some patients who respond initially may become resistant later. CML-CP leukemia stem cells (LSCs) are intrinsically insensitive to TKIs and thus survive in the long term. These LSCs or their progeny may at some stage acquire additional genetic changes that cause the leukemia to transform further, from CML-CP to a more advanced phase, which has been subclassified as either accelerated phase (CML-AP) or blastic phase (CML-BP). CML-BP is characterized by a major clonal expansion of immature progenitors, which have either myeloid or lymphoid features. CML-BP responds poorly to treatment and is usually fatal. This review discusses the role of genomic instability leading to blastic transformation of CML and proposes some novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Skorski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
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45
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Nieborowska-Skorska M, Kopinski PK, Ray R, Hoser G, Ngaba D, Flis S, Cramer K, Reddy MM, Koptyra M, Penserga T, Glodkowska-Mrowka E, Bolton E, Holyoake TL, Eaves CJ, Cerny-Reiterer S, Valent P, Hochhaus A, Hughes TP, van der Kuip H, Sattler M, Wiktor-Jedrzejczak W, Richardson C, Dorrance A, Stoklosa T, Williams DA, Skorski T. Rac2-MRC-cIII-generated ROS cause genomic instability in chronic myeloid leukemia stem cells and primitive progenitors. Blood 2012; 119:4253-63. [PMID: 22411871 PMCID: PMC3359741 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-10-385658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase (CML-CP) is induced by BCR-ABL1 oncogenic tyrosine kinase. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors eliminate the bulk of CML-CP cells, but fail to eradicate leukemia stem cells (LSCs) and leukemia progenitor cells (LPCs) displaying innate and acquired resistance, respectively. These cells may accumulate genomic instability, leading to disease relapse and/or malignant progression to a fatal blast phase. In the present study, we show that Rac2 GTPase alters mitochondrial membrane potential and electron flow through the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III (MRC-cIII), thereby generating high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in CML-CP LSCs and primitive LPCs. MRC-cIII-generated ROS promote oxidative DNA damage to trigger genomic instability, resulting in an accumulation of chromosomal aberrations and tyrosine kinase inhibitor-resistant BCR-ABL1 mutants. JAK2(V617F) and FLT3(ITD)-positive polycythemia vera cells and acute myeloid leukemia cells also produce ROS via MRC-cIII. In the present study, inhibition of Rac2 by genetic deletion or a small-molecule inhibitor and down-regulation of mitochondrial ROS by disruption of MRC-cIII, expression of mitochondria-targeted catalase, or addition of ROS-scavenging mitochondria-targeted peptide aptamer reduced genomic instability. We postulate that the Rac2-MRC-cIII pathway triggers ROS-mediated genomic instability in LSCs and primitive LPCs, which could be targeted to prevent the relapse and malignant progression of CML.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Catalase/metabolism
- DNA Damage
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- DNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Disease Progression
- Electron Transport
- Electron Transport Complex III/metabolism
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Genomic Instability
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic-Phase/pathology
- Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial
- Methacrylates/pharmacology
- Mice
- Neoplasm Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/physiology
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/drug effects
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Polycythemia Vera/metabolism
- Polycythemia Vera/pathology
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/physiology
- Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism
- Thiazoles/pharmacology
- rac GTP-Binding Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- rac GTP-Binding Proteins/genetics
- rac GTP-Binding Proteins/physiology
- RAC2 GTP-Binding Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Nieborowska-Skorska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine, 3400 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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Zirm E, Spies-Weisshart B, Heidel F, Schnetzke U, Böhmer FD, Hochhaus A, Fischer T, Scholl S. Ponatinib may overcome resistance of FLT3-ITD harbouring additional point mutations, notably the previously refractory F691I mutation. Br J Haematol 2012; 157:483-92. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2012.09085.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Zirm
- Department of Haematology/Oncology; Clinic for Internal Medicine II; Jena University Hospital; Jena
| | - Bärbel Spies-Weisshart
- Department of Haematology/Oncology; Clinic for Internal Medicine II; Jena University Hospital; Jena
| | - Florian Heidel
- Department of Haematology/Oncology; Otto-von-Guericke-University; Magdeburg; Germany
| | - Ulf Schnetzke
- Department of Haematology/Oncology; Clinic for Internal Medicine II; Jena University Hospital; Jena
| | | | - Andreas Hochhaus
- Department of Haematology/Oncology; Clinic for Internal Medicine II; Jena University Hospital; Jena
| | - Thomas Fischer
- Department of Haematology/Oncology; Otto-von-Guericke-University; Magdeburg; Germany
| | - Sebastian Scholl
- Department of Haematology/Oncology; Clinic for Internal Medicine II; Jena University Hospital; Jena
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47
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Nam S, Scuto A, Yang F, Chen W, Park S, Yoo HS, Konig H, Bhatia R, Cheng X, Merz KH, Eisenbrand G, Jove R. Indirubin derivatives induce apoptosis of chronic myelogenous leukemia cells involving inhibition of Stat5 signaling. Mol Oncol 2012; 6:276-83. [PMID: 22387217 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2011] [Revised: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Indirubin is the major active anti-tumor component of a traditional Chinese herbal medicine used for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). While previous studies indicate that indirubin is a promising therapeutic agent for CML, the molecular mechanism of action of indirubin is not fully understood. We report here that indirubin derivatives (IRDs) potently inhibit Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 5 (Stat5) protein in CML cells. Compound E804, which is the most potent in this series of IRDs, blocked Stat5 signaling in human K562 CML cells, imatinib-resistant human KCL-22 CML cells expressing the T315I mutant Bcr-Abl (KCL-22M), and CD34-positive primary CML cells from patients. Autophosphorylation of Src family kinases (SFKs) was strongly inhibited in K562 and KCL-22M cells at 5 μM E804, and in primary CML cells at 10 μM E804, although higher concentrations partially inhibited autophosphorylation of Bcr-Abl. Previous studies indicate that SFKs cooperate with Bcr-Abl to activate downstream Stat5 signaling. Activation of Stat5 was strongly blocked by E804 in CML cells. E804 down-regulated expression of Stat5 target proteins Bcl-x(L) and Mcl-1, associated with induction of apoptosis. In sum, our findings identify IRDs as potent inhibitors of the SFK/Stat5 signaling pathway downstream of Bcr-Abl, leading to apoptosis of K562, KCL-22M and primary CML cells. IRDs represent a promising structural class for development of new therapeutics for wild type or T315I mutant Bcr-Abl-positive CML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangkil Nam
- Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
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48
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Targeting of GSK3β promotes imatinib-mediated apoptosis in quiescent CD34+ chronic myeloid leukemia progenitors, preserving normal stem cells. Blood 2012; 119:2335-45. [PMID: 22262776 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-06-361261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The targeting of BCR-ABL, a hybrid oncogenic tyrosine (Y) kinase, does not eradicate chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)-initiating cells. Activation of β-catenin was linked to CML leukemogenesis and drug resistance through its BCR-ABL-dependent Y phosphorylation and impaired binding to GSK3β (glycogen synthase kinase 3β). Herein, we show that GSK3β is constitutively Y(216) phospho-activated and predominantly relocated to the cytoplasm in primary CML stem/progenitor cells compared with its balanced active/inactive levels and cytosolic/nuclear distribution in normal cells. Under cytokine support, persistent GSK3β activity and its altered subcellular localization were correlated with BCR-ABL-dependent and -independent activation of MAPK and p60-SRC/GSK3β complex formation. Specifically, GSK3β activity and nuclear import were increased by imatinib mesylate (IM), a selective ABL inhibitor, but prevented by dasatinib that targets both BCR-ABL- and cytokine-dependent MAPK/p60-SRC activity. SB216763, a specific GSK3 inhibitor, promoted an almost complete suppression of primary CML stem/progenitor cells when combined with IM, but not dasatinib, while sparing bcr-abl-negative cells. Our data indicate that GSK3 inhibition acts to prime a pro-differentiative/apoptotic transcription program in the nucleus of IM-treated CML cells by affecting the β-catenin, cyclinD1, C-EBPα, ATF5, mTOR, and p27 levels. In conclusion, our data gain new insight in CML biology, indicating that GSK3 inhibitors may be of therapeutic value in selectively targeting leukemia-initiating cells in combination with IM but not dasatinib.
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49
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Omacetaxine mepesuccinate prevents cytokine-dependent resistance to nilotinib in vitro: potential role of the common β-subunit c of cytokine receptors. Leukemia 2012; 26:1321-8. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2011.380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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50
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Chevé G, Bories C, Fauvel B, Picot F, Tible A, Daydé-Cazals B, Loget O, Yasri A. De novo design, synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of new azaindole derivatives as dual inhibitors of Abl and Src kinases. MEDCHEMCOMM 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2md20104f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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